Maximum time values for d2r transmissions
By determining maximum time values for D2R transmissions based on energy and clock accuracy levels, the solution addresses unreliable communications in IoT devices, improving reliability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/122979
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in determining optimal time intervals for device-to-reader (D2R) transmissions, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) devices with varying energy levels and clock accuracy, leading to unreliable communications.
A first device determines maximum time values for D2R transmissions based on the energy levels and clock accuracy of second devices, transmitting these values to improve the reliability of D2R communications.
The solution ensures that D2R transmissions are performed using suitable time intervals, enhancing communication reliability by accounting for device-specific energy and clock accuracy levels.
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Figure CN2024122979_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MAXIMUM TIME VALUES FOR D2R TRANSMISSIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to maximum time values for device to reader (D2R) transmissions.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In recent years, Internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More “things” are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. With considering the device to reader transmission for IoT, e.g., ambient IoT, the time interval between a R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission has been studied. However, there are still some issues to be addressed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support maximum time values for device to reader (D2R) transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, determining, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; and transmitting, to a second device, the at least one maximum time value. In this way, the D2R transmission may be performed using a suitable maximum time value, and thus the reliability of the communications is improved.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may comprise one maximum time value, and the first device may determine a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of the one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value, and transmit, to the second device, the factor together with the one maximum time value.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission may be divided into one or more parts based on the factor.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values, and wherein one of the following: the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices; or the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level may be larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level, a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level may be larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level, or a fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level may be larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message, or the factor may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may comprise a reader of an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device or a network device, or the second device may comprise the A-IoT device.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission, and determining a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. In this way, the D2R transmission may be performed using a suitable maximum time value, and thus the reliability of the communications is improved.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the first device, a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises one maximum time value.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by: determining the maximum time value based on (i) the one maximum time, (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device, and (iii) the factor.
[0016] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining a resource for the D2R transmission based on at least one of: a determined maximum time value, the one maximum time value, or a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission, and performing the D2R transmission with the resource.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission may be divided into one or more parts based on the factor.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values, and the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices, the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices, or any combination of both of the above-mentioned items.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level may be larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level, a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level may be larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level, or a fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level may be larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by one of the following: determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is enough for completing the D2R transmission, determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a first percentage of total energy of the second device, determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is less to a first percentage of total energy of the second device, determining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is less than a threshold of the clock accuracy level, or determining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a threshold of the clock accuracy level.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one maximum time value may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message, or the factor may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may comprise a reader of an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device or a network device, or the second device may comprise the A-IoT device.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of D2R transmissions of devices with different energy levels associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of D2R transmissions of devices with different clock accuracy levels associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports repetition transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates an example for the D2R transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates an example for the D2R transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an example for the D2R transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 6 illustrates an example for the D2R transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates an example for the D2R transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIGS. 8-9 illustrate examples of devices that support maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIGS. 10-11 illustrate examples of processors that support maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0039] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0040] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0041] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0043] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0044] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a SMF, an AMF, a PCF, a UPF or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0045] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “user equipment, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0046] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0047] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0048] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0049] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0050] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0051] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0052] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0053] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0054] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0055] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0056] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0057] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0058] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0059] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0060] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0061] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0062] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0063] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0064] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0065] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0066] The maximum time TR2D_max between a R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission has been discussed. Common or different maximum time for different IoT devices, e.g., A-IoT devices, is to be studied, i.e., whether or how to define the factor for different maximum time for different A-IoT devices should be studied.
[0067] FIG. 1B illustrates examples of D2R transmissions of devices with different energy levels associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, the device 1 has less energy and the device 2 has more energy and common TR2D_max is configured or indicated for them. Even an earlier resource is selected by the device 1 for the D2R transmission, the device 1 is unable to complete the D2R transmission. Although the device 2 has more energy, after a long stand-by time, the device 2 is also unable to complete the D2R transmission due to less residual energy. Therefore, how to determine the TR2D_max value and how the TR2D_max value is used by the device 1 and the device 2 should be studied.
[0068] For various ambient IoT devices or device types, for example, device type 1, device type 2a and device type 2b, the clock accuracy of devices or device types may be different. As shown in table 1, the initial clock accuracy for device type 1 may be [10^4~10^5] ppm, and the initial clock accuracy for device type 2a and device type 2b may be [10^4~10^5] ppm.
[0069] Table 1: information for different clocks
[0070] If a device or device type with lower clock accuracy selects a resource at the end part of transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] , because of the cumulative error over long time, the counted time may be wrong and actual transmission may exceed the TR2D_max. As shown in FIG. 1C, the device 1 has higher clock accuracy and the device 2 has lower clock accuracy. An earlier resource is selected by the device 1 for the D2R transmission, the device 1 is able to complete the D2R transmission. Even a resource within the transmission duration is selected by the device 2 for the D2R transmission, the device 2 is unable to complete the D2R transmission due to the cumulative error. Therefore, defining multiple TR2D_max values for various devices or device types with different clock accuracy is needed.
[0071] For different device types, device type 1 is assumed to have two states: on and off, and device type 2a and device type 2b are assumed to have three states: on, off and sleep. For different device states, on state supports at least transmission and reception for communication. Off state does not support at least transmission and reception for communication, and off state supports at least energy harvesting. Sleep state supports at least maintaining a memory content from on state, and maintaining a timer, and sleep state does not support at least transmission.
[0072] To further consider the potential state for different A-IoT devices, energy levels or clock accuracy levels of different A-IoT device can be studied to determine different maximum time. For example, a device with low energy level, it may turn to off or sleep state for energy harvesting and perform transmission later, so the maximum time should be longer. Conversely, the device with high energy level and in on state, it can perform transmission as soon as possible. Waiting too long will consume its energy.
[0073] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for maximum time values for D2R transmissions. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, a first device determines at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission. The first device then transmits the at least one maximum time value to the second device. In this way, the D2R transmission may be performed using a suitable maximum time value, and thus the reliability of the communications is improved. Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-16.
[0074] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve the first device 201 and the second device 202. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied in the communication environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues. In some embodiments, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device or a network device. Additionally, the second device 202 may comprise the A-IoT device (hereinafter may also be referred to as a device)
[0075] It is to be understood that the number of the first device 201 or the second device 202 is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The process 200 may include any suitable number of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more first devices may be comprised in the process 200.
[0076] In the process 200, the first device 201 determines 210 at least one maximum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices. The clock accuracy levels may be associated with the clock accuracy values, and the larger the clock accuracy value, the smaller the clock accuracy level. For example, the clock accuracy value of the high clock accuracy level is 10^3~ 10^4 ppm, and the clock accuracy value of the low clock accuracy level is 10^4~10^5 ppm.
[0077] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values. In other words, the first device 201 may define multiple maximum time values (i.e., TR2D_max values) for second devices with different energy levels, and each TR2D_max value corresponds one energy level of a second device. The energy level of the second device can be the residual energy of the second device. The more residual energy of the second device, the larger energy level of the second device,
[0078] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one maximum time value comprises multiple maximum time values, and the multiple maximum time values may correspond to the multiple energy levels of the multiple second devices. In some embodiments, if a first energy level is less than a second energy level, a first maximum time value corresponding to the first energy level may be larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to the second energy level. In other words, a larger maximum time value is defined corresponding to less energy levels.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 3, TR2D_max value1 is used for the device 1 whose energy level is enough for the D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy. TR2D_max value2 is used for the device 2 whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less the 50%of total energy, i.e., charging is needed before its transmission. TR2D_max value1 is smaller than TR2D_max value2. Device 2 can perform a charging firstly and then perform D2R transmission on a later resource within D2R transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_maxvalue2] or [TR2D_maxvalue1, TR2D_maxvalue2] .
[0080] In some other embodiments, if a third energy level is larger than a fourth energy level, a third maximum time value corresponding to the third energy level is larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to the fourth energy level. For example, TR2D_max value1 may be used for the device 2 whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less the 50%of total energy, and TR2D_max value2 may be used for the device 1 whose energy level is enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy, as shown in FIG. 4. In short, larger TR2D_max values can be defined corresponding to larger energy levels.
[0081] Additionally or alternatively, the multiple maximum time values may correspond to the multiple clock accuracy levels of the multiple second devices. In other words, the first device 201 may define multiple TR2D_max values for devices with different clock accuracy levels, and each TR2D_max value corresponds one initial clock accuracy of a second device.
[0082] In some embodiments, if a fifth clock accuracy level is larger than a sixth clock accuracy level, a fifth maximum time value corresponding to the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to the sixth clock accuracy level.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 5, TR2D_max value1 is used for the second device whose initial clock accuracy is 10^3~ 10^4 ppm (i.e., high accuracy) , and TR2D_max value2 is used for the second whose initial clock accuracy is 10^4 ~ 10^5 ppm (i.e., low accuracy) . In another example, TR2D_max value1 may be used for the second device whose initial clock accuracy is higher than or equal to a (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold, e.g. 10^4 ppm, TR2D_max value2 may be used for the second device whose initial clock accuracy is less the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold.
[0084] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value comprises one maximum time value, and the first device 201 may determine a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of the one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value. For example, the first device 201 may determine one TR2D_max value as the maximum value of D2R transmission duration for second devices, and further determine a factor for TR2D_max value.
[0085] In addition, a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission may be divided into one or more parts based on the factor. For instance, the factor may be used to divide D2R transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] into one or more duration (s) . The factor may be used to determine the TR2D_max value used at the second device 202 side.
[0086] In a first example, for the transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] , TR2D_min value may be 4ms and TR2D_max value may be 500ms. The factor is 2 (e.g., represented by ‘01’ in R2D transmission) , and the transmission duration from 4ms to 500ms is divided into 2 parts, as shown in FIG. 6. The first part, i.e., from 4ms to 252ms, may be used for the device 1 whose energy level is enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy. The second part, i.e., from 253ms to 500ms, is used for the device 2 whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less than 50%of total energy. The factor may be 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on, and may be represented by ‘00’ , ‘01’ , ‘10’ , ‘11’ , respectively.
[0087] In a second example, the first part, i.e., from 4ms to 252ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less than 50%of total energy. The second part, i.e., from 253ms to 500ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy.
[0088] In a third example, for the transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] , TR2D_min value is 4ms and TR2D_max value1 is 500ms. The factor is 0.25 (represented by ‘01’ ) , and the transmission duration from 4ms to 500ms is divided into 2 parts, as shown in FIG. 7. The first part, i.e., from 4ms to 128ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy. The second part, i.e., from 129ms to 500ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less than 50%of total energy. The factor can be 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and so on, and may be represented by ‘00’ , ‘01’ , ‘10’ , ‘11’ , respectively.
[0089] In a fourth example, the first part, i.e., from 4ms to 128ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is less than 50%of total energy. The second part, i.e., from 129ms to 500ms, may be used for the device whose energy level is enough for D2R transmission or whose energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy.
[0090] In a fifth example, for the transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] , TR2D_min value is 4ms and TR2D_max value1 is 500ms. factor is 2 (represented by ‘01’ ) , and the transmission duration from 4ms to 500ms is divided into 2 parts, as shown in FIG. 6. The first part, i.e., from 4ms to 252ms, may be used for the device whose initial clock accuracy value is 10^4~ 10^5ppm (low accuracy level) or whose initial clock accuracy value is larger than or equal to the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold e.g. 10^4 ppm. The second part, i.e., from 253ms to 500ms, may be used for the device whose initial clock accuracy value is 10^3 ~ 10^4ppm (high accuracy level) or whose initial clock accuracy value is less than the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold, e.g., 10^4 ppm. The factor may be 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on, and may be represented by ‘00’ , ‘01’ , ‘10’ , ‘11’ .
[0091] In a sixth example, for the transmission duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] , TR2D_min value is 4ms and TR2D_max value1 is 500ms. The factor is 0.25 (represented by ‘01’ ) , and the transmission duration from 4ms to 500ms is divided into 2 parts, as shown in FIG. 7. The first part, i.e., from 4ms to 128ms, may be used for the device whose initial clock accuracy value is 10^4~ 10^5ppm (low accuracy level) or whose initial clock accuracy value is larger than or equal to the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold e.g. 10^4 ppm. The second part, i.e., from 129ms to 500ms, may be used for the device whose initial clock accuracy value is 10^3 ~ 10^4ppm (high accuracy level) or whose initial clock accuracy value is less than the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold, e.g. 10^4 ppm. The factor can be 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and so on, and may be represented by ‘00’ , ‘01’ , ‘10’ , ‘11’ .
[0092] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, the first device 201 transmits 215 the at least one maximum time value 220 to the second device 202. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one maximum time value may be transmitted via an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message, or any combination of above-mentioned items. Additionally, the factor may be transmitted via an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0093] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may transmits the factor together with the one maximum time value to the second device 202. On the other side of the communication, the second device 202 may receive the factor from the first device 201 together with the one maximum time value.
[0094] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may indicate, configure or (pre) configure the TR2D_max value and the factor to the second devices. I. e., reader (or network) transmits the indication and / or (pre) configuration of TR2D_max value and the factor to the devices. In an example, the TR2D_max value may be fixed or (pre) configured and the factor may be indicated. In another words, both the TR2D_max value and the factor may be (pre) configured. In yet another words, both the TR2D_max value and the factor may be indicated.
[0095] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, after receiving 225 the at least one maximum time value 220 from the first device 201, the second device 202 determines 230 a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. For instance, a device determines a TR2D_max value for its D2R transmission based on its energy level or its initial clock accuracy.
[0096] In a first example, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device 202, the second device 202 may further determine whether the energy level of the second device is enough for completing the D2R transmission. For instance, the second device 202 may determine TR2D_maxvalue2 to be used when its energy level is enough for completing a D2R transmission or its energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy.
[0097] In a second example, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device 202, the second device 202 may further determine whether the energy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a first percentage of total energy of the second device. For instance, the second device 202 may determine TR2D_max value1 to be used when its energy level is not enough for completing a D2R transmission or its energy level is less than the 50%of total energy, and the second device 202 may turn to charging or sleep / off state for charging.
[0098] In a third example, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device 202, the second device 202 may further determine whether the energy level of the second device 202 is less than a first percentage of total energy of the second device.
[0099] In a fourth example, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device 202, the second device 202 may further determine whether the clock accuracy level of the second device 202 is less than a threshold of the clock accuracy level. For instance, the second device 202 may determine TR2D_max value1 to be used when its initial clock accuracy value is 10^3~ 10^4ppm or its initial clock accuracy value is less than the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold e.g. 10^4 ppm.
[0100] In a fifth example, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device, the second device 202 may further determine whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a threshold of the clock accuracy level of the second device 202. For instance, the second device 202 may determine TR2D_max value2 to be used when its initial clock accuracy value is 10^4 ~10^5ppm or its initial clock accuracy value is higher than or equal to a (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold, e.g. 10^4 ppm.
[0101] Additionally or alternatively, in order to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device, the second device 202 may determine the maximum time value based on the one maximum time, the factor, and an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. In other words, the second device 202 determines a used TR2D_max value (same as TR2D_max value) for its D2R transmission based on its energy level or the clock accuracy level and the factor.
[0102] Additionally or alternatively, the second device 202 may determine a resource for the D2R transmission based on at least one of: a determined maximum time value, the one maximum time value, or a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission. Then the second device 202 may perform the D2R transmission with the resource.
[0103] In a first example, the second device 202 may determine a partial TR2D_max value (less than a TR2D_max value) and the TR2D_max value may be used when its energy level is not enough for D2R transmission or its energy level is less the 50%of total energy, and the second device 202 may turn to the charging or sleep / off state. In addition, the second device 202 may perform a resource selection for the D2R transmission within time duration [partial TR2D_max, TR2D_max] . Then the second device 202 may perform the D2R transmission within time duration [partial TR2D_max, TR2D_max] .
[0104] In a second example, the second device 202 may determine a partial TR2D_max value (less than a TR2D_max value) for its D2R transmission based on its energy level and the factor. The second device 202 may determine the partial TR2D_max value is used when its energy level is enough for D2R transmission or its energy level is higher than or equal to 50%of total energy. In addition, the second device 202 may perform a resource selection for the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, partial TR2D_max] . Then the second device 202 may perform the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, partial TR2D_max] .
[0105] In a third example, the second device 202 may determine a used TR2D_max value (same as TR2D_max value) for its D2R transmission based on its initial clock accuracy. The second device 202 may determine TR2D_max value is used when its initial clock accuracy value is 10^3~ 10^4pm, or its initial clock accuracy value is less than or equal to a (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold, e.g. 10^4 ppm. In addition, the second device 202 may perform a resource selection for the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] or [partial TR2D_max, TR2D_max] . Then the second device 202 may perform the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, TR2D_max] or [partial TR2D_max, TR2D_max] .
[0106] In a fourth example, the second device 202 may determine a partial TR2D_max value (less than TR2D_max value) for its D2R transmission based on its energy level and the factor. The second device 202 may determine partial TR2D_max value is used when its initial clock accuracy value is 10^4~ 10^5ppm or its initial clock accuracy value is larger than the (pre) defined initial clock accuracy threshold e.g. 10^4 ppm. In addition, the second device 202 may perform a resource selection for the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, partial TR2D_max] . Then the second device 202 may perform the D2R transmission within time duration [TR2D_min, partial TR2D_max] .
[0107] In view of above, multiple maximum time values may be defined for second devices (e.g., A-IoT devices) with different energy levels. A factor and one TR2D_max value may be defined for second devices with different energy levels. Multiple TR2D_max values may be defined for second devices with different initial clock accuracy levels. A factor and one TR2D_max value may be defined for second devices with different initial clock accuracy levels.
[0108] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0109] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0110] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0111] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission, and a means for transmitting, via the transceiver to a second device, the at least one maximum time value. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0112] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 804) to cause the device 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0113] The memory 804 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 802 cause the device 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 802 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 804 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0114] The I / O controller 808 may manage input and output signals for the device 800. The I / O controller 808 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 806. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 800 via the I / O controller 808 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 808.
[0115] In some implementations, the device 800 may include a single antenna 810. However, in some other implementations, the device 800 may have more than one antenna 810 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 806 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 810, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 806 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi- directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 806 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 810 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 810. The transceiver 806 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0116] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 810 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0117] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 810 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0118] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device 900 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be an example of a UE 104 as described herein. The device 900 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 900 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 902, a memory 904, a transceiver 906, and, optionally, an I / O controller 908. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0119] The processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0120] In some implementations, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 902 and the memory 904 coupled with the processor 902 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 902, instructions stored in the memory 904) .
[0121] For example, the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; and a means for determining a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0122] The processor 902 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 902 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 902. The processor 902 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 904) to cause the device 900 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0123] The memory 904 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 902 cause the device 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 902 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 904 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0124] The I / O controller 908 may manage input and output signals for the device 900. The I / O controller 908 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 906. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 900 via the I / O controller 908 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 908.
[0125] In some implementations, the device 900 may include a single antenna 910. However, in some other implementations, the device 900 may have more than one antenna 910 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 906 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 910, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 906 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 906 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 910 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 910. The transceiver 906 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0126] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 910 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0127] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 910 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0128] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1000. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0129] The processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0130] The controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0131] The controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004. The controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000. The controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.
[0132] The memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
[0133] The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1002 and / or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 1000 and / or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0134] The one or more ALUs 1000 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . One or more ALUs 1000 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1000 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1000 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1000 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1000 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0135] The processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1002 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission, and a means for transmitting, to a second device, the at least one maximum time value. The processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0136] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a processor 1100 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1100 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1100 may include a controller 1102 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1100 may optionally include at least one memory 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1100 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1100. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0137] The processor 1100 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0138] The controller 1102 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1100 to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1102 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1100, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1100. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0139] The controller 1102 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1104 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1102 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1104. The controller 1102 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1102 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1100 to cause the processor 1100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1102 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1100. The controller 1102 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1100.
[0140] The memory 1104 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1100 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1104 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1100) . In some other implementations, the memory 1104 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1100) .
[0141] The memory 1104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1100, cause the processor 1100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1102 and / or the processor 1100 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1104 to cause the processor 1100 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 1100 and / or the controller 1102 may be coupled with or to the memory 1104, the processor 1100, the controller 1102, and the memory 1104 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1100 may include multiple processors and the memory 1104 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0142] The one or more ALUs 1100 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1100 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1100 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1100) . One or more ALUs 1100 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1100 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1100 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1100 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1100 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0143] The processor 1100 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission, and a means for determining a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. The processor 1100 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0144] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 12 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 12 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 12 may be performed by a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0145] At 1205, the method may include determining, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0146] At 1210, the method may include transmitting, to a second device, the at least one maximum time value. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0147] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise one maximum time value, and the first device may determine a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of the one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value, and transmit, via the transceiver to the second device, the factor together with the one maximum time value.
[0148] In some embodiments, a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission may be divided into one or more parts based on the factor. In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values.
[0149] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values, and wherein one of the following: the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices; or the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices.
[0150] In some embodiments, a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level may be larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level, a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level may be larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level, or a fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level may be larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.
[0151] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message, or the factor may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.
[0152] In some embodiments, the first device may comprise a reader of an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device or a network device, or the second device may comprise the A-IoT device.
[0153] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 that supports maximum time values for D2R transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0154] At 1305, the method may include receiving, from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a D2R transmission corresponding to a R2D transmission. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0155] At 1310, the method may include determining a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0156] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value comprises one maximum time value the method may further include receiving, from the first device, a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value.
[0157] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by: determining the maximum time value based on (i) the one maximum time, (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device, and (iii) the factor.
[0158] In some embodiments, a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission may be divided into one or more parts based on the factor. In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values.
[0159] In some embodiments, the at least one maximum time value may comprise multiple maximum time values, and the multiple maximum time values may correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices, the multiple maximum time values may correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices, or any combination of both of the above-mentioned items.
[0160] In some embodiments, a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level may be larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level, a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level may be larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level, or a fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level may be larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.
[0161] In some implementations, the method may further include determining the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by one of the following: determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is enough for completing the D2R transmission, determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a first percentage of total energy of the second device, determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is less to a first percentage of total energy of the second device, determining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is less than a threshold of the clock accuracy level, or determining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a threshold of the clock accuracy level.
[0162] In some implementations, the method may further include determining a resource for the D2R transmission based on at least one of: a determined maximum time value, the one maximum time value, or a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission, and performing the D2R transmission with the resource.
[0163] In some implementations, the at least one maximum time value may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message, or the factor may be transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.
[0164] In some implementations, the first device may comprise a reader of an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device or a network device, or the second device may comprise the A-IoT device.
[0165] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0166] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0167] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0168] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0169] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0170] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprisinga processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; andtransmit, via the transceiver to a second device, the at least one maximum time value.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises one maximum time value, and the processor is further configured to:determine a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of the one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the second device, the factor together with the one maximum time value.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission is divided into one or more parts based on the factor.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises multiple maximum time values.5.The first device of claim 2 or 4, the at least one maximum time value comprises multiple maximum time values, and wherein one of the following:the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices;the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein one of the following:a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level is larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level; a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level is larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level; ora fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level is larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.7.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the following:the at least one maximum time value is transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message; orthe factor is transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.8.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the following:the first device comprises a reader of an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device or a network device; orthe second device comprises the A-IoT device.9.A second device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; anddetermine a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device.10.The second device of claim 8, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises one maximum time value, and the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the first device, a factor for determining one or more maximum time values of one or more second devices together with the one maximum time value.11.The second device of claim 8 or 9, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by:determine the maximum time value based on (i) the one maximum time, (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device, and (iii) the factor.12.The second device of claim 10, wherein a duration between the one maximum time value and a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission is divided into one or more parts based on the factor.13.The second device of claim 9, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises multiple maximum time values.14.The second device of claim 10 or 13, wherein the at least one maximum time value comprises multiple maximum time values, and wherein one of the following:the multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple energy levels of multiple second devices; orthe multiple maximum time values correspond to multiple clock accuracy levels of multiple second devices.15.The second device of claim 14, wherein one of the following:a first maximum time value corresponding to a first energy level is larger than a second maximum time value corresponding to a second energy level in the case that the first energy level is less than the second energy level; a third maximum time value corresponding to a third energy level is larger than a fourth maximum time value corresponding to a fourth energy level in the case that the third energy level is larger than the fourth energy level; ora fifth maximum time value corresponding to a fifth clock accuracy level is larger than a sixth maximum time value corresponding to a sixth clock accuracy level in the case that the fifth clock accuracy level is larger than the sixth clock accuracy level.16.The second device of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processor is configured to determine the maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device by one of the following:determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is enough for completing the D2R transmission;determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a first percentage of total energy of the second device; determining the maximum time value based on whether the energy level of the second device is less to a first percentage of total energy of the second device;determining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is less than a threshold of the clock accuracy level ordetermining the maximum time value based on whether the clock accuracy level of the second device is higher than or equal to a threshold of the clock accuracy level.17.The second device of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a resource for the D2R transmission based on at least one of: a determined maximum time value, the one maximum time value, or a minimum time value between a R2D transmission and a D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D transmission; andperform the D2R transmission with the resource.18.The second device of claim 9 or 10, wherein at least one of the following:the at least one maximum time value is transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a configuration in a medium access control (MAC) message; orthe factor is transmitted via at least one of an indication in control information, a configuration in an RRC message, or a configuration in a MAC message.19.A method performed by a first device, comprising:determining, based on one or more energy levels or one or more clock accuracy levels of one or more second devices, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; andtransmitting, to a second device, the at least one maximum time value.20.A method performed by a second device, comprising:receiving, from a first device, at least one maximum time value for a device to reader (D2R) transmission corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission; anddetermining a maximum time value for the D2R transmission of the second device based on (i) the at least one maximum time and (ii) an energy level or a clock accuracy level of the second device.
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