Aperiodic channel state information for multiple measurement cycles
By configuring a UE with an aperiodic CSI trigger state over multiple measurement cycles and a gap period, the solution addresses the challenge of incomplete CSI reporting, resulting in improved wireless communication performance through accurate and efficient CSI reporting.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074883
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in providing accurate and reliable aperiodic channel state information (CSI) due to insufficient time for a user equipment (UE) to process time series measurements, leading to incomplete or inaccurate CSI reports.
The proposed solution involves configuring a UE with an aperiodic CSI trigger state associated with multiple measurement cycles, allowing sufficient time for measurements by introducing a gap period before requesting CSI, ensuring complete and reliable data collection for accurate CSI reporting.
This approach enables reliable and accurate CSI reporting, improving wireless communication performance by enabling efficient beam management, reducing latency, and enhancing data rates.
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Figure CN2024074883_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APERIODIC CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION FOR MULTIPLE MEASUREMENT CYCLES
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for communicating aperiodic channel state information.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0006] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0007] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes obtaining a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state; obtaining one or more measurements of one or more instances of at least one reference signal during one or more reference signal measurement cycles; obtaining, at least after a gap period, a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to the one or more reference signal measurement cycles; and sending the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state being based at least in part on the one or more measurements.
[0008] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes sending a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state; sending, at least after a gap period, a request for CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to one or more reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and obtaining the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0009] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0010] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0014] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0015] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management.
[0017] FIG. 6 depicts example beam management procedures.
[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates example beam prediction by a UE.
[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates an example architecture for communicating aperiodic channel state information (CSI) based on multiple measurement cycles.
[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates an example timing architecture for applying a gap period before requesting aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles.
[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates an example scheme for requesting aperiodic CSI during a measurement period.
[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scheme for determining a gap period when multiple activation indications are obtained for the same trigger state.
[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scheme of communicating a trigger state activation indication regardless of the number of trigger states in a trigger state list.
[0024] FIG. 13 depicts a process flow for communicating aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles.
[0025] FIG. 14 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0026] FIG. 15 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0027] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0028] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for communicating aperiodic channel state information (CSI) for multiple measurement cycles. In particular, instances of one or more reference signals may be measured over multiple measurement cycles to determine the aperiodic CSI for the multiple measurement cycles. The measurements made over the multiple measurement cycles may be referred to as a time series of measurements or time series measurements as they are a series of measurements over time.
[0030] In certain wireless communication systems, closed-loop feedback associated with a communication channel may be used to dynamically adapt communication link parameters (e.g., modulation and coding scheme, beamforming, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) layers, etc. ) according to time varying channel conditions. For example, channel conditions may change over time due to user equipment (UE) mobility, weather conditions, scattering, fading, interference, noise, etc. A UE may report CSI to a network entity (e.g., a base station) , which may adjust certain communication parameters in response to the CSI from the UE. Link adaptation (such as adaptive modulation and coding) with various modulation schemes and channel coding rates may be applied to certain communication channels. Note that CSI may also be referred to as channel state feedback (CSF) .
[0031] As an example, a UE may measure a reference signal and estimate the channel state based on measurement (s) of that reference signal. The UE may report an estimated channel state to the network entity in the form of CSI. In certain aspects, the CSI may indicate channel properties of a communication link between the network entity and the UE.For example, the CSI may indicate the effect of, for example, scattering, fading, and pathloss of a signal propagating across the communication link. As an example, a CSI report may include a channel quality indicator (CQI) , PMI, a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , etc. Additional or other information may be included in a CSI report.
[0032] In certain cases, a UE may be configured to report the CSI on a periodic basis. For example, the UE may send, to a network entity, a CSI report with a periodicity. Each CSI report may indicate channel properties based on measurements of periodic reference signals and / or interference measurements. In some cases, a UE may be configured to report the CSI on an aperiodic basis, for example, in response to certain events and / or trigger states. For example, a network entity may send, to the UE, a request for certain CSI via downlink control information (DCI) , which may identify an aperiodic CSI trigger state that maps to a particular CSI report configuration.
[0033] Technical problems for communicating aperiodic CSI include, for example, providing an effective gap period for a UE to process time series measurements for a CSI report. In some cases, a CSI report may be based on a plurality of measurement cycles (or measurement occasions) of a reference signal and / or interference measurement resources. As an example, for certain artificial intelligence (AI) -based beam predictions (e.g., temporal beam predictions) , the input data to an AI model (e.g., a machine learning (ML) model) may rely on a time series of historical measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements of synchronization signal blocks (SSB) across multiple SSB cycles) . Thus, the UE may use a certain amount of time to collect the measurements during the measurement cycles and process the measurements for the CSI report. However, a network entity may send, to the UE, a request for an aperiodic CSI report before all of the measurements in the time series have been obtained and / or occurred. In such cases, the UE may be unable to provide the requested CSI report due to there not being enough measurements to satisfy the CSI report configuration, or the CSI report may have inaccurate or unreliable information due to the input data being incomplete.
[0034] Aspects described herein overcome the aforementioned technical problem (s) by providing schemes for triggering aperiodic CSI that relies on multiple measurement cycles or measurement occasions. In certain aspects, a UE may inform a network entity of measurement cycles or a duration used for determination of certain aperiodic CSI, such as a temporal ML-based beam prediction. The network entity may configure the UE with an aperiodic CSI trigger state associated with a CSI report based on multiple measurement cycles. After activation or selection of the aperiodic CSI trigger state, the network entity sends, to the UE, a request for CSI associated with the aperiodic CSI trigger state with sufficient time for the UE to obtain measurements for the CSI report during the measurement cycles. As an example, the network entity may send, to the UE, the request for CSI at least after a gap period corresponding to the measurement cycles, as further described herein with respect to FIG. 10. In certain aspects, the gap period may start when the aperiodic CSI trigger state is activated or selected for use, and in some cases, the gap period may run until all of the measurement cycles have occurred.
[0035] The techniques for communicating aperiodic CSI for time series measurements described herein may provide various beneficial effects and / or advantages. The techniques for triggering aperiodic time series-based CSI described herein may enable reliable and / or accurate CSI, which can translate into improved wireless communication performance, including efficient beam management or radio link failure, efficient channel usage, increased data rate, and / or reduced latencies. As an example, the improved wireless communication performance may be attributable to the aperiodic CSI being able to provide a reliable and / or accurate prediction of channel properties and / or characteristics, which may be used to detect beam failure, radio link failure, and / or a handover scenario.
[0036] The term “beam” may be used in the present disclosure in various contexts. Beam may be used to mean a set of gains and / or phases (e.g., precoding weights or co-phasing weights) applied to antenna elements in (or associated with) a wireless communication device for transmission or reception. The term “beam” may also refer to an antenna or radiation pattern of a signal transmitted while applying the gains and / or phases to the antenna elements. Other references to beam may include one or more properties or parameters associated with the antenna (or radiation) pattern, such as an angle of arrival (AoA) , an angle of departure (AoD) , a gain, a phase, a directivity, a beam width, a beam direction (with respect to a plane of reference) in terms of azimuth and / or elevation, a peak-to-side-lobe ratio, and / or an antenna (or precoding) port associated with the antenna (radiation) pattern. The term “beam” may also refer to an associated number and / or configuration of antenna elements (e.g., a uniform linear array, a uniform rectangular array, or other uniform array) . A “set” as discussed herein may include one or more elements.
[0037] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0038] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0039] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0040] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) , such as satellite 140 and / or aerial or spacebome platform (s) , which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.
[0041] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0042] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, data centers, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0043] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0044] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0045] Generally, a cell may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communication network. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0046] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0047] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0048] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz 7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz -71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24,250 MHz -52,600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52,600 MHz-71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0049] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0050] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182”. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182” . BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182'. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0051] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0052] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0053] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0054] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0055] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0056] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0057] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0058] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0059] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0060] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0061] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0062] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit -User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit -Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0063] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0064] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0065] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning ofnon-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O 1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0066] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0067] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0068] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0069] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 318, 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Note that the BS 102 may have a disaggregated architecture as described herein with respect to FIG. 2.
[0070] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, 370, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0071] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0072] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0073] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0074] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0075] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0076] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0077] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0078] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0079] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0080] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0081] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0082] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0083] In various aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI-based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., non-line of sight positioning prediction) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0084] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0085] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0086] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0087] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0088] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0089] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology, which may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration as further described herein. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, the extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, e.g., numerology 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ × 15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As an example, the numerology μ = 0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ = 6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0090] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0091] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE.The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0092] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0093] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0094] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0095] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) , and in some cases, referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0096] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0097] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0098] Aspects Related to Beam Management
[0099] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations 500 for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management. As shown, at block 502, a UE may initially be in an RRC idle state (or an RRC inactivate state) . An RRC idle state refers to a state of a UE where the UE is switched on but does not have any established RRC connection (e.g., an assigned communication link) to the RAN. The RRC idle state allows the UE to reduce battery power consumption, for example, relative to an RRC connected state. For example, in the RRC idle state, the UE may periodically monitor for paging from the RAN. The UE may be in an RRC idle state when the UE does not have data to be transmitted or received. In an RRC connected state, the UE is connected to the RAN and radio resources are allocated to the UE. In some cases, the UE is actively communicating with the RAN when in the RRC connected state.
[0100] In order to perform data transfer and / or make / receive calls, the UE establishes a connection with the RAN using an initial access procedure, at block 504. For example, the UE establishes a connection to a particular serving cell of the RAN. The initial access procedure is a sequence of processes performed between the UE and the RAN to establish the RRC connection. For example, the UE may initiate a random access procedure that includes an RRC setup request or an RRC connection request. The UE may be in an RRC connected state subsequent to establishing the connection.
[0101] In some cases, the UE may perform beam management operations at block 506 in response to entering the RRC connected state. Beam management operations includes a set of operations used to determine certain receive beam (s) and / or transmit beams that can be used wireless communications (e.g., transmission and / or reception at the UE) . The beam management may include certain P1, P2, and / or P3 beam management procedures further described herein.
[0102] Beam management procedures may further include beam failure detection operations at block 508 and beam failure recovery operations at block 510. For example, a UE may detect a beam failure when a layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) for a connected beam falls below a certain limit (e.g., a limit corresponding to a block error rate (BER) ) . In response to detecting beam failure at block 508, the UE identifies a candidate beam suitable for communication and performs beam failure recovery (BFR) . For example, the UE may send, to the RAN, a request to switch to the candidate beam for communications. In some cases, the UE may send the beam switch request via a random access procedure using the candidate beam. The RAN may activate the candidate beam or a different beam at the UE. If the BFR is not successful, the UE may declare a radio link failure (RLF) for the serving cell, at block 512. In response to RLF, the UE may perform a cell reselection process to establish a communication link on a different serving cell.
[0103] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples 600, 610, and 620 of beam management procedures. As shown in FIG. 6, examples 600, 610, and 620 include a UE 104 in communication with a BS 102 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless communications network 100 in FIG. 1) . However, the devices shown in FIG. 6 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 104 and a network entity, a UE 104 and a transmission reception point (TRP) , between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, between a scheduled node and a scheduling node, and / or the like) . In some aspects, the UE 104 and the BS 102 are in a connected state (e.g., RRC connected state and / or the like) .
[0104] BS 102 and UE 104 may communicate to perform beam management using reference signals (RSs) (e.g., synchronization (SSBs) , demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , etc. ) .
[0105] Example 600 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P1 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, a beam search procedure, and / or the like. In example 600, reference signals are configured to be transmitted from the BS 102 to UE 104. The reference signals may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI) ) .
[0106] As illustrated, the first beam management procedure may include BS 102 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (TX) beams 602. A transmit beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device (e.g., a BS 102 and / or UE 104) for transmitting signals. For example, BS 102 may transmit a reference signal using each of the transmit beams 602 associated with BS 102 for beam management. To enable UE 104 to perform receive (RX) beam sweeping, BS 102 uses a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each reference signal at multiple times within a same resource set to enable UE 104 to sweep through receive beams 604 in multiple transmission instances. A receive beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device for receiving signals. For example, if BS 102 has a set of N transmit beams 602 and UE 104 has a set of M receive beams 604, then the reference signal may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams 602 M times such that UE 104 receives M instances of the reference signals per transmit beam. As a result, the first beam management procedure helps to enable UE 104 to measure a reference signal on different transmit beams, using different receive beams, to support the selection of a receive beam for a transmit beam. UE 104 may report the measurements to BS 102 to enable BS 102 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between BS 102 and UE 104, as further described herein with respect to channel state feedback corresponding to receive beam hypotheses.
[0107] Example 610, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P2 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a BS beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, a transmit beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0108] As illustrated, the second beam management procedure includes BS 102 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams 612. The transmit beam (s) 612 may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with BS 102 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . BS 102 transmits a reference signal using each of the transmit beam (s) 612. UE 104 measures each reference signal using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam 614 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . As such, the second beam management procedure may enable BS 102 to select a best transmit beam based on measurements of the reference signals (e.g., measured by UE 104 using the single receive beam 614) reported by UE 104.
[0109] Example 620, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P3 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, a receive beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0110] As illustrated, the third beam management procedure includes BS 102 transmitting one or more reference signals using a single transmit beam 622 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable UE 104 to perform receive beam sweeping, BS 102 may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) reference signals at multiple times within a same resource set such that UE 104 can sweep through one or more receive beams 624 in multiple transmission instances. The receive beam (s) 624 may be a subset of all receive beams associated with UE 104 (e.g., determined based on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure helps to enable BS 102 and / or UE 104 to select a best receive beam based on reported measurements received from UE 104 (e.g., of the reference signal of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0111] FIG. 6 is provided as an example of beam management procedures for determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications between a UE and a network entity. Other examples of beam management procedures that differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 6, however, may be considered when determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications.
[0112] Aspects Related to Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Management Procedures
[0113] Certain aspects described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using some form of artificial intelligence (AI) , e.g., the process of using a machine learning (ML) model to infer or predict output data based on input data. An example ML model may include a mathematical representation of one or more relationships among various objects to provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences. Once an ML model has been trained, the ML model may be deployed to process data that may be similar to, or associated with, all or part of the training data and provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences based on the input data.
[0114] Aspects of the present disclosure may describe the performance of certain tasks and the technical solution of various technical problems by application of a specific type of ML model, such as an artificial neural network (ANN) . It should be understood, however, that other type (s) of AI models may be used in addition to or instead of an ANN. An ML model may be an example of an AI model, and any suitable AI model may be used in addition to or instead of any of the ML models described herein. Hence, unless expressly recited, subject matter regarding an ML model is not necessarily intended to be limited to just an ANN solution or machine learning. Further, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such “AI model, ” “ML model, ” “AI / ML model, ” “trained ML model, ” and the like are intended to be interchangeable.
[0115] AI / ML techniques have been introduced to help reduce the complexity involved in beam selection and the overhead associated with beam management without sacrificing system performance. For example, with the help of ML techniques, beam selection may be performed in a fraction of the time taken by conventional exhaustive search methods and with performance comparable to that of such methods.
[0116] In certain aspects, an ML model is deployed at or on a UE (e.g., such as UE 104 in FIG. 1) , for example, for purposes of spatial domain (SD) , temporal domain (TD) , and / or frequency domain (FD) beam prediction. The TD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of time, rather than frequency. The FD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of frequency, rather than time. A scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict SD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 1, or simply “BM-Case1. ” Additionally, a scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict TD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on the historic measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 2, or simply “BM-Case2. ” In general, ML may be used to predict characteristics associated with the set of A-beams, and the set of B-beams may be used for DL beam measurements as input data for the ML. For BM-Casel and BM-Case2, the beams in the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams may be in the same Frequency Range (e.g., FR1 and / or FR2) . In some cases, the set of B-beams may be a subset of the set of A-beams. There may be any number of beams in each of the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams. There may be quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships between the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams.
[0117] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating example beam prediction 700 by a UE 104. In this example, an ML model 710 is deployed at or on UE 104 to enable UE 104 to make one or more beam predictions based on data input to ML model 710.
[0118] For example, a network entity (e.g., a base station or any disaggregated entity thereof) may transmit one or more signals (e.g., SSB (s) , DM-RS (s) , CSI-RS (s) ) , via a first set of transmit beams 704, in a first set of communication resources (e.g., an SSB resource, a DM-RS resource, and / or a CSI-RS resource) . The UE 104 may perform measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP measurements and / or other measurements) of the one or more signals transmitted in the first set of communication resources, or a subset thereof, to obtain input data, which may include a first set of measurements 712 (sometimes referred to as parameters, channel characteristics, or channel properties) . For example, each transmit beam 704 (or a subset thereof) , from the first set of beams carrying the one or more signals, may be associated with one or more measurements 712 performed by UE 104. UE 104 may feed the first set of measurements 712 (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the ML model 710. The UE 104 may further feed information associated with the first set of beams and / or first set of communication resources (or a subset thereof) . The information associated with the first set of beams may include a beam direction (e.g., a spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beam.
[0119] The ML model 710 may provide output data, for example, including one or more predictions. More specifically, ML model 710 may provide one or more predicted measurement values 714 for a second set of communication resources associated with a second set of transmit beams 706. The one or more measurement values 714 may include predicted channel characteristics (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of communication resources, where the second set of communication resources are associated with the second set of transmit beams 706.
[0120] In some examples, the first set of beams 704 (e.g., that are measured) may be referred to as “Set B beams” and the second set of beams 706 (e.g., that are associated with predicted measurements for the second set of communication resources) may be referred to as “Set A beams. ” Put another way, the “Set B beams” are a set of beams for which measurements are taken and used to determine input data based on such measurements for the ML model 710, whereas the “Set A beams” are a set of beams for which ML model 710 performs predictions.
[0121] In some examples, first set of beams 704 are a subset of the second set of beams 706. In some other examples, first set of beams 704 and second set of beams 706 are different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, first set of beams 704 may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) , and second set of beams 706 may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) .
[0122] Use of the ML model 710 for beam prediction may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by UE 104 (e.g., compared to exhaustive search methods described above with respect to FIG. 6) , thereby conserving power at UE 104 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in at least the first set of beams.
[0123] In some aspects, this type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook-based SD selection or prediction. The codebook-based SD prediction / selection may be associated with an initial access, a secondary cell group (SCG) setup, a serving beam refinement, and / or a link quality (e.g., channel quality indicator (CQI) or precoding matrix indicator (PMI) ) and interference adaptation.
[0124] As another example, an output of the ML model 710 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams (e.g., the “Set A beams” ) . This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook-based SD selection or prediction. The non-codebook-based prediction / selection may be associated with a serving beam refinement, and / or a link quality (e.g., CQI or PMI) and interference adaptation. As another example, multiple measurement reports and / or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to ML model 710. This may enable ML model 710 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of ML model 710, may facilitate initial access procedures, carrier aggregation (e.g., secondary cell setup) , dual connectivity (e.g., secondary cell group (SCG) setup) , beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure and / or a P3 beam management procedure as described above with respect to FIG. 5) , link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0125] In certain aspects, an output of ML model 710 may include a temporal beam prediction. The TD beam prediction may be associated with a serving beam refinement, a link quality (e.g., CQI or PMI) and interference adaptation, a beam failure / blockage prediction, and / or a radio link failure (RLF) prediction.
[0126] In certain aspects, ML model 710 performs SD downlink beam predictions for beams included in the “Set A beams” based on measurement results of beams included in the “Set B beams. ” In some aspects, ML model 710 performs TD downlink beam prediction for beams included in the “Set A beams” based on historic measurement results of beams included in the “Set B beams. ”
[0127] Example of Triggering Aperiodic CSI
[0128] In some cases, a UE may be configured with a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states (hereinafter “the trigger state list” ) , for example, as an aperiodic CSI trigger state list. Each aperiodic CSI trigger state in the trigger state list may be associated with measurement resources (e.g., channel measurement resources and / or interference measurement resources) and a CSI report configuration, which may be indicated via a CSI report configuration identifier. Ifthe total number of trigger states in the trigger state list is greater than (where NTS is the bit size of a CSI request field that selects the aperiodic CSI trigger state (s) in a triggering DCI) , the network entity may send, to the UE, an indication of a sub-selection of aperiodic CSI trigger state (s) among the trigger state list that can be identified via the CSI request field in a DCI. The network entity may send the trigger state selection via medium access control (MAC) signaling in a MAC control element (MAC-CE) . Accordingly, the CSI request field in the DCI may identify any trigger states among the trigger state selection of the MAC signaling. Otherwise, if the bit size of the CSI request field is equal to or greater than the total number of trigger states in the trigger state list, the CSI request field in the DCI may identify any trigger state in the trigger state list without the MAC signaling sub-selection.
[0129] Aspects Related to Aperiodic Channel State Information for Multiple Measurement Cycles
[0130] Aspects of the present disclosure provide schemes for triggering aperiodic CSI that relies on multiple measurement cycles or measurement occasions. A DCI gap period may be defined for an earliest time when a UE can expect to be triggered for aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles or measurement occasions as described herein with respect to FIGS. 8-13. As used herein, CSI based on multiple measurement cycles may refer to CSI that is determined based on measurements taken or obtained during multiple measurement cycles. The schemes for triggering aperiodic CSI may enable a UE to determine reliable and / or accurate CSI based on multiple measurement cycles.
[0131] FIG. 8 illustrates an example architecture 800 for communicating aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles (e.g., a time series of measurements in multiple measurement occasions as further described herein) . In this example, a UE (e.g., the UE 104) may obtain an aperiodic CSI trigger state configuration 802 (hereinafter “the trigger state configuration 802” ) . The trigger state configuration 802 may define one or more aperiodic CSI trigger states 804a-n (collectively “the aperiodic CSI trigger states 804” ) , which may be identified in an aperiodic CSI trigger state list 806 (hereinafter “the trigger state list” ) in the trigger state configuration 802. In certain aspects, the trigger state list 806 may also be referred to herein as a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states. Each of the aperiodic CSI trigger states 804 may be associated with one or more measurement resources (e.g., reference signal measurement resource (s) and / or interference measurement resource (s) ) and a CSI report configuration, which may identify the specific CSI (e.g., channel properties) to include in the CSI report. In certain aspects, the CSI report configuration may indicate a duration of a DCI gap period (further described herein) for the corresponding trigger state.
[0132] In certain aspects, the trigger state configuration 802 may indicate that a particular aperiodic CSI trigger state is associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles. Note that an aperiodic CSI trigger state may be referred to as a trigger state. In this example, a second trigger state 804b ( “Trigger State 1” ) and an eighth trigger state 804h ( “Trigger State 7” ) in the trigger state list 806 are associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles 810. In certain aspects, the second trigger state 804b may be associated with CSI based on a first number of measurement cycles, and the eighth trigger state 804h may be associated with CSI based on a second number of measurement cycles, where the first number may be different or the same as the second number. In certain aspects, the number of measurement cycles may represent a minimum number of measurement cycles or a duration of time that can be used to determine reliable and / or accurate CSI or a prediction thereof (e.g., satisfying a threshold accuracy or reliability) . In certain aspects, the trigger state configuration 802 may indicate that a set of trigger states are associated with CSI based on multiple measurements.
[0133] In some cases, the trigger state list 806 may include one or more other trigger states associated with CSI which is not based on multiple measurement cycles, such as the first trigger state 804a ( “Trigger State 0” ) and / or the nth trigger state 804n ( “Trigger State N” ) . The other trigger state (s) 804a, 804n may be associated with CSI that is based on a single measurement cycle and / or a single measurement occasion. In some cases, the UE may be capable of determining the CSI associated with the other trigger states based on measurement (s) obtained during a single measurement occasion. Note that the nth trigger state 804n may be representative of the last or final trigger state in the trigger state list 806 and not necessarily the fourteenth trigger state. For example, assuming there are sixteen trigger states in the trigger state list 806, the nth trigger state 804n may be the sixteenth trigger state.
[0134] In certain aspects, the UE may obtain an activation indication 808 for one or more trigger states associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles. In some cases, the activation indication 808 may be indicated via the trigger state configuration 802, which may be indicated via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. In certain cases, the activation indication 808 may be indicated via separate signaling, such as medium access control (MAC) signaling and / or downlink control information (DCI) , for example, as further described herein with respect to FIG. 9. For example, the activation indication 808 may indicate that the second trigger state 804b and / or the eighth trigger state 804h are activated for aperiodic CSI reporting. The activation indication 808 may indicate to the UE to start obtaining and / or storing (e.g., buffering) measurements during the respective measurement cycles for determination of aperiodic CSI.
[0135] The UE may obtain measurements associated with one or more measurement resources during multiple measurement cycles (MCs) 810a-n (collectively “the measurement cycles 810” ) or measurement occasions (MOs) 812 associated with the first trigger state and / or the second trigger state in response to the first trigger state and / or the second trigger state being activated. A measurement resource may include one or more time-frequency resources, and in some cases, a particular measurement resource may be associated with certain transmit and / or receive beamforming (or spatial filtering) . In certain aspects, the measurement resource may correspond to a specific reference signal resource, such as an SSB, CSI-RS, and / or DM-RS.
[0136] A measurement cycle (e.g., the measurement cycle 810a) may include a set of one or more measurement occasions 812 arranged in a time period 814 (e.g., corresponding to a set of communication time intervals) . The measurement cycle may be communicated with a periodicity, such as any of the periodicities associated with an SSB burst as discussed herein. In certain aspects, the measurement occasions 812 may be arranged in a sequence over the time period. Accordingly, the multiple measurement cycles 810 may include one or more measurement occasions 812. In certain aspects, the measurement resources and / or measurement occasions associated with the trigger state (s) 804b, 804h may be periodic measurement resources / occasions, for example, corresponding to periodic reference signals, such as SSBs, periodic CSI-RSs, and / or semi-persistent CSI-RSs. In certain aspects, a measurement occasion in a measurement cycle may correspond to a specific interference measurement resource including, for example, a zero-power (ZP) CSI-RS and / or a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS.
[0137] As an example with respect to synchronization signaling, an SSB cycle (such as an SSB burst) may be representative of the measurement cycle. The SSB burst includes a sequence of SSBs (e.g., representative of measurement occasions) arranged in a specific time period (e.g., a half frame) . The SSB burst (e.g., the measurement cycle) is communicated with a periodicity (e.g., 5 milliseconds (ms) , 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and / or 160 ms) . As shown, each of the measurement occasions may correspond to a different beam 816a-c in a set of transmit and / or receive beams 818 (such as the transmit beams 704) .
[0138] The UE may obtain a request 820 for aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles after at least a gap period (hereinafter “the DCI gap period” ) that allows the UE to obtain the measurements during the measurement cycles 810, for example, as further described herein with respect to FIG. 9. As an example, the UE may obtain DCI that includes an indication of the second trigger state 804b and / or the eighth trigger state 804h. In certain aspects, the second trigger state 804b may be associated with a different DCI gap period than the DCI gap period associated with the eighth trigger state 804h. The UE may expect to obtain any triggering DCI after at least the greatest of the DCI gap periods among the respective trigger states 804b, 804h.
[0139] In certain aspects, the UE may send a CSI report 822 that includes the aperiodic CSI based on the multiple measurement cycles 810. In certain cases, the aperiodic CSI may be determined using an ML model based on the measurements obtained during the measurement cycles 810, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 7. As an example, input data 824 (including the measurements obtained during the measurement cycles) may be provided to an AI / ML model 826. The AI / ML model 826 may provide output data including one or more predictions of CSI measurements 828, such as a TD beam prediction as discussed herein. Note that the AI / ML-based CSI is an example of temporal CSI to facilitate an understanding of a DCI gap period used to determine when the triggering DCI can be communicated.
[0140] FIG. 9 illustrates an example timing architecture 900 for applying a DCI gap period before requesting aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles (or measurement occasions) . In this example, the aperiodic CSI trigger state may be activated via an activation indication 902 (e.g., the activation indication 808) including, for example, certain MAC signaling 902a and / or dedicated signaling 902b for aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles 906. The MAC signaling 902a may include a particular MAC control element (MAC-CE) , which may be the Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselection MAC-CE.
[0141] The dedicated signaling 902b may include a separate activation indication used to trigger the activation of aperiodic CSI trigger state associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles 906. That is, the dedicated signaling 902b may be specific to activating an aperiodic CSI trigger state associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles 906. In certain aspects, the dedicated signaling 902b may include MAC signaling and / or DCI. In some cases, the dedicated signaling 902b may include a DCI format corresponding to a downlink grant (e.g., downlink grant DCI) . The dedicated signaling 902b may be separate from the MAC signaling 902a.
[0142] In certain aspects, in response to the activation indication 902, the UE may send an acknowledgement 904 (ACK) of the activation indication 902. The ACK 904 may indicate to a network entity that the UE has successfully obtained the activation indication 902. In response to the activation indication 902, the UE may start obtaining measurements associated with the activated trigger state during the measurement cycles 906 (or measurement occasions) .
[0143] The UE may expect to obtain a request 908 (e.g., an uplink grant DCI) for the aperiodic CSI associated with the activated trigger state at least after a DCI gap period 910 occurs, for example, starting from the ACK 904 and / or the activation indication 902. The DCI gap period 910 may have a duration that allows the UE to obtain measurements during the measurement cycles 906. The DCI gap period 910 includes a measurement period 912 for the measurement cycles 906. The measurement period 912 may correspond to or include a duration of time for the measurements associated with the measurement cycles 906 to be communicated to and / or obtained at the UE. Note that the DCI gap period 910 may correspond to measurement cycles and / or measurement occasions of interference measurement resources. In some cases, the DCI gap period 910 may include an ACK gap 914, which may be or include a duration of time for the ACK 904 to be communicated to and / or processed at a network entity. For example, the ACK gap 914 may have a duration of three milliseconds. In certain cases, the DCI gap period 910 may be considered to start when the ACK gap 914 ends.
[0144] FIG. 10 illustrates an example scheme 1000 for requesting aperiodic CSI during a measurement period. In this example, the aperiodic CSI is based on multiple measurement occasions 1002a-d arranged in a sequence over a measurement period 1004. A request 1006 (e.g., an uplink grant DCI) for the aperiodic CSI is allowed to be communicated between the next to last measurement occasion (or measurement cycle) 1002c and the last measurement occasion (or measurement cycle) 1002d during the measurement period 1004. The next to last measurement occasion 1002c occurs before the last measurement occasion 1002d in the sequence of measurement occasions 1002a-d arranged in the measurement period 1004. Accordingly, a DCI gap period 1008 may end at least after the next to last measurement occasion 1002c occurs in the measurement period 1004. The DCI gap period 1008 may start as described herein with respect to FIG. 9. There may be a gap period 1010 between the request 1006 and the last measurement occasion 1002d. The gap period 1010 may include the duration of time until the last measurement occasion 1002d is communicated and / or obtained from when the request 1006 is communicated and / or obtained.
[0145] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scheme 1100 for determining a DCI gap period when multiple activation indicates are obtained for the same trigger state. In this example, a UE obtains a first activation indication 1102a (e.g., the activation indication 902) for a trigger state (e.g., the second trigger state 804b) associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles. The trigger state may have a corresponding DCI gap period 1104, which determines the earliest time when the UE can expect to obtain an aperiodic CSI request for the activated trigger state. Then, after the first activation indication 1102a is obtained, the UE obtains a second activation indication 1102b for the same trigger state. In some cases, the second activation indication 1102b may also indicate that certain trigger state (s) are deactivated, such as the other trigger state (s) 804a, 804n and / or the eighth trigger state 804h. Regardless of the second activation indication 1102b, the DCI gap period 1104 for the activated trigger state (e.g., the second trigger state 804b) may be determined based on the first activation indication l102a, for example, in terms of duration, start time, and / or end time. Such a scheme for determining the DCI gap period may avoid latencies in triggering aperiodic CSI or avoid disruptions in buffering the measurements for the multiple measurement cycles. Accordingly, a request 1106 for aperiodic CSI associated with the activated trigger state may be obtained at least after the DCI gap period 1104 occurs, for example, as described herein with respect to FIGS. 9 and 10.
[0146] As discussed herein, in certain cases, if the total number of trigger states in a trigger state list (e.g., the trigger state list 806) is greater than a network entity may notify a UE of a sub-selection of the trigger states that can be addressed in a CSI request field of DCI. Otherwise, the CSI request field of the DCI may directly address the trigger states in the triggers state list without any such sub-selection. For aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles, the network entity may send an activation indication despite the number of trigger states in the trigger state list and the bit size of the CSI request field. The explicit activation may trigger a UE to start collecting measurements for the aperiodic CSI.
[0147] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scheme 1200 of communicating a trigger state activation indication regardless of the number of trigger states in the trigger state list. In this example, a UE may be configured with a trigger state list 1202 that identifies one or more trigger states 1204a-n, where the second trigger state 1204b and the eighth trigger state 1204h may be associated with CSI based on multiple measurement cycles. The trigger state list 806 of FIG. 8 and its constituent trigger states 804a-n may be representative of the trigger state list 1202. The trigger state list 1202 may have a total number of trigger states that can be addressed or identified via a CSI request field 1210 of triggering DCI 1208. Due to the trigger state list 1202 having the second trigger state 1204b and the eighth trigger state 1204h, a trigger state activation indication 1206 may be used to explicitly indicate that the second trigger state 1204b and / or the eighth trigger state 1204h are activated. The activation indications described herein with respect to FIGS. 8, 9, and 11 may be representative of the activation indication 1206. The activation indication 1206 may allow the UE to know when to start obtaining and / or buffering the measurements during the respective measurement cycles used for determining the temporal CSI, such as AI / ML temporal beam and / or interference predictions. In certain aspects, the CSI request field 1210 may identify any of the trigger states selected in the activation indication 1206. That is, the value of the CSI request field 1210 may correspond to the trigger states selected in the activation indication 1206. In such cases, the CSI request field 1210 may not be expected to identify any of the remaining trigger states 1204 from the trigger state list 1202 excluded from the activation indication 1206.
[0148] Example Operations of Communicating Aperiodic CSI
[0149] FIG. 13 depicts a process flow 1300 for communicating aperiodic CSI based on multiple measurement cycles (or occasions) in a system between a network entity 1302 and a user equipment (UE) 1304. In some aspects, the network entity 1302 may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 1304 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3. However, in other aspects, UE 1304 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 1302 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein. Note that any operations or signaling illustrated with dashed lines may indicate that that operation or signaling may be an optional or alternative example.
[0150] At 1306, the UE 1304 sends, to the network entity 1302, capability information that indicates a requested duration for a DCI gap period (e.g., the DCI gap period 1326) for certain aperiodic CSI, which may correspond to specific AI / ML models or functions, reference signals, channel properties, etc. In certain aspects, the UE 1304 may indicate the duration of the DCI gap period in terms of a requested number of measurement cycles and / or measurement occasions for determination of CSI based on multiple measurement cycles (or measurement occasions) . The requested duration of the DCI gap period may represent a minimum duration that can be used to obtain measurements for the CSI during the measurement cycles and / or occasions. In certain aspects, the number of measurement cycles and / or measurement occasions for determination of CSI associated with aperiodic trigger states may be preconfigured and / or predefined.
[0151] In certain aspects, the UE 1304 may indicate the duration of the DCI gap period via an indication of a supported AI / ML model or function used for determination of certain aperiodic CSI. The AI / ML model or function may have a corresponding number of measurement cycles for collection of the input data to the AI / ML model. The capability reporting associated with the UE 1304 can be based on, the number of measurement cycles regarding measurement resources (e.g., the set of B-beams) associated with an AI / ML model or function. The UE 1304 may report different capabilities for the DCI gap period regarding different AI / ML models and / or functions. In certain aspects, the AI / ML model or function may be predefined and / or signaled to the UE 1304. In certain cases, the AI / ML model or function, which can trigger or be associated with the capability information, may be predefined and / or signaled to the UE 1304.
[0152] As an example, the UE may request a single measurement cycle for an AI / ML model or function that provides prediction targets (e.g., the set of A-beams) with regard to a temporal occasion that occurs before the slot carrying the CSI report (e.g., a spatial prediction where instantaneous measurements are be used) . As another example, the UE may request multiple measurement cycles for an AI / ML model or function that provides prediction targets (e.g., the set of A-beams) with regard to a temporal occasion that occurs later than the slot carrying the CSI report (e.g., a temporal prediction towards the future where a time series of historical measurements are used) . The UE 1304 may report different capability values for the DCI gap period, for example, depending on whether SSBs or CSI-RSs are used as measurement resources, and / or depending on the number of resources considered as measurement resources or prediction targets.
[0153] At 1308, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, a configuration for one or more aperiodic CSI trigger states (e.g., the trigger state configuration 802) , for example, via RRC signaling. The trigger state configuration may indicate which trigger state (s) are associated with a DCI gap period (e.g., the DCI gap period 1326) and / or the corresponding duration of such DCI gap period, such as the second trigger state 804b and the eighth trigger state 804h. In certain aspects, the indication of the trigger states having a DCI gap period may exclude any trigger states associated with CSI based on a single measurement cycle or an AI / ML model or functionality that was not reported in the capability information at 1306. In certain aspects, the duration of the DCI gap period may be predefined and / or signaled to the UE 1304. In certain cases, the duration of the DCI gap period may be associated with an AI / ML model or function. In certain aspects, the UE 1304 may identify an AI / ML model or function associated with a trigger state via signaling for an aperiodic CSI report configuration, a trigger state configuration, and / or an AI / ML model configuration. The association between the AI / ML model or function and a trigger state may indicate a duration of a DCI gap period, for example, in terms of the number of measurement cycles used to obtain measurements for the input data. In certain aspects, the trigger state configuration may indicate that trigger states associated with a DCI gap period are activated, and accordingly, the UE 1304 may start obtaining measurements during the respective measurement cycles in response to obtaining the trigger state configuration. In such cases, the DCI gap period 1326 may be considered to have a start time 1328 that occurs at when the trigger state configuration is obtained at 1310.
[0154] At 1310, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, a trigger state sub-selection that indicates a selection of one or more trigger states among the trigger states in a trigger state list, such as the trigger state (s) associated with the DCI gap period 1326. The MAC signaling 902a of FIG. 9 may be an example of the trigger state sub-selection at 1310. The sub-selection may be used when the total number of trigger states in a trigger state list (e.g., the trigger state list 806) is greater than as discussed herein. The trigger state sub-selection may identify one or more trigger states that can be identified or indicated via a CSI request field of a triggering DCI. The trigger state sub-selection may be obtained via MAC signaling, such as the Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselecfion MAC-CE. In certain aspects, the trigger state sub-selection may be used to indicate whether any trigger states associated with a DCI gap period are activated, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 12. For example, the UE 1304 may obtain the trigger state sub-selection regardless of the total number of trigger states in the trigger state list. Accordingly, the UE 1304 may start obtaining measurements during the respective measurement cycles in response to obtaining the trigger state sub-selection. In such cases, the DCI gap period 1326 may be considered to have a start time 1328 that occurs at when the trigger state sub-selection is obtained at 1310.
[0155] At 1312, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, a trigger state activation indication that indicates that one or more trigger states associated with a DCI gap period (e.g., the DCI gap period 1326) are activated among the trigger states in a trigger state list. The dedicated signaling 902b of FIG. 9 may be an example of the activation indication at 1312. In certain aspects, the trigger state activation indication may identify any trigger states among the trigger states of the sub-selection. In certain aspects, the trigger state activation indication may identify any trigger states among the trigger state list. In some cases, the trigger state sub-selection at 1310 may serve as the activation indication for any trigger states associated with a DCI gap period. In certain cases, the trigger state activation indication may be separate signaling from the trigger state sub-selection. In certain aspects, the trigger state activation indication may be obtained via DCI (e.g., a DL grant DCI) and / or MAC signaling. Accordingly, the UE 1304 may start obtaining measurements during the respective measurement cycles in response to obtaining the trigger state activation indication. In such cases, the DCI gap period 1326 may be considered to have a start time 1328 that occurs at when the trigger state activation indication is obtained at 1312. In certain aspects, the start time 1328 of the DCI gap period 1326 may occur at any of the times described herein with respect to FIG. 9.
[0156] At 1314, the UE 1304 sends, to the network entity 1302, an acknowledgement of the activation of the trigger state (s) . The acknowledgment may indicate that certain trigger state (s) are activated at the UE 1304, such as a trigger state associated with the DCI gap period 1326.
[0157] At 1316, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, reference signals during the measurement cycles, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 8. In certain aspects, the UE 1304 may obtain measurements during measurement occasions associated with reference signal resources and / or interference measurement resources.
[0158] At 1318, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, a request for a CSI based on multiple measurement cycles (or measurement occasions) , for example, via an uplink grant DCI. The request may identify a specific trigger state in the trigger state list, sub-selection, and / or activation indication. The UE 1304 obtains the request at or after an end time 1330 of the DCI gap period 1326 that occurs during the measurement cycles or measurement occasions associated with the trigger state, for example, as described herein with respect to FIGS. 9 and 10.
[0159] At 1320, the UE 1304 sends, to the network entity 1302, CSI in response to the request for CSI at 1318. The CSI may be determined based on measurements obtained during the measurement cycles associated with the trigger state identified via the CSI request at 1318. The UE 1304 may use an ML model to determine the CSI based on one or more measurements obtained during the measurement cycles in the DCI gap period 1326 associated with the activated trigger state. As an example, the CSI may include a temporal beam prediction determined using an AI / ML model that takes historical measurements as input data, for example, as described herein with respect to FIG. 7 and 8.
[0160] At 1322, the UE 1304 communicates with the network entity 1302, for example, using one or parameters determined based on the CSI. The CSI may include one or more TD downlink beam predictions for beams included in the “Set A beams” based on historic measurement results of beams included in the “Set B beams, ” as described herein with respect to FIG. 7. As an example, the CSI may indicate that a different beam may provide better channel conditions for wireless communications between the network entity 1302 and the UE 1304, and the network entity 1302 may notify the UE 1304 to switch to the other beam for the wireless communications.
[0161] At 1324, the UE 1304 obtains, from the network entity 1302, an indication to deactivate the trigger state associated with the DCI gap period 1326. The deactivation indication may allow the UE 1304 to refrain from obtaining measurements during the measurement cycles or measurement occasions associated with deactivated trigger state.
[0162] Example Operations
[0163] FIG. 14 shows a method 1400 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0164] Method 1400 may begin at block 1405 with sending signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with a first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the signaling includes capability information that indicates the first request number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0165] Method 1400 then proceeds to block 1410 with obtaining a first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC signaling. In certain aspects, the MAC signaling comprises an aperiodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC-CE. In certain aspects, the DCI or the MAC signaling comprises a field that indicates a selection of the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0166] Method 1400 then proceeds to block 1415 with obtaining one or more measurements of one or more instances of at least one reference signal during one or more reference signal measurement cycles. In certain aspects, the one or more measurements comprise a plurality of measurements; the one or more reference signal measurement cycles comprise a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles; and each of the plurality of measurements corresponds to a respective reference signal measurement cycle of the plurality of reference signal measurement cycles. In certain aspects, obtaining the one or more measurements comprises obtaining the one or more instances of the at least one reference signal during the one or more reference signal measurement cycles. In certain aspects, the at least one reference signal comprises a periodic reference signal including one or more of: a SSB; a periodic CSI-RS; or a semi-persistent CSI-RS.
[0167] Method 1400 then proceeds to block 1420 with obtaining, at least after a gap period, a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to the one or more reference signal measurement cycles. In certain aspects, the gap period starts when the first indication is obtained, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0168] Method 1400 then proceeds to block 1425 with sending the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state being based at least in part on the one or more measurements.
[0169] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes using a ML model to determine the CSI based on the one or more measurements. In certain aspects, the signaling further indicates that the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with one or more ML models.
[0170] In certain aspects, the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a first reference signal; the signaling further indicates a second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and the second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a second reference signal.
[0171] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more ML models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the configuration comprises one or more of: a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; or an ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0172] In certain aspects, the one or more reference signal measurement cycles (and / or the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles) corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; and block 1420 includes obtaining the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.
[0173] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes obtaining a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; block 1410 includes obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; and block 1420 includes obtaining the request for the CSI via DCI comprising a CSI request field.
[0174] In certain aspects, the CSI request field has a bit size (e.g., NTS) that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states (e.g., ) ; the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and a total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.
[0175] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes obtaining a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is obtained after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; and block 1420 includes obtaining the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication. For example, the gap period may start when the first indication is obtained.
[0176] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes obtaining, before the obtaining of the first indication, MAC signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and block 1410 includes obtaining, after the obtaining of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0177] In certain aspects, obtaining the first indication comprises obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0178] In certain aspects, method 1400 further includes obtaining an indication that deactivates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0179] In certain aspects, method 1400, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1600 of FIG. 16, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1400. Communications device 1600 is described below in further detail.
[0180] Note that FIG. 14 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or altemative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0181] FIG. 15 shows a method 1500 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0182] Method 1500 may begin at block 1505 with obtaining signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with a first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the signaling includes capability information that indicates the first request number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0183] Method 1500 then proceeds to block 1510 with sending a first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC signaling. In certain aspects, the MAC signaling comprises an aperiodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC-CE. In certain aspects, the DCI or the MAC signaling comprises a field that indicates a selection of the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0184] Method 1500 then proceeds to block 1515 with sending, at least after a gap period, a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to one or more reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the gap period starts when the first indication is sent, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0185] Method 1500 then proceeds to block 1520 with obtaining the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0186] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending at least one reference signal during a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the at least one reference signal comprises a periodic reference signal including one or more of: a SSB; a periodic CSI-RS; or a semi-persistent CSI-RS.
[0187] In certain aspects, the signaling further indicates that the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with one or more ML models.
[0188] In certain aspects, the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a first reference signal; the signaling further indicates a second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and the second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a second reference signal.
[0189] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending a configuration that indicates one or more ML models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state. In certain aspects, the configuration comprises one or more of: a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; or an ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0190] In certain aspects, the one or more reference signal measurement cycles (and / or the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles) corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; and block 1515 includes sending the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.
[0191] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; block 1510 includes sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; and block 1515 includes sending the request for the CSI via DCI comprising a CSI request field.
[0192] In certain aspects, the CSI request field has a bit size (e.g., NTS) that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states (e.g., ) ; the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and a total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.
[0193] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is sent after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; and block 1515 includes sending the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication. For example, the gap period may start when the first indication is obtained.
[0194] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending, before the sending of the first indication, MAC signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and block 1510 includes sending, after the sending of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0195] In certain aspects, sending the first indication comprises sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0196] In certain aspects, method 1500 further includes sending an indication that deactivates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0197] In certain aspects, method 1500, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1700 of FIG. 17, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1500. Communications device 1700 is described below in further detail.
[0198] Note that FIG. 15 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0199] Example Communications Devices
[0200] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1600. In some aspects, communications device 1600 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0201] The communications device 1600 includes a processing system 1605 coupled to a transceiver 1655 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1655 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1600 via an antenna 1660, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1605 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1600, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1600.
[0202] The processing system 1605 includes one or more processors 1610. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1610 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1610 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1630 via a bus 1650. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1630 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1610, enable and cause the one or more processors 1610 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 14. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1600 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1600, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0203] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1630 stores code for sending 1635, code for obtaining 1640, and code for using 1645. Processing of the code 1635-1645 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0204] The one or more processors 1610 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1630, including circuitry for sending 1615, circuitry for obtaining 1620, and circuitry for using 1625. Processing with circuitry 1615-1625 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0205] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1655 and / or antenna 1660 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1655 and / or antenna 1660 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16. Means for using may include the receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16.
[0206] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1700. In some aspects, communications device 1700 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0207] The communications device 1700 includes a processing system 1705 coupled to a transceiver 1745 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1755. The transceiver 1745 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1700 via an antenna 1750, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1755 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1700 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1705 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1700, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1700.
[0208] The processing system 1705 includes one or more processors 1710. In various aspects, one or more processors 1710 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1710 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1725 via a bus 1740. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1725 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1710, enable and cause the one or more processors 1710 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 15. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1700 performing a function may include one or more processors of communications device 1700 performing that function, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0209] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1725 stores code for obtaining 1730 and code for sending 1735. Processing of the code 1730 and 1735 may enable and cause the communications device 1700 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0210] The one or more processors 1710 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1725, including circuitry for obtaining 1715 and circuitry for sending 1720. Processing with circuitry 1715 and 1720 may enable and cause the communications device 1700 to perform the method 1500 described with respect to FIG. 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0211] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1745, antenna 1750, and / or network interface 1755 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17, and / or one or more processors 1710 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, receive processor 338, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the B S 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1745, antenna 1750, and / or network interface 1755 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17, and / or one or more processors 1710 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17.
[0212] Example Clauses
[0213] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0214] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: obtaining a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state; obtaining one or more measurements of one or more instances of at least one reference signal during one or more reference signal measurement cycles; obtaining, at least after a gap period, a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to the one or more reference signal measurement cycles; and sending the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state being based at least in part on the one or more measurements.
[0215] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, further comprising sending signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the gap period starts when the first indication is obtained, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0216] Clause 3: The method of any one of Clauses 1-2, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise a plurality of measurements; the one or more reference signal measurement cycles comprise a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles; and each of the plurality of measurements corresponds to a respective reference signal measurement cycle of the plurality of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0217] Clause 4: The method of any one of Clauses 1-3, wherein obtaining the one or more measurements comprises obtaining the one or more instances of the at least one reference signal during the one or more reference signal measurement cycles.
[0218] Clause 5: The method of any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC signaling.
[0219] Clause 6: The method of Clause 5, wherein the MAC signaling comprises an aperiodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC-CE.
[0220] Clause 7: The method of Clause 5, wherein the DCI or the MAC signaling comprises a field that indicates a selection of the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0221] Clause 8: The method of any one of Clauses 1-7, further comprising using a ML model to determine the CSI based on the one or more measurements.
[0222] Clause 9: The method of any one of Clauses 2-8, wherein the signaling further indicates that the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with one or more ML models.
[0223] Clause 10: The method of any one of Clauses 2-9, wherein: the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a first reference signal; the signaling further indicates a second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and the second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a second reference signal.
[0224] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, further comprising obtaining a configuration that indicates one or more ML models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0225] Clause 12: The method of Clause 11, wherein the configuration comprises one or more of: a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; or an ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0226] Clause 13: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises one or more of: a SSB; a periodic CSI-RS; or a semi-persistent CSI-RS.
[0227] Clause 14: The method of any one of Clauses 1-13, wherein: the one or more reference signal measurement cycles corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; and obtaining the request for the CSI comprises obtaining the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.
[0228] Clause 15: The method of any one of Clauses 1-14, further comprising obtaining a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; wherein obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; and wherein obtaining the request for the CSI comprises obtaining the request for the CSI via DCI comprising a CSI request field.
[0229] Clause 16: The method of Clause 15, wherein: the CSI request field has a bit size that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states; the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and a total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.
[0230] Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 1-16, further comprising obtaining a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is obtained after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; and wherein obtaining the request for the CSI comprises obtaining the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication.
[0231] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 1-17, further comprising obtaining, before the obtaining of the first indication, MAC signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and wherein obtaining the first indication, comprises obtaining, after the obtaining of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0232] Clause 19: The method of any one of Clauses 1-18, wherein obtaining the first indication comprises obtaining the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0233] Clause 20: The method of any one of Clauses 1-19, further comprising obtaining an indication that deactivates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0234] Clause 21: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: sending a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state; sending, at least after a gap period, a request for CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to one or more reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and obtaining the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0235] Clause 22: The method of Clause 21, further comprising obtaining signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the gap period starts when the first indication is sent, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.
[0236] Clause 23: The method of any one of Clauses 21-22, further comprising sending at least one reference signal during a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0237] Clause 24: The method of Clause 23, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises one or more of: a SSB; a periodic CSI-RS; or a semi-persistent CSI-RS.
[0238] Clause 25: The method of any one of Clauses 21-24, wherein sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC signaling.
[0239] Clause 26: The method of Clause 25, wherein the MAC signaling comprises an aperiodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC-CE.
[0240] Clause 27: The method of Clause 25, wherein the DCI or the MAC signaling comprises a field that indicates a selection of the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0241] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 22-27, wherein the signaling further indicates that the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with one or more ML models.
[0242] Clause 29: The method of any one of Clauses 22-28, wherein: the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a first reference signal; the signaling further indicates a second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and the second requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with a second reference signal.
[0243] Clause 30: The method of any one of Clauses 21-29, further comprising sending a configuration that indicates one or more ML models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0244] Clause 31: The method of Clause 30, wherein the configuration comprises one or more of: a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; or an ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0245] Clause 32: The method of any one of Clauses 21-31, wherein: the one or more reference signal measurement cycles corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; and sending the request for the CSI comprises sending the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.
[0246] Clause 33: The method of any one of Clauses 21-32, further comprising sending a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; wherein sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state comprises sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; and wherein sending the request for the CSI comprises sending the request for the CSI via DCI comprising a CSI request field.
[0247] Clause 34: The method of Clause 33, wherein: the CSI request field has a bit size that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states; the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; and a total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.
[0248] Clause 35: The method of any one of Clauses 21-34, further comprising sending a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is sent after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; and wherein sending the request for the CSI comprises sending the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication.
[0249] Clause 36: The method of any one of Clauses 21-35, further comprising sending, before the sending of the first indication, MAC signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; wherein sending the first indication comprises sending, after the sending of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0250] Clause 37: The method of any one of Clauses 21-36, wherein sending the first indication comprises sending the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.
[0251] Clause 38: The method of any one of Clauses 21-37, further comprising sending an indication that deactivates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
[0252] Clause 39: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-38.
[0253] Clause 40: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-38.
[0254] Clause 41: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-3 8.
[0255] Clause 42: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-38.
[0256] Clause 43: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-38.
[0257] Clause 44: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-38.
[0258] Clause 45: A user equipment (UE) , comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the UE to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-20.
[0259] Clause 46: A network entity, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the network entity to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 21-38.
[0260] Additional Considerations
[0261] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0262] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0263] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0264] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0265] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0266] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0267] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “a processor, ” “a controller, ” “a memory, ” “a transceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different fimctions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the apparatus to:obtain a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state;obtain one or more measurements of one or more instances of at least one reference signal during one or more reference signal measurement cycles;obtain, at least after a gap period, a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to the one or more reference signal measurement cycles; andsend the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state being based at least in part on the one or more measurements.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andthe gap period starts when the first indication is obtained, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more measurements comprise a plurality of measurements;the one or more reference signal measurement cycles comprise a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles; andeach of the plurality of measurements corresponds to a respective reference signal measurement cycle of the plurality of reference signal measurement cycles.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to obtain the one or more measurements, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the one or more instances of the at least one reference signal during the one or more reference signal measurement cycles.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to obtain the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI) , or medium access control (MAC) signaling.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to use a machine learning (ML) model to determine the CSI based on the one or more measurements.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a configuration that indicates one or more machine learning (ML) models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the configuration comprises one or more of:a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; oran ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more reference signal measurement cycles corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; andto obtain the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;to obtain the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; andto obtain the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the request for the CSI via downlink control information (DCI) comprising a CSI request field.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:the CSI request field has a bit size that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states;the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; anda total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is obtained after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; andto obtain the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain, before the obtaining of the first indication, medium access control (MAC) signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andto obtain the first indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain, after the obtaining of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to obtain the first indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.15.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the apparatus to:send a first indication that activates a first aperiodic channel state information (CSI) trigger state;send, at least after a gap period, a request for CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the gap period including at least a duration corresponding to one or more reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andobtain the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to obtain signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andthe gap period starts when the first indication is sent, and the duration corresponds to the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send at least one reference signal during a plurality of reference signal measurement cycles associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein to send the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via one or more of: radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI) , or medium access control (MAC) signaling.19.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the signaling further indicates that the first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles are associated with one or more machine learning (ML) models.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send a configuration that indicates one or more machine learning (ML) models to use for prediction of one or more channel state properties in the CSI, wherein at least one ML model of the one or more ML models is associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the configuration comprises one or more of:a CSI report configuration that indicates an association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;a CSI aperiodic trigger state list that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; oran ML configuration that indicates the association between the at least one ML model and the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.22.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the one or more reference signal measurement cycles corresponds to a sequence of reference signal measurement cycles comprising a last reference signal measurement cycle and a next to the last reference signal measurement cycle occurring before the last reference signal measurement cycle; andto send the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the request for the CSI at least after the next to the last reference signal measurement cycle.23.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send a configuration that configures the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;to send the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via medium access control signaling; andto send the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the request for the CSI via downlink control information (DCI) comprising a CSI request field.24.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:the CSI request field has a bit size that defines a maximum number of values for indicating CSI trigger states;the configuration further indicates a CSI trigger state list that identifies at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; anda total of number of trigger states in the CSI trigger state list is less than or equal to the maximum number of values associated with the CSI request field.25.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send a second indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, wherein the second indication is sent after the first indication and with or before the request for the CSI; andto send the request for the CSI, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the request for the CSI at least after the gap period that is based on the first indication.26.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send, before the sending of the first indication, medium access control (MAC) signaling that selects a subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states, wherein the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states comprises the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andto send the first indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send, after the sending of the MAC signaling, the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state via a field that indicates a selection of at least the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among the subset of aperiodic CSI trigger states.27.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein to send the first indication, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state among a set of aperiodic CSI trigger states.28.A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising:sending signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of channel state information (CSI) associated with a first aperiodic CSI trigger state;obtaining a first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;obtaining one or more measurements of one or more instances of at least one reference signal during one or more reference signal measurement cycles;obtaining a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andsending the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state, the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state being based at least in part on the one or more measurements.29.A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising:obtaining signaling indicating a first requested number of reference signal measurement cycles for determination of channel state information (CSI) associated with a first aperiodic CSI trigger state;sending a first indication that activates the first aperiodic CSI trigger state;sending a request for the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state; andobtaining the CSI associated with the first aperiodic CSI trigger state.
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