Apparatus and method for supporting measurement of ambient IoT communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, provided is a method performed by a first device, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting, to a second device, a trigger signal related to measurement of the quality of a first frequency of a single-tone-based carrier wave (CW); receiving, from the second device, a measurement result for the quality of the first frequency of the single-tone-based CW; determining a second frequency of the single-tone-based CW or determining a waveform change to a multi-tone-based CW on the basis of the measurement result; and transmitting, to the second device, a frequency change instruction of the single-tone-based CW that is based on the second frequency or a waveform change instruction to the multi-tone-based CW.

Description

Device and method for supporting measurement of ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for supporting measurement of Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0002]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Typically, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power). Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA).

[0004]

[0005] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure provides a device and method for supporting measurement of Ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007]

[0008] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a first device is provided, the method comprising: transmitting a trigger signal related to measurement of a quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) to a second device; receiving a measurement result of the quality of the first frequency of the single-tone based CW from the second device; determining a second frequency of the single-tone based CW or determining a waveform change to a multi-tone based CW based on the measurement result; and transmitting to the second device an instruction to change the frequency of the single-tone based CW or an instruction to change the waveform to the multi-tone based CW based on the second frequency.

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a second device is provided, the method comprising: receiving a trigger signal related to measurement of a quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) from a first device; transmitting a measurement result of the quality of the first frequency of the single-tone based CW to the first device; and receiving, from the first device, an instruction to change a frequency of the single-tone based CW related to the second frequency or an instruction to change a waveform to a multi-tone based CW based on the measurement result.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016]

[0017] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure can provide a device and method for supporting measurement of Ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system.

[0018]

[0019] The accompanying drawings are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and, together with detailed descriptions, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may indicate structural elements.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using the same.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless frame structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure, and the device energy state at that time.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028]

[0029] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0030] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0031] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as equivalent to “at least one of A and B.”

[0032] Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0033] Additionally, parentheses used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0034] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0035]

[0036] Common signal transmission methods in 3GPP

[0037] Physical channels and general signal transmission

[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using these channels. Specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and general signal transmission.

[0039] Figure 1 illustrates the physical channels and typical signal transmission used in the 3GPP system. In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via the downlink (DL), and the terminal transmits information to the base station via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0040] When a terminal is powered on again from a powered-off state or newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To this end, the terminal receives the PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as the cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain broadcast information within the cell by receiving the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. In addition, the terminal can receive the DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal) during the initial cell search phase to check the downlink channel status.

[0041] A terminal that has completed initial cell search can obtain more specific system information by receiving a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and a corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0042] Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure to complete connection to the base station (S13-S16). Specifically, the terminal may transmit a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Thereafter, the terminal may transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S15) and perform a contention resolution procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0043] A terminal that has performed the above-described procedure can then perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. Control information that the terminal transmits to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted through PUCCH, but can be transmitted through PUSCH when control information and data must be transmitted simultaneously. In addition, the terminal can aperiodically transmit UCI through PUSCH according to a request / instruction of the network.

[0044]

[0045] OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Numerology

[0046] The new RAT system uses OFDM transmission scheme or a similar transmission scheme. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from those of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow the existing LTE / LTE-A numerology but have a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Alternatively, a single cell may support multiple numerologies. That is, UEs operating under different numerologies can coexist within a single cell.

[0047]

[0048] Radio frame structure

[0049] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0050] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are organized into frames. A radio frame is 10 ms long and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (HF). Each half-frame is defined by five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a regular CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0051] Table 1 illustrates that when CP is normally used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0052] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0053] N slot symb is the number of symbols in the slot. N frame,u slotis the number of slots in the frame. N subframe,u slot is the number of slots within a subframe.

[0054]

[0055] Table 2 illustrates that when extended CP is used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0056] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0057] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0058] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 3 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0059] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0060] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0061] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0062] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0063]

[0064] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0065] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a slot contains 7 symbols for a regular CP, but 6 symbols for an extended CP. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through activated BWPs, and only one BWP can be activated for a single terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0066]

[0067] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0068] Fig. 4 is an exemplary system, illustrating the slot structure of a frame of an NR system.

[0069] The frame structure of NR is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and UL control channel can all be included in a single slot unit, as shown in the example of FIG. 4. At this time, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc. can be transmitted in the DL control channel, and ACK / NACK information for DL ​​data, CSI information (modulation and coding scheme information, MIMO transmission-related information, etc.), scheduling requests, etc. can be transmitted in the UL control channel. In FIG. 4, a time gap for DL-to-UL or UL-to-DL switching may exist between the control region and the data region. In addition, some of DL control / DL data / UL data / UL control may not be configured within a single slot. Or, the order of each channel configuring a single slot may be different. (For example, DL control / DL data / UL control / UL data or UL control / UL data / DL control / DL data, etc.)

[0070]

[0071] Ambient IoT communication (Rel-18)

[0072] The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted significant attention in the wireless communications world. By reducing the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices and installing and connecting hundreds of billions to trillions of IoT devices, it can be applied to a wide range of applications. Specifically, 3GPP SA1 is discussing use cases, scenarios, and KPIs for these IoT devices, captured in TR 22.840. Furthermore, 3GPP RAN has conducted a study on IoT communications using the following SID objectives, and the output of this study is captured in TR 38.848.

[0073]

[0074] This study targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0075] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0076]

[0077] In terms of energy storage, the study will consider the following device characteristics:

[0078] - Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy

[0079] - Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

[0080] Device categorization based on corresponding characteristics (e.g. energy source, energy storage capability, passive / active transmission, etc.) may be discussed during the study, in relation with the relevant use cases.

[0081] The device's peak power consumption shall be limited by its practical form factor for the intended use cases, and shall consider its energy source.

[0082]

[0083] Identify the suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics, at least for the use cases / services agreed in SA1's "Study on Ambient power-enabled internet of Things", comprising among at least the following aspects:

[0084] - Indoor / outdoor environment

[0085] - Basestation characteristics, e.g. macro / micro / pico cell-based deployments

[0086] - Connectivity topologies, including which node(s), e.g., basestation, UE, relay, repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices

[0087] - TDD / FDD and frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum

[0088] - Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies

[0089] - Device originated and / or device terminated traffic assumption

[0090]

[0091] NOTE: There can be more than one deployment scenario identified for a use case, and a deployment scenario may be common to more than one use case.

[0092] NOTE: Where more than one deployment scenario is identified for a use case, the trade-offs between them should also be studied.

[0093] NOTE: The study shall not prioritize deployment aspects that should be coordinated with SA, e.g., public or private network, with or without CN connection.

[0094] NOTE: A representative use case can be studied for a group of use cases that have similar requirements.

[0095]

[0096] Formulate a set of RAN design targets based on the identified deployment scenarios and their characteristics for the relevant use cases, at least including:

[0097] - Power consumption

[0098] - Complexity

[0099] - Coverage

[0100] - Data rate

[0101] - Positioning accuracy

[0102]

[0103] NOTE: The requirements from SA1 on the relevant use cases shall be taken into consideration.

[0104] NOTE: The study shall aim to provide better coverage compared to existing non-3GPP technologies for the relevant use cases.

[0105] NOTE: Other RAN design targets in relation to connection density, mobility, security, latency, reliability, etc. may be discussed, if necessary for the relevant use cases.

[0106] NOTE: Detailed definitions of the RAN design targets should be discussed during the study.

[0107]

[0108] Compare and assess the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use cases on the basis of the deployment scenario(s) appropriate to it, and identify assumptions on required functionality to be supported.

[0109] NOTE: This is not to require a detailed WG-level of analysis.

[0110]

[0111] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g. NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0112] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0113]

[0114] According to the 3GPP RAN study, the following three types of IoT devices were considered:

[0115] Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission

[0116] Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e., backscattering transmission. The stored energy can be used for amplification of reflected signals, etc.

[0117] Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e. has an active RF component for transmission

[0118]

[0119] Additionally, according to the 3GPP RAN study, at least four topologies were considered:

[0120] Topology (1): Base Station ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0121] NOTE: Includes the possibility of BS Rx and BS Tx in different BSs.

[0122]

[0123] Topology (2): Base Station ↔ Intermediate Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device

[0124] NOTE: Intermediate node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0125]

[0126] Topology (3): Base Station ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ Base Station (Topology (3): BS ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ BS)

[0127] NOTE: Assisting node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0128]

[0129] Topology (4): UE ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0130] Ambient IoT solutions SI (Rel-19)

[0131] A study item titled "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" was approved in 3GPP NR Release 19. Specifically, the study item will be conducted in 3GPP NR Release 19 based on the following:

[0132]

[0133] The following is an excerpt from 3GPP Draft RP-234058.

[0134] This study targets a further assessment at RAN WG-level of Ambient IoT, a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0135] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0136]

[0137] General Scope

[0138] The definitions provided in TR 38.848 are taken into this SI, and the following are included in the exclusive general scope:

[0139]

[0140] A. The overall objective shall be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices:

[0141]

[0142] i. ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0143]

[0144] ii. ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0145]

[0146] X is to be decided in WGs.

[0147] Coverage design goal: Maximum distance of 10-50 m ("...a range that WGs can sub-select within") for indoor devices according to TR 38.848.

[0148] For Topologies 1 & 2 (UE as intermediate node under NW control) per TR 38.848, with no RRC states, no mobility (i.e. at least no cell selection / re-selection -like function), no HARQ, no ARQ.

[0149] NOTE 1: It is to be understood that "≤ a few hundred μW" means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the "≤ a few hundred μW" requirement.

[0150]

[0151] B. Deployment Scenarios with the following characteristics, referenced to the tables in Clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848:

[0152]

[0153] Deployment Scenario 1 (Topology 1): Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Micro-cell, co-site.

[0154] Deployment scenario 2 (Topology 2): Using a UE as an intermediate node under network control. Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Macro-cell, co-site.

[0155] The location of the intermediate node is indoor.

[0156] C. FR1 licensed spectrum in FDD.

[0157] D. Spectrum deployment in-band to NR, in guard-band to LTE / NR, in standalone band(s).

[0158] E. Traffic types DO-DTT, DT, with focus on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command).

[0159]

[0160] From RAN#104, the study will assess whether the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) can address the DO-A (Device-originated autonomous) use case.

[0161] Only to identify which part(s) of the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) is / are not sufficient for the DO-A use case.

[0162] Transmission from Ambient IoT devices (including backscattering when used) can occur at least in UL spectrum.

[0163]

[0164] The following objectives are set within the General Scope:

[0165]

[0166] 1. Evaluation assumptions

[0167] a) Conclude at least the following aspects of design targets left to WGs in Clause 5 (RAN design targets) of TR 38.848 [RAN1]:

[0168]

[0169] Clause 5.3: Applicable maximum distance target value(s)

[0170] Clause 5.6: Refine the definition of latency suitable for use in RAN WGs

[0171] Clause 5.8: 2D distribution of devices

[0172] b) Define necessary further evaluation assumptions of deployment scenarios for coverage and coexistence evaluations [RAN1, RAN4].

[0173] c) Identify basic blocks / components of possible Ambient IoT device architectures, taking into account state of the art implementations of low-power low-complexity devices which meet the RAN design target for power consumption and complexity. [RAN1].

[0174] d) Define link budget calculation for coverage, including whether / how to model carrier wave from node(s) inside or outside the connectivity topology.

[0175]

[0176] NOTE: Assessment performance of the design targets is conducted within the study of feasibility and necessity of proposals in the following objectives, e.g., by inspection of reference implementations in the field, simulations, and analytically.

[0177] NOTE: Strive to minimize evaluation cases in RAN1.

[0178]

[0179] 2. Study necessary and feasible solutions for Ambient IoT as prescribed in the General Scope.

[0180] Determining which functions, procedures, etc. are needed and not needed, and ensuring at least the required functionalities in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848.

[0181] Study of positioning in Rel-19 is RAN3-led, limited to functionalities which would have no, or minimal, specification impact.

[0182] Note: this does not imply any decision relating to WI creation.

[0183] Study the feasibility and required functionalities for proximity determination.

[0184] Coordination with SA3 is required for privacy aspects.

[0185] RAN1-led:

[0186] For the Ambient IoT DL and UL, study the following items:

[0187] Frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access

[0188] Numerologies, bandwidths, and multiple access

[0189] Waveforms and modulations

[0190] Channel coding

[0191] Downlink channel / signal aspects

[0192] Uplink channel / signal aspects

[0193] Scheduling and timing relationships

[0194] Study necessary characteristics of carrier-wave waveform for a carrier wave provided externally to the Ambient IoT device, including for interference handling at Ambient IoT UL receiver and at NR basestation.

[0195] For Topology 2, no difference in physical layer design from Topology 1.

[0196] RAN2-led:

[0197] Study and decide which functions are needed for an Ambient IoT compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure to enable DO-DTT and DT data transmission, and study those functions.

[0198] example:

[0199] Paging

[0200] Random access

[0201] Data transmission, including necessary radio resource control aspects, respecting the limitation in the General Scope

[0202] Interactions with upper layers

[0203] For functionalities not listed above, they are studied only if found essential.

[0204] RAN3-led:

[0205] Identify necessary impacts on signaling and procedures for CN-RAN interface to enable:

[0206] Paging

[0207] Device context management

[0208] Data transport

[0209] Identify RAN architecture aspects, including whether support for split architecture is necessary.

[0210] Identify potential solutions for locating an Ambient IoT device with no specification impact, e.g., reusing existing user location report, or minimal specification impact to convey location information to core network.

[0211] RAN4-led:

[0212] Coexistence study of Ambient IoT and NR / LTE.

[0213] RF requirements study for Ambient IoT:

[0214] Ambient IoT BS transmission and reception

[0215] Ambient IoT Device, as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0216] Intermediate node (UE), as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0217] RAN2 and RAN3 are expected to identify RAN-CN functional split in coordination with SA2.

[0218]

[0219] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g., NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0220] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0221]

[0222] Device type

[0223] As described above, the device types of AmIoT (ambient IoT) devices are divided into two types as follows, and there is a design target to pursue a harmonized air interface design that minimizes differences between device types.

[0224] 1) Type 1: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of storing energy, has no amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or UE, or a separate node).

[0225] 2) Type 2: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, is capable of storing energy, has an amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node) or by using an internally generated signal.

[0226]

[0227] Topology

[0228] Among the topologies captured in TR 38.848, release 19 SI primarily considers the following two topologies.

[0229] 1) Topology #1: BS ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0230] a. Direct communication between base stations and AmIoT devices in a micro-cell environment

[0231] b. The base station is located co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0232] 2) Topology #2: BS ↔ intermediate node ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0233] a. An intermediate node exists between the base station and the AmIoT device in a macro-cell environment.

[0234] b. The base station is located co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0235] c. Intermediate nodes are limited to UEs and are located indoors.

[0236] Additionally, we are focusing on the FDD licensed spectrum in FR1, and transmissions from AmIoT devices can occur at least in the FDD UL spectrum.

[0237]

[0238] Technical terms used in this disclosure

[0239] - SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0240] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0241] - RMSI: Remaining Minimum System Information

[0242] - FR1: Frequency Range 1. Refers to the frequency range below 6 GHz (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz).

[0243] - FR2: Frequency Range 2. Refers to the millimeter wave (mmWave) range above 24 GHz (e.g., 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz).

[0244] - BW: Bandwidth

[0245] - BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0246] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0247] - CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0248] - SIB: System Information Block

[0249] - SIB1: SIB1 for NR devices = RMSI (Remaining Minimum System Information). Broadcasts information necessary for NR terminals to connect to the cell.

[0250] - CORESET (COntrol REsource SET): Time / frequency resource for NR terminal to attempt candidate PDCCH decoding

[0251] - CORESET#0: CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for NR devices (configured in MIB)

[0252] - Type0-PDCCH CSS set: a search space set in which an NR UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0253] - MO: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0254] - SIB1-R: (additional) SIB1 for reduced capability NR devices. May be limited to cases where it is generated as a separate TB from SIB1 and transmitted on a separate PDSCH.

[0255] - CORESET#0-R: CORESET#0 for reduced capability NR devices

[0256] - Type0-PDCCH-R CSS set: a search space set in which an redcap UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0257] - MO-R: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0258] - Cell defining SSB (CD-SSB): SSB containing RMSI scheduling information among NR SSBs

[0259] Non-cell defining SSB (non-CD-SSB): An SSB that is placed in the NR sync raster but does not contain RMSI scheduling information for the corresponding cell for measurement purposes. However, it may contain information indicating the location of the cell defining SSB.

[0260] - SCS: subcarrier spacing

[0261] - SI-RNTI: System Information Radio-Network Temporary Identifier

[0262] - Camp on: "Camp on" is the UE state in which the UE stays on a cell and is ready to initiate a potential dedicated service or to receive an ongoing broadcast service.

[0263] - TB: Transport Block

[0264] - RSA (Redcap standalone): Redcap device 또는 service만 지원하는 cell.

[0265] - SIB1(-R)-PDSCH: SIB1(-R)을 전송하는 PDSCH

[0266] - SIB1(-R)-DCI: SIB1(-R)-PDSCH를 scheduling하는 DCI. DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI.

[0267] - SIB1(-R)-PDCCH: SIB1(-R)-DCI를 전송하는 PDCCH

[0268] - FDRA: Frequency Domain Resource Allocation

[0269] - TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0270] - RA: Random Access

[0271] - MSGA: preamble and payload transmissions of the random access procedure for 2-step RA type.

[0272] - MSGB: response to MSGA in the 2-step random access procedure. MSGB may consist of response(s) for contention resolution, fallback indication(s), and backoff indication.

[0273] - RO-N: normal UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH(if configured)를 위한 RO(RACH Occasion)

[0274] - RO-N1, RO-N2: When a separate RO is set for normal UE 2-step RACH, it is divided into RO-N1 (4-step) and RO-N2 (2-step).

[0275] - RO-R: RO (RACH Occasion) set separately from RO-N for redcap UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0276] - RO-R1, RO-R2: When separate ROs are set for redcap UE 2-step RACH, they are distinguished as RO-R1 (4-step) and RO-R2 (2-step).

[0277] - PG-R: MsgA-Preambles Group for redcap UEs

[0278] - RAR: Random Access Response

[0279] - RAR window: the time window to monitor RA response(s)

[0280] - FH: Frequency Hopping

[0281] - iBWP: initial BWP

[0282] - iBWP-DL(-UL): initial DL(UL) BWP

[0283] - iBWP-DL(-UL)-R: (separate) initial DL(UL) BWP for RedCap

[0284] - CS: Cyclic shift

[0285] - NB: Narrowband

[0286] - TO: Traffic Offloading

[0287] -mMTC; Massive Machine Type Communications

[0288] - eMBB: enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication

[0289] - URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication

[0290] - RedCap: Reduced Capability

[0291] - eRedCap: enhanced RedCap

[0292] - FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

[0293] - HD-FDD: Half-Duplex-FDD

[0294] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0295] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0296] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0297] - MM: Mobility Management

[0298] - IWSN: Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

[0299] - LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

[0300] - RB: Resource Block

[0301] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0302] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0303] - PRG: Physical Resource-block Group

[0304] - DFT-s-OFDM: DFT-spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0305] - PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0306] - A-PBCH: Additional PBCH

[0307] - BD: blind detection

[0308] - EPRE: Energy Per RE

[0309] - SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

[0310] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0311] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0312] - DMRS: DeModulation Reference Signal

[0313] - TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0314] - PCI: Physical layer Cell ID

[0315] - EH: Energy Harvesting

[0316] - EH device: A device that operates based on EH. It can include all of Device A / B / C being discussed in 3GPP. In addition, although this disclosure primarily considers RF EH, an EH device does not necessarily have to be RF EH-based.

[0317] - ES: Energizing Signal. A signal / channel transmitted by a base station / IN / AN / UE for the purpose of supplying RF energy to a device operating on RF-based energy harvesting. (Modulated) CW, NR / LTE DL / UL signals, etc. can be ES, and a dedicated signal / channel for ES can also be designed and supported.

[0318] - ET: Energy Transfer

[0319] CW: Carrier wave. Ambient IoT devices supporting backscattering-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating and backscattering "externally provided" CW. Ambient IoT devices supporting independent signal generation-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating "internally generated" CW. Unless otherwise specified, "externally provided" CW for backscattering is assumed. CW can be used as an energizing signal (ES) for RF energy transfer.

[0320] - CWN: Carrier Wave Node. A node that provides the CW. It may be a base station / IN / AN / UE, and there may be a separate CWN for CW provision purposes.

[0321] - R: Reader / interrogator. This is a standard RFID term. In the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, readers can include gNB / eNB, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs, depending on the topology. Furthermore, Ambient IoT is not limited to 4G / 5G communication systems, and can include base stations, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs in next-generation communication systems.

[0322] - T: Tag / ambient IoT device. RFID standard term. In this disclosure, it can be interchanged with EH device, and in the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, it mainly refers to Ambient IoT device, Device A / B / C.

[0323] - R→T: Reader-to-Tag or Reader-to-Tag communication link. If the base station or intermediate / assisting node is the reader, it may have the same meaning as DL.

[0324] - T→R: Tag-to-Reader or Tag-to-Reader communication link. If the base station or intermediate / assisting node is the reader, it may have the same meaning as UL.

[0325] - R↔T: Includes cases of R→T and T→R, or R→T or T→R. It may be the case that both R→T and T→>R apply.

[0326] - BS: Base Station

[0327] - IN: Intermediate node. In Topology 2 (BS ↔ IN ↔ Ambient IoT device), IN acts as the reader. Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be IN.

[0328] - AN: Assisting node. It can assist DL transmission in Topology 3-1 (BS → AN → Ambient IoT device → BS), or assist UL transmission in Topology 3-2 (BS → Ambient IoT device → AN → BS). Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be AN.

[0329] - UE: User Equipment. In the case of LTE, NR, or next-generation communication systems, it refers to the LTE, NR, or next-generation communication system UE / terminal, respectively. It is a general wireless communication terminal type that is distinct from Ambient IoT devices or Device A / B / C. In Topology 4 (UE ↔ Ambient IoT device), the UE acts as the reader.

[0330] - Device: Unless otherwise stated, and when used alone, refers to EH device, Ambient IoT device, or Device A / B / C indiscriminately.

[0331] - AmIoT: Ambient IoT

[0332] - F-gap: Frequency gap

[0333] - T-gap: Time gap

[0334] - TD: Time Domain

[0335] - FD: Frequency Domain

[0336] - PEI: Paging Early Indication

[0337] - LP-WUS: Low-Power Wake-Up Signal

[0338] - LP-SS: Low-Power Synchronization Signal

[0339] - RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0340] - ESRP: ES Received Power. This may refer to RSRP measured using ES. It may have the same meaning as ES-RSRP.

[0341] - PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0342] - EH circuit: A circuit that performs EH operations. An EH device can be viewed as containing an EH circuit in component form.

[0343] - PHR: Power Headroom Report

[0344] - EHR: Energy Headroom Report

[0345] - BPF: Band-Pass Filter

[0346] - SM: Subcarrier Modulation

[0347]

[0348] Composition and Method of the Invention

[0349] In this disclosure, '()' can be interpreted as both excluding the content within () and including the content within the parentheses.

[0350] In this disclosure, ' / ' may mean including all of the contents separated by / (and) or including only some of the contents separated by / (or).

[0351] Ambient IoT devices can be characterized as maintenance-free, meaning they can operate permanently without battery replacement. This is achieved by harvesting energy from RF signals and / or other sources of ambient energy. According to 3GPP SA1 study results document TR 22.840, RF energy harvesting can have the following advantages and potential applications:

[0352] The main advantage of RF-based energy harvesting is its availability in deployed environments and the fact that RF power is controllable.

[0353] For example, power can be sent by a transmitter on demand or periodically.

[0354] Potential applications include logistics / warehouse, manufacturing, smart homes, health monitoring, and environmental monitoring etc.

[0355]

[0356] In the 3GPP Rel-18 Ambient IoT study, Ambient IoT devices were classified into the following types / classes.

[0357] (1) Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission

[0358] Complexity comparable to UHF passive RFID.

[0359] (2) Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.

[0360] Complexity is expected to be somewhere b / w Device A and C.

[0361] (3) Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e. active RF component for transmission.

[0362] Complexity will be orders of magnitude lower than NB-IoT.

[0363]

[0364] Additionally, the ongoing Rel-19 Ambient IoT solutions study classifies devices into the following two types / classes and pursues a harmonized air interface design that minimizes differences between device types / classes.

[0365] - Device i: has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of storing energy, has no amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node).

[0366] - Device ii: has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, is capable of storing energy, has an amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally.

[0367] In addition to the above classification methods, Ambient IoT device types / classes can be distinguished in various ways using parameters related to device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of BPF, supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of parameters. (Here, BPF capability can be distinguished by 3-dB bandwidth, sharpness, etc. of the supported BPF, and UL transmission methods can be distinguished by, for example, backscattered UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.)

[0368] For some Ambient IoT device types / classes (e.g., Device B / C / i / ii), energy storage capability, i.e. capacitor or charging battery, may be provided for the following purposes:

[0369] - Securing stable energy at the time of reception / transmission

[0370] - Operation of low-power communication module through energy storage in low RF energy state

[0371] For example, the minimum RF Rx sensitivity for operating a low-power communication module may be -20 dBm, and the minimum Rx sensitivity for energy harvesting may be -20 dBm. In this case, if the ambient IoT device Rx power ranges between -30 and -20 dBm, communication is impossible without a capacitor, but communication may be possible after a charging time with a capacitor.

[0372] - Energy harvested from various energy sources (e.g., solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) is accumulated in a single capacitor and a low-power communication module is operated at a desired time.

[0373]

[0374] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure, and the device energy state at that time.

[0375] Figure 5 is an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability, and the device energy state at that time.

[0376] In the figure below of Fig. 5, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in the S1 and S2 states, respectively.

[0377] Active state can mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting, sensing, etc. for communication, and sleep state can be a state that is not active.

[0378] The upper figure of Fig. 5 may be a device energy state corresponding to the figure below.

[0379] E1, E2 values ​​may vary by device (type / class) and may be reported by the device to the R / base station as capability parameters.

[0380] E2 can be defined as the energy value in the buffer state, and E1 can be defined as the minimum energy value required in the active state.

[0381] The transition from S1 to S2 is possible only when the device energy state value is Alt.G1) E2, or has reached E2, or is greater than Alt.G2) E1, i.e., is possible in the range of E1 to E2, and Alt.G1 is assumed in Fig. G1.

[0382] Ambient IoT devices can be implemented in a variety of connection topologies. For example, the Rel-18 Ambient IoT study defined the following four connection topologies to support Ambient IoT communications in 3GPP communication systems.

[0383] Topology (1): Base Station ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0384] NOTE: Includes the possibility of BS Rx and BS Tx in different BSs.

[0385] Topology (2): Base Station ↔ Intermediate Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device

[0386]

[0387] NOTE: Intermediate node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0388] Topology (3): Base Station ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ Base Station (Topology (3): BS ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ BS)

[0389] NOTE: Assisting node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0390] Topology (4): UE ↔ Ambient IoT device.

[0391]

[0392] Ambient IoT devices can support backscattered UL transmission for low-power UL transmission. For example, the previously described Ambient IoT devices A / B / i / ii can support backscattered UL transmission. Ambient IoT devices require externally provided CW for backscattered UL transmission. CW can also be used to power Ambient IoT devices or as a carrier wave for DL ​​transmission, regardless of the UL transmission mode (i.e., backscattered UL transmission or internally generated UL transmission).

[0393] CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, they can be single-tone CW or more complex multi-tone waveforms. Single-tone CW uses fewer resources and thus can be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of tag or reader multiplexing capacity and interference. On the other hand, multi-tone CW offers advantages such as greater energy transfer when transmitting CW downlink and greater coverage from a single device.

[0394] Considering the somewhat conflicting advantages of these different CW waveform types, the Ambient IoT system can support multiple CW waveform types and have the base station / IN / AN / UE configure them. For example, the CW waveform types supported by the Ambient IoT communication system can be configured / defined in advance in the specification, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the Ambient IoT device via DL. The base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / indicate the selected CW waveform type to the Ambient IoT device in the form of a preamble / frame-sync transmitted via DL or a command / message transmitted as a payload.

[0395] In the present disclosure, if CW1 and CW2 are each composed of a single tone but the tones have different frequency positions, CW1 and CW2 can be classified as different CW waveform types. In addition, if CW3 and CW4 are each composed of multiple tones but the number of tones they comprise or the frequency positions they comprise are different, CW3 and CW4 can be classified as different CW waveform types.

[0396] This disclosure proposes a method for measuring and reporting Ambient IoT devices and a base station measurement method for Ambient IoT communications. The measurement targets may be the DL / UL quality between the base station / IN / AN / UE and the Ambient IoT device. The proposed method is expected to be utilized in CW resource management, RRM for Ambient IoT communications, and Ambient IoT mobility support, enabling wireless communication systems to support a variety of Ambient IoT devices and services.

[0397]

[0398] Ambient IoT device measurement support method

[0399] An Ambient IoT device can measure the quality (e.g., signal strength including or excluding interference) of a DL signal / channel transmitted and received from a base station / IN / AN / UE, and report the measurement result to the base station by transmitting it to the UL. The base station / IN / AN / UE can refer to the measurement result reported by the Ambient IoT device (together with the result of the base station / IN / AN / UE measuring the quality of the UL signal / channel transmitted and received from the Ambient IoT device) to perform RRM (Radio Resource Management) or MM (Mobility Management) operations for Ambient IoT communication. The RRM / MM may include a handover function that changes the base station / IN / AN / UE and / or CWN (if a separate carrier wave node exists) with which the Ambient IoT communicates based on the measurement result.

[0400] [Example #1]

[0401] - Base station / IN / AN / UE selects one of the supported CW waveforms and transmits it to DL (CW-X)

[0402] - Ambient IoT devices measure the quality of CW (CW-X) transmitted to the resource and report it to UL.

[0403] - The base station / IN / AN / UE can change the CW (CW-Y) for subsequent CW transmissions based on the Ambient IoT device measurement results reported to UL, or use the same CW (CW-X) but change the time / frequency / power resources. For example, the same CW (CW-X) can be transmitted but with adjusted power.

[0404] - An operation like Example #1 may be intended to support operations such as starting with single-tone CW, measuring the distance between the Ambient IoT device and the base station / IN / AN / UE based on signal strength, and switching to multi-tone CW, which is advantageous for coverage, when the distance exceeds a certain level.

[0405]

[0406] In the case of single-tone CW, but when the positions of the tones on the frequency are different, and are defined as different CW waveform types, N single-tone CWs with different tones positions can be set / defined in advance in the spec, and a method can be included in which the base station / IN / AN / UE selects one of the N single-tone CWs supported and transmits it to the Ambient IoT device as a DL. In this case, the base station / IN / AN / UE can set / instruct / display a value corresponding to the index of the single-tone CW selected from among the N single-tone CWs to the Ambient IoT device in the form of a preamble / frame-sync / command / message transmitted as a DL.

[0407] Or, when supporting multiple single-tone CWs with different tones in frequency position as above, the same CW waveform type can be defined and the relative frequency offset value can be set / indicated / displayed to the Ambient IoT device. To this end, one reference single-tone CW that can be a reference for the relative frequency offset value can be set / defined in advance, and the remaining N-1 single-tone CWs supported can be set / indicated / displayed as relative frequency offset values ​​from the reference single-tone CW. The reference single-tone CW can be, for example, the CW with the lowest / highest / center frequency position (e.g., lowest / highest / center SCS index) among the supported single-tone CWs.

[0408] Even if CW is frequency shifted and transmitted as DL as above, the base station / IN / AN / UE may want to fix the frequency position received as UL to a certain level due to interference issues, etc. For example, in order to support this operation, when the Ambient IoT device receives the (relative) frequency position information of the DL CW transmitted by the base station / IN / AN / UE in the above manner, it can use the received information to decide whether to perform UL transmission (or whether to respond) (based on its own device type / class / capability) (in response to DL reception), or determine the UL transmission frequency position during UL transmission. In the latter case, for example, when applying the frequency shift (by a method such as subcarrier modulation), the frequency shift value to be applied can be adjusted using the (relative) frequency position information of the received DL CW.

[0409] The method for supporting measurement of ambient IoT devices can be applied to a method of setting the above-mentioned multiple selectable single-tone CWs and allowing the base station / IN / AN / UE to select a single-tone CW in a frequency position with good quality based on the measurement / reporting results of the ambient IoT device. That is, the base station / IN / AN / UE can switch between single-tone CWs in different frequency positions based on the measurement / reporting results of the ambient IoT device. This may be a kind of operation similar to frequency selective scheduling of single-tone CW. To this end, the ambient IoT device can perform measurement / reporting that can determine the frequency selectivity.

[0410] When changing the frequency of a single-tone CW in this way, for example, from f1 to f2, the Ambient IoT device may have a way to apply a fixed frequency offset value F_gap. Additionally, to maintain the backscatter frequency even when the single-tone CW frequency is changed, a method of subtracting (f2-f1) from F_gap and then applying it as the final F_gap' value may be applied.

[0411]

[0412] Base station / IN / AN / UE measurement support method

[0413] The base station / IN / AN / UE can measure the quality (e.g., signal strength including or excluding interference) of UL signals / channels transmitted and received from Ambient IoT devices, and perform RRM (Radio Resource Management) or MM (Mobility Management) operations for Ambient IoT communications by referring to the measurement results (together with the measurement results of DL signals / channels reported by the Ambient IoT devices). The RRM / MM can include a handover function that changes the base station / IN / AN / UE and / or CWN (if a separate carrier wave node exists) with which the Ambient IoT communicates based on the measurement results.

[0414] [Example #2]

[0415] - Base station / IN / AN / UE selects one of the supported CW waveforms and transmits it to DL (CW-X)

[0416] - Ambient IoT devices perform backscatter UL transmission using CW (CW-X) transmitted to the corresponding resource (UL transmission may or may not include the Ambient IoT device's own measurement results)

[0417] - The base station / IN / AN / UE can measure the quality of the backscattered UL transmission signal using the transmitted CW (CW-X), and refer to the measurement result (together with the measurement result of the DL signal / channel reported by the Ambient IoT device) to change the CW (CW-Y) in subsequent CW transmissions, or use the same CW (CW-X) but change the time / frequency / power resources. For example, the same CW (CW-X) can be transmitted but with adjusted power.

[0418] - An operation like Example #2 may be intended to support operations such as starting with single-tone CW, measuring the distance between the Ambient IoT device and the base station / IN / AN / UE based on signal strength, and switching to multi-tone CW, which is advantageous for coverage, when the distance exceeds a certain level.

[0419]

[0420] The base station / IN / AN / UE instructs / commands the Ambient IoT devices to transmit UL including their IDs in order to measure / identify the number of Ambient IoT devices (by Ambient IoT device type / class / capability and / or by channel / session) that can communicate / inventory, and the Ambient IoT devices that receive the instruction / command may be required to transmit their IDs to UL according to the instruction / command (a type of proximity UE detection operation). Based on the measured / identified number of Ambient IoT devices, the base station / IN / AN / UE can perform RRM (Radio Resource Management) or MM (Mobility Management) operations for Ambient IoT communication.

[0421] [Example #3]

[0422] - Base station / IN / AN / UE selects one of the supported CW waveforms and transmits it to DL (CW-X)

[0423] - Base station / IN / AN / UE sends commands / instructions to DL to collect Ambient IoT device ID.

[0424] - Ambient IoT devices transmit their ID to UL according to instructions / commands.

[0425] - The base station / IN / AN / UE can change the CW (CW-Y) for subsequent CW transmissions based on the number of measured / identified Ambient IoT device IDs, or use the same CW (CW-X) but change the time / frequency / power resources. For example, the same CW (CW-X) can be transmitted but with adjusted power.

[0426] - An operation like Example #3 may be to support an operation of transmitting single-tone CW if the number of Ambient IoT devices is greater than a certain value (by Ambient IoT device type / class / capability and / or by channel / session and / or by paging / inventory process), and transmitting multi-tone CW if not, taking into account coverage, etc.

[0427]

[0428] How to set up / provide resources for measurement

[0429] The base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / indicate the DL signal / CW resource(s) for which the Ambient IoT device measures quality as a common resource, as a group-specific resource that is common within the group, or as a dedicated resource. Groups can be grouped, for example, by device type / class / capability and / or by channel / session.

[0430] When set as a common resource, that is, when common CW is transmitted, Ambient IoT devices can measure CW quality based on common CW, but can use dedicated UL resources when reporting. The gNB / IN / AN / UE can perform RRM (Radio Resource Management) or MM (Mobility Management) operations for Ambient IoT communication based on the reports of these devices. For example, the time / frequency / power resources of the common CW waveform can be controlled, or the waveform of the common CW can be selected / changed if multiple CW waveform types are supported. In this case, since common CW is set as a common resource, the worst case can be decided based on the worst value among the measured values ​​(e.g., lowest signal strength). Alternatively, if even one device reports bad (or signal strength below a specific value) and / or the number of devices reporting bad is more than X% (e.g., X=10), the power of the CW can be increased, or the CW waveform type can be changed to multi-tone.

[0431] When configured as a dedicated resource, i.e., when dedicated CW is transmitted, Ambient IoT devices can measure CW quality based on dedicated CW and use dedicated UL resources when reporting. Based on reports from these devices, the gNB / IN / AN / UE can control the time / frequency / power resources of the CW waveform, or select / change the waveform of the CW if multiple CW waveform types are supported. The base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct time / frequency transmission resources separately for each dedicated CW transmission resource for dedicated CW transmission. The base station / IN / AN / UE can individually control the dedicated CW based on measurements by Ambient IoT devices and / or the base station / IN / AN / UE using dedicated CW. That is, it can control the time / frequency / power resources of CW, or change the CW waveform type.

[0432] Alternatively, when setting by group, time / frequency transmission resources can be set / indicated for each group, thereby controlling CW time / frequency / power resources by group, for example, by device type / class / capability and / or by channel / session, or changing the CW waveform type.

[0433]

[0434] Ambient IoT device measurement / reporting trigger method

[0435] The measurement / reporting operation of the Ambient IoT device for the above RRM / MM may be a base station / IN / AN / UE triggered method in which the base station / IN / AN / UE triggers / instructs, or a device / event triggered method in which the Ambient IoT device itself triggers based on a specific condition (e.g., when the measured DL channel / signal strength is below a specific value). Alternatively, a periodic measurement / reporting method in which measurement / reporting is performed at a specific cycle is also possible.

[0436] For the above three methods, or only for the device / event trigger method and / or periodic measurement / reporting method, the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct the Ambient IoT device to configure / instruct the measurement / reporting possible time / resource. The Ambient IoT device that receives this configuration information can measure the corresponding time / resource (or the nearest CW time / resource thereafter) and report the result using the instructed UL transmission time / resource.

[0437] The measurement / reporting time determined in the above manner may conflict with the reception / transmission time of other DL / UL of the base station / IN / AN / UE and / or the Ambient IoT device which is the measurement / reporting subject. In this case, the Ambient IoT device may give priority to signal reception / transmission for measurement / reporting. For example, the Ambient IoT device may not expect other DL / UL reception / transmission at the measurement / reporting time. Or, the Ambient IoT device may give priority to DL / UL reception / transmission (not for measurement / reporting purposes) as instructed by the base station / IN / AN / UE. In this case, the Ambient IoT device may not be required to perform measurement / reporting at the measurement / reporting time / resource. In other words, the measurement / reporting at the corresponding time / resource may be skipped.

[0438]

[0439] [Description of the first device (base station / IN / AN / UE) claim]

[0440] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 6 in terms of the operation of the first device. The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for or combined with some components of another method, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0441] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0442] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0443] At step S610, the first device transmits a trigger signal related to the measurement of the quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) to the second device.

[0444] At step S620, the first device receives a measurement result for the quality of the first frequency of the singletone-based CW from the second device.

[0445] At step S630, the first device determines a second frequency of the single-tone based CW or determines a waveform change to multi-tone based CW based on the measurement result.

[0446] At step S640, the first device transmits to the second device an instruction to change the frequency of the single-tone based CW based on the second frequency or an instruction to change the waveform to the multi-tone based CW.

[0447]

[0448] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency selectivity of the singletone-based CW may be periodically transmitted to the second device.

[0449] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency change instruction may include a fixed frequency offset value F_gap for frequency change of the singletone-based CW based on the measurement result.

[0450] When the frequency of the single tone-based CW is changed from the first frequency f1 to the second frequency f2 based on the frequency change instruction, a final frequency offset value F_gap' obtained by subtracting (f2 - f1) from the fixed frequency offset value F_gap may be applied.

[0451] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiment of FIG. 6 may further include a step of transmitting a message related to maintenance of a backscatter frequency based on the final frequency offset value F_gap' to the second device.

[0452] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency quality may be based on each group of a plurality of second devices set into a plurality of groups. The plurality of groups may be grouped based on device type or device capability. The measurement may be related to a common resource for devices belonging to each group.

[0453] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiment of FIG. 6 may further include: transmitting, to each of the plurality of second devices including the second device, an instruction message for transmission of an uplink signal including identification information of each of the plurality of second devices; receiving, from each of the plurality of second devices, the uplink signal including the identification information; and transmitting, to each of the plurality of second devices, a signal related to radio resource management (RRM) or mobility management (MM) based on the uplink signal.

[0454] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the RRM or the MM may be based on the number of the plurality of second devices.

[0455]

[0456] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided in a wireless communication system. The first device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the operating method of the first device according to FIG. 6.

[0457]

[0458] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the first device according to FIG. 6 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0459]

[0460] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a first device according to FIG. 6.

[0461]

[0462] [Description of the second device (Ambient IoT device) claim]

[0463] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 7 in terms of the operation of a second device (Reader / interrogator or base station (BS)). The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for some components of another method, or may be applied in combination with each other, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0464] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0465] In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0466] At step S710, the second device receives a trigger signal related to the measurement of the quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) from the first device.

[0467] At step S720, the second device transmits the measurement result for the quality of the first frequency of the singletone-based CW to the first device.

[0468] At step S730, the second device receives an instruction to change the frequency of the single-tone based CW or an instruction to change the waveform to multi-tone based CW related to the second frequency based on the measurement result from the first device.

[0469]

[0470] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency selectivity of the singletone-based CW may be received periodically from the first device.

[0471] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency change instruction may include a fixed frequency offset value F_gap for changing the frequency of the singletone-based CW based on the measurement result. When the frequency of the singletone-based CW is changed from the first frequency f1 to the second frequency f2 based on the frequency change instruction, a final frequency offset value F_gap' obtained by subtracting (f2 - f1) from the fixed frequency offset value F_gap may be applied.

[0472] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiment of FIG. 7 may further include a step of receiving a message related to maintenance of a backscatter frequency based on the final frequency offset value F_gap' from the first device.

[0473] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency quality may be based on each group of a plurality of second devices set into a plurality of groups. The plurality of groups may be grouped based on device type or device capability. The measurement may be related to a common resource for devices belonging to each group.

[0474] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiment of FIG. 7 may further include: receiving an instruction message for transmission of an uplink signal including identification information of the second device from the first device in relation to the number of the plurality of second devices including the second device; receiving the uplink signal including the identification information from the first device; and receiving a signal related to radio resource management (RRM) or mobility management (MM) from the first device based on the uplink signal.

[0475] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the RRM or the MM may be based on the number of the plurality of second devices.

[0476]

[0477] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided in a wireless communication system. The second device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the second device according to FIG. 7.

[0478]

[0479] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the second device according to FIG. 7 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0480]

[0481] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more commands are provided. The one or more commands, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a second device according to FIG. 7.

[0482]

[0483] Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0484] Below, examples of wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied are described.

[0485] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0486] The first device (1600) may include a processor (1610), an antenna unit (1620), a transceiver (1630), and a memory (1640).

[0487] The processor (1610) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1611) and a physical layer processing unit (1615). The higher layer processing unit (1611) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1615) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the first device (1600) is a base station device in base station-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform uplink reception signal processing, downlink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the first device (1600) is a first terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink transmission signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1610) may also control the overall operation of the first device (1600).

[0488] The antenna unit (1620) may include one or more physical antennas, and when it includes multiple antennas, it may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1630) may include an RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1640) may store information processed by the processor (1610), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the first device (1600), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0489] The processor (1610) of the first device (1600) may be configured to implement the operation of the base station in the base station-to-terminal communication (or the operation of the first terminal device in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0490]

[0491] The second device (1650) may include a processor (1660), an antenna unit (1670), a transceiver (1680), and a memory (1690).

[0492] The processor (1660) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1661) and a physical layer processing unit (1665). The higher layer processing unit (1661) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1665) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the second device (1650) is a terminal device in base station-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the second device (1650) is a second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink reception signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1660) may also control the overall operation of the second device (1660).

[0493] The antenna unit (1670) may include one or more physical antennas, and when including multiple antennas, may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1680) may include an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1690) may store information processed by the processor (1660), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the second device (1650), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0494] The processor (1660) of the second device (1650) may be configured to implement operations of the terminal in base station-to-terminal communication (or operations of the second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0495] In the operation of the first device (1600) and the second device (1650), the same explanations given for the base station and the terminal (or the first terminal and the second terminal in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the examples of the present disclosure may be applied, and any duplicate explanations are omitted.

[0496]

[0497] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (1600, 1650) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G as well as various other wireless communication technologies.

[0498]

[0499] The claims described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a first device, A step of transmitting a trigger signal related to the measurement of the quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) to a second device; A step of receiving a measurement result for the quality of the first frequency of the singletone-based CW from the second device; A step of determining a second frequency of the single-tone based CW or determining a waveform change to a multi-tone based CW based on the measurement result; A step of transmitting to the second device an instruction to change the frequency of the single-tone based CW based on the second frequency or an instruction to change the waveform to the multi-tone based CW, method.

2. In paragraph 1, The trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency selectivity of the single tone based CW is transmitted periodically to the second device. method.

3. In paragraph 1, The above frequency change instruction includes a fixed frequency offset value F_gap for frequency change of the single tone-based CW based on the measurement result, When the frequency of the single tone-based CW changes from the first frequency f1 to the second frequency f2 based on the frequency change instruction, the final frequency offset value F_gap' obtained by subtracting (f2 - f1) from the fixed frequency offset value F_gap is applied. method.

4. In paragraph 3, Further comprising the step of transmitting a message related to the maintenance of the backscatter frequency based on the final frequency offset value F_gap' to the second device. method.

5. In paragraph 1, The trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency quality is based on each group for a plurality of second devices set into a plurality of groups, The above multiple groups are grouped based on device type or device capability, The above measurements relate to common resources for devices belonging to each group. method.

6. In paragraph 5, A step of transmitting an instruction message for transmission of an uplink signal including identification information of each of the plurality of second devices to each of the plurality of second devices in relation to the number of the plurality of second devices including the second device; A step of receiving the uplink signal including the identification information from each of the plurality of second devices; Further comprising a step of transmitting a signal related to RRM (radio resource management) or MM (mobility management) based on the uplink signal to each of the plurality of second devices. method.

7. In paragraph 6, The RRM or the MM is based on the number of the plurality of second devices. method.

8. In a method performed by a second device, A step of receiving a trigger signal related to the measurement of the quality of a first frequency of a single-tone based carrier wave (CW) from a first device; A step of transmitting a measurement result for the quality of the first frequency of the singletone-based CW to the first device; A step of receiving a frequency change instruction of the single-tone based CW or a waveform change instruction to multi-tone based CW related to the second frequency based on the measurement result from the first device, method.

9. In paragraph 8, The trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency selectivity of the single tone based CW is periodically received from the first device. method.

10. In paragraph 8, The above frequency change instruction includes a fixed frequency offset value F_gap for frequency change of the single tone-based CW based on the measurement result, When the frequency of the single tone-based CW changes from the first frequency f1 to the second frequency f2 based on the frequency change instruction, the final frequency offset value F_gap' obtained by subtracting (f2 - f1) from the fixed frequency offset value F_gap is applied. method.

11. In paragraph 10, Further comprising the step of receiving a message related to maintaining a backscatter frequency based on the final frequency offset value F_gap' from the first device. method.

12. In paragraph 8, The trigger signal related to the measurement of the frequency quality is based on each group for a plurality of second devices set into a plurality of groups, The above multiple groups are grouped based on device type or device capability, The above measurements relate to common resources for devices belonging to each group. method.

13. In paragraph 12, A step of receiving an instruction message for transmission of an uplink signal including identification information of the second device from the first device in relation to the number of the plurality of second devices including the second device; A step of receiving the uplink signal including the identification information from the first device; Further comprising a step of receiving a signal related to radio resource management (RRM) or mobility management (MM) from the first device based on the uplink signal. method.

14. In paragraph 13, The RRM or the MM is based on the number of the plurality of second devices. method.

15. In the first device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, First device.

16. In the second device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Second device.

17. In a control device that controls the first device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, controller.

18. In a control device that controls a second device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, controller.

19. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Computer readable medium.

20. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Computer readable medium.

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