System and method for power distribution in multiple antenna system
By exchanging beamforming weight information through the M-plane to an SMO layer, the method addresses interoperability issues between RUs and DUs, enhancing network integration and operation in radio access networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075673
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Interoperability issues arise in radio access networks due to the lack of a standardized mechanism for exchanging beamforming weight information and related parameters between radio units (RUs) and distributed units (DUs), leading to integration challenges.
A method is introduced to exchange beamforming weight information and related parameters via the M-plane from RUs to a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) layer, which processes and formats the information for further use by the SMO/L1 layer, ensuring compatibility and interoperability.
This approach simplifies the exchange of beamforming information, resolving interoperability issues between DUs and RUs and facilitating seamless integration and operation in radio access networks.
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Figure CN2024075673_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION IN MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM
[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0002] a. Field of the Disclosure
[0003] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for radio access networks. The present disclosure is related to the design of operation, administration and management of various network elements of 4G, 5G, and further or 5G massive MIMO based mobile networks in a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) system.
[0004] b. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Traditionally, the radio access networks were built as an integrated unit where the entire RAN was processed. The RAN network traditionally uses application specific hardware for processing, making them difficult to upgrade and evolve. As future networks evolve to have massive densification of networks to support increased capacity requirements, there is a growing need to reduce the CAPEX / OPEX costs of RAN deployment and make the solution scalable and easy to upgrade.
[0006] OVERVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0007] Described is a system and method of exchanging beamforming weight information and related parameters by an RU configured send to support beams with specific beam indices via the M-plane, which can be used by SMO / L1 layer for further processing.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG 1 is block diagram of a system architecture.
[0009] FIG. 2 shows an example of a User Plane Stack.
[0010] FIG. 3 shows an example of a Control Plane Stack.
[0011] FIG. 4 shows an example of a Separation of CU-CP (CU-Control Plane) and CU-UP (CU-User Plane) .
[0012] FIG. 5 shows an example of a Separation of CU-CP (CU-Control Plane) and CU-UP (CU-User Plane) .
[0013] FIG. 6 shows a DL (Downlink) Layer 2 Structure.
[0014] FIG. 7 shows an exemplary logical flow for implementing an RB allocation policy.
[0015] FIG. 8 shows an L2 Data Flow example.
[0016] FIG. 9A shows an example of an O-RAN architecture.
[0017] FIG. 9B shows an example of an O-RAN architecture.
[0018] FIG. 10 describes an E-UTRAN architecture.
[0019] FIG. 11 describes an EN-DC architecture.
[0020] FIG. 12 describes a flow for an RU to exchange beamforming weight information via the M-plane to an SMO.
[0021] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0022] Reference is made to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the Internet Engineering Tas
[0023] k Force (IETF) in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The present disclosure employs abbreviations, terms and technology defined in accord with Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and / or Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) technology standards and papers, including the following standards and definitions. 3GPP and IETF technical specifications (TS) , standards (including proposed standards) , technical reports (TR) and other papers are incorporated by reference in their entirety hereby, define the related terms and architecture reference models that follow.
[0024] O-RAN. WG4. MP. 0-R003-v13.00
[0025] 3GPP TS 23.501 V 18.1.0 2023-04-05
[0026] 3GPP TS 38.300 V 17.4.0 03-28-2023
[0027] 3GPP TS 38.401 V 17.4.0 2023-04-03
[0028] 3GPP TS 38.501 V 18.1.0 2023-04-05
[0029] 3GPP TS 38.425 17.3.0, 2023-04-03
[0030] Acronyms
[0031] 3GPP: Third generation partnership project
[0032] BFW: Beamforming weight
[0033] BS: Base Station
[0034] C-RAN: cloud radio access network
[0035] CU: Central unit
[0036] CQI: Channel Quality Indicator
[0037] DL: Downlink
[0038] DCI: Downlink Control Information
[0039] DU: Distributed unit
[0040] EPC: Evolved Packet Core
[0041] eNB: evolved Node B
[0042] gNB: g NodeB
[0043] EN-DC
[0044] IoT: Internet of Things
[0045] L1: Layer 1
[0046] L2: Layer 2
[0047] L3: Layer 3
[0048] RLC: Radio Link Control
[0049] RRC: Radio Resource Control
[0050] RU: Radio Unit
[0051] U-plane: User plane
[0052] UPF: User Plane Function
[0053] UE: user equipment
[0054] UL: uplink
[0055] MIMO: multiple-in multiple-out
[0056] MME: Mobility Management Entity
[0057] MR-DC: Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity
[0058] M-plane: Management plane interface between SMO and O-RU
[0059] NB: Narrowband
[0060] NR: New Radio
[0061] NR-U: New Radio –User Plane
[0062] OFDM: orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
[0063] O-RAN: Open Radio Access Network
[0064] QCI: QoS Class Identifier
[0065] QFI: QoS Flow Id
[0066] QoS : Quality of Service
[0067] PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
[0068] PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
[0069] PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
[0070] PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel
[0071] PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel
[0072] PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
[0073] RLC: Ratio Link Control
[0074] MAC: Medium Access Control
[0075] PHY: Physical Layer
[0076] PRG: Physical Resource block Group
[0077] RAT: Radio Access Technology
[0078] RB: Resource Block
[0079] RLC: Radio Link Control
[0080] RU: Radio Unit
[0081] RMM: Radio resource management
[0082] SN: Signal Node
[0083] SR: Scheduling Request
[0084] SMO: Service Management and Orchestration system
[0085] S-GW: Serving Gateway
[0086] Described are implementations technology for a cloud-based Radio Access Networks (RAN) , where a significant portion of the RAN layer processing is performed at a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) . Both CUs and DUs are also known as the baseband units (BBUs) . CUs are usually located in the cloud on commercial off the shelf servers, while DUs can be distributed. while the RF and real-time critical functions can be processed in the remote radio unit (RU) .
[0087] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system 100 for implementations as described herein. System 100 includes a NR UE 101, a NR gNB 106. The NR UE and NR gNB are communicatively coupled via a Uu interface 120.
[0088] NR UE 101 includes electronic circuitry, namely circuitry 102, that performs operations on behalf of NR UE 101 to execute methods described herein. Circuity 102 may be implemented with any or all of (a) discrete electronic components, (b) firmware, and (c) a programmable circuit 102A.
[0089] NR gNB 106 includes electronic circuitry, namely circuitry 107, that performs operations on behalf of NR gNB 106 to execute methods described herein. Circuity 107 may be implemented with any or all of (a) discrete electronic components, (b) firmware, and (c) a programmable circuit 107A.
[0090] Programmable circuit 107A, which is an implementation of circuitry 107, includes a processor 108 and a memory 109. Processor 108 is an electronic device configured of logic circuitry that responds to and executes instructions. Memory 109 is a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage device encoded with a computer program. In this regard, memory 109 stores data and instructions, i.e., program code, that are readable and executable by processor 108 for controlling operations of processor 108. Memory 109 may be implemented in a random-access memory (RAM) , a hard drive, a read only memory (ROM) , or a combination thereof. One of the components of memory 109 is a program module, namely module 110. Module 110 contains instructions for controlling processor 108 to execute operations described herein on behalf of NR gNB 106.
[0091] The term "module" is used herein to denote a functional operation that may be embodied either as a stand-alone component or as an integrated configuration of a plurality of subordinate components. Thus, each of module 105 and 110 may be implemented as a single module or as a plurality of modules that operate in cooperation with one another.
[0092] While modules 110 are indicated as being already loaded into memories 109, and module 110 may be configured on a storage device 130 for subsequent loading into their memories 109. Storage device 130 is a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage device that stores module 110 thereon. Examples of storage device 130 include (a) a compact disk, (b) a magnetic tape, (c) a read only memory, (d) an optical storage medium, (e) a hard drive, (f) a memory unit consisting of multiple parallel hard drives, (g) a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, (h) a random-access memory, and (i) an electronic storage device coupled to NR gNB 106 via a data communications network.
[0093] Uu Interface (120) is the radio link between the NR UE and NR gNB, which is compliant to the 5G NR specification.
[0094] UEs 101 can be dispersed throughout wireless communication network , and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE includes: an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE can also include be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a drone, a robot / robotic device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, medical equipment, a healthcare device, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet, etc. ) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, a satellite radio, etc. ) , industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system (GPS) device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. UEs can include UEs considered as machine-type communication (MTC) UEs or enhanced / evolved MTC (eMTC) UEs. MTC / eMTC UEs that can be implemented as IoT UEs. IoT UEs include, for example, robots / robotic devices, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, cameras, location tags, etc., that can communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., remote device) , or some other entity. A wireless node can provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.
[0095] One or more UEs 101 in the wireless communication network (e.g., an LTE network) can be a narrowband bandwidth UE. As used herein, devices with limited communication resources, e.g. smaller bandwidth, are considered as narrowband UEs. Similarly, legacy devices, such as legacy and / or advanced UEs (e.g., in LTE) can be considered as wideband UEs. Wideband UEs are generally understood as devices that use greater amounts of bandwidth than narrowband UEs.
[0096] The UEs 101 are configured to connect, for example, communicatively couple, with an or RAN. In embodiments, the RAN may be an NG RAN or a 5G RAN, an E-UTRAN, an MF RAN, or a legacy RAN, such as a UTRAN or GERAN. The term “NG RAN” or the like refers to a RAN 110 that operates in an NR or 5G system, the term “E-UTRAN” or the like refers to a RAN that operates in an LTE or 4G system, and the term “MF RAN” or the like refers to a RAN that operates in an MF system 100. The UEs 101 utilize connections (or channels) , respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer. The connections and may can comprise several different physical DL channels and several different physical UL channels. As examples, the physical DL channels include the PDSCH, PMCH, PDCCH, EPDCCH, MPDCCH, R-PDCCH, SPDCCH, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH, NPBCH, NPDCCH, NPDSCH, and / or any other physical DL channels mentioned herein. As examples, the physical UL channels include the PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH, SPUCCH, NPRACH, NPUSCH, and / or any other physical UL channels mentioned herein.
[0097] The RAN can include one or more AN nodes or RAN nodes. These access nodes can be referred to as BS, gNBs, RAN nodes, eNBs, NodeBs, RSUs, MF-APs, TRxPs or TRPs, and so forth, and comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell) . The term “NG RAN node” or the like refers to a RAN node that operates in an NR or 5G system (e.g., a gNB) , and the term “E-UTRAN node” or the like refers to a RAN node that operates in an LTE or 4G system (e.g., an eNB) . According to various embodiments, the RAN nodes can be implemented as one or more of a dedicated physical device such as a macrocell base station, and / or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells.
[0098] In some embodiments, all or parts of the RAN nodes can be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN and / or a vBBU. In these embodiments, the CRAN or vBBU may implement a RAN function split, such as a PDCP split wherein RRC and PDCP layers are operated by the CRAN / vBBU and other L2 protocol entities are operated by individual RAN nodes; a MAC / PHY split wherein RRC, PDCP, RLC, and MAC layers are operated by the CRAN / vBBU and the PHY layer is operated by individual RAN nodes; or a “lower PHY” split wherein RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC layers and upper portions of the PHY layer are operated by the CRAN / vBBU and lower portions of the PHY layer are operated by individual RAN nodes. This virtualized framework allows the freed-up processor cores of the RAN nodes to perform other virtualized applications. In some implementations, an individual RAN node can represent individual gNB-DUs that are connected to a gNB-CU via individual F1 interfaces. In these implementations, the gNB-DUs may include one or more remote radio heads (RRH) , and the gNB-CU may be operated by a server that is located in the RAN or by a server pool in a similar manner as the CRAN / vBBU. One or more of the RAN nodes can be next generation eNBs (ng-eNBs) , which are RAN nodes that provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UEs 101, and are connected to a 5GC via an NG interface. In MF implementations, the MF-APs are entities that provide MultiFire radio services, and may be similar to eNBs in an 3GPP architecture.
[0099] In some implementations, access to a wireless interface can be scheduled, wherein a scheduling entity (e.g.: BS, gNB, etc. ) allocates bandwidth resources for devices and equipment within its service area or cell. As scheduling entity can be configured to schedule, assign, reconfigure, and release resources for one or more subordinate entities. In some examples, a UE 101 (or other device) may function as master node scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more secondary node subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs 101) . Thus, in a wireless communication network with a scheduled access to time-frequency resources and having a cellular configuration, a P2P configuration, and a mesh configuration, a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.
[0100] BS or gNB may be equipped with T antennas and UE 101 may be equipped with R antennas, where in general T≥1 and R≥1. At BS, a transmit processor is configured to receive data from a data source for one or more UEs 101 and select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 101. The BS is configured to process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE 101 based on the MCS (s) selected for the UE 101, and provide data symbols for all UEs. A transmit processor is also configured to process system information (e.g., for static resource partitioning information (SRPI) , etc. ) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc. ) and can provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Processor 108 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor can be configured perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, andcan be configured to provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) . Each modulator can be configured to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator can further be configured to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators can be transmitted via T antennas.
[0101] An overview of 5G NR Stacks is as follows. 5G NR (New Radio) user and control plane functions with monolithic gNB (gNodeB) are shown in the figures below. For the user plane, PHY (physical) , MAC (Medium Access Control) , RLC (Radio Link Control) , PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) and SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) sublayers are terminated in the gNB on the network side. For the control plane, RRC (Radio Resource Control) , PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY sublayers are terminated in the gNB on the network side and NAS (Non-Access Stratum) is terminated in the AMF (Access Mobility Function) on the network side. FIG. 2 shows an example of a User Plane Stack as descried in 3GPP TS 38.300. FIG. 3 shows an example of a Control Plane Stack as described in 3GPP TS 38.300.
[0102] An NG-RAN (NG-Radio Access Network) architecture from 3GPP TS 38.401 is described below. F1 is the interface between gNB-CU (gNB –Centralized Unit) and gNB-DU (gNB –Distributed Unit) , NG is the interface between gNB-CU (or gNB) and 5GC (5G Core) , E1 is the interface between CU-CP (CU-Control Plane) and CU-UP (CU-User Plane) , and Xn is interface between gNBs.
[0103] A gNB may consist of a gNB-CU-CP, multiple gNB-CU-UPs and multiple gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU-CP is connected to the gNB-DU through the F1-C interface and to the gNB-CU-UP through the E1 interface. The gNB-CU-UP is connected to the gNB-DU through the F1-U interface and to the gNB-CU-CP through the E1 interface. One gNB-DU is connected to only one gNB-CU-CP and one gNB-CU-UP is connected to only one gNB-CU-CP. FIG. 4 shows an example of an NG-RAN Architecture as described in 3GPP TS 38.501. FIG. 5 shows an example of a Separation of CU-CP (CU-Control Plane) and CU-UP (CU-User Plane) as described in 3GPP TS 38.401.
[0104] A Layer 2 (L2) of 5G NR is split into the following sublayers is described in 3GPP TS 38.300) :
[0105] ○ Medium Access Control (MAC) : The MAC sublayer offers Logical Channels (LCs) to the RLC sublayer. This layer runs a MAC scheduler to schedule radio resources across different LCs (and their associated radio bearers) .
[0106] ○ Radio Link Control (RLC) : The RLC sublayer offers RLC channels to the PDCP sublayer. The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: RLC-Transparent Mode (RLC-TM) , RLC-Unacknowledged Mode (RLC-UM) and RLC-Acknowledgement Mode (RLC-AM) . RLC configuration is per logical channel. It hosts ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) protocol for RLC-AM mode.
[0107] ○ Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) : The PDCP sublayer offers Radio Bearers (RBs) to the SDAP sublayer. There are two types of Radio Bearers: Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) for data and Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) for control plane.
[0108] ○ Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) : The SDAP offers QoS Flows to the 5GC (5G Core) . This sublayer provides mapping between a QoS flow and a DRB. It marks QoS Flow Id in DL (downlink) as well as UL (uplink packets) .
[0109] FIG. 6 shows a DL (Downlink) Layer 2 Structure as described in 3GPP TS 38.300. FIG. 7 shows an UL (uplink) Layer 2 Structure in accord with 3GPP TS38.300. FIG. 8 shows an L2 Data Flow example in accord with 3GPP TS 38.300 (H denotes headers or subheaders in FIG. 17) .
[0110] O-RAN, which is based on disaggregated components and connected through open and standardized interfaces is based on 3GPP NG-RAN. An overview of O-RAN with disaggregated RAN (CU, DU, and RU) , near-real-time RIC and non-real-time RIC is shown in the figure below. Here, DU (Distributed Unit) and CU (Centralized Unit) are typically implemented using COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf) hardware.
[0111] FIGS. 9A-9B shows and example of an O-RAN architecture. In FIG. 9A, the CU and the DU are connected using the F1 interface (with F1-C for control plane and F1-U for user plane traffic) over the midhaul (MH) path. One DU could host multiple cells (for example, one DU could host 24 cells) and each cell may support many users. For example, one cell may support 600 RRC Connected users and out of these 600, there may be 200 Active users (i.e.; users which have data to send at a given point of time) .
[0112] A cell site could consist of multiple sectors and each sector may support multiple cells. For example, one site could consist of three sectors and each sector could support 8 cells (with 8 cells in each sector on different frequency bands) . One CU-CP could support multiple DUs and thus multiple cells. For example, a CU-CP could support 1000 cells and around 100, 000 UEs. Each UE could support multiple DRBs and there could be multiple instances of CU-UP to serve these DRBs. For example, each UE could support 4 DRBs, and 400, 000 DRBs (corresponding to 100, 000 UEs) may be served by five CU-UP instances (and one CU-CP instance) .
[0113] DU can be located in a private data center or it could be located at a cell-site too. CU can also be located in a private data center or even hosted on a public cloud system. DU and CU could be tens of kilometers away. CU can communicate with 5G core system which could also be hosted in the same public cloud system (or could be hosted by a different cloud provider) . RU (Radio Unit) is located at cell-site and communicated with DU via a fronthaul (FH) interface.
[0114] The E2 nodes (CU and DU) are connected to the near-real-time RIC using the E2 interface. The E2 interface is used to send data (e.g., user, cell, slice KPMs) from the RAN, and deploy control actions and policies to the RAN at near-real-time RIC. The application or service at the near-real-time RIC that deploys the control actions and policies to the RAN are called xApps. The near-real-time RIC is connected to the non-real-time RIC using the A1 interface.
[0115] SMO manages multiple regional networks, and O-RAN NFs (O-CUs, Near-RT RIC, O-DUs) can be deployed in regional data center which is connected to multiple cell sites or in cell site which is close to localized O-RU according to network requirements. Since SMO Functions and O-RAN NFs are micro services and deployment-independent logical functions, SMO Functions and O-RAN NFs can be composed of multiple deployment instances deployed in the same O-Cloud or in a different O-Cloud in regional data center, or in cell site according to network requirements (ex. capacity, latency, security…) if the secure connection among SMO Functions and O-RAN NFs are available.
[0116] As shown in FIG. 9B, an O-RAN compliant SMO defines TE&IV, RAN NF OAM, Non-RT RIC, and NFO, FOCOM services. SMO interacts with O-RAN NFs with O1 interface. SMO interacts with O-RU with Open FH M-Plane interface and interacts O-Cloud via the O2 interface. O-RAN NF OAM manages O-RAN NF CM, FM, PM and creates O-RAN NF inventory and topology in TE&IV. FOCOM / NFO manages O-Cloud resources and creates O-Cloud resources inventory and topology in TE&IV. Analytics / rApp in Non-RT RIC can subscribe O-RAN NFs PM / FM, O-Cloud PM / FM data based on O-RAN NF OAM an FOCOM / NFO. Analytics / rApp in Non-RT RIC can retrieve the O-RAN NF and O-Cloud resource inventory and topology.
[0117] An E-UTRAN architecture is illustrated in FIG. 10. The E-UTRAN comprises of eNBs, providing the E-UTRA U-plane (PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE. The eNBs are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface. The eNBs are also connected by means of the S1 interface to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core) , more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) by means of the S1-MME interface and to the Serving Gateway (S-GW) by means of the S1-U interface. The S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation between MMEs / Serving Gateways and eNBs.
[0118] E-UTRAN also supports MR-DC via E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) , in which a UE is connected to one eNB that acts as a MN and one en-gNB that acts as a SN. An EN-DC architecture is illustrated in FIG. 11. The eNB is connected to the EPC via the S1 interface and to the en-gNB via the X2 interface. The en-gNB might also be connected to the EPC via the S1-U interface and other en-gNBs via the X2-U interface. In EN-DC, and en-gNB comprises gNB-CU and gNB-DU (s) .
[0119] E-UTRAN also supports and NG-RAN architecture. An NG-RAN node is either:
[0120] a gNB, providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE; or
[0121] an ng-eNB, providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE. (3GPP TS 38.300 17.3.0. )
[0122] As shown in FIGS. 10-11, the gNBs and ng-eNBs are interconnected with each other by means of the Xn interface. The gNBs and ng-eNBs are also connected by means of the NG interfaces to the 5GC, more specifically to the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) by means of the NG-C interface and to the UPF (User Plane Function) by means of the NG-U interface. The gNB and ng-eNB host functions for Radio Resource Management such as: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink (scheduling) , connection setup and release; session Management; QoS Flow management and mapping to data radio bearers; Dual Connectivity. Tight interworking between NR and E-UTRA. NB-IoT UE is supported by ng-eNB.
[0123] The gNB and ng-eNB host functions such as functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink (scheduling) , connection setup and release; session Management; QoS Flow management and mapping to data radio bearers; Dual Connectivity; Tight interworking between NR and E-UTRA. NB-IoT UE is supported by ng-eNB.
[0124] In an example, control information (e.g., scheduling information) may be provided for broadcast and / or multicast operation. The UE may monitor different bundle sizes for the control channel depending on the maximum number of repetitions.
[0125] Interoperability with different RUs is becoming a big bottleneck because of not having proper exchange of common beamforming weights and related parameters in a specification. A common beam, also called “coarse beams” , is a set of predefined beams, which cover a whole cell. They are primarily used for downlink cell-specific transmissions, e.g., SSB, SIBs, 2 / 4 / 32-port CSI-RS, DL / UL control channel transmission and reception, DL / UL common beam SU-MIMO, PRACH.
[0126] As the common beam provides cell level coverage, the radiation pattern depends on the antenna array design / geometry / characteristics and other RU specific factors.
[0127] As of the present disclosure, there no proper mechanism for exchanging beamforming weights and other beamforming related parameters from an RU in either 3GPP or ORAN specifications. Because of this there is always an interoperability related issues between a RU and a DU during the integration.
[0128] Currently in ORAN M-plane specification O-RAN. WG4. MP. 0-R003-v13.00, there is procedure in which a RU can send BFWs files and RAN can activate and process the weights accordingly and send it back to the RU via the M-plane. However, a challenge is that the RU receiver does not know format of that file, which can be in any format (e.g.: python, xml, plain text, and so on) . A SMO (Service Management and Orchestration) layer can have one or more algorithms to understand the formats and overwrite the weights accordingly. Also, the beamforming information / contents that are defined the file is also not available.
[0129] The DU and RU can communicate, and the RU can manually share the beamforming information in some document or excel file to the DU, which then uses the relevant information accordingly.
[0130] The problem with the current procedure exchange of beamforming information that is causes interoperability issues with different RUs. Because 3GPP or ORAN specifications do not explicitly specify what entity provides the beamforming information or how DU and RU are going to exchange. Common beam provides sector coverage, and the radiation pattern depends on the antenna array design / geometry / characteristics and other RU specific factors.
[0131] As such, described is a method of exchanging beamforming weight information and related parameters by an RU configured send to support beams with specific beam indices via the M-plane to the SMO, which can be used by SMO / L1 layer for further processing.
[0132] FIG. 12 shows a flow for an RU to exchange beamforming weight information via the M-plane to an SMO. At block 1, the O-RU uploads a beamforming weight file with a predetermined format to SMO. At block 2, the SMO is configured to edit beamforming weight file in a predefined format. At block 3, the O-RU downloads beamforming weight file with the predefined format from the SMO. At block 4, the DU deactivates carriers. At block 5, the SMO applies the new beamforming weight file on the O-RU via a file transfer (e.g.: via a File Transfer Protocol or SSH File Transfer Protocol) . At block 6, the O-DU activates carriers.
[0133] Below is given an example of standard beamforming weight information format to be included in a specification. This includes 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 / 32port-CSI-RS beam sections, port information, beamids, BFW IQ floating point values, downtilt / uptilt, horizontaltilt, elevation beamwidth, azimuth beamwidth, and so on, as given below.
[0134] RU can be configured to provide these parameters information via M-plane as RU capability information, and from that DU is configured to extract the parameters to be used. This simplifies the exchange of beamforming information and solve the interoperability issues between DU and RU.
[0135] It will be understood that implementations and embodiments can be implemented by computer program instructions. These program instructions can be provided to a processor to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute on the processor, create means for implementing the actions specified herein. The computer program instructions can be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions, which execute on the processor to provide steps for implementing the actions specified. Moreover, some of the steps can also be performed across more than one processor, such as might arise in a multi-processor computer system or even a group of multiple computer systems. In addition, one or more blocks or combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration can also be performed concurrently with other blocks or combinations of blocks, or even in a different sequence than illustrated without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Claims
1.A method comprising:uploading, from an O-RU, beamforming weight file having a predefined format to an SMO server via an M-Plane;editing, by the SMO server, the beamforming weight file in the predefined format;downloading, by the O-RU, the beamforming weight file from the SMO server;deactivating carriers by the DU;applying, by the SMO server, the new beamforming weight file at the O-RU; andactivating, by the DU, the carriers.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the beamforming weight file includes information including at least one of:antenna number 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 port-CSI-RS beam sections, port information, beam ids, BFW IQ floating point values, downtilt / uptilt, horizontaltilt, elevation beamwidth, and azimuth beamwidth.3.A Service Management Organization (SMO) server of a RAN system configured to:upload beamforming weight file having a predefined format;edit the beamforming weight file in the predefined format;download the formatted beamforming weight file to a Radio Unit RU; and,after a Distributed Unit (DU) has deactivated carriers, apply the beamforming from the formatted beamforming weight file at the RU.4.The SMO server of claim 3, wherein the beamforming weight file includes information including at least one of: antenna number 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 port-CSI-RS beam sections, port information, beam ids, BFW IQ floating point values, downtilt / uptilt, horizontaltilt, elevation beamwidth, and azimuth beamwidth.5.A RAN system comprising:a Service Management Organization (SMO) configured to edit a beamforming weight file in a predefined format;a Radio Unit (RU) configured to at leastupload a beamforming weight file having the predefined format to the Service Management Organization (SMO) via an M-Plane; anddownload and apply an edited beamforming weight file from the SMO; anda Distributed Unit (DU) being configured to deactivate carriers before the SMO applies the edited beamforming weight file at the RU and reactivate the carriers after the beamforming weights have been applied.6.The system of claim 5, wherein the beamforming weight file includes information including at least one of: antenna number 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 port-CSI-RS beam sections, port information, beam ids, BFW IQ floating point values, downtilt / uptilt, horizontaltilt, elevation beamwidth, and azimuth beamwidth.
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