Soft satellite switching without PCI change
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077201
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-23
AI Technical Summary
User equipment (UE) struggles to distinguish between signals from different satellites transmitting the same Physical Cell Identity (PCI), leading to difficulties in soft satellite switching in non-terrestrial networks.
The UE employs processing circuitry to analyze synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) from multiple satellites, using techniques such as timing offsets, SMTC window configurations, and proximity distances in the time domain to differentiate SSBs from different satellites, even when they share the same PCI.
Enables effective soft satellite switching by accurately identifying the source of SSBs, maintaining downlink synchronization, and reducing processing time and resource consumption during satellite transitions.
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Figure CN2024077201_23102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Soft Satellite Switching Without PCI ChangeTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication, and in particular, to soft satellite switching without PCI change.Background
[0002] A user equipment (UE) may establish a connection to at least one of multiple different networks or types of networks, e.g., a public land mobile network (PLMN) operating a radio access network (RAN) . A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network utilizing non-terrestrial components, e.g., one or more satellites, to provide UE access to a PLMN.
[0003] In some scenarios, multiple satellites may be used for the same cell, e.g., satellite 1 and satellite 2 are configured to operate with cell 1. In this scenario, each satellite belonging to the same cell may transmit the same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) , e.g., satellite 1 and satellite 2 transmit the PCI of cell 1. During operation, a user equipment (UE) may have to switch from satellite 1 to satellite 2 or vice versa based on various factors such as UE movement, satellite movement, etc. When performing this switching, the UE may receive signals from both satellite 1 and satellite 2 with the same PCI. In this case, the UE may not be able to distinguish the signals between the two satellites and perform the necessary operations to accomplish the switch.Summary
[0004] Some example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process, based on signals received from a network, a synchronization signal block (SSB) configuration for a first satellite or a second satellite, process a plurality of SSBs, wherein each of the plurality of SSBs comprise a same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and determine, based on the SSB configuration, a first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and a second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite.
[0005] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to determine a received timing difference (RTD) between a first synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a first satellite and a second SSB transmitted by a second satellite, determine the RTD is less than or equal to a cyclic prefix (CP) time of the first and second SSBs and determine a timing to monitor the second satellite based on the RTD being less than or equal to the CP time.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0006] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement according to various example embodiments.
[0007] Fig. 2 shows an example user equipment (UE) according to various example embodiments.
[0008] Fig. 3 shows an example base station according to various example embodiments.
[0009] Fig. 4 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture according to various example embodiments.
[0010] Fig. 5 shows an example soft satellite switching scenario 500 according to various example embodiments.
[0011] Fig. 6 shows an example of a timing diagram where the network has defined Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) windows are associated with a particular satellite according to various example embodiments.
[0012] Fig. 7 shows example correlation results for a UE detecting SSBs from two satellites according to various example embodiments.
[0013] Fig. 8 shows example correlation results for a UE detecting SSBs from two satellites having different SSB indexes according to various example embodiments.Detailed Description
[0014] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to distinguishing reference signals received from two different satellites where the reference signals comprise a same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) value. The reference signals may comprise synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) that are scrambled using the PCI value.
[0015] The example embodiments are described with regard to a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0016] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G New Radio (NR) network. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any network that may establish a connection to a UE and exchange information and data with the UE (e.g., 5G-Advanced networks, 6G networks, etc. ) .
[0017] The example embodiments are further described with regard to a 5G NR network integrated with a non-terrestrial-network (NTN) utilizing one or more satellites to provide UE access to the 5G NR radio access network (RAN) . A satellite-based NTN may be deployed by a public land mobile network (PLMN) and may be further integrated with a terrestrial network (TN) of the PLMN. Throughout this description, the non-terrestrial component is generally described as a satellite. However, any reference to a satellite is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other types of non-terrestrial components, e.g., airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc.
[0018] The example embodiments are related to various manners of determining an identity of a satellite that transmitted an SSB where multiple satellites are transmitting SSBs that include the same PCI. The example embodiments include solutions for when the different SSBs from different satellites include a same SSB index or when the SSBs include different SSB indexes.
[0019] In some example embodiments, a fine granularity time offset is used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. In other example embodiments, SMTC window configuration is used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. In further example embodiments, a proximity distance in the time domain is used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. In additional example embodiments, SSB index reading for all possible correlation peaks from PSS / SSS detection is used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites.
[0020] In some example embodiments, a received timing difference (RTD) between SSBs transmitted by different satellites is used to determine whether timing from one satellite may be used as the timing for another satellite. These and other example embodiments are described in greater detail below.
[0021] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement 100 according to various example embodiments. The example network arrangement 100 includes a UE 110. The UE 110 may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. An actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE 110 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0022] The UE 110 may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network arrangement 100, the network with which the UE 110 may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120. However, the UE 110 may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) , a long term evolution RAN, a legacy cellular network, a WLAN, etc. ) and the UE 110 may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. With regard to the example embodiments, the UE 110 may establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120. Therefore, the UE 110 may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN 120.
[0023] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be a portion of a public land mobile network (PLMN) that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc. ) . The 5G NR RAN 120 may include, for example, cells or base stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc. ) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set.
[0024] In the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 includes a base station (e.g., gNB 120A) that may be in a terrestrial network (TN) deployment or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment. For example, a satellite-based system may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN 120 to provide network access to the UE 110 in the NTN deployment and the base station may, in some cases, be located on a non-terrestrial component, e.g., a satellite. An example NTN network architecture will be described in greater detail below with reference to Fig. 4.
[0025] Returning to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1, the gNB 120A may include one or more communication interfaces to exchange data and / or information with the UE 110, the corresponding 5G NR RAN 120, the cellular core network 130, the internet 140, etc.
[0026] The UE 110 may connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120 via the gNB 120A. Any association procedure may be performed for the UE 110 to connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120. For example, as discussed above, the 5G NR-RAN 120 may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE 110 and / or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card) . Upon detecting the presence of the 5G NR-RAN 120, the UE 110 may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the 5G NR-RAN 120. More specifically, the UE 110 may associate with a specific cell (e.g., the gNB 120A) . However, as mentioned above, reference to the 5G NR-RAN 120 is merely for illustrative purposes and any appropriate type of RAN may be used.
[0027] In addition to the 5G NR RAN 120, the network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network services backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. The cellular core network 130 also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet 140.
[0028] The IMS 150 may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using the IP protocol. The IMS 150 may communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide the multimedia services to the UE 110. The network services backbone 160 is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network services backbone 160 may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc. ) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE 110 in communication with the various networks.
[0029] Fig. 2 shows an example UE 110 according to various example embodiments. The UE 110 will be described with regard to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1. The UE 110 may include a processor 205, a memory arrangement 210, a display device 215, an input / output (I / O) device 220, a transceiver 225 and other components 230. The other components 230 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE 110 to other electronic devices, etc.
[0030] The processor 205 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE 110. For example, the engines may include an SSB engine 235. The SSB engine 235 may perform various operations related to receiving and decoding SSBs from more than one satellite. Specifically, the SSB engine 235 may allow the UE to distinguish SSBs having the same PCI that are received from different satellites. To provide some general examples, the SSB engine 235 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, receiving an SSB configuration from a network, determining, based on the SSB configuration, the source of received SSBs, and determining timing information to be used for monitoring satellites. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0031] The above referenced engine 235 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 205 is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 235 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE 110 or may be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engine may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor 205 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE.
[0032] The memory arrangement 210 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 215 may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I / O device 220 may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device 215 and the I / O device 220 may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen.
[0033] The transceiver 225 may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR-RAN 120, an LTE-RAN (not pictured) , a legacy RAN (not pictured) , a WLAN (not pictured) , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver 225 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 225 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 205 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 225 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 225. The processor 205 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0034] Fig. 3 shows an example base station 300 according to various example embodiments. The base station 300 may represent the gNB 120A or any other type of access node through which the UE 110 may establish a connection and manage network operations.
[0035] The base station 300 may include a processor 305, a memory arrangement 310, an input / output (I / O) device 315, a transceiver 320, and other components 325. The other components 325 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the base station 300 to other electronic devices and / or power sources, TxRUs, transceiver chains, antenna elements, antenna panels, etc.
[0036] The processor 305 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines for the base station 300. For example, the engines may include an SSB configuration engine 330. The SSB configuration engine 330 may perform various operations related to configuring a UE with information that may be used to distinguish SSBs having a same PCI that are transmitted by different satellites. To provide some general examples, the SSB configuration engine 330 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, configuring the UE with an SSB configuration, wherein the configurations comprises information such as timing offset information, SMTC window information, and a proximity distance in the time domain information. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0037] The above noted engine 330 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 305 is only an example. The functionality associated with the engine 330 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the base station 300 or may be a modular component coupled to the base station 300, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 305 is split among a plurality of processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an applications processor, etc. ) . The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a base station.
[0038] The memory arrangement 310 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the base station 300. The I / O device 315 may be a hardware component or ports that enable a user to interact with the base station 300.
[0039] The transceiver 320 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and any other UEs in the network arrangement 100. The transceiver 320 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . Therefore, the transceiver 320 may include one or more components to enable the data exchange with the various networks and UEs. The transceiver 320 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 305 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 320 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 320. The processor 305 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a UE) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0040] Fig. 4 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture 400 according to various example embodiments. An NTN may relate to any network using non-terrestrial components, such as satellites, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc., to provide network services to a user terminal.
[0041] The NTN architecture 400 represents a network arrangement including one or more satellites, which in this example shows two satellite 410 and 420 that are integrated with a radio access network (RAN) 440. The RAN 440 may be, for example, the 5G NR RAN 120 described above with respect to Fig. 1. The NTN architecture 400 includes a gateway 430 connecting the terrestrial network 440 with the NTN components. In the NTN architecture 400 of Fig. 4, the gateway 430 and the satellites 410 and 420 communicate via feeder links. In some NTN deployments, satellites may be served by several gateways simultaneously.
[0042] The satellites 410 and 420 provide network services to a UE 110 via a service link (not shown) . The satellites 410 and 420 may implement either a transparent payload or a regenerative payload. A transparent payload refers to an arrangement where the satellites 410 and 420 receive signals and transmit an amplified version of the signal, with a frequency conversion. For example, the satellite 410 may receive uplink communications from the UE 110 on service link frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the gateway 430 on feeder link frequencies or may receive downlink communications via the gateway 430 on feeder link frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the UE 110 on service link frequencies. A regenerative payload refers to an arrangement where the satellites 410 and 420 act as a distributed unit (DU) or a base station (e.g., a gNB) , wherein received signals are regenerated with signal-processing techniques (e.g., demodulation, decoding, switching, encoding, modulation, etc. ) before being re-transmitted.
[0043] With reference to Fig. 1, in a regenerative payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on an aerial component, e.g., the satellites 410 and / or 420 of Fig. 4. In a transparent payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on the ground and the satellites 410 and 420 are used to mirror the signals between the gNB 120A and the UE 110, as described above. In either case, in the example embodiments, the satellites 410 and 420 may transmit signals that include the same PCI as will be described in greater detail below.
[0044] The example NTN architecture 400 shown in Fig. 4 is not intended to limit the example embodiments in any way. NTNs may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN and / or other networks in any one of a variety of manners. For example, a typical satellite-based NTN may comprise a low earth orbit (LEO) constellation including an array of satellites and gateways with broad interconnectivity via ground-to-ground station (G2G) links, satellite-to-satellite (S2S) links, ground-to-satellite (G2S) links, and satellite-to-ground (S2G) links. Other types of satellite-based NTNs may include geostationary-orbiting (GEO) satellites or medium-earth-orbiting (MEO) satellites.
[0045] The different types of NTNs each have respective strengths and weaknesses and may be deployed in a variety of scenarios, depending on the goal to be achieved, e.g., broad coverage across a large region, concentrated coverage in an urban environment or along a highly trafficked route, etc. Thus, the NTN architecture 400 described in Fig. 4 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0046] Fig. 5 shows an example soft satellite switching scenario 500 according to various example embodiments. In Fig. 5, there are two satellites 510 and 520 that may communicate with a UE 110. At time t1, the satellite 510 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 510. The satellite 520 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0047] At a later time t2, it is determined that the coverage area that includes the UE 110 is to be switched from the satellite 510 to the satellite 520. In this example and throughout the following description, the satellite that is currently providing the service for the coverage area may be referred to as a “source” satellite and the satellite to which the UE is switching may be referred to as a “target” satellite. There there may be various reasons for the satellite switching to be triggered, such as movement of the UE 110, movement of the satellites 510 and 520, etc. The example embodiments are not limited to any particular satellite switching trigger.
[0048] In a soft satellite switching scenario, during the duration of t2, both the satellites 510 and 520 will be transmitting signals for the coverage area including the UE 110. During this time t2, the signals transmitted by the satellites 510 and 520 may include the same PCI. It may be desired that the UE 110 monitor both satellites 510 and 520 during this switching duration. Monitoring both satellites may include maintaining downlink (DL) synchronization with both satellites, e.g., time / frequency synchronization. This DL synchronization may be accomplished based on monitoring reference signals (RSs) trans mitted by the satellites 510 and 520. However, when both the satellites 510 and 520 are transmitting RSs that include the same PCI (e.g., the RSs may be scrambled with the PCI) , the UE 110 may not be able to distinguish which RS belongs to which satellite. This may cause the UE 110 to lose DL synchronization with one or both of the satellites 510 or 520.
[0049] When the satellite switching is complete, at time t3, the satellite 520 is providing the coverage area that includes the UE 110, e.g., the UE is communicating with the RAN via satellite 520. The satellite 510 is not transmitting signals for the coverage area.
[0050] The example embodiments provide various manners for a UE to distinguish RSs transmitted by two or more satellites that are used by the UE for DL synchronization with the two or more satellites. In the example embodiments, the RSs are described as synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) . The example embodiments are not limited to using SSBs for DL synchronization, the example embodiments may be implemented for any RS transmitted by the satellites that are used for DL synchronization, e.g., Primary Sync Signal (P-SS) , cell-specific reference signal (C- RS) in LTE or different synchronization RSs defined in future evolutions of the cellular standards. SSBs may include various fields including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) . The PSS and the SSS may be scrambled by the PCI. Thus, as described above, when the UE detects the PSS and SSS, the UE may not detect what satellite transmitted the SSB. Some example embodiments provide for a timing offset of the SSBs transmitted by the different satellites to allow the UE to distinguish the SSBs from different satellites based on detecting the PSS and SSS.
[0051] If the UE were to decode the PBCH and / or DMRS from the SSBs transmitted by the different satellites, the UE may be able to distinguish the SSBs based on the SSB index. However, because of various issues with the transmitted signals such as a small time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the RSs from two satellites arriving at the UE, multi-path interference, etc., the UE may have to process multiple signals to determine which SSB belongs to which satellite. This may cause the UE to use too much time and too many processing resources to make this determination. Thus, other example embodiments are described that allow the UE to select a subset of received signals such that the UE reduces the number of signals that the UE may process to make the determination. Each of these example embodiments are described in greater detail below.
[0052] As described above, in some example embodiments, to differentiate SSBs from different satellites with a same PCI, a time offset between the SSB transmission by the satellites may be used. In the first set of examples, the satellites may use a same SSB index. These examples will be described with reference to Fig. 5 where the source satellite is satellite 510 and the target satellite is satellite 520. In the below examples, the network may signal various configurations to the UE 110. These configurations may be signaled to the UE 110 in any manner, e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling, System Information Block (SIB) signaling, etc.
[0053] In a first example, a time offset may have a finer granularity than slot, subframe or millisecond (ms) level. For example, the time offset may be applied to the source satellite 510 SSB timing, and the UE 110 may use the time offset to derive the SSB timing of the target satellite 520. The granularity of the time offset may be an absolute value, a symbol level, a multiple of a cyclic prefix (CP) level, a proportion of the CP level, or in terms of a timing unit (e.g., Ts or Tc such as 1 Ts= 1 / (2048*15000) sec, 1 Ts = 64*Tc) . In some examples, the time offset may be equal to or greater than 1 subframe, e.g., 1ms.
[0054] In this example, the UE 110 is aware of the source satellite 510 SSB timing and the UE 110 may apply the time offset on top of this SSB timing, e.g., since the UE 110 knows the SSB timing of the source satellite and the timing offset the UE 110 may determine whether a received SSB is from the source satellite or the target satellite. The time offset may be signaled from the network to the UE 110 and may be associated with a PCI or with an SSB index.
[0055] In another example, the SSBs from the source satellite 510 and the target satellite 520 may be in different SS / PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) windows and the SMTC windows for the source satellite 510 and the target satellite 520 may not be overlapped in the time domain. This example may be implemented by the network, e.g., the network may enforce this rule when configuring soft satellite switches.
[0056] The network may provide an association between SMTC windows and the SSB of the source satellite 510 and / or the target satellite 520 to the UE 110. The UE 110 may then determine which SMTC window is used for which satellite. The UE 110 may determine that an SSB identified in a specific SMTC window is associated a specific satellite.
[0057] Fig. 6 shows an example of a timing diagram 600 where the network has defined SMTC windows are associated with a particular satellite according to various example embodiments. In the example of Fig. 6, the network may define that the SMTC window 1, e.g., SMTC 1 610 and SMTC 1 630, are associated with the source satellite 510. Similarly, the network may define that the SMTC window 2, e.g., SMTC 2 620 and SMTC 2 640, are associated with the target satellite 520. The network may only define one these associations because the UE 110 may then imply that the other SMTC window is associated with the other satellite. However, the network may define both associations. As described above, the SMTC windows 1 and 2 do not overlap in the time domain.
[0058] During the SMTC window 1 610, the UE 110 may blindly detect the SSB 611. Because the UE 110 has been configured with information associating the SMTC window 1 with the source satellite 510, the UE 110 may determine that any SSB detected in SMTC window 1 610 is an SSB transmitted by the source satellite 510. Similarly, during the SMTC window 2 620, the UE 110 may blindly detect the SSB 621. Because the UE 110 has been configured with information associating the SMTC window 2 with the target satellite 520, the UE 110 may determine that any SSB detected in SMTC window 2 620 is an SSB transmitted by the target satellite 510. In this example, the exact timing of the SSB in the SMTC window is irrelevant because as long as the association between the SMTC window and the satellite is known, the exact timing within the SMTC does not matter.
[0059] In a further example, if the original SSB periodicity or SMTC periodicity of the cell is X ms, then different satellites under same PCI may use n*X ms as the SSB or SMTC periodicity, where n is an integer greater than 1, e.g., n=2 for two satellites. To provide a specific example, an original cell SSB periodicity may be 20ms, then to support satellite switching without PCI, the source satellite 510 SSB periodicity may be 40ms (e.g., 2*20ms) , and the target satellite 520 SSB periodicity may also be 40ms (e.g., 2*20ms) . The source satellite 510 may transmit the SSBs at 0ms, 40ms, 80ms, etc., while the target satellite 520 may transmit SSBs at 20ms, 60ms, 100ms, etc. Thus, in this example, the cell SSB periodicity is 20ms and a different satellite can transmit the SSB at each 20ms interval. The UE 110 may be configured by the network with information regarding the pattern of the SSB transmissions from the different satellites and using this configuration of the different intervals, the UE 110 may differentiate the SSBs transmitted by the different satellites in the time domain.
[0060] In some example embodiments, instead of using a timing offset a proximity distance in the time domain may be used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. These example embodiments may be described with reference to Fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows example correlation results 700 for a UE detecting SSBs from two satellites according to various example embodiments. In the example of Fig. 7, the UE detects three correlation peaks labeled 710, 720 and 730. In this example, the first correlation peak 710 is associated with a first path of the source satellite 510 and the second peak 720 is associated with a second path of the source satellite 510. The UE 110 detecting multiple peaks for the same signal may be a result of, for example, multi-path interference when detecting the SSB of the source satellite. The third correlation peak 730 is associated with a first path of the target satellite 520.
[0061] In these example embodiments, a proximity distance on time domain of the detected SSBs (e.g., the correlation peaks) may be used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. In the example of Fig. 7, a proximity distance threshold 740 in the time domain (e.g., in ms) may be defined by the network and configured for the UE 110. If a correlation peak is within the proximity distance threshold 740 from a previous correlation peak, the UE 110 may consider that the correlation peak is associated with the same satellite and not process the correlation peak. However, if a correlation peak is outside the proximity distance threshold 740 from a previous correlation peak, the UE 110 may consider that the correlation peak is associated with a different satellite and process the correlation peak. Thus, in the example of Fig. 7, the second correlation peak 720 is within the proximity distance threshold 740 of the first correlation peak 710. Thus, the UE 110 may not process this correlation peak because the UE 110 will consider that it is the same SSB as the correlation peak 710. In contrast, the third correlation peak 730 is outside the proximity distance threshold 740 of the first correlation peak 710. Thus, the UE 110 may process this correlation peak because the UE 110 will consider that it is an SSB from a different satellite than the SSB associated with the correlation peak 710.
[0062] The proximity distance threshold 740 may be used in these examples because the multi-path interference for a NTN (e.g., a satellite) may be less than a terrestrial network where there may be multiple obstructions between a base station and a UE.In an NTN arrangement, the network may have a better understanding of the multi-path environment and be able to define the proximity distance threshold 740 such that the detected correlation peaks may be processed or discarded in a manner that allows the UE to determine which satellite is transmitting the SSB. The proximity distance threshold 740 may be defined by the network or may be predefined in standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) .
[0063] In further example embodiments, a received timing difference (RTD) between SSBs of the source satellite 510 and the target satellite 520 may be used to determine the timing for the DL synchronization. For example, if the RTD is less than or equal to the cyclic prefix (CP) , the timing for the source satellite 510 may be reused for the target satellite 520 timing without detection of the PSS / SSS, e.g., the SSBs for the two satellites 510 and 520 are received so close to each other that the same timing may be used for DL synchronization for both satellites 510 and 520. In these examples, the UE 110 may directly detect the SSB index of the target satellite 520 or skip both PSS / SSS detection and SSB index acquisition but directly perform fine time / frequency tracking on the target satellite 520.
[0064] If RTD is greater than the CP, then one of the above examples may be used by the UE 110, e.g., the time offset examples or the proximity distance threshold. When different SMTCs are associated with SSBs of different satellites and the SMTCs are not overlapped, then any of the above examples may be used. However, if the SMTCs are partially or fully overlapped, then the examples related to SMTC window associations may not be used.
[0065] The RTD may be derived by the UE 110 based on, for example, satellite ephemeris information, UE Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) information and the transmission (Tx) side time mis-alignment. The satellite ephemeris information may be broadcast to the UE 110 by the network. The GNSS information may be determined directly by the UE 110 using an on-board GNSS chip and the Tx side time mis-alignment may be a value defined in standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specification 38.211) .
[0066] Some example embodiments provide manners of detecting which satellite transmitted an SSB when the SSBs have the same PCI but different SSB indexes. Thus, in the following examples, a different SSB index or different SSB bit map may be associated with different satellites (e.g., source satellite 510 and target satellite 520) . In some examples, this association may be configured by the network. In other examples, this association may be identified by the UE 110.
[0067] For example, if the UE 110 identifies that the time span between two SSBs are greater than the time relation under one satellite, the UE may determine that the SSBs are from a different satellite. The source satellite 510 may transmit two SSBs (SSB #1 and SSB #2) and each of these SSBs may occupy four (4) symbols. In the current standards, these SSBs will be transmitted on adjacent symbols, e.g., there is no gap between the symbols of SSB #1 and SSB #2. Thus, if the UE 110 detects a gap between the symbols of SSBs (e.g., a gap may be symbols between the different SSBs or an overlap of the SSBs) , the UE 110 may determine that the target satellite 520 transmitted one of these SSBs.
[0068] In a first example of different SSB indexes for the different satellites, a time offset may be defined similar to the time offset example provided above for the same SSB indexes. Similar to the example provided above, the time offset may have a finer granularity than slot, subframe or ms level. For example, the time offset may be applied to the source satellite 510 SSB timing, and the UE 110 may use the time offset to derive the SSB timing of the target satellite 520. The granularity of the time offset may be an absolute value, a symbol level, a multiple of a cyclic prefix (CP) level, a proportion of the CP level, or in terms of a timing unit (e.g., Ts or Tc such as 1 Ts= 1 / (2048*15000) sec, 1 Ts = 64*Tc) .
[0069] The difference between this time offset example and the above time offset example is that in this example, the time offset may be normalized to the same SSB index. For example, if SSB#1 is used by the satellite 510 and SSB#2 is used by the satellite 520, the time offset is between the SSB#1 of the satellite 510 and a theoretical location in time / frequency where the UE 110 would expect an SSB#1 of the satellite 520. The satellite 520 does not transmit a SSB with an index SSB#1 but, as described above, there is a predefined relationship in the standards between SSBs transmitted by the same satellite, e.g., they are adjacent to one another. Thus, even though the satellite 520 does not transmit SSB#1, this predefined relationship allows the UE 110 to determine where SSB#1 would be transmitted by satellite 520 if it were actually transmitted. This means the theoretical SSB#1 of the satellite 520 and the real SSB#2 of the satellite 520 have been pre-compensated by using this time offset.
[0070] In another example, the UE 110 may identify the two SSBs are in different SMTC windows, and these two SMTC windows are not overlapped. These examples are the same as the two examples described above for the SMTC windows (e.g., the example described above with reference to Fig. 6 and the example of the SSB periodicity or SMTC periodicity of the cell) and will not be described further.
[0071] In some example embodiments, the proximity distance in the time domain may again be used to distinguish SSBs from different satellites. In some examples, the proximity distance in the time domain may be used in the same manner for satellites transmitting SSBs having different indexes as described above as when the satellites are transmitting the SSBs having the same index and therefore will not be described further.
[0072] However, in other examples, the UE 110 may normalize the proximity distance in the time domain when the satellites are transmitting SSBs with different indexes. Fig. 8 shows example correlation results 800 for a UE detecting SSBs from two satellites having different SSB indexes according to various example embodiments. In the example of Fig. 8, the UE detects three correlation peaks labeled 810, 820 and 830. In this example, the first correlation peak 810 is associated with a first path of an SSB index #1 of the source satellite 510 and the second peak 820 is associated with a second path of an SSB index #1 of the source satellite 510. The third correlation peak 830 is associated with a first path of an SSB index #2 of the target satellite 520.
[0073] In these example embodiments, the UE 110 may normalize the timing of the SSB indexes. As shown in Fig. 8, the UE detects the SSB#1 for the satellite 510 based on the correlation peak 810. Again, because there is a predefined relationship between SSB#1 transmitted by the satellite 510 and a theoretical location in time / frequency where the UE 110 would expect an SSB#2 transmitted by the satellite 510 (even though the satellite 510 is not transmitting the SSB#2) the UE 110 may determine where in the time domain this SSB#2 may be transmitted by the satellite 510. This is shown in Fig. 8 as potential peak 815.
[0074] Then, similar to the above example, a proximity distance threshold 840 in the time domain (e.g., in ms) may be defined by the network and configured for the UE 110. If a correlation peak is within the proximity distance threshold 840 from the normalized correlation peak 815, the UE 110 may consider that the correlation peak is associated with the same satellite and not process the correlation peak. However, if a correlation peak is outside the proximity distance threshold 840 from the normalized correlation peak, the UE 110 may consider that the correlation peak is associated with a different satellite and process the correlation peak. Thus, in the example of Fig. 8, the second correlation peak 820 is within the proximity distance threshold 840 of the normalized correlation peak 815. Thus, the UE 110 may not process this correlation peak. In contrast, the third correlation peak 830 is outside the proximity distance threshold 840 of the normalized correlation peak 815. Thus, the UE 110 may process this correlation peak because the UE 110 will consider that it is an SSB from a different satellite than the SSB associated with the correlation peak 810.
[0075] As described above, if the UE 110 completes PBCH / DMRS decoding for each received SSB, the UE may determine which satellite transmitted the SSB. Thus, in some example embodiments, the UE 110 may process each received SSB and determine the SSB index based on decoding the PBCH / DMRS of the SSB. Referring back to Fig. 8, in these examples, the UE 110 may not use proximity distance threshold 840. Thus, when the UE 110 receives the first correlation peak 810 and decodes the PSS / SSS of the SSB, the UE 110 may not be able to determine what satellite sent the SSB. However, when the UE 110 decodes the PBCH / DMRS information, the UE 110 may determine that the source satellite 510 transmitted the SSB because the UE 110 will have the SSB index (e.g., SSB#1) associated with the source satellite 510. When the UE 110 receives the second correlation peak 820 and decodes the PSS / SSS of the SSB, the UE 110 may not determine what satellite sent the SSB. However, when the UE 110 decodes the PBCH / DMRS information, the UE 110 may determine that the source satellite 510 transmitted the SSB because the UE 110 will have the SSB index (e.g., SSB#1) associated with the source satellite 510. In this example, the UE 110 will have processed the same SSB twice, once for the first correlation peak 810 and a second time for the second correlation peak 820 and may discard the second instance of the SSB. When the UE 110 receives the third correlation peak 830 and decodes the PSS / SSS of the SSB, the UE 110 may not determine what satellite sent the SSB. However, when the UE 110 decodes the PBCH / DMRS information, the UE 110 may determine that the target satellite 520 transmitted the SSB because the UE 110 will have the SSB index (e.g., SSB#2) associated with the target satellite 520. The UE 110 may continue to process each of the received SSBs in the same manner to distinguish between the different SSBs transmitted by different satellites.
[0076] In further example embodiments, the RTD between SSBs of the source satellite 510 and the target satellite 520 may be used to determine the timing for the DL synchronization in the same manner as described above for the examples where the satellites are transmitting the same SSB index. For example, if the RTD is less than or equal to the CP, the timing for the source satellite 510 may be reused for the target satellite 520 timing without detection of the PSS / SSS. The only difference is that the UE 110 may compensate for the fact that the source satellite 510 is using a first SSB index SSB#1 and the target satellite 520 is using a second SSB index SSB#2. This compensation may again be performed based on the preexisting timing relationship between the SSB indexes.
[0077] If RTD is greater than the CP, then one of the above examples related to different satellites transmitting SSBs with different indexes may be used by the UE 110 to determine the satellite that transmitted a received SSB.
[0078] Examples
[0079] In a first example, a method comprising processing, based on signals received from a network, a synchronization signal block (SSB) configuration for a first satellite or a second satellite, processing a plurality of SSBs, wherein each of the plurality of SSBs comprise a same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and determining, based on the SSB configuration, a first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and a second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite.
[0080] In a second example, the method of the first example, wherein the first one of the SSBs and the second one of the SSBs comprise a same SSB index.
[0081] In a third example, the method of the second example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a time offset to be applied to a timing of the first satellite, wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on the timing offset.
[0082] In a fourth example, the method of the third example, wherein the time offset comprises an absolute value of time, time based on a number of symbols, time based on a cyclic prefix (CP) time, time based on a multiple of the CP time, time based on a proportion of the CP time, or time based on a timing unit.
[0083] In a fifth example, the method of the third example, wherein the time offset is associated with the PCI or an SSB index.
[0084] In a sixth example, the method of the third example, wherein the time offset is equal to or greater than 1 subframe.
[0085] In a seventh example, the method of the second example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a correlation between an identification of a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window and the first satellite or the second satellite, wherein determining the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on an SMTC window in which the corresponding SSB was received.
[0086] In an eighth example, the method of the seventh example, wherein SMTC windows associated with the first satellite or the second satellite do not overlap in time with SMTC windows associated with the other one of the first satellite or the second satellite.
[0087] In a ninth example, the method of the second example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window periodicity or an SSB periodicity and an indication of a factor, wherein determining the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on the factor and the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity, wherein the first satellite and second satellite alternate transmitting SSBs at the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity.
[0088] In a tenth example, the method of the second example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from a correlation peak associated with the first one of the SSBs.
[0089] In an eleventh example, the method of the first example, wherein the first one of the SSBs comprises a first SSB index and the second one of the SSBs comprises a second SSB index.
[0090] In a twelfth example, the method of the eleventh example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a time offset to be applied to a timing of the first satellite, wherein the method further comprises normalizing the time offset from the first one of the SSBs comprising the first SSB index transmitted by the first satellite to a theoretical SSB of the second satellite, wherein the theoretical SSB is located at a location in time and frequency where the apparatus would expect the second satellite to transmit an SSB with the first SSB index, wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on the timing offset and the theoretical SSB of the second satellite.
[0091] In a thirteenth example, the method of the twelfth example, wherein the time offset comprises an absolute value of time, time based on a number of symbols, time based on a cyclic prefix (CP) time, time based on a multiple of the CP time, time based on a proportion of the CP time, or time based on a timing unit.
[0092] In a fourteenth example, the method of the twelfth example, wherein the time offset is associated with the PCI or an SSB index.
[0093] In a fifteenth example, the method of the twelfth example, wherein the time offset is equal to or greater than 1 subframe.
[0094] In a sixteenth example, the method of the eleventh example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a correlation between an identification of a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window and the first satellite or the second satellite, wherein determining the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on an SMTC window in which the corresponding SSB was received.
[0095] In a seventeenth example, the method of the sixteenth example, wherein SMTC windows associated with the first satellite or the second satellite do not overlap in time with SMTC windows associated with the other one of the first satellite or the second satellite.
[0096] In an eighteenth example, the method of the eleventh example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window periodicity or an SSB periodicity and an indication of a factor, wherein determining the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on the factor and the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity, wherein the first satellite and second satellite alternate transmitting SSBs at the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity.
[0097] In a nineteenth example, the method of the eleventh example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite is based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from a correlation peak associated with the first one of the SSBs.
[0098] In a twentieth example, the method of the eleventh example, further comprising determining a normalized correlation peak for a theoretical SSB of the first satellite, wherein the theoretical SSB is located at a location in time and frequency where the apparatus would expect the first satellite to transmit an SSB with the second SSB index based on a correlation peak of the first one of the SSBs comprising the first SSB index transmitted by the first satellite, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from the normalized correlation peak.
[0099] In a twenty first example, the method of the eleventh example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises an indication of the first SSB index corresponding to the first satellite, the method further comprising processing a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) of the first one of the SSBs, wherein the DMRS comprises an indication of the first SSB index and wherein the determining the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite based on the indication of the first SSB index in the DMRS and the SSB configuration comprising the indication of the first SSB index corresponding to the first satellite.
[0100] In a twenty second example, the method of the twenty first example, wherein the SSB configuration comprises an indication of the second SSB index corresponding to the second satellite, the method further comprising processing a DMRS of the second one of the SSBs, wherein the DMRS comprises an indication of the second SSB index and wherein determining the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the indication of the second SSB index in the DMRS and the SSB configuration comprising the indication of the second SSB index corresponding to the second satellite.
[0101] In a twenty third example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the first through twenty second examples.
[0102] In a twenty fourth example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the first through twenty second examples.
[0103] In a twenty fifth example, a method comprising determining a received timing difference (RTD) between a first synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a first satellite and a second SSB transmitted by a second satellite, determining the RTD is less than or equal to a cyclic prefix (CP) time of the first and second SSBs and determining a timing to monitor the second satellite based on the RTD being less than or equal to the CP time.
[0104] In a twenty sixth example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the timing is determined to be a same timing as used to monitor the first satellite.
[0105] In a twenty seventh example, the method of the twenty sixth example, wherein the timing is determined without decoding the second SSB.
[0106] In a twenty eighth example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the first SSB and the second SSB comprise a same SSB index or a different SSB index.
[0107] In a twenty ninth example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the RTD is determined based on ephemeris information for the first satellite, ephemeris information for the second satellite, Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) information for the apparatus or a satellite Tx side time mis-alignment.
[0108] In a thirtieth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty fifth through twenty ninth examples.
[0109] In a thirty first example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty fifth through twenty ninth examples.
[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described example embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An example hardware platform for implementing the example embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The example embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.
[0111] Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation of the device or the stated functions of the disclosed embodiments.
[0112] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0113] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process, based on signals received from a network, a synchronization signal block (SSB) configuration for a first satellite or a second satellite;process a plurality of SSBs, wherein each of the plurality of SSBs comprise a same Physical Cell Identity (PCI) ; anddetermine, based on the SSB configuration, a first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and a second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first one of the SSBs and the second one of the SSBs comprise a same SSB index.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a time offset to be applied to a timing of the first satellite, wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the timing offset.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the time offset comprises an absolute value of time, time based on a number of symbols, time based on a cyclic prefix (CP) time, time based on a multiple of the CP time, time based on a proportion of the CP time, or time based on a timing unit.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the time offset is associated with the PCI or an SSB index.6.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a correlation between an identification of a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window and the first satellite or the second satellite, wherein the processing circuitry determines the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on an SMTC window in which the corresponding SSB was received.7.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window periodicity or an SSB periodicity and an indication of a factor, wherein the processing circuitry determines the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the factor and the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity, wherein the first satellite and second satellite alternate transmitting SSBs at the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity.8.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from a correlation peak associated with the first one of the SSBs.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first one of the SSBs comprises a first SSB index and the second one of the SSBs comprises a second SSB index.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a time offset to be applied to a timing of the first satellite, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:normalize the time offset from the first one of the SSBs comprising the first SSB index transmitted by the first satellite to a theoretical SSB of the second satellite, wherein the theoretical SSB is located at a location in time and frequency where the apparatus would expect the second satellite to transmit an SSB with the first SSB index, wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the timing offset and the theoretical SSB of the second satellite.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the time offset comprises an absolute value of time, time based on a number of symbols, time based on a cyclic prefix (CP) time, time based on a multiple of the CP time, time based on a proportion of the CP time, or time based on a timing unit.12.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the time offset is associated with the PCI or an SSB index.13.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a correlation between an identification of a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window and the first satellite or the second satellite, wherein the processing circuitry determines the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on an SMTC window in which the corresponding SSB was received.14.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window periodicity or an SSB periodicity and an indication of a factor, wherein the processing circuitry determines the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite and the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the factor and the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity, wherein the first satellite and second satellite alternate transmitting SSBs at the SMTC window periodicity or SSB periodicity.15.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from a correlation peak associated with the first one of the SSBs.16.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine a normalized correlation peak for a theoretical SSB of the first satellite, wherein the theoretical SSB is located at a location in time and frequency where the apparatus would expect the first satellite to transmit an SSB with the second SSB index based on a correlation peak of the first one of the SSBs comprising the first SSB index transmitted by the first satellite, whereinthe SSB configuration comprises a proximity distance threshold in a time domain, wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on a correlation peak associated with the second one of the SSBs exceeding the proximity distance threshold in the time domain from the normalized correlation peak.17.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the SSB configuration comprises an indication of the first SSB index corresponding to the first satellite, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) of the first one of the SSBs, wherein the DMRS comprises an indication of the first SSB index and wherein the processing circuitry determines the first one of the SSBs was transmitted by the first satellite based on the indication of the first SSB index in the DMRS and the SSB configuration comprising the indication of the first SSB index corresponding to the first satellite.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the SSB configuration comprises an indication of the second SSB index corresponding to the second satellite, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process a DMRS of the second one of the SSBs, wherein the DMRS comprises an indication of the second SSB index and wherein the processing circuitry determines the second one of the SSBs was transmitted by the second satellite based on the indication of the second SSB index in the DMRS and the SSB configuration comprising the indication of the second SSB index corresponding to the second satellite.19.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:determine a received timing difference (RTD) between a first synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a first satellite and a second SSB transmitted by a second satellite;determine the RTD is less than or equal to a cyclic prefix (CP) time of the first and second SSBs; anddetermine a timing to monitor the second satellite based on the RTD being less than or equal to the CP time.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the timing is determined to be a same timing as used for monitoring the first satellite.