Device and method for anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchoring device which comprises: - a plate (5) including at least one frustoconical opening (7); - a rod (17) secured in the structure (3); - a positioning ring (29) with a positioning slot (37); - a blocking ring (49) with a blocking slot (57); - a locking member (71) biasing the rings towards the back of the opening; the angle of the opening (α) being chosen so that the force applied by the locking member (71) does not cause the rings to be pushed into the opening (7); the slots having shapes chosen so that the rod (17) is blocked in position relative to the plate (5) in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by the edges of the slots.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE: Device and method for anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure

[0003] The invention generally relates to the anchoring of equipment to a civil engineering structure, particularly in a nuclear power plant.

[0004] In a nuclear power plant, pipes and other hydraulic circuit components can be supported using anchor plates fixed in civil engineering structures. Metal beams, such as tubes or profiles, are welded onto the plates to support the pipes.

[0005] Every nuclear power plant is equipped with kilometers of piping and thousands of supports to hold these pipes in place. These supports are designed to withstand all kinds of stress, including thermal expansion of the pipes and earthquakes.

[0006] To do this, it is necessary to fix anchor plates in the reinforced concrete blocks, using metal rods.

[0007] Before installing these rods, the exact position of the irons constituting the metal reinforcement of the concrete can be identified. Indeed, it is important to avoid inadvertently cutting the irons when drilling the concrete, because cutting an iron would weaken the civil engineering.

[0008] The position of the rods relative to the plate can then be adjusted, depending on the position of the irons. The final positions of the rods on the plate are therefore not known before the intervention on site.

[0009] The plate can be drilled on site once the final positions are known. This drilling must be carried out with great precision, as the diameter of the drill holes in the plate is barely two millimeters larger than the diameter of the dowel rods. If a drilling error occurs in the plate, it is necessary to repeat the operation on a new plate.

[0010] Such an approach leads to a relatively long on-site intervention time, which is all the more problematic as the intervention is on the critical path of unit shutdowns and requires the mobilization of teams and material resources, the costs of which are significant.

[0011] WO 2020 / 239667A1 proposes a solution to this problem. The support plate is provided with a plurality of frustoconical holes. A frustoconical positioning ring is engaged in each hole. The ring has a curved slot, extending substantially from the center of the ring to its peripheral edge. The rod is received in the slot.

[0012] A locking member is screwed onto the end of the rod, and forces the truncated ring into the hole.

[0013] Such an anchoring device allows the rod to be fixed to the plate regardless of its position within a specific area corresponding substantially to the surface of the orifice. To do this, it is sufficient to correctly orient the ring so that the rod engages in the slot.

[0014] However, this anchoring device has a major flaw.

[0015] In case of tensile stress on the plate, parallel to the rods, the ring is pushed inside the corresponding hole, and the pre-tightening is lost.

[0016] In this context, the invention aims to propose an anchoring device which does not have the above defect.

[0017] To this end, the invention relates to a device for anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure, the anchoring device comprising:

[0018] - an equipment support plate comprising at least one orifice, a large rear face intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure and a large front face opposite the large rear face, each orifice having a converging frustoconical shape from the large front face towards the large rear face characterized by an orifice angle;

[0019] - for the or each orifice, a longitudinal rod engaged in the orifice and intended to be rigidly fixed in the civil engineering structure;

[0020] - for the or each orifice, a positioning ring having a frustoconical shape characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle, the positioning ring having an elongated positioning lumen with a proximal end located radially relatively closer to a central axis of the orifice and a distal end radially relatively further from said central axis, the positioning ring being engaged in the orifice, the rod passing through the positioning lumen;

[0021] - for the or each orifice, a locking ring having a frustoconical shape characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle, the locking ring having an elongated locking lumen, the locking ring being engaged in the orifice, the rod passing through the locking lumen;

[0022] - for the or each orifice, a locking member linked to the or one of the rods and urging the positioning ring and the locking ring towards the rear face of the plate; the orifice angle being chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member does not cause the positioning ring and the locking ring to be pushed into the orifice; the positioning light and the locking light having shapes chosen so that, at any determined position of the rod in the positioning light, there corresponds a corresponding position of the rod in the locking light such that the rod is locked in position relative to the plate in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by edges of the positioning light and / or edges of the locking light.

[0023] Because the orifice angle is chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member does not cause the positioning ring and the locking ring to sink into the orifice, in the event of longitudinal tensile stress, the rings do not sink into the orifice.

[0024] In fact, there is a limit value for the orifice angle such that sinking is possible below this limit value and strictly impossible above it. This limit value is a function of the coefficient of friction between the rings and the plate. Ultimately, it depends on the materials chosen for the rings and for the plate.

[0025] In other words, the orifice angle must be chosen so as to exit the friction cone between the two rings and the plate. In this case, no sinking is possible. This allows, in the event of tensile stress on the plate, for example in the event of an earthquake, to maintain the pre-tightening.

[0026] Furthermore, due to the shapes chosen for the positioning light and the locking light, there is no play between the rod and the plate. According to certain standards, the existence of such play means that the maximum permissible accelerations in shear under dynamic stress are halved compared to a configuration without play.

[0027] In addition, the positioning light and the locking light allow for accepting pegs positioned over a range of positions, as in the prior art above.

[0028] The anchoring device may further have one or more of the following characteristics, considered individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0029] - at any determined position of the rod in the positioning lumen, a longitudinal central axis of the rod occupies a defined position along a center line of the positioning lumen and occupies a correspondingly defined position along a center line of the blocking lumen, a tangent to the center line of the positioning lumen at the defined position and a tangent to the center line of the blocking lumen at the correspondingly defined position forming an angle between them of between 45° and 135°;

[0030] - the positioning light is radial relative to the central axis of the orifice;

[0031] - the positioning lumen is delimited at its proximal end by an arcuate edge passing through the central axis of the orifice;

[0032] - the blocking light has a general U shape;

[0033] - the blocking light has a central line winding around the central axis of the orifice and forming at all points an angle of between 60° and 120° with the radial direction passing through said central axis;

[0034] - the central axis of the orifice is located between a first end and a second end of the blocking light;

[0035] - the orifice angle is greater than A= tan -1 (F), where F is the coefficient of static friction of the positioning ring on the plate and / or is the coefficient of static friction of the locking ring on the plate;

[0036] - the locking member urges the locking ring against the positioning ring, the locking ring having a thickness longitudinally chosen so that at least 30% of a longitudinal force applied by the locking member to the locking ring is transmitted to the positioning ring;

[0037] - the positioning light and the blocking light have closed contours.

[0038] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure, the method comprising the following steps:

[0039] - obtaining a support plate for the equipment comprising at least one orifice, a large rear face intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure and a large front face opposite the large rear face, the or each orifice having a converging truncated cone shape from the large front face towards the large rear face characterized by an orifice angle;

[0040] - for the or each orifice, rigid fixing of a longitudinal rod in the civil engineering structure;

[0041] - placement of the plate with the rear face resting against the civil engineering structure, the rod or each rod being engaged in the corresponding hole;

[0042] - placing in the or each orifice a positioning ring having a frustoconical shape characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle, the positioning ring having an elongated positioning lumen with a proximal end located radially relatively closer to the central axis of the orifice and a distal end located radially relatively further from the central axis of the orifice, the positioning ring being oriented in the orifice so that the rod passes through the positioning lumen;

[0043] - placing in the or each orifice a locking ring having a truncated cone shape characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle, the locking ring having an elongated locking lumen, the locking ring being oriented in the orifice so that the rod passes through the locking lumen;

[0044] - locking in position the positioning ring and the locking ring relative to the plate using a locking member connected to the or each rod, the locking member urging the positioning ring and the locking ring towards the rear face of the plate; the orifice angle being chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member does not cause the positioning ring and the locking ring to be pushed into the orifice; the positioning light and the locking light having shapes chosen so that, at any position of the rod in the positioning light, there corresponds a position of the rod in the locking light such that the rod is locked in position relative to the plate in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by edges of the positioning light and / or edges of the locking light.

[0045] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description given below, for information purposes only and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which:

[0046] - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the anchoring device mounted on the civil engineering structure, in front view;

[0047] - Figure 2 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the device of Figure 1, taken at the level of a rod;

[0048] - Figures 3 and 4 are respectively a side view and a front view of the positioning ring of the device of Figures 1 and 2, the front view being taken according to the incidence of arrow IV of Figure 3; and

[0049] - Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a sectional view and a front view of the locking ring of the device of Figures 1 and 2, the front view being taken according to the incidence of arrow VI of Figure 5.

[0050] The anchoring device 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is intended for fixing equipment (not shown) to a civil engineering structure 3.

[0051] The civil engineering structure 3 is part of a nuclear power plant. Alternatively, it is part of an industrial facility of another type, or is part of a non-industrial building. The civil engineering structure is typically made of reinforced concrete, i.e., concrete reinforced by metal rods embedded in said concrete. Alternatively, the civil engineering structure is made of unreinforced concrete.

[0052] The civil engineering structure is a wall, a concrete block, a floor, a ceiling or any other suitable structure.

[0053] The equipment fixed by the anchoring device to the civil engineering structure 3 is for example a pipe, or a tank, or a ventilation duct, or a cable tray, or any other equipment.

[0054] The anchoring device is designed to fix the equipment to the civil engineering structure while respecting multiple constraints, in particular earthquake resistance, in compliance with international and national standards defining acceptable criteria.

[0055] The anchoring device 1 comprises a plate 5 for supporting the equipment, the plate 5 itself comprising at least one orifice 7 (figures 1 and 2). In the example shown, the plate 5 has four orifices 7, but could have a single orifice, or two, or three or more than four orifices.

[0056] Plate 5 is a metal plate, typically made of carbon steel. It is a few millimeters thick. It is, for example, rectangular in shape, but could be any other suitable shape.

[0057] The plate 5 carries a member 9 for supporting the equipment. This member 9 is for example a metal beam, or a metal bracket, or any other suitable member. The support member 9 is generally welded onto the plate 5.

[0058] The plate 5 has a large rear face 11 intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure 3 and a large front face 13 opposite the large rear face 11.

[0059] The plate 5 is intended to be placed in abutment against the free surface 15 of the civil engineering structure, typically with its rear face 11 directly against this surface.

[0060] Alternatively, there is a space between the plate 5 and the free surface 15, the plate 5 being pressed against the free surface 15 with the interposition of any suitable mechanical component such as feet.

[0061] The anchoring device 1 comprises for each orifice 7 a longitudinal rod 17, engaged in the orifice 7 and intended to be rigidly fixed in the civil engineering structure 3.

[0062] The longitudinal direction is substantially perpendicular to the plane in which the plate 5 extends, that is to say to the plane of the free surface 15. For this purpose, the civil engineering structure 3 comprises holes 19, each provided for receiving one of the rods 17. The holes 19 open out at the level of the free surface 15.

[0063] The rod 17 comprises, for example, at a rear longitudinal end a head 21 intended to be engaged inside the hole 19. It is rigidly fixed to the civil engineering structure 3, for example by cooperation with the wall of the hole 19. The head 21 thus forms a fixing pin. The operation of such a pin is known, and the head will not be described here in more detail.

[0064] The rod 17 also comprises a main part 23 elongated longitudinally, a section 25 of which is engaged in the orifice 7. The main part 23 is elongated longitudinally and is integral with the head 21.

[0065] The rod 17 has a front end 27.

[0066] The front end 27 is defined by the main portion 23. The front end 27 projects out of the orifice 7.

[0067] Each orifice 7 has a truncated cone shape, converging from the large front face 13 towards the large rear face 11. The truncated cone shape is characterized by an orifice angle a (figure 2). The orifice angle a corresponds to the angle at the apex of the cone in which the truncated cone shape is inscribed.

[0068] The truncated cone has a longitudinal central axis C.

[0069] The angle a also corresponds to the angle formed by the wall of the orifice 7 with the central axis C.

[0070] The orifice 7, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, has circular sections.

[0071] The device 1 also comprises for each orifice 7 a positioning ring 29 having a truncated cone shape. The truncated cone shape is characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle a.

[0072] The positioning ring 29, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, has circular sections.

[0073] The positioning ring 29 is shown in Figures 3 and 4. It is delimited by a small base 31, a large base 33, the small base and the large base being connected to each other by a truncated conical lateral surface 35.

[0074] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the positioning ring 29 has an elongated positioning lumen 37.

[0075] The positioning ring 29 is engaged in the orifice 7, the rod 17 passing through the positioning light 37. The small base 31 is turned towards the rear face 11 and the large base 33 towards the front face 13 of the plate.

[0076] The positioning lumen 37 has a proximal end 39 located radially relatively closer to the central axis C, and a distal end 41 located radially relatively further from the central axis C.

[0077] The positioning light 37 has a width corresponding substantially to the diameter of the section 25 of the rod.

[0078] The lateral surface 35 of the positioning ring bears against the internal surface of the frustoconical orifice 7. Because the first ring angle is substantially equal to the orifice angle a, the lateral surface 35 is in contact over its entire surface with the internal surface of the orifice 7.

[0079] The anchoring device 1 also comprises a locking ring 49 having a truncated cone shape, characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle a.

[0080] The locking ring 49 is shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0081] The locking ring 49 has a small base 51, a large base 53 and a frustoconical lateral surface 55 connecting the small base to the large base.

[0082] The locking ring 49 comprises an elongated locking light 57.

[0083] The locking ring 49 is engaged in the orifice 7, the rod 17 passing through the locking light 57.

[0084] The locking ring 49 is engaged in the orifice 7 so that the small base 51 is in contact against the large base 33 of the positioning ring 29, the large base 53 of the locking ring being turned away from the rear face 11 of the plate.

[0085] Because the second ring angle is substantially equal to the orifice angle a, the lateral surface 55 bears by its entire surface against the internal surface of the orifice 7.

[0086] The locking ring 49 has circular sections perpendicular to the central axis C.

[0087] The blocking lumen 57 has a first end 59 and a second end 61 opposite each other.

[0088] It has a width corresponding substantially to the diameter of the portion 25 of the rod engaged in the blocking light 57, plus a tolerance.

[0089] The positioning light 37 and the blocking light 57 have shapes chosen so that, at all positions of the rod 17 in the positioning light 37, there corresponds a position of the rod 17 in the blocking light 57 such that the rod 17 is blocked in position relative to the plate 5, in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, by edges of the positioning light 37 and / or edges of the blocking light 57.

[0090] This means that, when the rod 17 occupies a given position in the positioning light 37, it is possible to orient the locking ring 49 around the central axis C in such a way that the rod 17 passes through the locking light 57 and occupies a determined position in this locking light 57.

[0091] This is true regardless of the position occupied by the rod 17 along the positioning light 37, and regardless of the angular orientation of the positioning ring 37 in the orifice 7 around the central axis C.

[0092] Thus, each position of the rod 17 in the positioning light 37 corresponds to a position of the rod 17 in the locking light 57. In each “pair” of positions, the rod 17 is locked in position relative to the plate 5 in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

[0093] In other words, under the effect of a shear force perpendicular to the longitudinal direction applied to the rod 17, the rod 17 cannot move from its starting position, regardless of the direction in which the shear force is applied. It is held in position by the edges of the positioning light 37 or by the edges of the locking light 57 or jointly by the edges of the positioning light 37 and the edges of the locking light 57.

[0094] More precisely, to any determined position of the rod 17 in the positioning light 37, corresponds a position of a longitudinal central axis C' of the rod 17 defined along a central line L of the positioning light 37.

[0095] This longitudinal central axis C' occupies a corresponding position defined along a central line L' of the blocking light 57.

[0096] A tangent T to the center line L of the positioning light 37 for the defined position of the longitudinal center axis C' is shown in Figure 6. A tangent T' to the center line L' of the blocking light 57 for the corresponding defined position of the longitudinal center axis C' is also shown in Figure 6.

[0097] To allow the rod 17 to be locked in position, the tangent T and the tangent T' form an angle p between them of between 45° and 135°.

[0098] Preferably, the angle p is between 70° and 110°, and more preferably between 80° and 100°.

[0099] The center line L can be defined as the line followed by the longitudinal central axis C' of the rod 17, when this rod 17 moves along the positioning light 37. Similarly, the center line L' corresponds to the positions occupied by the longitudinal central axis C' of the rod 17 when the latter moves along the blocking light 57.

[0100] In the example shown, the positioning light 37 is radial relative to the central axis C of the ring.

[0101] This positioning light 37 is delimited by two rectilinear edges 43 parallel to each other and opposite each other. At its two ends, it is delimited by two arcuate edges 45 and 47, connecting the rectilinear edges 43 to each other. The arcuate edges 45, 47 are concave towards the inside of the light. They are in an arc of a circle, and each has a radius corresponding to the radius of the portion 25 of the rod.

[0102] The arcuate edge 45, delimiting the proximal end 39, passes through the central axis C.

[0103] The edge 47, delimiting the distal end 41, is located in the immediate vicinity of the periphery of the base 31.

[0104] The center line L of the positioning light 37 is substantially radial. The center line L can be defined in the example shown as being the line equidistant from the two edges 43.

[0105] When the rod 17 occupies the proximal end 39, it is located at a first distance from the central axis C. This distance corresponds substantially to the spacing between the longitudinal central axis C' of the rod and the central axis C of the orifice.

[0106] When the rod 17 occupies the distal end 41 of the lumen 37, it is located at a second distance from the central line C of the orifice, greater than the first.

[0107] In the example shown, the blocking light 57 has a general C shape.

[0108] The blocking light 57 is delimited by an outer lateral edge 65 and an inner lateral edge 67, as well as by two end edges 69 connecting the edges 65 and 67 to each other.

[0109] Edge 65 delimits the light on the extrados side, and edge 67 on the intrados side.

[0110] The edges 69 delimit the first and second ends 59, 61 of the blocking light. They are in an arc of a circle, with a radius corresponding substantially to that of the portion 25 of the rod engaged in the light.

[0111] The central line L' is substantially equidistant between the outer edge 65 and the inner edge 67.

[0112] As seen in Figure 6, the inner side edge 67 passes through the central axis C.

[0113] When the rod 17 occupies the first end 59 of the blocking light 57, it is located at the first distance from the central axis C of the orifice. When the rod 17 occupies the second end 61 of the blocking light 57, it is located at the second distance from the central axis C of the orifice.

[0114] In other words, when the rod 17 is located at the proximal end 39 of the positioning lumen 37, then the locking ring 49 is oriented so that the rod 17 occupies the first end 59. Similarly, when the rod 17 occupies the distal end 41 of the positioning lumen 37, the locking ring 49 is oriented so that the rod 17 occupies the second end 61 of the locking lumen 57.

[0115] When the rod 17 occupies an intermediate position between the proximal end 39 and the distal end 41 of the positioning lumen 37, then the locking ring 49 is oriented so that the rod 17 occupies a position of the locking lumen 57 intermediate between the first end 59 and the second end 61.

[0116] The center line L' of the blocking lumen 49 wraps around the central axis C of the orifice, as illustrated in Figure 6. Here we consider the shape of the center line L' in a plane perpendicular to the central axis C.

[0117] This central line L' forms at all points an angle between 60° and 120° with the radial direction passing through said central axis C.

[0118] In other words, if we consider a point on the central line L', the tangent to the central line L' at this point forms an angle between 45° and 135° with the radial direction connecting said point to the central axis C.

[0119] Preferably, this angle is between 70° and 110°, and more preferably is between 80° and 100°.

[0120] As seen in Figure 6, the central axis C of the orifice 7 is located between the first end 59 and the second end 61 of the blocking light 57.

[0121] The central line L' thus wraps around the central axis C in a portion of a spiral. Alternatively, it forms an arc of a circle, or any other suitable curve.

[0122] The fact that the central line L' forms an angle p between 45° and 135° with the radial direction contributes to allowing the rod 17 to be locked in position. The positioning light 37, due to its radial orientation, locks the rod 17 in position in a tangential direction relative to the central axis C. The locking light 57, due to the fact that its central line L' forms an angle between 45° and 135° with the radial direction, locks the rod 17 in position in the radial direction. These two combined effects make it possible to lock the rod 17 in position relative to the plate regardless of the direction in which the shear force is exerted.

[0123] The anchoring device 1 also comprises, for the or each orifice, locking members 71, each locking member 71 being linked to the or one of the rods 17. The locking member 71 urges the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 towards the rear face 11 of the plate 5.

[0124] In other words, it forces the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 to press into the orifice 7.

[0125] Typically, the front end 27 of the rod is threaded, the locking member 71 is a nut, cooperating with the threaded front part 27 of the rod 17.

[0126] Alternatively, the locking member 71 is integral with the front end 27. For example, the locking member is a head similar to the head of a screw. The front end 27 is not threaded. The main part 23, on the other hand, has a threaded rear end engaged in the hole 19 of the civil engineering structure. The rear end cooperates with a tapped hole in the head 21, making it possible to axially adjust the position of the locking member 71.

[0127] The locking member 71, for example, bears directly against the large base 53 of the locking ring 49, the locking ring 49 transmitting the stress to the positioning ring 29.

[0128] Advantageously, the orifice angle a is chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member 71 does not cause the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 to be pushed into the orifice 7.

[0129] To do this, the orifice angle a is chosen to be greater than or equal to a limit A, with

[0130] A = tan -1 (F), where F is the coefficient of static friction of the positioning ring 29 on the plate 5 and / or is the coefficient of static friction of the locking ring 49 on the plate 5.

[0131] The coefficient of static friction depends on the materials constituting the plate, the locking ring and the positioning ring.

[0132] Typically, the plate is made of carbon steel.

[0133] The locking ring and the positioning ring are typically made of the same material, for example also of carbon steel.

[0134] When the positioning ring and the locking ring are made of different materials, the orifice angle is determined for example by considering the larger of the two static friction coefficients, i.e. the larger of the static friction coefficient of the positioning ring on the plate and the static friction coefficient of the locking ring on the plate.

[0135] As described above, the locking member 71 urges the locking ring 49 against the positioning ring 29. The locking ring 49 preferably has a thickness longitudinally chosen so that at least 30% of a longitudinal force applied by the locking member 71 to the locking ring 49 is transmitted to the positioning ring 29.

[0136] Indeed, it is the force applied by the locking member 71 which makes it possible to lock in position both the locking ring 49 relative to the plate 5 and the positioning ring 29 relative to the plate 5. Part of the force applied by the locking member 71 to the locking ring 49 is transmitted directly to the plate 5, via the lateral surface 55 which is pressed against the internal surface of the orifice 7.

[0137] The friction between the two rings also helps to lock the rings in position relative to each other and relative to the plate.

[0138] If the thickness of the locking ring 49 is very large, practically all of the stress applied by the locking member 71 is transmitted directly to the plate 5.

[0139] On the contrary, if the thickness chosen is not too high, a slight deformation of the locking ring 49 occurs under the effect of the stress applied by the locking member 71, this slight deformation making it possible to transmit part of the force applied by the locking member 71 to the positioning ring 29.

[0140] On the other hand, the thickness chosen for the locking ring 49 must not be excessively low, so that the locking ring 49 is mechanically strong enough to withstand, in particular, shear forces. It is imperative in particular that the stud delimited by the inner edge 67, which constitutes the weakest part of the ring, is sufficiently strong with respect to the forces along the central axis C, in particular for the most central positions of the rod in the locking slot 57.

[0141] For example, the thickness of the positioning ring and the thickness of the locking ring are chosen taking into account the following rules:

[0142] - the sum of the thickness of the positioning ring 29 and the thickness of the locking ring 49 is between 50% and 100% of the thickness of the plate 5;

[0143] - the thickness of the locking ring 49 is between 30% and 60% of the thickness of the positioning ring 29.

[0144] Other additional constraints are preferably taken into account:

[0145] - the positioning ring 29 does not come out of the orifice 7 and does not protrude relative to the large rear face 11 of the plate 5, so as not to come into contact with the civil engineering structure;

[0146] - the locking ring 49 comes out of the orifice 7 and projects relative to the large front face 13 of the plate 5, so that the longitudinal force applied by the locking member 71 is applied to the locking ring 49, and not to the plate 5 (case of a washer which protrudes for example).

[0147] Typically, the thicknesses are validated by numerical simulation, to verify different loading cases for shear forces.

[0148] For a plate 5 with a thickness of 20 mm, with rods 17 whose rod has a diameter of 8 mm, the positioning ring 29 can for example be 12.5 mm thick, and the locking ring 49 5.5 mm thick.

[0149] It should be noted that the positioning light 37 and the blocking light 57 are closed contour.

[0150] This contributes to making the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 non-deformable under the effect of the stress applied by the locking member 71, and therefore to preventing the rings from being pushed inside the orifice 7.

[0151] The invention also relates to a method of anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure.

[0152] The anchoring method is specially designed to be implemented using the anchoring device 1 described above. Conversely, the anchoring device 1 is specially adapted for implementing the anchoring method.

[0153] The anchoring process includes the following steps:

[0154] - obtaining a plate 5 for supporting the equipment comprising at least one orifice 7, a large rear face 11 intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure 3 and a large front face 13 opposite the large rear face 11, the or each orifice 7 having a converging frustoconical shape from the large front face 13 towards the large rear face 11 characterized by an orifice angle a;

[0155] - for the or each orifice 7, rigid fixing of a longitudinal rod 17 in the civil engineering structure 3;

[0156] - placement of the plate 5 with the rear face 11 resting against the civil engineering structure 3, the or each rod 17 being engaged in the corresponding orifice 7;

[0157] - placing in the or each orifice 7 a positioning ring 29 having a frustoconical shape characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle a, the positioning ring 29 having an elongated positioning lumen 37 with a proximal end 39 located radially relatively closer to a central axis C of the orifice 7 and a distal end 41 located radially relatively further from the central axis C of the orifice 7, the positioning ring 29 being oriented in the orifice 7 so that the rod 17 passes through the positioning lumen 37;

[0158] - placing in the or each orifice 7 a locking ring 49 having a frustoconical shape characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle a, the locking ring 49 having a locking lumen 57 of elongated shape, the locking ring 57 being oriented in the orifice 7 so that the rod 17 passes through the locking lumen 57;

[0159] - locking in position the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 relative to the plate 5 using a locking member 71 linked to the or each rod 17, the locking member 71 urging the positioning ring 29 and the locking ring 49 towards the rear face 11 of the plate 5.

[0160] The orifice angle a is chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member 71 does not cause the positioning ring 49 and the locking ring 49 to be pushed into the orifice 7.

[0161] The positioning light 37 and the blocking light 57 have shapes chosen so that, at any position of the rod 17 in the positioning light 37, there corresponds a position of the rod 17 in the blocking light 57 such that the rod 17 is blocked in position relative to the plate 5 in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by edges of the positioning light 37 and / or edges of the blocking light 57.

[0162] Platen 5 is as described above.

[0163] The orifice(s) 7 are as described above.

[0164] The positioning ring 29 is as described above, including the positioning light 37.

[0165] The locking ring 49 is as described above, including the locking light 57.

[0166] The anchoring device and the anchoring method can have multiple variations.

[0167] In the example above, the positioning ring is located towards the civil engineering structure, i.e. towards the rear face of the plate, and the locking ring is located towards the front face of the plate. The locking member urges the locking ring against the positioning ring. Alternatively, the locking ring is located towards the rear, and the positioning ring is located towards the front. The locking member urges the positioning ring against the locking ring. In this case, the thickness of the positioning ring is chosen to allow transmission of the forces applied by the locking member to the locking ring.

[0168] The positioning lumen is not necessarily radial. It could have other shapes. In particular, it could have an arcuate shape and not be straight and radial. Similarly, the blocking lumen does not necessarily have a C-shape of the type shown in Figure 6. It has any other suitable shape.

[0169] In the anchoring method, the positioning ring and / or the locking ring may be placed in the hole before inserting the rods into the holes. The locking ring may be inserted into the hole before the positioning ring. It is then located towards the rear and the positioning ring towards the front.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Device for anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure (3), the anchoring device (1) comprising: - a plate (5) for supporting the equipment comprising at least one orifice (7), a large rear face (11) intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure (3) and a large front face (13) opposite the large rear face (11), each orifice (7) having a converging truncated cone shape from the large front face (13) towards the large rear face (11) characterized by an orifice angle (a); - for the or each orifice (7), a longitudinal rod (17) engaged in the orifice (7) and intended to be rigidly fixed in the civil engineering structure (3); - for the or each orifice (7), a positioning ring (29) having a frustoconical shape characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle (a), the positioning ring (29) having an elongated positioning lumen (37) with a proximal end (39) located radially relatively closer to a central axis (C) of the orifice (7) and a distal end (41) radially relatively further from said central axis (C), the positioning ring (29) being engaged in the orifice (7), the rod (17) passing through the positioning lumen (29); - for the or each orifice (7), a locking ring (49) having a frustoconical shape characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle (a), the locking ring (49) having an elongated locking light (57), the locking ring (49) being engaged in the orifice (7), the rod (17) passing through the locking light (57); - for the or each orifice (7), a locking member (71) linked to the or one of the rods (17) and urging the positioning ring (29) and the locking ring (49) towards the rear face (11) of the plate (5); the orifice angle (a) being chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member (71) does not cause the positioning ring (29) and the locking ring (49) to be pushed into the orifice (7); the positioning light (37) and the blocking light (57) having shapes chosen so that, at any determined position of the rod (17) in the positioning light (37) there corresponds a corresponding position of the rod (17) in the blocking light (57) such that the rod (17) is blocked in position relative to the plate (5) in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by edges of the positioning light (37) and / or edges of the blocking light (57).

2. Anchoring device according to claim 1, in which at any determined position of the rod (17) in the positioning light (37), a central axis longitudinal (C') of the rod (17) occupies a defined position along a center line (L) of the positioning light (37) and occupies a corresponding position defined along a center line (L') of the blocking light (57), a tangent (T) to the center line (L) of the positioning light (37) at the defined position and a tangent (T) to the center line (L') of the blocking light (57) at the corresponding defined position forming between them an angle (P) of between 45° and 135°.

3. Anchoring device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the positioning light (37) is radial relative to the central axis (C) of the orifice (7).

4. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the positioning light (37) is delimited at its proximal end (39) by an arcuate edge (45) passing through the central axis (C) of the orifice (7).

5. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the blocking light (57) has a general U shape.

6. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the blocking light (57) has a central line (L') winding around the central axis (C) of the orifice (7) and forming at all points an angle of between 60° and 120° with the radial direction passing through said central axis (C).

7. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the central axis (C) of the orifice (7) is located between a first end (59) and a second end (61) of the blocking light (57).

8. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the orifice angle (a) is greater than A= tan -1 (F), where F is the coefficient of static friction of the positioning ring (29) on the plate (5) and / or is the coefficient of static friction of the locking ring (49) on the plate (5).

9. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the locking member (71) urges the locking ring (49) against the positioning ring (29), the locking ring (49) having a thickness longitudinally chosen so that at least 30% of a longitudinal force applied by the locking member (71) to the locking ring (49) is transmitted to the positioning ring (29).

10. Anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the positioning light (37) and the blocking light (57) have closed contours.

11. Method of anchoring equipment to a civil engineering structure, the method comprising the following steps: - obtaining a support plate (5) for the equipment comprising at least one orifice (7), a large rear face (11) intended to be turned towards the civil engineering structure (3) and a large front face (13) opposite the large rear face (11), the or each orifice (7) having a converging truncated cone shape from the large front face (13) towards the large rear face (11) characterized by an orifice angle (a); - for the or each orifice (7), rigid fixing of a longitudinal rod (17) in the civil engineering structure (3); - placement of the plate (5) with the rear face (11) resting against the civil engineering structure (3), the or each rod (17) being engaged in the corresponding orifice (7); - placing in the or each orifice (7) a positioning ring (29) having a frustoconical shape characterized by a first ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle (a), the positioning ring (29) having an elongated positioning lumen (37) with a proximal end (39) located radially relatively closer to the central axis (C) of the orifice (7) and a distal end (4) located radially relatively further from the central axis (C) of the orifice (7), the positioning ring (29) being oriented in the orifice (7) so that the rod (17) passes through the positioning lumen (37); - placing in the or each orifice (7) a locking ring (49) having a truncated cone shape characterized by a second ring angle substantially equal to the orifice angle (a), the locking ring (49) having an elongated locking light (57), the locking ring (49) being oriented in the orifice (7) so that the rod (17) passes through the locking light (57); - locking in position the positioning ring (29) and the locking ring (49) relative to the plate (5) using a locking member (71) linked to the or each rod (17), the locking member (71) urging the positioning ring (29) and the locking ring (49) towards the rear face (11) of the plate (5); the orifice angle (a) being chosen so that the stress applied by the locking member (71) does not cause the positioning ring (29) and the locking ring (49) to be pushed into the orifice (7);the positioning light (37) and the blocking light (57) having shapes chosen so that, at any position of the rod (17) in the positioning light (37) there corresponds a position of the rod (17) in the blocking light (57) such that the rod (17) is blocked in position relative to the plate (5) in all directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by edges of the positioning light (37) and / or edges of the blocking light (57).;

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