Filter-based prediction
Filter-based prediction modes in video coding improve prediction accuracy and compression efficiency by adapting to local video characteristics, addressing inefficiencies in HEVC and VVC.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/072708
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-07
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding standards like HEVC and VVC face challenges in efficiently predicting pixel blocks due to varying local motion and texture characteristics, leading to suboptimal compression and reconstruction quality.
Implementing filter-based prediction modes, including extrapolation filter-based intra prediction (EIP), decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD), and geometric partitioning mode (GPM), to enhance prediction accuracy and adapt to diverse video content.
Improves prediction accuracy and compression efficiency by utilizing filter-based methods that adapt to local video characteristics, reducing artifacts and enhancing reconstruction quality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025072708_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FILTER-BASED PREDICTIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application that claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 621,638 filed on 17 January 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 550,674 filed on 7 February 2024. Contents of above-listed applications are herein incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to video coding. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods of coding pixel blocks by filter-based prediction modes.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is an international video coding standard developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) . HEVC is based on the hybrid block-based motion-compensated DCT-like transform coding architecture. The basic unit for compression, termed coding unit (CU) , is a 2Nx2N square block of pixels, and each CU can be recursively split into four smaller CUs until the predefined minimum size is reached. Each CU contains one or multiple prediction units (PUs) .
[0005] Versatile video coding (VVC) is the latest international video coding standard developed by the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11. The input video signal is predicted from the reconstructed signal, which is derived from the coded picture regions. The prediction residual signal is processed by a block transform. The transform coefficients are quantized and entropy coded together with other side information in the bitstream. The reconstructed signal is generated from the prediction signal and the reconstructed residual signal after inverse transform on the de-quantized transform coefficients. The reconstructed signal is further processed by in-loop filtering for removing coding artifacts. The decoded pictures are stored in the frame buffer for predicting the future pictures in the input video signal.
[0006] In VVC, a coded picture is partitioned into non-overlapped square block regions represented by the associated coding tree units (CTUs) . The leaf nodes of a coding tree correspond to the coding units (CUs) . A coded picture can be represented by a collection of slices, each comprising an integer number of CTUs. The individual CTUs in a slice are processed in raster-scan order. A bi-predictive (B) slice may be decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most two motion vectors (MVs) and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block. A predictive (P) slice is decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most one motion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of each block. An intra (I) slice is decoded using intra prediction only.
[0007] A CTU can be partitioned into one or multiple non-overlapped coding units (CUs) using the quadtree (QT) with nested multi-type-tree (MTT) structure to adapt to various local motion and texture characteristics. A CU can be further split into smaller CUs using one of the five split types: quad-tree partitioning, vertical binary tree partitioning, horizontal binary tree partitioning, vertical center-side triple-tree partitioning, horizontal center-side triple-tree partitioning.
[0008] Each CU contains one or more prediction units (PUs) . The prediction unit, together with the associated CU syntax, works as a basic unit for signaling the predictor information. The specified prediction process is employed to predict the values of the associated pixel samples inside the PU. Each CU may contain one or more transform units (TUs) for representing the prediction residual blocks. A transform unit (TU) is comprised of a transform block (TB) of luma samples and two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples and each TB correspond to one residual block of samples from one color component. An integer transform is applied to a transform block. The level values of quantized coefficients together with other side information are entropy coded in the bitstream. The terms coding tree block (CTB) , coding block (CB) , prediction block (PB) , and transform block (TB) are defined to specify the 2-D sample array of one-color component associated with CTU, CU, PU, and TU, respectively. Thus, a CTU consists of one luma CTB, two chroma CTBs, and associated syntax elements. A similar relationship is valid for CU, PU, and TU.
[0009] For each inter-predicted CU, motion parameters consisting of motion vectors, reference picture indices and reference picture list usage index, and additional information are used for inter-predicted sample generation. The motion parameter can be signalled in an explicit or implicit manner. When a CU is coded with skip mode, the CU is associated with one PU and has no significant residual coefficients, no coded motion vector delta or reference picture index. A merge mode is specified whereby the motion parameters for the current CU are obtained from neighbouring CUs, including spatial and temporal candidates, and additional schedules introduced in VVC. The merge mode can be applied to any inter-predicted CU. The alternative to merge mode is the explicit transmission of motion parameters, where motion vector, corresponding reference picture index for each reference picture list and reference picture list usage flag and other needed information are signalled explicitly per each CU.
[0010] Intra block copy (IBC) or current picture referencing (CPR) refer to coding pixel blocks by referencing pixel positions within same current picture as the current block by using block vectors.SUMMARY
[0011] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select and not all implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0012] Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for coding a pixel block by filter-based prediction. A video coder receives data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video. The current block may be coded using a motion vector, a block vector, or geometric partitioning mode. The video coder determines parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample. The video coder applies the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block. The video coder generates a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction. The video coder encodes or decodes the current block by using the final prediction.
[0013] In some embodiments, the parameters of the filter are derived based on a reference block that is located by the motion vector or the block vector of the current block.
[0014] The parameters of the filter may be inherited from a candidate in a list of candidates, wherein each candidate provides a set of filter information for configuring the filter.
[0015] The parameters of the filter may be derived based on samples of a reference block or samples of a template region neighboring the reference block or the current block.
[0016] In some embodiments, the video coder applies the filter to generate the filter-prediction of the current block by using samples of the reference block or samples neighboring the reference block or the current block as input to the filter.
[0017] A flag may be signaled to indicate whether to use the filter-prediction to generate the final prediction. In some embodiments, the final prediction is generated by combining the filter-prediction with a non-intra prediction that is generated based on the motion vector or the block vector of the current block. The weighting for the combining may be determined based on a block position, a width, a height, an area, or a partition mode of the current block.
[0018] In some embodiments, the current block may be geometrically partitioned (e.g., by GPM) into at least a first region and a second region, such that the filter is used to generate predictor for at least one of the first region and the second region.
[0019] In some embodiments, the video coder applies a pre-defined process to the final prediction to identify a representative intra-prediction mode. The pre-defined process may include gradient analysis. The video coder may use the representative intra-prediction mode to determine one or more transform settings (e.g., the transform set and / or transform kernel and / or transform transpose flag for the transform process) for encoding or decoding the current block. The representative intra-prediction mode may be stored for reference by a subsequent block.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates 67 intra prediction modes, including 65 directional or angular intra prediction modes (from 2 to 66) .
[0022] FIG. 2A-C illustrate three defined types of reconstructed areas.
[0023] FIG. 3A-C illustrate three defined types of filter shapes that have 15 inputs and generate one output.
[0024] FIG. 4, which shows examples of generating predictions for different positions in the current block by a diagonal order.
[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates using decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD) to implicitly derive an intra prediction mode for a current block.
[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates the positions of spatial merge candidates.
[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of partitioning a CU by the geometric partitioning mode (GPM) .
[0028] FIG. 8 illustrates an CU that is coded by GPM with intra and intra prediction.
[0029] FIGS. 9A-C illustrate the available IPM candidates for GPM with inter and intra predictions.
[0030] FIG. 10 shows an MxN pattern surrounding the position of a to-be-filter-predicted sample.
[0031] FIGS. 11A-C illustrate subsets of a MxN region that surrounds the position to be predicted.
[0032] FIG. 12 illustrates the templates of the current block for deriving filter parameters.
[0033] FIGS. 13A-B illustrate generating to-be-filter-predicted samples at different portions of the current block.
[0034] FIGS. 14A-B illustrate deriving the filter prediction based on the reference block when the current block is coded by non-intra.
[0035] FIG. 15 illustrates a current block being geometrically split into multiple regions by a partitioning mode.
[0036] FIG. 16 conceptually illustrates an example flowchart for enabling and using target filter-based prediction.
[0037] FIG. 17 illustrates an example video encoder that may implement filter-based prediction.
[0038] FIG. 18 illustrates portions of the video encoder that implement target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode.
[0039] FIG. 19 conceptually illustrates a process that uses target filter-based prediction mode to encode pixel block.
[0040] FIG. 20 illustrates an example video decoder that may implement filter-based prediction.
[0041] FIG. 21 illustrates portions of the video decoder that implement target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode.
[0042] FIG. 22 conceptually illustrates a process that uses target filter-based prediction mode to decode pixel block.
[0043] FIG. 23 conceptually illustrates an electronic system with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. Any variations, derivatives and / or extensions based on teachings described herein are within the protective scope of the present disclosure. In some instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and / or circuitry pertaining to one or more example implementations disclosed herein may be described at a relatively high level without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of teachings of the present disclosure. I. Intra Prediction
[0045] A. Intra Mode Coding with 67 Intra Prediction Modes
[0046] To capture the arbitrary edge directions presented in natural video, the number of directional intra modes is extended from 33 (as in HEVC) to 65 (as in VVC) . FIG. 1 illustrates 67 intra prediction modes, including 65 directional or angular intra prediction modes (from 2 to 66) .
[0047] B. Extrapolation Filter-based Intra Prediction (EIP)
[0048] Extrapolation filter-based intra prediction, or EIP, is a process for generating the predictor for each sample in one block.
[0049] In some embodiments, there are three types of reconstructed areas and three filter shapes. FIG. 2A-C illustrate three defined types of reconstructed areas. FIG. 3A-C illustrate three defined types of filter shapes that have 15 inputs and generate one output.
[0050] When the current block is predicted by using the EIP mode, the decoder decodes the relevant syntax elements to determine the selected type of reconstructed area and the filter shape for the current block. The size of reconstructed area depends on the min (blockWidth, blockHeight) and the selected filter shape. For the example illustrated, when the current block is an 8x16 block and the selected filter shape is 4x4. The aboveSize of reconstructed area is min (8, 16) + 4 –1 = 11, and the leftSize of reconstructed area is min (8, 16) + 4 –1 = 11.
[0051] The selected filter moves in the selected reconstructed area either horizontally or vertically with a one-pixel step to construct the auto-correlation matrix and the cross-correlation vector. The calculation of coefficients from the auto-correlation matrix and the cross-correlation vector is the same as that in convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) which uses a convolutional model to improve the chroma prediction performance and whose model coefficients are calculated by minimizing mean-square-error (MSE) between predicted and reconstructed chroma samples in the reference area spatial adjacent to the current block.
[0052] The EIP mode generates predictions for the current block from the top-left position to the bottom-right position by a diagonal prediction order, as shown in FIG. 4, which shows examples of generating predictions for different positions in the current block by a diagonal order from the top-left position to the bottom-right position. In some embodiments, the calculation for predicted samples is as follows:
[0053] where pred (x, y) is the predicted value at (x, y) in the current block, ci is the i-th coefficient of the selected EIP filter, the index of the coefficients is from 0 to 14, t (x-offsetXi, y-offsetYi) is a reconstructed or a predicted value used for the current position’s prediction. offsetXi and offsetYi are the position offsets to the current position along x and y directions, respectively.
[0054] In some embodiments, the coefficients for the current CU can be derived based on the neighboring reconstructed pixels. To derive the coefficients of the EIP filter based on the neighboring reconstructed pixels, the decoder decodes the relevant syntax elements to determine the selected type of reconstructed area and the filter shape for the current block.
[0055] The filter shape and the filter coefficients may also be inherited from the previous decoded blocks with EIP or EIP merge mode. In some embodiments, the decoder decodes an EIP merge flag to decide whether the proposed merge mode is used when the current block uses the EIP mode. A merge index is further decoded when the EIP merge flag is true. The EIP merge list includes spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates, temporal candidates, and history candidates. The constructed EIP merge list can include up to 12 candidates and the list will be reduced to up to 6 candidates by the reordering process based on the SAD cost measured on an L-shape template with column width and row height equal to 1. In the SAD calculation, predictions of the template area by EIP filters are generated only from reconstructed (neighbouring and template) samples, allowing the EIP filters to be applied in parallel rather than sequentially.
[0056] C. Decoder-Side Intra Mode Derivation (DIMD)
[0057] Decoder-Side Intra Mode Derivation (DIMD) is a technique in which two intra prediction modes are derived from the reconstructed neighbor samples (template) of a block, and those two predictors are combined with the planar mode predictor with the weights derived from the gradients. The DIMD mode is used as an alternative prediction mode and is always checked in high-complexity RDO mode. To implicitly derive the intra prediction modes of a block, a texture gradient analysis is performed at both encoder and decoder sides. This process starts with an empty Histogram of Gradient (HoG) having 65 entries, corresponding to the 65 angular intra prediction modes. Amplitudes of these entries are determined during the texture gradient analysis.
[0058] A video coder performing DIMD performs the following steps: in a first step, the video coder picks a template of T=3 columns and lines from respectively left and above current block. This area is used as the reference for the gradient based intra prediction mode derivation. In a second step, the horizontal and vertical Sobel filters are applied on all 3×3 window positions, centered on the pixels of the middle line of the template. On each window position, Sobel filters calculate the intensity of pure horizontal and vertical directions as Gx and Gy, respectively. Then, the texture angle of the window is calculated as: angle=arctan (Gx / Gy) ,
[0059] which can be converted into one of the 65 angular intra prediction modes. Once the intra prediction mode index of current window is derived as idx, the amplitude of its entry in the HoG [idx] is updated by addition of amplitude = |Gx|+|Gy|
[0060] FIG. 5 illustrates using decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD) to implicitly derive an intra prediction mode for a current block. The figure shows an example Histogram of Gradient (HoG) 510 that is calculated after applying the above operations on all pixel positions in a template 515 that includes neighboring lines of pixel samples around a current block 500. II. Inter Prediction
[0061] For each inter-predicted CU, motion parameters including motion vectors, reference picture indices and reference picture list usage index, and additional information are used for inter-predicted sample generation. The motion parameter can be signalled in an explicit or implicit manner. When a CU is coded with skip mode, the CU is associated with one PU and has no significant residual coefficients, no coded motion vector delta or reference picture index. A merge mode is specified whereby the motion parameters for the current CU are obtained from neighbouring CUs, including spatial and temporal candidates, and additional schedules introduced in VVC.
[0062] The merge mode can be applied to any inter-predicted CU, not only for skip mode. The alternative to merge mode is the explicit transmission of motion parameters, where motion vector, corresponding reference picture index for each reference picture list and reference picture list usage flag and other needed information are signalled explicitly per each CU.
[0063] The merge candidate list may be constructed by including the following candidates in order: ■ Spatial MVP from spatial neighbour CUs (Spatial Merge Candidates) ■ Temporal MVP from collocated CUs (Temporal Merge Candidates) ■ History-based MVP from a FIFO table (HMVP Merge Candidate)
[0064] FIG. 6 illustrates the positions of spatial merge candidates. A maximum of four merge candidates are selected among candidates located in the positions depicted in the figure. The order of derivation is B0, A0, B1, A1 and B2. Position B2 is considered only when one or more than one CUs of position B0, A0, B1, A1 are not available (e.g. because it belongs to another slice or tile) or is intra coded. After candidate at position A0 is added, the addition of the remaining candidates is subject to a redundancy check which ensures that candidates with same motion information are excluded from the list so that coding efficiency is improved.
[0065] For temporal merge candidate, only one candidate is added to the list. Particularly, in the derivation of this temporal merge candidate, a scaled motion vector is derived based on co-located CU belonging to the collocated reference picture. The reference picture list and the reference index to be used for derivation of the co-located CU is explicitly signaled in the slice header.
[0066] The history-based MVP (HMVP) merge candidates are added to merge list after the spatial MVP and TMVP. In this method, the motion information of a previously coded block is stored in a table and used as MVP for the current CU. The table with multiple HMVP candidates is maintained during the encoding / decoding process. The table is reset (emptied) when a new CTU row is encountered. III. Geometric Partitioning Mode (GPM)
[0067] A. Geometric Partitioning Mode
[0068] As illustrated, when GPM is used, a CU is split into at least two parts by a geometrically located straight line. The location of the splitting line is mathematically derived from the angle and offset parameters of a specific partition. Each GPM partitioning or GPM split is a partition mode characterized by a distance-angle pairing that defines a segmenting line. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of partitioning a CU 700 by the geometric partitioning mode (GPM) . The partitioning edge is specified by a distance-angle pairing.
[0069] B. GPM with inter / intra and intra prediction
[0070] In some embodiments, one GPM partition of a CU may be predicted by inter or intra prediction while another GPM partition of the CU may be predicted by intra prediction. FIG. 8 illustrates an CU that is coded by GPM with intra and intra prediction.
[0071] As FIGS. 9A-C, the final prediction samples are generated by weighting the inter predicted samples and the intra predicted samples for each GPM-separated region. The inter predicted samples are derived by inter GPM whereas the intra predicted samples are derived by an intra prediction mode (IPM) candidate list and an index signaled from the encoder. The IPM candidate list size is pre-defined as 3. FIGS. 9A-C illustrate the available IPM candidates for GPM with inter and intra predictions. FIG. 9A shows parallel mode for the intra-predicted GPM partition, which is an angular intra-prediction direction that is parallel to the GPM partition edge. FIG. 9B shows perpendicular mode for the intra-predicted GPM partition, which is an angular intra-prediction direction that is perpendicular to the GPM partition edge. FIG. 9C shows planar mode intra prediction for the intra predicted GPM partition. IV. Filter-based Prediction Modes
[0072] Filter-based intra prediction modes can be used to apply filtering to generate a predictor of the current block. An example of a filter-based intra prediction mode is EIP described above. Target filter-based intra-prediction mode (or target intra mode) is a filter-based intra prediction mode in which the filter is applied to samples spatially neighboring the target sample. Thus, EIP is an example of the target filter-based intra prediction mode, though the target filter-based intra prediction mode is not limited to EIP and / or can be any variation of filter-based intra prediction mode. On the other hand, target filter-based non-intra prediction mode (or target non-intra mode) refers to a coding mode in which a predictor of the current block is generated by, for each target sample in the current block, applying a filter to collocated samples neighboring or within a reference block that is identified by a motion vector or block vector.
[0073] In some embodiments, the target filter-based intra prediction mode and / or the target filter-based non-intra prediction mode can be used to form the filter-prediction of a target intra block (an intra coded block that is the target of the filter) . In some embodiments, the target filter-based intra prediction mode and / or the target filter-based non-intra prediction mode can be used to form the filter-prediction of a target non-intra block (a non-intra coded block that is the target of the filter) . The non-intra block may refer to a block coded by inter prediction or block vector prediction.
[0074] A. Target filter-based intra prediction mode
[0075] In some embodiments, a filter (or model) of the target filter-based intra prediction mode includes a filter shape and / or determination of filter parameters. After deciding a filter shape among one or more candidate filter shapes and / or a determination of filter parameters among one or more candidate determinations of filter parameters, the filter of the current block is obtained. For each to-be-filter-predicted sample of the current block, the filter is applied.
[0076] In some embodiments, the filter is applied following a pre-defined order such as horizontal scanning, vertical scanning, diagonal scanning, and / or any scanning order. For example, the pre-defined order is diagonal scanning. That is, the predicted sample located at the position in the first of the diagonal scanning for the current block is outputted first. Then, the predicted sample located at the position in the second, third, …, (block area) -th of the diagonal scanning for the current block is outputted in order. When applying the filter, the input of the filter is combined (or convolved) with the filter parameters to obtain the output of the filter. In some embodiments, the input samples refer to reconstructed and / or filter-predicted and / or predicted samples associated with the current block and / or reconstructed and / or filter-predicted and / or predicted samples associated with the reference region reconstructed prior to or neighboring to the current block in the same picture. Finally, after applying the filter to each to-be-filter-predicted sample in the current block, the filter-prediction of the current block is obtained.
[0077] In some embodiments, the filter shape uses a pattern surrounding (not including) the position (x, y) of the to-be-filter-predicted sample. The pattern is a MxN region or any subset of the MxN region around the to-be-filter-predicted sample, where M is a first pre-defined positive number larger than 1 and / or N is a second pre-defined positive number larger than 1. FIG. 10 shows an MxN pattern surrounding the position of a to-be-filter-predicted sample.
[0078] In some embodiments, M and N can be the same or different. For example, M and / or N are equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, …, or any number specified in the standard. For another example, M is larger than N if the current block has the block width larger than the block height. For another example, N is larger than M if the current block has the block height larger than the block width. For another example, M and / or N are adaptive according to the position (x, y) .
[0079] In some embodiments, a subset of the MxN region that surround the to-be-filter-predicted sample can be the MxN region (a) excluding the region with the horizontal coordinate >x and / or (b) excluding the region with the vertical coordinate > y. FIGS. 11A-C illustrate subsets of a MxN region that surrounds the position to be filter-predicted. The MxN region excludes the region with the horizontal coordinate > x and excluding the region with the vertical coordinate >y. FIG. 11A shows an example in which M = N (so the MxN region is square. ) The method of using the subset of the MxN region is not limited to using in the case of M equal to N and / or can be applied to the case of M > N and / or N > M. For another example, the subset of MxN is the MxN region with (a) + (b) and M > N. For another example, the subset of MxN is the MxN region with (a) + (b) and N > M. FIG. 11B shows an example in which M > N. FIG. 11C shows an example in which M < N.
[0080] In some embodiments, multiple filter shapes are supported and the selection from the multiple filter shapes depends on the explicit signalling at the block-level, CTU-level, slice-level, tile-level, SPS-level, PPS-level, picture-level (for example, picture header) , and / or sequence-level. If the total number of the candidate filter shapes in a list containing multiple filter shapes is K, a syntax is signaled to select a filter shape. For example, the syntax is truncated unary coding. A shortest codeword is used to indicate the first candidate filter shape in the list.
[0081] In some embodiments, multiple determinations of filter parameters are supported and the selection from the multiple determinations of filter parameters depends on the explicit signaling at the block-level, CTU-level, slice-level, tile-level, SPS-level, PPS-level, picture-level (for example, picture header) , and / or sequence-level.
[0082] In some embodiments, the determination of filter parameters may be accomplished by deriving the filter parameters using the template (neighboring region) of the current block. In some embodiments, the determination of filter parameters may be accomplished by inheriting filter information from the previously coded blocks. For this document, a process of deriving filter parameters using the template of the current block may be referred to as a “deriving path” , while a process of inheriting the filter information from previously coded blocks may be referred to as an “inheriting path” . In some embodiments, a video coder may select between using a deriving path or an inheriting path to determine the filter parameters based on the explicit signaling at the block-level, CTU-level, slice-level, tile-level, SPS-level, PPS-level, picture-level (for example, picture header) , and / or sequence-level.
[0083] In some embodiments, when deriving filter parameters using the template (neighboring region) of the current block, the reconstructed samples of the template neighboring the current block can be used as the “golden samples” , and any method to minimize the difference between the “golden samples” and the filtered result can be used to obtain the filter parameters whose filtering result achieves a good matching with the “golden samples” . For example, a regression-based method such as Gaussian elimination and / or any regression method unified with the methods of deriving cross-component models for the cross-component chroma modes may be used to find the filter parameters that minimize the difference between the “golden samples” and the filtered result.
[0084] FIG. 12 illustrates the templates of the current block for deriving filter parameters. The template may refer to top template, left template, top-left template, and / or any combination of the above-mentioned templates of the current block.
[0085] In some embodiments, when deriving filter parameters using the template (neighboring region) of the current block, the selection of the template among multiple candidate templates can depend on the width, height, area, and / or position of the current block. For example, if the position of the current block is located at the top of picture boundary and / or the top of a CTU row boundary, the top template and / or the top-left template are not used for deriving filter parameters. For example, if the position of the current block is located at the left of picture boundary and / or the left of a CTU boundary, the left template and / or the top-left template are not used for deriving filter parameters. For another example, different templates for deriving filter parameters refer to multiple determinations of filter parameters. The selection from the multiple determinations of filter parameters may depend on the explicit signaling at the block-level, CTU-level, slice-level, tile-level, SPS-level, PPS-level, picture-level (for example, picture header) , and / or sequence-level. For example, the size of the template depends on the block position. When the block is at the right picture boundary or any-pre-defined boundary, the top template does not include the template region outside of the current picture or any pre-defined range. When the block is at the bottom picture boundary or any-pre-defined boundary, the left template does not include the template region outside of the current picture or any pre-defined range.
[0086] In some embodiments, when inheriting filter information from the previously coded blocks, the filter information for the previously coded block may be used to decide the filter of the current block. The filter information includes the filter shape and / or filter parameters and / or partial filter parameters. The previously coded block may be located at the area, reconstructed before the current block, of the picture (or frame) the same as the current block or can be located at the area of the picture reconstructed before the current picture (for example, the collocated picture of the current block) .
[0087] In some embodiments, the filter information may be inherited from the previously coded block through spatial adjacent candidates (including a left neighboring block and / or an above neighboring block) and / or spatial non-adjacent candidates, and / or history-based candidates, and / or temporal candidates, and / or propagation candidates. Spatial adjacent candidates can be from the left and / or above and / or above-left and / or above-right and / or bottom-left neighboring blocks of the current block, and / or any subset of the above-mentioned positions. Spatial non-adjacent candidates can be from any pre-defined positions in a search pattern around the current block, and / or any subset of the above-mentioned positions. History-based candidates can be from a history buffer which stores filter information of the previously coded blocks. The history buffer is empty at a pre-defined timing. For example, the history buffer is empty at the beginning or the end of a slice, CTU / CTB, CTU / CTB row, picture, tile, sequence, and / or any pre-defined unit. Temporal candidates can be from a buffer which stores the filter information at a referred reference position in the reference frame (or reference picture) and / or a pre-defined collocated picture, and / or stores the filter information at any pre-defined positions nearing the referred reference position. For example, the referred reference position is the collocated block in the collocated picture as inter prediction.
[0088] For another example, in some embodiments, the referred reference position may be indicated using the motion information of the neighboring blocks or any pre-defined blocks associated with the current block. Propagation candidates can be from the filter information at one or more reference positions referring by the motion information of the neighboring blocks or any pre-defined blocks associated with the current block. In one case, a pre-defined order is specified to check all or any subset of the above-mentioned inheriting candidates. If one inheriting candidate cannot find the filter information, this inheriting candidate is bypassed. The first available filter information is used for the current block.
[0089] In some embodiments, a candidate list that includes multiple inheriting candidates is built, each candidate providing a set of filter information for configuring the filter, including the filter parameters. The list size may be fixed at a pre-defined number that is specified in a video coding standard. A pre-defined order is set to insert all or any subset of the above-mentioned inheriting candidates into the list. If all or any subset of the above-mentioned inheriting candidates cannot find enough filter information to put into the list, default filter information is inserted. In some embodiments, the list size is adaptive according to how much filter information can be found using all or any subset of the above-mentioned inheriting candidates.
[0090] In some embodiments, the inherited filter information is selected from the list as follows. If the total number of the inheriting candidates in the list containing multiple inheriting candidates is K, a syntax is signaled to select an inherited filter information from the original list or a reordered list. The syntax may be truncated unary coding. A shortest codeword is used to indicate the first candidate in the list.
[0091] The list may be reordered (or sorted) according to the measurement for each candidate on the template. The measurement for a candidate may depend on the distortion between the reconstructed sample of the template and the predicted samples of the template, which was generated by applying the filter information of this candidate to the template. The candidate with a smaller distortion on the template can be treated as a promising candidate during the measurement. The promising candidates are reordered to be put in the front of the list. In some embodiments, the syntax is not required to indicate a candidate from the reordered list. During the measurement, only the most promising candidate is kept and after checking each candidate in the list, the most promising candidate which has the smallest distortion is selected for the current block.
[0092] In some embodiments, when generating the to-be-filter-predicted samples at the top-left sample of the current block, all input samples of the filtering use the reconstructed samples neighboring to the current block. When generating the to-be-filter-predicted samples near the top and / or left boundary of the current block, partial of the input samples of the filtering use the reconstructed samples neighboring to the current block and partial of the input samples of the filtering use the previously predicted samples within the current block. On the other hand, when generating the to-be-filter-predicted samples at the inner portion of the current block and / or far away from the top and / or left boundaries of the current block, all input samples of the filtering use the previously predicted samples of the current block. FIGS. 13A-B illustrate generating to-be-filter-predicted samples at different portions of the current block. FIG. 13A illustrates the to-be-filter-predicted samples near the top boundary of the current block. FIG. 13B illustrates the to-be-filter-predicted samples at the inner portion of the current block and / or far away from the top and left boundaries of the current block.
[0093] In some embodiments, the target filter-based intra prediction mode is used to generate the luma predictor. Therefore, the current block refers to luma component. For some embodiments in which single tree structure is used, the current block is a luma coding block (CB) in a coding unit consisting of one or more luma CBs and one or more chroma CBs. For some embodiments in which dual tree structure is used, the current block is a luma coding block (CB) in a coding unit consisting of one or more luma CBs.
[0094] In some embodiments, the target filter-based intra prediction mode is used to generate the chroma predictor. Therefore, the current block may refer to one or more chroma components such as Cb and / or Cr. When using single tree structure, the current block is a chroma coding block (CB) in a coding unit consisting of one or more luma CBs and one or more chroma CBs. When using dual tree structure, the current block is a chroma coding block (CB) in a coding unit consisting of one or more chroma CBs.
[0095] B. Target filter-based non-intra prediction mode
[0096] When the current block belongs to a non-intra coding mode, a block vector information (including block vectors) and / or motion vector information (including motion vectors and / or reference pictures) is used to refer to a reference block. If the non-intra coding mode of the current block is inter prediction, the motion information of the current block refers to the reference block in the reference picture or any pre-defined collocated picture of the current picture which is different from the current picture. If the non-intra coding mode of the current block is intra block copy (IBC) and / or intra template matching prediction (intra TMP) , which searches in a pre-defined region and finds a reference block (with the template of the reference block matching well the template of the current block) in the pre-defined region to predict the current block, the block vector information of the current block refers to the reference block in the current picture. Similar to the target filter-based intra prediction mode, a filter (including a filter shape and / or determination of filter parameters) using the reference block of the current block is decided.
[0097] In some embodiments, the video coder uses the template (neighboring region) of the reference block to derive the filter_ref by applying the derivation process in the deriving path based on the template of the reference block (i.e., by using the reconstructed samples of the template neighboring the reference block as the “golden samples” of filter parameters derivation instead of using the reconstructed samples of the template neighboring the current block. ) Then, the video coder applies filter_ref to derive a prediction (denoted as filter_pred_ref) of the reference block. This prediction (filter_pred_ref) may then be used to determine a prediction of the current block.
[0098] FIGS. 14A-B illustrate deriving the filter prediction based on the reference block when the current block is coded by non-intra. FIG. 14A illustrates an example in which a current block 1410 in a current picture has a motion vector (MV) referring to a reference block 1420 in a reference picture. The reconstructed samples of the template region 1425 neighboring the reference block is used to derive filter parameters for filter_ref. The filter filter_ref is then used to generate a prediction (filter_pred_ref) of the reference block 1420. This prediction (filter_pred_ref) can be used to determine a prediction of the current block 1410.
[0099] FIG. 14B illustrates an example in which the current block 1410 has a block vector (BV) referring to a reference block 1430 in the current picture. The reconstructed samples of the template region 1435 neighboring the reference block is used to derive filter parameters for filter_ref. The filter filter_ref is then used to generate a prediction (filter_pred_ref) of the reference block 1430. This prediction (filter_pred_ref) can be used to determine a prediction of the current block 1410.
[0100] In some embodiments, in addition to or regardless of the template of the current block, the video coder uses the samples of the template neighboring the reference block and / or the samples of the reference block itself as all or part of the filter inputs to derive the filter parameters for filter_ref (i.e., by using the reconstructed samples of the template neighboring the current block as the “golden samples” of filter parameters derivation) . Then, the video coder applies filter_ref to generate the prediction filter_pred_ref of the current block. The filter_ref may use the inputs from the reference block. This prediction (filter_pred_ref) may then be used to determine a prediction of the current block.
[0101] In some embodiments, filter_pred_ref is used as a prediction of the current block.
[0102] In some embodiments, filter_ref may be applied with samples in the current block or neighboring the current block as filter input to generate a prediction of the current block.
[0103] In some embodiments, the filter-prediction of the current block using the target filter-based intra prediction mode is combined with filter_pred_ref, and the combined filter-prediction is used to generate the final prediction of the current block.
[0104] In some embodiments, a prediction residual (R) of the reference block (computed by comparing filter_pred_ref and the reconstructed samples of the reference block) is generated and used to modify the filter-prediction of the current block using the target filter-based intra prediction mode. In some embodiments, the residual is calculated as the difference between filter_pred_ref and the reconstructed samples of the reference block, and the filter-prediction from the target filter-based intra prediction mode is adjusted by adding or subtracting the residual. The adjusted filter-prediction is used to generate the final prediction of the current block.
[0105] In some embodiments, for the filter determined using the reference block (filter_ref) , the determination of filter parameters can be inheriting filter information from the previously coded blocks by applying the inheriting process in the inheriting path (described in Section IV. A above) based on the reference block instead of the current block. For example, the spatial adjacent or non-adjacent candidate in the list (of candidate filters) may be from the block adjacent or non-adjacent to the reference block instead of the block adjacent or non-adjacent to the current block. Then, filter_ref is used to derive filter_pred_ref by applying the filter_ref to the reference block or applying the filter_ref to the current block, which can be used to generate the final prediction of the current block.
[0106] For some embodiments, the process of deriving filter_pred_ref based on the reference block is unified with or similar to applying the filter to each to-be-filter-predicted samples in the current block in Section IV. A regarding target filter-based intra prediction mode. Moreover, the signaling methods related to determine the filter for the deriving path and / or the inheriting path may also be unified with or similar to the target filter-based intra prediction mode in Section IV. A above.
[0107] C. Prediction setting of the Current Block
[0108] In some embodiments, a prediction setting is used to generate the final prediction of the current block. For a current block coded by target intra or non-intra mode, the prediction setting determines the final prediction of the current block using at least one of the following four methods: 1. Using only one filter-prediction (or one or more hypotheses of filter-predictions) from the target filter-based intra prediction mode and / or the target filter-based non-intra prediction mode for prediction of a color component. 2. Using a combined prediction of the existing hypothesis of prediction from the non-intra prediction mode and additional one or more hypotheses of filter-predictions from the target filter-based intra prediction mode for prediction of a color component. 3. Using a combined prediction of the existing hypothesis of prediction from the non-intra prediction mode and additional one or more hypotheses of filter-predictions from the target filter-based non-intra prediction mode for prediction of a color component. 4. Using a combined prediction of the existing hypothesis of prediction from the intra prediction mode (which can be any pre-defined or existing intra prediction mode) and additional one or more hypotheses of filter-predictions from the target filter-based intra prediction mode and / or the target filter-based non-intra prediction mode for prediction of a color component.
[0109] In some embodiments, the existing hypothesis of prediction from the non-intra prediction mode may be motion compensation predicted signals if the non-intra mode is inter. The generation of the motion compensation predicted signals follow the original process of the inter prediction mode using this non-intra mode.
[0110] In some embodiments, the existing hypothesis of prediction from the non-intra prediction mode may be block-vector predicted signals if the non-intra mode is intra block copy (IBC) and / or intra TMP, which searches in a pre-defined region and finds a reference block (with the template of the reference block matching well the template of the current block) to predict the current block. The generation of the block-vector predicted signals follow the original process of the block-vector prediction mode using this non-intra mode.
[0111] In some embodiments, a pre-defined process (for example, gradient analysis such as DIMD) is performed on the data (for example, predicted samples or reconstructed samples) of the current block to get the representative prediction mode (for example, representative intra prediction mode) . The representative prediction mode is stored and / or referenced by the current block or subsequent blocks.
[0112] In some embodiments, if the pre-defined process is DIMD, the gradient analysis is applied to a member prediction (for example, filter-prediction) of the final prediction (for example, combined prediction or refined prediction) or the final prediction to get the representative intra prediction mode with the highest histogram value.
[0113] In some embodiments, the current block selects the transform set and / or transform kernel and / or transform transpose flag for the transform process according to the representative intra prediction mode. The transform process may refer to non-separable or separable secondary transform and / or non-separable or separable primary transform. The transform process may also refer to low-frequency non-separable transform. The transform process may also refer to non-separable primary transform. The transform process may also refer to multiple transform set or multiple transform selection.
[0114] In some embodiments, the filter-prediction from the target filter-based intra prediction mode may be the filter-prediction or adjusted filter-prediction described in the Section IV. A and / or Section IV. B.
[0115] In some embodiments, when using the method 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described in this section, when combining predictions, a fixed weighting is set. In some embodiments, the weight for the existing hypothesis of prediction is larger than the weight for the additional hypothesis of prediction. For example, the weight for the existing hypothesis of prediction is 3 and the weight for the additional hypothesis of prediction is 1. In some embodiments, the weight for the existing hypothesis of prediction is smaller than the weight for the additional hypothesis of prediction. For example, the weight for the existing hypothesis of prediction is 1 and the weight for the additional hypothesis of prediction is 3.
[0116] In some embodiments, when using the method 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described in this section, when combining predictions, the weighting varies according to the block position, width, height, area, and / or template process of the current block.
[0117] In some embodiments, when using the method 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described in this section, more than one hypothesis of predictions (including at least one filter-prediction) are combined to form the final prediction of the current block. The weighting for combining varies according to the block position, width, height, area, template process, and / or a partitioning mode of the current block. The partitioning mode may geometrically split the current block into multiple regions.
[0118] FIG. 15 illustrates a current block being geometrically split into multiple regions by a partitioning mode. As illustrated, the current block 1500 is split into first, second and third regions. In the first region, a first filter is used to generate the predictors in the first region. In the second region, a second filter is used to generate the predictors in the second region. In the third region (blending area) which only includes the to-be-predicted samples near a partitioning line determined according to the partitioning mode, the weighting combines the predictors generated using the first filter and the predictors generated using the second filter to form the combined predictors.
[0119] For example, in some embodiments, the partitioning line is unified with or similar to the GPM partitioning boundary. In some embodiments, the partitioning line is represented as a distance and / or an angle. In some embodiments, the partitioning mode is determined using implicit and / or explicit conditions. The implicit conditions may depend on a pre-defined rule or a mapping table in the standard and / or the width of the current block and / or the height of the current block and / or the area of the current block to get the partition mode of the current block. The explicit conditions may depend on a signaled index to select a partitioning mode among multiple candidate partitioning modes.
[0120] In some embodiments, for the to-be-predicted samples in a first region, the weight for the prediction from the second filter is set as 0 and the weight for the prediction from the first filter is set as the maximum weight value in the weighting, and / or for the to-be-predicted samples in a second region, the weight for the prediction from the first filter is set as 0 and the weight for the prediction from the second filter is set as the maximum weight value in the weighting.
[0121] In some embodiments, for the to-be-predicted sample in a third region, the weight values are derived according to the partitioning mode, explicit signaling (for example, the explicit signaling of a weight index and / or the explicit signaling of the partitioning mode) , the width of the current block, the height of the current block, and / or the block area of the current block.
[0122] In some embodiments, the size of the third region is determined according to an explicit weight index or an implicit determined weight option, the width of the current block, the height of the current block, and / or the block area of the current block. The explicit weight index may indicate one weight option among multiple weight candidate options. For example, one candidate is a regular weight option such as the VVC GPM weight design used for deriving the size of the third region. More candidates are among all or part of a size set including “1 / k multiplied by the regular weight option” (referring to a smaller size of the blending area) and / or “k multiplied by the regular weight option” (referring to a larger size of the blending area) , where k is a positive integer larger than 1.
[0123] The implicit determined weight option may be selected among multiple weight candidate options. For example, one candidate is the regular weight option such as the VVC GPM weight design used for deriving the size of the third region. More candidates are among all or part of the size set including “1 / k multiplied by the regular weight option” (referring to a smaller size of the blending area) and / or “k multiplied by the regular weight option” (referring to a larger size of the blending area) , where k is a positive integer larger than 1.
[0124] In some embodiments, the location of the third region is derived according to an explicit partitioning mode index or an implicit determined partitioning option, the width of the current block, the height of the current block, and / or the block area of the current block. In some embodiments, the current block consists of the first, second, and third regions. That is the third region is smaller than the current block. In some embodiments, the current block consists of the first and second regions. That is, no blending area is in the current block.
[0125] D. Syntax and Storage of the Current Block
[0126] The enabling of the methods described in Section IV may depend on the explicit signaling and / or implicit checking. For an example of explicit signaling, for the current block using a target intra or non-intra mode, in additional to the existing syntax, one additional flag is signaled / parsed to indicate whether to use applying the proposed filter-prediction to generate the final predictor of the current block. For example, the existing syntax may indicate any intra or non-intra mode in the standard such as Geometric partitioning mode (GPM) with inter or block-vector prediction combined with intra prediction (which will be generated using filter-prediction in some embodiments) or GPM with intra prediction (which may be generated using filter-prediction in some embodiments) combined with intra prediction (which may be generated using filter-prediction in some embodiments) .
[0127] In some embodiments, the methods described in Section IV may be an option of an existing tool. Therefore, the additional flag is signaled only when the existing syntax indicates enabled. When the additional flag indicates to apply, the filter is obtained using a candidate filter with derived parameters (from the “deriving path” ) and / or inherited parameters (from the “inheriting path” . ) In some embodiments, when obtaining the candidate filter from the inheriting path, one additional index is signaled to select one candidate from the list (may be the reordered list or the original list. ) In some embodiments, when obtaining the candidate filter from the deriving path, one additional index is signaled to select one candidate from the multiple candidate filters in the deriving path.
[0128] In some embodiments, when obtaining the candidate filter from the inheriting path, a pre-defined candidate from the inheriting path is selected (without signaling the additional index) to generate the filter-prediction of the current block. The pre-defined candidate may be a candidate at a pre-defined (such as the first) position in the re-ordered list. In some embodiments, when obtaining the candidate filter from the inheriting path and the deriving path, there may be insufficient candidates in the inheriting path so that the maximum size of the list is not reached. One or more pre-defined candidate filters from the deriving path may be inserted into the list and / or one additional index is signaled to select one candidate from the list (the reordered list or the original list) .
[0129] In some embodiments, when obtaining a candidate filter from the inheriting path and the deriving path, there may be no candidate in the list during inheriting so that the list is empty after checking all inheriting candidates. The pre-defined candidate filter from the deriving path may be used to generate the filter-prediction.
[0130] In some embodiments, when using target intra or non-intra mode without the filter-based prediction, no filter information is stored for the current block. On the other hand, when using target intra or non-intra mode with the filter-based prediction, all or any subset of the filter information {filter shape and / or filter parameters} is stored for the current block, and / or for subsequent blocks, all or any subset of the filter information {filter shape and / or filter parameters} can be referenced. For example, the stored filter information of the current block is inherited by the subsequent block in the inheriting path of the subsequent block.
[0131] FIG. 16 conceptually illustrates an example flowchart for enabling and using target filter-based prediction. The flowchart is that of a process 1600 that can be executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing a video encoder or decoder (video coder) . The video coder may perform the process 1600 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the video encoder or decoder performs the process 1600.
[0132] As illustrated, the video coder decides (at block 1610) that the current block is coded by target intra or non-intra mode. The video coder determines (at block 1620) whether to use target filter-based prediction mode. If no, the video coder generates (at block 1630) the final predictor of the current block by using original intra or non-intra prediction. If yes, the video coder generates (at block 1640) the final predictor of the current block by using the filter prediction and stores (at block 1650) one or more filter information of the current block for reference by subsequent blocks.
[0133] The methods described in this disclosure can be enabled and / or disabled according to implicit rules (e.g. block width, height, or area) or according to explicit rules (e.g. syntax on block, tile, slice, picture, SPS, or PPS level) . For example, the proposed method is applied when the block area is smaller / larger than a threshold. The term “block” in this invention can refer to TU / TB, CU / CB, PU / PB, pre-defined region, or CTU / CTB.
[0134] Any combination of the proposed methods in this invention can be applied. Any of the foregoing proposed methods can be implemented in encoders and / or decoders. For example, any of the proposed methods can be implemented in an inter and / or intra and / or IBC and / or prediction and / or transform module of an encoder, and / or an inter and / or intra and / or IBC and / or prediction and / or transform module of a decoder. Alternatively, any of the proposed methods can be implemented as a circuit coupled to the inter and / or intra and / or IBC and / or prediction and / or transform module of the encoder, and / or the inter and / or intra and / or IBC and / or prediction and / or transform module of the decoder, so as to provide the information needed by the inter and / or intra and / or IBC and / or prediction and / or transform module. V. Example Video Encoder
[0135] FIG. 17 illustrates an example video encoder 1700 that may implement filter-based prediction. As illustrated, the video encoder 1700 receives input video signal from a video source 1705 and encodes the signal into bitstream 1795. The video encoder 1700 has several components or modules for encoding the signal from the video source 1705, at least including some components selected from a transform module 1710, a quantization module 1711, an inverse quantization module 1714, an inverse transform module 1715, an intra-picture estimation module 1724, an intra-prediction module 1725, a motion compensation module 1730, a motion estimation module 1735, an in-loop filter 1745, a reconstructed picture buffer 1750, a MV buffer 1765, and a MV prediction module 1775, and an entropy encoder 1790. The motion compensation module 1730 and the motion estimation module 1735 are part of an inter-prediction module 1740. The intra-prediction module 1725 and the intra-prediction estimation module 1724 are part of a current picture prediction module 1720, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0136] In some embodiments, the modules 1710 –1790 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device or electronic apparatus. In some embodiments, the modules 1710 –1790 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more integrated circuits (ICs) of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 1710 –1790 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0137] The video source 1705 provides a raw video signal that presents pixel data of each video frame without compression. A subtractor 1708 computes the difference between the raw video pixel data of the video source 1705 and the predicted pixel data 1713 from the motion compensation module 1730 or intra-prediction module 1725 as prediction residual 1709. The transform module 1710 converts the difference (or the residual pixel data or residual signal 1708) into transform coefficients (e.g., by performing Discrete Cosine Transform, or DCT) . The quantization module 1711 quantizes the transform coefficients into quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1712, which is encoded into the bitstream 1795 by the entropy encoder 1790.
[0138] The inverse quantization module 1714 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1712 to obtain transform coefficients 1718, and the inverse transform module 1715 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 1718 to produce reconstructed residual 1719. The reconstructed residual 1719 is added with the predicted pixel data 1713 to produce reconstructed pixel data 1717. In some embodiments, the reconstructed pixel data 1717 is temporarily stored in a line buffer 1727 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction. The reconstructed pixels are filtered by the in-loop filter 1745 and stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 1750. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 1750 is a storage external to the video encoder 1700. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 1750 is a storage internal to the video encoder 1700.
[0139] The intra-picture estimation module 1724 performs intra-prediction based on the reconstructed pixel data 1717 to produce intra prediction data. The intra-prediction data is provided to the entropy encoder 1790 to be encoded into bitstream 1795. The intra-prediction data is also used by the intra-prediction module 1725 to produce the predicted pixel data 1713.
[0140] The motion estimation module 1735 performs inter-prediction by producing MVs to reference pixel data of previously decoded frames stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 1750. These MVs are provided to the motion compensation module 1730 to produce predicted pixel data.
[0141] Instead of encoding the complete actual MVs in the bitstream, the video encoder 1700 uses MV prediction to generate predicted MVs, and the difference between the MVs used for motion compensation and the predicted MVs is encoded as residual motion data and stored in the bitstream 1795.
[0142] The MV prediction module 1775 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for encoding previously video frames, i.e., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 1775 retrieves reference MVs from previous video frames from the MV buffer 1765. The video encoder 1700 stores the MVs generated for the current video frame in the MV buffer 1765 as reference MVs for generating predicted MVs.
[0143] The MV prediction module 1775 uses the reference MVs to create the predicted MVs. The predicted MVs can be computed by spatial MV prediction or temporal MV prediction. The difference between the predicted MVs and the motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) of the current frame (residual motion data) are encoded into the bitstream 1795 by the entropy encoder 1790.
[0144] The entropy encoder 1790 encodes various parameters and data into the bitstream 1795 by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding. The entropy encoder 1790 encodes various header elements, flags, along with the quantized transform coefficients 1712, and the residual motion data as syntax elements into the bitstream 1795. The bitstream 1795 is in turn stored in a storage device or transmitted to a decoder over a communications medium such as a network.
[0145] The in-loop filter 1745 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the reconstructed pixel data 1717 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 1745 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0146] FIG. 18 illustrates portions of the video encoder 1700 that implement target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode. A filter derivation module 1805 derives parameters of the filters for target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode. The derivation may use the reconstructed picture buffer 1750 and / or the line buffer 1727 to perform regression. For target filter-based intra mode, the filter derivation module 1805 may retrieve reconstructed samples of a template region neighboring the current block for the regression. For target filter-based non-intra mode, the filter derivation module 1805 may retrieve reconstructed samples of a reference block or a template region neighboring the reference block for the regression. The reference block may be located in a reference picture by a MV or in the current picture by a BV. The MV and / or the BV may be provided by the entropy encoder 1790 from the inter prediction module 1740 or an IBC module (not illustrated) . The parameters for filters derived by the filter derivation module 1805 can be stored in a filter parameters storage 1810 to be inherited by subsequent blocks. In some embodiments, the entropy encoder 1790 controls whether to perform the target filter-based intra mode or the target filter-based non-intra mode.
[0147] A filter selector 1825 selects one or more filters 1820 to generate one or more filter predictions 1830. The filter selector 1825 may select one or more filters from the filter parameter storage 1810 if the entropy encoder 1790 indicates a selection of a candidate filter to be inherited ( “inherited path” ) by the current block. The filter selector 1825 may also select the currently derived filter parameters generated by the filter derivation module 1805 for the current block. The selected filter (s) 1820 are then used to generate the corresponding filter prediction (s) 1830 using the reconstructed samples provided by the reconstructed picture buffer 1750 or the line buffer 1727 as filter input. The samples used as filter input may be the samples of the template region neighboring the current block, or samples of the template region neighboring the reference block, or samples of the reference block itself.
[0148] The filter prediction (s) 1830 is used to generate the final prediction as the predicted pixel data 1713. A prediction fusion module 1850 may perform a weighted combination of different predictions that includes the filter prediction (s) 1830 as parts of a multi-hypotheses prediction, or have the different filter prediction (s) be used as the predictions for different partitions of the current block according to a partitioning mode (e.g., GPM) .
[0149] In some embodiments, the filter-prediction (s) 1830 or the final prediction may be used by a predefined process (e.g., DIMD) to identify a representative intra-prediction mode. The representative intra-prediction mode may be used to identify transform settings for configuring the transform module 1710 (e.g., transform set, transform kernel, transform transpose flag, etc. ) . The representative intra-prediction mode may be stored and / or used by a subsequent block.
[0150] FIG. 19 conceptually illustrates a process 1900 that uses target filter-based prediction mode to encode pixel block. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the encoder 1700 performs the process 1900 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the encoder 1700 performs the process 1900.
[0151] The encoder receives (at block 1910) data to be encoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture. The current block may be coded using a motion vector or a block vector, or coded by geometric partitioning mode. The encoder determines (at block 1920) parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample. In some embodiments, the parameters of the filter are derived based on samples of the reference block or samples of a template region neighboring the reference block or the current block. The parameters may be derived based on a reference block that is located by the motion vector or the block vector of the current block. The parameters of the filter may be inherited from a candidate in a list of candidates, with each candidate providing a set of filter information for configuring the filter.
[0152] The encoder applies (at block 1930) the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block. In some embodiments, the encoder applies the filter to generate the filter-prediction of the current block by using samples of the reference block or samples neighboring the reference block or the current block as input to the filter.
[0153] The encoder generates (at block 1940) a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction. A flag may be signaled to indicate whether to use the filter-prediction to generate the final prediction. In some embodiments, the final prediction is generated by combining the filter-prediction with a non-intra prediction that is generated based on the motion vector or the block vector of the current block. The weighting for the combining may be determined based on a block position, a width, a height, an area, or a partition mode of the current block.
[0154] In some embodiments, the current block may be geometrically partitioned (e.g., by GPM) into at least a first region and a second region, such that the filter is used to generate a predictor for at least one of the first region and the second region.
[0155] The encoder encodes (at block 1950) the current block by using the final prediction to produce prediction residuals. In some embodiments, the encoder may apply a predefined process to the final prediction to identify a representative intra-prediction mode. The pre-defined process may be DIMD that includes gradient analysis. The encoder may use the representative intra-prediction mode to determine one or more transform settings (e.g., the transform set and / or transform kernel and / or transform transpose flag for the transform process) for encoding the current block. The representative intra-prediction mode may be stored for reference by a subsequent block. VI. Example Video Decoder
[0156] In some embodiments, an encoder may signal (or generate) one or more syntax element in a bitstream, such that a decoder may parse said one or more syntax element from the bitstream.
[0157] FIG. 20 illustrates an example video decoder 2000 that may implement filter-based prediction. As illustrated, the video decoder 2000 is an image-decoding or video-decoding circuit that receives a bitstream 2095 and decodes the content of the bitstream into pixel data of video frames for display. The video decoder 2000 has several components or modules for decoding the bitstream 2095, including some components selected from an inverse quantization module 2014, an inverse transform module 2015, an intra-prediction module 2025, a motion compensation module 2030, an in-loop filter 2045, a decoded picture buffer 2050, a MV buffer 2065, a MV prediction module 2075, and a parser 2090. The motion compensation module 2030 is part of an inter-prediction module 2040. The intra-prediction module 2025 is part of a current picture prediction module 2020, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0158] In some embodiments, the modules 2014 –2090 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device. In some embodiments, the modules 2014 –2090 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more ICs of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 2014 –2090 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0159] The parser 2090 (or entropy decoder) receives the bitstream 2095 and performs initial parsing according to the syntax defined by a video-coding or image-coding standard. The parsed syntax element includes various header elements, flags, as well as quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 2012. The parser 2090 parses out the various syntax elements by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman coding.
[0160] The inverse quantization module 2014 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 2012 to obtain transform coefficients, and the inverse transform module 2015 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 2018 to produce reconstructed residual signal 2019. The reconstructed residual signal 2019 is added with predicted pixel data 2013 from the intra-prediction module 2025 or the motion compensation module 2030 to produce decoded pixel data 2017. The decoded pixels data are filtered by the in-loop filter 2045 and stored in the decoded picture buffer 2050. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 2050 is a storage external to the video decoder 2000. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 2050 is a storage internal to the video decoder 2000.
[0161] The intra-prediction module 2025 receives intra-prediction data from bitstream 2095 and according to which, produces the predicted pixel data 2013 from the decoded pixel data 2017 stored in the decoded picture buffer 2050. In some embodiments, the decoded pixel data 2017 is also stored in a line buffer 2027 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction.
[0162] In some embodiments, the content of the decoded picture buffer 2050 is used for display. A display device 2005 either retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer 2050 for display directly, or retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer to a display buffer. In some embodiments, the display device receives pixel values from the decoded picture buffer 2050 through a pixel transport.
[0163] The motion compensation module 2030 produces predicted pixel data 2013 from the decoded pixel data 2017 stored in the decoded picture buffer 2050 according to motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) . These motion compensation MVs are decoded by adding the residual motion data received from the bitstream 2095 with predicted MVs received from the MV prediction module 2075.
[0164] The MV prediction module 2075 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for decoding previous video frames, e.g., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 2075 retrieves the reference MVs of previous video frames from the MV buffer 2065. The video decoder 2000 stores the motion compensation MVs generated for decoding the current video frame in the MV buffer 2065 as reference MVs for producing predicted MVs.
[0165] The in-loop filter 2045 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the decoded pixel data 2017 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 2045 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0166] FIG. 21 illustrates portions of the video decoder 2000 that implement target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode. A filter derivation module 2105 derives parameters of the filters for target filter-based intra or non-intra prediction mode. The derivation may use the decoded picture buffer 2050 and / or the line buffer 2027 to perform regression. For target filter-based intra mode, the filter derivation module 2105 may retrieve reconstructed samples of a template region neighboring the current block for the regression. For target filter-based non-intra mode, the filter derivation module 2105 may retrieve reconstructed samples of a reference block or a template region neighboring the reference block for the regression. The reference block may be located in a reference picture by a MV or in the current picture by a BV. The MV and / or the BV may be provided by the entropy decoder 2090 parsed from the bitstream 2095. The parameters for filters derived by the filter derivation module 2105 can be stored in a filter parameters storage 2110 to be inherited by subsequent blocks. In some embodiments, the entropy decoder 2090 controls whether to perform the target filter-based intra mode or the target filter-based non-intra mode.
[0167] A filter selector 2125 selects one or more filters 2120 to generate one or more filter predictions 2130. The filter selector 2125 may select one or more filters from the filter parameter storage 2110 if the entropy decoder 2090 indicates a selection of a candidate filter to be inherited ( “inherited path” ) by the current block. The filter selector 2125 may also select the currently derived filter parameters generated by the filter derivation module 2105 for the current block. The selected filter (s) 2120 are then used to generate the corresponding filter prediction (s) 2130 using the reconstructed samples provided by the decoded picture buffer 2050 or the line buffer 2027 as filter input. The samples used as filter input may be the samples of the template region neighboring the current block, or samples of the template region neighboring the reference block, or samples of the reference block itself.
[0168] The filter prediction (s) 2130 is used to generate the final prediction as the predicted pixel data 2013. A prediction fusion module 2150 may perform a weighted combination of different predictions that includes the filter prediction (s) 2130 as parts of a multi-hypotheses prediction, or have the different filter prediction (s) be used as the predictions for different partitions of the current block according to a partitioning mode (e.g., GPM) .
[0169] In some embodiments, the filter-prediction (s) 2130 or the final prediction may be used by a predefined process (e.g., DIMD) to identify a representative intra-prediction mode. The representative intra-prediction mode may be used to identify transform settings for configuring the inverse transform module 2015 (e.g., transform set, transform kernel, transform transpose flag, etc. ) . The representative intra-prediction mode may be stored and / or used by a subsequent block.
[0170] FIG. 22 conceptually illustrates a process 2200 that uses target filter-based prediction mode to decode pixel block. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the decoder 2000 performs the process 2200 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the decoder 2000 performs the process 2200.
[0171] The decoder receives (at block 2210) data to be decoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture. The current block may be coded using a motion vector or a block vector, or coded by geometric partitioning mode. The decoder determines (at block 2220) parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample. In some embodiments, the parameters of the filter are derived based on samples of the reference block or samples of a template region neighboring the reference block or the current block. The parameters may be derived based on a reference block that is located by the motion vector or the block vector of the current block. The parameters of the filter may be inherited from a candidate in a list of candidates, with each candidate providing a set of filter information for configuring the filter.
[0172] The decoder applies (at block 2230) the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block. In some embodiments, the decoder applies the filter to generate the filter-prediction of the current block by using samples of the reference block or samples neighboring the reference block or the current block as input to the filter.
[0173] The decoder generates (at block 2240) a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction. A flag may be signaled to indicate whether to use the filter-prediction to generate the final prediction. In some embodiments, the final prediction is generated by combining the filter-prediction with a non-intra prediction that is generated based on the motion vector or the block vector of the current block. The weighting for the combining may be determined based on a block position, a width, a height, an area, or a partition mode of the current block.
[0174] In some embodiments, the current block may be geometrically partitioned (e.g., by GPM) into at least a first region and a second region, such that the filter is used to generate a predictor for at least one of the first region and the second region.
[0175] The decoder reconstructs (at block 2250) the current block by using the final prediction with prediction residuals. The decoder may then provide the reconstructed current block for display as part of the reconstructed current picture. In some embodiments, the decoder may apply a predefined process to the filter-prediction or the final prediction to identify a representative intra-prediction mode. The pre-defined process may be DIMD that includes gradient analysis. The decoder may use the representative intra-prediction mode to determine one or more transform settings (e.g., the transform set and / or transform kernel and / or transform transpose flag for the transform process) for decoding the current block. The representative intra-prediction mode may be stored for reference by a subsequent block. VII. Example Electronic System
[0176] Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium) . When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit (s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units) , they cause the processing unit (s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random-access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) , etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections.
[0177] In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.
[0178] FIG. 23 conceptually illustrates an electronic system 2300 with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented. The electronic system 2300 may be a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, tablet computer, etc. ) , phone, PDA, or any other sort of electronic device. Such an electronic system includes various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. Electronic system 2300 includes a bus 2305, processing unit (s) 2310, a graphics-processing unit (GPU) 2315, a system memory 2320, a network 2325, a read-only memory 2330, a permanent storage device 2335, input devices 2340, and output devices 2345.
[0179] The bus 2305 collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system 2300. For instance, the bus 2305 communicatively connects the processing unit (s) 2310 with the GPU 2315, the read-only memory 2330, the system memory 2320, and the permanent storage device 2335.
[0180] From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 2310 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the present disclosure. The processing unit (s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU 2315. The GPU 2315 can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit (s) 2310.
[0181] The read-only-memory (ROM) 2330 stores static data and instructions that are used by the processing unit (s) 2310 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 2335, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 2300 is off. Some embodiments of the present disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 2335.
[0182] Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device 2335, the system memory 2320 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device 2335, the system memory 2320 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory 2320 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor uses at runtime. In some embodiments, processes in accordance with the present disclosure are stored in the system memory 2320, the permanent storage device 2335, and / or the read-only memory 2330. For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 2310 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.
[0183] The bus 2305 also connects to the input and output devices 2340 and 2345. The input devices 2340 enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices 2340 include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices” ) , cameras (e.g., webcams) , microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices 2345 display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices 2345 include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD) , as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices.
[0184] Finally, as shown in FIG. 23, bus 2305 also couples electronic system 2300 to a network 2325 through a network adapter (not shown) . In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network ( “LAN” ) , a wide area network ( “WAN” ) , or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system 2300 may be used in conjunction with the present disclosure.
[0185] Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media) . Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM) , recordable compact discs (CD-R) , rewritable compact discs (CD-RW) , read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM) , a variety of recordable / rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc. ) , flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc. ) , magnetic and / or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable discs, ultra-density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
[0186] While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, many of the above-described features and applications are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) . In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs) , ROM, or RAM devices.
[0187] As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer” , “server” , “processor” , and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium, ” “computer readable media, ” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.
[0188] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, a number of the figures (including FIGS. 16, 19, and 22) conceptually illustrate processes. The specific operations of these processes may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. Furthermore, the process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the present disclosure is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims. Additional Notes
[0189] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0190] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0191] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0192] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A video coding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video; wherein the current block is coded using a motion vector, a block vector, or by geometric partitioning mode;determining parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample;applying the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block;generating a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction; andencoding or decoding the current block by using the final prediction.2.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the filter are derived based on a reference block that is located by the motion vector or the block vector of the current block.3.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the filter are inherited from a candidate in a list of candidates, wherein each candidate provides a set of filter information for configuring the filter.4.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the filter are derived based on samples of a reference block or samples of a template region neighboring the reference block or the current block.5.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein applying the filter to generate the filter-prediction of the current block comprises using samples of the reference block or samples neighboring the reference block or the current block as input to the filter.6.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the final prediction is generated by combining the filter-prediction with a non-intra prediction that is generated based on the motion vector or the block vector of the current block.7.The video coding method of claim 6, wherein weighting for the combining is determined based on a block position, a width, a height, an area, or a partition mode of the current block.8.The video coding method of claim 1 wherein the current block is geometrically partitioned into at least a first region and a second region, wherein the filter is used to generate a predictor for at least one of the first region and the second region.9.The video coding method of claim 1, further comprising applying a pre-defined process to the final prediction to identify a representative intra-prediction mode and using the representative intra-prediction mode to determine one or more transform settings for encoding or decoding the current block.10.The video coding method of claim 9, wherein the pre-defined process comprises gradient analysis.11.The video coding method of claim 9, further comprising storing the representative intra-prediction mode for reference by a subsequent block.12.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein a flag is signaled to indicate whether to use the filter-prediction to generate the final prediction.13.An electronic apparatus comprising:a video coder circuit configured to perform operations comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video; wherein the current block is coded using a motion vector, a block vector, or geometric partitioning mode;determining parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample;applying the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block;generating a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction; andencoding or decoding the current block by using the final prediction.14.A video decoding method comprising:receiving data to be decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video; wherein the current block is coded using a motion vector, a block vector, or geometric partitioning mode;determining parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample;applying the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block;generating a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction; andreconstructing the current block by using the final prediction.15.A video encoding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video; wherein the current block is coded using a motion vector, a block vector, or geometric partitioning mode;determining parameters of a filter for generating a prediction of a target sample;applying the filter to generate a filter-prediction of the current block;generating a final prediction of the current block based on the filter-prediction; andencoding the current block by using the final prediction.
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