Network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive radio link monitoring
Network-assisted partial suspension of temporal predictive RLM addresses the inefficiencies in UE-side AI/ML complexity and resource consumption during LTM by configuring partially suspended RLM-RSs, enhancing RLM robustness and reducing radio link failures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073201
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently managing radio link monitoring (RLM) during lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) due to high computational complexity and resource consumption at the user equipment (UE), particularly when predicting radio link failures using AI/ML models, and lack robustness in identifying potential radio link failures in target cells.
Implement network-assisted partial suspension of temporal predictive RLM, where a network node configures the UE with partially suspended RLM-RSs and indicates future windows where radio link qualities will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold, reducing the need for UE-side AI/ML predictions and conserving computational resources.
This approach reduces unnecessary computational complexity and resource consumption at the UE while maintaining robustness in RLM, preventing radio link failures during LTM by leveraging network node predictions of blockages.
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Figure CN2024073201_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NETWORK-ASSISTED SUSPENSION OF TEMPORAL PREDICTIVE RADIO LINK MONITORING
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method may include receiving, from a network node, a temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) associated with one or more cells. The method may include receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The method may include transmitting, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0014] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a make-before-break handover procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figs. 5A-5B are diagrams illustrating examples of lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management using artificial intelligence and / or machine learning, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) for LTM, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figs. 8A-8D are diagrams illustrating examples associated with network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive RLM, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a UE in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a network node in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Figs. 11-12 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0029] In some examples, a network node may instruct a UE to change serving cells, such as when the UE moves away from coverage of a current serving cell and toward coverage of a neighboring cell. In some cases, the network node may instruct the UE to change cells using a Layer 3 (L3) handover procedure. However, L3 handover procedures may be associated with high latency and high overhead due to the multiple radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration messages and / or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover procedures. Accordingly, in some examples, a UE may be configured to perform a lower-layer (e.g., Layer 1 (L1) and / or Layer 2 (L2) ) handover procedure, sometimes referred to as a lower-layer triggered mobility or an L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure. An LTM procedure may include four phases: an LTM preparation phase, an early synchronization phase, an LTM execution phase, and an LTM completion phase. A cell switch to a target cell using LTM may be performed with less overhead and / or latency than for an L3 handover procedure. However, because radio link monitoring (RLM) and beam failure detection (BFD) in LTM lack robustness, potential radio link failures (RLFs) in target cells (e.g., due to upcoming blockages) cannot be sufficiently identified. As a result, robustness of LTM can be degraded due to reactive RLM (and / or BFD) that is based on only historical measurements. For example, a UE may experience RLF in the target cell soon after an LTM cell switch (e.g., within dozens or hundreds of milliseconds (ms) ) . The UE may respond to the RLF by performing radio link recovery or fallback to initial access, which can degrade robustness of LTM.
[0030] Accordingly, in some cases, a UE may be configured to perform predictive RLM and / or BFD in LTM, such as temporal prediction of RLFs and / or beam failures for one or more LTM candidate cells. For example, in predictive RLM, a network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, a configuration of one or more LTM candidate cells. The UE may then transmit, and the network node may receive, a predictive RLM report that indicates one or more predicted radio link qualities associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells for one or more future temporal windows based on one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics. For example, the predicted radio link channel characteristics may be predicted future L1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurements, L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurements, L3 reference signal received power (L3-RSRP) measurements, L3 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L3-SINR) measurements, or the like. In some examples, the UE may estimate and report one or more predicted (e.g., future) radio link qualities for one or more LTM candidate cells regarding one or more future temporal windows. For example, the predicted radio link qualities may include out-of-synchronization instances and / or in-synchronization instances (e.g., defined according to hypothetical block error rates (BLERs) ) for RLM metrics. Additionally, or alternatively, the predicted radio link qualities may include one or more beam failure instances (e.g., defined according to BFD procedures) . The predicted radio link qualities (e.g., out-of-synchronization instances, in-synchronization instances, beam failure instances, or the like) may be determined based on the predicted radio link channel characteristics (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, L3-RSRP, and / or L3-SINR measurements) and UE-side receiver assumptions and / or conditions. In this way, predictive RLM techniques may prevent or reduce instances of the UE experiencing RLF and / or beam failure shortly after switching to the target cell.
[0031] However, in some cases, configuring a UE to perform predictive RLM may result in unnecessary AI / ML complexity and / or resource consumption at the UE. For example, in cases where a UE uses AI / ML models to estimate future radio link qualities based on L1 / L3-RSRP measurements and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements that are predicted by the UE, performing the AI / ML-based predictions may be associated with unnecessary complexity and / or resource consumption because a network node may have a capability to identify and / or predict blockages associated with one or more predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) that the UE otherwise uses to estimate the future radio link qualities. For example, the network node may use one or more cameras, lidar systems, radar systems, AI / ML models, or other techniques to identify or predict blockages associated with one or more predictive RLM-RSs (e.g., corresponding to one or more beam directions) . In such cases, and particularly when the blockages that are predicted by the network node are associated with a high confidence level, there may be little to no reason to have the UE continue running AI / ML algorithms to predict L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the corresponding RLM-RSs. For example, when the network node is confident in a prediction that an RLM-RS will be blocked at a certain future time (e.g., relative to a time when the prediction is made) , the UE can simply assume that a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) hypothesis BLER associated with the predictive RLM-RS will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold (e.g., a Qout threshold that defines a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received, such as a BLER that exceeds 10%) without actually predicting an L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurement for the RLM-RS or otherwise estimating a radio link quality for the RLM-RS.
[0032] Accordingly, various aspects described herein relate generally to network-assisted partial suspension of temporal predictive RLM. For example, in some aspects, a network node may configure a UE with multiple RLM-RSs to predict and report future radio link qualities for a given cell based on L1 / L3-RSRP measurements and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements that the UE is to predict for the RLM-RSs in one or more future temporal windows (e.g., relative to a time when the L1 / L3-RSRP measurements and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements are predicted) . Furthermore, in some aspects, the network node may transmit signaling to the UE to indicate one or more of the RLM-RSs that are partially suspended (e.g., according to identifiers of the partially suspended RLM-RSs and the cell identifiers associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs) in addition to a future window in which to suspend predictive RLM for each signaled RLM-RS. Accordingly, in an occasion when the UE evaluates future radio link qualities for the cells associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs, the UE may assume that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER associated with each partially suspended RLM-RS will fail to satisfy (e.g., exceed) an out-of-sync threshold (e.g., Qout) during the future window in which the RLM-RS is partially suspended. In this way, the UE does not need to predict the future L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurement on the corresponding partially suspended RLM-RS for the future window. Furthermore, because the UE may eventually address an out-of-sync or in-sync status at a cell level, the partial suspension of predicting L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for certain predictive RLM-RSs can reduce computational complexity of the UE and / or conserve computational resources and / or power at the UE.
[0033] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0034] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0035] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0036] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0037] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0038] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0039] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0040] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0041] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0042] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0043] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0044] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0045] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more PDCCHs, and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0046] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0047] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0048] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0049] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0050] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0051] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0052] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” ) . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0053] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0054] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0055] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0056] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0057] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive, from a network node 110, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and receive, from the network node 110, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0058] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit, to a UE 120, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and transmit, to the UE 120, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0059] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0060] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0061] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0062] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0063] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0064] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0065] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0066] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0067] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0068] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0069] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0070] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0071] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0072] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0073] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0074] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0075] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0076] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0077] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0078] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0079] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0080] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0081] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0082] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0083] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0084] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0085] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0086] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0087] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0088] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive RLM, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0089] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving, from a network node 110, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and / or means for receiving, from the network node 110, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that the UE 120 is to assume that future radio link qualities for the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0090] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for transmitting, to a UE 120, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and / or means for transmitting, to the UE 120, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that the UE 120 is to assume that future radio link qualities for the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0091] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0092] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a make-before-break (MBB) handover procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0093] As shown in Fig. 4, the MBB handover procedure may involve a UE 405, a source network node 410, a target network node 415, a user plane function (UPF) device 420, and an access and mobility management function (AMF) device 425. In some examples, actions described as being performed by a network node may be performed by multiple network nodes. For example, configuration actions and / or core network communication actions may be performed by a first network node (e.g., a CU or a DU) , and radio communication actions may be performed by a second network node (e.g., a DU or an RU) . The UE 405 may correspond to the UE 120 described elsewhere herein. The source network node 410 and / or the target network node 415 may correspond to the network node 110 described elsewhere herein. The UE 405 and the source network node 410 may be connected (e.g., may have an RRC connection) via a serving cell or a source cell, and the UE 405 may undergo a handover to the target network node 415 via a target cell. The UPF device 420 and / or the AMF device 425 may be located within a core network. The source network node 410 and the target network node 415 may be in communication with the core network for mobility support and user plane functions.
[0094] As shown in Fig. 4, the MBB handover procedure may include a handover preparation phase 430, a handover execution phase 435, and a handover completion phase 440. During the handover preparation phase 430, the UE 405 may report measurements that cause the source network node 410 and / or the target network node 415 to prepare for handover and trigger execution of the handover. During the handover execution phase 435, the UE 405 may execute the handover by performing a random access procedure with the target network node 415 and establishing an RRC connection with the target network node 415. During the handover completion phase 440, the source network node 410 may forward one or more stored communications associated with the UE 405 to the target network node 415, and the UE 405 may be released from a connection with the source network node 410.
[0095] As shown by reference number 445, during the handover preparation phase 430, the UE 405 may perform one or more measurements, and may transmit a measurement report to the source network node 410 based at least in part on the one or more measurements (e.g., serving cell measurements and / or neighbor cell measurements) . The measurement report may indicate, for example, an RSRP parameter, an RSRQ parameter, an RSSI parameter, and / or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) parameter (e.g., for the serving cell and / or one or more neighbor cells) . The source network node 410 may use the measurement report to determine whether to trigger a handover to the target network node 415. For example, if one or more measurements satisfy a condition, the source network node 410 may trigger a handover of the UE 405 to the target network node 415.
[0096] As shown by reference number 450, during the handover preparation phase 430, the source network node 410 and the target network node 415 may communicate with one another to prepare for a handover of the UE 405. As part of the handover preparation, the source network node 410 may transmit a handover request to the target network node 415 to instruct the target network node 415 to prepare for the handover. The source network node 410 may communicate RRC context information associated with the UE 405 and / or configuration information associated with the UE 405 to the target network node 415. The target network node 415 may prepare for the handover by reserving resources for the UE 405. After reserving the resources, the target network node 415 may transmit an acknowledgement (ACK) to the source network node 410 in response to the handover request.
[0097] As shown by reference number 455, during the handover preparation phase 430, the source network node 410 may transmit an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 405. The RRC reconfiguration message may include a handover command instructing the UE 405 to execute a handover procedure from the source network node 410 to the target network node 415. The handover command may include information associated with the target network node 415, such as a random access channel (RACH) preamble assignment for accessing the target network node 415. Reception of the RRC reconfiguration message, including the handover command, by the UE 405 may trigger the start of the handover execution phase 435.
[0098] As shown by reference number 460, during the handover execution phase 435, the UE 405 may execute the handover by performing a random access procedure with the target network node 415 (e.g., including synchronization with the target network node 415) while continuing to communicate with the source network node 410. For example, while the UE 405 is performing the random access procedure with the target network node 415, the UE 405 may transmit uplink data, uplink control information, and / or an uplink reference signal (e.g., an SRS) to the source network node 410, and / or may receive downlink data, DCI, and / or a downlink reference signal from the source network node 410.
[0099] As shown by reference number 465, upon successfully establishing a connection with the target network node 415 (e.g., via a random access procedure) during the handover execution phase 435, the UE 405 may transmit an RRC reconfiguration completion message to the target network node 415. Reception of the RRC reconfiguration message by the target network node 415 may trigger the start of the handover completion phase 440.
[0100] As shown by reference number 470, during the handover completion phase 440, the source network node 410 and the target network node 415 may communicate with one another to prepare for release of the connection between the source network node 410 and the UE 405. In some aspects, the target network node 415 may determine that a connection between the source network node 410 and the UE 405 is to be released, such as after receiving the RRC reconfiguration message from the UE 405. In this case, the target network node 415 may transmit a handover connection setup completion message to the source network node 410. The handover connection setup completion message may cause the source network node 410 to stop transmitting data to the UE 405 and / or to stop receiving data from the UE 405. Additionally, or alternatively, the handover connection setup completion message may cause the source network node 410 to forward communications associated with the UE 405 to the target network node 415 and / or to notify the target network node 415 of a status of one or more communications with the UE 405. For example, the source network node 410 may forward, to the target network node 415, buffered downlink communications (e.g., downlink data) for the UE 405 and / or uplink communications (e.g., uplink data) received from the UE 405. Additionally, or alternatively, the source network node 410 may notify the target network node 415 regarding a PDCP status associated with the UE 405 and / or a sequence number to be used for a downlink communication with the UE 405.
[0101] As shown by reference number 475, during the handover completion phase 440, the target network node 415 may transmit an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE 405 to instruct the UE 405 to release the connection with the source network node 410. Upon receiving the instruction to release the connection with the source network node 410, the UE 405 may stop communicating with the source network node 410. For example, the UE 405 may refrain from transmitting uplink communications to the source network node 410 and / or may refrain from monitoring for downlink communications from the source network node 410.
[0102] As shown by reference number 480, during the handover completion phase 440, the UE may transmit an RRC reconfiguration completion message to the target network node 415 to indicate that the connection between the source network node 410 and the UE 405 is being released or has been released.
[0103] As shown by reference number 485, during the handover completion phase 440, the target network node 415, the UPF device 420, and / or the AMF device 425 may communicate to switch a user plane path of the UE 405 from the source network node 410 to the target network node 415. Prior to switching the user plane path, downlink communications for the UE 405 may be routed through the core network to the source network node 410. After the user plane path is switched, downlink communications for the UE 405 may be routed through the core network to the target network node 415. Upon completing the switch of the user plane path, the AMF device 425 may transmit an end marker message to the source network node 410 to signal completion of the user plane path switch. As shown by reference number 490, the target network node 415 and the source network node 410 may communicate to release the source network node 410.
[0104] As part of the MBB handover procedure, the UE 405 may maintain simultaneous connections with the source network node 410 and the target network node 415 during a time period 495. The time period 495 may start at the beginning of the handover execution phase 435 (e.g., upon reception by the UE 405 of a handover command from the source network node 410) when the UE 405 performs a random access procedure with the target network node 415. The time period 495 may end upon release of the connection between the UE 405 and the source network node 410 (e.g., upon reception by the UE 405 of an instruction, from the target network node 415, to release the source network node 410) . By maintaining simultaneous connections with the source network node 410 and the target network node 415, the handover procedure can be performed with zero or a minimal interruption to communications, thereby reducing latency.
[0105] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0106] Figs. 5A-5B are diagrams illustrating examples 500, 550 of LTM, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0107] In a wireless network, a UE and a network node may communicate on an access link using directional links (e.g., using high-dimensional phased arrays) to benefit from a beamforming gain and / or to maintain acceptable communication quality. The directional links, however, typically require fine alignment of transmit and receive beams, which may be achieved through a set of operations referred to as beam management and / or beam selection, among other examples. Further, a wireless network may support multi-beam operation at relatively high carrier frequencies (e.g., within FR2 or FR4) , which may be associated with harsher propagation conditions than comparatively lower carrier frequencies. For example, relative to a sub-6 GHz band (e.g., FR1) , signals propagating in a millimeter wave frequency band may suffer from increased pathloss and severe channel intermittency, and / or may be blocked by objects commonly present in an environment surrounding the UE (e.g., a building, a tree, and / or a body of a user, among other examples) . Accordingly, beam management is particularly important for multi-beam operation in a relatively high carrier frequency.
[0108] One possible enhancement for multi-beam operation at higher carrier frequencies is facilitation of efficient (e.g., low latency and low overhead) downlink and / or uplink beam management to support higher L1 / L2-centric inter-cell mobility, which may be referred to herein as lower-layer (or L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) . Accordingly, one goal for LTM is to enable a UE to perform a cell switch via dynamic control signaling at lower layers (e.g., DCI for L1 signaling or a MAC-CE for L2 signaling) rather than semi-static L3 RRC signaling to reduce latency, reduce overhead, and / or otherwise increase efficiency of the cell switch.
[0109] For example, Fig. 5A illustrates an example 500 of a LTM technique, which may be referred to as beam-based inter-cell mobility, dynamic point selection based inter-cell mobility, and / or non-serving cell-based inter-cell mobility, among other examples. As described in further detail herein, the first LTM technique may enable a network node to use L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) or L2 signaling (e.g., a MAC-CE) to indicate that a UE is to communicate on an access link using a beam from a serving cell or a non-serving cell. For example, in a wireless network where LTM is not supported (e.g., cell switches are triggered only by an L3 handover) , beam selection for control information and for data is typically limited to beams within a physical cell identity (PCI) associated with a serving cell. In contrast, in a wireless network that supports the first LTM technique (e.g., as shown in Fig. 5A) , beam selection for control and data may be expanded to include any beams within a serving cell 510 or one or more non-serving neighbor cells 515 configured for LTM.
[0110] For example, in the first LTM technique shown in Fig. 5A, a UE may be configured with a single serving cell 510, and may be further configured with a neighbor cell set that includes one or more non-serving cells 515 configured for LTM. In general, the serving cell 510 and the non-serving cell (s) 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and a common DU, or the serving cell 510 and the non-serving cell (s) 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and different DUs. In some aspects, as shown by reference number 520, a network node may trigger LTM for a UE using L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE) that indicates a selected transmission configuration indication (TCI) state quasi co-located (QCLed) with a reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB) ) associated with a PCI. For example, in Fig. 5A, the UE may be communicating with the serving cell 510 using a TCI state that is QCLed with an SSB from a PCI associated with the serving cell 510 (e.g., shown as PCI 1 in Fig. 5A) , and L1 / L2 signaling may trigger inter-cell mobility by indicating that the UE is to switch to communicating using a TCI state that is QCLed with an SSB from a PCI associated with a non-serving neighbor cell 515 (e.g., shown as PCI 2 in Fig. 5A) . Accordingly, in the first LTM technique, the network node (e.g., the common CU controlling the serving cell 510 and the non-serving neighbor cell (s) 515) may use L1 / L2 signaling to select a beam from either the serving cell 510 or a non-serving neighbor cell 515 to serve the UE.
[0111] In this way, relative to restricting L1 / L2 beam selection to beams within the serving cell 510, the first LTM technique may be more robust against blocking and may provide more opportunities for higher rank spatial division multiplexing across different cells. However, the first LTM technique does not enable support for changing a special cell (SpCell) for a UE, where an SpCell may be a primary cell (PCell) or a primary secondary cell (PSCell) . Rather, in the first LTM technique, triggering an SpCell change is performed via a legacy L3 handover using RRC signaling. In this respect, the first LTM technique is associated with a limitation in that L1 / L2 signaling can only be used to indicate a beam from the serving cell 510 or a configured neighbor cell 515 while the UE is in the coverage area of the serving cell 510 (e.g., because L1 / L2 signaling cannot be used to change the PCell or PSCell) . Accordingly, Fig. 5B illustrates an example 550 of a second LTM technique, which may be referred to as serving cell-based inter-cell mobility, among other examples. As described in further detail herein, the second LTM technique may enable a network node to use L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or a MAC-CE) to indicate control information associated with an activated cell set and / or a deactivated cell set and / or to indicate a change to an SpCell within the activated cell set.
[0112] For example, as shown in Fig. 5B, the second LTM technique may use mechanisms that are generally similar to carrier aggregation to enable LTM, except that different cells configured for LTM may be on the same carrier frequency. As shown in Fig. 5B, a network node may configure a cell set 560 for LTM (e.g., using RRC signaling) . As further shown, an activated cell set 565 may include one or more cells in the configured cell set 560 that are activated and ready to use for data and / or control transfer. Accordingly, in the second LTM technique, a deactivated cell set may include one or more cells that are included in the cell set 560 configured for LTM but are not included in the activated cell set 565. However, the cells that are included in the deactivated cell set can be readily activated, and thereby added to the activated cell set 565, using L1 / L2 signaling. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 570, L1 / L2 signaling can be used for mobility management of the activated cell set 565. For example, in some aspects, L1 / L2 signaling can be used to activate cells within the configured cell set 560 (e.g., to add cells to the activated cell set 565) , to deactivate cells in the activated cell set 565, and / or to select beams within the cells included in the activated cell set 565. In this way, the second LTM technique may enable seamless mobility among the cells included in the activated cell set 565 using L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., using beam management techniques) .
[0113] Furthermore, as shown by reference number 575, the second LTM technique enables using L1 / L2 signaling to set or change an SpCell (e.g., a PCell or PSCell) from the cells included in the activated cell set 565. Additionally, or alternatively, when the cell to become the new SpCell is in the deactivated cell set (e.g., is included in the cell set 560 configured for LTM but not the activated cell set 565) , L1 / L2 signaling can be used to move the cell from the deactivated cell set to the activated cell set 565 before further L1 / L2 signaling is used to set the cell as the new SpCell. However, in the second LTM technique, an L3 handover (e.g., using RRC signaling) is used to change the SpCell when the new SpCell is not included in the cell set 560 configured for LTM. In such cases, RRC signaling associated with the L3 handover may be used to update the cells included in the cell set 560 configured for LTM. Accordingly, LTM can provide more efficient cell switching to support multi-beam operation, enabling lower latency and reduced overhead by using L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) and / or L2 signaling (e.g., a MAC-CE) rather than L3 signaling (e.g., RRC) to change the beam (s) that a UE uses to communicate over an access link.
[0114] As indicated above, Figs. 5A-5B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 5A-5B.
[0115] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of beam management using AI / ML, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, an AI / ML model 610 may be deployed at or on a wireless node, which may correspond to the UE 120 and / or the network node 110 described elsewhere herein. For example, a model inference host may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120, for use in generating one or more UE-side predictions that may be indicated in a prediction report sent to a network node, or the model inference host may be deployed at, or on, a network node 110, for use in generating one or more network-side predictions that may be indicated in a prediction results indication sent to a UE. In some aspects, as described herein, the AI / ML model 610 may enable the wireless node to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 610.
[0116] For example, as shown by reference number 615, an input to the AI / ML model 610 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, a network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP measurements, L1-SINR measurements, L3-RSRP measurements, L3-SINR measurements, or other suitable measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam, from the first set of beams, may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and / or L3-RSRP / L3-SINR measurement values) into the AI / ML model 610 along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.
[0117] As shown by reference number 620, the AI / ML model 610 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and / or L3-RSRP / L3-SINR measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction.
[0118] As another example, an output of the AI / ML model 610 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a non- codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to the AI / ML model 610. This may enable the AI / ML model 610 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of the AI / ML model 610, as described herein, may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0119] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) . In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., SSBs, unrefined beams, or other beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., CSI-RS beams, refined beams, or other beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) . In one example, the AI / ML model 610 may be used to perform spatial-domain downlink beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 610 may be used to perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. In cases where the AI / ML model 610 is used to perform temporal downlink beam prediction, the Set A beams may be the same as the Set B beams (e.g., for pure temporal beam prediction) , or the Set A beams may be different from the Set B beams (e.g., with or without overlap, to enable spatial and temporal beam prediction) . In general, as described herein, the AL / ML model 610 may be used for spatial and / or temporal beam prediction at a network node 110 or a UE 120, and may be supported for single-cell scenarios.
[0120] Furthermore, in some cases, beam measurements that are predicted using AI / ML techniques may be used to enable AI / ML-assisted mobility, which may be referred to herein as predictive mobility or the like. For example, in an LTM spatial prediction use case, a UE may obtain measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR measurements) for a first set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) SSBs, which may then be used to predict L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and / or other suitable measurements for a second set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) SSBs. In such cases, the predicted measurements for the second set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) SSBs may be used to make mobility decisions and thereby reduce UE power consumption and / or measurement latency in cases where there is a large number of cross-cell beams. In another example, in an LTM temporal prediction use case, a UE may obtain measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and / or other suitable measurements) for a first set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) SSBs, which may then be used to predict measurements for a second set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) CSI-RS beams or other narrow beams for future occasions. In such cases, the predicted measurements for the second set of cross-cell (or inter-cell) CSI-RS or other narrow beams may be used to make mobility decisions (e.g., taking into consideration one or more triggering conditions for conditional LTM based on UE-side temporal beam prediction results) and reduce LTM latency and / or avoid service interruptions (e.g., for inter-DU handovers and / or a non-ideal backhaul) .
[0121] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0122] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of predictive RLM for LTM, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another.
[0123] As shown by reference number 710, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a configuration of one or more LTM candidate cells. For example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an RRC reconfiguration message that indicates the configuration. The one or more LTM candidate cells may become a serving cell of the UE 120 and / or may be cells for which the UE 120 may later be triggered to perform an LTM procedure.
[0124] As shown by reference number 720, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, based at least in part on one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics, a report that indicates one or more predicted radio link qualities associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells for one or more future temporal windows. The one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics may be predicted L1-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, L3-RSRPs, L3-SINRs, or the like for the one or more future temporal windows. The one or more predicted radio link qualities may be associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells in that the one or more predicted radio link qualities may be one or more radio link qualities that the UE 120 is predicted to experience in the one or more LTM candidate cells. The one or more predicted radio link qualities may be associated with the one or more future temporal windows in that the UE 120 is predicted to experience the one or more predicted radio link qualities in the one or more future temporal windows. Thus, in some examples, the UE 120 may estimate and report (e.g., via MAC-CE, UCI, or the like) one or more predicted future radio link qualities for one or more LTM candidate cells regarding one or more future temporal windows. The one or more predicted future radio link qualities may be based at least in part on one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics with respect to one or more predictive RLM-RSs associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells.
[0125] In some aspects, the UE 120 may generate the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics. Such aspects may involve pure UE-based predictive RLM for LTM. For example, the UE 120 may use AI / ML to predict the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics. The UE 120 may estimate and report future RLFs based at least in part on the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics and / or receive assumptions of the UE 120. The receive assumptions may enable the UE 120 to derive the hypothetical PDCCH BLERs.
[0126] In some aspects (e.g., aspects involving pure UE-based predictive RLM for LTM) , the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication to activate an AI functionality associated with transmitting the report. Such aspects may be referred to as an AI / ML framework for pure UE-based predictive RLM for LTM. The AI functionality may be an AI / ML functionality that enables the UE 120 to perform predictive RLM and / or predictive BFD. For example, the network node 110 may activate an applicable AI / ML functionality for the UE 120, which may enable the UE 120 to report predictive future (e.g., predicted) RLM and / or BFD results. The AI / ML functionality may be referred to as “predictive RLM for LTM AI / ML functionality” and / or “predictive BFD for LTM AI / ML functionality” .
[0127] Upon being activated with the AI / ML functionality, the UE 120 may receive an additional indication of a model identifier corresponding to a model (e.g., an AI / ML model) to be used for the prediction. In some examples, the model may be preloaded at the UE 120. In some examples, the UE 120 may download the model. Furthermore, the network node 110 may transmit, and UE 120 may receive, an indication updating the model identifier. For example, if the network node 110 updates configurations / indications on the predictive RLM-RSs, then the network node 110 may also update the associated model identifier.
[0128] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics. Such aspects may involve network-assisted predictive RLM for LTM. For example, the network node 110 may use AI / ML to predict the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics, which may be signaled from the network node 110 to the UE 120. Upon receiving the network-signaled predicted radio link channel characteristic (s) , the UE 120 may estimate and report future RLFs based at least in part on the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics and / or receive assumptions of the UE 120. The receive assumptions may enable the UE 120 to derive the hypothetical PDCCH BLERs.
[0129] In some aspects, the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics are based at least in part on one or more predictive RLM-RSs. The one or more predictive RLM-RSs may be based at least in part on actual SSBs and / or CSI-RSs associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells, virtual RSs that are associated with the one or more LTM candidate cells but not actually transmitted, or the like. If virtual RSs are configured or indicated, then the UE 120 may perform UE-side spatial beam prediction regarding the one or more predicted radio link channel characteristics on the virtual RSs based at least in part on measurements from actual SSBs and / or CSI-RSs with respect to the LTM candidate cells.
[0130] In some aspects, the one or more future temporal windows are associated with one or more starting times or one or more ending times. In some examples, the network node 110 may signal the starting and ending times (e.g., points) on the future temporal windows. In some examples, the starting and ending times may be predefined (e.g., in a standard) , with the starting points defined in association with a network command that triggers the UE 120 to report the feedback. Examples of the network command may include an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command, DCI triggering one or more aperiodic CSI reports carrying the report, a MAC-CE activating semi-persistent CSI reports carrying the report, or the like.
[0131] In some examples, the network node 110 may indicate which LTM candidate cells are to be addressed. For instance, the network node 110 may signal a subset of the RRC-configured LTM candidate cells that are to be addressed. In some examples, which LTM candidate cells are to be addressed may be predefined (e.g., in a standard) . For instance, the standard may predefine that all LTM candidate cells are to be addressed, or that only the LTM candidate cells configured with predictive RLM-RSs are to be addressed.
[0132] Thus, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, configurations or indications with respect to RLM-RSs and future temporal windows associated with the prediction. The network node 110 may transmit the configurations or indications using RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or the like. In the case of RRC, the network node 110 may use an RRC configuration with respect to the LTM candidate cells, an RRC configuration of a CSI report setting or a CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo information element (IE) if the CSI report is used for UE feedback, or other RRC configuration IEs. In the case of MAC-CE, the network node 110 may use an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command, a MAC-CE activating semi-persistent CSI reports if the semi-persistent CSI report is used for UE feedback, or other dedicated MAC-CEs. In some examples, the MAC-CE may down-select from multiple RRC-configured options. In the case of DCI, the network node 110 may use DCI triggering aperiodic CSI reports if aperiodic CSI reports are used for UE feedback or other dedicated DCI fields. In some examples, the DCI may down-select from multiple RRC-configured and / or MAC-CE-indicated or down-selected options. In the case of the AI / ML framework for pure UE-based predictive RLM for LTM, the AI / ML functionality may be RRC-based, MAC-CE based, DCI-based, or the like. For example, the AI / ML functionality may be activated using RRC with the other RRC configurations described herein, using MAC-CE with the other MAC-CE indications described herein, using DCI with the other DCI indications described herein, or the like.
[0133] In the case of network-assisted predictive RLM for LTM, the UE 120 may receive network-signaled predicted radio link channel characteristics with respect to the network-configured or network-indicated predictive RLM-RSs based at least in part on downlink MAC-CE or RRC. In the case of downlink MAC-CE, network-predicted quantities regarding one or more future temporal windows on the predictive RLM-RSs in the applicable LTM candidate cells may be signaled in a single MAC-CE. For example, the single MAC-CE may be a dedicated MAC-CE (which can also be used as a triggering command for the report) , an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command, a MAC-CE activating a semi-persistent CSI report carrying the report, or the like. MAC-CE may be well-suited for the real-time operations involved in performing predictive RLM and / or BFD. Additionally, or alternatively, the network-predicted quantities may be RRC-configured.
[0134] The report may contain any suitable reporting quantities. In some aspects (e.g., for predictive RLM) , one or more out-of-synchronization incidents are predicted to occur in the one or more future temporal windows for the one or more LTM candidate cells. Thus, in some examples, the reporting quantities may include only incidents where out-of-synchronization is predicted for certain LTM candidate cells and future windows. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the report (e.g., via MAC-CE) containing only such out-of-synchronization incidents together with the predicted future windows (e.g., window identifiers) . The MAC-CE may be triggered in response to the UE 120 identifying at least one out-of-synchronization incident for a certain LTM candidate cell and a certain future temporal window.
[0135] In some aspects (e.g., for predictive RLM) , at least one of an out-of-synchronization incident or an in-synchronization incident may be predicted to occur in the one or more future temporal windows for the one or more LTM candidate cells. Thus, in some examples, the reporting quantities may include incidents where at least one of an out-of-synchronization incident or an in-synchronization incident is predicted for certain LTM candidate cells and future windows. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the report (e.g., via MAC-CE) containing such out-of-synchronization incidents and / or in-synchronization incidents together with the predicted future windows (e.g., window identifiers) . The MAC-CE may be triggered in response to the UE 120 identifying at least one out-of-synchronization incident or in-synchronization incident for a certain LTM candidate cell and a certain future temporal window.
[0136] In some aspects (e.g., for predictive RLM) , an incident that is not an out-of-synchronization incident or an in-synchronization incident may be predicted to occur in the one or more future temporal windows for the one or more LTM candidate cells. For example, in addition to at least one of an out-of-synchronization incident or an in-synchronization incident, the reporting quantities may include incidents for applicable future windows where neither an in-synchronization incident nor an out-of-synchronization incident is predicted with respect to certain LTM candidate cells. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the report (e.g., as a CSI report or via MAC-CE) containing (e.g., addressing) all applicable LTM candidate cells and future temporal windows. Thus, for a given LTM candidate cell and a future temporal window, the UE 120 may report the one or more predicted radio link qualities as one or more of out-of-synchronization incidents, in-synchronization incidents, or incidents that are neither out-of-synchronization nor in-synchronization incidents.
[0137] In some aspects (e.g., for predictive RLM) , the one or more predicted radio link qualities may include one or more predicted hypothetical BLERs. Thus, in some examples, the reporting quantities may include one or more estimated PDCCH hypothetical BLERs predicted for the LTM candidate cells and the future temporal windows. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the report (e.g., as a CSI report or via MAC-CE) containing (e.g., addressing) all applicable LTM candidate cells and future temporal windows. Thus, for a given LTM candidate cell and a future temporal window, the UE 120 may report the PDCCH hypothesis BLER values with respect to all respective RLM-RSs.
[0138] The UE 120 may determine whether the incident is out-of-synchronization, in-synchronization, or neither. Criteria to predict whether future incidents are out-of-synchronization, in-synchronization, or neither regarding a certain LTM candidate cell and a certain future temporal window may be based at least in part on extensions to methods for determining whether incidents are out-of-synchronization or in-synchronization with respect to an active downlink BWP.
[0139] In some aspects, the one or more predicted radio link qualities include one or more predicted PDCCH hypothetical BLERs. For example, the UE 120 may evaluate the incident based at least in part on a predicted PDCCH hypothesis BLER (e.g., instead of a measurement-based hypothesis BLER) . In some aspects, the one or more predicted PDCCH hypothetical block error rates may be associated with one or more per-LTM-candidate-cell thresholds (e.g., an out-of-sync threshold, Qout, and an in-sync threshold, Qin) . For example, the values of Qout and Qin may be predefined (e.g., in a standard) and / or configured by the network node 110 for different LTM candidate cells. For example, Qout may be defined as a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received and may have a value that corresponds to an out-of-sync BLER (BLERout) (e.g., 10%) , and Qin may be defined as a level at which the downlink radio link can be received with significantly more reliability than at Qout received and may have a value that corresponds to an in-sync BLER (BLERin) (e.g., 2%) .
[0140] For example, in Fig. 7, reference number 730 corresponds to an example of predictive RLM. In such an example, the UE 120 may identify, for a set of LTM candidate cells 732, and using predictive RLM-RSs 734, predicted radio link qualities with respect to a set of future temporal windows 736. The predictive RLM-RSs 734 may include SSBs, CSI-RSs, virtual RSs, or the like, and may assist the UE 120 in predicting the future radio link qualities via predicted radio link channel characteristics (e.g., predicted future L1-RSRPs, L3-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, L3-SINRs, or the like) . The predicted radio link channel characteristics may be predicted by the UE 120 or the network node 110. As shown by reference number 738, the UE 120 may report, to the network node 110, an out-of-sync (OOS) status, an in-sync (IS) status, or a neither out-of-sync nor in-sync status for each LTM candidate cell 732 and associated future temporal window 736. For example, in some aspects, the UE 120 may report, for a future temporal window 736, an out-of-sync status for an LTM candidate cell 732 when each predictive RLM-RS 734 is associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that exceeds Qout in the future temporal window 736, an in-sync status for an LTM candidate cell 732 when at least one predictive RLM-RS 734 is associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that is below Qin in the future temporal window 736, and / or a neither out-of-sync nor in-sync status for an LTM candidate cell 736 when each predictive RLM-RS 734 is associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that is between Qin and Qout in the future temporal window 736.
[0141] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0142] Figs. 8A-8D are diagrams illustrating examples 800 associated with network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive RLM, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, example 800 includes communication between a network node 110 and a UE 120. In some aspects, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate in a wireless network, such as wireless network 100. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate via a wireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink.
[0143] As shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 810, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a temporal predictive RLM configuration that indicates multiple predictive RLM-RSs for one or more cells. For example, as described in further detail above with reference to Fig. 7, the temporal predictive RLM configuration may configure the UE 120 to predict and report future radio link qualities for the one or more cells according to predicted L1-RSRP measurements, predicted L3-RSRP measurements, predicted L1-SINR measurements, and / or predicted L3-SINR measurements associated with the predictive RLM-RSs in one or more future temporal windows. For example, as described herein, the future temporal windows may be defined relative to a time or an occasion when the UE 120 evaluates or predicts the L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements associated with the RLM-RSs. Furthermore, as described herein, the one or more cells associated with the predictive RLM configuration may correspond to one or more serving cells associated with the UE 120 and / or one or more LTM candidate cells that are configured for the UE 120.
[0144] As further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 812, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs for which predictive RLM is suspended (e.g., according to identifiers associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs and the cell identifier (s) associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs) . Furthermore, for each partially suspended RLM-RS, the network node 110 may signal an associated future window that defines a future time period (e.g., relative to a time when the partial suspension is signaled and / or one or more occasions when the UE 120 would have otherwise evaluated, estimated, or predicted L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the partially suspended RLM-RS) . For example, as described herein, the signaling may generally indicate that the UE 120 is to assume that future radio link qualities for the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold (e.g., will be associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that exceeds Qout) during the future window in which predictive RLM is suspended for the predictive RLM-RSs. In some aspects, as described herein, the network node 110 may identify the predictive RLM-RSs to be partially suspended and the future window in which the predictive RLM-RSs are to be partially suspended based on a prediction that beam directions associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs will be blocked during the future window (e.g., using one or more cameras, lidar systems, radar systems, AI / ML models, or other techniques) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 110 may partially suspend predictive RLM for the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs based on the prediction that the beam directions associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs will be blocked being associated with a confidence level that satisfies (e.g., equals or exceeds) a threshold.
[0145] Accordingly, as further shown in Fig. 8A, and by reference number 814, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a predictive RLM report that indicates the predicted radio link qualities for one or more cells in one or more future temporal windows, where the predicted radio link qualities may be based on an assumption that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER associated with each partially suspended RLM-RS will exceed or otherwise fail to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold Qout during the future window in which the predictive RLM-RS is partially suspended. In other words, the UE 120 may refrain from predicting the future L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the partially suspended RLM-RSs when the UE 120 evaluates the future radio link qualities for the cells associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs for the future window, and may instead assume that the partially suspended RLM-RSs will be associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that fails to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold during the associated future window (s) .
[0146] For example, Fig. 8B illustrates an example scenario where the UE 120 is configured with a first set of predictive RLM-RSs (shown as RLM-RS #1, RLM-RS #2, and RLM-RS #3) for a first cell (shown as cell #1) , a second set of predictive RLM-RSs (shown as RLM-RS #4, RLM-RS #5, and RLM-RS #6) for a second cell (shown as cell #2) , and a third set of predictive RLM-RSs (shown as RLM-RS #7, RLM-RS #8, and RLM-RS #9) for a third cell (shown as cell #3) . In the depicted example, the network node 110 may further signal one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs for the first set of predictive RLM-RSs (e.g., RLM-RS #2 and RLM-RS #3) and an associated future window in which the one or more RLM-RSs are partially suspended. Furthermore, the network node 110 may signal one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs for the second set of predictive RLM-RSs (e.g., RLM-RS #5 and RLM-RS #6) and an associated future window in which the one or more RLM-RSs are partially suspended, and one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs for the third set of predictive RLM-RSs (e.g., RLM-RS #7 and RLM-RS #8) and an associated future window in which the one or more RLM-RSs are partially suspended. Accordingly, as indicated by reference number 820, in an occasion when the UE 120 is evaluating the future radio link quality for the first cell, the UE 120 may assume that RLM-RS #2 and RLM-RS #3 will be associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that exceed Qout during the future window when RLM-RS #2 and RLM-RS #3 are partially suspended. Similarly, as indicated by reference number 820, the UE 120 may assume that RLM-RS #5 and RLM-RS #6 will be associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that exceed Qout during the future window when RLM-RS #5 and RLM-RS #6 are partially suspended when evaluating future radio link qualities for the second cell, and may assume that RLM-RS #7 and RLM-RS #8 will be associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that exceed Qout during the future window when RLM-RS #7 and RLM-RS #8 are partially suspended when evaluating future radio link qualities for the third cell. In this way, the UE 120 may conserve resources by not predicting the future measurements for the partially suspended RLM-RSs during the associated future windows. Accordingly, when reporting the predicted future radio link qualities for the cells associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs within the future window, the predictive RLM report provided by the UE 120 may be based on predicted measurements for the predictive RLM-RSs that are not suspended and the assumption that the partially suspended RLM-RSs are associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that exceed Qout. For example, if the network node 110 signals an identifier associated with a certain predictive RLM-RS for a cell and a future window in which the predictive RLM-RS is to be partially suspended, the UE 120 may simply assume that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER with respect to the partially suspended RLM-RS will fail to satisfy Qout at each occasion where the UE 120 evaluates the partially suspended RLM-RS during the corresponding future window. In such cases, the radio link qualities for the remaining predictive RLM-RSs that are not partially suspended may still be based on future L1 / L3-RSRPs or future L1 / L3-SINRs that are predicted by the UE 120 and used to determine the corresponding PDCCH hypothesis BLER (s) .
[0147] For example, when the network node 110 indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs for a future window, the UE 120 may report that a cell associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will have an out-of-sync status during the future window in cases where all predictive RLM-RSs are predicted to be associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that fail to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold during the future window. For example, all of the predictive RLM-RSs associated with a cell may be associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that fail to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold when all of the predictive RLM-RSs associated with a cell are partially suspended, or when each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the partially suspended RLM-RSs is associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that fails to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold. For example, as shown in Fig. 8C, and by reference number 830, the UE 120 generally assumes that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER for each partially suspended RLM-RS will exceed Qout during the future window when the corresponding RLM-RS is partially suspended. As further shown in Fig. 8C, and by reference number 832, the UE 120 may predict that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER for the non-suspended RLM-RS (RLM-RS #1) will exceed Qout during a portion of the future window when the other predictive RLM-RSs (RLM-RS #2 and RLM-RS #3) are partially suspended. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 834, the UE 120 may report an out-of-sync status, corresponding to a cell-level predictive RLF, for the portion of the future window in which the PDCCH hypothesis BLER for the non-suspended RLM-RS is predicted to exceed Qout (e.g., based on predicted L1 / L3-RSRP and / or predicted L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the non-suspended RLM-RS) . For example, the UE 120 may report the out-of-sync status in the predictive RLM report based on all predictive RLM-RSs associated with the cell either being assumed or predicted to fail to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold during that portion of the future window.
[0148] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may report that a cell associated with one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will have an in-sync status during a portion of a future window in which one or more predictive RLM-RSs associated with the cell are partially suspended in cases where at least one predictive RLM-RS associated with the cell is predicted to be associated with a PDCCH hypothesis BLER that satisfies the in-sync threshold during the portion of the future window. For example, as shown by reference number 836, the UE 120 may predict that the PDCCH hypothesis BLER for the non-suspended RLM-RS (RLM-RS #1) will be below Qin during a portion of the future window when the other predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 838, the UE 120 may report an in-sync status for the portion of the future window in which the PDCCH hypothesis BLER for at least one non-suspended RLM-RS is predicted to be below Qin. Additionally, or alternatively, the predictive RLM report may indicate a cell-level predictive beam failure (e.g., reporting a beam failure for the cell) with respect to a future window in cases where there are more than a threshold number of instances where all predictive RLM-RSs are associated with PDCCH hypothesis BLERs that are predicted to exceed Qout during the future window.
[0149] In some aspects, when the network node 110 signals the one or more predictive RLM-RSs to be partially suspended, the partially suspended RLM-RSs may be indicated or configured via RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI signaling. For example, in some aspects, the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, the associated cells, and the associated future windows when the predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended may be indicated in one or more RRC messages. In such cases, the UE 120 may apply the suspension for the indicated / configured predictive RLM-RSs responsive to transmitting an RRC reconfiguration message to the network node 110. For example, in an LTM use case, where the partially suspended RLM-RSs are associated with an LTM candidate cell, the partially suspended RLM-RSs may be configured by the network node 110 in an RRC reconfiguration message associated with the corresponding LTM configuration (s) .
[0150] Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, the associated cells, and the associated future windows when the predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended may be indicated in a MAC-CE (e.g., a dedicated MAC-CE, or a MAC-CE carrying an LTM cell switch command in an LTM use case) . For example, the MAC-CE that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, the associated cells, and the associated future windows when the predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended may be carried in a PDSCH that the UE 120 receives from the network node 110, and the UE 120 may apply the suspension for the indicated predictive RLM-RSs a threshold time (e.g., 3 ms) after transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) message to the network node 110 for the PDSCH carrying the MAC-CE. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 110 may transmit one or more RRC messages to the UE 120 to indicate a candidate pool of predictive RLM-RSs that may be partially suspended, and the MAC-CE may indicate the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs by down-selecting from the RRC-configured candidate pool of predictive RLM-RSs.
[0151] Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, the associated cells, and the associated future windows when the predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended may be indicated in a DCI message. For example, the DCI message that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, the associated cells, and the associated future windows when the predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended may correspond to a downlink grant DCI message that schedules a PDSCH transmission to the UE 120. In such cases, the UE 120 may receive the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message from the network node 110, may transmit an ACK to the network node 110 for the received PDSCH, and may apply the suspension for the indicated predictive RLM-RSs a threshold time (e.g., 3 ms) after transmitting the ACK for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 110 may transmit one or more RRC messages and / or a MAC-CE to the UE 120 to indicate a candidate pool of predictive RLM-RSs that may be partially suspended, and the DCI message may indicate the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs by down-selecting from the RRC-configured or MAC-CE indicated candidate pool of predictive RLM-RSs.
[0152] In some aspects, in cases where the network node 110 partially suspends one or more predictive RLM-RSs, the UE 120 may switch or suspend one or more AI / ML models that are used for predicting future radio link qualities based on predicted L1 / L3-RSRP measurements and / or predicted L1 / L3-SINR measurements for one or more predictive RLM-RSs. For example, as described herein and shown by reference number 840 in Fig. 8D, the network node 110 may indicate a future window in which one or more predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended, which may cause the UE 120 to assume that a PDCCH hypothesis BLER will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold within the future window associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs. Furthermore, as shown by reference number 842, another duration may be defined, relative to the future window associated with the partially suspended RLM-RSs, during which the UE 120 may switch and / or suspend the one or more AI / ML models used to predict the future radio link qualities that will exist during the partial suspension window. For example, as shown in Fig. 8D, the other duration may have a starting time that is X ms prior to the starting time of the future window when the one or more predictive RLM-RSs are partially suspended, and an ending time that is Y ms after the starting time of the other duration. In some aspects, the other duration may be configured by the network node 110 (e.g., by signaling values for X and Y, which may be based on capabilities of the UE 120 or other suitable parameters) , or the other duration may be defined by a wireless communication standard (e.g., by specifying values for X and Y) .
[0153] Accordingly, as shown by reference number 844 in Fig. 8D, the UE 120 may use one or more alternative AI / ML models to predict radio link qualities for the non-suspended RLM-RSs within the future window in each evaluation occasion that occurs during the other time period when the original AI / ML models are suspended. For example, during the time period when the original AI / ML models are suspended, the UE 120 may use the one or more alternative AI / ML models to predict the future L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the other non-suspended predictive RLM-RSs that are not included among the partially suspended RLM-RSs associated with the cell. In some aspects, the original AI / ML model (s) that are suspended during the other duration may occupy a different number of computational resource units from the alternative AI / ML model (s) that are used during the other duration to predict the future L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for the non-suspended predictive RLM-RSs. In some aspects, the specific number of computational resource units included in the original and / or alternative AI / ML models may be defined in a wireless communication standard (e.g., based on a number of input and / or output reference signals) . Furthermore, when the other duration is over, the UE 120 may then resume using the original AI / ML models to predict future L1 / L3-RSRP and / or L1 / L3-SINR measurements for any predictive RLM-RSs that are not suspended.
[0154] As indicated above, Figs. 8A-8D are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 8A-8D.
[0155] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive RLM.
[0156] As shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells (block 910) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may receive, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells, as described above.
[0157] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window (block 920) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window, as described above.
[0158] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0159] In a first aspect, process 900 includes predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, and transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an out-of-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0160] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 900 includes predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, and transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an in-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities satisfying an in-sync threshold for at least one predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0161] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 900 includes transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates a beam failure for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs a threshold number of times during the future window.
[0162] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes one or more RRC messages.
[0163] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 900 includes applying the signaling responsive to completing an RRC reconfiguration procedure associated with the one or more RRC messages.
[0164] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a MAC-CE.
[0165] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 900 includes transmitting, to the network node, an ACK for a PDSCH carrying the MAC-CE, and applying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0166] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a DCI message scheduling a PDSCH.
[0167] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 900 includes receiving, from the network node, the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message, transmitting, to the network node, an ACK for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message, and applying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0168] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process 900 includes receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates a time period, having a starting point and an ending point prior to the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, in which to switch from using a first AI / ML model to a second AI / ML model.
[0169] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 900 includes using the second AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs during the time period.
[0170] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first AI / ML model and the second AI / ML model occupy different numbers of AI / ML computational resource units.
[0171] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process 900 includes using the first AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs after the time period.
[0172] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the one or more cells include one or more of LTM candidate cells or serving cells.
[0173] Although Fig. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0174] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with network-assisted suspension of temporal predictive RLM.
[0175] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells (block 1010) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells, as described above.
[0176] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs (block 1020) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, as described above.
[0177] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0178] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0179] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
[0180] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8A-8D. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0181] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0182] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.
[0183] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0184] The reception component 1102 may receive, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The reception component 1102 may receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0185] The communication manager 1106 may predict, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs. The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an out-of-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0186] The communication manager 1106 may predict, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs. The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an in-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities satisfying an in-sync threshold for at least one predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0187] The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates a beam failure for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs a threshold number of times during the future window.
[0188] The communication manager 1106 may apply the signaling responsive to completing an RRC reconfiguration procedure associated with the one or more RRC messages.
[0189] The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the network node, an ACK for a PDSCH carrying the MAC-CE. The communication manager 1106 may apply the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0190] The reception component 1102 may receive, from the network node, the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message. The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the network node, an ACK for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message. The communication manager 1106 may apply the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0191] The reception component 1102 may receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates a time period, having a starting point and an ending point prior to the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, in which to switch from using a first AI / ML model to a second AI / ML model.
[0192] The communication manager 1106 may use the second AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs during the time period.
[0193] The communication manager 1106 may use the first AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs after the time period.
[0194] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
[0195] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0196] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8A-8D. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0197] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1200 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0198] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0199] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0200] The transmission component 1204 may transmit, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells. The transmission component 1204 may transmit, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0201] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0202] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0203] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving, from a network node, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.
[0204] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; and transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an out-of-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0205] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising: predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; and transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an in-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities satisfying an in-sync threshold for at least one predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0206] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, further comprising: transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates a beam failure for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs a threshold number of times during the future window.
[0207] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes one or more RRC messages.
[0208] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, further comprising: applying the signaling responsive to completing an RRC reconfiguration procedure associated with the one or more RRC messages.
[0209] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a MAC-CE.
[0210] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, further comprising: transmitting, to the network node, an ACK for a PDSCH carrying the MAC-CE; and applying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0211] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a DCI message scheduling a PDSCH.
[0212] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, further comprising: receiving, from the network node, the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message; transmitting, to the network node, an ACK for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message; and applying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.
[0213] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, further comprising: receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates a time period, having a starting point and an ending point prior to the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, in which to switch from using a first AI / ML model to a second AI / ML model.
[0214] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, further comprising: using the second AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs during the time period.
[0215] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the first AI / ML model and the second AI / ML model occupy different numbers of AI / ML computational resource units.
[0216] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 11, further comprising: using the first AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs after the time period.
[0217] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the one or more cells include one or more of LTM candidate cells or serving cells.
[0218] Aspect 16: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting, to a UE, a temporal predictive RLM configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM-RSs associated with one or more cells; and transmitting, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
[0219] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0220] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0221] Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0222] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0223] Aspect 21: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0224] Aspect 22: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0225] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0226] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0227] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0228] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0229] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0230] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0231] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a network node, a temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) associated with one or more cells; andreceiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; andtransmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an out-of-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.3.The method of claim 1, further comprising:predicting, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; andtransmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an in-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities satisfying an in-sync threshold for at least one predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates a beam failure for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs a threshold number of times during the future window.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.6.The method of claim 5, further comprising:applying the signaling responsive to completing an RRC reconfiguration procedure associated with the one or more RRC messages.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) .8.The method of claim 7, further comprising:transmitting, to the network node, an acknowledgement (ACK) for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carrying the MAC-CE; andapplying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a downlink control information (DCI) message scheduling a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:receiving, from the network node, the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message;transmitting, to the network node, an acknowledgement (ACK) for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message; andapplying the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.11.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving, from the network node, signaling that indicates a time period, having a starting point and an ending point prior to the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, in which to switch from using a first artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model to a second AI / ML model.12.The method of claim 11, further comprising:using the second AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs during the time period.13.The method of claim 11, wherein the first AI / ML model and the second AI / ML model occupy different numbers of AI / ML computational resource units.14.The method of claim 11, further comprising:using the first AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs after the time period.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cells include one or more of lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) candidate cells or serving cells.16.A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) associated with one or more cells; andtransmitting, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.17.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a network node, a temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) associated with one or more cells; andreceive, from the network node, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window.18.The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:predict, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; andtransmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an out-of-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.19.The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:predict, in an occasion for evaluating the future radio link qualities for the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs; andtransmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates an in-sync status for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on the predicted future radio link qualities satisfying an in-sync threshold for at least one predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.20.The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network, a predictive RLM report that indicates a beam failure for a cell, of the one or more cells, during the future window based on predicted future radio link qualities failing to satisfy the out-of-sync threshold for each predictive RLM-RS that is associated with the cell and not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs a threshold number of times during the future window.21.The UE of claim 17, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages.22.The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:apply the signaling responsive to completing an RRC reconfiguration procedure associated with the one or more RRC messages.23.The UE of claim 17, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) .24.The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network node, an acknowledgement (ACK) for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carrying the MAC-CE; andapply the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.25.The UE of claim 17, wherein the signaling that indicates the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs and the future window includes a downlink control information (DCI) message scheduling a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .26.The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network node, the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message;transmit, to the network node, an acknowledgement (ACK) for the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI message; andapply the signaling a threshold time after transmitting the ACK.27.The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network node, signaling that indicates a time period, having a starting point and an ending point prior to the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, in which to switch from using a first artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model to a second AI / ML model.28.The UE of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:use the second AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs during the time period.29.The UE of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:use the first AI / ML model to predict future radio link qualities for each predictive RLM-RS that is not included among the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs after the time period.30.A network node for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a temporal predictive radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration associated with reporting future radio link qualities for multiple predictive RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) associated with one or more cells; andtransmit, to the UE, signaling that indicates one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, of the multiple predictive RLM-RSs, and a future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs, wherein the signaling indicates that future radio link qualities associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs will fail to satisfy an out-of-sync threshold during the future window associated with the one or more partially suspended RLM-RSs.
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