Micro-doppler object signature detection
AI-based micro-Doppler object signature detection using configured time windows and angular offsets addresses the challenge of dynamic object detection in wireless communications, improving autonomous driving and air traffic control applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074589
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems struggle to effectively detect and distinguish micro-Doppler object signatures, such as rotor rotation of UAVs, flapping of wings, or spinning of vehicle wheels, which are crucial for applications like autonomous driving and air traffic control, due to the dynamic nature of these motions.
Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) models within configured time windows to detect and report object signatures based on reference signals, enabling differentiation of objects through angular offsets and motion states, and employing similarity thresholds to identify consistent signatures.
Enables accurate detection and differentiation of moving objects, improving collision avoidance and flight tracking by leveraging AI models to analyze micro-Doppler effects, enhancing the precision of object sensing in dynamic environments.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024074589_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MICRO-DOPPLER OBJECT SIGNATURE DETECTION
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including micro-Doppler object signature detection.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support micro-Doppler object signature detection. For example, the described techniques provide for micro-Doppler object signature detection within configured time windows. Micro motions, such as the rotor rotation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , flapping of wings of a bird, swinging of arms of a pedestrian, or spinning of wheels of a bicycle or automobile may be detectable in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Within a set of time windows, a first network node may configure an artificial intelligence (AI) model which a second network node may use to detect object signatures of one or more objects of an object type. For example, for UAVs, an object signature may be the angular offset between propellers of a UAV (e.g., the 3 angular offsets between the 4 propellers of a UAV) . As another example, for a bicycle or automobile, the object signature may be the angular offset between the wheels. The first network node may transmit reference signals within the set of time windows, and the second network node may detect object signatures of objects within the set of time windows based on measurements of the reference signals and the AI model. The second network node may be configured to report the detected object signatures (e.g., per time window or per set of time windows) . The set of time windows may be configured as object signatures may not be static and may change over time due to motion states of objects. AI models may be used to distinguish different objects.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a first network node is described. The method may include obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0006] A first network node for wireless communications is described. The first network node may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to obtain, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, obtain one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and output, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0007] Another first network node for wireless communications is described. The first network node may include means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to obtain, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, obtain one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and output, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0009] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature may be identified based on the AI model.
[0010] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals and outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the AI model.
[0011] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows, obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals, and outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the second AI model.
[0012] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, obtaining the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows may include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0013] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0014] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object and determining, based on the same object signature criteria, that the object signature and the second object signature belong to different objects.
[0015] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0016] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the report indicates that the object may be the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that may be adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0017] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature may be associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0018] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature may be associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that may be prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0019] In some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the object type may be an UAV and the object signature includes a set of angular offsets between a set of multiple propellers of the UAV.
[0020] Some examples of the method, first network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the set of multiple propellers.
[0021] A method for wireless communications by a second network node is described. The method may include outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0022] A second network node for wireless communications is described. The second network node may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to output, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, output one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and obtain, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0023] Another second network node for wireless communications is described. The second network node may include means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to output, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type, output one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows, and obtain, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0025] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature may be based on the AI model.
[0026] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals and obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the AI model.
[0027] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, to the first network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows, outputting, subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals, and obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the second AI model.
[0028] In some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, outputting the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows may include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0029] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0030] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object.
[0031] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, from the first network node, respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0032] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the report indicates that the object may be the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that may be adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0033] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature may be associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0034] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature may be associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature may be associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that may be prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0035] In some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the object type may be an UAV and the object signature includes a set of angular offsets between a set of multiple propellers of the UAV.
[0036] Some examples of the method, second network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the set of multiple propellers.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 2 shows an example of a micro-Doppler processing diagram that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 3 shows an example of a velocity projection diagram that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 4 shows an example of a diagram of a four-propeller unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIGs. 12 and 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] Object sensing, such as position and velocity sensing, may be performed for purposes such as autonomous driving, dynamic mapping, or air traffic control. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection may be performed for purposes such as collision avoidance, flight route tracking, and / or intruder detection purposes. To detect an object, a transmitting device, such as a network entity, may transmit one or more reference signals, which may be reflected by the object and received via a measuring device, such as a user equipment (UE) . Micro motions, such as the rotor rotation of UAVs, flapping of wings of a bird, swinging of arms of a pedestrian, or spinning of wheels of a bicycle or automobile may be detectable in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Such micro-Doppler effects of different objects may be detected in the micro-Doppler spectrum measurement of the received reference signal (s) . The micro-Doppler effect of UAVs may be dependent on the angle offsets of the different propellers, which may depend on the flight state of the UAV (e.g., velocity) . As another example, the micro-Doppler effect of a bicycle or automobile may be dependent on the angle offsets of the different wheels, which may be dependent on the velocity of the bicycle or automobile. Accordingly, the detected micro-Doppler effect of an object may change over time.
[0049] Within a set of time windows, a first network node may configure an artificial intelligence (AI) model which a second network node may use to detect object signatures of an object type in the micro-Doppler spectrum. An object signature may be the random offset (s) between movements of distinct parts of an abject. For example, for UAVs, an object signature may be the angular offset between propellers of a UAV (e.g., the 3 angular offsets between the 4 propellers of a UAV) . As another example, for a bicycle or automobile the object signature may be the angular offset between the wheels. The first network node may transmit reference signals within the set of time windows, and the second network node may detect object signatures of objects within the set of time windows based on measurements of the reference signals and the AI model. The second network node may be configured to report the detected object signatures semi-statically (e.g., for each time window of the set of time windows or for the set of time windows) . The set of time windows may be configured as object signatures may not be static and may change over time due to motion of objects. The AI models may be used to distinguish different objects (e.g., different UAVs or different vehicles) . For example, the first network node may configure similarity thresholds (e.g., Euclidean distances) to identify whether two object signatures below to the same object. In some examples, for a UAV, the object signature along with the maximum Doppler shift of each propeller may be used to determine the flight state (e.g., velocity) of a UAV. In some examples, the object signatures over time (e.g., over adjacent time windows) may be compared to determine the motion state (e.g., velocity) of an object.
[0050] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to micro-Doppler processing diagrams, velocity projection diagrams, motion diagrams of four-propeller UAVs, process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to micro-Doppler object signature detection.
[0051] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0052] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0053] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0054] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0055] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0056] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0057] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0058] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0059] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0060] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB nodes 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170) , in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . IAB donor and IAB nodes 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link.
[0061] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with the IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through one or more other IAB nodes 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or a child node to other IAB nodes 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB nodes 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from a parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DUs 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node 104 to signal to a child IAB node 104 or UE 115.
[0062] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports communications for a child IAB node, or referred to as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130 and may act as parent node to IAB nodes 104. For example, the DU 165 of IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB nodes 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB nodes 104, and the IAB nodes 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through the DUs 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB nodes 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of the IAB node 104. Communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of IAB donor and communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.
[0063] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0064] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0065] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0066] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0067] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0068] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0069] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0070] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0071] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0072] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0073] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0074] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0075] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) , or others) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0076] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0077] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0078] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0079] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0080] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0081] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0082] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0083] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0084] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0085] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0086] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0087] Network nodes, such as UEs 115 and / or network entities 105 may perform object sensing, such as position and velocity sensing. Object sensing may include macro sensing, which may be used for purposes such as meteorological monitoring, autonomous driving, dynamic mapping, low altitude airspace and ground management (e.g., which may involve UAV, vehicle, or pedestrian sensing) . Object sensing may also include micro sensing, which may be used for purposes such as gesture recognition, vital signal detection, or high resolution imaging with terahertz (THz) band signals. Object sensing may also be used to assist in communications, for example, for beam management purposes. In some examples, object sensing capabilities may be integrated with communications capabilities. Integration of sensing and communications capabilities may involve shared radio frequency and / or baseband hardware for both sensing and communication, which may result in cost effectiveness. Integration of sensing and communications capabilities may also provide spectrum effectiveness as the available spectrum may be used for both sensing and communications functions.
[0088] For example, micro motions, such as the rotor rotation of UAVs, flapping of wings of a bird, swinging of arms of a pedestrian, or spinning of wheels of a bicycle or automobile may be detectable in the micro-Doppler spectrum. Such micro-Doppler effects of different objects may be detected in the micro-Doppler spectrum measurement of the received reference signal. The micro-Doppler effect of UAVs may be dependent on the angle offsets of the different propellers, which may depend on the flight state of the UAV (e.g., velocity) . As another example, the micro-Doppler effect of a bicycle or automobile may be dependent on the angle offsets of the different wheels, which may be dependent on the velocity of the bicycle or automobile. Accordingly, the detected micro-Doppler effect of an object may change over time.
[0089] Within a set of time windows, a first network node may configure an AI model which a second network node may use to detect object signatures of an object type (e.g., a UAV, a bird, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or an automobile) . In some examples, the first network node may be a network entity 105 and the second network node (e.g., the measuring network node or the sensing network node) may be a UE 115. In some examples, the second network node may be a network entity 105 and the first network node may be a UE 115 or another network entity 105. The first network node may transmit reference signals within the set of time windows, and the second network node may detect object signatures of objects within the set of time windows based on measurements of the reference signals and the AI model. The second network node may be configured to report the detected object signatures semi-statically (e.g., for each time window of the set of time windows or for the set of time windows) . The set of time windows may be configured as object signatures may not be static and may change over time due to motion state of objects. The AI models may be used to distinguish different objects (e.g., different UAVs or different vehicles) . For example, the first network node may configure similarity thresholds (e.g., Euclidean distances) to identify whether two object signatures below to the same object. In some examples, for detection of a UAV, the object signature along with the maximum Doppler shift of each propeller may be used to determine the flight state (e.g., velocity) of a UAV. In some examples, the object signatures over time (e.g., over adjacent time windows) may be compared to determine the motion state (e.g., velocity) of an object.
[0090] FIG. 2 shows an example of a micro-Doppler processing diagram 200 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The micro-Doppler processing diagram 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, a sensing device such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105 may perform micro-Doppler processing as shown in the micro-Doppler processing diagram 200.
[0091] To detect the Doppler shift caused by a moving object, samples of a time sequence 210 may be taken within multiple sliding or overlapping time windows 215 (e.g., a first time window 215-a, a second time window 215-b, and a third time window 215-c as shown in the micro-Doppler processing diagram 200) . A fast Fourier transform (FFT) may be performed on the samples within each time window 215 to generate FFT sequences 220 for the time windows 215 (e.g., a first FFT sequence 220-a for the first time window 215-a, a second FFT sequence 220-b for the second time window 215-b, and a third FFT sequence 220-c for the third time window 215-c) . Frequency shifts caused by movement of the object may be shown in the FFT sequences 220.
[0092] Some objects, such as UAVs, people, birds, and vehicle. may have micro movements in addition to macro movement (e.g., moving parts relative to the movement of the entire object) . Examples of micro movements may include the rotation of a UAV’s rotors, the flapping of a bird’s wings, the swaying of a pedestrian’s arms, or the rotation of a vehicle’s wheels. Such micro movements may be detected as micro-Doppler features. Doppler shift may show the velocity of an object’s body (e.g., caused by the macro movement of the object) , but may not show the micro movements. Characteristic micro movements of an object may be used to identify an object in the micro-Doppler spectrum.
[0093] FIG. 3 shows an example of a velocity projection diagram 300 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The velocity projection diagram 300 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100.
[0094] The velocity projection diagram 300 may include a network node 305, which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The velocity projection diagram 300 may include a UAV 315.
[0095] In some examples, a rotor (e.g., a propeller) of the UAV 315 may have two blades 320, a first blade 320-a and a second blade 320-b. The micro-Doppler shift of each blade 320, for example the second blade 320-b, is caused by the radial velocity Vr, where Vr is a projection of the actual velocity Vt of the second blade 320-b (e.g., As the second blade 320-b moves in a circular motion, the rotation of the second blade 320-b may project a pattern of sine or cosine wave with a phase shift on a reference signal that reflects off the second blade 320-b in the micro-Doppler spectrum. The phase shift of sine / cosine wave of the second blade 320-b in the micro-Doppler spectrum may be determined by the initial angle of the second blade 320-b by the network node 305 which receives the reference signal. Accordingly, each rotor of a UAV 315 may be detected in the micro-Doppler domain by a network node 305 which receives a reference signal that reflects off the UAV 315.
[0096] Accordingly, a UAV 315 with 4 propellors having the uniform blade angle differences may be identified in the micro-Doppler spectrum by a network node 305 which receives a reference signal that reflects off the UAV 315 based on uniform phase differences of sine / cosine waves corresponding to different blades in the received reference signal. Thus, the micro-Doppler object signatures for different UAVs 315 may refer to the phase differences between micro-Doppler patterns of propellors for different UAVs 315 which are caused by the blade angle differences between the propellors.
[0097] FIG. 4 shows an example of a diagram 400 of a four-propeller UAV 315-athat supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The diagram 400 of the four-propeller UAV 315-amay implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the velocity projection diagram 300. For example, the UAV 315-a may be an example of a UAV 315 as described herein.
[0098] The UAV 315-a may include four propellers 410 (e.g., a first propeller 410-a, a second propeller 410-b, a third propeller 410-c, and a fourth propeller 410-d) . The four propellers 410 may move independently (e.g., have different rotational directions and / or speeds) . For example, the first propeller 410-a may move clockwise at a first speed 415-a, the second propeller 410-b may move counter-clockwise at a second speed 415-b, the third propeller 410-c may move clockwise at a third speed 415-c, and the fourth propeller 410-d may move counter-clockwise at a fourth speed 415-d. The micro-Doppler pattern of an individual UAV such as the UAV 315-a may not be static and may depend on the motion state (e.g., flight state) of the UAV 315-a. For example, to move in the direction 420, the third speed 415-c and the fourth speed 415-d may be greater than the first speed 415-a and the second speed 415-b. Accordingly, micro-Doppler patterns of the propellers 410 of a UAV may be used to determine the motion state (e.g., flight state) of UAVs. Further, as the speed of the propellers may change, the object signature of a UAV (e.g., the phase offsets between the propellers) may change over time, and accordingly an object signature may be valid for a time window or a set of time windows (e.g., in terms of seconds, frames, slots, or symbols) .
[0099] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system 500 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 500 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the micro-Doppler processing diagram 200, the velocity projection diagram 300, or the diagram 400 of the four-propeller UAV. For example, the wireless communications system 500 may include a UAV 315-b and a UAV 315-c, which may be examples of a UAV 315 as described herein. The wireless communications system 500 may include a first network node 305-a and a second network node 305-b, which may be examples of a network node 305 as described herein.
[0100] The first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b may communicate using a communication link 505. In some examples, the communication link 505 may be an example of an NR or LTE link between first network node 305-aand the second network node 305-b. For example, the first network node 305-a may be a network entity 105 as described herein and the second network node 305-b may be a UE 115 as described herein, or the first network node 305-a may be a UE 115 as described herein and the second network node 305-b may be a network entity 105 as described herein, and the communication link 505 may be a communication link 125 as described herein. For example, the communication link 505 may include a bi-directional link that enables both uplink and downlink communications. For example, the first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b may exchange uplink signals, such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, and downlink signals, such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, using the communication link 505. As another example, the first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b may both be network entities 105 as described herein, and the communication link 505 may be a backhaul communication link 120 as described herein. As another example, the first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b may both be UEs 115 as described herein, and the communication link 505 may be a D2D communication link 135 as described herein.
[0101] In some examples, the wireless communications system 500 may include a sensing server 550. For example, the sensing server 550 may be part of the core network 130 as described herein. The first network node 305-a may communicate with the sensing server 550 via a communication link 555, which may be an example of a backhaul communication link 120 if the first network node 305-a is a network entity 105 as described herein or a communication link 155 if the first network node 305-a is a UE 115 as described herein. The second network node 305-b may communicate with the sensing server 550 via a communication link 560, which may be an example of a backhaul communication link 120 if the first network node 305-a is a network entity 105 as described herein or a communication link 155 if the first network node 305-a is a UE 115 as described herein.
[0102] The first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b may perform object sensing, for example, to determine the position and / or velocity of objects such as the UAV 315-b or the UAV 315-c. For example, the first network node 305-amay transmit, within one or more valid time windows, a first set of reference signals 515-a which may be reflected by the UAV 315-b as a reflected set of reference signals 520-a. The second network node 305-b may receive the reflected set of reference signals 520-a and may identify a micro-Doppler object signature of the UAV 315-b. The first network node 305-a may transmit control signaling 510 to the second network node 305-b that indicates the one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type (e.g., the object type may be a UAV) . The second network node 305-b may transmit a report 525 to the first network node 305-a indicating the object signature of the UAV 315-b based on the reflected set of reference signals 520-a. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may transmit the report 525 to the sensing server 550. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may use an AI model to identify the object signature. As described herein, the second network node 305-b may use criterion to judge whether two objects are the same (e.g., whether the UAV 315-b and the UAV 315-c are separate UAVs) . As described herein, the second network node 305-b or the first network node 305-a may measure or determine motion states (e.g., UAV fly states and transitions) based on semi-static object signatures.
[0103] For a UAV 315, the object signature may be the inter-propeller offset measured in the micro-Doppler spectrum. For example, for a four-propeller UAV 315, the object signature may be the three angular offsets between the propellers (e.g., (0, 5, 61) , (46, 51, 127) , (45, 107, 165) , etc. ) . The second network node 305-b may use an AI model (e.g., a trained neural network (NN) ) to measure the object signature in the micro-Doppler spectrum. For example, for UAVs 315, an NN may be trained to recognize propeller angle offsets.
[0104] The control signaling 510 may indicate a valid time window for an object signature type in terms of a period length and a start time (e.g., an offset in the time domain with respect to the control signaling 510) . In some examples, the control signaling 510 may indicate multiple valid time windows (e.g., using multiple start offsets with a single or with multiple period lengths) . The period length may be in units of seconds or frames. In some examples, the first network node 305-a may transmit an invalidation message 530 to indicate the end of a valid time window (e.g., to indicate an object signature has become invalid) . In some examples, the sensing server 550 may configure the valid time windows and may transmit a control message 540-a that indicates the valid time window (s) to the first network node 305-a via the communication link 555, and the sensing server 550 may transmit a control message 540-b that indicates the valid time window (s) to the second network node 305-b via the communication link 560. The sensing server 550 may transmit the control message 540-a such that the first network node 305-a may configure the first set of reference signals 515-a for micro-Doppler sensing during the valid time windows.
[0105] The first network node 305-a may indicate (e.g., in the control signaling 510) an AI model to use to measure the object signature in the indicated valid time window (s) . In some examples, the sensing server 550 may indicate (e.g., in the control message 540-b) the AI model to use to measure the object signature in the indicated valid time window (s) . After an object signature becomes invalid (e.g., at the end of a set of valid time windows) , the second network node 305-b may update the object signature measurements. In some examples, if the second network node 305-b does not receive an indication of an updated AI model from the first network node 305-a or the sensing server 550 at or after the termination of the valid time window (s) , the second network node 305-b may use the same AI model for a subsequent set of time windows. If the second network node 305-b receives an indication of an updated AI model from the first network node 305-a or the sensing server 550 for a subsequent set of valid time windows, the second network node 305-b may use the updated AI model for the subsequent set of time window.
[0106] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may report the detected object signature (s) semi-statically for each time window. For example, the second network node 305-b may transmit a report 525 for each configured valid time window. As another example, at the end of a set of valid time windows, the second network node 305-b may transmit a report 525 including respective object signature measurement (s) for each valid time window. For example, the measurements in the report 525 may be segmented based on the valid time window index with measured object signatures corresponding to each valid time window index. The second network node 305-b may measure multiple object signatures (e.g., one for the UAV 315-b and one for the UAV 315-c) in one valid time window. For example, the report 525 may include: [signature 1, valid time window 1] , [signature 2, valid time window 1] , [signature 3, valid time window 2] . In some examples, the second network node 305-b may perform processing and analysis based on a defined object signature inside each valid time window (e.g., the second network node 305-b may not use two object signatures in two valid time windows to count a detected quantity of objects) .
[0107] In some examples, the first network node 305-a may transmit second control signaling 535 that indicates a second set of valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for the object type. For example, the first network node 305-a may transmit, within the second set of one or more valid time windows, a second set of reference signals 515-b which may be reflected by the UAV 315-b as a reflected set of reference signals 520-b. The second network node 305-b may transmit a report 545 to the first network node 305-a indicating the object signature of the UAV 315-b based on the reflected set of reference signals 520-b. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may transmit the report 545 to the sensing server 550. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may use an AI model to identify the object signature. In some examples, the second control signaling 535 may indicate an update to the AI model or an updated AI model as compared to the AI model used for the first set of valid time windows indicated by the control signaling 510.
[0108] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may be configured with (e.g., in the control signaling 510 or the control message 540-b) a criterion to determine whether two object signatures belong to the same object (e.g., the same UAV 315) within a same valid time window. For example, due to multipath propagation, the second network node 305-b may receive a reflected reference signal 520-a that reflected off the same object via multiple paths. In some examples, the criterion may be a Euclidean distance between two object signatures being less that a threshold. In some examples, two Euclidean distance thresholds may be configured, and the second network node 305-b may determine that two object signatures belong to the same object when the Euclidean distance between the two object signatures is below the first threshold and the second network node 305-b may determine that two object signatures belong to the different objects when the Euclidean distance between the two object signatures is greater than the second threshold, where the second threshold is higher than the first threshold.
[0109] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may be configured with (e.g., in the control signaling 510 or the control message 540-b) a criterion to determine whether two object signatures belong to the same object (e.g., the same UAV 315) across two adjacent valid time windows. For example, the criterion may be differences of positions, angles, distances, velocities, or Doppler shifts corresponding to two object signatures in two valid time windows being less than a configured threshold. In some examples, two thresholds may be configured, and the second network node 305-b may determine that the object signatures belong to the same object if the differences in positions, angles, distances, velocities, or Doppler shifts in the two adjacent valid time windows are less than the first threshold, and the second network node 305-b may determine that the object signatures belong to the different objects if the differences in positions, angles, distances, velocities, or Doppler shifts in the two adjacent valid time windows are greater than the second threshold. As another example, the criterion may be differences of derivatives of object signatures in two adjacent valid time windows being less than a threshold. In some examples, two thresholds may be configured, and the second network node 305-b may determine that the object signatures belong to the same object if the differences of derivatives of the object signatures in the two adjacent valid time windows are less than the first threshold, and the second network node 305-b may determine that the object signatures belong to different objects if the differences of derivatives of the object signatures in the two adjacent valid time windows are greater than the second threshold.
[0110] In some examples, the micro-Doppler object signature measurements may be used to determine the motion status of an object in a single valid time window. For example, for a UAV 315, the micro-Doppler object signature measurements may be used to determine the flight status (e.g., hovering, moving forward / backward / up / down, turning left / right, accelerating / decelerating) based on the maximum micro-Doppler shift of each propeller (e.g., as described with reference to FIG. 4) .
[0111] In some examples, the micro-Doppler object signature measurements may be used to determine the motion status of an object across multiple valid time windows. For example, for a UAV 315, the flight status may be estimated with a series of semi-static UAV object signatures in multiple time windows. For example, the micro-Doppler object signature measurements may be used to determine whether there is a transition in flight status for a UAV based on differences, derivatives, or differences of derivatives of UAV signatures in two or more adjacent valid time windows.
[0112] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may report (e.g., in the report 525) the motion status (e.g., flight status and or transition for a UAV 315) based on locally analyzing the object signatures. For example, the second network node 305-b may be configured with (e.g., via the control signaling 510 or the control message 540-b) a mapping or rule for determining the motion status. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may report (e.g., in the report 525) the differences, derivatives, or differences of derivatives of object signatures in two or more adjacent valid time windows and first network node 305-a or the sensing server 550 may determine the motion status based on the reported differences, derivatives, or differences of derivatives. In some examples, the second network node 305-b may report (e.g., in the report 525) the measured object signatures in two or more adjacent valid time windows and first network node 305-a or the sensing server 550 may determine the motion status based on the reported measured object signatures.
[0113] In some examples, if the first network node 305-a is a network entity 105 and the second network node 305-b is a UE 115, the control signaling 510 may be transmitted via layer 1 downlink control information (DCI) , via a layer 2 MAC control element (MAC-CE) , or via layer 3 RRC. In such examples, the report 525 may be transmitted via layer 1 uplink control information (UCI) , via a layer 2 MAC-CE, or via layer 3 RRC.
[0114] In some examples, if either the first network node 305-a or the second network node 305-b are core network functions, the control signaling 510 and the report may be transmitted via NAS or next generation application protocol (NGAP) signaling.
[0115] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may be a UE 115 and the sensing server 550 may be a location and / or sensing server such as a location management function (LMF) or a session management function (SnMF) . In such examples, the control message 540-b may be transmitted via layer 3 (e.g., RRC information elements (IEs) carried in the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) directly between second network node 305-b and the LMF (positioning server) or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the second network node 305-b and the SnMF (sensing server) . In such examples, the report 525 may be transmitted via layer 3 (e.g., RRC IEs) carried in the LPP directly between second network node 305-b and the LMF (positioning server) or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the second network node 305-b and the SnMF.
[0116] In some examples, the second network node 305-b may be a network entity 105 and the control message 540-b may be indicated via the NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) directly between the second network node 305-b and the LMF or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the network entity 105 and the SnMF. In such examples, the report 525 may be transmitted via the NRPPa directly between the second network node 305-b and the LMF or in a dedicated sensing protocol directly between the network entity 105 and the SnMF.
[0117] If the first network node 305-a and the second network node 305-b are both UEs 115, the control signaling 510 may be indicated via the sidelink PC5 interface, for example via sidelink layer 1 (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) or sidelink data such as physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) ) , a sidelink layer 2 MAC-CE, or sidelink layer 3 RRC. In such examples, the report 525 may be transmitted via the sidelink PC5 interface, for example via sidelink layer 1 (e.g., SCI in a PSCCH or sidelink data such as PSSCH) , a sidelink layer 2 MAC-CE, or sidelink layer 3 RRC.
[0118] If the first network node 305-a is a UE 115 and the second network node 305-b is a network entity 105, the control signaling 510 may be indicated via layer 1 UCI, a layer 2 MAC-CE, or layer 3 RRC. In such examples, the report 525 may be transmitted via layer 1 DCI or downlink data (e.g., physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ) , a layer 2 MAC-CE, or layer 3 RRC.
[0119] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may include a first network node 305-c and a second network node 305-d, which may be examples of a network node 305 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the first network node 305-c and the second network node 305-d may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the first network node 305-c and the second network node 305-d may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.
[0120] At 610, the first network node 305-c may receive, from the second network node 305-d, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type.
[0121] At 615, the first network node 305-c may receive, from the second network node 305-d, one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The reference signals may reflect off of the object 605.
[0122] At 620, the first network node 305-c may transmit, to the second network node 305-d, a report indicating an object signature of the object 605 of the object type, where the object signature is identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0123] In some examples, the first network node 305-c may receive, via the control signaling at 610, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature is identified based on the AI model. In some examples, the first network node 305-c may receive, from the second network node 305-d and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals. In such examples, the first network node 305-c may transmit, to the second network node 305-d, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object 605 identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the AI model. In some examples, the first network node 305-c may receive, from the second network node 305-d and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows. In such examples, the first network node 305-c may receive, from the second network node 305-d and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals, and the first network node 305-c may transmit, to the second network node 305-d, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object 605 identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the second AI model.
[0124] In some examples, the control signaling at 610 includes an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0125] In some examples, the report at 620 may include an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the same object type as the object 605, where the second object signature is identified based on the one or more reference signals. In some examples, the control signaling at 610 may include an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object, and the first network node 305-c may determine, based on the same object signature criteria, that the object signature and the second object signature belong to different objects.
[0126] In some examples, the first network node 305-c may transmit, to the second network node 305-d, respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, and the report transmitted at 620 may be one of the respective reports.
[0127] In some examples, the control signaling at 610 may include an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows. The object signature may be is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and the report may indicate that the object 605 is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object 605 associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0128] In some examples, the report may include an indication of a motion status of the object 605 based on the object signature and a second object signature of the object 605, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0129] In some examples, the report may include an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object 605, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window. In such examples, the second network node 305-d or the first network node 305-c may determine the motion status of the object 605 based on the difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object 605.
[0130] In some examples, the object 605 is a UAV 315 as described herein and the object signature includes a set of angular offsets between propellers of the UAV 315. In some examples, the report may include a motion status of the object based on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the propellers.
[0131] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0132] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to micro-Doppler object signature detection) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0133] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to micro-Doppler object signature detection) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0134] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0135] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0136] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0137] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0138] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0139] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0140] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0141] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, and the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0142] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to micro-Doppler object signature detection) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0143] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to micro-Doppler object signature detection) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0144] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a valid time window manager 825, a reference signal reception manager 830, an object signature report transmission manager 835, a reference signal transmission manager 840, an object signature report reception manager 845, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0145] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The valid time window manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The reference signal reception manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The object signature report transmission manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0146] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The valid time window manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The reference signal transmission manager 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The object signature report reception manager 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0147] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a valid time window manager 925, a reference signal reception manager 930, an object signature report transmission manager 935, a reference signal transmission manager 940, an object signature report reception manager 945, an AI model manager 950, a same object signature criteria manager 955, an object motion status manager 960, an object signature difference manager 965, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0148] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The object signature report transmission manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0149] In some examples, the AI model manager 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature is identified based on the AI model.
[0150] In some examples, the reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals. In some examples, the object signature report transmission manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the AI model.
[0151] In some examples, the valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows. In some examples, the reference signal reception manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals. In some examples, the object signature report transmission manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the second AI model.
[0152] In some examples, to support obtaining the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows, the valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0153] In some examples, the object signature report transmission manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0154] In some examples, the same object signature criteria manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object. In some examples, the same object signature criteria manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, based on the same object signature criteria, that the object signature and the second object signature belong to different objects.
[0155] In some examples, the object signature report transmission manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0156] In some examples, the same object signature criteria manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0157] In some examples, the object motion status manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0158] In some examples, the object signature difference manager 965 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0159] In some examples, the object type is a UAV. In some examples, the object signature includes a set of angular offsets between a set of multiple propellers of the UAV.
[0160] In some examples, the object motion status manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the set of multiple propellers.
[0161] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The reference signal transmission manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The object signature report reception manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0162] In some examples, the AI model manager 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature is based on the AI model.
[0163] In some examples, the reference signal transmission manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals. In some examples, the object signature report reception manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the AI model.
[0164] In some examples, the valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the first network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows. In some examples, the reference signal transmission manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals. In some examples, the object signature report reception manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based on the one or more second reference signals and based on the second AI model.
[0165] In some examples, to support outputting the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows, the valid time window manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0166] In some examples, the object signature report reception manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0167] In some examples, the same object signature criteria manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object.
[0168] In some examples, the object signature report reception manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0169] In some examples, the same object signature criteria manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0170] In some examples, the object motion status manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0171] In some examples, the object signature difference manager 965 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, where the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and where the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0172] In some examples, the object type is a UAV. In some examples, the object signature includes a set of angular offsets between a set of multiple propellers of the UAV.
[0173] In some examples, the object motion status manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the set of multiple propellers.
[0174] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0175] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0176] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0177] The at least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0178] The at least one processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting micro-Doppler object signature detection) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1030) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1030 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0179] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0180] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0181] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0182] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0183] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1105 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1120, a transceiver 1110, an antenna 1115, at least one memory 1125, code 1130, and at least one processor 1135. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1140) .
[0184] The transceiver 1110 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi- directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1105 may include one or more antennas 1115, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1110 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1115, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1115, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1135, the at least one memory 1125, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1105. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0185] The at least one memory 1125 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1125 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1130 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1135, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1130 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1130 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1135 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1125 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1135 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1125 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0186] The at least one processor 1135 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1135 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1135. The at least one processor 1135 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1125) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting micro-Doppler object signature detection) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1135 and at least one memory 1125 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1135, the at least one processor 1135 and the at least one memory 1125 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1135 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1130) to perform the functions of the device 1105. The at least one processor 1135 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1105 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1125) . In some examples, the at least one processor 1135 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1125 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1135 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1135) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1125) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1135 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1135 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1125 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0187] In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1105, or between different components of the device 1105 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1105 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1120, the transceiver 1110, the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, and the at least one processor 1135 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0188] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1120 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0189] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0190] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals.
[0191] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0192] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1110, the one or more antennas 1115 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1110, one or more of the at least one processor 1135, one or more of the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1135, the at least one memory 1125, the code 1130, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1130 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1135 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of micro-Doppler object signature detection as described herein, or the at least one processor 1135 and the at least one memory 1125 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0193] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0194] At 1205, the method may include obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The operations of block 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a valid time window manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0195] At 1210, the method may include obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The operations of block 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a reference signal reception manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0196] At 1215, the method may include outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals. The operations of block 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by an object signature report transmission manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0197] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports micro-Doppler object signature detection in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a network entity or a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a network entity or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a network entity or a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity or the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity or the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0198] At 1305, the method may include outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type. The operations of block 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a valid time window manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0199] At 1310, the method may include outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows. The operations of block 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a reference signal transmission manager 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0200] At 1315, the method may include obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based on the one or more reference signals. The operations of block 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by an object signature report reception manager 945 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0201] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0202] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a first network node, comprising: obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type; obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; and outputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.
[0203] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is identified based at least in part on the AI model.
[0204] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, further comprising: obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; and outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the AI model.
[0205] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 2, further comprising: obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows; obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; and outputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the second AI model.
[0206] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein obtaining the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows comprises: obtaining an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0207] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: outputting, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.
[0208] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, further comprising: obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object; and determining, based at least in part on the same object signature criteria, that the object signature and the second object signature belong to different objects.
[0209] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: outputting respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0210] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based at least in part on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0211] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0212] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: outputting, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0213] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the object type is an UAV, and the object signature comprises a set of angular offsets between a plurality of propellers of the UAV.
[0214] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, further comprising: outputting, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the plurality of propellers.
[0215] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communications at a second network node, comprising: outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type; outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; and obtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.
[0216] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, further comprising: outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of an AI model associated with the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is based at least in part on the AI model.
[0217] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: outputting, subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; and obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the AI model.
[0218] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: outputting, to the first network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second AI model associated with the one or more second valid time windows; outputting, subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; and obtaining, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the second AI model.
[0219] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 14 through 17, wherein outputting the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows comprises: outputting an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.
[0220] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 14 through 18, further comprising: obtaining, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.
[0221] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, further comprising: outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object.
[0222] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 14 through 20, further comprising: obtaining, from the first network node, respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.
[0223] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 14 through 21, further comprising: outputting, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based at least in part on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.
[0224] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 14 through 22, further comprising: obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.
[0225] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 14 through 23, further comprising: obtaining, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.
[0226] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 14 through 24, wherein the object type is an UAV, and the object signature comprises a set of angular offsets between a plurality of propellers of the UAV.
[0227] Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, further comprising: obtaining, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the plurality of propellers.
[0228] Aspect 27: A first network node for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0229] Aspect 28: A first network node for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0230] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0231] Aspect 30: A second network node for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 26.
[0232] Aspect 31: A second network node for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 14 through 26.
[0233] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 26.
[0234] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0235] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0236] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0237] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0238] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0239] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0240] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0241] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0242] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0243] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0244] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0245] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type;obtain one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; andoutput, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, via the control signaling, an indication of an artificial intelligence model associated with the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is identified based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.3.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; andoutput, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.4.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second artificial intelligence model associated with the one or more second valid time windows;obtain, from the second network node and subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; andoutput, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the second artificial intelligence model.5.The first network node of claim 1, wherein, to obtain the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.6.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:output, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.7.The first network node of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object; anddetermine, based at least in part on the same object signature criteria, that the object signature and the second object signature belong to different objects.8.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:output respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.9.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:obtain, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based at least in part on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.10.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:output, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.11.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:output, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.12.The first network node of claim 1, wherein:the object type is an unmanned aerial vehicle, andthe object signature comprises a set of angular offsets between a plurality of propellers of the unmanned aerial vehicle.13.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network node to:output, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the plurality of propellers.14.A second network node, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type;output one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; andobtain, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.15.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, via the control signaling, an indication of an artificial intelligence model associated with the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.16.The second network node of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; andobtain, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.17.The second network node of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, to the first network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, second control signaling that indicates one or more second valid time windows associated with the micro-Doppler object signature measurement and a second artificial intelligence model associated with the one or more second valid time windows;output, subsequent to the termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; andobtain, from the first network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the second artificial intelligence model.18.The second network node of claim 14, wherein, to output the control signaling indicating the one or more valid time windows, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output an indication of a starting time and a duration of the one or more valid time windows.19.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:obtain, via the report, an indication of a second object signature of a second object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.20.The second network node of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, via the control signaling, an indication of same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object.21.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:obtain, from the first network node, respective reports indicating one or more identified object signatures for each time window of the one or more valid time windows, the report being one of the respective reports.22.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:output, via the control signaling, an indication of a same object signature criteria to determine whether two object signatures belong to a same object across adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the report indicates that the object is the same object in two adjacent valid time windows of the one or more valid time windows based at least in part on the object signature satisfying the same object signature criteria with respect to a prior object signature of the object associated with a second valid time window that is adjacent and prior to the first valid time window.23.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:obtain, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows prior to the first valid time window.24.The second network node of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:obtain, via the report, an indication of a difference between the object signature and a second object signature of the object, wherein the object signature is associated with a first valid time window of the one or more valid time windows, and wherein the second object signature is associated with a second valid time window of the one or more valid time windows that is prior to and adjacent to the first valid time window.25.The second network node of claim 14, wherein:the object type is an unmanned aerial vehicle, andthe object signature comprises a set of angular offsets between a plurality of propellers of the unmanned aerial vehicle.26.The second network node of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the second network node to:obtain, via the report, an indication of a motion status of the object based at least in part on the object signature and an identified micro-Doppler shift of each of the plurality of propellers.27.A method for wireless communications at a first network node, comprising:obtaining, from a second network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type;obtaining one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; andoutputting, to the second network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.28.The method of claim 27, further comprising:obtaining, via the control signaling, an indication of an artificial intelligence model associated with the one or more valid time windows, wherein the object signature is identified based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:obtaining, from the second network node and subsequent to a termination of the one or more valid time windows, one or more second reference signals; andoutputting, to the second network node, a second report indicating a second object signature of the object identified based at least in part on the one or more second reference signals and based at least in part on the artificial intelligence model.30.A method for wireless communications at a second network node, comprising:outputting, to a first network node, control signaling that indicates one or more valid time windows associated with micro-Doppler object signature measurement for an object type;outputting one or more reference signals during the one or more valid time windows; andobtaining, from the first network node, a report indicating an object signature of an object of the object type identified based at least in part on the one or more reference signals.
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