Coordination of sensing and communication services in integrated sensing and communication network
The ISAC network system addresses interference between communication and sensing signals by adjusting communication signal transmission based on interference monitoring, ensuring both sensing and communication quality through power and resource management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077633
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
In Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) networks, communication signals emitted by radio access network nodes and user equipment interfere with the ability of these nodes to detect sensing signals, leading to suboptimal sensing performance due to high interference levels.
A system is implemented where devices in the ISAC network monitor interference-related requirements for sensing signals and adjust communication signal transmission based on these requirements, using methods such as power adjustment, time/frequency resource partitioning, and spatial separation to maintain optimal sensing and communication quality.
This approach ensures that sensing quality is maintained within acceptable limits while ensuring communication quality, optimizing resource utilization and preventing interference-related degradation of sensing performance.
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Figure CN2024077633_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COORDINATION OF SENSING AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES IN INTEGRATED SENSING AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to coordination of sensing and communication services in an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network.BACKGROUND
[0002] Mobile networks (e.g., cellular networks) that are capable of Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) are being developed. A mobile network that is capable of JCAS is generally referred to as Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) network. An ISAC network makes use of communication resources (e.g., spectrum) and infrastructure (e.g., hardware) to provide sensing and communication services. Specifically, a radio access network node (e.g., a BS) and / or a UE of ISAC network can be configured for sensing and communications.
[0003] An issue that arises when an ISAC network includes RAN nodes and / or UEs configured for sensing and communication is that communication signals emitting by RAN nodes and / or UEs that are communicating with each other may interfere with the ability of a RAN node and / or UE to detect sensing signals.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for coordination of sensing and communication services in an ISAC network.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a device configured for sensing and communication. The device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform at least to: obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; determining whether a quality of a received sensing signal meets the interference-related requirement; and based on determining that quality of the received sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device configured to transmit and / or receive communication signals, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals.
[0006] In some examples of the first aspect, the device may be a radio access network node or a terminal device. In some examples of the first aspect, the device may be configured to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive sensing signals. In some examples of the first aspect, the device may be configured as both a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., as a monostatic sensing device) that is configured to both transmit and receive sensing signals.
[0007] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device may comprise at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to perform at least: transmitting communication signals; receiving, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; and based on receipt of the request, adjusting the transmission of the communication signals.
[0008] In a third aspect, there is provided a server. The server may comprise at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions of a sensing function, wherein when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the server is caused to perform at least: selecting a first device and a second device for a sensing service, configuring the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit sensing signals and configuring the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signals; determining an interference-related requirement for the sensing signals based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; and transmitting, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a device configured for sensing and communication, the method comprises: obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; and based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.
[0010] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device. In the method, the terminal device transmits communication signals and receives, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals. Then, the terminal device adjusts, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signals.
[0011] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a sensing function. In the method, the sensing function selects a first device and a second device for a sensing service. The sensing function configures the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and configures the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal. Then, the sensing function determines an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; and transmits, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.
[0012] In a seventh aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; and means for based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.
[0013] In an eighth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for transmitting communication signals; means for receiving, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; and means for adjusting, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signal.
[0014] In a ninth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for selecting a first device and a second device for a sensing service. The apparatus configures the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal; means for determining an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; and means for transmitting, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.
[0015] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect to the sixth aspect.
[0016] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a device configured for sensing and communication. The device comprises circuitry configured to: obtain information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; and transmit to a terminal device, based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, , a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.
[0017] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: transmit a communication signal; a receive, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; and adjust, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signal.
[0018] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a server. The server comprises: a circuitry configured to: select a first device and a second device for a sensing service, configure the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal; determine an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service and transmit, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.
[0019] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0021] Fig. 1a illustrates an example network in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0022] Fig. 1b illustrates another example network in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0023] Fig. 1c illustrates a further example network in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0024] Fig. 2 illustrates an example process for coordination of sensing and communication services in the ISAC network according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 3 illustrates another example process for sensing-communication interference coordination according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] Fig. 4 illustrates an example flowchart of a method performed by a sensing receiver according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] Fig. 5 illustrates an example flowchart of a method performed by a terminal device according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] Fig. 6 illustrates an example flowchart of a method performed by a server device according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] Fig. 7 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0030] Fig. 8 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0033] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.
[0034] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0035] It may be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0036] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0037] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0038] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0039] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0040] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0041] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0042] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0043] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term circuity in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for a terminal device or a processor for a terminal device or a processor or similar integrated circuit in a server, a network device, or other computing device.
[0044] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network that operates in accordance with any suitable communication standards, , such as those set forth by 3GPP or ETSI. Furthermore, communications between and among a terminal device, an access network, and a core network may be performed according to any suitable protocols described in communication standards, including, but not limited to, communication standards for the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5G-A, and / or beyond communication standards. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication networks. Given the rapid development in communication networks, there will of course also be future type communication networks within which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned communication networks.
[0045] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a device for controlling an access node in an access network of a communication network via which a terminal device accesses a core network and receives services therefrom. The network device may control a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0046] The term “terminal device” refers to any communication device that is capable of wireless communication, including radio communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a subscriber station (SS) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably. Without any limitation, the terminal device may also comprise a sniffer or a sensing sounder.
[0047] The terms “Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) ” and “Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) ” used herein can be used interchangeably without any limitation. Generally, a radio access network node or a terminal device may be configured to be a sensing device (e.g., a sensing radar in a JCAS system. A sensing device (e.g., sensing radar) may be configured to perform monostatic sensing (e.g., the sensing device may be configured to be both a sensing transmitter and sensing receiver) , or configured to perform bistatic sensing (e.g., the sensing device is configured as a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver) .
[0048] Coordination between a communication service and sensing service provided by an ISAC network is required in order to limit interference between sensing signals and communication signals. When an ISAC network provides both sensing and communication services, a radio access network node or a terminal device of the ISAC network may be configured to perform both sensing and communication and may transmit and / or receive both communication signals and sensing signals. A radio access network node or terminal device, when configured to perform both sensing and communications, receives both communication signals sent by terminals and / or other radio access network nodes and sensing signals that are reflected or refracted from objects located in an environment of the radio access network node or terminal device. A radio access network node or terminal device that is configured for both receiving sensing signals and for receiving communication signals is generally referred to as a sensing receiver. Sensing signals that are reflected or refracted from objects are generally referred to as sensing echo signals. Since sensing signals (e.g., the sensing echo signals) can be processed using coherent accumulation, pulse compression or other methodologies, a sensing signals (e.g., the sensing echo signals) can have low signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) . Therefore, in some situations, communication signals and sensing signals may be received on the same radio resources (for example, the same resource blocks) to enhance the radio resource utilization efficiency, however, the sensing signals are received should be transmitted with low power so as to not interfere with the communication signals in these situations. If the power or energy of the communication signals or other interference signals is significantly greater than the power or energy of the sensing signals (e.g., sensing echo signals) , the sensing signals (e.g., the sensing echo signals) cannot be processed to obtain a desired quality of service for a sensing service. In some example embodiments of this disclosure, without any limitation, the other interference signals may include other sensing echo signals that are reflected from objects other than the target object.
[0049] For example, when a radio access node or a terminal device is configured as a sensing receiver which performs bistatic sensing (as shown in Fig. 1c) and another terminal device is located in the vicinity of the radio access node or a terminal device and communicating (e.g., transmitting and / or receiving communication signals) with another radio access network node, a challenge arises due to the fact that the power of the communication signals transmitted by the terminal device may be substantially greater than the power of a sensing signal (e.g. a sensing echo signal) , as the sensing echo signal experiences passive object reflection. In this case, with respect to the communication signals, the interference still remains low due to that the power of communication signal is substantially greater than the power of the sensing echo signal, especially in scenarios where the sensed target have a small radar cross section (RCS) . However, with respect to the sensing signals, the interference becomes relatively significant when sensing and communication share the same Resource Elements (REs) . Under such circumstances, the quality of sensing in the ISAC network cannot be guaranteed.
[0050] In view of the above and in order to improve the performance of an integrated communication and sensing system, a solution for service coordination in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system is provided. In some example embodiments of this disclosure, in the ISAC system, the devices may perform communication and sensing procedure using the same radio resources. Therefore, the coordination between the communication and sensing procedure may be required for some situations. In this scheme, a sensing receiver obtains information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals. Then, the sensing receiver determines whether a quality of a received sensing signal meets the interference-related requirement. Based on determining that the interference-related requirement is not met, the sensing receiver further transmits to a user equipment transmitting communication signals, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals or a request to refrain from transmitting the communication signals.
[0051] In this way, the interference affecting sensing echo signals of a target object remains within acceptable limits to maintain the desired QoS for the sensing service, while simultaneously ensuring a sufficient QoS for the communication service. In this disclosure, the communication service transmission and receipt of information between a terminal device and an application server hosting an application function via the ISAC network. The sensing service request may be information about a target object or information about an area to be sensed.
[0052] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1a illustrates an example ISAC network 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0053] As illustrated in Fig. 1a, the ISAC network 100 include a radio access network node 110 configured for sensing and communication, a terminal device 120, a server 130, another access network node 140 configured for sensing and communication. Fig. 1a also shows a target (or object) 150 located in the ISAC network. In the example of ISAC network 100, the two radio access network nodes 110 and 140 are configured to perform bistatic sensing, where one of two radio access network nodes once configured for bistatic sensing is a sensing transmitter (or referred to be as the first device) , and the other radio access network node of the two radio access network nodes (or referred to be as the second device) , once configured for bistatic sensing, is a sensing receiver. That is, gNBs may be configured to be a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver. Only for discussion purposes, the radio access network node 140 is the sensing transmitter which may be also referred to as the (first) device 140, and the radio access network node 110 is the sensing receiver which may be also referred to as the (second) device 110. In an example as shown in Fig. 1a, the device 110 and the device 140 and may be a access point rather than radio access network nodes, such as gNBs. That is, a WiFi access point may be configured to be a sensing receiver and / or a sensing transmitter in a similar manner as a RAN node.
[0054] Without any limitation, the device 110 and the device 140 may be any other devices having wireless communication capability. In some embodiments, the server 130 comprises a sensing management function (SF) (otherwise referred to herein as a sensing function or sensing management entity (SME) that may be configured to provide a sensing service to sensing clients, for example, by selecting radio access network nodes and / or terminal devices to be involved in (e.g., to participate in) providing the sensing service and configuring the selected radio access network nodes and / or terminal device to perform monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing. In some embodiments, a core network (CN) of the ISAC network may comprise the server 130 that hosts or comprises the sensing management function (SeMF) .
[0055] Although the sensing management function is shown as being comprised or hosted in the server 130, without any limitation, the sensing management function may be comprised or hosted in the device 110 or the sensing transmitter 140. In other words, the device 110 and / or the sensing transmitter 140 may comprise the sensing management function.
[0056] Generally, in bistatic sensing, the device 140 may transmit sensing signals for sensing the sensing target 150. In turn, the device 110 may receive the sensing echo signal reflected by the sensing target 150 for positioning or measuring the target. Meanwhile, the terminal device 120 may transmit communication signals to the device 110 which may be a radio access network node (e.g., a gNB) , and the communication signals and the sensing signals may be received in the same radio resources or adjacent radio resources, as the communication signals. Then, the sensing signal may interfere with the communication signals.
[0057] Without any limitation, the device 110, the terminal device 120 and the server 130 may be any other devices having the similar sensing requirements or functionalities. It is to be understood that the number of devices in Fig. 1a is given only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The ISAC network 100 may include any suitable number of radio access network nodes or access points and / or terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more terminal devices may be communicating with the ISAC network 100 (e.g., communicating with radio access network nodes of the ISAC network) .
[0058] Communications between terminal devices and radio access network nodes in the ISAC network 100 may be in accordance with communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, communication protocol (s) for the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , 5G-Advanced or beyond (6G) , radio access technologies, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any suitable wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) , time division multiplexing (TDM) , frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , code division multiplexing (CDM) , Bluetooth, ZigBee, and machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communication (mMTC) , ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , carrier aggregation (CA) , dual connectivity (DC) , and new radio unlicensed (NR-U) technologies.
[0059] Fig. 1b shows a radio access network node (illustrated as gNB#1) that is configured to perform monostatic sensing (e.g., a radio access network node that is configured to be both a sensing transmitter and sensing receiver) . That is, the radio access network node (e.g., gNB #1) is configured to be the device 140 and the device 110 shown in Fig. 1a. Furthermore, the object shown in Fig. 1b is similar to the target 150 shown in Fig. 1a.
[0060] Fig. 1c shows two radio access network nodes configured to perform bistatic sensing. That is, a first radio access network node (illustrated as gNB #1) is configured to be a sensing transmitter (e.g., device 140) , and a second radio access network node (illustrate as gNB#2) is configured to be a sensing receiver (e.g., device 110 shown in Fig. 1a) . Furthermore, the object shown in Fig. 1c is similar to the target 150 shown in Fig. 1a.
[0061] Although the definition of the ISAC or JCAS has been proposed, the communication and sensing fusion ISAC or JCAS networks is still in their early stages of development. Specifically, research on 5G-Advanced (5G-A) technology, has focused on the air interface between terminal devices and radio access network nodes that are configured for both sensing and communication for ISAC and JCAS networks. As shown in Figs. 1b and 1c described above, processing of sensing signals received by radio access network nodes configured to be sensing receivers is mainly performed by such sensing receivers. Furthermore, intelligent transportation, UAV detection, and supervision, are typical use cases for ISAC or JCAS networks. For these use cases, -configuring radio access network nodes for sensing proves is highly suitable. Monostatic sensing appears to be applicable only when a radio access network node has the capability of full-duplex communication. Consequently, configuring a radio access network node for bistatic sensing emerges as a favorable choice for the use cases mentioned above.
[0062] Fig. 2 illustrates a process 200 for coordination of sensing and communication services in the ISAC network according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussions, the process 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1a to Fig. 1c. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 has been described with respect to the ISAC network 100 of Fig. 1a, this process 200 may be likewise applied to other ISAC networks.
[0063] In the process 200, the server 130 comprising or hosting the sensing management function selects (201) a first device 140 and a second device 110 configured for sensing and communication to perform a sensing service. Moreover, the server 130 configures the first device 140 to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal, and configures the second device 110 to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal.
[0064] In some embodiments, the selection of the first device 140 and the second device 110 is based on a request for a sensing service. For example, the server 130 may receive a request for a sensing service. In response to the request, the server 130 may determine whether a monostatic mode, a bistatic mode, or multi-static mode will be provided for the requested sensing service. Then, the server 130 selects the network nodes (for example, the first device 110 and / or the second device 120) and / or terminal devices based on the type of sensing to be performed. In the example of bistatic mode or multi-static mode, the selected first device 140 and the second device 110 may be different network entities, as shown by Fig 1a. Alternatively, if the server 130 selects monostatic mode, the first device 140 and the second device 110 may be the same network entity (or a respective part of the same network entity) that can transmit and receive sensing signals in full-duplex mode. In this case, the sensing receiver discussed in this disclosure may be the sensing device with sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver. In this disclosure, to discussion simplicity, the second device 110 may be also referred to as the device 110.
[0065] After determining the working mode, the server 130 may further send a sensing configuration to the selected devices. In an example, the sensing configuration may indicate at least one of: the sensing mode to be performed, the radio resources for the sensing signals, the target area where the sensed target may be located in, and so on. Without any limitation, the server 130 may also select other entities, for example, selecting other user equipment as the sensing receiver or sensing transmitter. In some embodiments, the server 130 may be configured with a sensing management function (SF) .
[0066] Still referring to Fig. 2, the server 130 (or the sensing management function 130) further determines (210) an interference related requirement for sensing signals. Regarding the interference related requirement, generally, if the sensing signal detected or received at a sensing receiver (i.e., the second device 140) meets (or satisfies) the interference related requirement, the sensing quality can be ensured. Otherwise, the sensing quality cannot be ensured, for example the quality of service (QoS) or performance of the sensing service cannot be met. In some embodiments, the interference related requirement may comprise a metric threshold representing a quality of a signal, for example, a signal quality threshold. Without any limitation, in an example, the signal quality threshold may be a threshold of Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of the received sensing signal, which may be also referred to as “Sensing specific Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SSINR) ” in the sensing service. Alternatively, the interference related requirement may be any other metric threshold representing a quality of receiving the sensing signal, for example, the received power, received energy of the sensing signal and so on.
[0067] In some embodiments, the interference related requirement has a notable impact on the QoS requirements of the sensing service provided by the sensing management function, influencing both the range and accuracy of sensing by a radio access network node and / or terminal device configured to be a sensing receiver. The interference related requirement can be established based on either based on previous sensing QoS evaluations or through analysis of prior sensing measurements. Because the sensing management function receives a sensing request, that includes a QoS for a sensing service provided by the sensing management function or KPI requirements for a sensing service provided by the sensing management function, the sensing management function possesses the capability to reverse-engineer or calculate a necessary SSINR. This essentially involves quantifying a confidence level into a SSINR, thereby approximating the SSINR that is required to meet the QoS or KPI requirements for the sensing service provided by the sensing management function.
[0068] The device 110 then obtains (220) the information indicating the interference related requirement. In some embodiments, the sensing management function is comprised in or hosted on the device 110. In these embodiments, the device 110 may directly obtain the information indicating the interference related requirement by utilizing the sensing management function configured in the device 110 itself. Alternatively, the sensing management function may be comprised in or hosted on a separate device, for example, the server 130. In these embodiments, the server 130 (e.g., the sensing management function) may transmit (212) the information 215 indicating the interference-related requirement to the device 110. The device 110 may receive (218) the information 215 accordingly. Alternatively, the sensing management function may be also comprised in or hosted on the sensing transmitter 140. In these embodiments, the server 130 may also receive the information 215 from the sensing transmitter 140 (for example, the first device 140) .
[0069] During a sensing operation, the device 110 may receive (225) both the communication signals 227 (for example, transmitted by the terminal device 120 or other terminal devices or radio access network nodes) and the sensing signals 229. In this case, the sensing signals 229 may be interfered with by the communication signals or other signals, since the communication signals and the sensing signals may be scheduled in the same radio resources or adjacent radio resources, as mentioned above. In some embodiments as mentioned above, the other interference signals may be the other sensing echo signals that are reflected from the objects other than the target object. With the information indicating the interference-related requirement, the device 110 determines (230) whether a quality of the receiving sensing signal (227) meets the interference related requirement.
[0070] For example, the interference-related requirement may comprise the signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the sensing signals. In this case, the device 110 may determine whether the quality of the sensing signal 227 that is received or detected is above or equal to the signal quality threshold. In some embodiments, the device 110 may determine the quality of the sensing signal that is received or detected based on measurements of the received sensing signal 227 and the communication signal 229. If the determined quality of the sensing signal is below the signal quality threshold, the device 110 may determine that the interference-related requirement is not met. Otherwise, the device 110 may determine that the interference-related requirement is met. As mentioned above, the signal quality threshold may be an SSINR threshold. In this case, the device 110 may calculate the actual SSINR of the receiving sensing signal 217 at least based on the received power of the sensing signal and the received power of the communication signal. Then, if the actual SSINR is above or equal to the SSNIR threshold, the device 110 may determine that the interference-related requirement is met. Otherwise, the device 110 may determine that the interference-related requirement is not met.
[0071] Once determining that the quality of the sensing signal that is received or detected does not meet the interference-related requirement, the device 110 may determine that the sensing signal is interfered with. In some embodiments, the device 110 may further determine 225 that the sensing signal is interfered with (e.g., communication signals are interfering with the sensing signals) at least based on a power of the communication signals. For example, if the power of the communication signals is above a power threshold for communication signals, the device 110 may determine (230) that the sensing signal is interfered with (e.g. the communication signals are interfering with the sensing signals) . Alternatively, if the SINR of the sensing signal which is measured using the sensing signal and the communication signals is below or equal to the signal quality threshold, the device 110 may determine the sensing signal is interfered with (e.g., communication signals are interfering with the sensing signals) . Without any limitation, the device 110 may determine the received sensing signal is interference by the communication signals using any other manners.
[0072] Then, the device 110 may further determine an interference avoidance solution. In some embodiments, the device 110 may determine that the terminal device 120 can reduce its transmitting power for the communication signal. In this case, the device 110 may request the terminal device 120 to adjust its transmission power. In some embodiments, the adjusted power value of the transmission of the terminal device 120 may be determined based on a difference between the quality of the sensing signal that is detected or received and the above signal quality threshold. In this disclosure, without any limitation, the above transmitting power may refer to the power used by the terminal device to transmit radio signals for communication.
[0073] In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may determine that the terminal device 120 can adjust its transmission pattern (for example, time division duplex, TDD, or frequency division duplex, FDD and so on) or refrain from transmission in a certain duration directly. For example, in the situations where the required sensing signal quality cannot be attained through the adjustment of UE signal allocation power, or if achieving these objectives breaks communication QoS, coexistence on the same frequency and time might not be viable. The device 110 may determine at least one of the following alternatives. In some embodiments, the device 110 may determine a TDD pattern, in which: dividing the available time resources between conflicting entities, ensuring reduced interference and improved coexistence. In this case, the device 110 may determine resource scheduling so as to avoid using the same resources for comm. and sensing.
[0074] In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may determine a FDD pattern, in which: partitioning the frequency spectrum to enable multiple entities to operate simultaneously without significant interference. In this case, the device 110 may determine resource scheduling so as to avoid using the same resources for communication and sensing.
[0075] In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may determine an enhanced spatial separation, in which: employing more precise beamforming techniques to attain spatial separation, thereby enhancing coexistence possibilities. In this case, the device 110 may further schedule different Rx beams for sensing and communication.
[0076] In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may schedule radio resources for only a subset of served terminal devices to adjust their transmissions, since the receiving power of the communication signal is highly dependent on the position of UEs, distant UEs exhibit lower power, resulting in reduced interference. Conversely, near UEs may experience higher interference. The device 110 can selectively choose specific UEs based on their locations to ensure interference levels remain within adaptable limits. In this case, the device 110 may determine different resource scheduling based on UE IDs. In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may schedule the subset of served terminal devices by randomly selecting terminal devices from the served terminal devices. For example, the device 110 may use a random or probabilistic approach to select the terminal devices for the subset of served terminal devices. In this way, the probability of collision on the same radio resources between the sensing signal and communication signal can be reduced. In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may schedule a subset of UEs with relatively lower power to adjust the transmission of communication signals.
[0077] In addition or alternatively, the device 110 may also determine to schedule the severed terminal device (for example, the terminal device 120) to refrain from transmitting the communication signal in a certain time period.
[0078] Still referring to Fig. 2, after determining that quality of the sensing signal cannot fulfill the interference-related threshold (and optional further determining that the sensing signal is interfered with the communication signals) and further determining an interference avoidance solution, the device 110 transmits (240) , to the terminal device 120, a request 245 to adjust a transmission of the communication signals, in order to reduce inference between receiving signal signals and communications to improve the sensing by the receiver.. In some embodiments, the adjustment of the transmission may include one or more of: an adjustment of the transmitting power, an adjustment of transmission pattern, a schedule of a subset of served terminal device, and refraining from transmitting communication signals by the terminal device. That is, based on the above determined solution of avoiding the interference, the request 245 may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a second indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.
[0079] In turn, the terminal device 120 receives (250) the request 245 accordingly. Then, the terminal device 120 may adjust (260) the transmission or refrain (260) from transmitting the communications based on the request 245. For example, the terminal device 120 may reduce the transmission power based on the first indication; adjust the TDD, FDD or spatial pattern based on the second or third indication; and / or refrain from the transmission of the communication signals based on the fourth indication.
[0080] Furthermore, the request 245 may also include time information that indicates one or more time parameters comprising a duration for the sensing service by the device 110. In this case, the terminal device 120 may be aware the duration or time length for the sensing service, and once the duration or time length expired, the terminal device 120 may recover its transmission state.
[0081] In view of the above, the embodiments of this disclosure are designed to reinstate the necessary sensing signal quality without excessively compromising communication performance. It offers the benefits of optimizing time and frequency efficiency by allowing the continued sharing RBs for both sensing and communication. This approach becomes advantageous when the interference affecting sensing remains within acceptable limits to maintain the desired sensing QoS, while simultaneously ensuring communication QoS standards. In scenarios where power adjustments to UE transmission fail to enable either the sensing or communication function independently, to prevent communication UEs from reusing the sensing-specific RB, potential solutions such as time division, frequency division, or advanced spatial division techniques can be further considered.
[0082] Only for discussion clarity without any limitation, the embodiments of this disclosure are further discussed with another exemplary signaling procedure. Fig. 3 illustrates another example signaling process 300 for sensing-communication interference coordination according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0083] As shown in Fig. 3, the signaling process 300 involves three major apparatus, which are outlined as following.
[0084] Sensing management function (SF) can be a function of Sensing Management Function (SeMF) entity, which is responsible for at least one of: sensing service authorization involved in UE, area, environment privacy checks; sensing method selection, selection and configuration of sensing nodes (e.g., sensing transmitter, sensing receiver) ; measurement data collection, processing and sending sensing result / output. In some embodiments, the sensing management function can be located at a network node (e.g., the LMF, AMF or SeMF) or terminal device.
[0085] In addition, the sensing receiving gNB (i.e., the sensing receiver 130) is defined as a base station in a 5G NR system, can function as a receiving (Rx) node for both communication and sensing service. The UE 120 is defined as a terminal device (e.g. CPE / UE) in a 5G NR system that can communicate with gNB. Moreover, the sensing receive 110 may be an example of the device 110, the user equipment 120 may be an example of the terminal device 120 and the sensing management function 130 may be an example of the server 130.
[0086] In the embodiments of Fig. 3, a typical embodiment for a gNB1-gNB2 bistatic sensing is introduced, the gNB2 is listed in the flowchart as the sensing receiving gNB. There is another transmitting gNB for enabling sensing RS transmission.
[0087] At 310, when a sensing service request is received, the sensing management function 130 undertakes the task of determining the working mode. In the case that gNB bistatic working mode is selected it will further determine the sensing Tx gNB and sensing Rx gNB. Furthermore, the necessary sensing interference threshold should be determined. This threshold holds a significant relationship with the Sensing specific Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SSINR) specific to sensing services. This SSINR factor has a notable impact on the QoS requirements of the sensing operation, influencing both its coverage range and accuracy. The value of this interference threshold can be established based on either experiential insight gleaned from previous sensing QoS evaluations or through analysis of prior measurement data. Since the sensing management function is presented with the sensing request, complete with specified QoS or KPI requirements, it possesses the capability to reverse-engineer or calculate the necessary SSINR. This essentially involves quantifying the confidence level into SSINR terms, thereby approximating the SSINR that is requisite to fulfill the given sensing service demands.
[0088] At 320, the sensing management 130 may communicate a specific interference- related requirement tailored for sensing operations. In some embodiments, the sensing management 130 sends a request to the sensing receiver 130 so that it shall ensure the sensing performance when the communication and sensing share the same resources. In the request, some metrics can be included to ensure the sensing service (e.g., the SSINR shall not be less than a given threshold) .
[0089] At 330, the sensing receiver 110 may receive the sensing echo signal reflected from the sensed target, and receives the communication UE UL signal with communication data. Then, at 340, The sensing receiver 110 may evaluate the received sensing signal quality (e.g. RSRP, RSRQ, SINR) under the impact of the same frequency, considering the influence of concurrent communication signal interference operating on the same frequency and at the same time. The result is then compared with the indicated criteria (e.g. SSINR) .
[0090] At 350, the sensing receiver 110 may determine an interference avoidance solution, which can be categorized into three potential approaches. The first approach is the adjustment of UE Signal Allocation Power. This approach entails achieving the desired SSINR or sensing service quality by modifying the allocation power of the UE. Simultaneously, even if reducing the transmission power from the UE's end can also maintain the communication QoS, such as SINR. Subsequently, the Rx gNB computes the necessary reduction value in UE transmission gain. This reduction aligns with the discrepancy between the SF indicated SSINR criterion and the current SSINR.
[0091] The second approach is that in the situations where the required SSINR or sensing service quality cannot be attained through the adjustment of UE signal allocation power, or if achieving these objectives breaks communication QoS, coexistence on the same frequency and time might not be viable. In such cases, potential solutions include:
[0092] Time Division: dividing the available time resources between conflicting entities, ensuring reduced interference and improved coexistence. In this case, gNB would determine resource scheduling so as to avoid using the same resources for comm. and sensing.
[0093] Frequency Division: partitioning the frequency spectrum to enable multiple entities to operate simultaneously without significant interference. In this case, gNB would determine resource scheduling so as to avoid using the same resources for comm. and sensing.
[0094] Enhanced Spatial Separation: employing more precise beamforming techniques to attain spatial separation, thereby enhancing coexistence possibilities. In this case, the gNB further schedule different Rx beams for sensing and communication.
[0095] The third approach is that scheduling only a subset of serving UEs: Since the receiving power of the communication signal is highly dependent on the position of UEs, distant UEs exhibit lower power, resulting in reduced interference. Conversely, near UEs may experience higher interference. The gNB can selectively choose specific UEs based on their locations to ensure interference levels remain within adaptable limits. In this case, gNB would determine different resource scheduling based on UE IDs.
[0096] At 360, the sensing receiver 110 may initiate UE actions to mitigate SSINR with an associated event based on the determination in step 350. In some embodiments, the UE actions may include the adjustment of UE Signal Allocation Power: A power adjustment event involving a specified reduction in power. In addition or alternatively, the sensing receiver 110 may send a message alerting the UE 120 to refrain from utilizing sensing-specific Resource Blocks (RBs) and instead transition to the subsequent or an alternate RB for transmission. In some embodiments, this message may only target a part of UEs based on their locations.
[0097] As discussed above, a novel method aimed at mitigating communication interference in the context of sensing is introduced, particularly from uplink communications from a terminal device (e.g., UE) . This method ensures a QoS for a sensing service QoS provided by a sensing management function. The method at least includes: a radio access network node configured to be a sensing receiver (e.g., a Rx gNB) by a sensing management function concurrently receiving both a sensing echo signal and a communication signal emitted by the terminal device (e.g., UE) , sent on the same frequency simultaneously. The sensing management function predetermines a SSINR threshold tailored to the specific sensing service or computes the required interference-related threshold (e.g., SSINR) based on prior measurements or sensing-specific KPIs and / or QoS criteria. This SSINR threshold then may be conveyed to the sensing receiver (i.e., the radio access network node that is configured to be a sensing receiver) for evaluating the quality of received sensing echo signal.
[0098] Subsequently, the sensing receiver assesses the quality of the sensing signal (e.g., SSINR) when the sensing signal is interfered with communication signals sent by the terminal device (e.g., UE) . If the quality of the sensing signal fails to meet a required QoS or KPI, the sensing receiver (e.g. a radio access (gNB) configured to be a sensing receiver) determines an optimal course of action to reduce interference originating from the terminal device’s (e.g., UE's ) communication. One plausible solution involves the sensing receiver instructing the terminal device (e.g., UE) to reduce its transmission power when transmitting communication signals or refrain from transmitting communication signals within certain designated sensing-specific Resource Blocks (RBs) . Alternatively, the sensing receiver may schedule some of these UEs based on their locations.
[0099] The example embodiments of this disclosure at least lies in the fact that the sensing receiver requires knowledge of the sensing requirements (e.g., SSINR) from the sensing management function. This knowledge is necessary as the sensing receiver receives both communication signals and sensing signals simultaneously. Unlike before, where only the transmitting gNB needed sensing QoS information for purposes like Reference Signal (RS) configuration, now the sensing receiver also plays a role. Another significant element is that the sensing receiver communicates to the UE about power adjustments or the need to avoid emitting signals in the sensing-specific RBs.
[0100] Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method 400 performed by a device configured for sensing and communication (for example, the device 110) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the device 110 with reference to Fig. 1a.
[0101] At 410, the device 110 obtains information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals. At 420, based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, the device 110 transmits, to a terminal device configured to transmit and / or receive communication signals, a request to adjust transmission of communication signals.
[0102] In some embodiments, the adjusting the transmission comprises: adjusting a transmission power of the communication signals and / or refraining from the transmission of the communication signals.
[0103] In some embodiments, the obtaining the information comprises: sending a request for the interference-related requirement to a sensing management function; and receiving the information from a sensing management function.
[0104] In some embodiments, the information comprises a signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the receiving sensing signals, and determining whether a quality of a received sensing signal meets the interference-related requirement comprises: determining whether the quality of the receiving sensing signal is above or equal to the signal quality threshold.
[0105] In some embodiments, the signal quality threshold comprises a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) threshold for the receiving sensing signals.
[0106] In some embodiments, the device 110 may further receive a sensing signal that is reflected from a sensed target; receive the communication signal from the terminal device; and determine the quality of the receiving sensing signal based on receiving the sensing signal and the communication signal.
[0107] In some embodiments, the sensing signal and the communication signals are received on same radio resources.
[0108] In some embodiments, the device 110 may transmit the request by the following: determining that the received sensing signal is interference by the communication signals at least based on received power of the communication signals; and transmitting, to the user equipment transmitting the communication signals, the request to adjust a transmission power of the communication signals or the request to refrain from transmitting the communication signals.
[0109] In some embodiments, the device 110 may further: determining a power adjustment for transmission power; determining a pattern adjustment for a division duplex pattern; determining a spatial adjustment for beamforming; or determining, based on location information associated with devices, a set of devices comprising the second device to be transmission refrained.
[0110] In some embodiments, the determining the power adjustment comprises: determining a difference between the quality of the received sensing signal and a signal quality threshold; and determining the power adjustment based on the difference.
[0111] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a third indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.
[0112] In some embodiments, the request further comprises time information that indicates one or more time parameters comprising a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.
[0113] In some embodiments, the device 110 comprises a radio access network node or a terminal device, the device 110 is configured to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive sensing signals, and / or the device 110 is configured as both a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter and is configured to both transmit and receive sensing signals.
[0114] Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of an example method 500 performed by a terminal device (for example, the user equipment 120) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of a terminal device (e.g., the user equipment 120) with reference to Fig. 1.
[0115] At 510, the user equipment 120 transmits communication signals. At 520, the terminal device equipment 120 receives from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals. At 530, the terminal device (e.g., user equipment 120) adjusts the transmission of the communication signals based on the request.
[0116] In some embodiments, the adjusting the transmission comprises: adjusting a power of the transmission of the communication signal and / or refraining from the transmission of the communication signal.
[0117] In some embodiments, the sensing signal and the communication signal are scheduled on the same radio resources for sensing and communication.
[0118] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of a power adjustment for the transmission of the communication signals, a second indication of the pattern adjustment for the transmission of the communication signals, a third indication of the spatial adjustment for the transmission of the communication signals or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission. In some embodiments, the pattern adjustment may include the adjustment of TDD pattern or FDD pattern, and so on, as mentioned above. In some embodiments, the spatial adjustment may include the adjustment of transmit beams of the terminal device, as mentioned above.
[0119] In some embodiments, the power adjustment is determined based on a difference between the quality of the sensing signal received at the sensing receiver and a signal quality threshold.
[0120] In some embodiments, the request further comprises time information that indicates one or more time parameters indicates a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.
[0121] Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of an example method 600 performed by a server (for example, the server 130) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the server 130 with reference to Fig. 1.
[0122] At 610, the server 130 selects a first device and a second device to perform sensing for a sensing service. At 620, the server 130 configures the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and configures the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal. At 630, the server device 130 determines an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service. At 640, the server device 130 transmits, to the second device 110, information indicating the interference-related requirement.
[0123] In some embodiments, the transmitting comprises: receiving, from the first device a request for the interference-related requirement; and transmitting, in response to the request, the information indicating the interference-related requirement to the first device.
[0124] In some embodiments, the information comprises a signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the receiving sensing signals, and wherein the signal quality threshold comprises a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) threshold for the receiving sensing signals.
[0125] In some embodiments, the server comprises a sensing management function.
[0126] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 400 (for example, the device 110) may include means for obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; means for determining whether a quality of a received sensing signal meets the interference-related requirement; and means for based on determining that the interference-related requirement is not met, transmitting, to a user equipment transmitting communication signals, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals or a request to refrain from transmitting the communication signals.
[0127] In some embodiments, the means for obtaining comprises a means for receiving the information from a sensing management function.
[0128] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the sensing management function is configured in the sensing receiver; the sensing management function is configured in a sensing transmitter; or the sensing management function is configured in a server device.
[0129] In some embodiments, the information comprises a signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the sensing signals, and determining whether a quality of a received sensing signal fulfills the interference-related requirement comprises: determining whether the quality of the received sensing signal is above or equal to the signal quality threshold.
[0130] In some embodiments, the device 110 may further comprise a means for receiving the communication signal; measure the quality of the received sensing signal based on the received sensing signal and the communication signal; a means for determining that the interference-related requirement is not fulfilled based on that the quality of the sensing signal is below the signal quality threshold.
[0131] In some embodiments, the received sensing signal and the communication signals are received on same radio resources.
[0132] In some embodiments, the means for transmitting the request may comprise: a means for determining that the received sensing signal is interference by the communication signals at least based on received power of the communication signals; and a means for transmitting, to the user equipment transmitting the communication signals, the request to adjust a transmission power of the communication signals or the request to refrain from transmitting the communication signals.
[0133] In some embodiments, the mean for transmitting may comprise at least one of the following: a means for determining a power adjustment for transmission power; a means for determining a pattern adjustment for a division duplex pattern; a means for determining a spatial adjustment for beamforming; or determining, based on location information associated with devices, a set of devices comprising the second device to be transmission refrained.
[0134] In some embodiments, the means for determining the power adjustment may comprise: a means for determining a difference between the quality of the received sensing signal and a signal quality threshold; and a means for determining the power adjustment based on the difference.
[0135] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a third indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.
[0136] In some embodiments, the request further comprises time information that indicates one or more time parameters comprising a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.
[0137] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the user equipment 120) may include means for transmitting communication signals; means for receiving, from a sensing receiver of an integrated sensing and communication system, a request for adjusting a transmission of the communication signals or a request for refraining from transmitting the communications signals; and means for adjusting or refraining from, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signals.
[0138] In some embodiments, the sensing signal and the communication signal are scheduled on the same resources for integrated sensing and communication.
[0139] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a third indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.
[0140] In some embodiments, the power adjustment is determined based on a difference between the quality of the sensing signal received at the sensing receiver and a signal quality threshold.
[0141] In some embodiments, the request further comprises time information that indicates one or more time parameters comprising a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.
[0142] In some embodiments, a sensing management function capable of performing any of the method 600 (for example, the server 130) may include means for selecting at least one of a radio access network node or terminal device to be configured to be a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to perform sensing; means for configuring the radio access network node or terminal device that is selected to be a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver; means for determining an interference-related requirement for a sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; and means for transmitting, to the sensing receiver, the interference-related requirement.
[0143] In some embodiments, the sensing management function may be comprised in an apparatus, for example, a physical computing device such as a server, a distributed computing system, or a cloud computing system, or a virtual computing device (e.g., a virtual machine) .
[0144] Fig. 7 is a simplified block diagram of a device 700 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the device 110, the terminal device 120 and the server 130 as shown in Fig. 1a. As shown, the device 700 includes one or more processors 710, one or more memories 740 coupled to the processor 710, and one or more transmitters and / or receivers (TX / RX) 740 (or transceivers) coupled to the processor 710.
[0145] The TX / RX 740 is for bidirectional communications. The TX / RX 740 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0146] The processor 710 may may include one or more of the following: a central processing unit, (CPU) an accelerator, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a tensor processing unit (TPU) and a multicore processor, an application specific-integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, as non-limiting examples. The device 700 may have multiple processors 710, for example, an application specific integrated circuit that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0147] The memory 720 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM) 1324, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 722 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0148] A program 730 includes executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 710. The program 730 may be stored in the ROM 724. The processor 710 may perform any suitable operations and processing by loading the program 730 into the RAM 722. When the device 700 comprises a sensing management function, the program 710 may include executable instructions of a sensing management function, which when executed by the at least one processor 710, causes the device to perform the operations of the sensing management function described above.
[0149] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program so that the device 700 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2 to 6. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0150] In some embodiments, the program 730 may be tangibly contained in a readable storage medium which may be included in the device 700 (such as in the memory 720) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 700. The device 700 may load the program 730 from the storage medium to the RAM 722 for execution. The storage medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. Fig. 8 shows an example of the storage medium 800 in form of CD or DVD. The storage medium has the processor instructions 730 stored therein.
[0151] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0152] The present disclosure also provides at least one program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory readable storage medium. The program product includes executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out process 200, the method 400, 500 or 600 as described above with reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 6. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0153] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0154] In the context of the present disclosure, the program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, readable storage medium, and the like.
[0155] The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0156] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0157] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A device configured for sensing and communication, the device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform at least to:obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; andbased on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device configured to transmit and / or receive communication signals, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the transmission comprises:refraining from the transmission of the communication signal.3.The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the obtaining comprises:sending a request for the interference-related requirement to a sensing management function; andreceiving, in response to the request, the information indicating the interference-related requirement from the sensing management function.4.The device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the information comprises a signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the receiving sensing signals, and the determining comprises:determining whether the quality of the receiving sensing signal is above or equal to the signal quality threshold.5.The device of claim 4, wherein the signal quality threshold comprises a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) threshold for the receiving sensing signals.6.The device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to:receive a sensing signal that is reflected from a sensed target;receive the communication signal from the terminal device; anddetermine the quality of the receiving sensing signal based on receiving the sensing signal and the communication signal.7.The device of claim 6, wherein the sensing signal and the communication signal are received on same radio resources.8.The device of claim 6, wherein the device is caused to transmit the request by the following:determining that the sensing signal is interference by the communication signals at least based on a power of the communication signals; andtransmitting, to the user equipment transmitting the communication signals, the request to adjust a transmission power of the communication signals or the request to refrain from transmitting the communication signals.9.The device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least one of the following:determine a power adjustment for transmission power;determine a pattern adjustment for a division duplex pattern;determine a spatial adjustment for beamforming; ordetermine, based on location information associated with devices, a set of devices comprising the second device to be transmission refrained.10.The device of claim 9, wherein determining the power adjustment comprises:determining a difference between the quality of the sensing signal and a signal quality threshold; anddetermining the power adjustment based on the difference.11.The device of claim 9 or 10, wherein the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a third indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.12.The device of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the request further comprises time information that indicates a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.13.The device of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one of the following:the device comprises a radio access network node or a terminal device,the device is configured to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive sensing signals, orthe device is configured as both a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter and is configured to both transmit and receive sensing signals.14.A terminal device, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to perform at least:transmitting a communication signal;receiving, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; andadjusting, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signal.15.The terminal device of claim 14, wherein the adjusting the transmission comprises:refraining from the transmission of the communication signal.16.The terminal device of claim 14 or 15, wherein the communication signal is received by the device on the same radio resources as a sensing signal.17.The terminal device of any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the request comprises at least one of the following: a first indication of the power adjustment, a second indication of the pattern adjustment, a third indication of the spatial adjustment or a fourth indication of refraining the transmission.18.The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the power adjustment is determined based on a difference between the quality of receiving sensing signal at the device and a signal quality threshold.19.The terminal device of any of claims 14 to 18, wherein the request further comprises time information that indicates a duration for the sensing service by the sensing receiver.20.A server for an integrated sensing and communication system, the comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions of a sensing management function, wherein execution of the instructions by the at least one processor, causes the server device to perform at least:selecting a first device and a second device configured for a sensing service;configuring the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit sensing signals and configuring the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signals;determining an interference-related requirement for the sensing signals based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; andtransmitting, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.21.The server of claim 20, wherein the server device is configured with a sensing management function.22.The server of claim 20 or 21, wherein the transmitting comprises:receiving, from the first device a request for the interference-related requirement; andtransmitting, in response to the request, the information indicating the interference-related requirement to the first device.23.The server of any of claims 20 to 22, wherein the information comprises a signal quality threshold for evaluating the quality of the receiving sensing signals, and wherein the signal quality threshold comprises a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) threshold for the receiving sensing signals.24.A method performed by a device configured for sensing and communication, comprising:obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; andbased on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.25.A method performed by a terminal device, comprising:transmitting communication signals;receiving, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; andadjusting, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signal.26.A method performed by a sensing function, comprising:selecting a first device and a second device for a sensing service;configuring the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and configuring the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal;determining an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; andtransmitting, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.27.An apparatus comprising:means for obtaining information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals; andmeans for based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, transmitting, to a terminal device, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal.28.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting a communication signal;means for receiving, from a device configured for sensing and communication, a request to adjust a transmission of the communication signals; andmeans for adjusting, based on the request, the transmission of the communication signal.29.An apparatus comprising:means for selecting a first device and a second device configured for a sensing service;means for configuring the first device to be a sensing transmitter that is configured to transmit a sensing signal and configuring the second device to be a sensing receiver that is configured to receive the sensing signal;means for determining an interference-related requirement for the sensing signal based on at least one of performance index information or service quality information related to the sensing service; andmeans for transmitting, to the second device, information indicating the interference-related requirement.30.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the method of any of claims 24 to 26.
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