A method and devices for generating beamformer report message
By generating two independent sets of feedback information with varying resolutions and approximation functions, the feedback size in MIMO schemes is reduced, ensuring efficient and high-performance wireless communications without hardware modifications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077838
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
The growing size of feedback report messages in Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) schemes leads to increased overhead and reduced efficiency in wireless communications, necessitating a reduction in feedback size while preserving performance and minimizing implementation changes.
Generating two independent sets of feedback information, where one set comprises psi angles with reduced frequency tones and the other comprises phi angles, using different feedback resolutions and approximation functions to reconstruct beamforming precoders.
Significant reduction in feedback size is achieved without performance degradation, requiring no hardware changes and maintaining efficient beamformed transmissions.
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Figure CN2024077838_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD AND DEVICES FOR GENERATING BEAMFORMER REPORT MESSAGEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This disclosure relates to sounding feedback procedures in wireless communications systems. Specifically comprising generating beamformer report messages for uplink beamforming multi-input multi-output schemes.BACKGROUND
[0002] The sounding procedure is one of the key techniques used in WLAN. The sounding procedure allows the transmitter device to obtain channel information and compute a beamforming precoder data to assist in optimising an upcoming data transmission. The data transmission may be multiuser or single user based.
[0003] With the growing size of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) schemes, the size of the feedback report message, which comprises all the precoder data for all of the user devices involved, is also growing. This results in a larger overhead and reduced efficiency during the following data transmission.
[0004] The basic principles of feedback computation and compression are as follows. First, a beamformee obtains Channel State Information (CSI) for i-th tone (Hi) from a Null-Data Packet (NDP) . The set of the relevant tones is indicated by the beamformer in the NDP announcement (A) packet including the granularity. The granularity indicates when the single feedback is computed and reported for every Ng tones. That is, the feedback is computed and reported for every four tones if the granularity or resolution is four, e.g. Ng = 4. Afterwards, a Single Value Decomposition (SVD) decomposition is performed on every matrix Hi to compute the precoding matrix Vi. Finally, matrix Vi is compressed using an algorithm as defined by the current IEEE certified standard document. The compression results in feedback angles phi, φ, and psi, which are reported for each tone in a beamformer (BF) Report. The two types of feedback angles represent a single compression algorithm for specific tones and have a strong dependency on each other.
[0005] The compression angles are represented by a number of bits which are defined in the IEEE standard. There are several options for the number of bits that depends on feedback type and allow a choice between accuracy and feedback size. All the options are specified by the Feedback Type and Ng subfields in the NDPA message and in the Codebook Information subfield in a MIMO Control Field which transmitted as part of the compressed BF Report.
[0006] From the above it can be seen that the feedback size is determined largely by the number of tones for which feedback is provided (depend on Ng) and also the number of bits needed for the provided feedback angles φ and
[0007] It is desirable to develop one or more new methods which reduce the feedback size while also preserving performance and minimizing implementation changes.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] According to one aspect there is provided a method for reducing the size of sounding feedback information for reporting beamforming precoders to a receiving radio station, the method comprising generating two sets of feedback information, wherein the two sets of feedback information are independent from each other and the two sets of feedback information are usable together to reconstruct the beamforming precoders by the radio station upon reception of the two sets of feedback information.
[0009] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise the sets of angles to reconstruct the beamforming precoder.
[0010] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles in the first set of feedback information correspond to, is smaller than the number of frequency tones that the angles in the second set of feedback information correspond to.
[0011] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise the psi angles and the second set of feedback information may comprise the phi angles.
[0012] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles correspond to may define a sounding feedback resolution, k*Ng, of the respective set of feedback information and at least one set has a resolution value greater than 4.
[0013] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles correspond to may define a sounding feedback resolution, k*Ng, of the respective set of feedback information and k is selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32.
[0014] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise different feedback resolution values to define the set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to.
[0015] In an embodiment, the sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback messages may be smaller than the resolution of the second set of feedback information.
[0016] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise a sounding feedback resolution for the edge tones and the second set of feedback information may comprise the sounding feedback resolution for the centre tones.
[0017] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be a predefined number of tones per bandwidth.
[0018] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be a percentage of the total tones of each bandwidth.
[0019] In an embodiment, the percentage may be selected from any one of about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%.
[0020] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be split equally between each end of the bandwidth range.
[0021] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be split between each end of the bandwidth range based on an expected level of filter distortion depending on the frequency at each end.
[0022] In an embodiment, the tones may be ordered in series within one or more resource units, RUs, within each of the one or more bandwidths and the method may comprise generating the feedback message such that one set of feedback information includes compression angles corresponding to one or more edge tones comprising all the tones of the RUs at the boundaries of the one or more bandwidths.
[0023] In an embodiment, the sounding feedback resolution of the edge tones may be 4.
[0024] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise approximation parameters and differentiation values to reconstruct the beamforming precoders.
[0025] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise the approximation function parameters and the second set of feedback information comprises the differentiation beamforming precoder values.
[0026] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: forming the approximation function parameters to correspond to an approximation function for reconstructing the beamforming precoders whereby multiple feedback angles can be estimated based on a selected single feedback angle; and forming the differentiation beamforming precoder values to include the selected single feedback angle.
[0027] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise a single approximation function and the method may comprise estimating feedback angles for each tone based on the feedback angles of one or more preceding tones.
[0028] In an embodiment, the second set of feedback information may comprise differentiation beamforming precoder values which correspond to an adjustment value for reconstructing each feedback angle from the respective estimated feedback angle.
[0029] In an embodiment, the method may comprise computing the estimated feedback angles and determining the adjustment values for each feedback angle by subtracting the estimated feedback angles from the calculated feedback angles.
[0030] In an embodiment, the approximation function may be a ZOH function with a single function parameter (alpha_0) .
[0031] In an embodiment, the approximation function may be a linear function with two function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1) .
[0032] In an embodiment, the approximation function may a third-order function with three function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) .
[0033] In an embodiment, the approximation function may comprise two third-order functions with three function parameters each (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) for each of a real component and an imaginary component of a complex value.
[0034] According to one aspect there is provided a radio station controller for reducing the size of sounding feedback information for reporting beamforming precoders to a receiving radio station, the radio station controller being configured to generate two sets of feedback information, wherein the two sets of feedback information are independent from each other and the two sets of feedback information are useable together to reconstruct the beamforming precoders by the radio station upon reception of the two sets of feedback information.
[0035] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise the sets of angles to reconstruct the beamforming precoder.
[0036] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles in the first set of feedback information correspond to, may be smaller than the number of frequency tones that the angles in the second set of feedback information correspond to.
[0037] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise the psi angles and the second set of feedback information comprises the phi angles.
[0038] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles correspond to may define a sounding feedback resolution, k*Ng, of the respective set of feedback information and at least one set may have a resolution value greater than 4, where k is an integer greater than 1.
[0039] In an embodiment, the number of frequency tones that the angles correspond to may define a sounding feedback resolution, k*Ng, of the respective set of feedback information and k may be selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.
[0040] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise different feedback resolution values to define the set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to.
[0041] In an embodiment, the sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback messages may be smaller than the resolution of the second set of feedback information.
[0042] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise a sounding feedback resolution for the edge tones and the second set of feedback information may comprise the sounding feedback resolution for the centre tones.
[0043] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be a predefined number of tones per bandwidth.
[0044] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be a percentage of the total tones of each bandwidth.
[0045] In an embodiment, the percentage may be selected from any one of about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%.
[0046] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be split equally between each end of the bandwidth range.
[0047] In an embodiment, the number of edge tones may be split between each end of the bandwidth range based on an expected level of filter distortion depending on the frequency at each end.
[0048] In an embodiment, the tones may be ordered in series within one or more resource units, RUs, within each of the one or more bandwidths and the radio station controller may be configured to generate the feedback message such that one set of feedback information includes compression angles corresponding to one or more edge tones comprising all the tones of the RUs at the boundaries of the one or more bandwidths.
[0049] In an embodiment, the sounding feedback resolution of the edge tones may be 4.
[0050] In an embodiment, the edge subcarriers may be defined for each radio band and indicated in a field of a beamformer report message.
[0051] In an embodiment, the two sets of feedback information may comprise approximation parameters and differentiation values to reconstruct the beamforming precoders.
[0052] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise the approximation function parameters and the second set of feedback information may comprise the differentiation beamforming precoder values.
[0053] In an embodiment, the controller may be configured to: form the approximation function parameters to correspond to an approximation function for reconstructing the beamforming precoders whereby multiple feedback angles can be estimated based on a selected single feedback angle; and form the differentiation beamforming precoder values to include the selected single feedback angle.
[0054] In an embodiment, the first set of feedback information may comprise a single approximation function and radio station controller is configured to estimate feedback angles for each tone based on the feedback angles of one or more preceding tones.
[0055] In an embodiment, the second set of feedback information may comprise differentiation beamforming precoder values which correspond to an adjustment value reconstructing each feedback angle from the respective estimated feedback angle.
[0056] In an embodiment, the radio station controller may be configured to compute the estimated feedback angles and determine the adjustment values for each feedback angle by subtracting the estimated feedback angles from the calculated feedback angles.
[0057] In an embodiment, the approximation function may be a ZOH function with a single function parameter (alpha_0) .
[0058] In an embodiment, the approximation function may be a linear function with two function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1) .
[0059] In an embodiment, the approximation function may be a third-order function with three function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) .
[0060] In an embodiment, the approximation function may comprise two third-order functions with three function parameters each (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) for each of a real component and an imaginary component of a complex value.
[0061] In an embodiment, the radio station controller may be configured to generate the beamforming report message comprising an indication of the factor k of the sounding feedback resolution.
[0062] In an embodiment, the indication may be contained within one or more reserved bits of a MIMO Control field.
[0063] In an embodiment, the number of reserved bits utilised may depends on the size of the factor k being indicated.
[0064] In an embodiment, a single 0 bit may indicate the factor k equals 1.
[0065] In an embodiment, the indicator may be contained within an extended Grouping and Codebook Information subfield of a MIMO Control field.
[0066] In an embodiment, the extended Grouping, Ng, and Codebook Information subfield of the MIMO Control Field may contain three bits, whereby the three bits are configured to indicate the sounding feedback resolution for feedback angles phi.
[0067] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may be configured to comprise a single reserved bit per edge tone to indicate when the factor k equals 1.
[0068] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may be configured to comprise a tone indices set in a format with the parameterisation [min: Ng: val1, val1+k*Ng: k*Ng: val2, val2+k*Ng: k*Ng: val3, val3+k*Ng: Ng: max] , where Ng is the standard set sounding feedback resolution, and each value (val1, val2, val3) is a boundary between contiguous groups of tones within the radio band wherein the first group and the last group are groups of edge tones.
[0069] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may be configured to comprise a field of 12 bits defining which tone is the last edge tone or the first edge tone.
[0070] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may be configured to comprise an RU index comprising 8 bits defining the last RU for which the factor k equals 1.
[0071] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may be configured to utilize a single reserve bit of the MIMO Control Field to indicate that multiple sounding feedback resolutions are used for the radio band subcarriers.
[0072] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may comprise a Compressed Beamformer Report Field comprising third-order function parameters of five bits each.
[0073] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may comprise a Compressed Beamformer Report Field comprising two sets of third-order function parameters of six bits each.
[0074] In an embodiment, the beamforming report message may comprise a bit per tone configured to indicate whether for that tone the feedback angle or the adjustment value is provided.
[0075] In an embodiment, the controller may be configured to cause the radio station to transmit the beamforming report message to the recipient.
[0076] In an embodiment, the radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement, NDPA, wherein the NDPA comprises one or more reserved bits configured to indicate the factor k.
[0077] In an embodiment, the number of reserved bits utilised may depend on the size of the factor k being indicated.
[0078] In an embodiment, a single reserved bit of 0 may indicate the factor k equals 1.
[0079] In an embodiment, the radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement, NDPA, prior to receiving the beamforming report message where the NDPA comprises an extended Feedback Type and Ng subfield configured to indicate the factor k.
[0080] In an embodiment, the indication may be a number of bits where each combination of those bits indicates a specific factor k to be used.
[0081] In an embodiment, the Feedback Type and Ng subfield may be extended by one bit and a bit of 0 may indicate the factor k equals 1.
[0082] In an embodiment, the Feedback Type and Ng subfield may be extended by one or more bits and each combination of those bits indicates a different method of implementing the reduced sounding feedback information.
[0083] In an embodiment, the radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement, NDPA, prior to receiving the feedback message, where the NDPA comprises an indicator configured to indicate the method of sounding feedback information reduction and the indicator is a bitmap for indicating one or more method combinations to be used.
[0084] In an embodiment, the indicator may comprise a further bitmap for indicating one or more different values of the factor k.
[0085] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0086] The present disclosure will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
[0087] FIG. 1 shows the dynamically varying values of feedback angles phi compared to feedback angles psi.
[0088] FIGS. 2a and 2b show graphs of the performance of Single User (SU) -MIMO with two spatial streams and different modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for various values of sounding feedback resolution for phi angles.
[0089] FIGS. 3a and 3b show graphs of the performance of Multiple User (MU) -MIMO for various values of sounding feedback resolution for phi angles.
[0090] FIG. 4 shows example options for use when an additional bit equals 1 or 0.
[0091] FIG. 5 is a graph which shows how the edge tones are affected by using a digital filter.
[0092] FIG. 6 is a graph plotting feedback size against SNR for different approximation functions.
[0093] FIG. 7 shows a summary of the feedback size reduction that may be achieved with the different proposed embodiments described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0094] The main purpose of the present approach is to define a new design for the precoder information transmission which supports all possible scenarios and provides all the required parameters to allow the station devices (STAs) to successfully decode the precoder data.
[0095] There are proposed herein three different embodiments of the method for feedback size reduction. Each method may be applied as a stand-alone method or may be combined with one or more of the other methods. Provided below is a general description of the methods, while the specific embodiments focus also on the indications related to each method needed for implementation.
[0096] The proposed approach can be described generally as a method for providing new indications for BF Report messages to support proposed different methods of reduced feedback information size. Specifically, both sounding feedback resolution (Ng) values and feedback angle sizes are addressed to provide a new method for feedback size reduction.
[0097] Several ideas on feedback size reduction have been previously discussed during development of the IEEE 802.11be standard. However, the discussed methods were not adopted by the standard because other connected requirements were not changed, such as increased MIMO size. However, the issue is still open for future development and becomes more and more relevant with the discussions of the next 802.11 generation standard.
[0098] For example, ideas for feedback size reduction previously discussed include the following options. A wideband precoder consisting of a single precoder that is used for the entire bandwidth (BW) or a large part of the BW. A hybrid precoder consisting of defining the precoder matrix as combination of two matrices, where a first matrix is a wideband precoder the same for all the tones and a second matrix is a pre-tone narrowband precoder of smaller size. Antenna selection consisting of reporting the precoder matrix with lower size where some rows can be eliminated based on Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) or other metrics.
[0099] There are two main drawbacks associated with the previously described options. Firstly, performance degradation. Reducing feedback size by using a smaller number of precoders or by eliminating rows results in performance degradation and thus produces a trade-off between efficiency and performance. Secondly, implementation complexity. New methods and algorithms that are different from those already defined in the standard mean a new hardware design is usually needed, which product vendors typically try to avoid.
[0100] Some of the previous ideas listed above have only one drawback while some of them have both of those mentioned above. The purpose of the proposed approaches herein is to suggest new ideas where at least one of the above drawbacks is eliminated while also providing solutions that have none of the above drawbacks.
[0101] All of the below embodiments of the proposed method provide a method for reducing the size of sounding feedback information for reporting beamforming precoders to a receiving radio station. The methods comprise generating two sets of feedback information. The two sets of feedback information are independent from each other. By which it is meant that they each independently represent a respective aspect of the feedback. The two sets of feedback information are useable together by the radio station to reconstruct the beamforming precoders upon receiving the two sets of feedback information. Accordingly, there is also provided a radio station controller configured to implement the method.
[0102] The combination of both sets of feedback information is required to reconstruct the beamforming precoder data correctly and completely. The two sets of feedback information may be transmitted in a single frame or physical protocol data unit.
[0103] In a first embodiment there is provided the following approach which utilizes different sounding feedback resolutions to compress feedback angles. It has been realized that the different compression angles have different dynamically varying values over the frequency range of interest. In particular, the feedback angle phi φ values change slowly across the frequency tones compared to the feedback angle psi values. FIG. 1 shows how the values of phi angles 102 dynamically vary compared to the values of psi angles 104. FIG. 5 plots a graph of the angle values for phi and psi in Radians for the tone indices from 0 to 250 with a granularity of 4.
[0104] It has therefore been realized that a lower granularity may be used for phi φ than for psi Thus, the total number of feedback angles transmitted within the BF Report can be reduced without reducing the accuracy of the reproduced beamformer precoders at the station device. For example, if the standard set feedback resolution (Ng) value is 4 then angle phi φ may be transmitted fewer than once for every 4 phi tones such that Ng_phi = k*Ng. Therefore, a factor k may be added in front of Ng to reduce the frequency with which phi angles are required to be transmitted, reducing how often phi angles need to be included in the feedback information, and subsequently reducing the total size of the feedback information for the phi angles. For example, the factor k may be selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32. The selection may depend on a known or expected level of variance of the phi angle values over the frequency range to be used.
[0105] Various scenarios with different factor k values have been simulated to understand what degradation could be expected for every different Ng_phi value from k*Ng (standard value) . FIGS. 2a and 2b show graphs of the performance of Single User (SU) -MIMO with two spatial streams and different modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for various values of Ng_phi. In FIG. 2a MCS5 is used and in FIG. 2b MCS2 is used. The lines plot the Packet Error Rate (PER) against SNR in decibels. The line 202 represents Ng = 4, which is the current standard set value for feedback resolution. The line 204 represents Ng = 16, so when k=4. The line 206 represents Ng = 32, so when k=8. The line 208 represents Ng = 64, so when k=16. The dashed line 210 represents the performance when there is no beamforming.
[0106] It can be seen that increasing Ng_phi from 4 to 16, i.e. where k*Ng = 16 so k = 4, provides 43%feedback size reduction with no discernible degradation of the performance. Larger Ng_phi values of 32 and 64 provide feedback size reduction of 51%-54%but also produce PER degradation between 0.5dB and 2dB, depending on the MCS.
[0107] FIGS. 3a and 3b show graphs of the performance of Multiple User (MU) -MIMO for various values of Ng_phi. FIG. 3a shows lines plotting the PER against SNR in decibels for three different Ng values. The line 302 represents Ng = 4, which is the current standard set value for feedback resolution. The line 306 represents Ng = 16, so when k=4. The line 308 represents Ng = 32, so when k=8. FIG. 3b shows lines plotting the PER against SNR in decibels for four different Ng values. The line 302 represents Ng = 4, which is the current standard set value for feedback resolution. The line 304 represents Ng = 8, so when k=4. The line 306 represents Ng = 16, so when k=8. The line 308 represents Ng = 32, so when k=16.
[0108] As expected, MU-MIMO is more sensitive to precoder accuracy, thus Ng_phi is more limited in multiple user settings. However, it may still be increased up to Ng_phi = 16. Even with Ng_phi = 8 it is still possible to achieve a 30%reduction in feedback size with no discernible degradation to the performance.
[0109] Therefore, it can be stated that it is possible to use different granularities for the different compression angles to provide a significant feedback size reduction with no discernible performance degradation. Moreover, this approach doesn’ t require any change in the hardware as the main algorithm for determining the feedback angles and transmitting them is not changed.
[0110] Therefore, there is proposed herein a method wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise the sets of angles to reconstruct the beamforming precoder. The number of frequency tones that the angles in the first set of feedback information correspond to may be smaller than the number of frequency tones that the angles in the second set of feedback information correspond to. The first set of feedback information may comprise the psi angles and the second set of feedback information may comprise the phi angles.
[0111] For each set of feedback information, the number of frequency tones that the angles correspond to defines a sounding feedback resolution of the respective set of feedback information. The sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback information may relate to the sounding feedback resolution of the second set of feedback information by a factor k. The factor k may be selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32. The two sets of feedback information may thus comprise different feedback resolution values, where each feedback resolution value defines a different set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to.
[0112] That is, the sounding feedback resolution Ng as indicated as part of a feedback report message may be applied to psi angles directly and then Ng may be adapted by an indicated factor of k when applied to the phi angles.
[0113] Accordingly, there is therefore provided a radio station controller configured to implement the method. This may involve generating feedback messages with various formats.
[0114] In order to apply a different Ng for different compression angles there is a need to indicate the Ng_phi applied for phi φ angles within the null data packet announcement (NDPA) . There are various options for implementing this which are described below.
[0115] For the first embodiment described above Ng for psi ψ angles can be indicated as currently defined in the IEEE standard.
[0116] A first option for indicating Ng_phi can be to use reserved bits of the message. For example, one or two reserved bits can be used to indicate the factor k to be applied to Ng to obtain Ng_phi. Where Ng_phi = k*Ng, while k may be 2, 4 or 8 etc. Two bits may be required for values of 8 and above. A zero value of these reserved bits may be used to indicate k = 1.
[0117] A second option for indicating Ng_phi can be to extend Feedback Type and Ng subfields. The Feedback Type and Ng subfields may be extended by 1 bit to accommodate the factor indication. There is also an option to use fewer bits for angle phi φ. When the additional bit equals zero the same options as defined today in the standard can be used. When the additional bit equals 1 various new options may be used. A single field with different options for different values may be used as shown in FIG. 4.
[0118] The Ng_phi to be applied for angle phi φ also needs to be indicated within MIMO Control Field. A first option for implementing this may be to use one or two reserved bits B14-15 to define a factor k for Ng_phi. A second option for implementing this may be to extend the Grouping and Codebook Information subfields by one bit each to add options similar to those in FIG. 4.
[0119] Accordingly, the radio station controller may be configured to generate the beamforming report message comprising an indication of the factor k of the sounding feedback resolution. This may be indicated for use with phi angles only. The indication may be contained within one or more reserved bits of a MIMO Control field. The number of reserved bits utilised may depend on the size of the factor k being indicated. A single 0 bit may be used to indicate the factor k equals 1. The indicator may be contained within an extended Grouping and Codebook Information subfield of a MIMO Control field. The extended Grouping (Ng) and Codebook Information subfield of the MIMO Control Field may contain three bits, where the three bits may be configured to indicate the sounding feedback resolution for feedback angles phi.
[0120] The controller may be configured to cause the radio station to transmit the beamforming report message to the recipient, i.e. an access point. The radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) wherein the NDPA comprises one or more reserved bits configured to indicate the factor k. The radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement, NDPA, prior to receiving the beamforming report message where the NDPA comprises an extended Feedback Type and Ng subfield configured to indicate the factor k. The indication may be a number of bits where each combination of those bits indicates a specific factor k to be used. The Feedback Type and Ng subfield may be extended by one bit and a bit of 0 indicates the factor k equals 1.
[0121] In a second embodiment, there is proposed a method for mixing Ng values for a single set of feedback angles. In most cases Ng = 8 provides no discernible performance degradation. This means about ~50%of the feedback size may be reduced. However, testing this idea in the real environment shows that in practical devices the edge tones might need larger granularity due to digital filter properties. FIG. 5 is a graph which shows how the edge tones are affected by using a digital filter. It can be seen at the ends of the plotted channel SNR against tone indices, that the tones at the start and end of the bandwidth drop off significantly, as indicated within the dotted oval lines 502 and 504.
[0122] Thus, there is proposed a method whereby a combination of Ng = 4 for edge tones and Ng = 8 for the rest of the tones is used.
[0123] Accordingly, the two sets of feedback information may comprise different feedback resolution values (for example as Ng_1 and Ng_2) to define the set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to. Similar to the embodiment described above, the transmitted feedback information allows for reconstruction of the beamforming precoder. The sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback messages may be smaller than the resolution of the second set of feedback information. The first set of feedback information may comprise a sounding feedback resolution for the edge tones and the second set of feedback information may comprise the sounding feedback resolution for the centre tones. The centre tones are the tone in the middle of a bandwidth or resource unit which lie between the edge tones. That is, the centre tones may be the tones of a bandwidth that are deemed far enough away from the boundaries to not be significantly affected by the digital filter. This may depend on the bandwidth and the filter settings.
[0124] The number of edge tones may be a predefined number of tones per bandwidth. The number of edge tones may be a percentage of the total tones of each bandwidth. The percentage may be selected from any one of about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%. The number of edge tones may be split equally between each end of the bandwidth range. The number of edge tones may be split between each end of the bandwidth range based on an expected level of filter distortion depending on the frequency at each end.
[0125] The tones may be ordered in series within one or more resource units, RUs, within each of the one or more bandwidths and the method may comprise generating the feedback message such that one set of feedback information includes compression angles corresponding to one or more edge tones comprising all the tones of the RUs at the boundaries of the one or more bandwidths. The sounding feedback resolution of the edge tones may be 4.
[0126] Mixed Ng might be indicated using two different methods.
[0127] In a first option a single reserved bit may be used to indicate the resolution for the edge tones and centre tones. For example, Ng = 4 may be applied to the edge tones and Ng = 8 may be applied to the rest of the tones. The number of edge tones reported with Ng=4 might be defined by the standard. For example, for 25%of the tones at BW of 80MHz there may be defined the following tone indices set: [-500: 4: -360, -352: 8: -4, 4: 8: 352, 360: 4: 500] .
[0128] In a second option, if the number of edge tones is not defined in advance an indication may be added to show which tone is the last tone that is reported with Ng = 4. For example, assuming there is up to 4096 tones, a field of 12 bits may be needed to cover all the BWs. This field may be indicated once within the BF Report Field. Or for example, RU index may indicate which is the last RU that needs to be indicated with Ng = 4. Assuming there are 144 26-tone RUs, 8 bits may be needed to indicate the specific RU.
[0129] Thus, there is provided a beamforming report message which may be configured to comprise a single reserved bit per edge tone to indicate when the factor k equals 1. The beamforming report message may be configured to comprise a tone indices set in a format with the parameterisation [min: Ng: val1, val1+k*Ng: k*Ng: val2, val2+k*Ng: k*Ng: val3, val3+k*Ng: Ng: max] , where Ng is the standard set sounding feedback resolution, and each value (val1, val2, val3) is a boundary between contiguous groups of tones within the radio band wherein the first group and the last group are groups of edge tones. The beamforming report message may be configured to comprise a field of 12 bits defining which tone is the last edge tone or the first edge tone. The beamforming report message may be configured to comprise an RU index comprising 8 bits defining the last RU for which the factor k equals 1.
[0130] In a third embodiment, there is proposed a method comprising precoder vector approximation. _The main idea of this method is to create a single function that provides approximation for every precoding vector at i-th tone based on some combination of the previous tones’ precoders.
[0131] Such a function may be obtained, for example by solving Least Squares (LS) equation using all or subset of the tones. When this function is obtained it is possible to compute for i-th tone Vi and and also obtain the compressed parameters for both precoder matrices. Finally, instead of transmitting angles φi and ψi per tone, only the difference can be transmitted using a variable length method and also provide the parameters of the approximation αm.
[0132] The beamformer may use the approximation function to recreate and can apply the reported angles to reproduce Vi. In this method the beamformer reproduces the original precoder vector using the differentiation values and thus there is no degradation of the performance at all.
[0133] Different approximation functions can be characterized by different parameters.
[0134] The following approximation functions are proposed for use in conjunction with this method. A zero-order hold (ZOH) model with a single α0 value parameter. A constant linear approximation (no LS solution) requiring two values, α0, 1 as parameters. A third order approximation with real value parameters. A third order approximation with complex value parameters.
[0135] The feedback size is reduced due to a smaller number of bits being required to transmit the differentiation angle values than needed for the original angles φ and Several approximation functions were simulated and showed feedback size reduction ranging from 15%to 30%. The resulting graph is shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 shows different approximation functions and how much the feedback size can be reduced before the SNR is too high. The line 602 is the standard case. The line 604 shows the ZOH model. The line 606 shows the LS complex values. The line 608 shows the LS real values. The line 610 shows the linear extrapolation. The dashed line 612 shows LS function with Ng averaging.
[0136] Thus, there is provided a method where the two sets of feedback information comprise approximation parameters and differentiation values to reconstruct the beamforming precoders. The first set of feedback information may comprise the approximation function parameters and the second set of feedback information may comprise the differentiation beamforming precoder values. The method may comprise forming the approximation function parameters to correspond to an approximation function for reconstructing the beamforming precoders whereby multiple feedback angles can be estimated based on a selected starting point of one or more feedback angles. The method may comprise forming the differentiation beamforming precoder values to include the selected starting point of one or more feedback angle. That is, the selected one or more feedback angles may serve as a starting point from which the next feedback angle may be computed using the approximation function. The number of selected feedback angles may depend on the order of the approximation function. This approximate angle value may then be corrected to be the same as the precisely calculated value using the differentiation value associated with said angle. The first set of feedback information may comprise a single approximation function or an indication of a type of approximation function and the method may comprise estimating feedback angles for each tone using the approximation function based on the feedback angles of one or more preceding tones depending on the order of the approximation function. The second set of feedback information may comprise differentiation beamforming precoder values which correspond to an adjustment value for reconstructing each feedback angle from the respective estimated feedback angle. The method may comprise computing the estimated feedback angles and determining the adjustment values for each feedback angle by subtracting the estimated feedback angles from the calculated feedback angles.
[0137] The approximation function may be a ZOH model with a single function parameter (alpha_0) . The approximation function may be a linear function with two function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1) . The approximation function may be a third-order function with three function parameters (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) . The approximation function may comprise two third-order functions with three function parameters each (alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2) for each of a real component and an imaginary component of a complex value.
[0138] Accordingly, there is provided a radio station controller configured to generate a feedback report message comprising the first and second sets of feedback information according to the above-described method. The radio station controller is further configured to format the message as needed to provide the necessary information to the station device for recreating the beamformer precoder data from the transmitted feedback information.
[0139] An updated format of the Compressed BF Report Field may be defined to support using the approximation function embodiment described above. As mentioned above, there are several options of approximation function and thus different indication is required for the different options. ZOH: α0=1, no need to indicate as this should be defined by the standard. Linear: α0=2, α1=-1, no need to indicate as this should be defined by the standard. Third order real value: α0, α1, α2 should be added and may be indicated once after Average SNR subfields using 5 bits per alpha value. Third order complex value: α0, α1, α2 should be added and may be indicated once after Average SNR subfield using 12 bits per alpha, 6 bits for real values and 6 bits for imaginary values.
[0140] For the above approximation function there may be a maximum size indication. That is, using the well-known method of variable length may produce a different size of the compression angles per tone instead of the constant size in bits bψ as is currently defined for use in the standard. The average size leads to significant feedback size reduction as explained above. However, in some channels and under some SNR conditions, specific tones may require more bits than the current compression size defined by the standard. That is, feedback information comprising the differentiation values and the approximation function parameters may become bigger than the feedback angles alone. In this case, it is preferred to simply transmit the standard φi and ψi values and not the difference from the approximated to the calculated values. However, this is only the case for occasional tones. Thus, there is a need to add a single bit per tone to indicate whether the approximated values are to be used or regular standard values. This also means that the maximum size of compressed feedback per tone is limited by the standard compression size.
[0141] The radio station controller may be configured to generate the beamforming report message to utilize a single reserve bit of the MIMO Control Field to indicate that multiple sounding feedback resolutions are used for the radio band tones. The beamforming report message may comprise a Compressed Beamformer Report Field comprising third-order function parameters of five bits each. The beamforming report message may comprise a Compressed Beamformer Report Field comprising two sets of third-order function parameters of six bits each. The beamforming report message may comprise a bit per tone configured to indicate whether for that tone the feedback angle or the adjustment value is provided.
[0142] The controller may be configured to indicate which of the above-described methods is to be implemented or which has been implemented in order to enable the feedback information to be correctly read and used. This may comprise including an additional bit for indicating which approach or combination of approaches as described above is desired to be used at any one time.
[0143] The radio station controller may be configured such that the Feedback Type and Ng subfield are extended by one or more bits and each combination of those bits indicates a different method of implementing the reduced sounding feedback information. The radio station controller may be configured to transmit a Null-Data Packet Announcement, NDPA, prior to receiving the beamforming report message, where the NDPA comprises an indicator configured to indicate the method of sounding feedback information reduction and the indicator may be a bitmap for indicating one or more method combinations to be used. The indicator may comprise a further bitmap for indicating one or more different values of the factor k.
[0144] By reducing the size of the sounding feedback information each of the above-described implementations increase the efficiency of beamformed transmissions. FIG. 7 provides a summary of the feedback size reduction that may be achieved with the different proposed methods herein.
[0145] The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, to the extent that such features or combinations are capable of being carried out based on the present specification as a whole in the light of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art, irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solve any problems disclosed herein, and without limitation to the scope of the claims. The applicant indicates that aspects of the present disclosure may consist of any such individual feature or combination of features. In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1.A method for reducing the size of sounding feedback information for reporting beamforming precoders to a receiving radio station, the method comprising generating two sets of feedback information, wherein the two sets of feedback information are independent from each other and the two sets of feedback information are used together to reconstruct the beamforming precoders by the radio station upon reception of the two sets of feedback information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise the sets of angles to reconstruct the beamforming precoder.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of frequency tones that the angles in the first set of feedback information correspond to, is smaller than the number of frequency tones that the angles in the second set of feedback information correspond to.4.The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first set of feedback information comprises the psi angles and the second set of feedback information comprises the phi angles.5.The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback information relates to the sounding feedback resolution of the second set of feedback information by a factor k and k is selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise different feedback resolution values , where each feedback resolution value defines a different set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to.7.The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first set of feedback information comprises a sounding feedback resolution for the edge tones and the second set of feedback information comprises the sounding feedback resolution for the centre tones.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise approximation parameters and differentiation values to reconstruct the beamforming precoders.9.A radio station controller for reducing the size of sounding feedback information for reporting beamforming precoders to a receiving radio station, the radio station controller being configured to generate two sets of feedback information, wherein the two sets of feedback information are independent from each other and the two sets of feedback information are useable together to reconstruct the beamforming precoders by the radio station upon reception of the two sets of feedback information.10.The radio station controller of claim 9, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise the sets of angles to reconstruct the beamforming precoder.11.The radio station controller of claim 9 or 10, wherein the number of frequency tones that the angles in the first set of feedback information correspond to, is smaller than the number of frequency tones that the angles in the second set of feedback information correspond to.12.The radio station controller of any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the first set of feedback information comprises the psi angles and the second set of feedback information comprises the phi angles.13.The radio station controller of any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the sounding feedback resolution of the first set of feedback information relates to the sounding feedback resolution of the second set of feedback information by a factor k and k is selected from any one of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.14.The radio station controller of claim 9, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise different feedback resolution values, where each feedback resolution value defines a different set of frequency tones that the transmitted feedback information correspond to.15.The radio station controller of any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the first set of feedback information comprises a sounding feedback resolution for the edge tones and the second set of feedback information comprises the sounding feedback resolution for the centre tones.16.The radio station controller of claim 9, wherein the two sets of feedback information comprise approximation parameters and differentiation values to reconstruct the beamforming precoders.17.The radio station controller of any of claims 9 to 16, wherein radio station controller is configured to generate the beamforming report message comprising an indication of the factor k of the sounding feedback resolution.18.The radio station controller of any of claims 9 to 17, the controller being configured to cause the radio station to transmit the beamforming report message to the recipient.
Citation Information
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