Carrier wave node management in a-IOT system
By determining time windows for A-IoT communication and configuring devices for carrier wave transmission, the method addresses interference management in A-IoT systems, improving communication quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/116980
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing carrier wave nodes in Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) systems, particularly in enhancing interference management across various topologies, which affects communication quality and efficiency.
A first device determines specific time windows for A-IoT communication to gather information about second devices, configures these devices for carrier wave transmission, and transmits these configurations to third devices, thereby managing interference and improving communication quality and efficiency.
This approach allows for simultaneous estimation of multiple interference sources, reducing interference and enhancing communication quality and efficiency in A-IoT systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024116980_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CARRIER WAVE NODE MANAGEMENT IN A-IOT SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to carrier wave (CW) node management in an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. In this case, the wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a BS. In Topology 3, the A-IoT device communicates uidirectionally with a BS and communicates uidirectionally with an assisting node. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE. However, some transmission enhancements in the A-IoT system, especially, enhancements on the CW node management considering one or more of the above topologies, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support CW node management in an A-IoT system. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to support simultaneous estimation of multiple interference sources, and thus reduce the interference and further improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to: determine at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determine, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; and transmit the set of first configurations to the set of second devices.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first device. The method comprises: determining at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determine, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; and transmit the set of first configurations to the set of second devicess.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determine, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; and transmit the set of first configurations to the set of second devices.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the first information may comprise an interference level associated with a second device of the set of second devices, or a distance level associated with a second device of the set of second devices. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the second information comprises a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a transmission backscattered on a carrier wave provided by a second device of the set of second devices.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include transmitting, to a fourth device or a respective second device of the set of second devices, a second configuration comprising one of the following: a frequency resource for the respective second device to transmit a carrier wave; a power level for the respective second device to transmit a carrier wave; the first time window; or the second time window. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the set of second devices may comprise a plurality of second devices, and different devices of the plurality of second devices may be configured with different frequency resources. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the set of second devices may comprise a plurality of second devices, and the plurality of second devices may be configured with a same power level to transmit a carrier wave.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, one of the first information or the second information may be determined by the first device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, one of the first information or the second information may be determined by the fourth device and received from the fourth device.
[0011] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include transmitting, to the set of third devices, a first indication to keep muted within the first time window.
[0012] Some implementations of the method and the first device described herein may further include transmitting to, a third device of the set of third devices, a second indication to backscatter a transmission within the second time window.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a first configuration of the set of first working configurations comprises one of the following: power on; power off; or power level adjustment.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a first configuration of the set of first configurations or the second configuration may be carried via one of the following: downlink control information (DCI) ; a medium access control (MAC CE) ; or a radio resource control (RRC) signaling; or sidelink control information (SCI) .
[0015] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the first device may comprise a base station (BS) or a user equipment (UE) . In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a second device of the set of second devices may comprise a carrier wave node. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, a third device of the set of third devices may comprise an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the fourth device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.
[0016] In some implementations, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to: transmit a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; and receive, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device.
[0017] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second device. The method comprises: transmitting a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; and receiving, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device.
[0018] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; and receive, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and the second device described herein may further include receiving, from the first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of the following: a frequency resource for the second device to transmit the carrier wave; a power level for the second device to transmit the carrier wave; the first time window; or the second time window.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, wherein the first configuration comprises one of the following: power on; power off; or power level adjustment.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, one of the first configuration or the second configuration may be carried via one of the following: downlink control information (DCI) ; a medium access control (MAC CE); or a radio resource control (RRC) signaling; or sidelink control information (SCI) .
[0022] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the first device comprises a base station (BS) or a user equipment (UE) . In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the second device comprises a carrier wave node. In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the fourth device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.
[0023] In some implementations, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third device to: perform at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window, backscatter the transmission within the second time window.
[0024] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the third device. The method comprises: performing at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window, backscatter the transmission within the second time window.
[0025] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: perform at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window, backscatter the transmission within the second time window.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, one of the first indication or the second indication may be received from a first device or a fourth device.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the first device may comprise a base station (BS) or a user equipment (UE) . In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the third device may comprise an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device. In some implementations of the method and the third device described herein, the fourth device may comprise one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.
[0028] In some implementations, there is provided a fourth device. The fourth device comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the fourth device to: receive, from a first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determine at least one of the first information or the second information; and transmit, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.
[0029] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the fourth device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a first configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determining at least one of the first information or the second information; and transmitting, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.
[0030] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first device, a first configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; determine at least one of the first information or the second information; and transmit, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the first information may comprise an interference level associated with a second device of the set of second devices, or a distance level associated with a second device of the set of second devices. In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the second information may comprise a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a transmission backscattered on a carrier wave provided by a second device of the set of second devices.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the second configuration may further comprise a frequency resource for a second device of the set of second devices to transmit a carrier wave. In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the set of second devices comprise a plurality of second devices, and different devices of the plurality of second devices may be configured with different frequency resources. In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the set of second devices comprise a plurality of second devices, and the plurality of second devices may be configured with a same power level to transmit a carrier wave.
[0033] Some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein may further include transmitting, to a set of third devices, a first indication to keep muted within the first time window.
[0034] Some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein may further include transmitting, to a third device of a set of third devices, a second indication to backscatter a transmission within the second time window.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the second configuration may be carried via one of the following: downlink control information (DCI) ; a medium access control (MAC CE) ; or a radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the first device comprises a base station (BS) or a user equipment (UE) . In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, a second device of the set of second devices comprises a carrier wave node. In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, a third device of the set of third devices comprises an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device. In some implementations of the method and the fourth device described herein, the fourth device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIGS. 1F and 1G illustrate example interference scenarios associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 1H illustrates example interference associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 1I illustrates another example of a wireless communications system associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example process flows in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIGS. 3A illustrates example frequency resources in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 3B illustrates example estimation results within estimation windows in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0050] FIGS. 6 through 9 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0053] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0054] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0055] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0056] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0057] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0058] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0059] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0060] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhance machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0061] As used herein, the term “device-to-reader (D2R) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by an A-IoT device and transmitted to a reader (such as a BS, an intermediate node, an assisting node, or a UE) . As used herein, the term “D2R reception” refers to a reception at a reader of a D2R transmission from an A-IoT device. As used herein, the term “reader-to–device (R2D) transmission” refers to a transmission initiated by a reader and transmitted to an A-IoT device. As used herein, the term “reader-to–device (R2D) reception” refers to a reception at an A-IoT device of an R2D transmission from a reader.
[0062] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0063] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0064] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0065] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0066] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0067] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0068] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0069] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0070] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0071] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0073] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0074] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0076] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0078] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0079] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0081] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0082] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0083] Reference is made to FIGS. 1B to 1E to give example illustrations of the above Topologies 1 to 4. Reference is first made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 1, an A-IoT device 121 communicates with a BS 122 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the BS 122 and the A-IoT device 121 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes a possibility of a transmission from the BS 122 to the A-IoT device 121 and a different possibility of a transmission from the A-IoT device 121 to the BS 122.
[0084] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 132 between the A-IoT device 131 and BS 133. In this topology, the intermediate node 132 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node 132 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the BS 133 and the A-IoT device 131.
[0085] Topology 3 may comprise two topology types, i.e., Topology 3A and Topology 3B. FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with a topology type of 3B associated with aspects of the present disclosure. In Topology 3B, an A-IoT device 141 receives data / signalling from a BS 142 and transmits data / signalling to an assisting node 143. In this topology, the assisting node 143 may be a relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. For Topology 3A, the example illustration of FIG. 1D also applies, only with the difference that it has the opposite direction of the A-IoT data / signaling. In Topology 3A, an A-IoT device 141 transmits data / signalling to a BS 142, and receives data / signalling from an assisting node 143.
[0086] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 4 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1E, in Topology 4, an A-IoT device 151 communicates bidirectionally with a UE 152. The communication between the UE 152 and the A-IoT device 151 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling.
[0087] The above communicate devices involved in Topologies 1 to 4 with reference to FIG. 1B to FIG. 1E may be implemented by devices involved in the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the BS 122, the BS 133, or the BS 142 may be implemented by the BS 102 in FIG. 1A. For example, the BS intermediate node 132 (when implemented by a UE) , the assisting node 143 (when implemented by a UE) , or the UE 152 may be implemented by the UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0088] In release 19 (Rel-19) , a new study item (SID) on A-IoT was approved, which includes the study objective of necessary and feasible solutions for A-IoT as follows:
[0089] For typical use cases of an A-IoT system, for example, asset identification, it is required to accommodate a huge number of A-IoT devices in a large-scale range with seamless coverage. In this case, the lack of interference handling (IH) results in severe interference to readers / devices, capacity problems, and latency problems, especially in the case of dense-reader deployment. Therefore, an interference handling scheme is needed for an A-IoT system.
[0090] In an A-IoT system, backscattering transmission with no independent signal generation / amplification is applied to an A-IoT device. To support backscattering transmission, the A-IoT device may be provided with a CW from a certain CW source (i.e., a CW node) . Considering which node will act as a CW source, each topology (such as Topology 1, Topology 2, or Topology 4) may involve different interference scenarios. The interference scenarios dominate the design of interference handling, including interference types, interference measurement and identification, resource allocation, procedure and signaling, and so on.
[0091] Example interference scenarios in Topologies 1, 2, and 4 will be discussed respectively. Reference is first made to FIG. 1F to show example interference scenarios in Topology 1. As illustrated in FIG. 1F, the A-IoT device 161 directly and bidirectionally communicates with the BS 162. Considering which node provides a CW to the A-IoT device 161 during a D2R transmission, interference scenarios in Topology 1 may be further divided into interference scenario case 1-1, interference scenario case 1-2, and interference scenario case 1-4.
[0092] For the both interference scenario cases 1-1 and 1-2, the BS 162 transmits the CW to the A-IoT device 161, using a downlink (DL) spectrum and an uplink (UL) spectrum respectively. In these interference scenario cases, self-interference suppression is needed for the BS 162, such that the hardware complexity of the BS 162 needs to be increased.
[0093] For the interference scenario case 1-4, the CW is provided by the CW node (also referred to as CWN) 163 separated from the BS 162, and the BS 162 may perform a D2R reception. Meanwhile, the signal from the CWN 163 may reach the BS 162, and thus cross link interference from the CWN 163 to the BS 162 during the D2R transmission may need to be solved. Compared to the interference scenario cases 1-1 and 1-2, the interference scenario case 1-4 may be preferred to be studied from the hardware complexity point of view.
[0094] FIG. 1G illustrates example interference scenarios in Topology 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1G, the A-IoT device 171 communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node (IN) 172 between the A-IoT device 171 and the BS 173. In this topology, the IN 172 can be a relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. The IN 172 transfers A-IoT data and / or signaling between the BS 173 and the A-IoT device 191. Considering which node provides a CW to A-IoT device 171 during a D2R transmission, interference scenarios in Topology 2 may also be further divided into interference scenario case 2-1, interference scenario case 2-3, and interference scenario case 2-4.
[0095] For the interference scenario case 2-2, self-interference suppression is needed for the IN 172, such that the hardware complexity of the IN 172 increases due to a similar reason as discussed above for the interference scenario case 1-1. For the interference scenario cases 2-3 and 2-4, cross link interference from the CWN 174 is suffered by the IN 172 during receiving the D2R transmission from the A-IoT device 171. In the interference scenario case 2-3, since the DL spectrum is applied for the D2R transmission, the IN 172 may also suffer interference from the BS 173 during the D2R transmission. Compared to the interference scenario case 2-2, the interference scenario case 2-4 may be preferred to be studied from the hardware complexity point of view. Compared to the interference scenario case 2-3, the interference scenario case 2-4 suffers less interference.
[0096] For the interference scenario case 2-4, the CW on the UL spectrum is provided by the CWN 174 separated from the IN 172, and the IN 172 may perform D2R reception. Meanwhile, the signal from the CWN 174 may reach the IN 172, and thus cross link interference from the CWN 174 to the IN 172 during the D2R transmission may need to be decreased.
[0097] Likewise, considering which node provides a CW to the A-IoT device during a D2R transmission, interference scenarios in Topology 4 may be similar to the interference scenarios in Topology 2, only with the difference that there is no BS in Topology 4.
[0098] In view of the above, it can be seen that if a CW transmission and a backscatter transmission simultaneously reach the same band at the same reader (for example, the BS for Topology 1, the IN for Topology 2, or the UE for Topology 4) , cross link interference to the reader needs to be handled.
[0099] Inventors notice that a potential solution for solving the cross link interference suffered by the reader in the above interference scenario case 1-4 in topology 1, the interference scenario case 2-4 in topology 2, and the similar interference scenario in topology 4, is to select suitable serving CW node (s) for an A-IoT device. Taking the interference scenario case 2-4 as an example to discuss, FIG. 1H illustrates example interference on the IN from different CW nodes. As shown in FIG. 1H, the CWN 181 and CWN 182 may cause interference to the IN 183. Assuming that both the CWN 181 and the CWN 182 provide a CW with a similar signal strength to the A-IoT device 184 due to the same power level and similar path loss to the A-IoT device 184, compared to the CWN 181, the CWN 182 provides lower interference to the IN 183 due to larger path loss. That is to say, better reception performance is obtained by the IN 183 by applying the CWN 182, rather than the CWN 181, to provide a CW to the A-IoT 184.
[0100] It can be seen that for a given reader (for example, the BS for Topology 1, the IN for Topology 2, or the UE for Topology 4) , how to select a CW node that provides sufficient CW signal strength for a D2R transmission while decreasing the interference from the CW node to the reader at the same time is still a problem to be solved.
[0101] Inventors further notice that to select a proper (i.e., suitable) CW node for a pair of a D2R transmitter (i.e., an A-IoT device) and a D2R receiver (i.e., a reader) , a key issue is to identify the CW signal strength provided to the A-IoT device and the interference put on the reader from the CW node. A solution is to estimate an interference measurement reference signal (IM-RS) with an interference source identifier (ID) . However, the measurement efficiency of this solution will be decreased along with the increased number of CW nodes within the A-IoT system, since each time only one interference source can be estimated. Thus, this method is only suitable for the scenario distributed with a small number of CW nodes. In view of the above, there is still a need to consider an enhanced mechanism to improve the performance of the D2R reception at the reader, especially considering a dense-CWN deployment (i.e., with a large number of CW nodes) .
[0102] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for CW node management in an A-IoT system. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device determines at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication. The first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices. Moreover, the first device determines, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices. Moreover, the first device transmits the set of first configurations to the set of second devices.
[0103] To determine the set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a CW based on the first information and / or the second information, it is necessary to support simultaneous estimation of multiple interference sources, that is, efficient interference source determination. In this way, it is possible to improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0104] FIG. 1I illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 190 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1I, the wireless communications system 190 may comprise a BS 191, a communication device 192, a set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N (where N represents any suitable positive integer) , and a set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M (where M represents any suitable positive integer) .
[0105] In some embodiments for Topology 1, the BS 191 may communicate with the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N directly, and the set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may provide a CW to the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N. In this case, the communication device 192 may not be present in the wireless communications system 190. The set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may cause interference to the BS 191.
[0106] In some embodiments for Topology 2, the BS 191 may communicate with the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N via the communication device 192, and in this case, the communication device 192 may also be referred to as the intermediate node 192. The intermediate node 192 may comprise a relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc. The set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may provide a CW to the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N. The set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may cause interference to the intermediate node 192.
[0107] In some embodiments for Topology 4, the communication device 192 may communicate with the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N directly, and in this case, the communication device 192 may comprise a UE. The set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may provide a CW to the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N. The set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may cause interference to the communication device 192. In this case, the BS 191 may not be present in the wireless communications system 190.
[0108] One or more of the BS 191, the communication device 192, the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N, and the set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M may communicate with one or more further devices not shown in FIG. 1I.
[0109] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1I is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communications system 190 may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0110] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example process flows in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference is first made to FIG. 2A. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1I. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The process 200 may involve the first BS 201, the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, and the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. The first BS 201 may be implemented by the BS 191 or the communication device (such as a UE) 192 as shown in FIG. 1I, the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be implemented by the set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M as shown in FIG. 1I, and the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N may be implemented by the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N as shown in FIG. 1I. In the embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by BS 191, the process 200 may apply to Topology 1. In the embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by the UE 192, the process 200 may apply to Topology 2 or 4.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 2A, the first device 201 determines (204) at least one of a first time window (also referred to as a first estimation window in the time domain) related to A-IoT communication or a second time window (also referred to as a second estimation window in the time domain) related to A-IoT communication. The first time window and the second time window may have different purposes. The first time window may be used for determining first information associated with the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. The second time window may be used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. The set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be determined by the first device 201. One or more of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be configured to provide a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N performing a D2R transmission to the first device 201.
[0112] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise an interference level (i.e., a CW signal strength) associated with a second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, that is, an interference level (i.e., a CW signal strength) from a second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M) . In this case, the first time window determined by the first device 201 may be used to estimate a set of signal strengths from the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M to the first device 201 respectively.
[0113] In some other embodiments, the first information may comprise a distance level associated with a second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, that is, a distance level of a second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M relative to the first device 201. In other words, the estimation results in the first time window may be expressed in terms of different distance levels from the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M to the first device 201 respectively. The distance level of a corresponding second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M relative to the first device 201 may be obtained based on the interference level (i.e., the CW signal strength) from the corresponding second device to the first device 201. As an example implementation, given a pre-defined threshold (for example, named STH) of signal strength, a corresponding second device may be determined to be in the first distance level relative to (or close to) the first device 201 if the estimated interference level of the corresponding second device is equal to or higher than the pre-defined threshold; otherwise, the corresponding second device may be determined to be in the second distance level relative to (or far away from) the first device 201. Alternatively or additionally, if there are more thresholds of signal strength, the classification number of determined distance levels may increase.
[0114] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise an SINR of a transmission backscattered on a CW provided by a second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. In this case, the second time window determined by the first device 201 may be used for estimating a set of SINRs of a set of D2R transmissions backscattered on a set of CWs (also referred to as a set of CW signals) from the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M.
[0115] Introducing the above two estimation windows may be under the following considerations. Although single second information, such as an SINR, is related to both the signal and the interference, one estimation result may only reflect such information from a pair of an estimated device (i.e., a corresponding third device) and a corresponding second device. To reflect the interference from the corresponding second device to the first device 201 serving different A-IoT devices in a large-scale range, multiple estimations toward different A-IoT devices are needed and thus increase the consumption in terms of both energy and time greatly. Combined the second information with the first information (such as interference (or distance) information) , the estimation results determined within the first time window and the second time window can make a CW selection determination comprehensively while decreasing the estimation consumption.
[0116] As shown in FIG. 2A, the first device 201 may transmit (205) a configuration (also referred to as a second configuration) for estimation to a respective second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. The second configuration may comprise one or more of the following: a frequency resource (also referred to as a frequency unit) for the respective second device to transmit a CW, a power level for the respective second device to transmit a CW, the first time window, or the second time window. In this case, the second configuration may be transmitted to each of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. In the example embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by the BS 191, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of a DCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a downlink transmission. In the example embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by the UE 192, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of an SCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a sidelink transmission.
[0117] In some implementations, the frequency resource for the respective second device may be in units of resource blocks (RBs) . For example, if the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M comprise a plurality of second devices, different devices of the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be configured with different frequency resources. In other words, each second device of the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be allocated with a frequency resource different from any other second device of the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M. In this case, different interference sources (i.e., different second devices of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M) may be identified via different frequency resources, such that it is allowed to differentiate one interference source from the others. FIG. 3A illustrates example frequency resources in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In this case, the number of the of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be assumed to be four, and thus example frequency resources for four second devices are shown in FIG, 3A. As shown in FIG. 3A, four frequency resources (for example, in units of RBs) labeled from F1 to F4 are allocated to the four second devices, i.e., CWN1 to CWN4, respectively.
[0118] In some implementations, the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be configured with the same power level to transmit a CW. That is, the power level may be the same for all second devices within the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M.
[0119] In some embodiments, since different second devices of the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be expected to transmit a CW signal simultaneously within each allocated estimation window (i.e., the first time window or the second time window as described above) , synchronization between them may be needed. For example, the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may all synchronize with the first device 201 via Uu link, such that the plurality of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be synchronized.
[0120] In some embodiments, prior to the first time window, the first device 201 may transmit (206) , to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N, an indication (also referred to as a first indication) to keep muted within the first time window. For example, the first device 201 may perform an R2D transmission to indicate all of the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N to keep muted within the first time window. In other words, the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N may be scheduled with a measurement gap within the estimation window.
[0121] Accordingly, the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may transmit (207) CW (s) on the configured frequency resources with the configured power level within the first time window respectively. From a starting bound of the first time window, corresponding second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be triggered to transmit a CW simultaneously. All of the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N served by the first device 201 may keep (208) muted within the first time window. The first device 201 may perform an estimation on the allocated frequency resources to deduce the first information, such as a set of signal strengths (i.e., interference levels) from the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M respectively, or a set of distance levels between the first device 201 and the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M (i.e., a set of distance levels including a respective distance level of each of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M relative to the first device 201) .
[0122] In some embodiments, prior to the second time window, the first device 201 may transmit (209) to, a third device of the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N, an indication (also referred to as a second indication) to backscatter a transmission within the second time window. For example, the first device 201 may perform an R2D transmission to indicate the third device to perform backscattering D2R transmission within the second time window. The indicated third device may be scheduled to transmit a reference signal, such as a non-zero interference measurement reference signal (IM-RS) , via backscattering within the second time window. As an example, one third device may be indicated to perform the backscattering transmission.
[0123] Accordingly, the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may transmit (210) CW (s) on the configured frequency resources with the configured power level respectively within the second time window. From a starting bound of the second time window, all of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be triggered to transmit a CW simultaneously. The indicated third device may backscatter (211) a transmission (i.e., perform backscattering D2R transmission) within the second time window. The first device 201 may perform an estimation on the allocated frequency resources to deduce the second information, such as a set of SINRs of a set of D2R transmissions backscattered on a set of CWs provided by the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M respectively within the second time window.
[0124] Then, the first device 201 determines (212) , based on estimation results in the first time window and / or the second time window, such as one or more of the first information or the second information, a set of configurations (also referred to as a set of first configurations or a set of working configurations) for the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices for providing a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. For example, one or more devices of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may be determined (i.e., selected) as one or more target second devices for providing a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. As an example, the second configuration may comprise one of power on, power off, or power level adjustment. In this case, the first device 201 may determine the working configuration (i.e., power on / off or power level) for each second device for serving a certain reader (i.e., the first device 201) and A-IoT device (s) served by the reader, i.e., the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. It is to be understood that the exact method to determine which one or more second devices are selected and their working configuration (s) (such as the configured power level (s) ) to provide a CW for one or more the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N may be determined based on the implementation at the first device 201, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0125] In some implementations, the first device 201 may determine which one or more second devices provide stronger interference to the first device 201 based on the estimation results in the first time window and which one or more second devices provide a sufficient CW signal for a D2R transmission of the indicated third device based on the results in the second time window. On this basis, the first device 201 may determine which one or more second devices of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M to provide a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N based on the estimation results, that is, how to configure the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M to provide a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N based on the estimation results.
[0126] Reference is made to FIG. 3B to discuss example estimation results within the estimation windows. In this case, four second devices (i.e., CWN1 to CWN4) are considered to provide a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. As shown in FIG. 3B, the CWN2 and the CWN3 provide a CW signal stronger than the first pre-defined threshold, and the CWN2 and the CWN4 contribute an SINR higher than the second pre-defined threshold. In this case, considering that both the CWN2 and the CWN4 may provide sufficient energy for D2R transmission, and compared to the CWN2, the CWN4 provides less interference to the target reader, the CWN4 may be determined to provide a CW to the set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N. In addition, the CWN 3 may be configured to be powered off when the first device 201 performs a D2R reception, because the CWN3 cannot provide sufficient energy for the corresponding D2R transmission but puts on strong interference to the first device 201.
[0127] The first device 201 then transmit (213) the set of first configurations to the set of second devices. As an embodiment, the first device 201 may transmit the set of first configurations to each second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, for example, in a groupcast manner. As another embodiment, the first device 201 may transmit, to a respective second device of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, a first configuration of the set of first configurations associated with the respective second device. In the example embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by the BS 191, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of a DCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a downlink transmission. In the example embodiments where the first device 201 is implemented by the UE 192, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of an SCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a sidelink transmission. Accordingly, upon receiving the working configuration, a respective one of the set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M may work with the corresponding configuration, i.e., transmit a CW with the corresponding configuration.
[0128] Reference is now made to FIG. 2B. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 220 will be described with reference to FIG. 1I. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 220 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The process 220 may involve the first BS 221, the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M, the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N, and the fourth device 224. The first BS 221 may be implemented by the BS 191 as shown in FIG. 1I, the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be implemented by the set of CW nodes 194-1, …, 194-M as shown in FIG. 1I, the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N may be implemented by the set of A-IoT devices 193-1, …, 193-N as shown in FIG. 1I, and the fourth device 224 may be implemented by the intermediate node 192 as shown in FIG. 1I. The process 220 may apply to Topology 2.
[0129] As shown in FIG. 2B, the first device 221 determines (225) at least one of a first time window (also referred to as a first estimation window in the time domain) or a second time window (also referred to as a second estimation window in the time domain) . The first time window may be used for determining first information associated with the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M. The second time window may be used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M. The set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be determined by the first device 221. One or more of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be configured to provide a CW to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N transmitting a D2R to the fourth device 224 controlled by the first device 221. More other details regarding the first information and / or the second information are similar to those described above with reference to FIG. 2A. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0130] The first device 221 may transmit (226) a configuration (also referred to as a second configuration) for estimation to a respective second device of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M. The second configuration may comprise one or more of the following: a frequency resource (also referred to as a frequency unit) for the respective second device to transmit a CW, a power level for the respective second device to transmit a CW, the first time window, or the second time window. In this case, the second configuration may be transmitted to each of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M. The first device 221 may transmit (227) a configuration (also referred to as a second configuration) to the fourth device 224, and the second configuration transmitted to the fourth device 224 may comprise one or more of a frequency resource for a respective second device of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M to transmit a CW, the first time window, or the second time window. As an example implementation, the second configuration transmitted to each of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M, and / or the fourth device 224 may be carried via one or more of a DCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC in downlink transmission. In some implementations, the frequency resource for the respective second device may be in units of RBs. For example, if the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M comprise a plurality of second devices, different devices of the plurality of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be configured with different frequency resources. In some implementations, the plurality of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be configured with the same power level to transmit a CW. More other details regarding the frequency resource and / or the power level allocated to the respective second device are similar as those described above with reference to FIG. 2A. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0131] In some embodiments, since different second devices of the plurality of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be expected to transmit a CW signal simultaneously within each allocated estimation window (i.e., the first time window or the second time window as described above) , synchronization between them may be needed. For example, the plurality of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M and / or the fourth device 224 may all synchronize with the first device 221 via Uu link, such that the plurality of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M and / or the fourth device 224 may be all synchronized.
[0132] In some embodiments, prior to the first time window, the fourth device 224 may transmit (228) , to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N, an indication (also referred to as a first indication) to keep muted within the first time window. For example, the fourth device 224 may perform an R2D transmission to indicate all of the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N to keep muted within the first time window. In other words, the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N may be scheduled with a measurement gap within the estimation window.
[0133] Accordingly, the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may transmit (229) CW (s) on the configured frequency resources with the configured power level within the first time window respectively. From a starting bound of the first time window, corresponding second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be triggered to transmit a CW simultaneously. All of the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N served by the first device 221 may keep (230) muted within the first time window. The fourth device 224 may perform an estimation on the allocated frequency resources to determine (or in other words, deduce) the first information, such as a set of signal strengths (i.e., interference levels) from the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M respectively, or a set of distance levels between the fourth device 224 and the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M (i.e., a set of distance levels including a respective distance level of each of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M relative to the fourth device 224) .
[0134] In some embodiments, prior to the second time window, the fourth device 224 may transmit (231) to, a third device of the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N, an indication (also referred to as a second indication) to backscatter a transmission within the second time window. For example, the fourth device 224 may perform an R2D transmission to indicate the third device to perform backscattering D2R transmission within the second time window. The indicated third device may be scheduled to transmit a reference signal, such as a non-zero IM-RS, via backscattering within the second time window. As an example, one third device may be indicated to perform the backscattering transmission.
[0135] Accordingly, the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may transmit (232) a CW on the configured frequency resources with the configured power level respectively within the second time window. From a starting bound of the second time window, all of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be triggered to transmit a CW simultaneously. The indicated third device may backscatter (233) a transmission (i.e., perform backscattering D2R transmission) within the second time window. The fourth device 224 may perform an estimation on the allocated frequency resources to determine (or in other words, deduce) the second information, such as a set of SINRs of a set of D2R transmissions backscattered on a set of CWs provided by the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M respectively within the second time window.
[0136] The fourth device 224 may then transmit (234) the estimated results, i.e., at least one of the first information and the second information to the first device 221. In a case where the reported first information comprises a set of signal strengths (i.e., interference levels) from the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M respectively, the first device 224 may then determine, based on the set of signal strengths, a set of distance levels between the fourth device 224 and the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M (i.e., a set of distance levels including a respective distance level of each of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M relative to the fourth device 224) .
[0137] Then, the first device 221 determines (235) based on estimation results, such as one or more of the first information (or further information determined based on the first information) or the second information, a set of configurations (also referred to as a set of first configurations or a set of working configurations) for the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M for providing a CW to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N. For example, one or more devices of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may be determined (i.e., selected) as one or more target second devices for providing a CW to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N. As an example, the second configuration may comprise one of power on, power off, or power level adjustment. In this case, the first device 221 may determine the working configuration (i.e., power on / off or power level) for each second device for serving a certain reader (i.e., the first device 221) and A-IoT device (s) served by the reader, i.e., the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N. It is to be understood that the exact method to determine which one or more second devices are selected and their working configutation (s) (such as the configured power level (s) ) to provide a CW for one or more the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N may be determined based on the implementation at the first device 221, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0138] For example, the first device 221 may determine which one or more second devices provide stronger interference to the fourth device 224 based on the estimation results in the first time window and which one or more second devices provide a sufficient CW signal for a D2R transmission of the third device based on the results in the second time window. On this basis, the first device 221 may determine which one or more second devices of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M to provide a CW to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N based on the estimation results, that is, how to configure the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M to provide a CW to the set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N based on the estimation results.
[0139] The first device 221 then transmits (236) the set of first configurations to the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M. As an embodiment, the first device 221 may transmit the set of first configurations to each second device of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M, for example, in a groupcast manner. As another embodiment, the first device 221 may transmit, to a respective second device of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M, a first configuration of the set of first configurations associated with the respective second device. In the example embodiments where the first device 221 is implemented by the BS 191, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of a DCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a downlink transmission. In the example embodiments where the first device 221 is implemented by the UE 192, the second configuration may be carried via one or more of an SCI, a MAC CE, or an RRC signaling in a sidelink transmission. Accordingly, upon receiving the working configuration, a respective one of the set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M may work with the corresponding configuration, i.e., transmit a CW with the corresponding configuration.
[0140] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, by introducing the first time window to determine the first information and the second time window to determine the second information, it is possible to determine a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a CW based on the first information and / or the second information efficiently. In this way, it is allowed to support simultaneous estimation of multiple interference sources, and thus reduce the interference and further improve communication quality and efficiency in the A-IoT system.
[0141] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a first BS 201, a set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M, a set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N, a first BS 221, a set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M, a set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N, and a fourth device 224 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the A-IoT system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0142] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0143] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0144] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; and a means for determining, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; and means for transmitting the set of first configurations to the set of second devices. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; and a means for receiving, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window related to A-IoT communication, backscatter the transmission within the second time window. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; a means for determining at least one of the first information or the second information; and means for transmitting, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.
[0145] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0146] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0147] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0148] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0149] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0150] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0151] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0152] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0153] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0154] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0155] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0156] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0157] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0158] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; and a means for determining, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; and means for transmitting the set of first configurations to the set of second devices. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; and a means for receiving, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window related to A-IoT communication, backscatter the transmission within the second time window. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices; a means for determining at least one of the first information or the second information; and means for transmitting, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.
[0159] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a first device 201 or a first device 221 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0160] At 610, the method may include determining at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a first device 221 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0161] At 620, the method may include determining, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a first device 221 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0162] At 630, the method may include transmitting the set of first configurations to the set of second devices. The operations of 630 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 630 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a first device 221 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0163] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a second device of a set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M or a set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0164] At 710, the method may include transmitting a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a second device of a set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0165] At 720, the method may include receiving, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a second device of a set of second devices 202-1, …, 202-M as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a set of second devices 222-1, …, 222-M as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0166] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a third device of a set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N or a set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0167] At 810, the method may include perform at least one of the following: based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication, keep muted within the first time window; or based on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window related to A-IoT communication, backscatter the transmission within the second time window. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a third device of a set of third devices 203-1, …, 203-N as described with reference to FIG. 2A or a set of third devices 223-1, …, 223-N as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0168] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports CW node management in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a a fourth device 224 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0169] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a fourth device 224 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0170] At 920, the method may include determining at least one of the first information or the second information. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a fourth device 224 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0171] At 930, the method may include transmitting, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a fourth device 224 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0172] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0173] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0174] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0175] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0176] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0177] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:determine at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices;determine, based on at least one of the first information or the second information, a set of first configurations for the set of second devices for providing a carrier wave to a set of third devices; andtransmit the set of first configurations to the set of second devices.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one of the following:the first information comprises an interference level associated with a second device of the set of second devices, or a distance level associated with a second device of the set of second devices; orthe second information comprises a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a transmission backscattered on a carrier wave provided by a second device of the set of second devices.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to a fourth device or a respective second device of the set of second devices, a second configuration comprising one of the following:a frequency resource for the respective second device to transmit a carrier wave;a power level for the respective second device to transmit a carrier wave;the first time window; orthe second time window.4.The first device of claim 3, wherein the set of second devices comprise a plurality of second devices, and one of the following:different devices of the plurality of second devices are configured with different frequency resources; orthe plurality of second devices are configured with a same power level to transmit a carrier wave.5.The first device of claim 3, wherein one of the following:one of the first information or the second information is determined by the first device; orone of the first information or the second information is determined by the fourth device and received from the fourth device.6.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to the set of third devices, a first indication to keep muted within the first time window.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit to, a third device of the set of third devices, a second indication to backscatter a transmission within the second time window.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein a first configuration of the set of first working configurations comprises one of the following:power on;power off; orpower level adjustment.9.The first device of claim 1 or 3, wherein a first configuration of the set of first configurations or the second configuration is carried via one of the following:downlink control information (DCI) ;a medium access control (MAC CE) ;a radio resource control (RRC) signaling; orsidelink control information (SCI) .10.The first device of claim 1, wherein one of the following:the first device comprises a base station (BS) or a user equipment (UE) ;a second device of the set of second devices comprises a carrier wave node;a third device of the set of third devices comprises an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device; orthe fourth device comprises one of a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.11.A second device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:transmit a carrier wave in at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication; andreceive, from a first device, a first configuration for the second device.12.The second device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to:receive, from the first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of the following:a frequency resource for the second device to transmit the carrier wave;a power level for the second device to transmit the carrier wave;the first time window; orthe second time window.13.The second device of claim 1, wherein first configuration comprises one of the following:power on;power off; orpower level adjustment.14.A third device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third device to:perform at least one of the following:based on receiving a first indication to keep muted within a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication, keep muted within the first time window; orbased on receiving a second indication to backscatter a transmission within a second time window related to A-IoT communication, backscatter the transmission within the second time window.15.A fourth device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the fourth device to:receive, from a first device, a second configuration comprising at least one of a first time window related to ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) communication or a second time window related to A-IoT communication, wherein the first time window is used for determining first information associated with a set of second devices, and the second time window is used for determining second information associated with the set of second devices;determine at least one of the first information or the second information; andtransmit, to the first device, at least one of the first information or the second information.16.The fourth device of claim 15, wherein the one of the following:the first information comprises an interference level associated with a second device of the set of second devices, or a distance level associated with a second device of the set of second devices; orthe second information comprises a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a transmission backscattered on a carrier wave provided by a second device of the set of second devices.17.The fourth device of claim 15, wherein the second configuration further comprises a frequency resource for a second device of the set of second devices to transmit a carrier wave.18.The fourth device of claim 17, wherein the set of second devices comprise a plurality of second devices, and one of the following:different devices of the plurality of second devices are configured with different frequency resources; orthe plurality of second devices are configured with a same power level to transmit a carrier wave.19.The fourth device of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the fourth device to:transmit, to a set of third devices, a first indication to keep muted within the first time window.20.The fourth device of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the fourth device to:transmit, to a third device of a set of third devices, a second indication to backscatter a transmission within the second time window.
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