NTN timing tracking enhancement without valid GNSS at ue
The UE in NTN networks adjusts UL timing and power using GNSS-independent methods, addressing synchronization issues and ensuring reliable communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077283
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
User Equipment (UE) in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) face challenges in uplink timing synchronization when Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) assistance information is unavailable, as existing methods like Timing Advance (TA) commands are inadequate for large timing differences.
The UE employs a large one-shot UL timing adjustment based on downlink timing or distance differences when GNSS is unavailable, and uses ramping techniques for transmit power and timing adjustments during random access procedures.
Ensures effective uplink synchronization with NTN cells by compensating for significant timing changes without GNSS, enhancing communication reliability.
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Figure CN2024077283_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NTN Timing Tracking Enhancement Without Valid GNSS at UEBackground
[0001] A user equipment (UE) may establish a connection to at least one of multiple different networks or types of networks, e.g., a public land mobile network (PLMN) operating a radio access network (RAN) . A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network utilizing non-terrestrial components, e.g., one or more satellites, to provide UE access to a PLMN.
[0002] Some UEs are equipped with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem that may assist UE operations in a NTN deployment. In one example, a GNSS-equipped UE may use GNSS positioning to perform timing and frequency pre-compensation for uplink synchronization with an NTN cell. However, these UEs may encounter situations where GNSS is not available.SUMMARY
[0003] Some example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, determine whether a large one shot UL timing adjustment is to be performed based on a downlink (DL) timing difference or a distance difference measured from a latest time when the GNSS assistance information was available to a current time and when the DL timing difference or the distance difference is greater than or equal to a predefined value, perform the large one shot UL timing adjustment.
[0004] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a serving cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generate, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) , monitor for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH, when no RAR is detected, ramp up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reached and when no RAR is detected after the upper limit for transmit power is reached, ramp up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached.
[0005] Still further example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a serving cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generate, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) , monitor for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH, when no RAR is detected, ramp up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached and, when no RAR is detected after the upper limit or lower limit for UL timing is reached, ramp up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reachedBrief Description of the Drawings
[0006] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement according to various example embodiments.
[0007] Fig. 2 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture according to various example embodiments.
[0008] Fig. 3 shows an example user equipment (UE) according to various example embodiments.
[0009] Fig. 4 shows an example gNB according to various example embodiments.Detailed Description
[0010] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to operations for a user equipment (UE) to perform uplink (UL) timing synchronization with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) when a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem is unavailable for UE positioning. In some example embodiments, the UE may support a large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN UL timing synchronization. When the UE determines a change in downlink (DL) timing that is greater than a predefined value or a change in distance between the UE and the NTN cell that is greater than a predefined value the UE may calculate and apply the large one shot UL timing adjustment according to a formula to be described in detail below. In other example embodiments, the UE may attempt to perform a random access (RACH) procedure with the NTN cell and, when no random access response (RAR) is received, may adjust a transmit power and / or UL timing in a ramping up and / or ramping down process to be described in detail below.
[0011] The example embodiments are described with regard to a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0012] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G New Radio (NR) network. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any network that may establish a connection to a UE and exchange information and data with the UE (e.g., 5G-Advanced networks, 6G networks, etc. ) .
[0013] The example embodiments are further described with regard to a 5G NR network integrated with a non-terrestrial-network (NTN) utilizing one or more satellites to provide UE access to the 5G NR radio access network (RAN) . A satellite-based NTN may be deployed by a public land mobile network (PLMN) and may be further integrated with a terrestrial network (TN) of the PLMN. Throughout this description, the non-terrestrial component is generally described as a satellite. However, any reference to a satellite is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other types of non-terrestrial components, e.g., airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc.
[0014] The example embodiments are further described with regard to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. GNSS refers to satellite-based systems for providing location and / or navigation services to a UE and encompasses global positioning systems (GPS) in the United States and other GNSS systems, e.g., those deployed by countries other than the United States. However, any reference to GNSS is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other services for locating a UE.
[0015] The example embodiments are further described with regard to timing adjustments for uplink (UL) transmissions by a UE. In existing procedures, a timing advance (TA) may be sent to a UE from a base station to inform the UE of an amount of time to advance UL transmissions. Different TAs may be sent to different UEs in a cell, depending on their respective locations, so that the base station receives UL transmissions from all the UEs in the cell at the same time. A timing advance command (TAC) may be sent in a random access response (RAR) or in a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) . For the first UL message after PRACH the UE may apply the TAC detected in the RAR and, after RACH, the UE may apply the TA detected in MAC-CE (if any) . The TAC may adjust the UL in gradual steps. In a NTN deployment, the timing difference may be very large such that the network cannot adequately compensate for this timing difference through TAC.
[0016] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement 100 according to various example embodiments. The example network arrangement 100 includes a UE 110. The UE 110 may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. An actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE 110 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0017] The UE 110 may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network arrangement 100, the network with which the UE 110 may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120. However, the UE 110 may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) , a long term evolution RAN, a legacy cellular network, a WLAN, etc. ) and the UE 110 may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. With regard to the example embodiments, the UE 110 may establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120. Therefore, the UE 110 may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN 120.
[0018] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be a portion of a public land mobile network (PLMN) that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc. ) . The 5G NR RAN 120 may include, for example, cells or base stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc. ) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set.
[0019] In the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 includes a base station (e.g., gNB 120A) that may be in a terrestrial network (TN) deployment or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment. For example, a satellite-based system may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN 120 to provide network access to the UE 110 in the NTN deployment and the base station may, in some cases, be located on a non-terrestrial component, e.g., a satellite.
[0020] Fig. 2 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture 200 according to various example embodiments. An NTN may relate to any network using non-terrestrial components, such as satellites, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc., to provide network services to a user terminal.
[0021] The NTN architecture 200 represents a network arrangement including one or more satellites 215 integrated with a data network 205. The data network 205 may be, for example, the 5G NR RAN 120 described above with respect to Fig. 1. The NTN architecture 200 includes a gateway 210 connecting the terrestrial data network 205 with the NTN components. In the NTN architecture 200 of Fig. 2, the gateway 210 and the satellite 215 communicate via a feeder link 225. However, any number of satellites 215 may communicate with any number of gateways 210 via any number of respective feeder links 225. For example, in some NTN deployments, some satellites may be served by several gateways simultaneously.
[0022] The satellite 215 provides network services to a UE 220 via a service link 230. The satellite 215 may implement either a transparent payload or a regenerative payload. A transparent payload refers to an arrangement where the satellite 215 receives signals and transmits an amplified version of the signal, with a frequency conversion. For example, the satellite 215 may receive uplink communications from the UE 220 on service link 230 frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the network 205 on feeder link 225 frequencies or may receive downlink communications from the network 205 on the feeder link 225 frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the UE 220 on the service link 230 frequencies. A regenerative payload refers to an arrangement where the satellite 215 acts as a distributed unit (DU) or a base station (e.g., a gNB) , wherein received signals are regenerated with signal-processing techniques (e.g., demodulation, decoding, switching, encoding, modulation, etc. ) before being re-transmitted. In this example, the satellite 215 generates one or more beams over a service area bounded by its field of view, which is dependent on the antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle of the satellite 215. The footprint 235 of the beams are typically elliptically shaped.
[0023] With reference to Fig. 1, in a regenerative payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on an aerial component, e.g., the satellite 215 of Fig. 2. In a transparent payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on the ground and the satellite 215 is used to mirror the signals between the gNB 120A and the UE 110, as described above.
[0024] The example shown in Fig. 2 is not intended to limit the example embodiments in any way. NTNs may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN and / or other networks in any one of a variety of manners. For example, a typical satellite-based NTN may comprise a low earth orbit (LEO) constellation including an array of satellites and gateways with broad interconnectivity via ground-to-ground station (G2G) links, satellite-to-satellite (S2S) links, ground-to-satellite (G2S) links, and satellite-to-ground (S2G) links. Other types of satellite-based NTNs include geostationary-orbiting (GEO) satellites or medium-earth-orbiting (MEO) satellites.
[0025] A geostationary (GEO) satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite placed at a specific altitude directly over the equator of the earth. A GEO satellite revolves in the same direction as the rotation of the earth, e.g., west to east, and, at this altitude, orbits the earth once every 24 hours, i.e., the same length of time as the earth rotates once on its axis. Thus, the geostationary satellite appears stationary (or nearly stationary) in the sky relative to a ground-based observer.
[0026] The different types of NTNs each have respective strengths and weaknesses and may be deployed in a variety of scenarios, depending on the goal to be achieved, e.g., broad coverage across a large region, concentrated coverage in an urban environment or along a highly trafficked route, etc. Thus, the NTN architecture 200 described in Fig. 2 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0027] Returning to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1, the gNB 120A may include one or more communication interfaces to exchange data and / or information with the UE 110, the corresponding 5G NR RAN 120, the cellular core network 130, the internet 140, etc.
[0028] The UE 110 may connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120 via the gNB 120A. Any association procedure may be performed for the UE 110 to connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120. For example, as discussed above, the 5G NR-RAN 120 may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE 110 and / or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card) . Upon detecting the presence of the 5G NR-RAN 120, the UE 110 may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the 5G NR-RAN 120. More specifically, the UE 110 may associate with a specific cell (e.g., the gNB 120A) . However, as mentioned above, reference to the 5G NR-RAN 120 is merely for illustrative purposes and any appropriate type of RAN may be used.
[0029] In addition to the 5G NR RAN 120, the network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network services backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. The cellular core network 130 also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet 140.
[0030] The IMS 150 may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using the IP protocol. The IMS 150 may communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide the multimedia services to the UE 110. The network services backbone 160 is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network services backbone 160 may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc. ) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE 110 in communication with the various networks.
[0031] Fig. 3 shows an example UE 110 according to various example embodiments. The UE 110 will be described with regard to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1 and the NTN architecture 200 of Fig. 2. The UE 110 may include a processor 305, a memory arrangement 310, a display device 315, an input / output (I / O) device 320, a transceiver 325 and other components 330. The other components 330 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE 110 to other electronic devices, sensors to detect conditions of the UE 110, etc.
[0032] The processor 305 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE 110. For example, the engines may include a NTN engine 340 configured to perform operations related to uplink timing synchronization with a cell of a NTN, e.g., a satellite, when GNSS is not available, to be described in greater detail below.
[0033] The above referenced engine being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 305 is only for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 340 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE 110 or may be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engines may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor 305 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE.
[0034] The memory arrangement 310 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 315 may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I / O device 320 may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device 315 and the I / O device 320 may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen.
[0035] The transceiver 325 may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR-RAN 120, an LTE-RAN (not pictured) , a legacy RAN (not pictured) , a WLAN (not pictured) , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver 325 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 325 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 305 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 325 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 325. The processor 305 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0036] Fig. 4 shows an example gNB 120A according to various example embodiments. The gNB 120A may represent any access node through which the UE 110 may establish a connection and manage network operations. In this example, the gNB 120A corresponds to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .
[0037] The gNB 120A may include a processor 405, a memory arrangement 410, an input / output (I / O) device 415, a transceiver 420, and other components 425. The other components 425 may include, for example, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the base station to other electronic devices, etc. The processor 405 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the gNB 120A. For example, the processor 405 of the gNB 120A may execute an engine for communicating with the UE 110. In some cases, the UE 110 may not be synchronized in time with the gNB 120A such that the UE 110 needs to adjust the timing of its UL transmissions, to be described in greater detail below.
[0038] However, reference to a processor 405 is only for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 430 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the gNB 120A or may be a modular component coupled to the gNB 120A, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 405 is split among a plurality of processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an applications processor, etc. ) . The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a base station.
[0039] The memory arrangement 410 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the gNB 120A. The I / O device 415 may be a hardware component or ports that enable a user to interact with the gNB 120A. The transceiver 420 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and any other UE in the network arrangement 100.
[0040] The transceiver 420 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . Therefore, the transceiver 420 may include one or more components (e.g., radios) to enable the data exchange with the various networks and UEs. The transceiver 420 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 405 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 420 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 420. The processor 405 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a UE) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0041] A UE accessing a cell of a NTN (e.g., satellite) may have GNSS capabilities such that the UE may determine and pre-compensate a timing and frequency offset based on its location relative to the ephemeris information of the satellite. However, in some cases, the GNSS location may be unavailable. For example, the GNSS signal may not be reliable, or the UE may turn off the GNSS modem to save power.
[0042] According to various example embodiments, operations are described for uplink (UL) timing synchronization with a NTN cell when GNSS is unavailable.
[0043] In some aspects of these example embodiments, for the UL timing determination, the UE may use a large one shot timing adjustment without a network TA command. The UE capability for supporting the large one shot UL timing adjustment may be designed according to at least the following two options.
[0044] In a first option, existing capability signaling for a large one shot UL timing adjustment may be extended to the NTN scenario.
[0045] A large one-step timing adjustment is specified in Rel-17 TS 38.133 section 7.1.2.3 for a UE supporting FR2 power class 6 and a large one shot UL timing adjustment capability. The existing Rel-17 capability (ue-OneShotUL-TimingAdj-r17) is applicable for FR2 only and is intended for use in a scenario where the UE is traveling at high speeds (e.g., high speed train (HST) ) such that the network cannot appropriately compensate for the timing difference through TAC.
[0046] In the first option, the existing Rel-17 capability may be reused for NTN UEs. As described above, the existing ue-OneShotUL-TimingAdj-r17 capability is limited to FR2. Thus, in this option, the capability may be extended to FR1. The UE indicating support of the large one shot UL timing adjustment may further indicate support of NTN operation and / or support of NTN bands.
[0047] In a second option, new capability signaling may be introduced for NTN purposes. For example, the capability ue-OneShotUL-TimingAdj-NTN-r19 may be specified. This capability may be applicable to both FR1 and FR2. Similar to the first option, the UE indicating support of the large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN may further indicate support of NTN operation and / or support of NTN bands.
[0048] The new signaling capability may be applied on a per-band basis, e.g., the UE supports the large one shot UL timing adjustment only on certain bands, or a per-UE basis, e.g., the UE supports the large one shot UL timing adjustment on all supported bands.
[0049] When the GNSS information / function is not available at the UE, the UE may perform the UL timing adjustment based on the following options if the UE indicates support of the capability of a large one-shot UL time adjustment for NTN.
[0050] In a first option, if the absolute value of Told-Tnew is less than x*CP (where x is a value smaller than 1, e.g., 1 / 2, 1 / 4, etc. and CP is the cyclic prefix) , the UE may keep the last UL timing for this UL transmission after GNSS turns to be unavailable. Tnew is the DL timing defined as the time when the UE receives a downlink frame after GNSS becomes unavailable and Told is the DL timing defined as the time when the UE receives a latest downlink frame before GNSS becomes unavailable. Thus, when the change in DL timing is less than the threshold x*CP, the large one shot timing adjustment is not needed.
[0051] Otherwise (if Told-Tnew is greater than or equal to x*CP) , the UE UL timing immediately after GNSS becomes unavailable may be Tnew - (Nta + Nta-offset + Nta-common + Nta-UE-specific) + 2 * (Told -Tnew) . Nta is the network TA command; Nta-offset is a predefined value in standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) ; Nta-common is the common TA for the feeder link; and Nta-UE-specific is the UE specific TA that is calculated by the UE based on a round trip time (RTT) between the UE and the satellite. The value of Nta-UE-specific may be the latest value when the UE has available GNSS, because the UE specific TA is calculated based on UE location and satellite location. The Told-Tnew term is multiplied by 2 to compensate for the DL timing delay.
[0052] In a second option, new terms Dold and Dnew are introduced and the UE uses a distance difference rather than a timing difference to determine whether the large one shot UL timing adjustment should be performed. The new terms Dold and Dnew refer to a distance between the UE and the satellite and may be defined according to the following embodiments. In these example embodiments, the UE may use information regarding the real-time satellite position. In a first example embodiment, the UE may use the latest UE GNSS location, while in a second example embodiment, the UE may use information regarding the footprint or cell center of the satellite.
[0053] In the first example embodiment, Dnew is the distance between the UE and satellite based on a real-time satellite position and the latest old UE location after GNSS becomes unavailable. The latest old UE location is the latest UE location before GNSS becomes unavailable. In this example embodiment, Dold is the distance between the UE and the satellite based on the latest satellite position and the old UE location before GNSS becomes unavailable. The old UE location is the latest UE location before GNSS becomes unavailable.
[0054] In the second example embodiment, Dnew is the distance between the footprint or cell center and the satellite based on real-time satellite position and footprint / cell coverage information after GNSS becomes unavailable. In this example embodiment, Dold is the distance between the footprint / cell center and satellite based on latest satellite position and footprint / cell coverage information before GNSS turns to be unavailable.
[0055] In the second option, if the absolute value of Dold-Dnew is less than Y meters, the UE may keep the last UL timing for this UL transmission after GNSS becomes unavailable.
[0056] Otherwise (if Dold -Dnew is greater than or equal to Y meters) , the UE UL timing immediately after GNSS becomes unavailable may be where z is a scaling factor that considers the elevation angle of the satellite and c is the speed of light.
[0057] In another aspect of these example embodiments, for UL RACH, the UE may use a ramp up and / or ramp down solution for transmit power and / or UL timing.
[0058] In a first option, the UE may use the latest old UL timing to perform RACH, and, if no RAR is received, the UE may ramp up the Tx power for RACH transmission. If no RAR is received after ramping-up Tx power reaches upper limit, the UE may ramp up or down the Tx timing by a step S on top of the old UL timing, until the UE receives the RAR or until the adjusted UL timing reaches an upper limit or lower limit P. Told +n*S≤Told + P; and Told-n*S≥ Told -P, where n is ramping up or down number. Thus, in this option, the power is ramped up at a same UL timing until the upper limit for transmit power is reached, at which time the UL timing is ramped up or ramped down and the transmit power is then ramped up at this next UL timing, etc.
[0059] In a second option, the UE may use the latest old UL timing to perform RACH, and, if no RAR is received, the UE may ramp up or down the Tx timing by a step S on top of the old UL timing until the UE receives the RAR or until the adjusted UL timing reaches an upper limit or lower limit P. If no RARis received after ramping-up or ramping-down UL timing reached upper limit or lower limit, then the UE may ramp up the Tx power for RACH transmission. For each ramping-up Tx power, the UE may repeat the same procedure of timing ramping-up and down.
[0060] Examples
[0061] In a first example, a method comprising processing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, determining whether a large one shot UL timing adjustment is to be performed based on a downlink (DL) timing difference or a distance difference measured from a latest time when the GNSS assistance information was available to a current time and, when the DL timing difference or the distance difference is greater than or equal to a predefined value, performing the large one shot UL timing adjustment.
[0062] In a second example, the method of the first example, further comprising, when the DL timing difference is less than x*CP, where x is a predefined value less than 1 and CP is a cyclic prefix, using a latest UL timing for an upcoming UL transmission, the DL timing difference being Told-Tnew where Told is a DL timing defined as a time when the apparatus receives a latest downlink frame before the GNSS assistance information becomes unavailable and Tnew is a DL timing defined as a time when the apparatus receives a downlink frame after GNSS assistance information becomes unavailable.
[0063] In a third example, the method of the second example, further comprising, when the DL timing difference is greater than or equal to x*CP, calculating a value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment including a term equaling 2* (Told-Tnew) to compensate for a DL timing delay.
[0064] In a fourth example, the method of the third example, wherein the value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment is Tnew - (Nta + Nta-offset + Nta-common + Nta-UE-specific) + 2 * (Told -Tnew) where Nta is a network timing advance (TA) command, Nta-offset is a predefined value, Nta-common is a common TA for a feeder link, and Nta-UE-specific is calculated based on a round trip time (RTT) between the apparatus and a satellite of a serving cell of the NTN.
[0065] In a fifth example, the method of the first example, further comprising, when the distance difference is less than a predefined distance, using a latest UL timing for a next UL transmission.
[0066] In a sixth example, the method of the fifth example, further comprising, when the distance difference is greater than or equal to the predefined distance, calculating a value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment including a term equaling where z is a scaling factor that considers an elevation angle of a satellite of a serving cell of the NTN, c is a speed of light, Dold is a distance term based on a latest satellite position before GNSS assistance information became unavailable and Dnew is a distance term based on a real-time position of a satellite of a serving cell of the NTN.
[0067] In a seventh example, the method of the sixth example, wherein the value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment is where Nta is a network timing advance (TA) command, Nta-offset is a predefined value in specification, Nta-common is a common TA for a feeder link, and Nta-UE-specific is calculated based on a round trip time (RTT) between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN.
[0068] In an eighth example, the method of the sixth example, wherein Dold is a distance between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a latest position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and a latest apparatus location before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and Dnew is a distance between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a real-time position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and a latest apparatus location before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable.
[0069] In a ninth example, the method of the sixth example, wherein Dold is a distance between a footprint or cell center of the cell of the NTN before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and a position of the serving cell of the NTN based on a latest position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and Dnew is a distance between a footprint or a cell center of the cell of the NTN after the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and a position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a real-time position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN.
[0070] In a tenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, UE capability information related to the large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN.
[0071] In an eleventh example, the method of the tenth example, wherein the UE capability information comprises a Rel-17 large one shot UL timing adjustment extended to FR1 for NTN.
[0072] In a twelfth example, the method of the tenth example, wherein the UE capability information comprises a new capability for the large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN applicable to FR1 and FR2.
[0073] In a thirteenth example, the method of the tenth example, wherein the UE capability information for the large one shot UL timing adjustment further comprises an indication of support of NTN operation or NTN bands.
[0074] In a fourteenth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the first through thirteenth examples.
[0075] In a fifteenth example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the first through thirteenth examples.
[0076] In a sixteenth example, a method comprising processing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generating, for transmission to a serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) , monitoring for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH, when no RAR is detected, ramping up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reached and, when no RAR is detected after the upper limit for transmit power is reached, ramping up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached.
[0077] In a seventeenth example, the method of the sixteenth example, wherein, for each of the predefined steps of the UL timing, ramping up the transmit power until the upper limit is reached.
[0078] In an eighteenth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the sixteenth through seventeenth examples.
[0079] In a nineteenth example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the sixteenth through seventeenth examples.
[0080] In a twentieth example, a method comprising processing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generating, for transmission to a serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) , monitoring for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH, when no RAR is detected, ramping up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached, and, when no RAR is detected after the upper limit or lower limit for UL timing is reached, ramp up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reached.
[0081] In a twenty first example, the method of the twentieth example, wherein, for each of the predefined steps of the transmit power, ramping up or ramping down the UL timing until the upper limit or lower limit is reached.
[0082] In a twenty second example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twentieth through twenty first examples.
[0083] In a twenty third example, a user equipment (UE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the twentieth through twenty first examples.
[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described example embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An example hardware platform for implementing the example embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The example embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.
[0085] Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation of the device or the stated functions of the disclosed embodiments.
[0086] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0087] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, determine whether a large one shot UL timing adjustment is to be performed based on a downlink (DL) timing difference or a distance difference measured from a latest time when the GNSS assistance information was available to a current time; andwhen the DL timing difference or the distance difference is greater than or equal to a predefined value, perform the large one shot UL timing adjustment.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:when the DL timing difference is less than x*CP, where x is a predefined value less than 1 and CP is a cyclic prefix, use a latest UL timing for an upcoming UL transmission, the DL timing difference being Told-Tnew where Told is a DL timing defined as a time when the apparatus receives a latest downlink frame before the GNSS assistance information becomes unavailable and Tnew is a DL timing defined as a time when the apparatus receives a downlink frame after GNSS assistance information becomes unavailable.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:when the DL timing difference is greater than or equal to x*CP, calculate a value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment including a term equaling 2* (Told-Tnew) to compensate for a DL timing delay.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment is Tnew- (Nta+Nta-offset+Nta-common+ Nta-UE-specific) +2* (Told-Tnew) where Nta is a network timing advance (TA) command, Nta-offset is a predefined value, Nta-common is a common TA for a feeder link, and Nta-UE-specific is calculated based on a round trip time (RTT) between the apparatus and a satellite of a serving cell of the NTN.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:when the distance difference is less than a predefined distance, use a latest UL timing for a next UL transmission.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:when the distance difference is greater than or equal to the predefined distance, calculate a value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment including a term equaling where z is a scaling factor that considers an elevation angle of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN, c is a speed of light, Dold is a distance term based on a latest satellite position before GNSS assistance information became unavailable and Dnew is a distance term based on a real-time position of the satellite of a serving cell of the NTN.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the value for the large one shot UL timing adjustment is where Nta is a network timing advance (TA) command, Nta-offset is a predefined value in specification, Nta-common is a common TA for a feeder link, and Nta-UE-specific is calculated based on a round trip time (RTT) between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN.8.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein Dold is a distance between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a latest position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and a latest apparatus location before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and Dnew is a distance between the apparatus and the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a real-time position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and a latest apparatus location before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable.9.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein Dold is a distance between a footprint or cell center of the cell of the NTN before the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and a position of the cell of the NTN based on a latest position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN and Dnew is a distance between a footprint or a cell center of the cell of the NTN after the GNSS assistance information became unavailable and a position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN based on a real-time position of the satellite of the serving cell of the NTN.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:generate, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, UE capability information related to the large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the UE capability information comprises a Rel-17 large one shot UL timing adjustment extended to FR1 for NTN.12.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the UE capability information comprises a new capability for the large one shot UL timing adjustment for NTN applicable to FR1 and FR2.13.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the UE capability information for the large one shot UL timing adjustment further comprises an indication of support of NTN operation or NTN bands.14.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a serving cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generate, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) ;monitor for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH;when no RAR is detected, ramp up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reached; andwhen no RAR is detected after the upper limit for transmit power is reached, ramp up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, for each of the predefined steps of the UL timing, ramping up the transmit power until the upper limit is reached.16.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process global navigation satellite system (GNSS) assistance information for uplink (UL) timing synchronization for communication with a serving cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;when the GNSS assistance information is unavailable, generate, for transmission to the serving cell of the NTN, a physical random access channel (PRACH) ;monitor for a random access response (RAR) to the PRACH;when no RAR is detected, ramp up or down in predefined steps a UL timing for PRACH transmission until an upper limit or lower limit is reached; andwhen no RAR is detected after the upper limit or lower limit for UL timing is reached, ramp up in predefined steps a transmit power for PRACH transmission until an upper limit is reached.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, for each of the predefined steps of the transmit power, ramping up or ramping down the UL timing until the upper limit or lower limit is reached.
Citation Information
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