Methods and apparatuses for beam management over a plurality of channel paths
By associating QCL states with beams, the method reduces overhead and time costs in beam management, efficiently identifying and switching between non-blocked channel paths to prevent beam failure.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073355
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Conventional beam management methods in wireless communications require excessive time and resources due to beam sweeping across multiple time slots, and fail to efficiently identify and switch between non-blocked channel paths, leading to prolonged beam failure recovery.
Associating quasi co-location (QCL) states with a transmission on a beam to enable beam sweeping in fewer time slots and identify non-blocked channel paths, allowing for efficient power measurement and switching between operational paths.
Reduces overhead and time costs in beam management by enabling beam sweeping in fewer time slots and minimizing signal loss, thereby avoiding lengthy beam failure recovery.
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Figure CN2024073355_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR BEAM MANAGEMENT OVER A PLURALITY OF CHANNEL PATHSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to methods and apparatuses for managing a beam over a plurality of channel paths.BACKGROUND
[0002] New Radio (NR) communication (e.g., fifth generation (5G) , 6G, or later) technologies are usually implemented by utilizing beams in various different bands. A transmit (Tx) beam and / or a receive (Rx) beam can be designed to focus signal power on certain directions such that received signal power is enhanced for better throughput. To produce beams with focused signal power in certain directions, a number of antennas may be typically connected to phase shifters such that phases (and / or amplitudes) resulting from these phase shifters would determine how the beams may be shaped in the certain directions. When operating at high frequencies, communications between a Rx device and a Tx device are performed on channels that are characterized by a number of channel paths. Beams providing a highest received signal power in respective directions may be designed and produced to be transmitted on at least one of the number of channel paths.
[0003] Conventionally, in order to capture or identify a multi-path channel including a plurality of channel paths between the Tx device and Rx device, beam sweeping may be performed in different time slots to identify one or more beams in different directions..
[0004] Beam sweeping may be performed in multiple different time slots and involves measurement of respective metrics (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) or reference signal received power (RSRP) ) associated with each beam) of a plurality of beams. Because beams with good metrics are assumed to align with channel paths with favourable communication conditions, the Tx device may continuously perform the beam sweeping in the multiple different time slots until beams with good metrics are identified. Although this approach may be simple and help easily distinguish different channel paths, additional time cost (e.g., performing on multiple different time slots) and a large amount of frequency resources may be needed. Furthermore, when both the Tx device and the Rx device perform beam sweeping, an overhead of beam sweeping is multiplicative based on a respective number of beams of the Tx device and the Rx device. In many scenarios, the number of beams at each side increases with the number of antenna elements on that side.
[0005] Thus, it is desirable to provide methods and apparatuses to solve at least one problem (e.g., reduce the overhead for beam sweeping) in the beam management.SUMMARY
[0006] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods for associating a number of quasi co-location (QCL) states with a transmission on a transmit (Tx) beam. Such a method of mapping the number of QCL states to a plurality of channel paths of the transmission on a Tx beam may enable beam sweeping to be performed in one time slot, or more generally, fewer time slots than used by other conventional methods, which may help to decrease overhead expenses of the beam sweeping. Furthermore, information regarding measured parameters of more than one channel paths of the Tx beam may be reported between communication devices. Thus, loss of a signal on any channel paths among the channel paths of the Tx beam may be mitigated.
[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods for identifying non-blocked channel paths among the plurality of channel paths of the Tx beam. Such a method may enable path switching on the same Tx beam to be performed from a channel path that appears to be blocked to a channel path that does not appear to be blocked, which may help to avoid beam switching from this Tx beam to another different Tx beam. When there is still an operative and non-blocked channel path existing in the Tx beam, the Tx beam does not fail, which may also help to avoid a lengthy beam failure recovery.
[0008] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a method including: receiving, at a receiving device, a configuration indication that a plurality of quasi co-location (QCL) parameters correspond to a transmission on a beam from a transmitting device over a plurality of channel paths; performing beam sweeping, at the receiving device, for a plurality of receive (Rx) beams corresponding to the plurality of channel paths; and measuring power on each of the plurality of Rx beams. The measured power of each Rx beam is measured power associated with a respective one of the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0009] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.
[0010] In some embodiments, the plurality of QCL parameters is at least two QCL parameters selected from the group of QCL-TypeA parameters, QCL-TypeB parameters, QCL-TypeC parameters, and QCL-TypeD parameters.
[0011] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reporting at least one measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0012] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reporting respective identifiers associated with the plurality of QCL parameters. Each of the respective identifiers corresponds to measured power of a respective one of the plurality of Rx beams.
[0013] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reporting that a total number of the plurality of Rx beams is less than a total number of the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0014] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reporting a delay associated with one or more channel path received by one or more Rx beams. The delay includes: a round trip delay associated with a channel path where an Rx beam is received; or a relative delay between the plurality of channel paths where the plurality of Rx beams are received.
[0015] In some embodiments, the beam transmitted by the transmitting device is a first transmit (Tx) beam, and the plurality of Rx beams is a first plurality of Rx beams, the method further includes: performing beam sweeping, at the receiving device, for a second plurality of Rx beams corresponding to the plurality of channel paths of transmission of a second Tx beam from the transmitting device; measuring power of each of the second plurality of Rx beams based on the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0016] In some embodiments, the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel type information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) .
[0017] In some embodiments, the configuration indication is a transmission configuration indication (TCI) that is included in a downlink control information (DCI) scheduling.
[0018] In some embodiments, the configuration indication is included in radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0019] In some embodiments, the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a fixed number of QCL parameters that the receiving device is to report to the transmitting device.
[0020] In some embodiments, the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a variable number of QCL parameters that the receiving device is to report to the transmitting device. The plurality of QCL parameters is based on measurement constraints.
[0021] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving at least one power criteria used to determine which measured powers associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters are to be reported to the transmitting device by the receiving device.
[0022] In some embodiments, the method further includes: determining if at least one of measured power satisfies the at least one power criteria; and reporting measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters that satisfies the at least one power criteria.
[0023] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a device including: a processor; and a computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method as described above or detailed below.
[0024] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method as described above or detail below.
[0025] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a method including: when power of a first Rx beam on a monitored channel path fails to satisfy one or more power criterion, and the first Rx beam corresponds to a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter that is one of a plurality of QCL parameters of a transmission on a beam on the monitored channel path from a transmitting device, performing beam sweeping, for at least one second Rx beam, the at least one second Rx beam corresponds to at least one of a remainder of the plurality of QCL parameters of the transmission on the beam; measuring power on the at least one second Rx beam, the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam is measured power associated with a respective one of the remainder of the plurality of QCL parameters; determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion.
[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving, at the receiving device, configuration information that the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device is associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, the configuration information providing scheduling information for the transmission on the beam.
[0027] In some embodiments, the first Rx beam on a first channel path corresponds to a first QCL parameter. The determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion includes: determining if the measured power of a second Rx beam on a second channel path satisfies the one or more power criterion, the second channel path is associated with a second QCL parameter; in response to the power of the second Rx beam on the second channel path satisfying the one or more power criterion, reporting that the transmission is operational on the second channel path.
[0028] In some embodiments, the method further includes: communicating with the transmitting device by using a communication scheme on the monitored channel path, the monitored channel path is a first channel path where the first Rx beam associated with a first QCL parameter is received; the determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion further includes: determining if the measured power of a second Rx beam on a second channel path satisfies the one or more power criterion, the second channel path is associated with a second QCL parameter; in response to the power of the second Rx beam on the second channel path satisfying the one or more power criterion, switching from the first channel path to the second channel path.
[0029] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.
[0030] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in a field of radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0031] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control signaling.
[0032] In some embodiments, the reporting is transmitted in uplink control information (UCI) .
[0033] In some embodiments, the reporting is transmitted in media access control address control element (MAC-CE) .
[0034] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a device including: a processor; and a computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method as described above or detailed below.
[0035] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method as described above or detail below.
[0036] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a method including: transmitting, at a transmitting device, a configuration indication that a plurality of quasi co-location (QCL) parameters correspond to a transmission on a beam from the transmitting device over a plurality of channel paths; and transmitting the beam on the plurality of channel paths. The beam corresponds to a plurality of receive (Rx) beams received at a receiving device.
[0037] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.
[0038] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a report of at least one power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0039] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving respective identifiers associated with the plurality of QCL parameters. Each of the respective identifiers corresponds to power of a respective one of the plurality of Rx beams.
[0040] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a report that a total number of the plurality of Rx beams is less than a total number of the plurality of QCL parameters.
[0041] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a report of an average delay among the plurality of Rx beams.
[0042] In some embodiments, the beam transmitted by the transmitting device is a first transmit (Tx) beam, the method further includes: transmitting a second Tx beam corresponding to a second plurality of Rx beams on the plurality of channel paths for use by the receiving device to measure power for each of the second plurality of Rx beams based on the plurality of QCL parameters determined for the second Tx beam.
[0043] In some embodiments, the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel type information-reference signal (CSI-RS) a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) .
[0044] In some embodiments, the configuration indication is a transmission configuration indication (TCI) that is included in a downlink control information (DCI) scheduling.
[0045] In some embodiments, the configuration indication is included in radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0046] In some embodiments, the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a fixed number of QCL parameters that a receiving device is to report to the transmitting device.
[0047] In some embodiments, the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a variable number of QCL parameters that a receiving device is to report to the transmitting device. The plurality of QCL parameters is based on measurement constraints.
[0048] In some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting at least one power criteria used to determine which measured powers associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters are to be reported to the transmitting device by the receiving device.
[0049] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a report that measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters that satisfies the at least one power criteria.
[0050] In some embodiments, the beam is a first beam, the method further includes: transmitting a second beam on the plurality of channel paths. The second beam corresponds to a plurality of receive (Rx) beams received at a receiving device.
[0051] In some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting configuration information including an indication that the transmission on the second beam is associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, the configuration information further including scheduling information for the transmission on the second beam.
[0052] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a report that the transmission is operational on one of the plurality of channel paths.
[0053] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in a field of radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0054] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control signaling.
[0055] In some embodiments, the report is received in uplink control information (UCI) .
[0056] In some embodiments, the report is received in media access control address control element (MAC-CE) .
[0057] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a device including: a processor; and a computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method as described above or detailed below.
[0058] According to aspects of the preset invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method as described above or detailed below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0059] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0060] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0061] FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0062] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0063] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0064] FIG. 5 is a graphical diagram illustrating power at different Angles of Departure (AoDs) of a Tx beam transmitted from a source that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0065] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portion of a radio access network (RAN) architecture that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of associating a number of QCL states with a beam that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 8 is an example signal flow diagram illustrating signalling between a transmit (Tx) device and a receive (Rx) device to perform beam configuration that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of identifying non-blocked channel paths of a beam that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 10 is an example of a signal flow diagram illustrating signaling between a Tx device and a Rx device to perform beam failure detection that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0070] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0071] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0072] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e. DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement an application or module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0073] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods for associating a number of QCL states with a common transmission on a Tx beam over a plurality of channel paths. Such methods enable the Rx device to perform beam sweeping in a single time slot, or more generally, fewer time slots than used by other conventional methods, to measure parameters (e.g., power) of the plurality of channel paths, which may help to reduce time cost and / or frequency resources. Furthermore, since the Tx device could acquire information (e.g., the power measurements) regarding measured parameters of more than one channel paths of the Tx beam, loss of a signal on any channel paths of the Tx beam may be mitigated.
[0074] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods for identifying non-blocked channels among the plurality of channel paths of the Tx beam. Since blocked channel paths and / or non-blocked channel paths of the transmission are respectively identified, a path switching mechanism on the same Tx beam may be performed to switch communication from a channel path that appears to be blocked to a channel path that does not appear to be blocked, which may help to avoid beam switching from this Tx beam to another different Tx beam. When there is still an operative and non-blocked channel path existing in the Tx beam, the Tx beam does not fail, which may also help to avoid a lengthy beam failure recovery.
[0075] FIGs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 following below provide context for a network and devices that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0076] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another and may also or instead be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0077] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, narrowcast, user device to user device, etc. The system 100 may operate efficiently by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0078] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110c, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, a core network 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the system 100.
[0079] The EDs 110a-110c are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wireless communication channels. Each ED 110a-110c represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication device (MTC) , personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, wireless sensor, terminal side device, or consumer electronics device.
[0080] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, multicast, unicast, user device to user device, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0081] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. Although certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 3, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the communication system 100.
[0082] The EDs 110a-110d are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the communication system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110d are configured to transmit, receive, or both, via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 110a-110d represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a UE, WTRU, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, STA, MTC device, PDA, smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0083] In FIG. 2, the RANs 120a-120b include base stations 170a-170b, respectively. Each base station 170a-170b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c to enable access to any other base station 170a-170b, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and / or the other networks 160. For example, the base stations 170a-170b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a Node-B (NodeB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) , a Home eNodeB, a gNodeB, a transmission and receive point (TRP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router.
[0084] In some examples, one or more of the base stations 170a-170b may be a terrestrial base station that is attached to the ground. For example, a terrestrial base station could be mounted on a building or tower. Alternatively, one or more of the base stations 172 may be a non-terrestrial base station, or non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) , that is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example of the non-terrestrial base station. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station.
[0085] Any ED 110a-110d may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other base station 170a-170b, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding.
[0086] The EDs 110a-110d and base stations 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the base station 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other base stations, base station controller (s) (BSC) , radio network controller (s) (RNC) , relay nodes, elements, and / or devices. Any base station 170a, 170b may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. Also, the base station 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other base stations, elements, and / or devices. Each base station 170a-170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some embodiments, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some embodiments, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0087] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c over one or more air interfaces 190a, 190c using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190a, 190c may utilize any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a, 190c.
[0088] A base station 170a-170b, 172 may implement Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) to establish an air interface 190a, 190c using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) . In doing so, the base station 170a-170b. 172 may implement protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Evolved HPSA (HSPA+) optionally including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Packet Uplink Access (HSPUA) or both. Alternatively, a base station 170a-170b, 172 may establish an air interface 190a, 190c with Evolved UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) using LTE, LTE-A, and / or LTE-B. It is contemplated that the communication system 100 may use multiple channel access operation, including such schemes as described above. Other radio technologies for implementing air interfaces include IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, GSM, EDGE, and GERAN. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.
[0089] The RANs 120a-120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a-110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a-120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a-120b or EDs 110a-110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) .
[0090] The EDs 110a-110d communicate with one another over one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b, 190d using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110c communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d. In some embodiments, the SL air interfaces 180 may be, at least in part, implemented over unlicensed spectrum.
[0091] In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a-110d may include operation for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a-110d may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support multiple radio access technologies.
[0092] In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted from a terrestrial BS to the UE or transmitted from the UE directly to the terrestrial BS and in both cases the signal is not reflected by a RIS. However, the signal may be reflected by the obstacles and reflectors such as buildings, walls and furniture. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between the UE and a non-terrestrial BS such as a satellite, a drone and a high altitude platform. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between a relay and a UE or a relay and a BS or between two relays. In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted between two UEs. In some embodiments, one or multiple RIS are utilized to reflect the signal from a transmitter and a receiver, where any of the transmitter and receiver includes UEs, terrestrial or non-terrestrial BS, and relays.
[0093] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and network devices, including a base station 170a, 170b (at 170) and an NT-TRP 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0094] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0095] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0096] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0097] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIGs. 1 or 2) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0098] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0099] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0100] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0101] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices, or to apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices. While the figures and accompanying description of example and embodiments of the disclosure generally use the terms AP, BS, and AP or BS, it is to be understood that such device could be any of the types described above.
[0102] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0103] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0104] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0105] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0106] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0107] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0108] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0109] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0110] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0111] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0112] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0113] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0114] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0115] For future wireless networks, a number of the new devices could increase exponentially with diverse functionalities. Also, many new applications and new use cases in future wireless networks than existing in 5G may emerge with more diverse quality of service demands. These will result in new key performance indications (KPIs) for the future wireless network (for an example, 6G network) that can be extremely challenging, so the sensing technologies, and AI technologies, especially ML (deep learning) technologies, had been introduced to telecommunication for improving the system performance and efficiency.
[0116] AI / ML technologies applied communication including AI / ML communication in Physical layer and AI / ML communication in media access control (MAC) layer. For physical layer, the AI / ML communication may be useful to optimize the components design and improve the algorithm performance, like AI / ML on channel coding, channel modelling, channel estimation, channel decoding, modulation, demodulation, MIMO, waveform, multiple access, PHY element parameter optimization and update, beam forming &tracking and sensing &positioning, etc. For MAC layer, AI / ML communication may utilize the AI / ML capability with learning, prediction and make decisions to solve the complicated optimization problems with better strategy and optimal solution, for example to optimize the functionality in MAC, e.g. intelligent TRP management, intelligent beam management, intelligent channel resource allocation, intelligent power control, intelligent spectrum utilization, intelligent modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy, intelligent transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) mode adaption, etc.
[0117] AI / ML architectures usually involve multiple nodes, which can be organized in two modes, i.e., centralized and distributed, both of which can be deployed in access network, core network, or an edge computing system or third-party network. The centralized training and computing architecture is restricted by huge communication overhead and strict user data privacy. Distributed training and computing architecture comprise several frameworks, e.g., distributed machine learning and federated learning. AI / ML architectures comprises intelligent controller which can perform as single agent or multi-agent, based on joint optimization or individual optimization. New protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be personalized with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency by personalized AI technologies.
[0118] Further terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can enable a new range of services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation, and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility. Terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing could provide intelligent context-aware networks to enhance the UE experience. For example, terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing may involve opportunities for localization and sensing applications based on a new set of features and service capabilities. Applications such as THz imaging and spectroscopy have the potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, non-invasive, contactless measurements for future digital health technologies. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods will not only enable advanced cross reality (XR) applications but also enhance the navigation of autonomous objects such as vehicles and drones. Further in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, the measured channel data and sensing and positioning data can be obtained by the large bandwidth, new spectrum, dense network and more light-of-sight (LOS) links. Based on these data, a radio environmental map can be drawn through AI / ML methods, where channel information is linked to its corresponding positioning or environmental information to provide an enhanced physical layer design based on this map.
[0119] Sensing coordinators are nodes in a network that can assist in the sensing operation. These nodes can be standalone nodes dedicated to just sensing operations or other nodes (for example TRP 170, ED 110, or core network node) doing the sensing operations in parallel with communication transmissions. A new protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be performed with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency.
[0120] AI / ML and sensing methods are data intensive. In order to involve AI / ML and sensing in wireless communications, more and more data are needed to be collected, stored, and exchanged. The characteristics of wireless data expand quite large ranges in multiple dimensions, e.g., from sub-6 GHz, millimeter to Terahertz carrier frequency, from space, outdoor to indoor scenario, and from text, voice to video. These data collecting, processing and usage operations are performed in a unified framework or a different framework.
[0121] Control information is referenced in some embodiments herein. Control information may sometimes instead be referred to as control signaling, or signaling. In some cases, control information may be dynamically communicated, e.g. in the physical layer in a control channel, such as in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . An example of control information that is dynamically indicated is information sent in physical layer control signaling, e.g., uplink control information (UCI) sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH or downlink control information (DCI) sent in a PDCCH. A dynamic indication may be an indication in a lower layer, e.g., physical layer / layer 1 signaling, rather than in a higher-layer (e.g. rather than in RRC signaling or in a MAC CE) . A semi-static indication may be an indication in semi-static signaling. Semi-static signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is not dynamic, e.g. higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling) , and / or a MAC CE. Dynamic signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is dynamic, e.g., physical layer control signaling sent in the physical layer, such as DCI sent in a PDCCH or UCI sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0122] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to knowledge of beam management, for example including beam sweeping, beam failure detection, beam switching, beam failure recovery. Some methods and disadvantages related to conventional beam management will now be discussed.
[0123] Each channel path of a Tx beam may be represented by a certain power level that is associated with angle of arrival (AoA) and / or an angle of departure (AoD) with respect to the source or destination and a delay between the channel paths. Some channel paths may occur over line of sight (LoS) , which is an imaginary line between a source and a destination. In other words, LoS is a direct channel from the Tx device to the Rx device. In other examples, the channel path may occur over non-line-of-sight (NLoS) , in which case obstacles may be located between the source and the destination. Therefore, a signal on the channel path may be reflected or diffracted by one or more obstacles before reaching the destination.
[0124] Conventionally, in order to capture or identify a multi-path channel including a plurality of channel paths between the Tx device and Rx device, beam sweeping may be performed in different time slots to identify one or more beams in different directions, often in a sequential order. In accordance with measurements associated with the one or more beams, the multi-path channel may be identified, or partially identified. Because it is assumed that beams associated with high power have a better alignment with a channel path, beams associated with the higher power are used in communication and beam management. When both the Rx device and the Tx device have beamforming capability, a beam pair including one beam at the Tx device and one beam at the Rx device is to be identified instead of a single beam. In the scenario of beam management, at the side of the Tx device, two or more beam pairs may be utilized so that when one operating beam pair deteriorates, the Tx device switches from the beam pair that has deteriorated to another operating beam. Similarly, the Rx device may also employ more than one backup beam in case of beam failure.
[0125] Furthermore, the beam sweeping may be performed in multiple different time slots and measures respective metrics (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) or reference signal received power (RSRP) ) associated with each beam) of a plurality of beams. Because beams with good metrics are assumed to align with channel paths with favourable communication conditions, the Tx device may continuously perform the beam sweeping in the multiple different time slots until beams with good metrics are identified. Although this approach may be simple and help easily distinguish different channel paths, additional time cost (e.g., performing on multiple different time slots) and a large amount of frequency resources may be needed. Furthermore, when both the Tx device and the Rx device perform beam sweeping, an overhead of beam sweeping is multiplicative based on a respective number of beams of the Tx device and the Rx device. In many scenarios, the number of beams at each side increases with the number of antenna elements on that side.
[0126] Wide beams are extensively employed in a number of applications in the field of beam management. For example, when synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) are transmitted on channel paths, a total number of the SSBs is constrained to avoid long latency for initial access. Accordingly, for a system with a large number of antennas, either the SSBs may be widened, or a codebook may be utilized to design more than one peak in the SSBs. In addition, in research of utilizing AI technologies in the field of beam management, beams (e.g., area specific beams) that have more than one peak to capture more information are customized and applied within AI models. The design of wide beams, beams with multiple peaks, or combination thereof may help to reduce the number of beam measurements. Furthermore, when orthogonal frequency divisional multiple access (OFDMA) is used, the AoD for each of a plurality of Rx devices (e.g., UEs) that are served together by a single Tx device (e.g., BS) may not be aligned. Therefore, wide beams covering the spatial angle range may be used to convey information for the plurality of Rx devices of interest.
[0127] In traditional beam sweeping where a signal, transmitted in (or via) a Tx beam, may propagate on a plurality of channel paths (e.g., a wide beam, beam with multiple peaks, a wide beam with multiple peaks, etc. ) , there may exist an ambiguity whether this beam corresponds on a single channel path or multiple channel paths. Before the transmission of a signal in (or via) the Tx beam, a Tx device (e.g., BS) may configure a Rx device (e.g., UE) for which one single QCL state (e.g., QCL-TypeD state) is associated with the Tx beam. In the present disclosure, the term “QCL state” refers to QCL parameter (s) that are defined according to the QCL type. In other words, each QCL type or each QCL state may be represented by one or more parameters. In an example, when the QCL type defined is QCL-TypeB, then the QCL state includes the parameters of Doppler shift, and Doppler spread. In another example, when the QCL type defined is QCL-TypeD, then the QCL state includes the spatial Rx beam. Therefore when there are multiple states, this means there are multiple parameters for a given type. A QCL state may be used to suggest that multiple signals may have experienced the same channel conditions between a source and destination. For example, a physical downlink control channel may experience similar channel conditions as a synchronization signal block (SSB) . There are multiple factors that may define channel conditions, but the 3GPP standard defines several parameters that include: Doppler Shift; Doppler Spread; Average Delay; Delay Spread; and Spatial Rx Parameter. As a result if one signal is indicated to experience similar channel conditions to another signal, once the conditions are known for one signal, the conditions are also known for the other signal. In a particular example, when channel properties of one signal (e.g., signal 1) and a QCL state relationship with another signal (e.g., signal 2) are known by a Rx device, the Rx device may utilize the channel properties of signal 1 and the QCL state relationships to detect signal 2. Accordingly, when the transmission of the Tx beam is implemented, the UE performs beam sweeping on the plurality of Rx beams and measures power on the plurality of channel paths. Based on the measured power, the UE then identifies a Rx beam with a highest metric (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) ) on a specific channel path. The UE reports the RSRP associated with the identified Rx beam that defines the QCL-TypeD state for that Tx beam. Later on, whenever the BS states a new transmission that has a QCL-D state of the Tx beam, the UE uses the Rx beam that provides the highest RSRP for the Tx beam for the new transmission. To capture the multi-path nature of the channel, several narrow transmission beams may be sent on the multi-path channel and each different Tx beam would be associated with a certain QCL-TypeD state.
[0128] However, there are several disadvantages of the traditional beam sweeping procedures. A first disadvantage is additional time cost and resource usage to perform the traditional beam sweeping procedure. To perform beam sweeping on the plurality of channel paths, the Rx device may continuously sweep the plurality of channel paths in multiple different time slots and may do so for more than one Tx beam, which may cause costly overhead expense.
[0129] A second disadvantage is due to signal loss of one or more channel paths among of the plurality of channel paths. Because information of only one single channel path of the highest metric associated with a QCL state is reported, signalling on other channel paths may be lost.
[0130] There are also several disadvantages of conventional beam failure detection and / or beam recovery procedures.
[0131] One disadvantage is that lengthy beam recovery delays occur when a Tx beam utilized for a transmission fails. Such a “fail” or “failure” means that a metric (e.g., power) of the Tx beam is below than a threshold.
[0132] Once the failure is detected, another disadvantage is due to lengthy beam failure recovery delays, which may be a result of continuous beam sweeping until an operational Tx beam is found and switching from one Tx beam (e.g., detected failed beam) to another Tx beam (e.g., operative beam) .
[0133] The present disclosure depicts that in a muti-path scenario where a transmission of a signal in (or via) a Tx beam, may propagate on a plurality of channel paths, a number of QCL states are associated with the transmission, which may help the receiving device receive all the signaling conveyed in the Tx beam transmitted on the plurality of channel paths. Furthermore, associating the number of QCL states with the Tx beam, a beam sweeping may be performed in a single time slot, or fewer time slots than conventional beam sweeping methods, to measure information of all of the plurality of channel paths. Because the plurality of channel paths are associated with QCL states, when one channel path fails (e.g., is blocked) , switching to other channel paths that are determined to be operational may help to reduce a lengthy delay that may occur as a result of beam failure (e.g., performing beam failure recovery) .
[0134] FIG. 6 is a portion of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) architecture 600 that includes a Tx device 602 (e.g. a base station) configured to transmit on a Tx beam and a Rx device 606 (e.g. a UE) configured to receive the beam transmitted by the Tx device on one or more Rx beams. A representation of the Tx beam 510 in terms of signal power versus angular direction is presented in the graphical representation 500 of FIG. 5. The Tx beam enables a signal to be transmitted over a plurality of channel paths in a single time slot. While Tx device 602 and Rx device 606 may be a base station and UE, respectively, for a downlink scenario, it should also be understood that the Tx device 602 and Rx device 606 may be a UE and a base station, respectively, for a uplink scenario or the Tx device 602 and Rx device 606 may be a pair of UEs for a sidelink scenario.
[0135] As shown in FIG. 5, the Tx beam 510 includes multiple peaks 502 and 504, which correspond to higher power in particular directions. The x-axis of the graphical representation 500 in FIG. 5 indicates a positive or negative angular direction with respect to a reference direction indicated as 0 degrees. The y-axis of the graphical representation 500 in FIG. 5 indicates a power value. The result of the plot indicates power of the beam in a given direction.
[0136] The network architecture 600 in addition to the Tx device 602 and the Rx device 606, includes an obstacle 604. The Tx device 602 transmits the Tx beam 510 to the Rx device 606 on two channel paths 612 and 614. The Tx beam includes two peaks, a peak 504 in a LoS direction and a peak 502 in a NLoS direction. The Rx 606 is able to receive a signal transmitted on the two channel paths 612 and 614 using two Rx beams 608, 610 that are aligned in the LoS direction and the NLoS direction, respectively. Thus, each Rx beam 608, 610 has a different respective angle, which may be expressed as AoA for the received signal at the Rx device 606.
[0137] In some examples, the Tx beam 510 may be a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beam that has different respective linear phase regression along respective groups of antennas. The two peaks 502 and 504 are generated by the Tx device 602 arranging an antenna array, e.g. uniform linear array (ULA) , into a first group of antennas and a second group of antennas. In the particular example of FIGs. 5 and 6, the number of antennas in the first group is greater than the number of antennas in the second group. Antennas in the second group (i.e., with a smaller number of antennas) have a linear phase regression focusing the peak 504 towards the LoS direction, while antennas in the first group have a linear phase regression focusing the peak 502 towards the NLoS direction. While one example is described above in which there are two subsets of antennas and one subset includes more antennas than the other set, it should be understood that this is merely one example and other embodiments may include three or more subsets of antennas and the number of antennas per subset, regardless of the number of antennas, may be equal in size or be different in size of number of antennas.
[0138] In some embodiments, the Tx beam 500 may be a chirp beam having a beam width that may be arbitrarily controlled. This may result in a wider main lobe that has a lower peak power.
[0139] It is noted that for the purpose of clarity and understanding, one transmission disclosed herein means that a Tx beam is transmitted by a Tx device over a plurality of channel paths, and a plurality of Rx beams are received by a Rx device over the plurality of channel paths. As shown in FIG. 6, because the Tx beam has power focused on a plurality of angular directions or is divided into multiple simultaneous beams, the plurality of Rx beams on the plurality of channel paths commonly corresponds to the same Tx beam. Such a transmission is considered as one single transmission.
[0140] In the present disclosure, the Tx device transmits a configuration indication to the Rx device to indicate that a number of QCL states (e.g., QCL-TypeD) , rather than a single QCL-TypeD state corresponding to a highest power, is associated with a transmission. Thus, signalling of more than one of multiple channel paths may be captured by the number of QCL states associated with the transmission.
[0141] Details of associating the number of QCL states with a single transmission will be now described with reference to FIG. 7, which is a flowchart of a method 700 performed by a Rx device, such as the Rx device 606 (e.g. UE) in the network architecture 600, in accordance with example embodiments.
[0142] At step 7002, the Rx device receives a configuration indication from a Tx device, such as for example BS 602 (e.g. base station) . The configuration indication includes that a number of QCL states correspond to a transmission on a beam from the Tx device over a plurality of channel paths. In some examples, each of the plurality of QCL states is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD state, which is a spatial Rx parameter defining beam forming. Although QCL-TypeD states are illustrated and discussed below as exemplary QCL states, this is only illustrative and is not intended to be limiting. In other examples, the QCL states could be any other suitable QCL states and may have different configuration. For example, the QCL states may include at least one of QCL-TypeAstates, QCL-TypeB states, QCL-TypeC states, or any other suitable type of QCL states that may be proposed for beyond 5G. In particular, when the UE is moving, doppler shift and / or average delays between different channel paths of the Tx beam may be different, which may have an impact in communication between the UE and the BS, sensing, or estimating UE speed and direction. In that case, at least one of the QCL-TypeA state, QCL-TypeB state, QCL-TypeC state, or any other suitable type of QCL state may be applied. In some examples, each QCL-TypeA state defines at least one of doppler shift, doppler spread, average delay, delay spread. Each QCL-TypeB state defines at least one of doppler shift and doppler spread. Each QCL-TypeC state defines at least one of doppler shift and average delay.
[0143] At step 7004, the Rx device performs beam sweeping for a plurality of Rx beams corresponding to the plurality of channel paths. In particular, the plurality of Rx beams is transmitted on the plurality of channel paths and corresponds to the Tx beam transmitted from the Tx device.
[0144] At step 7006, the Rx device measures power on each of the plurality of Rx beams. The measured power of each Rx beam is measured power associated with a respective one of the number of QCL-TypeD states.
[0145] Optionally at step 7008, the Rx device reports at least one measured power associated with at least one QCL state of the number of QCL-TypeD states. In other words, when power of each of the plurality of Rx beams is measured by the Rx device, the Rx device may report at least one measure power to the Tx device. In other examples, the Rx device may not report at least one measure power to the Tx device.
[0146] Because the number of QCL-TypeD states are associated with a single transmission, power associated with more than one QCL-TypeD state may be reported to the Tx device to provide the Tx device with information associated with the plurality of channel paths. Reporting the power associated with more than one QCL-TypeD state may allow the Tx device to identify a channel path to be used as well as one or more channel paths that may be used as alternative or backup channel paths if a main channel paths become blocks, which means that signaling loss over the plurality of channel paths may be mitigated.
[0147] Furthermore, because the Rx beam sweeping may be performed for one single Tx beam (or few Tx beams) to obtain information of more than one channel paths in embodiments of the proposed disclosure, continuous Tx beam sweeping in multiple different time slots to identify multiple channel path with a best metric (e.g., lowest SNR or highest RSRP) may be reduced or avoided. Accordingly, overhead expenses of beam sweeping may be reduced as compared to methods in which continuous beam sweeping in multiple different time slots is performed.
[0148] FIG. 8 is an example signal flow diagram illustrating a beam configuration procedure 800, which details how a Tx device 802 (e.g., BS for a DL scenario) communicates with a Rx device 806 (e.g., UE for a DL scenario) to indicate that a number of QCL states are associated with a single transmission in accordance with example embodiments.
[0149] At step 810, connection between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806 is established by an initial access. This may include one or more communications between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806. As initial access is a well-known scenario, a detailed description of the process is not provided here.
[0150] At step 820, the Tx device 802 transmits a configuration indication to the Rx device. The configuration indication indicates a number of QCL states, each of which corresponds to a different channel propagation path of a common transmission on a Tx beam (e.g., beam 500) from the Tx device 802 over a plurality of channel paths (e.g., channel paths 612 and 614 in FIG. 6) . The number of QCL states is configurable. The term “configurable” means that the number (i.e., cardinality) of QCL states could be configured to be a fixed number or could be configured to be a variable number. Details regarding how to configure the number of QCL states will be described further below.
[0151] In some possible configurations, each QCL-TypeD state may be explicitly or implicitly represented by a power value associated with an angle of arrival (AoA) direction at the Rx device 806 on a channel path. In one example, the QCL-TypeD state may be associated with a measured power value (e.g., RSRP) and information associated with the AoA. The information associated with the AoA may include coordinates of a location of the Rx device 806, which may be mapped to coordinates understood by the Tx device 802. Additionally, each QCL-TypeD state may also be associated with a relative angle. For example, a second QCL-TypeD state may be associated with an angle that is relative to that of a first QCL-TypeD state. In some examples, the AoA may also be implicitly indicated by a respective codebook index from a codebook of Rx beams. It is to be appreciated that although the above disclosed approaches to represent each QCL state (e.g., QCL-TypeD state) have been presented for the purpose of illustration, alternative implementations with any possible representation may be contemplated.
[0152] In some embodiments, the number of QCL states is configurable. For example, the number of QCL states may be configured to be a fixed number of QCL states that the Rx device 806 will report to the Tx device 802. In alternative examples, the number of QCL states may be configured to be a variable number of QCL states to be reported to the Tx device 802. In such case, the number of QCL states may be determined based on measurement criteria or constraints (e.g., RSRP criteria or SNR criteria) . For example, with respect to the number of QCL states being a fixed number, the number of QCL states may be fixed to be 1, 2, or any positive integer. With respect to the number of QCL states being a variable number, the number of QCL states may be determined based on RSRP criteria. For example, the RSRP criteria includes reporting power of channel paths greater than -120dBm or reporting channel paths that have less than 30 dB power difference from a channel path with a highest power. In such case, the number of QCL states is a number of channel paths that satisfies the RSRP criteria. Further description regarding how the Rx device 806 is configured to determine the configurable number of QCL states will be provided below.
[0153] The configuration indication may be transmitted in various signaling, for example including being included in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or being included in a transmission configuration indication (TCI) transmitted in a downlink control information (DCI) scheduling, or being in medium access control -control element (MAC-CE) , or a combination thereof , to name a few non-limiting examples. In other examples, RRC may be used to configure and identify the multiple QCL states and DCI to signal one or a subset of multiple QCL states that are used in a transmission occasion in downlink or uplink directions.
[0154] At step 830, the Tx device 802 transmits the Tx beam over the plurality of channel paths to the Rx device 806 at a certain time slot. In some examples, the Tx beam may include a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) , etc.
[0155] In some embodiments, given the certain time slot is a first time slot, and the plurality of channel paths is a first plurality of channel paths where a first plurality of Rx beams is received. In some examples, the Tx device 802 may transmit the identical Tx beam multiple times, such as over a plurality of time slots each of which is different than the first time slot. In particular, in a second time slot, the Tx beam may be transmitted over a second plurality of channel paths where a second plurality of Rx beams are received. By transmitting an identical Tx beam covering the first and second plurality of channel paths over multiple time slots, information of the first and second plurality of channel paths of the Tx beam may be captured thoroughly.
[0156] At step 840, the Rx device 806 performs beam sweeping for the plurality of Rx beams received over the plurality of channel paths at the certain time slot and measures power of the plurality of Rx beams.
[0157] In the case where the Tx beam is transmitted in multiple time slots when different subset of channel paths is used, the Rx device 806 may perform beam sweeping for Rx beams received on each subset of channel paths in a respective time slot. Then, the UE measures power on each subset of channel paths. Therefore, information of all the possible channel paths of the identical Tx beam is measured by the Rx device 806.
[0158] At step 850, the Rx device 806 reports at least one measured power associated with at least one of the configurable number of QCL states to the Tx device 802. In some examples, the Rx device 806 may report at least one RSRP associated with at least one QCL state or a highest RSRP defining a specific QCL state.
[0159] Details of how the Rx device 806 is configured to determine the configurable number of QCL states is now depicted. In some examples, the Tx device 802 may send a configuration to the Rx device 806 to indicate that the number of QCL states is a fixed number. In that case, the Tx device 802 will be aware of information of how many channel paths are to be reported and quantization method used by the Rx device 806. In some examples, the Tx device may perform sensing to obtain information of the channel and determine the fixed number of QCL states based on the obtained information. The obtained information may include the location of the Rx device 806, an environment map including possible one or more reflectors (e.g., reflector 604) around the Rx device 806. Given the fixed number is 2, in such case, the Rx device 806 may report measured power of 2 channel paths (e.g., a channel path with highest power, and a channel path with a second highest power) to the Tx device 802.
[0160] In an example of a variable number of QCL states being configured to be reported, the Tx device 802 may send power criteria (also referred to as power constraints or power measurement constraints) to the Rx device 806. The Rx device 806 utilizes the power criteria as a constraint to determine that measured power of which channel paths could be reported. For example, the power criteria may define an absolute power value. The Rx device 806 then reports any measured power (e.g., RSRP) associated with QCL states that is equal to or higher than the absolute power value. In that case, the number depends on how many channel paths satisfying the absolute power value. In other examples, the power criteria may include a power value relative to a specific value (e.g., highest power value) . In such case, once the Rx device 806 measures power for the plurality of channel paths, the Rx device 806 may calculate relative power value differences between each measured power and the highest power value and then identify power value differences that are lower than the power value. For example, the relative power value is 20dB, and the highest power value is -80dB. The measured power over 4 channel paths include -80dB, -95dB, -99dB, -110dB. Thus, the relative power value differences are 0dB, 15dB, 19dB, 30dB. Because power value differences (e.g., 0dB, 15dB, 19dB) of first three channel paths are less than 20dB, and a power difference (e.g., 30dB) of a last channel path is greater than 20dB, the Rx device 806 will only report power values of the first three channel paths (satisfying the 20dB power criterion) associated with 3 QCL states, rather than information associated with a last channel path that does not satisfy the power difference criteria.
[0161] When Rx device 806 is configured to report a variable number of QCL states, the Tx device 802 may not know the exact number of QCL states to be reported in advance. Thus, the Tx device 802 may allocate resources for a maximum number of QCL states that will be utilized by the Rx device 806 to report. Alternatively, the Tx device 802 may receive the number of QCL states that are reported by the Rx device 806 first, then the Tx device 802will allocate resources for the reported number of QCL states to be utilized.
[0162] In some examples, a total number of channel paths measured by the Rx device 806 may be less than a total number of QCL states. In that case, the Rx device 806 might report this to the Tx device 802. In alternative examples, the Rx device 806 may report Rx beam capability to the Tx device 802, such as the number of possible Rx beams that could be utilized. In yet another examples, the Rx device 806 might determine that measured power of some Rx beams received on some channel paths are not suitable for communication. Thus, the Rx device 806 might report this to the Tx device 802.
[0163] In some examples, the power criteria could be any suitable power constraints, other than RSRP. Other criteria, in addition to power are also possible, including but not limited to, SNR, interference, and noise levels.
[0164] In some implementations, the Rx device 806 may additionally report respective identifiers associated with the configurable number of QCL states. For example, when the Rx device 806 is configured to report two QCL-TypeD states, once the power measurements have been performed by the Rx device 806, the Rx device 806 may report a first identifier (e.g., ID 0) corresponding to first measured power of a first channel path and a second identifier (e.g., ID 1) corresponding to second measured power of a second channel path. The ID 0 represents a first QCL-TypeD state associated with the first channel path, and the ID 1 represents a second QCL-TypeD state associated with the second channel path. Because each identifier may only occupy 1 bit in the report, the identifier and measured power corresponding to an identical QCL-TypeD state may be reported concurrently. It should be understood that as more number of QCL states to be reported, more bits might be needed for identifiers.
[0165] In some examples, each measured power is a RSRP value which is quantized in any suitable approaches. For example, each RSRP value may be quantized to 1dB. In other examples, a highest RSRP value may be quantized to 1dB. A second RSRP value may be quantized to a value relative to the highest RSRP value with a 2dB decrement.
[0166] In some examples, the Tx device 802 and Rx device 806 may use a mechanism, such as sensing, to distinguish directions among different channel paths, which may help to identify a channel path where a blockage is predicted. The Rx device 806 direction may be utilized to prioritize the channel paths. Placing the number of QCL states in an order may be implemented. However, if no sensing is involved, the ordering may be omitted. In that case, the Rx device 806 may name one beam as a first QCL-TypeD state and the other beam as a second QCL-TypeD state. In some examples, the Tx device 802 may use the same QCL-TypeD index numbering as the Rx device 806.
[0167] It is noted that periodicity of sending the measurement report to the Tx device 802 may be varied. For example, at beginning, once the Rx device 806 finish power measurement of the plurality of channel paths associated with the number of QCL states, the Rx device 806 may send the measurement report to the Tx device 802. Afterwards, if there is no change of the measured power of the plurality of channel paths, the Rx device 806 may transmit the report to the Tx device 802 with a low periodicity. In some examples, the Tx device 802 may request the Rx device 806 to report measured power in a specific periodicity. In that case, the Rx device 806 will report the measured power associated with the number of QCL states in the specific periodicity. In another example, the Rx device 806 may be configured to report measured power of a first Tx beam and obtain associated QCL-D states for these RSRP measurements Then, the Rx device 806 may be configured to report measured power of a second Tx beam that is different than the first Tx beam utilized for RSRP measurements using one or more of the QCL-D states that were obtained during the RSRP measurements. In yet a further example, the Rx device 806 may only report measured power if a significant change in AoA of Rx beam associated with one or more channel paths is identified. The significant change means that the AoA change associated with each of the one or more channel paths is greater than a pre-defined or a configured value. In other possible configurations, the periodicity of reporting measured power associated with the number of QCL states may be different from that of the measurements.
[0168] After the step 850 of reporting, alternatively, the Tx device 802 may send one or more reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS) on one channel associated with a QCL-TypeD state for a purpose of one or more of beam identification, channel quality indicator (CQI) measurement, channel state indictor (CSI) measurement, fine beam tuning, beam switching, or various other beam management procedures. The QCL-TypeD state is one of the number of QCL-TypeD states of the signal sent in 830. Hence, the Rx device 806 may assume that these one or more CSI-RS have QCL relationship with the signal received in 830. The Rx device 806 may use the one or more Rx beams used to measure the signal 830 over different paths. In some implementations this may involve measuring on different Rx beams and / or measuring using different spatial filters. Accordingly, once the Rx device 806 finishes the various beam management procedures, besides the measured power reported at step 840, the Rx device 806 may provide feedback of any other suitable information of the channel paths to the Tx device 802. Non-limiting examples of the suitable information may include channel quality indicator (CQI) , channel state indictor (CSI) , pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI) , etc.
[0169] In some applications, in order to distinguish the plurality of channel paths each of which is associated with a QCL-TypeD state, the Rx device 806 may be configured by the Tx device 802 to report an average delay of receiving a reference signal from the plurality of channel paths using one or more Rx beams each of which is designed to be associated with a different respective AoA. Based on information of the Rx device 806 location, nearby reflectors, and the average delay, the plurality of channel paths with different respective AoA are distinguished. Alternatively, once the Tx device 802 receives the report from the Rx device 806 at step 850, based on the report, the Tx device 802 may design a Tx beam that is focused on a particular subset of channel paths from the plurality of channel paths and transmit the Tx beam over the particular subset of channel paths. The Rx device 806 will measure power of the particular subset of channel paths and report it to the Tx device 802. Accordingly, the Tx device 802 could distinguish the particular subset of channel paths based on the measured power of the particular subset of channel paths and the report received at step 850. Since information (e.g., power associated with QCL-TypeD states) of the particular subset of channel paths is captured twice, accuracy of distinguishment among the particular subset of channel paths may be improved.
[0170] At step 860, the Tx device 802 transmits a configuration to the Rx device 806 to inform a communication scheme to be applied between a communication between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806. In particular, when the Tx device 802 obtains the measured power of the plurality of channel paths associated with the number of QCL-TypeD states, the Tx device 802 determines the communication scheme utilized by the communication between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806 and sends the configuration (e.g., TCI configuration) indicating the communication scheme to the Rx device 806. In some examples, the TCI configuration indicates that the communication between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806 is implemented on a single path of a beam (e.g., a selected channel path associated with a QCL-TypeD state) . The selected channel path may be a channel path with highest power. In some examples, the beam may be a DMRS associated with a QCL-TypeD state among the number of QCL states. In other examples, the TCI configuration indicates that the communication between the Tx device 802 and the Rx device 806 could be a higher-rank communication employing multiple channel paths of a beam; e.g., rank-2. The beam may include a DMRS with a number of QCL states utilized by the higher-rank communication. Each QCL state corresponds to a particular power on a respective channel path. In some applications, the communication scheme may be defined by space- time block coding, in order to achieve transmit diversity of the communication. Additionally, the communication scheme may be defined by temporal multi-beam diversity, which utilizes orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a first channel path and switches to other multiplexing manners in a second channel path. A Rx beam on the first channel path of OFDM symbols may include a DMRS associated with one QCL state, and A Rx beam on the second path of other multiplexing manners may include a DMRS associated with another QCL state.
[0171] At step 870, the Tx device 802 communicates with the Rx device 806 by utilizing the communication scheme.
[0172] It is understood that although a QCL-TypeD state is illustrated as an exemplary type of the QCL state to be reported to the BS, in other examples, other types of QCL states (e.g., QCL-TypeA state, QCL-TypeB state, and QCL-TypeC state) may be reported to the BS based on configurations. For example, the BS may configure the UE to report information associated with QCL-TypeA states and QCL-TypeB states. In another example, the BS may configure the UE to report QCL-TypeA state only. In other possible configurations, the BS may configure the UE to report any combination of QCL-TypeA states, QCL-TypeB states, QCL-TypeC states, and QCL-TypeD states.
[0173] It is also appreciated that although an example of associating a number of QCL states with a single transmission that is implemented in a downlink beam is disclosed, this is an example and not intended to be limiting. In other possible configurations, the single transmission associated with a configurable number of parameters / configurations that correspond to a plurality of channel paths of the single transmission could be implemented in any type of Tx-Rx pair communication, such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink.
[0174] In the example of FIG. 8, since a configurable number of QCL states are associated with a Tx beam, information (e.g., power measurements) of multiple channel paths associated with the configurable number of QCL states could be reported to the Tx device and be utilized for communication. Thus, information loss of the multiple channel paths of the beam may be reduced. Furthermore, because the UE could perform beam sweeping on the multiple channel paths of the Tx beam, overhead (e.g., time cost and / or frequency resources) of the Tx beam sweeping may be reduced.
[0175] The detailed report of information of more than one channel path of a Tx beam may be employed in various beam management applications. In some embodiments, the Tx device could perform more accurate sensing based on the detailed report. In the application of performing sensing or fingerprinting, the sensing enables locations of Rx devices to be associated with beam measurements. Once such an association is determined, the locations of the Rx devices could be employed to estimate the beam measurements, which could further estimate which channel path is better. Similarly, the beam measurements may be utilized to estimate the locations of the Rx devices. In the example of FIG. 8, because the Tx device obtains power measurements of multiple channel paths defining the number of QCL-TypeD states associated with a Tx beam or an antenna port or a reference signal (RS) , the Tx device could perform sensing based on the power measurements of the multiple channel paths of the Tx beam. Thus, accuracy of the sensing may be improved, which may in turn help to enhance efficiency of beam management. In some examples, power measurement heat maps vary in different frequencies. Thus, by utilizing different Tx beams each of which operates on a different respective frequency, more information of Rx devices could be obtained, which may improve accuracy of the sensing.
[0176] In other embodiments, the detailed report may be utilized in AI based beam predication. In particular, the detailed report may enable a best channel path of a path in a next time slot to be predicted.
[0177] In some embodiments, because the Tx device could obtain information (e.g., power measurement) associated with the plurality of channel paths, more than one channel path of one single transmission may possibly be utilized for a communication between the Tx device and the Rx device. Thus, possibilities of beam failure may be reduced.
[0178] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method 900 performed by a Rx device, such as the Rx device 606, 806, or 1006 which may be applied in the network architecture 600, in accordance with example embodiments, to implement a power failure detection procedure 1000, which is described further below with reference to FIG. 10. The method 900 comprises:
[0179] Step 9002, when power of a first Rx beam on a monitored channel path fails to satisfy one or more criterion, the Rx device performs beam sweeping, for at least one second Rx beam. The first Rx beam corresponds to a QCL state that is one of a plurality of QCL states of a transmission on a beam from a transmitting device. The at least one second Rx beam corresponds to at least one of a remainder of the plurality of QCL types of the transmission on the beam. The number of the plurality of QCL states of a transmission may have been configured or set by certain manners. For example, the number of QCL states may has been already set in the beam configuration procedure 700 as discussed above.
[0180] In some examples, the beam where the transmission is performed may be referred to as a serving beam. The serving beam may be used for data transmission, control signaling, or other signaling between the Tx device and Rx device.
[0181] Step 9004, the Rx device measures power on the at least one second Rx beam.
[0182] Step 9006, the Rx device determines if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion. In some examples, the Rx device receives the one or more power criterion (e.g., a RSRP threshold value) from the Tx device which is used for beam failure detection. In alternative examples, the one or more power criterion may be set in the standard and / or programmed in the Rx device.
[0183] Reference is now made with respect to FIG. 10, which presents exchanges between the Tx device and the Rx device to implement a beam failure detection procedure 1000 in detail, which may be a procedure after the Rx device sends the report of beam measurement to the Tx device at step 850.
[0184] In the example of FIG. 10, although the Tx device 1002 and the Rx device 1006 are denoted by reference numbers 1002, 1006, the Tx device 1002 and the Tx device 802 may be an identical Tx device. Furthermore, the Rx device 1006 and the Rx device 806 may be an identical Rx device. In other examples, the Tx device 1002 and the Tx device 802 may be different devices. Alternatively, the Rx device 1006 and the Tx device 806 may be different devices as well.
[0185] As discussed above in the example of FIG. 8, at step 850, once the Tx device receives the report of measured power associated with a configurable number of QCL states that correspond to a number of channel paths where a single transmission is performed, the Tx device could acquire channel information of the number of channel paths of a Tx beam and configure the Rx device to establish communication with the Tx device. The communication may be established by a communication scheme in a selected channel path associated with a QCL-TypeD state (correspond to a power measurement) . In some examples, the Tx beam utilized for the beam configuration procedure 800 is a beam that may be referred to as a serving beam. The serving beam may be used for data transmission, control signaling, or other signaling between the Tx device and Rx device.
[0186] In some application, when a blockage happens at one channel path (e.g., RSRP of the channel path starts to deteriorate) that is associated with a configured QCL state, rather than all the channel paths, of the single transmission, the Tx device may configure the Rx device to monitor the channel path and detect if the channel path is blocked. If the monitored channel path is determined to be not operational, the Rx device may determine if any other channel paths of the serving beam are operational. The term “operational” means that a signal received at the Rx device on a channel path has a good strength (e.g., RSRP satisfies a certain threshold) . The Rx device may report that the monitored channel path is not operational and the other channel paths of the serving beam are operational to the Tx device. Such a beam failure detection procedure 1000 may help to reduce beam failure by reporting the operational channel paths to the Tx device.
[0187] FIG. 10 presents a beam failure detection procedure 1000 of detecting possible beam failure in accordance with one example embodiment. In this example, the beam failure detection procedure 1000 might be performed after deterioration of a particular channel path is detected. The particular channel path is a channel path where communication between the Tx device and the Rx device is implemented. Such method may help avoid using a beam failure recovery procedure when other channel paths are not blocked.
[0188] At step 10010, connection between the Tx device 1002 and the Rx device 1006 is established by an initial access. As initial access is a well-known scenario, a detailed description of the process is not provided here. The established communication is implemented on a channel path associated with a QCL state (e.g., QCL-TypeD state) . For example, the channel path is a first channel path, which is one channel path of a plurality of channel paths of the serving beam. The first channel path is associated with a first QCL state, which may be one of a configured number of QCL states.
[0189] At step 10012, the Tx device 1002 may send configuration information to the Rx device 1006 to configure the Rx device 1006 to utilize and monitor a set of resources on the first channel path. The configuration information includes scheduling information for a transmission on the serving beam. Non-limiting examples of transmitting the configuration information may include incorporating the configuration information in a field of RRC signalling or in a field of Layer 1 / Layer 2 signalling.
[0190] At step 10014, the Tx device 1002 transmits a Tx beam identical to the serving beam to the Rx device 1006. The Tx beam is transmitted on a plurality of channel paths of a single transmission. Each channel path is configured to be associated with a QCL state corresponding to a power measurement. The Tx beam may include CSI-RS.
[0191] At step 10016, the Rx device 1006 performs power measurements on the monitored channel path (e.g., the first channel path associated with a first QCL-TypeD state) . The first QCL-TypeD state is one of a configured number of QCL-TypeD states associated with the serving beam. In particular, the Rx device 1006 determines if power on the first channel path satisfies one or more criterion. For example, it is determined if power on the first channel path is less than a threshold (e.g., a RSRP threshold value) . If the power on the first channel path is less than the threshold, it means that the first channel path is not operational and may be considered as being blocked. In such case, the Rx device 1006 will perform beam sweeping for at least one Rx beam and measure power on other channel paths using other configured QCL-TypeD states. If measured power of a second channel path is greater than the threshold, the Rx device 1006 will consider the second channel path is operational and is a non-blocked channel path. At the same time, the Rx device 1006 may record all the measured blocked channel paths and / or non-blocked channel paths among the plurality of channel paths of the serving beam. In some applications, the one or more criterion for beam failure may be set in the standard and / or programed in the UE equipment.
[0192] In some examples, the Rx device 1006 may determine that power of all of the plurality of channel paths is less than the RSRP threshold value. In that case, the Rx device 1006 considers that this Tx beam fails and declares a beam failure. In some examples, to reduce the power measurement and reporting, the Rx device may measure the power associated with the first QCL-TypeD state and report the measured power as long as this power is deemed enough for operations. Then, when the Rx device detects that the power associated with the first QCL-TypeD state is non-operational, the Rx device may measure power using a second QCL-TypeD state. If it is operational, then the Rx device may report to the Rx device that the first QCL-TypeD state is non-operational. If the second QCL-TypeD state is also non-operational, the Rx device would continue checking other configured QCL-TypeD states until either finding one operational channel path and reporting the operational channel path, or otherwise declare a beam failure.
[0193] At step 10018, based on the comparison between the power measurements and the threshold, the Rx device 1006 may identify the second channel path as a candidate channel path to be utilized for communication.
[0194] Accordingly, at step 10020, the Rx device 1006 may report that switching from the first channel path to the second channel path for communication.
[0195] Non-limiting examples of transmitting the report may include transmitting the report in an uplink control information (UCI) or in media access control address control element (MAC-CE) .
[0196] At step 10022, after the Tx device 1002 receives the report, the Tx device 1002 may configure the Rx device 1006 to switch the communication with Tx device 1002 from the first channel path to the second channel path.
[0197] In the example of FIG. 10, when power of the set of resources on a monitored channel path drops to the RSRP threshold value, the Rx device 1006 may start to perform beam failure detection to determine if any non-blocked channel paths exist.
[0198] Since any possible non-blocked channel paths could be identified for a Tx beam with multiple channel paths (e.g., multiple peaks or lobes) , and communication between the Tx device and the Rx device could be switched from blocked channel paths to non-blocked channel paths, such a beam failure detection procedure may help to reduce beam failure probability. Furthermore, because a channel switching mechanism of switching from blocked channel paths to non-blocked channel paths of a same Tx beam could be used for the communication between the Tx device and the Rx device, there is no need to perform conventional beam switching procedures to switch from one Tx beam to another different Tx beam. Furthermore, although the monitored channel path becomes a blocked channel path because the communication can be switched from the blocked channel path to one non-blocked channel path, the beam does not fail. Thus, conventional beam failure recovery procedures may be avoided. Therefore, lengthy beam switching delays and / or lengthy beam failure recovery delays may be reduced.
[0199] In some applications, the beam failure detection procedure 1000 may be applied to Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) which are severely impacted by beam switching delays and / or beam failure recovery delays.
[0200] As described with in FIGs. 9 and 10, the Rx device may first determine if the measured power of the monitored channel path satisfies the one or more power criterion. For example, if the measured power of the monitored channel path is less than RSRP threshold value, the Rx device may compare the measured power of other channel paths with the RSRP threshold. If power of any channel paths is greater than or equal to the RSRP threshold, the Rx device may identify those channel paths and send a report to the Tx device. The report may indicate switching communication from the monitored channel path to any one of the identified channel paths. Additionally, the report may indicate that the identified channel paths power of which is greater than or equal to the RSRP threshold are operational. If power of all the channel paths of the transmission is less than the RSRP threshold, the Rx device may report to the Tx device to declare a beam failure.
[0201] When a monitored channel path of a single transmission starts to deteriorate, such a method 1000 enables any operational / non-blocked channel paths among all the channel paths of the single transmission to be identified. Thus, channel switching from blocked channel paths to non-blocked channel paths may help to reduce lengthy beam switching delay. Furthermore, possible channel path switching could be performed when performance of one channel path deteriorates, the beam might not fail. Thus, beam failure may be avoided. Thus, lengthy beam recovery delay might be eliminated or reduced.
[0202] It is to be appreciated that when the Tx device is a BS and the Rx device is a UE, this is an example in a DL measurement. It is to be understood that similar techniques may be used in other possible implementations where a configurable number of parameters / metrics corresponds to a Tx beam associated with a plurality of channel paths. For example, the Tx device could be a UE, and the Rx device could be a BS in a scenario of UL measurement. In another possible configuration, both the Tx device and the Rx device may be UEs in a scenario of sidelink measurement. In yet another examples, the Tx device and the Rx device could be any suitable devices.
[0203] It is also understood that although the Tx devices 602, 802, 9002 are denoted by different reference numbers, these Tx devices may be an identical Tx device implementing the methods and / procedures as described in FIGs. 7A-10. In other examples, the Tx devices may be different Tx devices. Similarly, the Rx device 606, 806, 9006 may be an identical Rx device implementing the methods and / procedures as described in FIGs. 7A-10. In alternative examples, the Rx devices may be different Rx devices.
[0204] It is also contemplated that in the present disclosure, the measurement criteria (e.g., power criteria) utilized to determine the number of QCL states of a beam may be different than beam failure criteria (e.g., a threshold) employed for beam failure detection.
[0205] The present disclosure describes a method of associating a number of QCL states with a transmission on a Tx beam. In case when a type of a QCL state is a QCL-TypeD state, each QCL-TypeD state represents a power measurement of a respective one of a plurality of Rx beams on a plurality of channel paths of the Tx beam. The plurality of Rx beams commonly corresponds to the transmission. The number of QCL states could be configured to a fixed number or a variable number depending on power criteria. Because the configurable number of QCL-TypeD states can be associated with the common transmission, beam sweeping can be performed on the plurality of channel paths in one single time slot. Thus, overhead expenses may be reduced.
[0206] Furthermore, the Rx device may report measured information of at least one channel path to the Tx device. Information loss of any channel paths among the plurality of channel paths may be decreased.
[0207] Because the number of QCL states are configured to be associated with the plurality of channel paths, when blockage exist in one channel path, a channel switching mechanism of switching from the blocked channel path to other non-blocked channel paths may be implemented. Thus, lengthy time delay of conventional beam switching from one beam to another different beam may be avoided.
[0208] Because there are still operative channel exiting in the beam, the beam does not fail. Thu, lengthy time delay of conventional beam recovery may be avoided as well.
[0209] In some applications, the beam management of the present disclosure may be applied to any beam-based communication, such as URLLC.
[0210] In some embodiments, the power measurements disclosed in the present disclosure may include DL measurement, UL measurement, sidelink measurement or any other suitable measurement.
[0211] In some examples, the present disclosure may be applied in any suitable system, such Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) or Time-division duplexing (TDD) system.
[0212] In some examples, the Tx beam may be a serving beam, a secondary beam, hand over beam, or any other suitable beam.
[0213] Examples of devices (e.g., UE, BS, Tx device, Rx device) to perform the various methods described herein are also disclosed.
[0214] For example, a device may include a memory to store processor-executable instructions, and a processor to execute the processor-executable instructions. When the processor executes the processor-executable instructions, the processor may be caused to perform the method steps of one or more of the devices as described herein, e.g., in relation to FIGs. 7 to 10. For example, the processor may cause the device to communicate over an air interface in a mode of operation by implementing operations consistent with that mode of operation, e.g. performing necessary measurements and generating content from those measurements, as configured for the mode of operation, preparing uplink transmissions and processing downlink transmissions, e.g. encoding, decoding, etc., and configuring and / or instructing transmission / reception on RF chain (s) and antenna (s) .
[0215] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0216] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0217] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0218] While this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method at a receiving device side, comprising:receiving a configuration indication that a plurality of quasi co-location (QCL) parameters correspond to a transmission on a beam from a transmitting device over a plurality of channel paths;performing beam sweeping for a plurality of receive (Rx) beams corresponding to the plurality of channel paths; andmeasuring power on each of the plurality of Rx beams, wherein the measured power of each Rx beam is measured power associated with a respective one of the plurality of QCL parameters.2.The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is at least two QCL parameters selected from the group of QCL-TypeA parameters, QCL-TypeB parameters, QCL-TypeC parameters, and QCL-TypeD parameters.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, the method further comprising:reporting at least one measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method further comprising:reporting respective identifiers associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, wherein each of the respective identifiers corresponds to measured power of a respective one of the plurality of Rx beams.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, the method further comprising:reporting that a total number of the plurality of Rx beams is less than a total number of the plurality of QCL parameters.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method further comprising:reporting a delay associated with one or more channel path received by one or more Rx beams, wherein the delay includes:a round trip delay associated with a channel path where an Rx beam is received; ora relative delay between the plurality of channel paths where the plurality of Rx beams are received.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the beam transmitted by the transmitting device is a first transmit (Tx) beam, and the plurality of Rx beams is a first plurality of Rx beams, the method further comprising:performing beam sweeping, for a second plurality of Rx beams corresponding to the plurality of channel paths of transmission of a second Tx beam from the transmitting device;measuring power of each of the second plurality of Rx beams based on the plurality of QCL parameters.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel type information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) .10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the configuration indication is a transmission configuration indication (TCI) that is included in a downlink control information (DCI) scheduling.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the configuration indication is included in radio resource control (RRC) signaling.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a fixed number of QCL parameters that the receiving device is to report to the transmitting device.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a variable number of QCL parameters that the receiving device is to report to the transmitting device, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is based on measurement constraints.14.The method of claim 13, the method further comprising:receiving at least one power criteria used to determine which measured powers associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters are to be reported to the transmitting device by the receiving device.15.The method of claim 14, the method further comprising:determining if at least one of measured power satisfies the at least one power criteria; andreporting measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters that satisfies the at least one power criteria.16.A device comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 15.17.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method any one of claims 1 to 15.18.A method comprising:when power of a first Rx beam on a monitored channel path fails to satisfy one or more power criterion, and wherein the first Rx beam corresponds to a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter that is one of a plurality of QCL parameters of a transmission on a beam on the monitored channel path from a transmitting device,performing beam sweeping, for at least one second Rx beam, wherein the at least one second Rx beam corresponds to at least one of a remainder of the plurality of QCL parameters of the transmission on the beam;measuring power on the at least one second Rx beam, wherein the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam is measured power associated with a respective one of the remainder of the plurality of QCL parameters;determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion.19.The method of claim 18, the method further comprising:receiving, configuration information that the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device is associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, the configuration information providing scheduling information for the transmission on the beam.20.The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the first Rx beam on a first channel path corresponds to a first QCL parameter, wherein the determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion comprises:determining if the measured power of a second Rx beam on a second channel path satisfies the one or more power criterion, wherein the second channel path is associated with a second QCL parameter;in response to the power of the second Rx beam on the second channel path satisfying the one or more power criterion, reporting that the transmission is operational on the second channel path.21.The method of any one of claims 18 to 20, the method further comprising:communicating with the transmitting device by using a communication scheme on the monitored channel path, wherein the monitored channel path is a first channel path where the first Rx beam associated with a first QCL parameter is received;wherein the determining if the measured power of the at least one second Rx beam satisfies the one or more power criterion further comprises:determining if the measured power of a second Rx beam on a second channel path satisfies the one or more power criterion, wherein the second channel path is associated with a second QCL parameter;in response to the power of the second Rx beam on the second channel path satisfying the one or more power criterion, switching from the first channel path to the second channel path.22.The method of any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.23.The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration information is included in a field of radio resource control (RRC) signaling.24.The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration information is included in Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control signaling.25.The method of claim 20, wherein the reporting is transmitted in uplink control information (UCI) .26.The method of claim 20, wherein the reporting is transmitted in media access control address control element (MAC-CE) .27.A device comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 18 to 26.28.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 18 to 26.29.A method at a transmitting device side, comprising:transmitting, a configuration indication that a plurality of quasi co-location (QCL) parameters correspond to a transmission on a beam from the transmitting device over a plurality of channel paths; andtransmitting the beam on the plurality of channel paths, wherein the beam corresponds to a plurality of receive (Rx) beams received at a receiving device.30.The method of claim 29, wherein each of the plurality of QCL parameters is defined by a respective QCL-TypeD parameter.31.The method of claim 29 or 30, the method further comprising:receiving a report of at least one power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters.32.The method of any one of claims 29 to 31, the method further comprising:receiving respective identifiers associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, wherein each of the respective identifiers corresponds to power of a respective one of the plurality of Rx beams.33.The method of any one of claims 29 to 32, the method further comprising:receiving a report that a total number of the plurality of Rx beams is less than a total number of the plurality of QCL parameters.34.The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, the method further comprising:receiving a report of an average delay among the plurality of Rx beams.35.The method of any one of claims 29 to 34, wherein the beam transmitted by the transmitting device is a first transmit (Tx) beam, the method further comprising:transmitting a second Tx beam corresponding to a second plurality of Rx beams on the plurality of channel paths for use by the receiving device to measure power for each of the second plurality of Rx beams based on the plurality of QCL parameters determined for the second Tx beam.36.The method of any one of claims 29 to 35, wherein the transmission on the beam from the transmitting device comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel type information-reference signal (CSI-RS) a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) .37.The method of any one of claims 29 to 36, wherein the configuration indication is a transmission configuration indication (TCI) that is included in a downlink control information (DCI) scheduling.38.The method of any one of claims 29 to 36, wherein the configuration indication is included in radio resource control (RRC) signaling.39.The method of any one of claims 29 to 38, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a fixed number of QCL parameters that a receiving device is to report to the transmitting device.40.The method of any one of claims 29 to 38, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is configured to be a variable number of QCL parameters that a receiving device is to report to the transmitting device, wherein the plurality of QCL parameters is based on measurement constraints.40.The method of any one of claims 29 to 39, the method further comprising:transmitting at least one power criteria used to determine which measured powers associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters are to be reported to the transmitting device by the receiving device.41.The method of any one of claims 29 to 40, the method further comprising:receiving a report that measured power associated with at least one QCL parameter of the plurality of QCL parameters that satisfies the at least one power criteria.42.The method of any one of claims 29 to 41, wherein the beam is a first beam, the method further comprising:transmitting a second beam on the plurality of channel paths, wherein the second beam corresponds to a plurality of receive (Rx) beams received at a receiving device.43.The method of claim 42, the method further comprising:transmitting configuration information comprising an indication that the transmission on the second beam is associated with the plurality of QCL parameters, the configuration information further comprising scheduling information for the transmission on the second beam.44.The method of claim 42 or 43, the method further comprising: receiving a report that the transmission is operational on one of the plurality of channel paths.45.The method of claim 43, wherein the configuration information is included in a field of radio resource control (RRC) signaling.46.The method of claim 43, wherein the configuration information is included in Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control signaling.47.The method of claim 44, wherein the report is received in uplink control information (UCI) .48.The method of claim 44, wherein the report is received in media access control address control element (MAC-CE) .49.A device comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 29 to 47.50.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 29 to 47.
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