Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives at least one of a configuration for high mobility and an indication for said high mobility; and a control unit that controls reception of a downlink reference signal on the basis of at least one of the configuration and the indication. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately perform transmission processing / reception processing of a signal.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (for example, Rel. 20 and later), it is being considered to use higher frequency bands than those used in existing systems (for example, up to Rel. 18).

[0006] However, there has been insufficient consideration given to the regulations governing the use of such high frequency bands, which could limit improvements in communication throughput.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately perform signal reception processing.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives at least one of a setting for high mobility and an instruction for bi-mobility, and a control unit that controls reception of a downlink reference signal based on at least one of the setting and the instruction.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, signal transmission processing / reception processing can be performed appropriately.

[0010] FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of MIMO. FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an overview of a cellular system. FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an overview of a cell-free system. FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams illustrating examples of overviews of various assumed cell-free configurations. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern of one PCI component. FIGS. 5A to 5E are diagrams illustrating an example of a first cell configuration. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern of one area component. FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 1.1. FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 1.2. FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 2 / 4.1. FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 2 / 4.2. FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 3 / 5.1. FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 3 / 5.2. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the configuration of a second cell. FIGS. 11A to 11C are diagrams illustrating an example of a configuration of a second cell according to Option 0.3. FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating an example of communication between a mobile station and a transmission point (e.g., RRH). FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams illustrating examples of Schemes 0 to 2 related to SFN. FIGS. 14A to 14B are diagrams illustrating an example of Scheme 1. FIGS. 15A to 15C are diagrams illustrating an example of a NW pre-compensation scheme. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. FIG. 17A is a diagram illustrating an example of a CRS arrangement in an LTE system. FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating an example of a TRS arrangement in an NR system. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a TRS arrangement according to embodiments 1 to 3. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of Doppler estimation according to the second embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station configuration according to an embodiment. Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment.FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Cell-free) Existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) have adopted a cellular system in which one cell is formed by one antenna / transmitting / receiving point (TRP). The area formed by the cell is fixed / static.

[0012] In addition, existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later) have introduced distributed multi-input multi-output (Distributed MIMO, e.g., multi-TRP using multiple TRPs), which forms a communication area using the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO allows simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs and communication using one antenna / TRP.

[0013] By adopting distributed MIMO, it is possible to create a more favorable line-of-sight environment and improve MIMO performance.

[0014] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of MIMO. Fig. 1A illustrates an example of co-located MIMO. In co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP.

[0015] On the other hand, Figure 1B illustrates an example of distributed MIMO, in which one UE communicates with multiple antennas / TRPs in cooperation with each other.

[0016] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and later), the introduction of cell-free communication is being considered with the aim of further improving performance and energy efficiency through reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, creating a line-of-sight environment for high-frequency use, improving frequency utilization efficiency throughout the system, and applying equal, high-quality communication to each user.

[0017] Self-Free may also be referred to as cell-free massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Self-Free uses coherent cooperation of multiple access points. Self-Free may include at least one of ultra-dense deployment, scalable cooperation, user-centric clustering, super-carrier aggregation, and analog fronthaul. The user plane for cell-free may perform more flexible scheduling than existing scheduling. The control plane for cell-free may maintain some form of cell to facilitate signaling.

[0018] In cell-free, unlike conventional cellular systems, one area (which may be called a cell / sub-cell, etc.) may be formed by multiple antennas / TRPs. In other words, the area may mean a cell that is independent of the location of the antenna / TRP.

[0019] In cell-free, the set of antennas / TRPs used to form a coverage area may be changed according to the needs of UEs. For example, the set of antennas / TRPs may be changed based on the number of UEs, the number of traffic, communication purposes (e.g., initial access, data communication, measurement, reporting, etc.), etc., rather than the coverage of the antennas / TRPs.

[0020] In other words, in cell-free, the coverage between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0021] In cell-free mode, the direction in which a synchronization signal (which may also be called, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) is transmitted may be controlled for each antenna / TRP.

[0022] In addition, in cell-free, a central unit (CU) / distributed unit (DU) may be virtualized for each antenna, or each antenna may be managed by only the CU.

[0023] Fig. 2A is a diagram showing an overview of a cellular system, in which cells formed by each antenna / TRP are shown, and UEs communicate based on these cells.

[0024] On the other hand, Figure 2B is a diagram showing an overview of a cell-free system. In the example shown in Figure 2B, the installed antennas / TRPs do not form fixed / static cells in a cellular system. As shown in Figure 2B, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form areas according to conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP does not need to correspond to the same physical cell ID, and the areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0025] Self-regulation may be achieved, for example, by coordinating a set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., CU).

[0026] In a cell-free system, a first cell (which may be called, for example, a cell / super cell / macro cell / large cell, etc.) with a fixed physical range like a cell in a 5G NR system, and a second cell (which may be called, for example, a subcell / area / micro cell / cell / small cell / second cell within the first cell, etc.) with a quasi-static / dynamic physical range that varies based on conditions may be formed.

[0027] For example, a first cell may be referred to as a supercell to distinguish it from a second cell. When a supercell is composed of multiple second cells, the second cells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR. For example, a second cell may be referred to as a subcell to distinguish it from a first cell. When a supercell or a cell is composed of multiple subcells, the subcells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR.

[0028] The first cell may be a cell that is newly defined in a future wireless communication system, or may be a cell defined in an existing wireless communication system that is reused.

[0029] The configurations of the first cell and the second cell can be considered as follows: Assumption 1 and Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs with one cell ID (physical cell ID (PCI)). The multiple TRPs can transmit and receive in coordination. Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs (or sub-cells) with different cell IDs. The multiple TRPs / sub-cells can transmit and receive in coordination.

[0030] 3A is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 1. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has the same PCI (PCI #0). Multiple TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner.

[0031] Figure 3B is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 2. In the example shown in Figure 3B, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has a different PCI (PCI #0 to #9). Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE.

[0032] Figure 3C is a diagram showing another example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 2. In the example shown in Figure 3C, a PCI is assigned to each TRP included in the first cell (supercell / cell). In the example shown in Figure 3C, unlike the example in Figure 3B, the same PCI may correspond to multiple TRPs. Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE.

[0033] Transmission / reception with TRP / subcell coordination may be based on at least one of the following schemes supported in NR: - Transmission of a single TRP / subcell with dynamic TRP / subcell switching (single-TRP transmission). - Joint transmission using multiple TRPs / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). The joint transmission may be based on a single DCI or multiple DCIs. The joint transmission may be non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0034] For cell-free, assuming ideal backhaul and tight coordination, in the joint transmission scheme, CJT may be prioritized over NCJT, and single DCI-based joint transmission may be prioritized over multi-DCI-based joint transmission.

[0035] (Each Configuration of Self-Free) An example of the configuration of Self-Free will be described below.

[0036] In the present disclosure, a cell with a fixed physical range, an unchanging cell, a first cell, a super cell, a cell, a macro cell, a large cell, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0037] In the present disclosure, a cell whose physical range changes quasi-statically / dynamically based on conditions, a cell that changes, a second cell, a cell, an area, a microcell, a small cell, a second cell within a first cell, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0038] In the present disclosure, the terms area, cell, coverage, range, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0039] The first cell may include one or more second cells.

[0040] One second cell may be included in multiple first cells, and different first cells may share one second cell.

[0041] The different first cells may or may not overlap.

[0042] The UE may transmit and receive signals using a second cell included in the first cell, and may receive a configuration for the second cell and transmit and receive signals based on the configuration.

[0043] Components of one Physical Cell ID (PCI) may include at least one of the following: Number of TRPs per PCI, TRP coverage layout, Number of synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, SS / PBCH blocks) per TRP.

[0044] The configuration of the first cell may be associated with a component of the PCI. The first cell may be configured based on the component of the PCI.

[0045] 4 is a diagram showing an example of a pattern of a PCI component. As shown in FIG. 4, the PCI component is composed of the number of TRPs per PCI, the TRP coverage layout, and the number of SSBs per TRP.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 4, the number of TRPs per PCI may take one or multiple values, the TRP coverage layout may be either non-overlapping or overlapping in TRP coverage, and the number of SSBs per TRP may take one or multiple values.

[0047] In the present disclosure, the pattern related to the PCI component may be any one of patterns 1 to 5 shown in Fig. 4. The pattern numbers shown in Fig. 4 are all examples and are not limited to these examples. Furthermore, the PCI component may include elements other than those shown in Fig. 4.

[0048] 5A is a diagram showing an example of a cell configuration according to pattern 1. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5A, the number of TRPs included in PCI / cell is one, the TRP coverage does not overlap, and the number of SSBs per TRP is multiple. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5A, the coverage of the TRP may coincide with the coverage of the cell (first cell) (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 5A).

[0049] For example, an inter-cell multi-TRP operation can be performed using a cell configuration according to Pattern 1 as shown in FIG. 5A.

[0050] 5B is a diagram showing an example of a cell configuration according to Pattern 2. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5B, the number of TRPs included in the PCI / cell is multiple, the TRP coverage does not overlap, and the number of SSBs per TRP is one. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5B, the coverage of the TRP may coincide with the coverage of the SSB (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 5B).

[0051] For example, inter-cell multi-TRP operation can be performed using a cell configuration according to pattern 2 as shown in FIG. 5B.

[0052] 5C is a diagram showing an example of a cell configuration according to Pattern 3. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5C, the number of TRPs included in the PCI / cell is multiple, the TRP coverage does not overlap, and the number of SSBs per TRP is multiple.

[0053] For example, a cell configuration according to pattern 3 as shown in FIG. 5C can be used to perform inter-cell multi-TRP operation.

[0054] 5D is a diagram showing an example of a cell configuration according to Pattern 4. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5D, the number of TRPs included in the PCI / cell is multiple, the TRP coverage overlaps, and the number of SSBs per TRP is one. Note that in the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5D, the coverage of the TRP may coincide with the coverage of the SSB (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 5D).

[0055] For example, inter-cell / intra-cell multi-TRP operation can be performed using a cell configuration according to Pattern 3 as shown in FIG. 5D.

[0056] 5E is a diagram showing an example of a cell configuration according to Pattern 5. In the cell configuration shown in FIG. 5E, the number of TRPs included in the PCI / cell is multiple, the TRP coverage overlaps, and the number of SSBs per TRP is multiple.

[0057] For example, inter-cell / intra-cell multi-TRP operation can be performed using a cell configuration according to pattern 5 as shown in FIG. 5E.

[0058] Furthermore, the components of one second cell (e.g., area) may include at least one of the following: - Number of CU / DUs per second cell - Number of PCIs per second cell - Number of TRPs per second cell - Number of synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, SS / PBCH blocks) per second cell.

[0059] The configuration of the second cell may be associated with the components of the second cell, and the second cell may be configured based on the components of the second cell.

[0060] 6 is a diagram showing an example of a pattern of the elements (area components) of one area. As shown in FIG. 6, the area components are composed of the number of CU / DUs per area, the number of PCIs per area, the number of TRPs per area, and the number of synchronization signals per area.

[0061] As shown in Figure 6, the number of CU / DUs per second cell, the number of PCIs per second cell, the number of TRPs per second cell, and the number of synchronization signals per second cell can each take one or more values.

[0062] In the present disclosure, a pattern related to an area component may be any of patterns A to E shown in Fig. 6. The pattern symbols shown in Fig. 6 are all examples and are not limited to these examples. Furthermore, an area component may include elements other than those shown in Fig. 6.

[0063] For example, the second cells according to the above patterns A, D, and E may be configurable in any first cell (cell configuration).

[0064] The following describes configurations related to the first cell / second cell when different cells overlap and when they do not overlap, and at least one of the following configurations related to the first cell / second cell may be defined / set.

[0065] <<First Cell / Second Cell Configuration According to Pattern 1>> <<<Option 1.1>>> Different first cells do not have to be (physically) overlapping.

[0066] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, B, D and E above.

[0067] 7A is a diagram showing an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 1.1. In the example shown in FIG. 7A, two different cells (first cells) do not overlap.

[0068] In the example shown in FIG. 7A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern B, and a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0069] In the cell configuration in FIG. 7A, the coverage of the TRP may match the coverage of the cell (first cell) (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 7A).

[0070] In this optional configuration, only single-TRP operation may be possible in each secondary cell.

[0071] This optional configuration allows for better network energy saving (NES).

[0072] <<<Option 1.2>>> Different first cells may (physically) overlap.

[0073] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, B, D and E above.

[0074] 7B is a diagram showing an example of a first / second cell configuration according to Option 1.2. In the example shown in FIG. 7B, two different cells (first cells) overlap.

[0075] In the example shown in FIG. 7B, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern B, and a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0076] In the cell configuration in Figure 7B, the coverage of the TRP may match the coverage of the cell (first cell) (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in Figure 7B).

[0077] In this optional configuration, for example, inter-cell multi-TRP operation may be enabled in the second cell according to pattern D / E.

[0078] This optional configuration can, for example, increase the coverage within overlapping cells, thereby improving the uniformity of communication quality.

[0079] Furthermore, this optional configuration can increase frequency utilization efficiency by, for example, reducing coverage in overlapping cells.

[0080] In addition, in the configuration of this option, by reusing existing NR-specification antennas / TRPs, operation can be achieved by modifying the antenna / TRP devices so that they overlap with the coverage deployed by existing NR, thereby reducing station installation costs.

[0081] <<Configuration of First Cell / Second Cell According to Pattern 2 / Pattern 4>> <<<Option 2 / 4.1>>> Different first cells do not have to (physically) overlap.

[0082] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, C, D and E above.

[0083] 8A is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first and second cells according to Option 2 / 4.1. In the example shown in FIG. 8A, two different cells (first cells) do not overlap.

[0084] In the example shown in FIG. 8A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern C, and a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0085] In the cell configuration in FIG. 8A, the coverage of the TRP may coincide with the coverage of the SSB (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 8A).

[0086] Also, in this optional configuration, only single TRP operation may be possible in each second cell.

[0087] According to this optional configuration, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs per first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0088] <<<Option 2 / 4.2>>> Different first cells may (physically) overlap.

[0089] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, C, D and E above.

[0090] 8B is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first / second cells according to Option 2 / 4.2. In the example shown in FIG. 8B, two different cells (first cells) overlap.

[0091] In the example shown in FIG. 8B, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern A, a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern C, and a second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0092] In the cell configuration in FIG. 8B, the coverage of the TRP may coincide with the coverage of the SSB (therefore, the coverage of the TRP is not shown in FIG. 8B).

[0093] In this optional configuration, for example, inter-cell multi-TRP operation may be enabled in the second cell according to pattern D / E.

[0094] This optional configuration can, for example, increase the coverage within overlapping cells, thereby improving the uniformity of communication quality.

[0095] Furthermore, this optional configuration can increase frequency utilization efficiency by, for example, reducing coverage in overlapping cells.

[0096] Furthermore, according to the configuration of this option, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs per first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0097] <<Configuration of First Cell / Second Cell According to Pattern 3 / Pattern 5>> <<<Option 3 / 5.1>>> Different first cells do not have to (physically) overlap.

[0098] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, B, C, D and E above.

[0099] 9A is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first and second cells according to Option 3 / 5.1. In the example shown in FIG. 9A, two different cells (first cells) do not overlap.

[0100] In the example shown in FIG. 9A, a second cell (second cell coverage) related to pattern A, a second cell (second cell coverage) related to pattern B, a second cell (second cell coverage) related to pattern C, and a second cell (second cell coverage) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0101] 9A shows an example in which the second cell according to pattern B is included only in the coverage of antenna / TRP#0, and FIG. 11A shows an example in which the second cell according to pattern C corresponds to the overlapping portion between the coverage of antenna / TRP#1 and the coverage of antenna / TRP#2.

[0102] In this optional configuration, single TRP operation may be possible in each second cell.

[0103] In addition, in this optional configuration, in the second cell where the coverage of multiple TRPs overlap, intra-cell multi-TRP operation may be possible. By configuring in this way, it is possible to improve frequency utilization efficiency.

[0104] Furthermore, according to the configuration of this option, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs per first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0105] <<<Option 3 / 5.2>>> Different first cells may (physically) overlap.

[0106] In this option, the second cell may be configured according to at least one of the patterns A, B, C, D and E above.

[0107] 9B is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first and second cells according to Option 3 / 5.2. In the example shown in FIG. 9B, two different cells (first cells) overlap.

[0108] In the example shown in FIG. 9B, the second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern A, the second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern B, the second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern C, and the second cell (coverage of the second cell) related to pattern D / E are shown.

[0109] 9B shows an example in which the second cell according to pattern B is included only in the coverage of antenna / TRP#0, and the second cell according to pattern C shown in FIG. 9B shows an example in which the second cell corresponds to the overlapping portion between the coverage of antenna / TRP#1 and the coverage of antenna / TRP#2.

[0110] In this optional configuration, for example, inter-cell multi-TRP operation may be enabled in the second cell according to pattern D / E.

[0111] In addition, in this optional configuration, in the case of the cell configuration of Pattern 5, intra-cell multi-TRP operation may be possible. By configuring in this way, it is possible to improve frequency utilization efficiency.

[0112] According to the configuration of this option, for example, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency compared to the above-mentioned option 1.2, and it is possible to reduce station placement costs compared to the above-mentioned option 2 / 4.2.

[0113] <<Flexibility of Second Cell>> The second cell may be configured / reconfigured based on a specific condition / trigger. An example of the definition of the second cell is described in detail below.

[0114] The configuration of the second cell may be changed / updated based on certain conditions / trigger(s).

[0115] The specific condition / trigger may be, for example, at least one of a condition / trigger related to UE distribution, a condition / trigger related to traffic, a condition / trigger related to a specific event, and a condition / trigger based on specific information (for example, at least one of information related to time, location information related to UE / TRP, and information related to the season).

[0116] For example, the condition / trigger related to the distribution of UEs may be a condition / trigger based on the distribution / number of UEs in the first cell / second cell.

[0117] For example, the traffic-related conditions / triggers may be conditions / triggers based on at least one of the traffic volume / communication volume within the first cell / second cell, the traffic volume / communication volume for TRP, and the traffic volume / communication volume for SSB.

[0118] For example, a specific event related to a condition / trigger for a specific event may be predefined in a specification or may depend on the implementation of the network.

[0119] For example, the condition / trigger based on specific information may be a condition / trigger based on at least one of information regarding the time of day, information regarding a specific timer, location information regarding the UE / TRP, and information regarding the time of year (e.g., date, time, day of the week, weather, etc.).

[0120] The second cell may be configured based on the particular condition / trigger, or statically, regardless of the particular condition.

[0121] The second cell may be dynamically / semi-statically configured based on the specific condition / trigger. By configuring in this manner, it is possible to reduce power consumption in the network and provide communication quality that meets the demands of the UE.

[0122] Restrictions on the change / update of the second cell may be defined. The NW may decide not to change / update the second cell in certain cases.

[0123] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the configuration of the second cell. The example illustrated in Fig. 10 illustrates a case in which the range of the second cell (area) is changed according to the distribution of UEs and the change in time (from time #1 to time #2).

[0124] <<Definition of Second Cell>> An example of the configuration / definition of the second cell will be described below.

[0125] Regarding the configuration / definition of the second cell, at least one of the following options 0.1 and 0.2 may be appropriately and consistently combined with the above description of the second cell.

[0126] <<<Option 0.1>>> The second cell may be configured by one cell (first cell) / PCI.

[0127] For example, the second cell may be identified by a PCI (similar to the existing NR). For example, the second cell may be configured with a PCI similar to the existing NR.

[0128] The PCI may be defined, for example, in the same way as the PCI defined in the existing NR.

[0129] This option may correspond to scenario 1 above.

[0130] [[Option 0.1.1]] A second cell may be configured with one TRP for one cell, in other words, one second cell may correspond to one TRP.

[0131] [[[Option 0.1.1.1]]] A second cell may be configured with one synchronization signal (e.g., SSB and / or SS / PBCH blocks) for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to one synchronization signal. Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern A in at least one of Options 1.1, 1.2, 2 / 4.1, 2 / 4.2, 3 / 5.1, and 3 / 5.2.

[0132] [[[Option 0.1.1.2]]] A second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals (e.g., portions of synchronization signals) for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals (portions of synchronization signals for one cell). Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern B in at least one of Options 1.1, 1.2, 3 / 5.1, and 3 / 5.2.

[0133] [[[Option 0.1.1.3]]] A second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals for one cell (e.g., all synchronization signals for one cell). In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals (all synchronization signals for one cell). Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern B in at least one of Options 1.1 and 1.2 above.

[0134] [[Option 0.1.2]] A second cell may be configured with multiple TRPs (e.g., portions of TRPs) for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple TRPs (portions of TRPs) for one cell.

[0135] [[[Option 0.1.2.1]]] A second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals (e.g., portions of a synchronization signal) intended for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals (portions of a synchronization signal intended for one cell). Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern C in at least one of Options 2 / 4.1, 2 / 4.2, 3 / 5.1, and 3 / 5.2.

[0136] [[Option 0.1.3]] A second cell may be configured with multiple TRPs for one cell (e.g., all TRPs for one cell). In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple TRPs (all TRPs for one cell).

[0137] [[[Option 0.1.3.1]]] A second cell may be configured with one synchronization signal (e.g., SSB and / or SS / PBCH blocks) for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to one synchronization signal. Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern A in at least one of Options 1.1 and 1.2 above.

[0138] [[[Option 0.1.3.2]]] A second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals (e.g., portions of synchronization signals) intended for one cell. In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals (portions of synchronization signals intended for one cell). Such a configuration applies, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern B in at least one of Options 1.1 and 1.2 above, and to a second cell according to Pattern C in at least one of Options 3 / 5.1 and 3 / 5.2 above.

[0139] [[[Option 0.1.3.3]]] A second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals for one cell (e.g., all synchronization signals for one cell). In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals (all synchronization signals for one cell). Such a configuration applies, for example, to a second cell according to Pattern B in at least one of Options 1.1 and 1.2 above, and to a second cell according to Pattern C in at least one of Options 2 / 4.1, 2 / 4.2, 3 / 5.1, and 3 / 5.2 above.

[0140] <<<Option 0.2>>> The second cell may be composed of multiple cells (first cells) / PCIs.

[0141] The PCI may be defined, for example, in the same way as the PCI defined in the existing NR.

[0142] This option may correspond to scenario 2 above.

[0143] [[Option 0.2.1]] The second cell may be configured with multiple TRPs, in other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple TRPs.

[0144] The TRP may be defined, for example, in the same way as the TRP defined in the existing NR.

[0145] [[[Option 0.2.1.1]]] The second cell may be configured with multiple synchronization signals. In other words, one second cell may correspond to multiple synchronization signals. Such a configuration corresponds, for example, to the second cell of Pattern D / E in at least one of Options 1.1, 1.2, 2 / 4.1, 2 / 4.2, 3 / 5.1, and 3 / 5.2.

[0146] Each of the above options may be selected / determined based on the above-mentioned conditions / triggers (for example, conditions / triggers based on time / number of UEs / traffic, etc.).

[0147] The change / update of each of the above options may be configured / instructed / notified to the UE based on at least one of system information (e.g., SIB / MIB), higher layer signaling (RRC parameters / MAC CE), and DCI.

[0148] The above options may be changed / updated based on the above conditions / triggers (e.g., timers / events) or based on the implementation of the NW / UE.

[0149] The second cell may be identified by a specific ID.

[0150] The particular ID may have a fixed value.

[0151] The specific ID may be a virtual ID. In other words, the specific ID may be an ID that can be dynamically changed, and the configuration / scope / position of the second cell may be dynamically changed in accordance with the change in the ID.

[0152] Common / dedicated configurations / parameters for multiple second cells may be signaled to the UE, and the configurations / parameters may be signaled using higher layer (RRC) parameters, for example.

[0153] The settings / parameters may be, for example, PCI / TRP / SSB related settings / parameters.

[0154] The second cell may be used for a particular purpose / property, or in other words, the second cell may be defined / configured / identified with a particular purpose / property.

[0155] The specific purpose may be, for example, at least one of the following: control plane, user plane, paging, measurement, reporting, measurement reporting, beam indication / activation, transmission / reception of specific channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS), initial access, on-demand signals, and handover trigger signals.

[0156] The particular characteristic may be, for example, at least one of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, mean spread, band / component carrier, subcarrier spacing, TCI state, spatial relationship, QCL type, timing advance value, downlink transmission timing, and RNTI.

[0157] The number (e.g., the maximum number) of PCIs / TRPs / SSBs in one second cell may be predefined in a specification, may be configured / instructed / notified to a UE using higher layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, may be determined based on a report of UE capability information, or may be determined by a combination of at least two of these.

[0158] The second cells may be arranged contiguously (physically / spatially), or the second cells may be arranged discontinuously (physically / spatially) from one another.

[0159] <<Sharing Between Second Cells>> <<<Option 0.3.1>>> Synchronization signals (e.g., SSBs and / or SS / PBCH blocks) may be shared between multiple second cells. A UE may assume that it can receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signal in different multiple second cells.

[0160] In this case, the information contained in the synchronization signal may be configurable as second cell-specific information.

[0161] In option 0.3.1, the TRP / PCI may be shared among multiple second cells.

[0162] In Option 0.3.1, at least one of the following may be used among multiple second cells: an ID for the same synchronization signal (e.g., SSB ID / SSB index / candidate SSB index), an ID for the same TRP (e.g., at least one of an ID for identifying a TRP, a TRP ID, and a CORESET pool index), and the same PCI.

[0163] FIG. 11A is a diagram showing an example of an area according to Option 0.3.1. FIG. 11A shows one cell including TRP#0-TRP#3. In the example shown in FIG. 11A, Area#1 and Area#2 are formed within the coverage of TRP#0. Area#1 and Area#2 overlap in the overlapping area, and therefore Area#1 and Area#2 can share the same SSB coverage. In other words, in the overlapping area, Area#1 and Area#2 can share the same SSB / TRP / PCI.

[0164] By enabling a configuration such as option 0.3.1, the most flexible configuration of the second cell is possible.

[0165] <<<Option 0.3.2>>> Synchronization signals may not be shared among multiple second cells. The UE may assume that it does not receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signal in different multiple second cells.

[0166] In this case, the information included in the synchronization signal may be configurable as information specific to the second cell, and in this case, the second cell may be identified using an index related to the synchronization signal.

[0167] In option 0.3.2, the TRP / PCI may be shared among multiple second cells.

[0168] In option 0.3.2, at least one of the same TRP ID (e.g., at least one of an ID for identifying a TRP, a TRP ID, and a CORESET pool index) and the same PCI may be used between multiple second cells.

[0169] FIG. 11B is a diagram showing an example of an area according to Option 0.3.2. FIG. 11B shows one cell including TRP#0-TRP#3. In the example shown in FIG. 11B, Area#1 and Area#2 are formed within the coverage of TRP#1. Area#1 and Area#2 do not overlap with each other, so Area#1 and Area#2 have different SSB coverage. Therefore, areas included in Area#1 or Area#2 do not share the same SSB, but can share the same TRP / PCI.

[0170] In a configuration such as Option 0.3.2, the maximum number of second cells within a first cell may be the number of synchronization signals (SSB / SSB coverage), or, if the second cell spans multiple SSB coverages, the maximum number of second cells within a first cell may be the number of spanning SSBs (SSB groups).

[0171] <<<Option 0.3.3>>> Synchronization signals and TRPs may not be shared among multiple second cells. The UE may assume that it does not transmit / receive signals for the same TRP and does not receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signals in different multiple second cells.

[0172] In this case, the information included in the synchronization signal may be set as information specific to the second cell. Also, in this case, the second cell may be identified using an index related to the synchronization signal. Also, in this case, the second cell may be identified using an ID related to the TRP (an ID for identifying the TRP).

[0173] In option 0.3.3, the PCI may be shared among multiple second cells.

[0174] In option 0.3.3, the same PCI may be used among multiple second cells.

[0175] FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating an example of an area according to Option 0.3.3. FIG. 11C shows one cell including TRP#0-TRP#3. In the example shown in FIG. 11C, Area#1 is formed within the coverage of TRP#2, and Area#2 is formed within the coverage of TRP#3. Area#1 and Area#2 do not overlap with each other, so Area#1 and Area#2 have different SSB coverage. Therefore, areas included in Area#1 or Area#2 may not share the same SSB, may not share the same TRP, and may share the same PCI.

[0176] In a configuration such as Option 0.3.3, the maximum number of second cells in a first cell may be the number of TRPs. Also, if the second cells span multiple TRPs, the maximum number of second cells in a first cell may be the number of spanning TRPs (TRP groups).

[0177] <<<Option 0.3.4>>> Synchronization signals, TRPs and PCIs may not be shared among multiple second cells. The UE may assume that different second cells do not transmit / receive signals to / from the same cell (first cell / PCI), the same TRP, or receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signals.

[0178] In this case, the information included in the synchronization signal may be set as information specific to the second cell. Also, in this case, the second cell may be identified using an index related to the synchronization signal. Also, in this case, the second cell may be identified using an ID related to the TRP (an ID for identifying the TRP). Also, in this case, the second cell may be identified using a PCI.

[0179] In a configuration such as Option 0.3.4, the maximum number of second cells in a first cell may be 1. Also, when a second cell spans multiple first cells, the total maximum number of second cells may be the number of spanned first cells / PCIs (PCI groups).

[0180] Each of the above options may be selected / determined based on the above-mentioned conditions / triggers (for example, conditions / triggers based on time / number of UEs / traffic, etc.).

[0181] The change / update of each of the above options may be configured / instructed / notified to the UE based on at least one of system information (e.g., SIB / MIB), higher layer signaling (RRC parameters / MAC CE), and DCI.

[0182] The above options may be changed / updated based on the above conditions / triggers (e.g., timers / events) or based on the implementation of the NW / UE.

[0183] The ID in each of the above options (e.g., an ID related to a synchronization signal, an ID related to a TRP, and / or a PCI) may be a global ID (e.g., common to all networks) or a local ID (e.g., unique to a part of a network).

[0184] The number (e.g., the maximum number) of multiple second cells using at least one of the same synchronization signal ID, the same TRP ID, and the same PCI may be predefined in a specification, may be configured / instructed / notified to a UE using higher layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, may be determined based on a report of UE capability information, or may be determined by a combination of at least two of these.

[0185] (HST) In LTE, antenna placement in tunnels for high-speed trains (HST) is difficult. Large antennas transmit both inside and outside the tunnel. For example, the transmission power of a large antenna is about 1 to 5 W. For handover, it is important for the UE to transmit outside the tunnel before entering the tunnel.

[0186] Also, for example, the transmission power of a small antenna is about 250 mW. Multiple small antennas (transmitting and receiving points) with the same cell ID and a distance of 300 m form a single frequency network (SFN). All small antennas in the SFN transmit the same signal at the same time on the same PRB. It is assumed that a UE transmits and receives signals to a single base station. In reality, multiple transmitting and receiving points transmit the same DL signal. When moving at high speed, transmitting and receiving points of several kilometers apart form one cell. Handover occurs when crossing cells. This reduces the handover frequency.

[0187] In NR, it is assumed that a beam transmitted from a transmission point (e.g., a remote radio head (RRH)) is used to communicate with a UE included in a moving object (HST) such as a fast-moving train. Existing systems (e.g., Rel. 15) support transmitting a unidirectional beam from a remote radio head (RRH) to communicate with the moving object (see FIG. 12A).

[0188] FIG. 12A shows a case where RRHs are installed along the moving path (or moving direction, traveling direction, or travel path) of a moving object, and a beam is formed from each RRH in the moving direction of the moving object. An RRH that forms a beam in one direction may be called a uni-directional RRH. In the example shown in FIG. 12A, the moving object receives a negative Doppler shift (-f Ｄ ) is received.

[0189] Here, we show a case where a beam is formed in the direction of travel of the moving body, but this is not limited to this, and a beam may be formed in the opposite direction to the direction of travel, or a beam may be formed in any direction regardless of the direction of travel of the moving body.

[0190] In Rel. 16 and later, it is assumed that multiple (e.g., two or more) beams are transmitted from the remote radio head (RRH). For example, it is assumed that beams are formed in both the moving direction of the mobile unit and the opposite direction (see FIG. 12B ).

[0191] 12B shows a case where RRHs are installed along the movement path of the moving object, and beams are formed from each RRH in both the moving direction of the moving object and the opposite direction of the moving direction. RRHs that form beams in multiple directions (e.g., two directions) may be called bidirectional RRHs.

[0192] In HST, the UE communicates as if it were a single TRP. In base station implementations, it is possible to transmit from multiple TRPs (same cell ID).

[0193] In the example of FIG. 12B, when two remote radio heads (here, RRH #1 and RRH #2) use SFN, the signal of the moving object switches from a signal that has undergone a negative Doppler shift to a signal that has undergone a positive Doppler shift, which increases the power, at the midpoint between the two remote radio heads. In this case, the maximum Doppler shift change range that requires correction is −f Ｄ From + f Ｄ This is double the change compared to the case of the unidirectional RRH.

[0194] Here, as HST schemes, the following schemes 0 to 2 (HST scheme 0 to HST scheme 2) will be compared.

[0195] In scheme 0 of Figure 13A, a tracking reference signal (TRS), a DMRS, and a PDSCH are transmitted in common (using the same time and frequency resources) to two TRPs (RRHs) (normal SFN, transparent SFN, HST-SFN).

[0196] In scheme 0, the UE receives DL channels / signals equivalent to a single TRP, so there is one TCI state for the PDSCH.

[0197] In addition, Rel. 16 specifies an RRC parameter for distinguishing between transmissions using a single TRP and transmissions using an SFN. When a UE reports corresponding UE capability information, the UE may distinguish between reception of a DL channel / signal using a single TRP and reception of a PDSCH assuming an SFN based on the RRC parameter. On the other hand, the UE may also perform transmission and reception using an SFN assuming a single TRP.

[0198] In scheme 1 of Figure 13B, TRSs are transmitted TRP-specifically (using different time / frequency resources depending on the TRP). In this example, TRS1 is transmitted from TRP#1 and TRS2 is transmitted from TRP#2.

[0199] In Scheme 1, there are two TCI states for the PDSCH since the UE receives DL channels / signals from each TRP using TRS from each TRP.

[0200] Note that in this disclosure, SFN scheme 1 (SFN scheme 1) may be referred to as SFN scheme A or scheme A. In scheme A, Doppler compensation may be performed in the UE.

[0201] In scheme 2 of Figure 13C, TRS and DMRS are transmitted individually for each TRP. In this example, TRS1 and DMRS1 are transmitted from TRP#1, and TRS2 and DMRS2 are transmitted from TRP#2. Compared to scheme 0, schemes 1 and 2 can suppress sudden changes in Doppler shift and properly estimate / guarantee Doppler shift. Since the DMRS in scheme 2 is increased more than that in scheme 1, the maximum throughput of scheme 2 is lower than that of scheme 1.

[0202] In Scheme 0, the UE switches between single TRP and SFN based on higher layer signaling (RRC information element / MAC CE).

[0203] The UE may switch between Scheme 1 / Scheme 2 / NW pre-compensation scheme based on higher layer signaling (RRC information element / MAC CE).

[0204] In Scheme 1, two TRS resources are set for the HST's forward direction and its reverse direction, respectively.

[0205] In the example of Figure 14A, the TRPs (TRPs #0, #2, ...) transmitting DL signals in the direction opposite to the HST transmit a first TRS (a TRS arriving before the HST) in the same time and frequency resource (SFN). The TRPs (TRPs #1, #3, ...) transmitting DL signals in the direction of travel of the HST transmit a second TRS (a TRS arriving after the HST) in the same time and frequency resource (SFN). The first TRS and the second TRS may be transmitted / received using different frequency resources.

[0206] In the example of FIG. 14B, TRS1-1 to 1-4 are transmitted as the first TRS, and TRS2-1 to 2-4 are transmitted as the second TRS.

[0207] Considering beam operation, the first TRS is transmitted using 64 beams and 64 time resources, and the second TRS is transmitted using 64 beams and 64 time resources. The beams of the first TRS and the beams of the second TRS are considered to be equal (the QCL Type D RSs are equal). By multiplexing the first TRS and the second TRS into the same time resource but different frequency resource, resource utilization efficiency can be improved.

[0208] In the example of Fig. 15A, RRHs #0-#7 are arranged along the movement path of the HST. RRHs #0-#3 and RRHs #4-#7 are connected to baseband units (BBU) #0 and #1, respectively. Each RRH is a bidirectional RRH, and forms beams in both the direction of travel of the movement path and the opposite direction using each transmission / reception point (TRP).

[0209] In the example of Figure 15B (single TRP (SFN) / scheme 1), when the UE receives a signal / channel (a beam in the direction of travel of the HST, a beam from behind the UE) transmitted from TRP #2n-1 (n is an integer equal to or greater than 0), a negative Doppler shift (in this example, -f Ｄ ) occurs. Also, when the UE receives a signal / channel (a beam in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of the HST, a beam from in front of the UE) transmitted from TRP #2n (n is an integer equal to or greater than 0), a positive Doppler shift (+f Ｄ ) occurs.

[0210] In Rel. 17 and later, a Doppler shift correction (also called Doppler compensation, pre-Doppler compensation, network (NW) pre-compensation scheme (HST NW pre-compensation scheme, TRP-based pre-compensation scheme)) is being considered for transmission of downlink (DL) signals / channels from a TRP to a UE in an HST. By performing Doppler compensation in advance when transmitting DL signals / channels to a UE, the TRP can reduce the effect of Doppler shift when the UE receives the DL signals / channels.

[0211] In this disclosure, the NW pre-compensation scheme may be a combination of Scheme 1 and pre-compensation of Doppler shift by the base station. In this disclosure, the NW pre-compensation and TRP-based pre-compensation scheme may be referred to as SFN Scheme B, Scheme B, etc. In Scheme B, Doppler pre-compensation may be performed in the base station.

[0212] In the network pre-compensation scheme, the TRPs that form beams in the direction of travel of the moving path and the TRPs that form beams in the opposite direction of travel of the moving path perform Doppler compensation before transmitting DL signals / channels to UEs in the HST. In this example, TRP #2n-1 performs positive Doppler compensation, and TRP #2n performs negative Doppler compensation to reduce the effect of Doppler shift when the UE receives the signal / channel (Figure 15C).

[0213] Note that in the situation of Figure 15C, there may be two TCI states for the PDSCH, since the UE receives DL channels / signals from each TRP using TRS from each TRP.

[0214] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communications) With regard to future wireless communications technologies, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0215] For example, it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations (BSs) will utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0216] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0217] In the present disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information; - Selection based on observed or collected information; - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0218] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0219] In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus, device, etc., such as a UE or a BS. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program / model / entity that operates in the apparatus.

[0220] Also, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Generates an estimate by feeding information; - Predicts an estimate by feeding information; - Discovers features by feeding information; - Selects an action by feeding information.

[0221] Additionally, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0222] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. The AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0223] In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in an environment with which the model interacts.

[0224] In the present disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, signal may be interchangeable with signal / channel.

[0225] 16 is a diagram showing an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, each stage related to an AI model is shown as a block. This example is also referred to as life cycle management (LCM) of an AI model.

[0226] The data collection stage corresponds to a stage of collecting data for generating / updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training / model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training / model inference), etc.

[0227] Note that data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, a management entity, or a UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, the terms "process" and "procedure" may be interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, collection may refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

[0228] In the present disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. Also, in the present disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

[0229] In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets a performance threshold), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to the entity that will perform model inference).

[0230] It should be noted that AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0231] AI model validation may also refer to a sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model, which helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

[0232] AI model testing may also refer to a sub-process of training for evaluating the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from that used for model training / validation. Note that, unlike validation, testing does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

[0233] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity training the model), and output (providing model output to the actor).

[0234] Additionally, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0235] Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0236] Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0237] In addition, AI model monitoring may refer to a process for monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0238] Note that model registration may refer to assigning a version identifier to a model and making the model executable (registering) the model by compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference stage. Also, model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating in) a runtime image (or an image of an execution environment) of a fully developed and tested model to (or enabling in) a target (e.g., UE / gNB) where inference will be performed.

[0239] An actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data / inference data / performance feedback), etc.

[0240] For example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB) in a network (NW). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the need for data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

[0241] Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a specific function, model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a specific function, and model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0242] Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This distribution may include distributing parameters of a model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with parameters, or both. This distribution may include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to transferring a model from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to transferring a model from the UE to the network.

[0243] (Analysis) In existing systems, Doppler measurements are performed using periodic DL RSs, e.g., Cell-specific Reference Signals (CRSs) are used in LTE, and TRSs are used in NR (up to Rel. 16).

[0244] 17A is a diagram showing an example of CRS allocation in an LTE system. As shown in FIG. 17A, the CRS symbol interval is 3 symbols (0.214 ms), and in this case, Doppler shifts of up to 972 Hz can be measured.

[0245] 17B is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of TRS in an NR system. In the example shown in FIG. 17B, the symbol interval of the TRS is 4 symbols (0.286 ms), and in this case, Doppler shifts of up to 870 Hz can be measured.

[0246] As mentioned above, the maximum measurable Doppler shift in an NR system is considered to be insufficient to support high frequency bands (e.g., bands above 2.1 GHz in the FDD band, bands above 4.5 GHz in the TDD band) in environments with high speed movement (e.g., movement at speeds exceeding 500 km / h).

[0247] On the other hand, future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and later) may use frequencies higher than those used in existing systems. In order to ensure flexibility in the bands that each operator can use, it is desirable that any band supports regulations that can withstand high-speed mobile environments.

[0248] However, such a provision has not been sufficiently studied. More specifically, even when a higher frequency band than that of existing systems is used in a high-speed moving environment, a method for appropriately measuring / predicting the Doppler shift (for example, the configuration of the DL RS (for example, the symbol interval / symbol position of the RS), Doppler estimation using an AI / ML model on the UE / NW side) has not been sufficiently studied.

[0249] If these considerations are not sufficient, the UE / NW may not be able to properly process signals, which may hinder improvement in communication throughput.

[0250] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving these problems.

[0251] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0252] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0253] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0254] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0255] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0256] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0257] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0258] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0259] In the present disclosure, synchronization signals, SSBs, SS / PBCH blocks, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0260] In the present disclosure, the terms "single TRP" and "SFN" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "HST," "HST scheme," "high speed mobility scheme," "scheme 1," "scheme 2," "NW pre-compensation scheme," "HST scheme 1," "HST scheme 2," and "HST NW pre-compensation scheme" may be interchangeable.

[0261] In the present disclosure, a PDSCH / PDCCH using a single TRP may be interchangeably referred to as a PDSCH / PDCCH based on a single TRP, a single TRP PDSCH / PDCCH, or a non-SFN PDSCH / PDCCH. Also, in the present disclosure, a PDSCH / PDCCH using an SFN may be interchangeably referred to as a PDSCH / PDCCH using an SFN in multi-hop transmission, a PDSCH / PDCCH based on an SFN, or an SFN PDSCH / PDCCH.

[0262] In the present disclosure, receiving DL signals (PDSCH / PDCCH) using an SFN may mean receiving the same data (PDSCH) / control information (PDCCH) from multiple transmission / reception points using the same time / frequency resources. Also, receiving DL signals using an SFN may mean receiving the same data / control information using the same time / frequency resources and / or using multiple TCI states / spatial domain filters / beams / QCLs.

[0263] In the present disclosure, the terms HST-SFN scheme, SFN scheme for Rel. 17 or later, new SFN scheme, new HST-SFN scheme, HST-SFN scenario for Rel. 17 or later, HST-SFN scheme for HST-SFN scenario, SFN scheme for HST-SFN scenario, Scheme 1, Doppler pre-compensation scheme, Scheme 1 (HST Scheme 1), and at least one of Doppler pre-compensation scheme may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms Doppler pre-compensation scheme, base station pre-compensation scheme, TRP pre-compensation scheme, pre-Doppler compensation scheme, Doppler pre-compensation scheme, NW pre-compensation scheme, HST NW pre-compensation scheme, TRP pre-compensation scheme, and TRP-based pre-compensation scheme may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms pre-compensation scheme, reduction scheme, improvement scheme, and correction scheme may be interchangeable.

[0264] (Wireless communication method) In the present disclosure, the terms TRS, DL RS, UL RS, CRS, etc. may be interchangeable. In each embodiment of the present disclosure, a TRS (particularly, an NZP CSI-RS) will be described as an example, but the RS used in applying each embodiment is not limited to the TRS / NZP CSI-RS.

[0265] In the present disclosure, HST, high mobility, high-speed mobility, second mobility, TRS for HST, and TRS for high mobility may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, normal mobility, mobility other than high mobility, first mobility, normal TRS, and TRS for normal mobility may be interchangeable.

[0266] The RRC parameter / information element names and MAC CE / DCI field names in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to the examples shown.

[0267] Note that the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable without being limited to the cell-free configuration / HST. In other words, the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to cases where the cell-free configuration / HST is not adopted.

[0268] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to the setting of a TRS.

[0269] The first embodiment is roughly divided into embodiments 1-1 to 1-4. The UE / NW may apply any one of embodiments 1-1 to 1-4 alone, or may apply at least two of embodiments 1-1 to 1-4 in combination.

[0270] Furthermore, the UE / NW may use at least one of the modes corresponding to each of the embodiments 1-1 to 1-4.

[0271] <<Embodiment 1-1>> A UE may receive configuration regarding a TRS using higher layer signaling (for example, SIB / RRC signaling).

[0272] The UE may measure the Doppler shift using a TRS based on this configuration.

[0273] <<<Option 1-1-1>>> The configuration related to the TRS may be, for example, a configuration related to a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource set / resource (for example, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet).

[0274] The settings for the TRS may include, for example, setting a symbol interval / number of symbols that is different from the symbol interval (e.g., 4) / number of symbols in a slot (e.g., 2) of the TRS in the existing NR.

[0275] For example, the symbol interval included in the configuration for the TRS may be smaller than the symbol interval of the existing TRS (for example, the symbol interval may be 3 or less).

[0276] For example, the number of symbols included in the configuration for the TRS may be equal to or greater than the number of symbols of the existing TRS (for example, the number of symbols may be two or more).

[0277] For example, the setting for the TRS may be a different periodic NZP CSI-RS resource (for example, a CSI-RS resource other than a single-port CSI-RS resource having a frequency density of 3) among the settings for the TRS in the existing NR.

[0278] For example, the configuration for the TRS may be such that a new periodic NZP CSI-RS resource can be configured.

[0279] For example, the configuration related to the TRS may be such that the number of periodic NZP CSI-RS resource configurations that can be configured per slot is greater than the existing number (e.g., 2). The configuration of the periodic NZP CSI-RS resource may include configuration of the symbol interval / number of symbols in a slot of the TRS.

[0280] For example, the settings for the TRS may include a parameter (e.g., trs-Info-HighMobility) indicating that the TRS is to be used for a TRS for an HST.

[0281] <<<Option 1-1-2>>> The setting related to the TRS may be, for example, a new RRC parameter (for example, TRS-ResourceSetforhighmobility).

[0282] In other words, the settings for the TRS may be different from the settings for the existing NZP CSI-RS.

[0283] The settings for this TRS may have the same configuration as the settings for the existing NZP CSI-RS.

[0284] The settings for the TRS may include, for example, setting a symbol interval / number of symbols that is different from the symbol interval (e.g., 4) / number of symbols in a slot (e.g., 2) of the TRS in the existing NR.

[0285] For example, the symbol interval included in the configuration for the TRS may be smaller than the symbol interval of the existing TRS (for example, the symbol interval may be 3 or less).

[0286] For example, the number of symbols included in the configuration for the TRS may be equal to or greater than the number of symbols of the existing TRS (for example, the number of symbols may be two or more).

[0287] For example, the setting for the TRS may be a different periodic NZP CSI-RS resource (for example, a CSI-RS resource other than a single-port CSI-RS resource having a frequency density of 3) among the settings for the TRS in the existing NR.

[0288] For example, the configuration for the TRS may be such that a new periodic NZP CSI-RS resource can be configured.

[0289] For example, the configuration related to the TRS may be such that the number of periodic NZP CSI-RS resource configurations that can be configured per slot is greater than the existing number (e.g., 2). The configuration of the periodic NZP CSI-RS resource may include configuration of the symbol interval / number of symbols in a slot of the TRS.

[0290] For example, the settings for the TRS may include a parameter (e.g., trs-Info-HighMobility) indicating that the TRS is to be used for a TRS for an HST.

[0291] For example, the configuration for the TRS may be included in the configuration for the resource set of the TRS (for example, TRS-ResourceSet / TRS-ResourceSet-r17).

[0292] <<<<Option 1-1-3>>> A setting for a first TRS (for example, a setting for an existing TRS) and a setting for a second TRS (for example, a setting for a TRS for an HST) may be defined.

[0293] The UE may be notified of whether the configuration for the first TRS or the configuration for the second TRS is to be configured using higher layer signaling (e.g., information of a specific number of bits (e.g., 1 bit) included in the RRC / SIB).

[0294] For example, when the UE determines that a setting related to a first TRS is to be configured, the UE may determine to use the first TRS configuration (e.g., an existing TRS configuration (e.g., a TRS with a symbol interval of 4)). Also, when the UE determines that a setting related to a second TRS is to be configured, the UE may determine to use the second TRS configuration (e.g., a TRS configuration for HST (e.g., a TRS with a symbol interval of 3)).

[0295] For example, when an SIB is used to notify (e.g., to multiple UEs in a cell) which of the first TRS configuration and the second TRS configuration will be configured, the same resources may be configured for the TRS related to the first TRS configuration and the TRS related to the second TRS configuration, or different resources may be configured.

[0296] For example, when RRC is used (e.g., individually for each UE) to notify which of the settings for the first TRS and the second TRS will be configured, different resources may be configured for the TRS related to the configuration of the first TRS and the TRS related to the configuration of the second TRS.

[0297] In this case, for example, the resources of the TRS relating to the first TRS configuration and the resources of the TRS relating to the second TRS configuration may be time division multiplexed (TDM) / frequency division multiplexed (FDM) / space division multiplexed (SDM).

[0298] In this case, for example, the resources of the TRS according to the first TRS configuration and the resources of the TRS according to the second TRS configuration may overlap in at least some resources (for example, symbols).

[0299] In this case, for example, a parameter indicating switching between the existing (normal) TRS and the TRS for HST may be defined / set for each CSI-RS resource set / resource.

[0300] In this case, for example, the UE may assume / determine that a particular (e.g., a first) CSI-RS resource set / resource is configured for normal TRS, and another (e.g., a second) CSI-RS resource set / resource is configured for TRS for HST.

[0301] <<<<Modifications>>>> In the first embodiment, a period (e.g., a period shorter than 10 ms) different from the existing setting (e.g., shorter than the existing setting) may be set for the periodic NZP CSI-RS related to the TRS for HST.

[0302] In the first embodiment, the mapping of the TRS may be configured using a parameter related to resource mapping of the CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS-resourceMapping) or may be configured using a new parameter. For example, the UE may determine the mapping position of the TRS (e.g., symbol number 1=4 / 7 / 8) using a parameter indicating the symbol position to which the TRS is mapped.

[0303] Also, in the first embodiment, the UE may assume / determine that for the configured periodic NZP CSI-RS, the antenna ports correspond to different port indices.

[0304] In the present disclosure, periodic NZP CSI-RS, aperiodic NZP CSI-RS, and semi-persistent NZP CSI-RS may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0305] Furthermore, the setting in the first embodiment may be a UE-specific setting or a cell-specific setting.

[0306] In addition, the RRC configuration in the first embodiment may be configured for each serving cell / area (second cell in cell-free mode) / TRP, or may be configured for at least one of a non-serving cell / area / TRP and a candidate cell / area / TRP.

[0307] At least one of the parameters described in this variant may be set using higher layer parameters, may be predefined in specifications, may be determined based on reported UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0308] According to embodiment 1-1, the TRS for the HST can be appropriately set.

[0309] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE may receive an instruction regarding the TRS using MAC CE / DCI.

[0310] The UE may measure the Doppler shift using the TRS based on the instruction.

[0311] <<<Option 1-2-1>>> For example, the UE may be instructed of the resource set for the TRS using MAC CE / DCI.

[0312] For example, the UE may be indicated one or more resource set IDs using codepoints included in the MAC CE / DCI.

[0313] For example, the UE may be indicated one or more resource set IDs using a bitmap included in the MAC CE / DCI.

[0314] <<<Option 1-2-2>>> For example, the UE may be instructed of the symbol interval / number of symbols (number of symbols in a slot) of the TRS using MAC CE / DCI.

[0315] For example, the UE may be instructed using the MAC CE / DCI only about the symbol interval of the TRS, only about the number of symbols of the TRS, or about the symbol interval and the number of symbols of the TRS, or may be instructed using an ID about a combination of the symbol interval and the number of symbols that are set in advance using RRC (or that are specified in advance in a specification).

[0316] <<<Option 1-2-3>>> For example, the UE may be instructed of the symbol position of the TRS (symbol position within a slot) using MAC CE / DCI.

[0317] For example, the symbol number indicating the symbol position of the TRS may be indicated by a code point or a bitmap, or a combination of symbol positions that are set in advance using RRC (or that are specified in advance in the specifications) may be indicated using an ID.

[0318] <<<Option 1-2-4>>> For example, the UE may be notified of the transmission of the TRS for HST using the MAC CE / DCI.

[0319] In this option, one (or at least one) TRS for HST may be configured for the UE using RRC configuration.

[0320] For example, the UE may be notified of either transmitting a normal TRS (for normal mobility) or a TRS for HST using a field (e.g., a 1-bit field) included in the MAC CE / DCI.

[0321] For example, when the field indicates a first value (e.g., 0), the UE may assume that a normal TRS is to be transmitted, and when the field indicates a second value (e.g., 1), the UE may assume that a TRS for HST is to be transmitted.

[0322] <<<Option 1-2-5>>> For example, when a specific notification is given to the UE using MAC CE / DCI, the UE may determine that a TRS for HST is to be transmitted.

[0323] The particular notification may be, for example, a notification regarding a TCI state. For example, if the UE receives a notification indicating multiple (e.g., two) TCI states, the UE may determine that a TRS for HST is to be transmitted.

[0324] <<<Modifications>>> The (maximum) number of TRS candidates that can be configured for a UE using RRC and the (maximum) number of TRS candidates that can be instructed for a UE using MAC CE / DCI may be configured using higher layer signaling, may be specified in advance in a specification, may be determined based on reported UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0325] The UE may determine / assume that HST (TRS for HST) / normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) applies after a certain period of time (e.g., X symbols / slots / ms) from receipt / transmission of a notification using MAC CE / DCI.

[0326] Switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be notified using a [new] MAC CE / DCI.

[0327] The switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be performed when a specific timer that is predefined / set expires.

[0328] Switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be performed when the number of slots / number of TRS to which the TRP for HST / normal TRS is applied is set and a specific counter reaches a specific value.

[0329] The UE may transmit a request for switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) to the NW.

[0330] The above X, the specific timer, and the specific counter may be specified in advance in a specification, may be configured in the UE using higher layer signaling, may be determined based on UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0331] If the above specific timer / counter is applied, when the UE receives a MAC CE / DCI for HST (TRS for HST), the UE may reset / restart the specific timer / counter.

[0332] If the above-mentioned specific timer / counter is applied, when the UE receives a MAC CE / DCI for normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility), the UE may determine / assume that the specific timer / counter has expired / run out.

[0333] The instruction by the MAC CE / DCI in the first embodiment may be an instruction for each serving cell / area (second cell in a cell-free environment) / TRP, or may be an instruction for at least one of a non-serving cell / area / TRP and a candidate cell / area / TRP.

[0334] According to the first and second embodiments, the TRS for the HST can be appropriately indicated.

[0335] <<Embodiment 1-3>> A UE may be configured with multiple types of TRS (for example, NZP CSI-RS).

[0336] The multiple types of TRP may be, for example, at least two of periodic, aperiodic, and semi-persistent. The type of TRS in this embodiment may be interpreted as any type.

[0337] The configuration of the first (eg, periodic) NZP CSI-RS may be the same as the configuration of the existing periodic NZP CSI-RS.

[0338] The UE may receive a TRS based on a first NZP CSI-RS configuration and a TRS based on a second (eg, aperiodic / semi-persistent) NZP CSI-RS configuration.

[0339] According to the configuration of this embodiment, it is possible to increase the number of TRS symbols that can be transmitted per slot compared to the existing TRS.

[0340] The number of TRS symbols that can be transmitted per slot may be configured using higher layer signaling, may be specified in advance, may be determined based on UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0341] For example, the number of second (eg, aperiodic / semi-persistent) NZP CSI-RS may be configured for the UE.

[0342] The number of TRS symbols that can be transmitted per slot may be set per TRP / cell / area.

[0343] For example, the UE may be informed of the configuration for one or more second (eg, aperiodic / semi-persistent) NZP CSI-RSs using RRC signaling.

[0344] The second NZP CSI-RS may be the same as or different from the first NZP CSI-RS.

[0345] For example, at least one of the settings described in the above embodiment 1-1 may be applied to the settings related to the NZP CSI-RS.

[0346] For example, the UE may be instructed using MAC CE / DCI which second NZP CSI-RS to trigger.

[0347] The instruction using MAC CE / DCI may be, for example, at least one of those described in the above embodiment 1-2 (for example, options 1-2-1 / 1-2-3 / 1-2-4 / 1-2-5).

[0348] The method described in the above embodiments 1-2 may be applied to at least one of the number of second NZP CSI-RSs that can be instructed, the time until the instruction is applied, TRS / mobility switching, and notification target (e.g., serving cell / area / TRP, non-serving cell / area / TRP, candidate cell / area / TRP).

[0349] When at least one of a specific condition is satisfied, a specific higher layer parameter is configured, and a specific UE capability information is reported, the UE may assume / determine that the phases of the first NZP CSI-RS resource and the second NZP CSI-RS resource are continuous. By specifying in this way, it is possible to appropriately measure the Doppler shift even when multiple types of NZP CSI-RS are used.

[0350] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of TRS arrangement according to embodiments 1 to 3. In the example illustrated in FIG. 18, a periodic NZP CSI-RS and an aperiodic NZP CSI-RS are configured / instructed to a UE. Doppler shift is measured using the periodic NZP CSI-RS and the aperiodic NZP CSI-RS.

[0351] According to the first to third embodiments, by using multiple existing TRSs, it is possible to realize a TRS configuration that is compatible with high frequency bands.

[0352] <<Embodiment 1-4>> The UE may request the NW to transmit a TRS for HST.

[0353] For example, if a particular event is met, the UE may send a request for TRS transmission for the HST.

[0354] The particular event may be configured using higher layer signaling, may be pre-specified, may be determined based on UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0355] For example, a new event may be set / defined for determining / assessing the HST for a particular event.

[0356] Also, for example, for a specific event, an existing event (up to Rel. 18) may be reused.

[0357] Also, for example, the UE may transmit a request for TRS transmission for HST based on the implementation of the UE.

[0358] The UE may determine / assume that HST (TRS for HST) / normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) applies after a certain period of time (e.g., X symbols / slots / ms) from the event occurrence / transmission of the request.

[0359] Switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be notified using a [new] MAC CE / DCI.

[0360] The switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be performed when a specific timer that is predefined / set expires.

[0361] Switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) may be performed when the number of slots / number of TRS to which the TRP for HST / normal TRS is applied is set and a specific counter reaches a specific value.

[0362] The UE may transmit a request for switching between HST (TRS for HST) and normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility) to the NW.

[0363] The above X, the specific timer, and the specific counter may be specified in advance in a specification, may be configured in the UE using higher layer signaling, may be determined based on UE capability information, or may be determined based on a combination of these.

[0364] If the above specific timer / counter is applied, when the UE receives a MAC CE / DCI for HST (TRS for HST), the UE may reset / restart the specific timer / counter.

[0365] If the above-mentioned specific timer / counter is applied, when the UE receives a MAC CE / DCI for normal mobility (TRS for normal mobility), the UE may determine / assume that the specific timer / counter has expired / run out.

[0366] The request transmitted by the UE may be transmitted using a specific UL channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS / other UL signal).

[0367] For example, the UE may transmit the request using a Scheduling Request (SR), for which an SR configuration / SR resource may be configured / defined for the request.

[0368] For example, if the UE does not configure the SR configuration / SR resources for the request, it may use the normal SR configuration / SR resources.

[0369] For example, the UE may send the request using a MAC CE, or if the UE receives an UL grant (e.g., if there are free PUSCH resources), the UE may send the MAC CE on the PUSCH, or the UE may send an SR to request the UL grant.

[0370] For example, the UE may send the request using the UCI.

[0371] In this case, for example, the UE may use the resources allocated in periodic / semi-persistent CSI reporting.

[0372] In addition, in order to distinguish it from a CSI report, a bit for identifying the application may be defined in the UCI, or a specific bit (bit length) in the UCI may be used for the purpose of application identification.

[0373] The request sent by the UE may include at least one of a bit requesting HST / high mobility (e.g., 1 bit) and the number / ID of the TRP / cell / area to be applied.

[0374] According to the first to fourth embodiments, it is possible to appropriately request the setting / instruction of the HST and the TRS for the HST.

[0375] According to the first embodiment described above, by using the TRS for the HST, it is possible to appropriately measure the Doppler shift even when a high frequency band is used.

[0376] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to Doppler estimation.

[0377] The UE / NW may use the UE-side / NW-side AI / ML model to predict / estimate the Doppler shift.

[0378] The UE / NW may transmit and receive signals applying Doppler compensation based on the predicted / estimated Doppler shift.

[0379] Input information for the UE-side / NW-side AI / ML model may include, for example, information on at least one of the following: UE movement speed / acceleration; UE location; frequency; subcarrier spacing; RS (e.g., DL / UL RS) phase [result] used for estimation; past (historical) Doppler shift; TRP movement speed / acceleration; TRP location; mobility history; mobility route.

[0380] The output information from the UE-side / NW-side AI / ML model may include, for example, information on at least one of the following: Doppler shift prediction; Phase difference (not measurable if it exceeds 360°);

[0381] For example, network-side information (e.g., information regarding the TRP's movement speed / acceleration, or at least one of the TRP's location information) used as input information for the UE-side AI / ML model may be notified to the UE using, for example, MAC CE / DCI.

[0382] By using information from the network side for Doppler estimation / compensation in the UE, it is possible to perform Doppler estimation / compensation with higher accuracy.

[0383] For example, UE-side information (e.g., UE moving speed / acceleration, UE position, RS (e.g., TRS) phase [result] used for estimation, and at least one of past (historical) Doppler shift) used as input information for the NW-side AI / ML model may be transmitted to the NW, for example, using MAC CE / UCI.

[0384] By using information from the UE side for Doppler estimation / compensation in the NW, it is possible to perform Doppler estimation / compensation with higher accuracy.

[0385] For example, the UE may receive output information from the AI / ML model on the NW side using MAC CE / DCI.

[0386] By using the output information on the NW side for Doppler compensation in the UE, it is possible to perform Doppler compensation with higher accuracy.

[0387] For example, the UE may receive output information from the UW-side AI / ML model using MAC CE / UCI.

[0388] By using the output information on the UE side for Doppler compensation in the network, it is possible to perform Doppler compensation with higher accuracy.

[0389] The output information from the UE-side / NW-side AI / ML model may be used for Doppler compensation in HST / SFN defined in Rel. 17.

[0390] 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of Doppler estimation according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 19, the UE / NW uses the phase rotations at t = 0, 1, and 2 as input information to estimate the future (t = 3) movement rotation using an AI model. The UE / NW performs Doppler compensation based on the predicted / estimated Doppler shift.

[0391] Note that the RS (for example, TRS) in this embodiment may be transmitted using the same method as the existing TRS (defined up to Rel. 18).

[0392] Furthermore, the RS (for example, TRS) in this embodiment may be transmitted using a method different from that of the existing TRS (defined up to Rel. 18). In this case, this embodiment may be applied in appropriate combination with the above-described first embodiment.

[0393] According to the second embodiment, by using the AI / ML model, it is possible to perform appropriate Doppler compensation even when a high frequency band is used.

[0394] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) to a UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0395] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0396] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0397] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0398] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0399] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0400] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0401] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0402] <<Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0403] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information Supporting TRS for HST Number of supported TRS configurations.

[0404] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0405] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0406] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0407] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1-1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives at least one of a setting for high mobility and an instruction for the bi-mobility, and a control unit that controls reception of a downlink reference signal based on at least one of the setting and the instruction. [Supplementary Note 1-2] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1-1, wherein the downlink reference signal is configured and indicated separately from downlink reference signals for uses other than the high mobility. [Supplementary Note 1-3] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1-1 or Supplementary Note 1-2, wherein the downlink reference signal includes multiple types of non-zero power channel state information reference signals. [Supplementary Note 1-4] The terminal described in any of Supplements 1-1 to 1-3, wherein the control unit controls to transmit a request for transmission of the downlink signal based on a specific event. [Supplementary Note 2-1] A terminal having a control unit that performs Doppler estimation based on at least one of first output information from a first Artificial Intelligence (AI) model on the terminal side and second output information from a second AI model on the network side, and a transceiver unit that transmits and receives signals by applying Doppler compensation based on the Doppler estimation. [Supplementary Note 2-2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 2-1, wherein the first output information is based on at least one of input information on the terminal side and input information on the network side. [Supplementary Note 2-3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 2-1 or Supplementary Note 2-2, wherein the transceiver unit transmits the first output information to the network using at least one of a Medium Access Control (MAC) control element and uplink control information. [Supplementary Note 2-4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 2-1 to 2-3, wherein the transceiver unit receives the second output information from the network using at least one of a Medium Access Control (MAC) control element and downlink control information.

[0408] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0409] 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0410] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0411] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0412] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0413] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0414] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0415] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0416] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0417] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0418] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0419] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0420] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0421] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0422] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0423] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0424] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0425] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0426] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0427] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0428] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0429] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0430] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0431] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0432] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0433] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0434] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0435] 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0436] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0437] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0438] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0439] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0440] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0441] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0442] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0443] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0444] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0445] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0446] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0447] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0448] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0449] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0450] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0451] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0452] The transceiver 120 may transmit at least one of a setting for high mobility and an instruction for bi-mobility, and the controller 110 may control transmission of a downlink reference signal using at least one of the setting and the instruction (first embodiment).

[0453] The control unit 110 may perform Doppler estimation based on at least one of first output information from a first artificial intelligence (AI) model on the terminal side and second output information from a second AI model on the network side. The transceiver unit 120 may transmit and receive signals by applying Doppler compensation based on the Doppler estimation (second embodiment).

[0454] (User terminal) Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0455] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0456] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0457] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0458] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0459] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0460] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0461] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0462] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0463] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0464] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0465] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0466] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0467] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0468] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0469] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0470] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0471] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0472] The transceiver 220 may receive at least one of a setting for high mobility and an instruction for bi-mobility, and the controller 210 may control reception of a downlink reference signal based on at least one of the setting and the instruction (first embodiment).

[0473] The downlink reference signal may be configured and indicated separately from downlink reference signals for purposes other than the high mobility (first embodiment).

[0474] The downlink reference signal may include multiple types of non-zero power channel state information reference signals (first embodiment).

[0475] The control unit 210 may perform control so as to transmit a request for transmitting the downlink signal based on a specific event (first embodiment).

[0476] The control unit 210 may perform Doppler estimation based on at least one of first output information from a first artificial intelligence (AI) model on the terminal side and second output information from a second AI model on the network side. The transceiver unit 220 may transmit and receive signals by applying Doppler compensation based on the Doppler estimation (second embodiment).

[0477] The first output information may be based on at least one of the terminal-side input information and the network-side input information (second embodiment).

[0478] The transceiver unit 220 may transmit the first output information to the network using at least one of a Medium Access Control (MAC) control element and uplink control information (second embodiment).

[0479] The transceiver unit 220 may receive the second output information from the network using at least one of a Medium Access Control (MAC) control element and downlink control information (second embodiment).

[0480] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0481] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0482] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0483] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0484] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0485] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0486] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0487] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0488] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0489] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0490] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0491] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0492] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0493] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0494] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0495] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0496] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0497] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0498] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0499] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0500] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0501] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0502] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0503] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0504] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0505] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0506] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0507] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0508] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0509] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0510] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0511] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0512] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0513] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0514] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0515] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0516] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0517] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0518] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0519] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0520] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0521] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0522] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0523] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0524] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0525] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0526] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0527] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0528] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0529] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0530] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0531] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0532] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0533] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0534] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0535] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0536] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0537] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0538] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0539] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0540] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0541] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0542] 24 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0543] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0544] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0545] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0546] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0547] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0548] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0549] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0550] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0551] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0552] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0553] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0554] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0555] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0556] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0557] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0558] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0559] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0560] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0561] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0562] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0563] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0564] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0565] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0566] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0567] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0568] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0569] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0570] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0571] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0572] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0573] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0574] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0575] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0576] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives at least one of a high mobility setting and an instruction for the bimobility; and a control unit that controls reception of a downlink reference signal based on at least one of the setting and the instruction.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the downlink reference signal is set and instructed separately from a downlink reference signal for uses other than the high mobility.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the downlink reference signal includes a plurality of types of non-zero power channel state information reference signals.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls to transmit a request for transmission of the downlink signal based on a specific event.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: receiving at least one of a high mobility setting and an instruction for the bimobility; and controlling reception of a downlink reference signal based on at least one of the setting and the instruction.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits at least one of a high mobility setting and an instruction for the bimobility; and a control unit that controls transmission of a downlink reference signal using at least one of the setting and the instruction.

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