Devices and methods for communication
Mode switching in IoT devices addresses power consumption and interference issues by transitioning between operation modes based on energy availability and signal generation, enhancing network scalability and coverage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/076980
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing IoT technologies face challenges in supporting battery-less devices with limited energy storage due to high power consumption and interference issues, particularly in dense deployments, limiting their scalability and coverage.
Implementing mode switching mechanisms in IoT devices to transition between operation modes based on energy availability and signal generation modes, utilizing ambient energy harvesting and backscattering techniques to optimize power consumption and communication efficiency.
Enhances the scalability and coverage of IoT networks by optimizing power usage and reducing interference, enabling seamless communication for battery-less devices.
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Figure CN2024076980_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for ambient internet of thing (IoT) mode switching.BACKGROUND
[0003] Internet of Things, or IoT, is a network of physical devices. These devices can transfer data to one another without human intervention. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. It may consider devices being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable. Considering the limited size and complexity required by practical applications for battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with limited energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, the output power of energy harvester is typically from 1μW to a few hundreds of μW. Existing cellular devices may not work well with energy harvesting due to their peak power consumption of higher than 10mW.
[0004] An example type of application may be asset identification, which presently has to resort mainly to barcode and radio frequency identity (RFID) in most industries. The main advantage of these two technologies is the ultra-low complexity and small form factor of the tags. However, the limited reading range of a few meters usually requires handheld scanning which leads to labor intensive and time-consuming operations, or RFID portals / gates which leads to costly deployments. Moreover, the lack of interference management scheme results in severe interference between RFID readers and capacity problems, especially in case of dense deployment. It is hard to support large-scale network with seamless coverage for RFID.SUMMARY
[0005] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution on ambient internet of thing (IoT) mode switching.
[0006] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: determine whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode ; and perform a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.
[0007] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.
[0008] In a third aspect, there is provided a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: receive a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology; receive a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology; determine a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; and perform a transmission with the target device.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: determining whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode ; and performing a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.
[0010] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.
[0011] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: receiving a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology; receiving a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology; determining a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; and performing a transmission with the target device.
[0012] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fourth, fifth, or sixth aspect.
[0013] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example communication environments in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented, respectively;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of mode switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of topology switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first device, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second device, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first device, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0024] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0025] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0026] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0027] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0028] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0029] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0030] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0031] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0032] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0033] As used herein, the term “topology” may refer to a way in which constituent parts are interrelated or arranged. For example, “topology” may indicate how the terminal device and the network device are arranged and / or communicated. As used herein, the term “IoT radio interface” may refer to an air interface that is used for IoT communication. The term “backscatter” used herein may refer to a method that uses an incident radio-frequency (RF) signal to transmit data without a battery or power source. The term “backscatter signal” used herein may refer to a reflection of ambient radio frequency signal.
[0034] The term “ambient IoT device” used herein is a 3GPP IoT device which is much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT. The ultimate ambient IoT energy source is that from radio waves. Both Ambient IoT and Ambient computing rely upon energy harvesting as one of the key mechanisms for powering and enabling the technology. Energy harvesting, as it applies to Ambient IoT and Ambient Computing, is the harnessing of the power in ambient radio waves to power tiny computers. Ambient IoT device may have a new radio / air interface to a reader / node. The new radio interface may be frame based or non-frame based. Deploying ambient IoT service on existing system could reduce the operation cost and quickly commercialize the new service.
[0035] In some solutions, an air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT may enable the following devices: (1) ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device, the device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally; and (2) ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption1, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. It is to be understood that “≤ a few hundred μW” means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the “≤ a few hundred μW”requirement.
[0036] For ambient IoT transmission and reception, there could be different type of capability of device, e.g. energy storage type 1 and type2, enabled or disabled internal wave carrier generation, different connection topology, etc. The suitable type / mode of those difference may change in time. Therefore, a solution on model switching is needed.
[0037] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0038] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate schematic diagrams of example communication environments in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented, respectively. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, a plurality of communication devices, including a terminal device 110 and a network device 120, can communicate with each other. In the example of FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the first device 110 may be an ambient IoT device / ambient IoT tag and the second device 120 may be a base station serving a third device 130 which is a UE.
[0039] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the second device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the third device 130 may be other device than a terminal device.
[0040] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the third device 130 operating as a UE and the second device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0041] In some example embodiments, if the third device 130 is a terminal device and the second device 120 is a network device, a link from the second device 120 to the third device 130 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the third device 130 to the second device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the third device 130 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the third device 130 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0042] The communications in the communication environments shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0043] FIG. 1A shows a first topology 100 where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) directly and bidirectionally communicates with the second device 120. The communication between the second device 120 and the first device 110 may include ambient IoT data and / or signalling. This first topology 100 may include the possibility that the second device 120 transmitting to the first device 110 is a different from the second device 120 receiving from the first device 110. For example, the first topology 100 may be deployed in a scenario where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) and the second device 120 may be indoors.
[0044] FIG. 1B shows a second topology 100’ where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node (i.e., the third device 130) between the first device 110 and the second device 120. In the second topology 100’, the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, and the like. which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node may transfer Ambient IoT data and / or signalling between the first device 110 and the second device 120. For example, the second topology 100’ may be deployed in a scenario where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) and the second device 120 may be outdoor.
[0045] In some embodiments, there may be different types of ambient IoT devices, including: a first type of device (i.e., Device A) which has no energy storage and no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission, a second type of device (i.e., Device B) which has energy storage but no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission, and a third type of device (i.e., Device C) which has energy storage and independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission. For the second type of device, use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals. The first device 110 may be any of the first, second or third types of devices.
[0046] A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include. For Device A, the power consumption target during transmitting / receiving is ≤ 1 μW or ≤ 10 μW. For Device B, the target during transmitting / receiving is such that: Device A power consumption << Device B power consumption < Device C power consumption; or Device A power consumption ≤ Device B power consumption < Device C power consumption. The device power consumption during transmitting / receiving for Device C is ≤ 1 mW to ≤ 10 mW. For Device A, the complexity target is to be comparable to UHF RFID ISO18000-6C (EPC C1G2) . For Device B, the target is such that: Device A complexity < Device B complexity <Device C complexity. For Device C, the complexity target is to be orders-of-magnitude lower than NB-IoT.
[0047] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of mode switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, for example, by using the first device 110 and the second device 120.
[0048] The first device 110 determines (2010) whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied. In some embodiments, the first mode may be a first operation mode and the second mode may be a second operation mode which requires less power than the first operation mode. In some other embodiments, the first mode may be a first signal generation mode and the second mode may be a second signal generation mode. In this case, the second signal generation mode may require less power than the first signal generation mode to generate signals.
[0049] In some embodiments, the first operation mode and the second operation mode have at least one of: a common radio protocol, a common timing, a common frame structure, or a common waveform. In addition, maximum transmission power, maximum transmission burst duration, maximum transmission coverage level of the first and second operation modes may be different. For example, at least one of the followings of the second operation mode is smaller than that of the first operation mode: a maximum transmission power, a maximum transmission burst duration, or a maximum transmission coverage level.
[0050] In some embodiments, the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal. In other words, the sources of carrier waves for the signals generated by the first signal generation mode and the second signal generation mode may be different, i.e., internal or external. In some embodiments, the signals generated by the first signal generation mode and the second signal generation mode may be modulated in a same way, for example, both are on-off keying (OOK) modulated signals.
[0051] In some embodiments, the condition may include at least one of: a lack of storage energy, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold, the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold, a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold, or the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold. Alternatively, or in addition, the condition may further include a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, or a frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than an offset threshold.
[0052] The first device 110 performs (2040) a transmission with the second device 120 based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device 110 is switched to based on the determination. For example, if the first device 110 is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the first device 110 may perform the transmission with less transmission power. In this way, it can save energy at the first device 110 and still perform the transmission, when the first device lacks storge energy.
[0053] As another example, if the first device 110 is switched from the first signal generation mode to the second signal generation mode, the first device 110 may transmit the signal which is a backscattering transmission signal to the second device 120. In this way, it can be benefit for node’s interference cancelation detection. Further, when external carrier wave quality is not good, using internal generated carrier wave is benefit for received power at node.
[0054] Embodiments of the switching between first and second operation modes are described in detail below.
[0055] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the first operation mode and the storage energy is less than an energy threshold, the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied. As another example, if the first device 110 is working in the first operation mode and the RSRP of ambient IoT reference signal is higher than a RSRP threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied. In some other embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the first operation mode and data volume for transmission is less than a volume threshold the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied.
[0056] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the second operation mode and the storage energy is larger than another energy threshold, the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied. The other energy threshold may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned energy threshold.
[0057] As another example, if the first device 110 is working in the second operation mode and the RSRP of ambient IoT reference signal is lower than another RSRP threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied. The other RSRP threshold may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned RSRP threshold.
[0058] In some other embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the second operation mode and data volume for transmission is larger than another volume threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied. The other volume threshold may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned volume threshold.
[0059] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may transmit (2015) a request for the switching to the second device 120. In other words, the first device 110 may request to the second device 120 to reduce its capability. After receiving (2015) the request from the first device 110, the second device 120 may transmit (2020) a response indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) of the request to the first device 110. After receiving (2020) the response from the second device 120, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the second operation mode.
[0060] Alternatively, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may transmit (2015) a request for the switching to the second device 120. In other words, the first device 110 may request to the second device 120 to increase its capability. After receiving (2015) the request from the first device 110, the second device 120 may transmit (2020) a response indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) of the request to the first device 110. After receiving (2020) the response from the second device 120, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the first operation mode.
[0061] In some embodiments, the request and acknowledgment may be transmitted in an A-IoT control information (ACI) . Alternatively, the request and acknowledgment may be transmitted in a medium access control control element (MAC CE) . In some other embodiments, the request may be transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) message.
[0062] In some embodiments, the request may be a long time request. For example, the request may be a long time request that the first device 110 leaves out the first operation mode and works in the second operation mode until having a further switching command from the second device 120. In some other embodiments, the request may be a short time request. For example, the request may be a short time request that the first device 110 works in the second operation mode for a time period and returns back to the first operation mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic. Alternatively, the request is a one-shot request. For example, the request may be a one-shot request that the first device 110 works in the second operation mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first operation mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0063] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the second operation mode. In this case, the first device 110 may switch to the second operation mode without requesting the second device 120. The first device 110 may transmit (2030) an indication regarding the switching to the second operation mode to the second device 120. Alternatively, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the first operation mode. In this case, the first device 110 may switch to the first operation mode without requesting the second device 120. The first device 110 may transmit (2030) an indication regarding the switching to the first operation mode to the second device 120.
[0064] In some other embodiments, the second device 120 may transmit (2005) a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode (for example, the first operation mode or the second operation mode) to the first device 110. After receiving (2005) the first indication, the first device 110 may determine (2010) the condition for switching to the target mode is satisfied based on the reception (2005) of the first indication. The first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the target mode and then transmit (2040) an indication regarding the switching being successful to the second device 120.
[0065] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may transmit an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode to the second device 120. For example, no transmission is performed under the third operation mode. By way of example, there may be a mode 0 (i.e., the third mode) where transmission on tag is not performed for mode 0. The first device 110 may harvest energy during mode 0. The first device 110 may request to the second device 120 to switch to mode 0. The second device 120 may command the first device 110 to switch to mode 0 or switch from mode 0.
[0066] Embodiments of the switching between first and second signal generation modes are described in detail below.
[0067] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the first signal generation mode and the RSRP of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, the condition for switching from the first signal generation mode to the second signal generation mode is satisfied. As another example, if the first device 110 is working in the first signal generation mode and the frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than the offset threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is satisfied.
[0068] In some other embodiments, if the first device 110 is working in the second signal generation mode and the RSRP of a carrier wave for backscatter is less than another quality threshold, the condition for switching from the second signal generation mode to the first signal generation mode is satisfied. The other quality threshold may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned quality threshold. As another example, if the first device 110 is working in the second signal generation mode and the frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is larger than another offset threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the condition for switching from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is satisfied. The other offset threshold may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned offset threshold.
[0069] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the first signal generation mode to the second signal generation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may transmit (2015) a request for the switching to the second device 120. After receiving (2015) the request from the first device 110, the second device 120 may transmit (2020) a response indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) of the request to the first device 110. After receiving (2020) the response from the second device 120, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the second signal generation mode. For example, the first device 110 may generate the external backscattering transmission signal. The external backscattering may include amplifying the backscatter signal.
[0070] Alternatively, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the second signal generation mode to the first signal generation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may transmit (2015) a request for the switching to the second device 120. In other words, the first device 110 may request to the second device 120 to increase its capability. After receiving (2015) the request from the first device 110, the second device 120 may transmit (2020) a response indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) of the request to the first device 110. After receiving (2020) the response from the second device 120, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the first signal generation mode. For example, the first device 110 may generate the active transmission signal.
[0071] In some embodiments, the request and acknowledgment may be transmitted in an A-IoT control information (ACI) . Alternatively, the request and acknowledgment may be transmitted in a medium access control control element (MAC CE) . In some other embodiments, the request may be transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) message.
[0072] In some embodiments, the request may be a long time request. For example, the request may be a long time request that the first device 110 leaves out the first signal generation mode and works in the second signal generation mode until having a further switching command from the second device 120. In some other embodiments, the request may be a short time request. For example, the request may be a short time request that the first device 110 works in the second signal generation mode for a time period and returns back to the first signal generation mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic. Alternatively, the request is a one-shot request. For example, the request may be a one-shot request that the first device 110 works in the second signal generation mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first signal generation mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0073] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the first signal generation mode to the second signal generation mode is satisfied, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the second signal generation mode. In this case, the first device 110 may switch to the second signal generation mode without requesting the second device 120. The first device 110 may transmit (2030) an indication regarding the switching to the second signal generation mode to the second device 120. Alternatively, if the first device 110 determines (2010) that the condition for switching from the second signal generation mode to the first operation signal generation is satisfied, the first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the first signal generation mode. In this case, the first device 110 may switch to the first signal generation mode without requesting the second device 120. The first device 110 may transmit (2030) an indication regarding the switching to the first signal generation mode to the second device 120.
[0074] In some other embodiments, the second device 120 may transmit (2005) a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode (for example, the first signal generation mode or the second signal generation mode) to the first device 110. After receiving (2005) the first indication, the first device 110 may determine (2010) the condition for switching to the target mode is satisfied based on the reception (2005) of the first indication. The first device 110 may perform (2025) the switching to the target mode and then transmit (2040) an indication regarding the switching being successful to the second device 120.
[0075] According to embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2, for device type 2 capable ambient IoT tag, it may need to reduce its capability to device type 1 temporarily, for example due to lack of storage energy that needs additional time to harvest energy from ambient energy source. After enough energy has been harvested, it could revert back to device type 2 model from device type 1 model again. Further, when external carrier wave quality is good, using external carrier wave is benefit for node’s interference cancelation detention. When external carrier wave quality is not good, using internal generated carrier wave is benefit for received power at node.
[0076] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of mode switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, for example, by using the first device 110, the second device 120 and the third device 130.
[0077] The second device 120 transmits (3010) a first signal to the first device 110. The third device 130 transmits (3020) a second signal to the first device 110. In other words, the first device 110 receives the first signal from the second device 120 and the second signal from the third device 130. The second device 120 is associated with the first topology 100 shown in FIG. 1A, which shows that the second device 120 directly communicates with the first device 110. The third device 130 is associated with the second topology 100’ shown in FIG. 1B, which shows that the second device 120 communicates with the first device 110 though the third device 130.
[0078] The first device 110 determines (3030) a target device from the second device 120 and the third device 130 based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device. The first device 110 performs a transmission with the target device. In this way, a better service quality can be achieved. Topology selection may be a part of tag’s node selection procedure.
[0079] In some embodiments, the target topology may be indicated by the second device 120. For example, the second device 120 may inform which device / node (i.e., the second device or the third device 130) needs to be selected tag in following transmission or in the next transmission in the command. The first device 110 may not be required to response the command from the second device 120, if the command node (i.e., the second device 120) is not selected node after node selection procedure.
[0080] In some embodiments, the priority information may be preconfigured. Alternatively, the priority information may be configured by the network device (for example, the second device 120) .
[0081] In some embodiments, if the priority information indicates that the first topology 100 has a higher priority than the second topology 100’, the first device 110 may determine (3030) the target device to be the second device 120. For example, the first topology 100 has a higher priority by default without any configuration. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040) the transmission with the second device 120.
[0082] In some other embodiments, if the priority information indicates that the second topology 100’ has a higher priority than the first topology 100, the first device 110 may determine (3030) the target device to be the third device 130. For example, the second topology 100’ has a higher priority by default without any configuration. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040’) the transmission with the third device 130.
[0083] In some embodiments, a topology which is selected in the last transmission / connection may have a higher priority. For example, if the priority information indicates that a topology which is selected in a previous transmission has a higher priority, the first device 110 may determine (3030) which topology is selected in the previous transmission. In this case, if the first topology 110 is selected in the transmission, the first device 110 may determine (3030) the target device to be the second device 120 and may perform (3040) the transmission with the second device 120. Alternatively, if the second topology 100’ is selected in the transmission, the first device 110 may determine (3030) the target device to be the third device 130 and may perform (3040’) the transmission with the third device 130.
[0084] In some other embodiments, if a stored energy is larger than a first threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology and determine (3030) the target device to be the second device 120. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040) the transmission with the second device 120.
[0085] In some further embodiments, if a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device 120 is larger than a second threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology and determine (3030) the target device to be the second device 120. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040) the transmission with the second device 120.
[0086] In some embodiments, if a stored energy is less than a first threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the second topology 100’ has a higher priority than the first topology 100 and determine the target device to be the third device 130. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040’) the transmission with the third device 130.
[0087] In some other embodiments, if a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is less than a third threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the second topology 100’ has a higher priority than the first topology 100 and determine the target device to be the third device 130. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040’) the transmission with the third device 130.
[0088] In some further embodiments, if a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the third device is larger than a fourth threshold, the first device 110 may determine that the second topology 100’ has a higher priority than the first topology 100 and determine the target device to be the third device 130. In this case, the first device 110 may perform (3040’) the transmission with the third device 130.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive the first signal from the second device in a downlink spectrum in a frequency division duplex band. The first device 110 may also receive the second signal from the third device in an uplink spectrum in the frequency division duplex band. For ambient IoT operation in FDD band, the first device 110 can distinguish node type, i.e. first node (the second device 110) or second node (the third device 130) , based on the spectrum where the command is received.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the first signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the first signal. In some embodiments, the second signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the second signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the second signal.
[0091] In some embodiments, if the target device is the second device 120, the first device 110 may switch to a frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the first signal. Alternatively, or in addition, if the target device is the third device 130, the first device 110 may switch to the frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the second signal.
[0092] According to embodiments described with reference to FIG. 3, the tag can select the proper node that better service quality is expected for the selected node. Type 1 node (network node) can transmit command in DL spectrum, i.e. doesn’t need to transmit command signal in UL spectrum which may cause high interference to UL received signals. Type 2 node (UE node) can transmit command in UL spectrum that can reuse the current RF chain, i.e. doesn’t need to introduce a new RF chain to transmit signal in DL spectrum.
[0093] It is noted the embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 can be implemented in any proper combinations or can be implemented separately.
[0094] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 400 implemented at a first device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
[0095] At block 410, the first device 110 determine whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode.
[0096] At block 420, the first device 110 performs a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.
[0097] In some example embodiments, the first operation mode and the second operation mode have at least one of: a common radio protocol, a common timing, a common frame structure, or a common waveform.
[0098] In some example embodiments, at least one of the followings of the second operation mode is smaller than that of the first operation mode: a maximum transmission power, a maximum transmission burst duration, or a maximum transmission coverage level.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the method 400 comprises in response to the condition being satisfied, transmitting a request for the switching to the second device; receiving, from the second device, a response indicating an acknowledgment of the request; and switching to the target mode based on the response.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the request is a long time request that the first device leaves out the first mode and works in the second mode until having a further switching command from the second device, or wherein the request is a short time request that the first device works in the second mode for a time period and returns back to the first mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic, or wherein the request is a one-shot request that the first device works in the second mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the method 400 comprises in response to the condition being satisfied, switching to the target mode; and transmitting, to the second device, an indication regarding the switching to the target mode.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the method 400 comprises receiving, from the second device, a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode; determining that the condition is satisfied based on the reception of the first indication; switching to the target mode based on the indication; and transmitting, to the second device, a second indication regarding the switching being successful.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the condition comprises at least one of: a lack of storage energy, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold, the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold, a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold, the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold, a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, or a frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than a offset threshold.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the method 400 comprises transmitting, to the second device, an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode, wherein no transmission is performed under the third operation mode.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, and the second device is a network device or a terminal device.
[0107] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 500 implemented at a second device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
[0108] At block 510, the second device 120 receives, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.
[0109] In some example embodiments, the first operation mode and the second operation mode have at least one of: a common radio protocol, a common timing, a common frame structure, or a common waveform.
[0110] In some example embodiments, at least one of the followings of the second operation mode is smaller than that of the first operation mode: a maximum transmission power, a maximum transmission burst duration, or a maximum transmission coverage level.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal.
[0112] In some example embodiments, the method 500 comprises receiving a request for a switching to the target mode from the first device; and transmitting, to the first device, a response indicating an acknowledgment of the request.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the request is a long time request that the first device leaves out the first mode and works in the second mode until having a further switching command from the second device, or wherein the request is a short time request that the first device works in the second mode for a time period and returns back to the first mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic, or wherein the request is a one-shot request that the first device works in the second mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the method 500 comprises receiving, from the first device, an indication regarding the switching to the target mode.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the method 500 comprises transmitting, to the first device, a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode; and receiving, from the first device, a second indication regarding the switching being successful.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the condition comprises at least one of: a lack of storage energy, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold, the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold, a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold, the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold, a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, or a frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than a offset threshold.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the method 500 comprises receiving, from the first device, an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode, wherein no transmission is performed under the third operation mode.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, and the second device is a network device or a terminal device.
[0119] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a first device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
[0120] At block 610, the first device 110 receives a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology.
[0121] At block 620, the first device 110 receives a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology.
[0122] At block 630, the first device 110 determines a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device.
[0123] At block 640, the first device 110 performs a transmission with the target device.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the priority information is preconfigured, or wherein the priority information is configured by the network device.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to the priority information indicating that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology, determining the target device to be the second device.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to the priority information indicating that the second topology has a higher priority than the first topology, determining the target device to be the third device.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to the priority information indicating that a topology which is selected in a previous transmission has a higher priority, determining which topology is selected in the previous transmission; and in response to that the first topology is selected in the transmission, determining the target device to be the second device; or in response to that the second topology is selected in the transmission, determining the target device to be the third device.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to at least one of: a stored energy is larger than a first threshold or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is larger than a second threshold, determining that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology; and determining the target device to be the second device.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to at least one of: a stored energy is less than a first threshold, a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is less than a third threshold, or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the third device is larger than a fourth threshold, determining that the second topology has a higher priority than the first topology; and determining the target device to be the third device.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises receiving the first signal from the second device in a downlink spectrum in a frequency division duplex band; and receiving the second signal from the third device in an uplink spectrum in the frequency division duplex band.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the first signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the first signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the first signal, and wherein the second signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the second signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the second signal.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the method 600 comprises in response to the target device being the second device, switching to a frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the first signal; and in response to the target device being the third device, switching to the frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the second signal.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a terminal device.
[0134] FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of a device 700 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 700 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 700 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0135] As shown, the device 700 includes a processor 710, a memory 720 coupled to the processor 710, a suitable transceiver 740 coupled to the processor 710, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 740. The memory 720 stores at least a part of a program 730. The transceiver 740 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 740 may include at least one of a transmitter 742 and a receiver 744. The transmitter 742 and the receiver 744 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 740 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0136] The program 730 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 710, enable the device 700 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 710 of the device 700, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 710 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 710 and memory 720 may form processing means 750 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0137] The memory 720 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 720 is shown in the device 700, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 700. The processor 710 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 700 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0138] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device, comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode ; and perform a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device, as discussed above.
[0139] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device, comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device, as discussed above.
[0140] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device, comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology; receive a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology; determine a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; and perform a transmission with the target device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device, as discussed above.
[0141] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0142] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus, is provided. The first apparatus, comprises means for determining whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode ; and means for performing a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0143] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus, is provided. The second apparatus, comprises means for receiving, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0144] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus, is provided. The first apparatus, comprises means for receiving a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology; means for receiving a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology; means for determining a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; and means for performing a transmission with the target device. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0145] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0146] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: determine whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode ; and perform a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.
[0147] In some embodiments, the first operation mode and the second operation mode have at least one of: a common radio protocol, a common timing, a common frame structure, or a common waveform.
[0148] In some embodiments, at least one of the followings of the second operation mode is smaller than that of the first operation mode: a maximum transmission power, a maximum transmission burst duration, or a maximum transmission coverage level.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal.
[0150] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the condition being satisfied, transmit a request for the switching to the second device; receive, from the second device, a response indicating an acknowledgment of the request; and switch to the target mode based on the response.
[0151] In some embodiments, the request is a long time request that the first device leaves out the first mode and works in the second mode until having a further switching command from the second device, or wherein the request is a short time request that the first device works in the second mode for a time period and returns back to the first mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic, or wherein the request is a one-shot request that the first device works in the second mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0152] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the condition being satisfied, switch to the target mode; and transmit, to the second device, an indication regarding the switching to the target mode.
[0153] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: receive, from the second device, a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode; determine that the condition is satisfied based on the reception of the first indication; switch to the target mode based on the indication; and transmit, to the second device, a second indication regarding the switching being successful.
[0154] In some embodiments, the condition comprises at least one of: a lack of storage energy, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold, the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold, a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold, the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold, a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, or a frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than a offset threshold.
[0155] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: transmit, to the second device, an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode, wherein no transmission is performed under the third operation mode.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, and the second device is a network device or a terminal device.
[0157] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.
[0158] In some embodiments, the first operation mode and the second operation mode have at least one of: a common radio protocol, a common timing, a common frame structure, or a common waveform.
[0159] In some embodiments, at least one of the followings of the second operation mode is smaller than that of the first operation mode: a maximum transmission power, a maximum transmission burst duration, or a maximum transmission coverage level.
[0160] In some embodiments, the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal.
[0161] In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: receive a request for a switching to the target mode from the first device; and transmit, to the first device, a response indicating an acknowledgment of the request.
[0162] In some embodiments, the request is a long time request that the first device leaves out the first mode and works in the second mode until having a further switching command from the second device, or wherein the request is a short time request that the first device works in the second mode for a time period and returns back to the first mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic, or wherein the request is a one-shot request that the first device works in the second mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first mode for a subsequent transmission burst.
[0163] In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: receive, from the first device, an indication regarding the switching to the target mode.
[0164] In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: transmit, to the first device, a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode; and receive, from the first device, a second indication regarding the switching being successful.
[0165] In some embodiments, the condition comprises at least one of: a lack of storage energy, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold, the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold, a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold, the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold, a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, or a frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than a offset threshold.
[0166] In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: receive, from the first device, an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode, wherein no transmission is performed under the third operation mode.
[0167] In some embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, and the second device is a network device or a terminal device.
[0168] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: receive a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology; receive a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology; determine a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; and perform a transmission with the target device.
[0169] In some embodiments, the priority information is preconfigured, or wherein the priority information is configured by the network device.
[0170] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the priority information indicating that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology, determine the target device to be the second device.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the priority information indicating that the second topology has a higher priority than the first topology, determine the target device to be the third device.
[0172] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the priority information indicating that a topology which is selected in a previous transmission has a higher priority, determine which topology is selected in the previous transmission; and in response to that the first topology is selected in the transmission, determine the target device to be the second device; or in response to that the second topology is selected in the transmission, determine the target device to be the third device.
[0173] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to at least one of: a stored energy is larger than a first threshold or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is larger than a second threshold, determine that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology; and determine the target device to be the second device.
[0174] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to at least one of: a stored energy is less than a first threshold, a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is less than a third threshold, or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the third device is larger than a fourth threshold, determine that the second topology has a higher priority than the first topology; and determine the target device to be the third device.
[0175] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: receive the first signal from the second device in a downlink spectrum in a frequency division duplex band; and receive the second signal from the third device in an uplink spectrum in the frequency division duplex band.
[0176] In some embodiments, the first signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the first signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the first signal, and wherein the second signal indicates whether a carrier wave used for backscattering is the same frequency as the second signal or in another frequency different from a current carrier of the second signal.
[0177] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to the target device being the second device, switch to a frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the first signal; and in response to the target device being the third device, switch to the frequency spectrum for the transmission based on the second signal.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a terminal device.
[0179] In an aspect, a first device, comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device, discussed above.
[0180] In an aspect, a second device, comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device, discussed above.
[0181] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device, discussed above.
[0182] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device, discussed above.
[0183] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device, discussed above.
[0184] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device, discussed above.
[0185] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0186] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0187] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0188] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0189] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0190] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the first device to:determine whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode; andperform a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first signal generation mode is to generate an active transmission signal, and the second signal generation mode is to an external carrier wave to generate a backscattering transmission signal.3.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to the condition being satisfied, transmit a request for the switching to the second device;receive, from the second device, a response indicating an acknowledgment of the request; andswitch to the target mode based on the response.4.The first device of claim 3, wherein the request is a long time request that the first device leaves out the first mode and works in the second mode until having a further switching command from the second device, orwherein the request is a short time request that the first device works in the second mode for a time period and returns back to the first mode after the time period, and the time period is periodic or aperiodic, orwherein the request is a one-shot request that the first device works in the second mode for a current transmission burst only and returns back to the first mode for a subsequent transmission burst.5.The first device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to the condition being satisfied, switch to the target mode; andtransmit, to the second device, an indication regarding the switching to the target mode.6.The first device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first device is caused to:receive, from the second device, a first indication regarding a switching to the target mode;determine that the condition is satisfied based on the reception of the first indication;switch to the target mode based on the indication; andtransmit, to the second device, a second indication regarding the switching being successful.7.The first device of any of claims 1-6, wherein the condition comprises at least one of:a lack of storage energy,a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal received from the second device being higher than a first RSRP threshold,the RSRP of the reference signal being smaller than a second RSRP threshold,a data volume for the transmission is higher than a first data volume threshold,the data volume for the transmission is smaller than a second data volume threshold,a quality of a carrier wave for backscatter is larger than a quality threshold, ora frequency offset of the carrier wave used for backscatter is less than a offset threshold.8.The first device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first device is caused to:transmit, to the second device, an indication for switching to or switching from a third operation mode, wherein no transmission is performed under the third operation mode.9.The first device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of thing (IoT) tag, and the second device is a network device or a terminal device.10.A second device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.11.A first device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the first device to:receive a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology;receive a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology;determine a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; andperform a transmission with the target device.12.The first device of claim 11, wherein the priority information is preconfigured, orwherein the priority information is configured by the network device.13.The first device of claim 11, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to the priority information indicating that a topology which is selected in a previous transmission has a higher priority, determine which topology is selected in the previous transmission; andin response to that the first topology is selected in the transmission, determine the target device to be the second device; orin response to that the second topology is selected in the transmission, determine the target device to be the third device.14.The first device of claim 11, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to at least one of: a stored energy is larger than a first threshold or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is larger than a second threshold, determine that the first topology has a higher priority than the second topology; anddetermine the target device to be the second device.15.The first device of claim 11, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to at least one of: a stored energy is less than a first threshold, a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the second device is less than a third threshold, or a quality of carrier wave corresponding to the third device is larger than a fourth threshold, determine that the second topology has a higher priority than the first topology; anddetermine the target device to be the third device.16.The first device of any of claims 11-15, wherein the first device is caused to:receive the first signal from the second device in a downlink spectrum in a frequency division duplex band; andreceive the second signal from the third device in an uplink spectrum in the frequency division duplex band.17.A communication method implemented at a first device, comprising:determining whether a condition for switching between a first mode and a second mode is satisfied, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode; andperforming a transmission with a second device based on a target mode from the first and second modes which the first device is switched to based on the determination.18.A communication method implemented at a second device, comprising:receiving, from a first device, a transmission that is transmitted based on a target mode from a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is a first operation mode and the second mode is a second operation mode that requires less power than the first operation mode, or wherein the first mode is a first signal generation mode and the second mode is a second signal generation mode which requires less power than the first signal generation mode.19.A communication method implemented at a first device, comprising:receiving a first signal from a second device associated with a first topology;receiving a second signal from a third device associated with a second topology;determining a target device from the second and third devices based on one of: priority information of the first and second topologies or an indication regarding the target device from a network device; andperforming a transmission with the target device.20.A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 17-19.
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