Seismic data removal processing method, system and equipment and medium
By using post-stack seismic attribute values and interpolation methods to estimate the underwater resection time, the problem of long processing time for irregular boundary 3D seismic data was solved, achieving efficient underwater resection results, reducing the labor intensity of processing personnel and shortening the processing cycle.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for processing irregular boundary 3D seismic data, such as the underwater resection method, are time-consuming and require a lot of manual adjustments, which leads to a longer processing cycle and increased labor intensity for personnel.
The bottom cut-off time for each seismic trace is determined by using post-stack seismic attribute values, and the unknown bottom cut-off time is estimated by contour interpolation or linear fitting. Bottom cut-off is achieved by combining smoothing and trace-by-trace matching, reducing manual intervention.
It shortened the processing cycle of irregular boundary 3D seismic data, reduced the labor intensity of processing personnel, improved project operation efficiency, and ensured the accuracy of the resection effect and the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploration technology and relates to seismic data processing for petroleum and natural gas exploration and development. Specifically, it is a method for rapidly defining the underwater excision of irregular boundary three-dimensional seismic data. Background Technology
[0002] Removal is an unavoidable and often overlooked step in the conventional time-domain processing of seismic data. The essence of removal is to eliminate useless signals and retain effective signals, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
[0003] Bottom cutting (or "top cutting"), as a type of resection, plays a significant role in maintaining clean and neat post-stack seismic profiles. Currently, the methods and principles for defining bottom cutting in domestic and international industry-specific processing software are largely the same: manually defining control points, interpolating the cut line from these control points, and "zeroing" the seismic data above the cut line to achieve the bottom cutting effect. Essentially, this method uses a single mathematical linear interpolation of discrete control points to obtain the cut time for each trace; the corresponding mathematical model is three-dimensional linear interpolation. Therefore, the manually defined discrete control points become a key factor affecting the cutting effect.
[0004] For 3D seismic data with regular boundaries, the noise distribution is relatively simple, and the interpolation results with fewer control points can easily adapt to the profile, so fewer manually defined control points are needed. For 3D seismic data with irregular boundaries, due to the limitations of current migration processing algorithms, irregular areas often produce more distortion and noise, and the distortion distribution is relatively chaotic. The current interpolation algorithm is simple linear interpolation, which has low adaptability to seismic profiles with irregular boundaries. It is necessary to continuously add control points manually, and the probability of needing to manually adjust the control points in the interpolation results is relatively high, which increases the repetitive workload of the processing personnel.
[0005] Therefore, the limitations of the interpolation algorithm mean that the above-mentioned bottom cutting method is more suitable for processing 3D seismic data with regular boundaries. For bottom cutting of 3D seismic data with irregular boundaries, it is necessary to add control points to adapt to the profile, which requires more time to process data with irregular boundaries and affects the normal processing cycle of the project.
[0006] Meanwhile, due to environmental limitations in field data acquisition and the actual data requirements of oilfields, irregular boundaries of 3D seismic work areas have become the norm. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a bottom removal method adapted to 3D seismic data with irregular boundaries, so as to shorten the processing time for data with irregular boundaries, thereby improving project operation efficiency, shortening the data processing cycle, and reducing the labor intensity of repetitive work for processing personnel. Summary of the Invention
[0007] This invention provides a method, system, device, and medium for seismic data cut-off processing. It is highly adaptable to irregular boundary 3D seismic data, and can shorten the data processing cycle, reduce the labor intensity of processing personnel, and thus improve project operation efficiency.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a method for seismic data removal processing, which utilizes post-stack seismic attribute values to find the underwater removal time corresponding to each seismic trace, and then fills the amplitude values above the underwater removal time to zero to achieve the underwater removal effect, specifically including the following steps:
[0009] S1. Analyze and process seismic data to generate seismic attributes with minimum shot-receiver distance;
[0010] S2. Use the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute to determine the "full coverage" boundary and the "single coverage" boundary and give the corresponding bottom cut-off time, and then use the contour interpolation method to calculate the unknown bottom cut-off time.
[0011] S3. Smooth the estimated underwater resection time;
[0012] S4. Application of cut-off timetable: All underwater cut-off times are written into the seismic trace head by matching each trace, and the amplitude values above the underwater cut-off time are filled to zero.
[0013] As a limitation of the present invention, the method for generating the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute in step S1 is as follows: all shot-receiver distance values of each shot in the seismic data are retrieved and compared, and the minimum value is the minimum shot-receiver distance of that shot; the minimum shot-receiver distances of all shots are displayed according to coordinate distribution, which is the minimum shot-receiver distance attribute.
[0014] As another limitation of the present invention, in step S2, the underwater resection time can also be determined by formula fitting method, specifically as follows:
[0015] The bottom cut-off time of the target line is defined manually, then the minimum shot-receiver distance of the target line is derived, and the relationship between the bottom cut-off time and the minimum shot-receiver distance is determined by formula fitting method. Finally, the unknown bottom cut-off time is calculated by using this relationship.
[0016] As a further limitation of the present invention, the linear fitting formula for the minimum shot-receiver distance and the bottom cut-off time is as follows:
[0017] y = -5E-06x 2 +0.4901x+239.99
[0018] In the formula, x refers to the minimum shot-receiver distance corresponding to the seismic trace, and y refers to the underwater cut-off time corresponding to the seismic trace.
[0019] As a third limitation of the present invention, the smoothing process in step S3 is performed by averaging the sampling point values in the I NL direction and the CRL direction.
[0020] The present invention also discloses a system for seismic data removal processing, which is used to implement the seismic data removal processing method described above, comprising:
[0021] Minimum shot-receiver distance generation module: used to search and compare all shot-receiver distance values for each shot in the seismic data, find the minimum shot-receiver distance for each shot, and display the minimum shot-receiver distances of all shots according to coordinate distribution;
[0022] Removal Time Calculation Module: Used to calculate unknown underwater removal time using contour interpolation or linear fitting methods;
[0023] Resection Time Processing Module: This module smooths the estimated underwater resection time to ensure that the predicted results better match the expectation of a perfect resection.
[0024] The underwater cut-off time application module is used to write all underwater cut-off times into the seismic trace head by matching each trace one by one, and to fill the amplitude values above the underwater cut-off time to zero, so as to achieve the underwater cut-off effect.
[0025] The present invention also discloses an electronic device, including at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor; when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the seismic data stripping processing method as described above.
[0026] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the seismic data stripping processing method described above.
[0027] By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:
[0028] This invention utilizes post-stack seismic attribute values to determine the seabed cut-off time corresponding to each seismic trace. By zeroing off amplitude values above the seabed cut-off time, the seabed cut-off effect is achieved. This invention is less affected by the regularity of the work area boundaries, and the predicted seabed cut-off time for each trace shows good matching with the profile, effectively removing distortion while preserving valid signals. This invention is highly adaptable to irregular boundary 3D seismic data, shortening the data processing cycle, reducing the workload of repetitive steps for processing personnel, and thus improving project operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0030] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the relationship between the test line cut-off time and seismic properties.
[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of the "single coverage" and "full coverage" boundaries using the minimum shot-receiver distance; where, Figure 2 a is a schematic diagram of the "one-time coverage" boundary. Figure 2 b is a schematic diagram of the "full coverage" boundary;
[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the results of calculating the underwater resection time using an embodiment of the present invention in a certain work area; wherein, Figure 3 a is a schematic diagram showing the result of calculating the underwater excavation time of the regular section in the middle of the work area using an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 b is a schematic diagram showing the result of calculating the underwater excavation time of the irregular part of the work area boundary using an embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 4 The underwater removal time for all seismic channels calculated using embodiments of the present invention in a certain work area; wherein, Figure 4 'a' is a diagram showing a frontal view. Figure 4 b is a schematic diagram of the rear view;
[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of seismic profiles in the INL direction before and after applying the embodiments of the present invention in a certain work area. From left to right, the diagrams show the "irregular portion," "regular portion," and "sub-regular portion." Figure 5 a is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile in the INL direction before applying the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5 b is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile in the INL direction after underwater cutting using an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of seismic profiles along the CRL direction before and after applying an embodiment of the present invention in a certain work area. From left to right, the diagram shows the "irregular portion," "regular portion," and "sub-regular portion." Figure 6 a is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile in the CRL direction before applying the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6 b is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile in the CRL direction after underwater cutting using an embodiment of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of seismic profiles in the INL direction before and after applying the embodiments of the present invention in another work area; wherein, Figure 7 a is a schematic diagram of a seismic profile in the INL direction before applying the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 7b is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile in the INL direction after underwater cutting using an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0037] This embodiment provides a method for seismic data removal processing. This method is mainly applied in the later stages of seismic data processing and plays an important role in keeping the post-stack profile clean and neat.
[0038] First, it should be noted that migration algorithms have become the fundamental method and means for time-domain processing of 3D seismic data. However, due to the special nature of migration algorithms, noise such as migration arcs and anomalous energy can appear in areas with insufficient coverage on both sides and in the middle of the profile. This is especially serious in areas with complex underground structures due to the non-homogeneity of lateral velocity. The seismic data removal processing method provided in this embodiment can remove migration arcs, anomalous energy, etc., according to the shape of the resulting profile, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and making the overall profile cleaner, neater, and more intuitive.
[0039] Specifically, the method provided in this embodiment uses post-stack seismic attribute values to find the seabed cut-off time corresponding to each seismic trace, and then fills the amplitude values above the seabed cut-off time to zero to achieve the seabed cut-off effect. The specific steps include:
[0040] S1. Analyze and process seismic data to generate seismic attributes with minimum shot-receiver distance.
[0041] By searching and comparing all shot-receiver distance values for each shot in the seismic data, the minimum value is the minimum shot-receiver distance for that shot; displaying the minimum shot-receiver distances of all shots according to their coordinate distribution is the minimum shot-receiver distance attribute.
[0042] S2. Establish the correspondence between minimum shot-receiver distance and underwater cutoff time, and calculate the unknown underwater cutoff time.
[0043] According to seismic acquisition theory, for the central full-coverage area, the minimum shot-receiver distance is a fixed constant (ignoring the effects of variations). As acquisition progresses to the boundary of the work area, the number of receiver channels decreases progressively, and the corresponding minimum shot-receiver distance increases linearly. The cut-off time is constant in the central full-coverage area, but also increases linearly as it transitions to the work area boundary. (See reference...) Figure 1 As shown, the test line cut-off time and the minimum shot-receiver distance are linearly related at the boundary.
[0044] Therefore, by finding the correspondence between the minimum shot-receiver distance and the underwater cut-off time, the unknown underwater cut-off time can be calculated.
[0045] This embodiment provides two methods for estimating the time required to remove an unknown underwater section, as follows:
[0046] One method is the formula fitting method, which involves manually defining the cut-off time by giving a target line, then deriving the minimum shot-receiver distance of the target line, and then using the formula fitting method to determine the relationship between the cut-off time and the minimum shot-receiver distance. Finally, the unknown cut-off time can be calculated through this relationship.
[0047] Based on calculations, the linear fitting formula between the underwater cut-off time and the minimum shot-receiver distance for a certain work area, as determined in this embodiment, is as follows:
[0048] y = -5E-06x 2 +0.4901x+239.99
[0049] In the formula, x refers to the minimum shot-receiver distance corresponding to the seismic trace, and y refers to the underwater cut-off time corresponding to the seismic trace.
[0050] In practice, the minimum shot-receiver distance generated in step S1 is substituted into the above formula to obtain the corresponding bottom cut-off time.
[0051] Another method is contour interpolation, which uses the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute to determine the "full coverage" boundary and the "first coverage" boundary and gives the corresponding bottom cut-off time. The two will form two closed "loops". Then, the value between the two "loops" can be determined by contour interpolation, that is, the unknown bottom cut-off time can be calculated.
[0052] The approach to determining the "full coverage" and "single coverage" boundaries using the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute is as follows: (Reference) Figure 2 The minimum shot-receiver distance for a full coverage area is a constant value. The primary coverage boundary is the closed area formed by the outermost trace of the work area. The minimum shot-receiver distance for a partially covered area is usually greater than the minimum shot-receiver distance set by the field acquisition and observation system. By searching for the minimum shot-receiver distance of the work area and sorting the seismic trace coordinates that are less than or equal to the minimum shot-receiver distance set by the observation system, the full coverage area can be obtained. The coordinates of the maximum value are the primary coverage boundary.
[0053] S3. Smooth the estimated underwater resection time.
[0054] Since field data collection is not conducted entirely according to the designed observation system (for example, if a blasting location corresponds to a reservoir, the data collectors will choose to blast at a location closer to that area), the minimum shot-receiver distance at certain locations will be irregular, and the corresponding cut-off time will also show a "sawtooth" distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to smooth it to ensure that the prediction results are more in line with the expectation of perfect cut-off.
[0055] The smoothing method used in this embodiment is to take a certain number of sample points and average them according to the INL and CRL directions.
[0056] S4, Application of Resection Schedule
[0057] By writing all underwater cut-off times into the seismic trace head through a trace-by-trace matching method, and filling the amplitude values above the underwater cut-off time to zero, the underwater cut-off effect can be achieved.
[0058] This embodiment also provides a system for seismic data cut-off processing, used to implement the seismic data cut-off processing method described above. The system includes a minimum shot-receiver distance generation module, a cut-off time estimation module, a cut-off time processing module, and a cut-off time application module.
[0059] Among them, the minimum shot-receiver distance generation module is used to search and compare all shot-receiver distance values for each shot in the seismic data, find the minimum shot-receiver distance for each shot, and display the minimum shot-receiver distances of all shots according to coordinate distribution.
[0060] The resection time estimation module is used to estimate the unknown underwater resection time using contour interpolation or linear fitting methods.
[0061] The resection time processing module is used to smooth the estimated underwater resection time to ensure that the prediction results are more in line with the expectation of perfect resection.
[0062] The cut-off time application module is used to write all underwater cut-off times into the seismic trace head by matching each trace one by one, and to fill the amplitude values above the underwater cut-off time to zero, so as to achieve the underwater cut-off effect.
[0063] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, including at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor; when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the seismic data stripping processing method as described above.
[0064] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic data stripping processing method described above.
[0065] This embodiment also presents its application in the processing of 3D seismic data in a block in western China. The work area is mainly mountainous, and the surrounding area is affected by natural environments and other factors such as nature reserves, lakes, and mining rights boundaries, resulting in extremely irregular boundary shapes.
[0066] If the conventional underwater cut-off method is used to cut off the seismic data of this work area, the interpolation results will not always fit the profile due to the manual setting of control points and then interpolation. It is necessary to continuously add control lines to make the cut-off completely fit the profile. In addition, continuous adjustments are required in both the INL and CRL directions. The whole process takes about 7 working days, which greatly exceeds the planned time for this step of the project and puts pressure on the project schedule.
[0067] Using this embodiment, the time consumed in each process step was statistically analyzed under an 8-hour workday. Generating the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute took approximately 4 hours. Other steps, such as finding the "full coverage" and "single coverage" boundaries and calculating the unknown underwater cut-off time through contour interpolation, could all be completed within 1 hour, with a total time consumption of approximately 0.85 days. However, if the minimum shot-receiver distance seismic attribute generated by the previous project quality control is used directly, the time consumption would be even shorter, which can greatly improve efficiency.
[0068] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, when using this embodiment to predict the unknown underwater cut-off time of the work area, the predicted underwater cut-off time can adapt well to the seismic profile, regardless of whether it is a regular part in the middle or an irregular part at the boundary. It can remove distortion while retaining effective signals, and the cut-off effect is relatively good.
[0069] Depend on Figure 4 As can be seen, the underwater resection time prediction of this work area using this embodiment shows that the overall resection time is normal. The resection time for the "full coverage" part inside the work area is the same constant value, while the resection time for the "one-time coverage" area at the boundary of the work area gradually increases. No abnormal values are shown from different angles, and the effect is good.
[0070] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is the application effect of this embodiment in the entire work area. As can be seen from the figure, for the missing part of the middle phase axis, the original cross section shows that the noise distribution is more obvious. This part is the area that should be removed. After removal by this embodiment, it can be seen that the noise and distortion are removed and the effective phase axis is preserved.
[0071] Figure 7 This is an example of the application effect of this embodiment in other work areas. As can be seen from the figure, the distortion of the profile boundary has been removed, and the effective signal in the large-span area in the middle has not been damaged. Therefore, it can be seen that this embodiment has good universality and can be applied to various irregular boundary 3D seismic data.
[0072] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method of seismic data muting, characterized by: The method uses post-stack seismic attribute values to find the water bottom cut-off time corresponding to each seismic trace, and then fills zero to the amplitude values above the water bottom cut-off time to achieve the water bottom cut-off effect, and specifically includes the following steps: S1, analyze and process seismic data to generate minimum offset seismic attributes; S2, use the minimum offset seismic attributes to determine the "full coverage" boundary and the "single coverage" boundary and give the corresponding water bottom cut-off time, and then use the contour interpolation method to calculate the unknown water bottom cut-off time; S3, smooth the calculated water bottom cut-off time; S4, apply the cut-off time table: write all water bottom cut-off times into the seismic trace header in a way of trace-by-trace matching, and fill zero to the amplitude values above the water bottom cut-off time.
2. The method of seismic data editing processing of claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the minimum offset seismic attributes are generated in the following way: search and compare all offset values of each shot in the seismic data, and the minimum value is the minimum offset of the shot; display the minimum offsets of all shots according to the coordinate distribution to obtain the minimum offset attribute.
3. The method of seismic data editing processing of claim 2, wherein: In step S3, the smoothing is performed in the following way: average the sample point values in the INL direction and the CRL direction.
4. The method of seismic data editing according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: In step S2, the water bottom cut-off time can also be determined by formula fitting, specifically in the following way: Define the water bottom cut-off time of the target line artificially, then derive the minimum offset of the target line, and then use formula fitting to determine the relationship between the water bottom cut-off time and the minimum offset, and finally calculate the unknown water bottom cut-off time through the relationship.
5. The method of seismic data editing processing of claim 4, wherein: The linear fitting formula of the minimum offset and the water bottom cut-off time is: y = -5E-06x 2 +0.4901x + 239.99 In the formula, x represents the minimum offset corresponding to the seismic trace, and y represents the water bottom cut-off time corresponding to the seismic trace.
6. A system for seismic data editing, characterized by: The system is used to implement the method for seismic data cut-off processing according to any one of claims 1-5, and includes: A minimum offset generation module: used to search for the minimum offset of each shot by searching and comparing all offset values of each shot in the seismic data, and display the minimum offsets of all shots according to the coordinate distribution; A cut-off time calculation module: used to calculate the unknown water bottom cut-off time by using the contour interpolation method or the linear fitting method; A cut-off time processing module: used to smooth the calculated water bottom cut-off time to ensure that the prediction result is more consistent with the perfect cut-off expectation; A cut-off time application module: used to write all water bottom cut-off times into the seismic trace header in a way of trace-by-trace matching, and fill zero to the amplitude values above the water bottom cut-off time to achieve the water bottom cut-off effect.
7. An electronic device, comprising: The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method for seismic data cut-off processing according to any one of claims 1-5.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method for seismic data cut-off processing according to any one of claims 1-5.