Artificial joint capsule for hip prosthesis

Abstract

The invention relates to a hip prosthesis in the field of health that can replace the femoral head in people whose femoral head in the hip bone has been damaged due to congenital or subsequent reasons, and that provides a capsule and a lubricating fluid in this capsule.

Description

[0001] ARTIFICIAL JOINT CAPSULE FOR HIP PROSTHESIS

[0002] Technical field of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a hip prosthesis in the field of health that can replace the femoral head in people whose femoral head in the hip bone has been damaged due to congenital or subsequent reasons, and that provides a capsule and a lubricating fluid in this capsule.

[0004] The State of the Art

[0005] The first solution for hip injuries that are congenital or occur as a result of physical impacts is hip prosthesis application. These applications can be performed by reshaping the bones with surgical applications. The surgical intervention to give function to a joint that has decreased movement or is immobile is called “arthroplasty”. This treatment method is applied as a result of problems that occur due to the complete destruction of the joint due to degenerative arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, some femur fractures, congenital hip diseases, and pathological fractures due to metastatic cancers. In people whose hip joint is severely calcified or damaged, there may be situations where the damaged joint needs to be replaced, in other words, renewed. This application is known as total hip arthroplasty (total hip prosthesis).

[0006] Hip arthroplasty is applied in two ways. These applications are Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hemiarthroplasty methods. Hemiarthroplasty is performed by placing a prosthesis in place of the femoral head or acetabulum. Total Hip Arthroplasty (Total Hip Prosthesis) is performed by placing a prosthesis instead of both the femoral head and the acetabulum. The joint capsule in the hip joint is damaged and becomes dysfunctional in both applications. Here, the joint capsule is the connective tissue that surrounds the joint and holds the intra-articular tissues together in a package form. Since the main function of the hip joint is to carry loads, there needs to be sufficient range of motion and sufficient stability together. The joint capsule and ligaments are responsible for this stability, and the joint capsule contains a small amount of a gel-like substance called synovial fluid. Synovial fluid, which contains a component called hyaluronic acid that protects and lubricates the joint during activity, is released from the synovia, the membrane tissue surrounding the hip joint. In this way, it provides a slippery environment and reduces the friction between the surfaces forming the joint, allowing joint movements to be performed easily. However, in all hip prosthesis applications, the capsule structure surrounding the joint is damaged and becomes dysfunctional because it cannot be protected. Thus, the synovial fluid that should be in the capsule is gets off the environment.

[0007] Total hip arthroplasty is designed to create an artificial joint by covering the worn joint surfaces made of metal, ceramic and polyethylene with specially designed parts to ensure smooth movement of the joint. The components of a standard total hip prosthesis are the body placed in the femur and having different stem shapes, the head attached to the upper part of this body, the acetabular socket placed on the pelvis and the wear-preventing and load-absorbing polyethylene spacer placed in this socket. These components are combined as metal head-plastic socket prostheses, ceramic head-ceramic socket prostheses and metal head-metal socket prostheses. In all combinations, friction occurs between the head and the socket due to loading and movement. Since there is no joint capsule and joint fluid to reduce friction in the environment, as in a healthy hip joint, this friction causes wear on the surfaces of the prosthesis components over time and shortens the life of the prosthesis. Over time, particle accumulation occurs due to friction and wear, and noise occurs during movement on the worn surfaces, which causes movement restrictions and even toxic effects on the person.

[0008] Although various suggestions and applications have been developed for hip prosthesis capsules in the state of the art, these developments are not sufficient. Some applications related to the inventions developed for this purpose are given below.

[0009] Patent document no “TR201713865” in the state of the art is reviewed. Said invention relates to a development made to extend the life of hip prostheses. A spherical hip prosthesis is described, which is developed by placing a simple pump in a hole of appropriate diameter opened inside the part of the prosthesis mounted on the femur bone or the upper part, and providing continuous oil flow to the area where friction occurs through precise holes of appropriate diameter opened to other parts of the prosthesis, reducing friction and eliminating the need for another prosthesis surgery. Here, oil injection is required and the oil must be filled by the physician at certain intervals. This prevents the treatment from being completed in one go. In addition, it is explained here that the oil to be used in order to prevent wear must be taken from the person who will use the prosthesis, which requires additional operational procedures.

[0010] Patent document no “US2015342740A1” in the state of the art is reviewed. Said invention relates to an artificial hip joint replacement system. The system comprises a rigid part and an elastic part attached to this rigid part. Also included is a ball that is in contact with the elastic part and a femoral stem attached to the ball. The elastic part is positioned to cause the space between the ball and the joint to expand and contract, so that they are further apart in the position of low mechanical loads. The ball is positioned to allow the space between the hard part on its outside to expand and contract. No fluid is used to prevent wear caused by friction between the joint parts and this deformation that will happen in the future.

[0011] Patent document no “JPH04341259A” in the state of the art is reviewed. An artificial hip joint that causes low-load fracture of the cervical head is described. A structure comprising an alloy stem with a section protruding in the form of a column, in which a conical outer surface is formed, is mentioned. The joining is carried out by tightly fitting the femoral head and the body. Here, since the conicity of the concave part of the female head is made equal to or smaller than the conicity of the outer convex part of the stem, the concave conical surface is the outer perimeter of the distal end of the stem. Since it is adjacent to the two entry sides, the contact stress on the inside of the femoral head is not too large and the stress is applied as a whole, thus low-load fracture does not occur. The absence of lubricating fluid in the joint parts can cause problems due to friction in the long term.

[0012] As a result, due to the negativities described above and the inadequacy of existing solutions on the subject, it has become necessary to make a development in the relevant technical field.

[0013] The aim of the invention

[0014] The invention relates to a hip prosthesis in the field of health that can replace the femoral head in people whose femoral head in the hip bone has been damaged for any reason, and that provides a capsule and a lubricating fluid inside this capsule. The most important aim of the present invention is to create a system, in total arthroplasty applications, that comprises a capsule and a lubricating fluid inside this capsule as in a healthy hip joint and that can preserve the lubricating joint fluid between the prosthesis components.

[0015] Another aim of the invention is to eliminate complications such as wear, noise and limited movement by minimising the friction between the prosthesis components with the lubricating fluid.

[0016] Another aim of the invention is to extend the life of the prosthesis and ensure that people to whom the prosthesis is applied live for many more years without being subjected to a secondary surgical operation.

[0017] Another aim of the invention is to be applicable to all total hip prostheses in a flexible structure.

[0018] Another aim of the invention is to provide a flexible capsule structure that does not pose an obstacle during the patient's routine movements and adapts to the joint movement.

[0019] The structural and characteristic features of the invention and all its advantages will be understood more clearly by the figures given below and the detailed description written with reference to these figures. For this reason, the evaluation should be made by taking these figures and detailed description into consideration.

[0020] Description of the drawings

[0021] FIGURE -1 is the drawing showing the exploded view of the hip prosthesis joint capsule, which is the subject of the invention, separate from the body.

[0022] FIGURE -2 is the drawing showing the exploded view of the hip prosthesis joint capsule, which is the subject of the invention, combined with the body.

[0023] FIGURE -3 is the drawing showing the view of the hip prosthesis joint capsule, which is the subject of the invention, isometric to the acetabular socket. FIGURE -4 is the drawing showing the view of the hip prosthesis joint capsule, which is the subject of the invention, isometric to the acetabular socket.

[0024] Reference numbers

[0025] 1. Flexible capsule

[0026] 2. Connection ring

[0027] 3. Fixation pin

[0028] 4. Acetabular socket

[0029] 5. Fixation channel

[0030] 6. Screw holes

[0031] 7. Polyethylene interface

[0032] 8. Prosthesis head

[0033] 9. Prosthesis neck

[0034] 10. Prosthesis body

[0035] Description of the Invention

[0036] The invention relates to a hip prosthesis in the field of health that can replace the femoral head in people whose femoral head in the hip bone has been damaged due to congenital or subsequent reasons, and that provides a capsule and a lubricating fluid in this capsule.

[0037] As seen in Figure-1 , the structure that comprises the flexible capsule (1 ), connection ring (2), fixation pin (3), acetabular socket (4), fixation channel (5), screw holes (6), polyethylene interface (7), prosthesis head (8), prosthesis neck (9), and prosthesis body (10) is a hip prosthesis.

[0038] The flexible capsule (1 ) in the hip prosthesis has a structure that is intertwined with the prosthesis body (10). It has an elastic structure, so it does not pose an obstacle during the person's routine movements. The flexible capsule (1 ) does not let any liquid in and has a multi-layered shape. In addition, since it is designed biocompatible and as a bellows structure, it performs movements in harmony with the person's body. The connection ring (2) provides the connection between the acetabular socket (4) and the bellows structure and allows rotational movement. It comprises a ring system that comprises more than one fixation pin (3).

[0039] The fixation pins (3) on the connection ring (2) provide the connection between the flexible capsule (1 ) and the acetabular socket (4). The connection ring (2) also provides the fixation of the fixation pins (3) with the acetabular socket (4).

[0040] The hemispherical structure that is placed in the acetabulum region on the body and ensures the completion of the joint structure is the acetabular socket (4) part. In addition, the acetabular socket (4) is the part where the prosthesis head (8) meets the polyethylene interface (7).

[0041] There are screw holes (6) for fixation to the pelvis on the acetabular socket (4) and a fixation channel (5) in the part where the connection ring (2) is placed. The combination of the two parts is achieved by placing the fixation pins (3) into the fixation channel (5).

[0042] The screw holes (6) are the parts that provide the combination with the pelvic bone and allow this process to be carried out by placing the acetabular socket (4) into the acetabulum.

[0043] The part that is positioned inside the acetabular socket (4), prevents wear in this area with the movements that occur here and also serves as a load absorber is the polyethylene interface (7).

[0044] The prosthesis head (8) is the part that is positioned at the end of the prosthesis body (10), has a flexible capsule (1 ) on it and provides movement by being in contact with the polyethylene interface (7).

[0045] The part where the prosthesis head (8) is connected to the prosthesis body (10) is the prosthesis neck (9), and the part where the movement mechanism meets the hip is the prosthesis body (10).

Claims

CLAIMS1. A hip prosthesis in the field of health that can replace the femoral head in people whose femoral head in the hip bone has been damaged due to congenital or subsequent reasons, comprising- at least one flexible capsule (1 ) that has an elastic structure, preserves the lubricating fluid that will minimise friction, is impermeable to liquid, has a bellows structure consisting of more than one layer and surrounds the prosthesis head (8) inside,- at least one connection ring (2) that acts as a bridge structure, connecting to the flexible capsule (1 ) and connecting to the acetabular socket (4) with fixing pins (3),- the fixing pins (3) that are located on the connection ring (2) and provide the connection between the acetabular socket (4) and the connection ring (2), and perform the fixation process with the acetabular socket (4),- at least one acetabular socket (4) that is placed in the acetabulum and allows connection with the pelvis by means of the connection ring (2) and the fixation channel (5) and has screw holes (6) for this connection,- the fixation channel (5) that is located on the acetabular socket (4) and is fixed by combining with a plurality of fixation pins (3) on the connection ring (2),- the screw holes (6) that are opened for attachment to the acetabular socket (4) and the acetabulum, and provide connection with the pelvis,- at least one polyethylene interface (7) that is located within the acetabular socket (4) and provides movement and friction between the prosthesis head (8) and the acetabular socket (4),- at least one prosthesis head (8) that is positioned inside the flexible capsule (1 ) in friction with the polyethylene interface (7), and- at least one prosthesis neck (9) and prosthesis body (10) that connect the prosthesis head (8) to the thigh.

2. A hip prosthesis according to Claim 1 , comprising a hemispherical acetabular socket (4).

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