Power generation apparatus and power generation method based on electrode potential difference, and power generation device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a power generation apparatus and power generation method based on an electrode potential difference, and a power generation device. The power generation method based on an electrode potential difference comprises: placing a first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution, wherein an initial potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution is φ1, and an initial potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution is φ2, where φ1>φ2; enabling the first electrode to electrically connect to the second electrode by means of an external circuit, wherein a switch and a load that are connected in series are provided in the external circuit; closing the switch, so that a current passes through the load; and opening the switch, so that the potential of the first electrode is greater than that of the second electrode.

Description

Power generation device based on electrode potential difference, power generation method and power generation device

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This application requests priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on February 18, 2024, with patent application number 202410181533.8 and application name “Power generation device based on electrode potential difference and its power generation method and power generation device”, and all its contents are incorporated by reference in this disclosure. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of new energy technology, and specifically relates to a power generation device based on electrode potential difference, a power generation method, and a power generation device. Background Art

[0004] With the continuous advancement of technology, mobile power supplies have become an indispensable part of daily life. Batteries and supercapacitors, currently the mainstream commercial power devices, rely primarily on the reversible adsorption and desorption of charged ions and electrochemical redox reactions to store and deliver electrical energy. However, both batteries and supercapacitors require pre-charging before powering electronic devices, which limits their use for off-grid power supply in remote areas.

[0005] In recent years, researchers have developed new ambient energy generation technologies, including thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and hydroelectricity, to harvest and convert ambient energy into electricity. However, these technologies all have challenges. For example, thermoelectricity requires a directional temperature difference; piezoelectricity and triboelectricity have limited device lifespans due to the relative motion between materials; and hydroelectricity performance is affected by ambient humidity.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-power, long-life, and external power generation method or device that is suitable for a variety of environments and does not require pre-charging from an external power supply.

[0007] Public content

[0008] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0009] In one aspect of the present application, a method for generating electricity based on electrode potential difference is proposed, comprising: placing a first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution, wherein the initial potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution is The initial potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution is The first and second electrodes are electrically connected via an external circuit, which includes a switch and a load connected in series. The switch is closed to allow current to flow through the load, and the switch is opened to increase the potential of the first electrode to a value greater than that of the second electrode. Thus, the aforementioned power generation method can utilize a variety of electrolyte solutions to stably output electrical energy, with virtually no consumption of the first and second electrodes during the power generation process. The entire power generation process does not require pre-charging of an external power source, enabling long-term cyclic power generation.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the switch is turned off, the potential of the first electrode is equal to The potential of the second electrode is equal to This is conducive to long-term cycle power generation.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, The voltage range is 0.01 V to 10 V. This is beneficial for the first solid-liquid interface double electric layer and the second solid-liquid interface double electric layer to spontaneously recover to their initial states, which is beneficial for long-term cycle power generation.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present application, a power generation device based on the power generation method of the aforementioned embodiment is proposed, comprising: a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed within the electrolyte solution, and the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected via an external circuit, wherein the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load connected in series. As a result, the power generation device has a simple structure and excellent power output, with an output power density of up to 5 watts per square meter. Furthermore, the power generation device has an extremely long service life, maintaining a relatively good power output performance after millions of power generation cycles.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a first electrode material, the second electrode includes a second electrode material, the first electrode material is different from the second electrode material, and the first electrode material and the second electrode material each independently include at least one of a metal element, a non-metallic conductor, a non-metallic semiconductor, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbide, a sulfide, a nitride, a conductive polymer, a metal-organic framework material, a covalent organic framework material, and a carbon-based material. This is conducive to improving the electrical output effect of the power generation device.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode further includes a first current collector, with the first electrode material located on at least one side of the first current collector; the second electrode further includes a second current collector, with the second electrode material located on at least one side of the second current collector; wherein the first current collector and the second current collector each independently include at least one of a metal foil and a non-metal foil. This helps improve the conductivity of the first and second electrodes, and thus helps improve the power output of the power generation device.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode material and the second electrode material are arranged opposite to each other, thereby facilitating improvement of power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the vertical distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 0.01 mm to 20 cm. This helps alleviate the potential short circuit risk of the power generation device due to direct contact between the first and second electrodes, improves the safety of the power generation device, helps reduce the internal resistance of the power generation device's internal circuit, and improves the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrolyte solution includes at least one of water, a salt solution, an acid solution, an alkaline solution, an ionic liquid, an organic solution, and a gel.

[0018] In a third aspect of the present application, a power generation device is provided, comprising a plurality of power generation devices connected in series and / or in parallel, wherein the power generation devices are the power generation devices of the aforementioned embodiments. Thus, the power generation device includes all the advantages of the aforementioned power generation devices, which are not further elaborated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a power generation device according to some embodiments;

[0021] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the power generation device of Example 1 and Example 2;

[0022] FIG3 is a graph showing the voltage output and current output of the power generation device of Example 1;

[0023] FIG4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the external resistance and the output power density of the power generation device of Example 1;

[0024] FIG5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of power generation devices connected in series and the output voltage in Example 1;

[0025] FIG6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of parallel-connected power generation devices and the output current of Example 1.

[0026] Reference numerals: 100 - first electrode; 110 - first electrode material; 120 - first current collector; 200 - second electrode; 210 - second electrode material; 220 - second current collector; 300 - electrolyte solution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; unless otherwise specified, the numerical values ​​of the various parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various measurement methods commonly used in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of this application).

[0030] The terms "include" and "have" in the description and claims of this application and any variations thereof are open expressions, that is, including the contents specified in this application but not excluding other contents.

[0031] Batteries and supercapacitors are classic commercial power / energy storage devices, but neither is easily applicable to off-grid power supply in remote areas. For example, primary cells primarily utilize chemical reactions at their electrodes to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. During this process, the electrode material is constantly consumed. If excessive electrode material consumption occurs, the primary cell will no longer be able to output electrical energy. Supercapacitors store energy through the double electric layer at the solid-liquid interface of the electrodes under an applied bias voltage. They often require an external power source to apply a bias voltage to charge and store energy before they can power electrical devices.

[0032] In one aspect of the present application, a method for generating electricity based on electrode potential difference is proposed, comprising: placing a first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution, wherein the initial potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution is The initial potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution is The first and second electrodes are electrically connected via an external circuit, which includes a switch and a load connected in series. The switch is closed to allow current to flow through the load, and the switch is opened to increase the potential of the first electrode to a value greater than that of the second electrode. Thus, the aforementioned power generation method can utilize a variety of electrolyte solutions to stably output electrical energy, with virtually no consumption of the first and second electrodes during the power generation process. The entire power generation process does not require pre-charging of an external power source, enabling long-term cyclic power generation.

[0033] The following explains the principle by which the aforementioned power generation method based on electrode potential difference can achieve the aforementioned technical effects:

[0034] When the first electrode contacts the electrolyte solution, a first solid-liquid interface double layer is formed between the first electrode and the electrolyte solution. At this time, the first electrode has an initial potential in the electrolyte solution. When the second electrode contacts the electrolyte solution, a second solid-liquid interface double layer is formed between the second electrode and the electrolyte solution. At this time, the second electrode has an initial potential in the electrolyte solution. when When , there is a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. Since the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected through an external circuit, and the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load in series, when the switch of the external circuit is closed, ion migration and ion redistribution will occur near the first solid-liquid interface double layer and near the second solid-liquid interface double layer, so that the potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution and the potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution will approach the same, that is, and The difference between the two gradually decreases until it reaches zero. During this process, electrons in the external circuit move in a directional manner, generating a current through the load. When the external circuit is disconnected, the materials constituting the first electrode and the second electrode gradually return to their initial potentials due to their intrinsic properties within the electrolyte solution. Therefore, the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer spontaneously return to their initial states until the potential of the first electrode is greater than that of the second electrode. This process is repeated repeatedly, and the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are hardly consumed during the charge and discharge process. As a result, the battery composed of the first and second electrodes can achieve long-term cyclic power generation, and the entire power generation process does not require pre-charging operations from an external power source.

[0035] It should be noted that when the external circuit is not connected, the initial potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution is The initial potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution is The current state is the initial state.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the switch is open, the potential of the first electrode is equal to The potential of the second electrode is equal to Therefore, when the switch of the external circuit is disconnected, the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer spontaneously return to their initial state, that is, the potential of the first electrode is equal to and the potential of the second electrode is equal to It is further beneficial to long-term cycle power generation.

[0037] In some embodiments, 0.01V~10V.

[0038] In some embodiments, It is 0.1V~1V.

[0039] As a specific example, It can be 0.01V, 0.03V, 0.05V, 0.08V, 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.3V, 0.4V, 0.5V, 0.6V, 0.7V, 0.8V, 0.9V, 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V, 7V, 8V, 9V or 10V, etc.

[0040] The power generation method based on electrode potential difference of the present application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The use of this power generation method is conducive to the stable output of electrical energy in a variety of electrolyte solutions. The first electrode and the second electrode are almost not consumed during the power generation process. The entire power generation process does not require pre-charging operation of an external power supply, and long-term cyclic power generation can be achieved.

[0042] (2) During the entire power generation process, the electrolyte solution and the first electrode / second electrode do not need to move relative to each other, and the power generation method is less restricted by the environment.

[0043] (3) This power generation method is simple, efficient, green and recyclable, which is conducive to large-scale promotion and use.

[0044] In a second aspect of the present application, a power generation device based on a power generation method is proposed. Referring to FIG1 , the device comprises: a first electrode 100, a second electrode 200, and an electrolyte solution 300. The first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 are disposed within the electrolyte solution 300. The first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 are electrically connected via an external circuit, and the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load connected in series. As a result, the power generation device has a simple structure and excellent power output, with an output power density of up to 5 watts per square meter. Furthermore, the power generation device has an extremely long service life, maintaining a relatively good power output performance after millions of power generation cycles.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first electrode 100 includes a first electrode material 110, the second electrode 200 includes a second electrode material 210, and the first electrode material 110 is different from the second electrode material 210. Factors affecting the potential of the electrode in the electrolyte solution include the intrinsic properties of the electrode material (such as the type of functional group, lattice defects, isomorphous substitution, etc.), the surface adsorption of the electrode material in the electrolyte solution, the type of electrolyte solution ions, the electrolyte solution ion concentration, the electrolyte solution temperature, etc. Under normal circumstances, different electrode materials have different initial potentials in the same electrolyte solution. Therefore, by controlling the difference between the first electrode material 110 and the second electrode material 210, it is beneficial to regulate the initial potential of the first electrode 100 in the electrolyte solution 300. and the initial potential of the second electrode 200 in the electrolyte solution 300 And make This is then beneficial to improving the electrical output effect of the power generation device.

[0046] Furthermore, the first electrode material 110 and the second electrode material 210 each independently include at least one of a metal, a non-metallic conductor, a non-metallic semiconductor, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbide, a sulfide, a nitride, a conductive polymer, a metal-organic framework material, a covalent organic framework material, and a carbon-based material. For example, the oxide includes a metal oxide. Thus, the potential difference between the first electrode material 110 and the second electrode material 210 in the electrolyte solution 300 facilitates the stable output of electrical energy to the external circuit.

[0047] In some embodiments, referring to FIG1 , the first electrode 100 further includes a first current collector 120, with the first electrode material 110 located on at least one side of the first current collector 120. The second electrode 200 further includes a second current collector 220, with the second electrode material 210 located on at least one side of the second current collector 220. Thus, the provision of the first current collector 120 is beneficial for improving the conductivity of the first electrode 100, and the provision of the second current collector 220 is beneficial for improving the conductivity of the second electrode 200, thereby facilitating improved electrical output of the power generation device.

[0048] Furthermore, the first current collector 120 and the second current collector 220 each independently include at least one of a metal and a non-metal foil film, including but not limited to graphite foil, aluminum foil, copper foil, carbon cloth, gold foil, etc. As a result, the first current collector 120 and the second current collector 220 have good electrical conductivity, further facilitating improved power output of the power generation device.

[0049] In some embodiments, referring to FIG1 , the first electrode material 110 and the second electrode material 210 are disposed relative to each other. This helps shorten the ion migration distance between the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer, shortening the time it takes for the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer to spontaneously recover to their initial state, thereby shortening the off time of the switch during the cyclic power generation process. Furthermore, this helps reduce the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0050] 1 , the main surface of the first electrode material 110 and the main surface of the second electrode material 210 are relatively parallel, thereby further reducing the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit and improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0051] It needs to be explained that the internal resistance in the internal circuit refers to the resistance generated by the power generation device in the electrolyte solution. The factors affecting the internal resistance of the internal circuit mainly include the ion migration and ion redistribution in the first solid-liquid interface double layer, the ion migration and ion redistribution in the second solid-liquid interface double layer, the first electrode resistance, the second electrode resistance, and the conductivity of the electrolyte solution.

[0052] In some embodiments, the vertical distance between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 is 0.01 mm to 20 cm.

[0053] In some embodiments, the vertical distance between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 is 0.01 cm to 2 cm.

[0054] As a specific example, the vertical distance between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 can be 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.01 cm, 0.02 cm, 0.03 cm, 0.04 cm, 0.05 cm, 0.06 cm, 0.07 cm, 0.08 cm, 0.09 cm, 0.1 cm, 0.2 cm, 0.3 cm, 0.4 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.1 cm, 1.2 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.4 cm, 1.5 cm, 1.6 cm, 1.7 cm, 1.8 cm, 1.9 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm, 18 cm, 20 cm, etc.

[0055] The vertical distance between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 is controlled within the aforementioned range. The vertical distance between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 is moderate, which is conducive to alleviating the hidden danger of short circuit of the power generation device due to direct contact between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200, thereby improving the safety of the power generation device. In addition, the ion migration distance between the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer is moderate, the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit is small, and the power generation efficiency of the power generation device is better.

[0056] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first electrode 100 is 0.25 cm 2 ~100cm 2 .

[0057] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first electrode 100 is 0.25 cm 2 ~9cm 2 .

[0058] As a specific example, the area of ​​the first electrode 100 may be 0.25 cm 2 , 0.5cm 2 , 0.75cm 2 , 1cm 2 , 1.5cm 2 , 2cm 2 , 2.5cm 2 , 3cm 2 , 3.5cm 2 , 4cm 2 , 4.5cm 2 , 5cm 2 , 5.5cm 2 , 6cm 2 、6.5cm 2 , 7cm 2 , 7.5cm 2 , 8cm 2 , 8.5cm 2 , 9cm 2 , 10cm 2 , 20cm 2 , 30cm 2 , 40cm 2 , 50cm 2 、60cm 2 , 70cm 2 , 80cm 2 , 90cm 2 , 100cm 2As a result, the internal resistance of the first electrode 100 is relatively small, and the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit is relatively small, which is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device. In addition, the area of ​​the first electrode 100 is moderate, which is beneficial to ensuring the material uniformity of the first electrode 100 and the safety of the power generation device.

[0059] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the second electrode 200 is 0.25 cm 2 ~100cm 2 .

[0060] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the second electrode 200 is 0.25 cm 2 ~9cm 2 .

[0061] As a specific example, the area of ​​the second electrode 200 may be 0.25 cm 2 , 0.5cm 2 , 0.75cm 2 , 1cm 2 , 1.5cm 2 , 2cm 2 , 2.5cm 2 , 3cm 2 , 3.5cm 2 , 4cm 2 , 4.5cm 2 , 5cm 2 , 5.5cm 2 , 6cm 2 、6.5cm 2 , 7cm 2 , 7.5cm 2 , 8cm 2 , 8.5cm 2 , 9cm 2 , 10cm 2 , 20cm 2 , 30cm 2 , 40cm 2 , 50cm 2 、60cm 2 , 70cm 2 , 80cm 2 , 90cm 2 , 100cm 2 As a result, the internal resistance of the second electrode 200 is relatively small, and the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit is relatively small, which is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device; in addition, the area of ​​the second electrode 200 is moderate, which is beneficial to ensuring the material uniformity of the second electrode 200 and the safety of the power generation device.

[0062] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the area of ​​the first electrode 100 is equal to the area of ​​the second electrode 200. This further helps to improve the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0063] In some embodiments, the electrolyte solution 300 includes at least one of water, a salt solution, an acid solution, an alkaline solution, an ionic liquid, an organic solution, and a gel. Thus, the electrolyte solution 300 having a high ion concentration can help shorten the time it takes for the first solid-liquid interface double layer and the second solid-liquid interface double layer to spontaneously return to their initial state, thereby shortening the switch disconnection time during the cyclic power generation process and improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0064] In some embodiments, the switch on the external circuit is a switch triggered in any form, such as a contact switch driven by wind energy, a temperature switch or thermal switch driven by temperature change, a ball switch or vibration switch driven by human movement. Specifically, the switch on the external circuit can be at least one of a single-pole single-throw switch, a rotary and selection switch, a wave switch, a sliding switch, a temperature and thermal switch, a timing switch and a cycle time relay.

[0065] For ease of understanding, the following is a brief description of the preparation method of the power generation device in this application:

[0066] S1: In the presence of an organic solvent, the electrode material, the binder and the additive are mixed to obtain an electrode slurry

[0067] In some embodiments, in this step, when the electrode material is the first electrode material, the electrode slurry obtained at this time is the first electrode slurry; when the electrode material is the second electrode material, the electrode slurry obtained at this time is the second electrode slurry.

[0068] In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

[0069] In some embodiments, the binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0070] In some embodiments, the additive includes conductive carbon black.

[0071] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the electrode material, binder, and additive can be 1:(1 / 8 to 1 / 4):(1 / 18 to 1 / 8). For example, the mass ratio can be 1:1 / 8:1 / 18; 1:1 / 8:1 / 8; 1:1 / 6:1 / 18; 1:1 / 6:1 / 8; 1:1 / 4:1 / 18; or 1:1 / 4:1 / 8. This helps improve the conductivity and adhesion of the electrode slurry.

[0072] S2: Form the electrode slurry on the surface of the current collector and dry it to obtain the electrode

[0073] In some embodiments, in this step, when the electrode slurry is a first electrode slurry, the first electrode 100 is obtained after drying; when the electrode slurry is a second electrode slurry, the second electrode 200 is obtained after drying.

[0074] In some embodiments, the temperature for drying the electrode slurry is 50° C. to 70° C., and the time for drying the electrode slurry is 8 hours to 12 hours. Thus, electrodes of better quality can be obtained.

[0075] In some embodiments, the electrode slurry is formed on the surface of the current collector in a manner comprising at least one of spraying, doctor blade coating, brush coating, and dipping.

[0076] In some embodiments, in the electrode obtained by drying, the thickness of the electrode film layer on the surface of the current collector is 5 μm to 500 μm.

[0077] In some embodiments, in the electrode obtained by drying, the thickness of the electrode film layer on the surface of the current collector is 5 μm to 100 μm.

[0078] As a specific example, the thickness of the electrode film layer on the surface of the current collector can be 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, etc.

[0079] The thickness of the electrode film layer on the surface of the current collector is controlled within the aforementioned range. The electrode film layer thickness is moderate, the internal resistance of the electrode is small, and the internal resistance of the power generation device in the internal circuit is small, which is conducive to improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation device.

[0080] S3: placing the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 in the electrolyte solution 300, and electrically connecting the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 via an external circuit, wherein the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load connected in series.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first electrode 100 , the second electrode 200 , the switch, and the load are electrically connected via wires, and the wires in the electrolyte solution 300 are encapsulated with insulating silica gel.

[0082] In some embodiments, step S3 further includes: integrally packaging the electrolyte solution 300, the first electrode 100, and the second electrode 200. This can reduce the impact of external factors on the power generation process of the power generation device.

[0083] In a third aspect of the present application, a power generation device is provided, comprising a plurality of power generation devices connected in series and / or in parallel, wherein the power generation device is the power generation device of the aforementioned embodiment. Thus, the power generation device includes all the advantages of the aforementioned power generation devices, which will not be elaborated here.

[0084] In some embodiments, the power generation device is a plurality of power generation devices connected in series, and the output voltage of the power generation device increases continuously as the number of power generation devices connected in series increases, thereby achieving a high voltage output of the power generation device.

[0085] In some embodiments, the power generation device is a plurality of power generation devices connected in parallel, and the output current of the power generation device increases continuously as the number of power generation devices connected in parallel increases, thereby achieving a large current output of the power generation device.

[0086] The following examples of the present application are described in detail. It should be noted that the following examples are illustrative and are intended only to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. In addition, unless otherwise expressly stated, all reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be synthesized according to methods described herein or known methods. Reaction conditions not listed are also readily available to those skilled in the art.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] The following steps are involved in generating electricity using a power generation device:

[0089] (1) In 10 mL of NMP solvent, 1.6 g of MnO2 powder, 0.2 g of conductive carbon black, and 0.2 g of PVDF powder were mixed and mixed in a planetary stirrer at a speed of 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a uniform MnO2 electrode slurry; in 10 mL of NMP solvent, 1.6 g of MoS2 powder, 0.2 g of conductive carbon black, and 0.2 g of PVDF powder were mixed and mixed in a planetary stirrer at a speed of 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a uniform MoS2 electrode slurry;

[0090] (2) The MnO2 electrode slurry was coated on a 25 μm graphite foil using a four-sided coater, and dried in a vacuum oven at a drying temperature of 60°C and a drying time of 10 h to obtain a MnO2 electrode, wherein the MnO2 film thickness was 30 μm; the MoS2 electrode slurry was coated on a 25 μm graphite foil using a four-sided coater, and dried in a vacuum oven at a drying temperature of 60°C and a drying time of 10 h to obtain a MoS2 electrode, wherein the MoS2 film thickness was 30 μm;

[0091] (3) Cut the MnO2 electrode and MoS2 electrode into 2 cm 2 Size, 2cm 2 MnO2 electrode and 2cm 2The MoS2 electrode was placed in a 100mM sodium chloride solution at 25°C. The MnO2 electrode and the MoS2 electrode were placed face-to-face and parallel, with a vertical distance of 160μm between them. Wires were introduced from the graphite foil in the MnO2 electrode and the graphite foil in the MoS2 electrode, respectively. The wires in the electrolyte solution were encapsulated with insulating silicone. The electrolyte solution, first electrode, and second electrode were then encapsulated as a whole to form a power generation device.

[0092] The external circuit of the power generation device includes a voltmeter and an ammeter for testing the power generation signal. The voltmeter and ammeter respectively test the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the power generation device, as shown in Figure 2, wherein the first electrode 100 is a MnO2 electrode, the first electrode material 110 is a MnO2 film layer, the first current collector 120 is a graphite foil film layer in the MnO2 electrode, the second electrode 200 is a MoS2 electrode, the second electrode material 210 is a MoS2 film layer, the second current collector 220 is a graphite foil film layer in the MoS2 electrode, and the electrolyte solution 300 is a sodium chloride solution.

[0093] Referring to Figure 3, in the initial state, the initial potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the MoS2 electrode in a 100mM sodium chloride solution is approximately 0.28V. The MnO2 electrode and the MoS2 electrode are the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. When the switch is closed, the potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the MoS2 electrode gradually approaches 0, and the current is approximately 40mA. When the switch is opened, the potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the MoS2 electrode gradually approaches 0.28V, and the current is 0mA. The single closing time of the switch is 2s, and the single opening time of the switch is 300s. After 10,000 cycles of power generation, the performance retention rate still exceeds 80%.

[0094] Referring to FIG4 , which is a graph showing the change in power density and external resistance of the power generation device, it can be seen that when the external resistance is around 100 ohms, the power density reaches a maximum of about 5 watts per square meter, which has reached a commercial level.

[0095] Referring to Figure 5, 400 power generation devices are connected in series to obtain a first power generation device. Using a voltmeter to test, it can be measured that the output voltage of the first power generation device increases linearly with the increase in the number of power generation devices connected in series. 400 power generation devices connected in series can generate an output voltage of about 120V.

[0096] Referring to Figure 6, 400 power generation devices are connected in parallel to obtain a second power generation device. Using an ammeter test, it can be measured that the output current of the second power generation device increases linearly with the increase in the number of parallel power generation devices. 400 power generation devices connected in parallel can generate an output peak current of about 200mA.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is:

[0099] The MoS2 powder in step (1) is replaced with activated carbon to prepare an activated carbon electrode;

[0100] The concentration of the sodium chloride solution in step (3) was replaced from 100 mM to 300 mM.

[0101] In the initial state, the initial potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the activated carbon electrode in a 300mM sodium chloride solution is about 0.3V. When the switch is closed, the potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the activated carbon electrode gradually approaches 0, and the current is about 50mA. When the switch is opened, the potential difference between the MnO2 electrode and the activated carbon electrode gradually approaches 0.3V, and the current is 0mA. The single closing time of the switch is 2s, and the single opening time of the switch is 500s. This cycle of power generation still maintains a good performance retention rate after tens of thousands of cycles.

[0102] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for generating electricity based on electrode potential difference, characterized in that: include: The first electrode and the second electrode are placed in an electrolyte solution, wherein the initial potential of the first electrode in the electrolyte solution is The initial potential of the second electrode in the electrolyte solution is The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected via an external circuit, wherein the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load connected in series; Closing the switch to allow current to flow through the load; The switch is opened so that the potential of the first electrode is greater than the potential of the second electrode.

2. The power generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the switch is open, the potential of the first electrode is equal to The potential of the second electrode is equal to 3. The power generation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 0.01V~10V.

4. A power generation device based on any one of the power generation methods described in 1-3, characterized in that: include: A first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte solution, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in the electrolyte solution, the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected through an external circuit, and the external circuit is provided with a switch and a load connected in series.

5. The power generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first electrode comprises a first electrode material, the second electrode comprises a second electrode material, the first electrode material is different from the second electrode material, Wherein, the first electrode material and the second electrode material independently include at least one of a metal element, a non-metallic conductor, a non-metallic semiconductor, an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbide, a sulfide, a nitride, a conductive polymer, a metal-organic framework material, a covalent organic framework material and a carbon-based material.

6. The power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first electrode further includes a first current collector, and the first electrode material is located on at least one side of the first current collector; the second electrode further includes a second current collector, and the second electrode material is located on at least one side of the second current collector; Wherein, the first current collector and the second current collector independently include at least one of metal and non-metal foil films.

7. The power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first electrode material and the second electrode material are arranged opposite to each other.

8. The power generation device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 0.01 mm to 20 cm.

9. The power generation device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The electrolyte solution includes at least one of water, salt solution, acid solution, alkaline solution, ionic liquid, organic solution and gel.

10. A power generation device, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of power generation devices connected in series and / or in parallel, and the power generation device is the power generation device according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

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