Method and apparatus for adjusting energy during pre-stack data merging, and device and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing. Provided are a method and apparatus for adjusting energy during pre-stack data merging, and a device and a storage medium. The method comprises: on the basis of a seismic data shift of a plurality of survey regions, forming a first data volume before energy adjustment; performing gain adjustment on the first data volume, so as to obtain a second data volume; extracting sample points from the first data volume to obtain a first sample, and extracting sample points from the second data volume to obtain a second sample; extracting an envelope from the first sample and an envelope from the second sample; for each seismic trace, using, as an initial energy adjustment coefficient for the seismic trace, the ratio of the value corresponding to a first envelope surface of the seismic trace to the value corresponding to a second envelope surface of the seismic trace, and forming an initial energy adjustment coefficient volume on the basis of initial energy adjustment coefficients for all the seismic traces; and sequentially performing temporal and spatial smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, so as to form a target energy adjustment coefficient volume. The present invention maintains temporal energy characteristics while making spatial energy uniform and eliminating structural artifacts in a merged region.

Description

Pre-stack joint energy adjustment method, device, equipment and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and in particular to a pre-stack joint energy adjustment method, a pre-stack joint energy adjustment device, a device and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Regional, integrated seismic interpretation and stratigraphic and lithologic correlation require extensive seismic observation data. The splicing and integrated interpretation of large seismic profiles requires a network of survey lines spanning the entire region. Post-stack splicing can quickly and efficiently form a regional survey network, but this method struggles to achieve a reasonable transition between the intersections of different survey lines. It can only structurally eliminate closure errors, satisfying the interpretation requirements of structural patterns, but it cannot transform data from different work areas into a single entity that truly reflects the subsurface structure, making further detailed interpretation impossible. Therefore, pre-stack concatenation is necessary for key structural areas. Specifically, this involves unifying the seismic data from each work area within the pre-stack gathers of the seismic data, including observation system definition, noise suppression, wavelet consistency, and energy consistency processing. Pre-stack concatenation can unify pre-stack data from different work areas into a single, integrated data set that truly reflects the subsurface structure.

[0003] The difference in energy between different regions will cause the energy of the offset gathers on both sides of the overlapping position to be unable to completely cancel each other out, resulting in serious offset noise and forming a structural illusion, which is not conducive to the interpretation of the location. Offset noise refers to the noise that cannot be completely canceled out by the offset arc due to differences in gather energy and velocity, among which the different gather energies will greatly affect the generation of offset arc energy. At the same time, in order to achieve energy uniformity during the pre-stack splicing process, a unified energy balancing process is usually performed on the entire area. At present, the above-mentioned energy balancing process can eliminate the energy differences in the spatial direction of the spliced ​​survey network, unify the energy of the entire area, eliminate offset noise, and facilitate the interpretation of the underground structure and the depiction of the closure outline. However, this method will completely change the energy characteristics in the time direction, destroy the expression of the geological significance of energy in the time direction, and is not conducive to the interpretation of further descriptions of lithologic changes, oil and gas content and other properties by interpreters.

[0004] Therefore, how to unify the energy distribution in the spatial direction while maintaining the energy characteristics in the temporal direction is one of the difficulties that needs to be overcome in pre-stack concatenation processing technology.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a pre-stack joint energy adjustment method, a pre-stack joint energy adjustment device, a device and a storage medium to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the pre-stack joint energy adjustment scheme based on energy balance cannot retain the energy characteristics in the time direction when achieving energy uniformity in the entire area.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for adjusting energy of a pre-stacked joint, the method comprising:

[0008] The seismic data of multiple work areas are unified into a grid and then subjected to migration processing to obtain a first data volume of an initial energy state;

[0009] Performing time-sharing window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain a gain-adjusted second data body;

[0010] Extracting sample points from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, wherein all sample points from each seismic trace constitute a first sample corresponding to the seismic trace; and extracting sample points from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, wherein all sample points from each seismic trace constitute a second sample corresponding to the seismic trace;

[0011] Extracting a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, wherein the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0012] For each seismic trace, the values ​​of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace are divided accordingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces are used to form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body;

[0013] The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0014] Optionally, extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is specifically:

[0015] Performing Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace;

[0016] Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

[0017] Optionally, in the smoothing process in the time direction and the space direction is performed on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in sequence, the smoothing process in the time direction is specifically:

[0018] Using the first formula to perform time-direction smoothing processing on each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining a first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point position at the seismic trace in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0019] The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient body;

[0020] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the xth sample point at the Nth seismic channel, s is the preset time direction smoothing scale, f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point on the N-th seismic channel.

[0021] Optionally, in the sequentially performing smoothing processing in the time direction and the space direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the smoothing processing in the space direction is specifically:

[0022] Using the second formula, spatial direction smoothing processing is performed on each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and a target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point is obtained in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0023] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions;

[0024] Wherein, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point, and s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

[0025] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0026] Perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction to complete the energy adjustment. The CMP gathers after energy adjustment are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained through reaction correction, which will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

[0027] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-stack connection energy adjustment device, the device comprising:

[0028] A first data volume generation module is used to unify the seismic data of multiple work areas into a grid and perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume of an initial energy state;

[0029] A second data body generating module is used to perform time-sharing window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain a gain-adjusted second data body;

[0030] a sample extraction module, configured to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, wherein all sample points from each seismic trace constitute a first sample corresponding to the seismic trace; and to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, wherein all sample points from each seismic trace constitute a second sample corresponding to the seismic trace;

[0031] An envelope extraction module, configured to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, wherein the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0032] An initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is configured to divide the values ​​of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of each seismic trace accordingly, and use the result of the division as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0033] The smoothing processing module is used to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0034] Optionally, the specific process of the envelope extraction module extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows:

[0035] Performing Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace;

[0036] Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

[0037] Optionally, the specific process of the smoothing processing module performing the time-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is as follows:

[0038] Using the first formula to perform time-direction smoothing processing on each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining a first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point position at the seismic trace in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0039] The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient body;

[0040] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the xth sample point at the Nth seismic channel, s is the preset time direction smoothing scale, f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point on the N-th seismic channel.

[0041] Optionally, when the smoothing processing module sequentially performs smoothing processing in the time direction and the space direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of the smoothing processing in the space direction is as follows:

[0042] Using the second formula, spatial direction smoothing processing is performed on each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and a target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point is obtained in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0043] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions;

[0044] Wherein, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point, and s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

[0045] Optionally, the device also includes an energy adjustment module, which is used to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP data sets of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP data sets after dynamic correction to complete the energy adjustment. The CMP data sets after energy adjustment are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration data set data body can be obtained through the reaction correction, and the data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

[0046] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, a pre-stack connection energy adjustment method as described in the first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention is implemented.

[0047] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for adjusting energy of pre-stack connection according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention is implemented.

[0048] The above technical solution, based on the technical route of spatial smoothing envelope, determines the target energy adjustment coefficient volume for pre-stack concatenation energy adjustment. Compared with the existing technology, the determined target energy adjustment coefficient volume adjusts the energy differences of seismic data in different work areas, achieving energy consistency in the spatial direction. At the same time, it eliminates the structural artifacts caused by offset noise at the overlapping positions of different work areas during pre-stack concatenation. It can be seen that the energy adjustment method implemented by the present invention improves the overall structural interpretability. At the same time, after the energy adjustment, the original energy characteristics in the time direction are maintained, and the interpretability of properties such as lithologic changes and oil and gas content is also ensured.

[0049] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following detailed description, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0051] FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for adjusting energy before stacking and joining slices according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG2 is another schematic flow chart of a method for adjusting energy before stacking and joining slices according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the original superimposed cross section;

[0054] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a uniform amplitude energy level;

[0055] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the normalized superposition of the original profile sample points and the gain profile sample points;

[0056] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an envelope surface of a first sample corresponding to a first seismic trace;

[0057] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an envelope surface of the second sample corresponding to the first seismic trace;

[0058] FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing a result of performing time-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first seismic trace;

[0059] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a target energy adjustment coefficient body;

[0060] FIG10 is a diagram showing a result of prestack migration using a target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to illustrate the effective suppression of migration noise at the overlap position);

[0061] FIG11 is another result diagram of prestack migration using the target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to characterize the normalized autocorrelation degree of the energy characteristics in the time direction before and after the energy adjustment). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following describes the specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Method Example

[0064] The present invention provides a pre-stack joint energy adjustment method for adjusting the energy of multiple target work areas during pre-stack jointing. Referring to FIG1 , the specific implementation steps of the pre-stack joint energy adjustment method are as follows:

[0065] S100. The seismic data from multiple work areas are unified into a grid and then subjected to migration and superposition processing to obtain a first data volume in its initial energy state. This first data volume is the migrated data volume before energy adjustment. This first data volume is denoted as SECTION1-RAW. At this point, the seismic records contain migration noise and inconsistent energy in spatial directions.

[0066] It should be understood that in S100, the algorithm module to be used for unified gridding and offset processing must first be determined. However, the specific algorithm module used for unified gridding and offset processing is not the inventive concept of the embodiments of the present invention. That is, the method for performing unified gridding and offset processing on seismic data from multiple different work areas can employ any technical means capable of implementing offset in conventional embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this aspect. For example, in one embodiment, seismic data from different work areas are subjected to a unified observation system definition using seismic data processing software. After unified gridding and offset processing, a first data volume is obtained. The seismic profile corresponding to the first data volume can be referred to as an original stacked profile.

[0067] S200. Perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment. The second data volume is the data volume obtained by performing gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW using a conventional automatic gain control method. The second data volume is denoted as SECTION1-AMP. At this point, the seismic records have been post-stacked to eliminate spatial energy inconsistencies in the seismic data from different work areas.

[0068] It should be understood that in S200, the first step is to determine which gain adjustment method to use. However, the specific gain adjustment method is not the key to the invention of the present embodiment. That is, the gain adjustment method can adopt any technical means that can achieve gain adjustment in ordinary embodiments, and the present embodiment does not specifically limit this part. For example, in one embodiment, the automatic gain control module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform time-sharing window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to eliminate spatial amplitude inconsistencies. The seismic profile corresponding to the second data volume can be called a gain stacking profile.

[0069] S300. Sample points are extracted from each seismic trace in the first data volume, SECTION1-RAW, with all the sample points in each seismic trace constituting a first sample corresponding to that seismic trace. Sample points are also extracted from each seismic trace in the second data volume, SECTION1-AMP, with all the sample points in each seismic trace constituting a second sample corresponding to that seismic trace. The first sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace is denoted as CMPNR, and the second sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace is denoted as CMPNA, where the minimum value of N is 1 and the maximum value is the maximum number of traces in the seismic profile.

[0070] S400. Extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0071] For example, in one embodiment, the envelope is extracted based on the Hilbert transform method, so a specific implementation process of S400 is as follows:

[0072] S401. Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope of the seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as En R N (x)=|H[CMP R N (x)]|, where H[] represents the Hilbert transform function, CMP R N (x) represents the x-th sample point in the first sample corresponding to the N-th seismic trace, En R N (x) indicates CMP R N (x) Envelope surface obtained after Hilbert transform.

[0073] S402. Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope of the seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as En A N (x)=|H[CMP AN (x)]|, where CMP A N (x) represents the x-th sample point in the second sample corresponding to the N-th seismic trace, En A N (x) indicates CMP A N (x) Envelope surface obtained after Hilbert transform.

[0074] S500. For each seismic trace, the values ​​of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace are divided accordingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces. Among them, the above-mentioned corresponding division can be understood in conjunction with Figures 6 and 7, specifically referring to: dividing the ordinate of the point with abscissa t0 in Figure 6 (the value of the first envelope surface at this point) with the ordinate of the point with abscissa t0 in Figure 7 (the value of the second envelope surface at this point), that is, the ratio of the above two ordinates is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the corresponding seismic trace at point t0. The initial energy adjustment coefficient obtained at this time is an intermediate value.

[0075] S600. Smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient volume for facilitating pre-stack joint energy adjustment.

[0076] For example, in one embodiment:

[0077] S600. Smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume, so as to facilitate pre-stack joint energy adjustment;

[0078] A specific process of smoothing in the time direction is as follows:

[0079] Using the first formula to perform time-direction smoothing processing on each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining a first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point position at the seismic trace in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0080] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is formed by the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample points of all seismic channels;

[0081] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point at the N-th seismic channel; s is the preset time direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s] and is an integer; f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point on the N-th seismic channel.

[0082] It can be seen that the preset time direction smoothing scale can be differentiated according to the different seismic data in the target work area.

[0083] For example, in one embodiment:

[0084] S600. Smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume, so as to facilitate pre-stack joint energy adjustment;

[0085] After the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of the spatial direction smoothing is as follows:

[0086] Using the second formula, spatial direction smoothing processing is performed on each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and a target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point is obtained in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0087] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point locations;

[0088] Among them, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body; is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point; s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s'] and is an integer.

[0089] It can be seen that the preset spatial direction smoothing scale can be differentiated according to the different seismic data in the target work area.

[0090] For example, in one embodiment, a preferred implementation process of S600 is:

[0091] S601. Use the first formula to perform time-direction smoothing on each sample point position on a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, obtaining a one-to-one correspondence between the first energy adjustment coefficients for each sample point position on the seismic trace, and then forming a first energy adjustment coefficient volume from the first energy adjustment coefficients for all sample points on all seismic traces;

[0092] S602. Use the second formula to perform spatial smoothing on each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, obtaining a one-to-one correspondence between target energy adjustment coefficients for each seismic trace at the sample point, and then constructing a target energy adjustment coefficient volume from the target energy adjustment coefficients for all seismic traces at all sample points.

[0093] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point at the N-th seismic channel; s is the preset time direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s] and is an integer; f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point at the N-th seismic trace;

[0094] The second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body; is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point; s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s'] and is an integer.

[0095] Optionally, in conjunction with FIG2 , the pre-stack connection energy adjustment method proposed in the present invention further includes the following implementation steps:

[0096] S700. Perform dynamic movement correction on the prestack CMP gathers in all work areas and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the prestack CMP gathers after dynamic movement correction to complete energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are then used for back-movement correction. Back-movement correction yields a prestack migration gather data volume, which serves as the original data volume for prestack migration processing. Dynamic movement correction refers to time correction used to eliminate the normal time difference between seismic waves arriving at different detectors. Back-movement correction is the inverse process of dynamic movement correction.

[0097] It should be understood that in S700, it is first necessary to determine which dynamic correction and counter-correction methods to use, as well as how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction, thereby completing energy adjustment. However, the dynamic correction and counter-correction methods to use, and how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction, are not the inventive points of the embodiments of the present invention. That is, the dynamic correction method can adopt any technical means that can achieve dynamic correction in ordinary embodiments, the counter-correction method can adopt any technical means that can achieve counter-correction in ordinary embodiments, and the method of applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to complete energy adjustment can adopt any technical means that can achieve application of energy adjustment coefficients in ordinary embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this part. For example, in one embodiment, the dynamic correction module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers, and the energy adjustment module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform energy adjustment on the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction.

[0098] For example, in one embodiment:

[0099] S700. Performing dynamic movement correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers of all work areas, and applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic movement correction to complete energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are then used for subsequent back-movement correction. Through the back-movement correction, a pre-stack migration gather data volume is obtained, which will serve as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

[0100] The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction to complete the energy adjustment. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0101] SS1. Apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacking section to obtain the energy-adjusted stacking section;

[0102] SS2. Use the energy-adjusted stack profile as the model trace to perform energy adjustment on the pre-stack CMP gathers after NMO correction.

[0103] Among them, the "adjust data volume energy according to coefficient" option in the energy balance module of the seismic data processing software can be used to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacking section, so as to obtain a stacking section that eliminates the energy inconsistency in the spatial direction and maintains the original relative amplitude properties in the time direction, which serves as a model channel for subsequent energy adjustment.

[0104] The present invention extracts the envelope surface of a first sample extracted from the original stack profile using a Hilbert transform method, and extracts the envelope surface of a second sample extracted from the gain stack profile using a Hilbert transform method. The ratio of the two envelope surfaces is determined as an initial energy adjustment coefficient. Based on the technical concept of envelope smoothing, the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is then smoothed in both the temporal and spatial directions to obtain a final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. The obtained target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to energy processing for pre-stack concatenation, for example, by executing step S700. While eliminating energy differences in the spatial direction and maintaining energy consistency in the spatial direction, the offset noise in the overlapping portions of different work areas is suppressed, thereby improving structural interpretability, eliminating structural artifacts, and avoiding interpreters' misinterpretation of overlapping portions of different work areas. Furthermore, the original energy trend in the temporal direction is well maintained before and after energy adjustment, ensuring the interpretability of properties such as lithologic changes and oil and gas content, providing strong technical support for pre-stack concatenation processing in key areas.

[0105] Taking the contiguous treatment of the S1 and S2 work areas in the Tarim Basin as an example, the following details a specific application process of the above method:

[0106] A1. In the GEOEAST software, the data from the S1 and S2 work areas were uniformly defined as an observation system. After conventional processing, the original stacked profile was obtained, as shown in Figure 3.

[0107] A2. Using the automatic gain control module of the GEOEAST software, the original stacked profile obtained in step A1 is subjected to gain adjustment to obtain a gain stacked profile. This eliminates the inconsistency of the amplitude in the spatial direction. The result after gain adjustment is shown in Figure 4.

[0108] A3. Extract all sample points of the first trace in the original stacked profile to form a first sample corresponding to the seismic trace, and extract all sample points of the first trace in the gained stacked profile to form a second sample corresponding to the seismic trace;

[0109] A4. Based on the Hilbert transform, extract the envelope surface of the first sample and the envelope surface of the second sample obtained in step A3, and divide the two envelope surfaces accordingly to obtain the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first channel;

[0110] A5. Repeat steps A3 and A4 for all remaining seismic traces to obtain initial energy adjustment coefficients for all seismic traces, and construct an initial energy adjustment coefficient body from all initial energy adjustment coefficients. FIG5 shows a result of normalizing and superimposing the first sample and the second sample, FIG6 shows a first envelope surface corresponding to the first sample of the first seismic trace, and FIG7 shows a second envelope surface corresponding to the second sample of the first seismic trace;

[0111] A6. Select an appropriate time-direction smoothing scale and smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction. For example, set the time-direction smoothing window length to 100ms. The time-direction smoothing result of the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first seismic trace is shown in Figure 8.

[0112] A7. Select an appropriate spatial smoothing scale and perform spatial smoothing on the first energy adjustment coefficient volume obtained after time smoothing to obtain the final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. For example, if the spatial smoothing window length is set to 100m, which is represented by five traces in the seismic data, the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is shown in Figure 9.

[0113] A8. Use the "Adjust data volume energy according to coefficient" option in the energy equalization module of GEOEAST software to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacked section. This will eliminate the energy inconsistency in the spatial direction and maintain the original relative amplitude properties in the temporal direction. This will serve as the model channel for energy adjustment.

[0114] A9. Performing dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers of the S1 and S2 work areas using the dynamic correction module in the GEOEAST software. Using the stack profile obtained in step A8 after energy adjustment as the model trace, perform energy adjustment on the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction using the energy adjustment module in the GEOEAST software.

[0115] A10. Use the dynamic correction module in the GEOEAST software to perform back-movement correction on the energy-adjusted CMP gathers obtained in step A9 to obtain a pre-stack migration gather data volume. Migration processing is performed using this data volume. The pre-stack migration results are shown in Figures 10 and 11.

[0116] As can be seen from Figure 10, the final offset result effectively suppresses the offset noise in the splicing area, and in the superimposed profile after the offset, the dynamic amplitude attribute value drops from 38dB before the energy adjustment to 12dB, and the energy level is unified in the spatial direction. It can be seen that the energy inconsistency in the spatial direction is eliminated. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 11, after the energy adjustment, the normalized autocorrelation value of the amplitude in the time direction and the original amplitude is maintained above 0.9, which shows that the relative amplitude energy retention characteristic is maintained in the time direction. Finally, by comparing Figures 3, 4, 10 and 11, it is confirmed that the present invention is effective in suppressing the offset noise of the overlapping position and unifying the energy distribution in the spatial direction while ensuring the energy characteristics in the time direction.

[0117] Device embodiment

[0118] An embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-stack joint energy adjustment device, comprising a first data volume generation module, a second data volume generation module, a sample extraction module, an envelope extraction module, an initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module and a smoothing processing module connected in sequence.

[0119] The first data volume generation module is used to unify the seismic data of multiple work areas into a unified grid and perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume of an initial energy state.

[0120] The second data body generating module is used to perform time-sharing window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain a gain-adjusted second data body.

[0121] The sample extraction module is used to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, and all sample points from each seismic trace constitute the first sample corresponding to the seismic trace; and to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, and all sample points from each seismic trace constitute the second sample corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0122] The envelope extraction module is used to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0123] The initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is used to divide the values ​​of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of each seismic trace accordingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0124] The smoothing processing module is used to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0125] Optionally, the specific process of the envelope extraction module extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows:

[0126] Performing Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace;

[0127] Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

[0128] Optionally, the specific process of the smoothing processing module performing time-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is as follows:

[0129] Using the first formula to perform time-direction smoothing processing on each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining a first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point position at the seismic trace in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0130] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is formed by the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample points of all seismic channels;

[0131] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point at the N-th seismic channel; s is the preset time direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s] and is an integer; f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the x-th sample point on the N-th seismic channel.

[0132] Optionally, when the smoothing processing module sequentially performs smoothing processing in the time direction and the space direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of the smoothing processing in the space direction is as follows:

[0133] Using the second formula, spatial direction smoothing processing is performed on each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and a target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point is obtained in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0134] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point locations;

[0135] Among them, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body; is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point; s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale; i is a variable whose range is [1, s'] and is an integer.

[0136] Optionally, the pre-stack joint energy adjustment device also includes an energy adjustment module, which is used to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gathers after dynamic correction to complete the energy adjustment. The CMP gathers after energy adjustment are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration gather data body can be obtained through the reaction correction, and the data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

[0137] It should be understood that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the present embodiment without inventive effort.

[0138] In yet another aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the pre-stack joint energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment is implemented. The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the processor executes the computer program, the pre-stack joint energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment is implemented. The present invention further provides a computer program product comprising a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium. When the processor executes the computer program, the pre-stack joint energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment is implemented.

[0139] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-stack continuous slice energy adjustment method, characterized in that, The method includes: Unifying the seismic data of multiple work areas into a grid and then performing migration processing to obtain a first data volume in an initial energy state; Performing time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment; Respectively extracting the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data volume, and all the samples of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace, and respectively extracting the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data volume, and all the samples of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace; Extracting a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample; For each seismic trace, dividing the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of this seismic trace correspondingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of this seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient volume; Performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

2. The pre-stack continuous slice energy adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein The extraction of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is specifically: Performing Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of this seismic trace; Performing Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of this seismic trace.

3. The pre-stack continuous slice energy adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein In the smoothing processing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, the smoothing processing in the time direction is specifically: Using the first formula to perform smoothing processing in the time direction at each sample position of a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, and correspondingly obtaining the first energy adjustment coefficient at each sample position of this seismic trace; The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient volume; Among them, the first formula is as follows: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

4. The pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the smoothing processing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, after performing the smoothing processing in the time direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the smoothing processing in the space direction is specifically: Using the second formula to perform smoothing processing in the space direction on each seismic trace at a single sample position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and correspondingly obtaining the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at this sample position; The target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample positions form a target energy adjustment coefficient volume; Among them, the second formula is as follows: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample position, and s' is a preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

5. The pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes: Performing dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gather after dynamic correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse dynamic correction, and the pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained through inverse dynamic correction, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

6. A pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device, characterized in that, The device includes: A first data volume generation module, configured to unify the seismic data of multiple work areas into a grid and then perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume in an initial energy state; The second data body generation module is configured to perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain a second data body after gain adjustment; The sample extraction module is configured to extract sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form a first sample corresponding to the seismic trace, and to extract sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form a second sample corresponding to the seismic trace; The envelope extraction module is configured to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample; The initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is configured to, for each seismic trace, divide the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace correspondingly, and use the result of the division as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body; The smoothing processing module is configured to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient body.

7. The pre-stack splicing energy adjustment device according to claim 6, wherein The specific process for the envelope extraction module to extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows: Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace; Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

8. The pre-stack contiguous area energy adjustment device according to claim 6, wherein The specific process for the smoothing processing module to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction is as follows: Perform time-direction smoothing processing on the sample point positions of a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body by using a first formula, and correspondingly obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point position of the seismic trace; The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient body; Among them, the first formula is as follows: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

9. The pre-stack continuous patch energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the smoothing processing module performs smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, after performing time-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient body, the specific process for space-direction smoothing processing is as follows: Perform space-direction smoothing processing on the seismic traces of a single sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body by using a second formula, and correspondingly obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point position; The target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions form a target energy adjustment coefficient body; Among them, the second formula is as follows: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position, and s' is a preset space-direction smoothing scale.

10. The pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes an energy adjustment module. The energy adjustment module is configured to perform NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse NMO correction. Through inverse NMO correction, a pre-stack migration gather data body can be obtained, and this data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

11. A device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements a pre-stack splicing energy adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

12. A storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a pre-stack continuous slice energy adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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