Terminal and communication method

Abstract

This terminal includes: a control unit that applies a spectrum expansion coefficient and further applies constellation rotation associated with the spectrum expansion coefficient to generate a signal; and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a base station.

Description

Terminal and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying a wireless communication method called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter, this wireless communication method will be referred to as "NR") in order to achieve a larger system capacity, a higher data transmission speed, and a lower latency in wireless sections. In 5G, various wireless technologies and network architectures are being studied to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while reducing the latency in wireless sections to 1 ms or less (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).

[0003] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation, 6G, such as ultra broadband communication, mission critical communication, ultra massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0004] To achieve these requirements, new concepts include extensibility (e.g., making it more future-proof), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., reducing costs, having a more robust configuration, and being resilient). Also, guaranteed communication, which always guarantees a minimum level of performance, is being considered.

[0005] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.7.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.401 V17.7.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.214 V17.8.0 (2023-12)

[0006] In next-generation wireless communication systems, when ensuring coverage performance in higher frequency bands than conventional ones, such as the millimeter wave band and the sub-THz band, a further reduction in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to mitigate the effects caused by the nonlinearity of a power amplifier (PA).

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to the disclosed technique, there is provided a terminal including a controller that applies a spectral expansion coefficient and further applies a constellation rotation associated with the spectral expansion coefficient to generate a signal, and a transmitter that transmits the signal to a base station.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (1). FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (2). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an SE according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an SE and FDSS according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an SE and FDSS according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (3) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation rotation according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation rotation according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (4) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation example according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation example according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be called by other names. In addition, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily stated as "NR-".

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each.

[0017] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is, for example, transmitted via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1 , the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may communicate via a primary cell of the base station 10 and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station 10 using DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0018] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Fig. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and measures propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals.

[0019] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation, 6G, such as ultra broadband communication, mission critical communication, ultra massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, ubiquitous sensing, and the like.

[0020] Furthermore, the requirements may be ultra-high speed communication, large capacity communication, ultra-extended coverage, ultra-low power consumption, low cost, ultra-low latency, ultra-reliable communication, ultra-multiple connections and sensing, etc.

[0021] To achieve these requirements, new concepts include extensibility (e.g., making it more future-proof), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., reducing costs, having a more robust configuration, and being resilient). Also, guaranteed communication, which always guarantees a minimum level of performance, is being considered.

[0022] Now, in the consideration of 6G technology, the nonlinearity of power amplifiers (PA) is one of the major challenges in the coverage performance for 6G NTN and high frequency bands (mm-wave / sub-THz).

[0023] Frequency domain spread spectrum (FDSS), spectrum extension (SE) and constellation rotation can reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR), and they can be considered as candidate technologies for 6G waveform and modulation design.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a transmitter (1). FIG. 2 shows an example of a transmitter that applies, for example, π / 2-BPSK as a constellation rotation together with FDSS. As shown in FIG. 2, modulation is performed using π / 2-BPSK. After DFT spreading, FDSS is performed. After subcarrier mapping and IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), CP insertion is performed to generate a signal.

[0025] Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a transmitter (2). Fig. 3 shows an example of a transmitter that applies FDSS and SE. After modulation and DFT spreading, SE is performed. FDSS is further performed, and after IFFT, CP insertion is performed to generate a signal.

[0026] Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of a constellation. Fig. 4 shows a constellation for π / 4-QPSK. This constellation is obtained by rotating the QPSK constellation by π / 4.

[0027] Designs combining SE and optionally FDSS, and constellation rotation should be investigated for further PAPR reduction. Direct combination of SE and FDSS with existing constellation rotations, e.g., π / 2-BPSK and π / 4-QPSK, can result in loss of PAPR performance.

[0028] Here, we will explain the overview of Unified Non-Orthogonal Waveform (uNOW) and the parameter α. In uNOW, after zero insertion, DFT is performed, data is removed, and a CP is inserted. In the symbol structure, a CP is added outside the FFT sample. The zero insertion and data removal before and after DFT precoding compress the time domain symbol interval.

[0029] For example, NCP and UW may be used to reduce OOBE. Inserting NCP or UW can ensure the continuity of the time domain signal and reduce OOBE.

[0030] For example, FDSS and FTN (Faster than Nyquist) may be used to reduce PAPR, which can increase correlation of time domain signals and reduce PAPR.

[0031] For example, FTN may be used to improve SE. FTN modulation can increase SE.

[0032] Here, uNOW integrates three technologies, UW, FDSS and FTN, to simultaneously and flexibly improve three KPIs, SE, PAPR and OOBE.

[0033] In the DFT-s-OFDM baseband transmitter architecture, pre-processing and post-processing are performed to achieve FTN compression (α<1) or spectrum expansion (α>1) in the time domain.

[0034] Pre-processing is zero embedding, which is performed before the cM-point DFT. Post-processing is data removal, which is performed after the cM-point DFT, and FDSS may also be performed. α is defined as b / c, where b is a parameter related to zero embedding and c is a parameter related to the number of DFT points.

[0035] The pre-processing module, the zero-padding module, can realize flexible time-domain compression through irregular zero insertion, and the post-processing module, the data removal and / or FDSS module, can realize flexible spectrum expansion through flexible one-sided or two-sided data removal.

[0036] In uNOW, supporting DFT-s-OFDM based on a unified waveform will enable simultaneous improvement in SE, PAPR and OOBE performance.

[0037] Irregular zero insertion can realize flexible FTN compression in the time domain and spectrum expansion. For example, in the quadrature part, １ = 1, and the other parts are set to the FTN compression factor α ２ = b / c<1, and zero padding may be performed. １ = b １ / c<1, and the other part is the spectral expansion factor α ２ = b ２ Zero padding may be performed by setting / c>1.

[0038] 5 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the zero padding, DFT spreading, and data removal modules in the uNOW transmitter are replaced with asymmetric DFT matrices to reduce complexity. FDSS may also be implemented.

[0039] DFT-s-OFDM uses a symmetric DFT matrix of size M. As shown in Figure 5, uNOW uses a long DFT matrix with M<Q for time domain FTN compression (α<1), and a tall DFT matrix with M>Q for spectral expansion (α>1). The uNOW factor α may be M / Q.

[0040] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, in the transmitter, an output signal s from a modulation module is input to a constellation rotation module. An output signal s' from the constellation rotation module is input to a symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading module. An output signal S' from the symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading module is input to an FDSS module. An output signal from the FDSS module is input to a subcarrier mapping module. An output signal from the subcarrier mapping module is input to an IFFT module. An output signal from the IFFT module is input to a CP insertion module.

[0041] Here, to achieve a favorable PAPR performance, a constellation rotation related to the SE coefficient, i.e., α, is designed. The constellation rotation may have the following characteristics 1) and 2).

[0042] 1) For α=1, we employ π / 4-QPSK combined with FDSS to achieve optimal PAPR performance. Example 1 shown in Figure 6 illustrates the constellation rotation. The black circles are the original constellations, which are rotated stepwise.

[0043] 2) When α>1, the constellation rotation is mod{απ+π / 2,π}-BPSK and mod{απ-π / 4,π / 2}-QPSK. First, the modulation symbols are grouped. Second, the symbol phase within each group is rotated stepwise by mod{απ+π / 2,π}-BPSK and mod{απ-π / 4,π / 2}-QPSK. Third, optimal PAPR performance is achieved in combination with FDSS. Example 2 shown in Figure 6 shows the constellation rotation for 5π / 6-BPSK and π / 12-QPSK when α is 4 / 3. The black circles represent the original constellations, which are rotated stepwise.

[0044] 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of SE in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 shows the correlation between adjacent equalized shaped pulses. As shown in Fig. 7, a design is performed in which the SE coefficient α and constellation rotation are combined to reduce the correlation between adjacent equalized shaped pulses in order to reduce PAPR.

[0045] 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of FDSS in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, in order to further reduce PAPR, FDSS is combined with FDSS to reduce the overlap level of side lobes between equivalent shaped pulses.

[0046] 9 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of SE and FDSS in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, for BPSK, the proposed method can achieve PAPR gains of 0.35 dB and 1.25 dB when α>1 compared with the NR baseline and R18 proposal, respectively.

[0047] 10 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of SE and FDSS in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, for QPSK, the proposed method can achieve a PAPR gain of 0.5 dB compared to the NR baseline when α = 1, and a PAPR gain of 1.7 dB and 0.3 dB compared to the NR baseline and the R18 proposal, respectively, when α > 1.

[0048] As mentioned above, low PAPR requirements should be considered for NTN and high frequency bands (mm-wave / sub-THz).

[0049] FDSS, spectral spreading (SE), and constellation rotation can reduce PAPR. However, when considering SE (and FDSS) combined with existing constellation rotations, e.g., π / 2-BPSK and π / 4-QPSK, there is a PAPR performance loss. Therefore, the combined design of SE (and FDSS) and constellation rotation should be investigated for further PAPR reduction.

[0050] The impact on the specifications is expected to be, for example, new signal generation methods, new constellations, new UE capability definitions and signaling, etc.

[0051] Operation 1) Constellation rotation based on transmit signal processing Operation 1-1) Constellation rotation module design before symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading

[0052] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, in the transmitter, an output signal s from a modulation module is input to a constellation rotation module. An output signal s' from the constellation rotation module is input to a symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading module. An output signal S' from the symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading module is input to an FDSS module. An output signal from the FDSS module is input to a subcarrier mapping module. An output signal from the subcarrier mapping module is input to an IFFT module. An output signal from the IFFT module is input to a CP insertion module. Note that the FDSS module may be optional.

[0053] A constellation rotation module is added between the modulation and the symmetric / asymmetric DFT spreading to achieve the constellation rotation.

[0054] Vector s = [s ０ , s １ , ..., s Ｑ－１ ] Ｔ represents the modulation symbol after modulation and Q is the symbol length.

[0055] Vector s' = [s ０ ',s １ ', ..., s Ｑ－１ '] Ｔ represents the symbols after constellation rotation, and the constellation rotation angle is φ.

[0056] For uNOW α=1 (symmetric DFT spreading), DFT-s-OFDM and / or extended DFT-s-OFDM, etc., φ=π / 2 and φ=π / 4 may be supported for BPSK and QPSK. Note that φ=π / 2-BPSK is already supported in the NR specification. For uNOW α>1 (asymmetric DFT spreading) and / or FDSS+SE, etc., φ=mod{απ+π / 2,π} and φ=mod{απ-π / 4,π / 2} may be supported for BPSK and QPSK, respectively.

[0057] Operation 1-1-1) Stepwise phase rotation φ for all modulation symbols based on constellation rotation angle

[0058] 12 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of constellation rotation in an embodiment of the present invention. The constellation rotation may be performed on a vector s as shown in FIG. 12. The element s included in the vector s′ is ｑ ' is s ｑ '=s ｑ e ｊφ・ｑ , q=0, 1, . . . , Q-1.

[0059] Proposal 1-1-2: Modulation symbols are grouped, and the phase rotation of the modulation symbols is based on the group.

[0060] 13 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of constellation rotation in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the phase rotation φ of modulation symbols in the same group is stepped based on the constellation rotation angle.

[0061] N consecutive modulation symbols are divided into a group. Q modulation symbols are grouped into ceil(Q / N) groups, where N is based on the constellation rotation angle φ, i.e., N is related to the factor α of uNOW.

[0062] In the case of uNOW, α=1, DFT-s-OFDM and / or extended DFT-s-OFDM, etc., for QPSK, φ=π / 4, N=(π / 2) / (π / 4)=2.

[0063] For α>1 in uNOW, and / or FDSS+SE, etc., φ=mod{απ−π / 4, π / 2} may be supported for BPSK and QPSK, respectively.

[0064] BPSK: φ = mod {απ + π / 2, π} = (b / c) π, b < c, b and c are positively interfering and relatively prime. N = (π) / (π / c) = c.

[0065] QPSK: φ = mod{απ - π / 4, π / 2} = (b / c)π, b < c, b and c are positive interference and relatively prime. N = (π / 2) / (π / c) = c / 2.

[0066] As shown in FIG. 13, the symbols {s ｉＮ , s ｉＮ＋１ , ..., s ｉＮ＋Ｎ－１ The phase rotation of the N modulation symbols in the vector s' is given stepwise based on the constellation rotation angle file. ｉＮ＋ｎ ' is s ｉＮ＋ｎ '=s ｉＮ＋ｎ e ｊφ・ｎ , s ｑ It may be expressed as ejφ·(q mod N), i=0, 1, . . . , ceil(Q / N)−1, n=0, 1, . . . , N−1, q=iN+n.

[0067] Operation 1-2) Design a sequence cyclic shift module after symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading to achieve constellation rotation

[0068] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14, in the transmitter, an output signal s from a modulation module is input to a symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading module. An output signal S from the DFT spreading module is input to a sequence cyclic shift module. An output signal S' from the sequence cyclic shift module is input to an FDSS module. An output signal from the FDSS module is input to a subcarrier mapping module. An output signal from the subcarrier mapping module is input to an IFFT module. An output signal from the IFFT module is input to a CP insertion module. Note that the FDSS module may be optional.

[0069] A sequence cyclic shift module is added after symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading to achieve equivalent constellation rotation.

[0070] Vector s = [s ０ , s １ , ..., s Ｑ－１ ] Ｔ represents the modulation symbol after modulation and Q is the symbol length.

[0071] Vector S = [S ０ , S １ , ..., S Ｍ－１ ] Ｔ represents the spread symbol after symmetric or asymmetric DFT spreading, and M is the symbol length. M=Q·α.

[0072] Vector S′=[S ０ ', S １ ', ..., S Ｍ－１ '] Ｔ represents the symbols after the sequence cyclic shift.

[0073] The factor of the normalized sequence cyclic shift is β, and the size of the corresponding cyclic shift is L=β·Q.

[0074] β=φ / (2π)+α−floor(φ / (2π)+α), where α is a factor of uNOW and φ is the constellation rotation angle in operation 1-1).

[0075] For example, α=1, β=1 / 4 for BPSK and β=1 / 8 for QPSK. ｍ ' can be expressed as follows:

[0076] S ｍ '=S （ｍ－Ｌ）ｍｏｄＭ = S （ｍ－βＱ）ｍｏｄＭ , 0≦m≦M−1

[0077] As shown in Equation 1, the phase rotation based on the sequence cyclic shift is equivalent to the constellation rotation in operation 1-1-1).

[0078]

[0079] The application of one of the two constellation rotation methods defined in operation 1-1) and operation 1-2) for DL ​​and / or UL may be predefined in the specification. The application of one of the two constellation rotation methods may be notified to the UE via SIB, RRC signaling, MAC-CE and / or DCI for a specific frequency, scenario, etc.

[0080] Alternatively, the two constellation rotation methods defined in operation 1-1) and operation 1-2) for DL ​​and / or UL may all be predefined in the specification. Which constellation rotation method to apply may be notified to the UE via SIB, RRC signaling, MAC-CE and / or DCI for a specific frequency, scenario, etc.

[0081] Proposal 1-3: Setting and notifying the constellation rotation angle

[0082] Proposal 1-3-1: Explicitly notify the constellation rotation angle

[0083] Option 1: The constellation rotation angle may be defined jointly with the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) table. - Modify the MCS index table and add a new column. - Existing procedures / signaling on MCS in NR can be reused. Option 1-1: The constellation rotation angle and MCS table are defined jointly. Option 1-1-1: Keep the MCS table size unchanged and replace some indices with the constellation rotation angle under a given alpha. Option 1-1-2: Increase the MCS table size by using different constellation rotation angles under different alphas.

[0084] Option 1-2: The constellation rotation angle, the alpha of the uNOW factor, and the MCS table are jointly defined. Option 1-2-1: Keep the MCS table size unchanged and replace some indices with the constellation rotation angle under a given alpha 1. Option 1-2-2: Increase the MCS table size by using different constellation rotation angles under different alphas.

[0085] Option 2: Define a new table for the constellation rotation angle. Option 2-1: Define a new table only for the constellation rotation angle related to the modulation order.

[0086] A new field "PhasenRotationScaling" or "NormalizedShiftScaling" in RRC signaling, MAC-CE and / or DCI may be defined to indicate the constellation rotation angle φ or the normalized sequence cyclic shift factor β. The default value of φ is π / 2 for BPSK and 0 for QPSK. The default value of β is 1 / 4 for BPSK and 0 for QPSK.

[0087] Alternatively, different entries and / or tables may be defined / configured for modulation orders with different target code rates and / or spectral efficiencies (or different ranges of code rates and / or spectral efficiencies), thereby reducing the bit length of the new fields "PhasenRotationScaling" or "NormalizedShiftScaling".

[0088] Option 2-2: A new table may be defined for the joint constellation rotation angle and uNOW coefficient alpha associated with the modulation order.

[0089] A new field "PhaseRotationAlphaScaling" or "NormalizedShiftAlphaScaling" in RRC signaling, MAC-CE and / or DCI may be defined for indication of both the constellation rotation angle φ and the uNOW factor α, or both the normalized sequence cyclic shift factor β and the uNOW factor α.

[0090] The default value of φ is π / 2 for BPSK and 0 for QPSK.

[0091] The default value of β is 1 / 4 for PSK and 0 for QPSK.

[0092] The default value of α is 1.

[0093] Alternatively, different entries and / or tables may be defined and / or configured for modulation orders with different target code rates and / or spectral efficiencies (or different ranges of code rates / spectral efficiencies), thereby reducing the bit length of the new fields "PhaseRotationAlphaScaling" or "NormalizedShiftAlphaScaling".

[0094] Option 3: New parameters and signaling for the constellation rotation angle may be defined.

[0095] The parameters phaseRotation-anglePhi and NormalizedShift-beta may be defined for the phase rotation φ and normalized shift β, respectively.

[0096] The default value of φ is π / 2 for BPSK and 0 for QPSK.

[0097] The default value of β is 1 / 4 for BPSK and 0 for QPSK.

[0098] The relevant parameters may be configured or indicated to the UE by new signaling, which may be, for example, SIB, DCI, RRC signaling and / or MAC-CE.

[0099] Action 1-3-2: The constellation rotation angle is implicitly related to the uNOW coefficient α

[0100] For systems configured with a uNOW factor α, the constellation rotation may be calculated based on α. ​​For systems not configured with a uNOW factor α, the constellation rotation may be 0.

[0101] Define the relationship between the phase rotation and / or normalization shift and the uNOW coefficient alpha.

[0102] When α=1, φ=π / 2, β=1 / 4, φ=π / 4, β=1 / 8 correspond to BPSK and QPSK, respectively.

[0103] For α>1, φ=mod{απ+π / 2,π} and φ=mod{απ-π / 4,π / 2} correspond to BPSK and QPSK, respectively, and β=φ / 2π+α-floor(φ / 2π+α) corresponds to both BPSK and QPSK.

[0104] Operation 1-4) Constellation rotation pattern configuration and notification

[0105] Option 1: Any of SIB, RRC signaling, MAC-CE and / or DCI, etc. can be used for signaling. If signaling is not configured, no grouping is applied as default.

[0106] Option 2: The information notified to the UE may be one or more of the following: Option 2-1: Only N is notified. Option 2-1-1: If N=Q, grouping is not applied (e.g., operation 1-1-1). Option 2-1-2: If N<Q, grouping is applied (e.g., operation 1-1-2). Option 2-2: Only ceil(Q / N) is notified. Option 2-2-1: If ceil(Q / N)=1, grouping is not applied (e.g., operation 1-1-1). Option 2-2-2: If ceil(Q / N)>1, grouping is applied (e.g., operation 1-1-2).

[0107] An example of operation 1-3-1 is shown below.

[0108] Option 1-1-1: Keep the MCS table size unchanged and replace some indices with constellation rotations under a given α. Table 1 shows an example.

[0109]

[0110] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0111] Option 1-1-2: Increase the MCS table size by using different constellation rotations under different α. Examples are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0115] Option 1-2-1: Keep the MCS table size unchanged and replace some indices with constellation rotations under a given α. An example is shown in Table 4.

[0116]

[0117] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0118] Option 1-2-2: Increase the MCS table size by using different constellation rotations under different α. Examples are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0122] An example of operation 1-3-2 is shown below.

[0123] Option 2-1: Define a new table for the constellation rotation related to the modulation order. An example is shown in Table 7.

[0124]

[0125] Table 7(A) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK. Table 7(B) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK with coding rates less than 100 / 1024. Table 7(C) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK with coding rates less than 100 / 1024.

[0126] Table 7(D) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK. Table 7(E) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK with coding rates less than 193 / 1024. Table 7(C) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK with coding rates less than 193 / 1024.

[0127] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0128] Option 2-2: Define a new table in which the constellation rotation and the uNOW coefficient α are combined. An example is shown in Table 8.

[0129]

[0130] Table 8(A) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK. Table 8(B) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK with coding rates less than 100 / 1024. Table 8(C) is a new table of constellation rotations for BPSK with coding rates less than 100 / 1024.

[0131] Table 8(D) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK. Table 8(E) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK with coding rates less than 193 / 1024. Table 8(C) is a new table of constellation rotations for QPSK with coding rates less than 193 / 1024.

[0132] Note that either the phase rotation φ or the normalized shift β may be notified, or both may be notified.

[0133] Operation 2) Constellation rotation is defined based on the new constellation Operation 2-1) Design a new modulation constellation Operation 2-1-1) Design a new modulation constellation for BPSK

[0134] Based on conventional BPSK modulation, (N-1) symbols are inserted between adjacent BPSK modulation symbols with equal phase intervals of π / N, and the coefficient of each inserted symbol is one.

[0135] When the uNOW coefficient α=1, ie, in the case of legacy DFT-s-OFDM, N=2, ie, π / 2-BPSK in the NR specification.

[0136] If the uNOW factor α>1, then the constellation rotation angle φ=mod{απ+π / 2,π}=(b / c)π, b<c, N=π / (π / c)=c, N is related to the uNOW factor α, where b and c are positive interferences and relatively prime.

[0137] 15 is a diagram for explaining a constellation example (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an example where α=1 and an example where α=4 / 3.

[0138] Operation 2-1-2) New modulation constellation design for QPSK

[0139] Based on conventional QPSK modulation, (N-1) symbols are inserted between adjacent QPSK modulation symbols with equal phase intervals of π / (2N), and the coefficient of each inserted symbol is 1.

[0140] When the uNOW coefficient α=1, ie, in the case of legacy DFT-s-OFDM, N=2, ie, π / 4-QPSK in the NR specification.

[0141] If the uNOW coefficient α>1, then the constellation rotation angle φ=mod{απ−π / 4,π / 2}=(b / c)π, b<c, N=(π / 2) / (π / c)=2c, where N is related to the uNOW coefficient α, and b and c are positive interferences and relatively prime.

[0142] 16 is a diagram for explaining a constellation example (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an example where α=1 and an example where α=4 / 3.

[0143] Operation 2-2) Modulation mapping (bit-to-symbol mapping) design Operation 2-2-1) Modulation mapping for new BPSK modulation constellation

[0144] For uNOW factor α>1, constellation rotation angle φ=mod{απ+π / 2,π} may be supported for BPSK.

[0145] Option 1: Stepwise Phase Rotation without Symbol Grouping Bits b(i) are mapped to complex modulation symbols d(i) according to equation (2).

[0146]

[0147] Option 2: Stepwise Phase Rotation with Symbol Grouping: N adjacent symbols are divided into a group and phase rotation is applied stepwise within the group. Bit b(i) is mapped to a complex modulation symbol d(i) according to equation (3).

[0148]

[0149] Table 9 shows an example of a bit-to-symbol mapping table for (5 / 6)π-BPSK, where α=4 / 3 and N=(π / (π / 6))=6.

[0150]

[0151] Operation 2-2-2) Modulation mapping for new QPSK modulation constellation

[0152] For uNOW factor α=1, a constellation rotation angle φ=π / 4 may be supported for QPSK.

[0153] For uNOW factor α>1, constellation rotation angles φ=mod{απ−π / 4, π / 2} may be supported for QPSK.

[0154] Option 1: Stepwise Phase Rotation without Symbol Grouping Bits b(i) are mapped to complex modulation symbols d(i) according to equation (4).

[0155]

[0156] Option 2: Stepwise Phase Rotation with Symbol Grouping: N adjacent symbols are divided into a group and stepwise phase rotation is applied within the group. Bit b(i) is mapped to a complex modulation symbol d(i) according to equation (5).

[0157]

[0158] Table 10 shows an example of a bit-to-symbol mapping table for π / 4-QPSK, where α=1 and N=2.

[0159]

[0160] Table 11 shows an example of a bit-to-symbol mapping table for π / 12-QPSK, where α=4 / 3 and N=(π / 2) / (π / 12)=6.

[0161]

[0162] Operation 2-3) Constellation rotation for adaptive modulation and MCS table design for related signaling

[0163] To meet more application scenarios and requirements, an MCS table should be designed that includes constellations with low PAPR.

[0164] Action 2-3-1) Design an MCS table with a rotated constellation

[0165] The new constellation in act 2-1) is set in the MCS table with a low PAPR. For simplicity, the constellation with α>1 in act 2-1) is called "rotated" in act 2-3-1) without loss of generality.

[0166] To reduce signaling overhead, in the MCS table design of operation 2-3-1), only rotated constellations for some values ​​of α are set. For example, rotated constellations designed for α=1 or 4 / 3 are defined in the MCS table for option 1. For example, rotated constellations designed for α=1, 4 / 3, and 6 / 5 are defined in the MCS tables for option 2 and option 3.

[0167] Option 1: Replace some MCSs in the NR MCS table with new rotated constellations.

[0168] Option 1 provides an MCS table with constellations for non-linear PA. The size of the MCS table and the signaling overhead for MCS remain unchanged.

[0169] Replace some MCS with PSK in the original NR standard with the new rotated constellation in operation 2-1).

[0170] Option 1-1: Only QPSK modulation is replaced with π / 4-QPSK in the MCS table.

[0171] Option 1-2: Because the number of MCSs to be replaced by new constellations is small, both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by rotated constellations designed for only one uNOW coefficient in the MCS table. For example, the uNOW coefficient α is set to 4 / 3, which is equivalent to 0.25 Spectral Extension (SE) as defined in R18.

[0172] Option 1-3: Partial indices with BPSK and / or QPSK in the conventional MCS table are replaced by newly designed rotated constellations of BPSK and QPSK, i.e., the uNOW factor α is obtained by explicit UE feedback instead of MCS signaling.

[0173] Options 1-3 provide a modulation scheme compatible with non-linear PA in the MCS table. The overhead related to MCS and MCS signaling remains unchanged.

[0174] Table 12 shows an example of option 1-1 where only QPSK modulation is replaced with π / 4-QPSK in the MCS table.

[0175]

[0176] Table 13 shows an example of Option 1-2 where both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by rotated constellations designed for only one uNOW coefficient in the MCS table, due to the small number of MCSs replaced by the new constellations.

[0177]

[0178] Table 14 shows examples of Options 1-3 where partial indices with BPSK and / or QPSK in the conventional MCS table are replaced by the newly designed rotated constellations of BPSK and QPSK.

[0179]

[0180] Option 2: Add a new MCS with a rotated constellation to the NR MCS table.

[0181] Option 2 adds an MCS with constellation rotation while keeping the original MCS.

[0182] Add some MCSs with rotated constellations of action 2-1) to the existing MCS table in NR.

[0183] Option 2-1: Since there are more MCSs, constellations designed for two or three uNOW coefficients α can be added to the MCS table of Option 2.

[0184] BPSK rotated for α=4 / 3 is added, or BPSK rotated for α=6 / 5 is added.

[0185] For α=4 / 3, π / 4-QPSK and rotated QPSK are added, or for α=6 / 5, π / 4-QPSK and rotated QPSK are added.

[0186] Option 2-2: Different uNOW coefficients α can be set for constellations with different modulation orders.

[0187] Rotated BPSK is added for α=6 / 5. Rotated QPSK is added for α=4 / 3 and α6 / 5. Option 2-2 adds an MCS with a lower PAPR constellation while keeping the original MCS.

[0188] Table 15 shows an example of Option 2-1, which adds constellations designed for two or three uNOW factors α to the MCS table of Option 2, due to the larger number of MCSs.

[0189]

[0190] Table 16 shows an example of Option 2-2, which sets different uNOW coefficients α for constellations with different modulation orders.

[0191]

[0192] Option 3: Design a new MCS table for the rotated constellation: Design a new MCS table based on the newly designed rotated constellation associated with the uNOW factor α.

[0193] The MCS index includes rotated BPSK, the MCS index includes π / 4-QPSK, and the MCS index includes rotated QPSK.

[0194] Option 3 provides an MCS table with a low-PAPR modulation scheme. A set of multiple MCS tables can be designed, allowing for flexible selection of different MCS tables and adjusting the cost of MCS indication.

[0195] Tables 17, 18 and 19 show examples of Option 3 for designing new MCS tables based on newly designed rotated constellations associated with the uNOW coefficient α.

[0196]

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] Table 17 corresponds to the case where α = 1. Table 18 corresponds to the case where α = 6 / 5. Table 19 corresponds to the case where α = 4 / 3.

[0200] Action 2-3-2) Design an MCS table with rotated constellation and uNOW coefficient α.

[0201] The new constellation in act 2-1) is set in the MCS table with low PAPR. For convenience, the constellation with α>1 in act 2-1) is named "rotated" in act 2-3-2) without loss of generality.

[0202] To reduce signaling overhead, only constellations designed for some values ​​of alpha are set in the MCS table design in operation 2-3-2).

[0203] For example, rotated constellations designed for α=1 or 4 / 3 and / or 6 / 5 are defined in the MCS table for Option 1. For example, rotated constellations designed for α=1 and 4 / 3 and 6 / 5 are defined in the MCS tables for Option 2 and Option 3.

[0204] Option 1: Keep the NR MCS table size unchanged and replace some MCSs with new rotated constellations and alphas.

[0205] Replace some MCS with PSK in the original NR standard with the new rotated constellation in operation 2-1).

[0206] Option 1-1: Only QPSK modulation is replaced by π / 4-QPSK in the MCS table with α=1.

[0207] Option 1-2: Due to the small number of MCSs to be replaced by new constellations, both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by the designed rotated constellations for only one same uNOW coefficient α in the MCS table.

[0208] For example, the uNOW coefficient α is set to 4 / 3, which is equal to 0.25 spectral extension (SE) as defined in R18.

[0209] Option 1-3: Because the number of MCSs to be replaced by new constellations is small, both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by the designed rotated constellations for different uNOW coefficients in the MCS table.

[0210] Option 1 provides the modulation scheme for the non-linear PA in the MCS table, and the total MCS and MCS indication overhead remains unchanged.

[0211] Table 20 shows an example of option 1-1 where only QPSK modulation is replaced by π / 4-QPSK in the MCS table with α=1.

[0212]

[0213] Table 21 shows an example of Option 1-2 in which both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by the designed rotated constellations for only one same uNOW coefficient α in the MCS table.

[0214]

[0215] Table 22 shows examples of options 1-3 in which both BPSK and QPSK modulations are replaced by designed rotated constellations for different uNOW coefficients in the MCS table.

[0216]

[0217] Option 2: Add a new MCS with the rotated constellation and α to the NR MCS table.

[0218] Add some MCSs with rotated constellations of action 2-1) to the existing MCS table in NR.

[0219] Option 2-1: Since there are more MCSs, constellations designed for two or three uNOW coefficients α can be added to the MCS table of Option 2.

[0220] Rotated BPSK for α=4 / 3 is added, or rotated BPSK for α=6 / 5 is added.

[0221] π / 4-QPSK and rotated-QPSK for α=4 / 3 are added, or π / 4-QPSK and rotated-QPSK for α=6 / 5 are added.

[0222] Option 2-2: Different uNOW coefficients α can be set for constellations with different modulation orders.

[0223] Rotated BPSK for α=6 / 5 is added. Rotated QPSK for α=4 / 3 and α=6 / 5 is added.

[0224] Option 2 keeps the original MCS but adds an MCS with a lower PAPR constellation.

[0225] Table 23 shows an example of Option 2-1, which adds constellations designed for two or three uNOW coefficients α to the MCS table of Option 2.

[0226]

[0227] Table 24 shows an example of Option 2-2, which sets different uNOW coefficients α for constellations with different modulation orders.

[0228]

[0229] Option 3: Design a new MCS table for the rotated constellation and alpha.

[0230] Based on the newly designed rotated constellation and alpha, a new MCS table is designed.

[0231] The MCS index includes rotated BPSK, the MCS index includes π / 4-QPSK, and the MCS index includes rotated QPSK.

[0232] Option 3 provides an MCS table with a low-PAPR modulation scheme. A set of multiple MCS tables can be designed, allowing for flexible selection of different MCS tables and adjusting the cost of MCS indication.

[0233] Tables 25, 26 and 27 show examples of Option 3 for designing new MCS tables for rotated constellations and alpha.

[0234]

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] Operation 2-3-3) Related signaling design for use of multiple MCS tables

[0238] Option 1: When all MCS tables are replaced with newly designed MCS tables (e.g., the MCS tables of Option 1 and Option 2 in Operation 2-3-1 and Operation 2-3-2), the conventional MCS indication method and field (e.g., I of NR) are used. ＭＣＳ ) or any new signaling related to MCS indication in future systems can be reused.

[0239] Option 2: When a newly designed MCS table (e.g., the MCS tables of Option 1, Option 2, and Option 3 in Action 2-3-1 and Action 2-3-2) is added to the specification, the following indication method may be used.

[0240] Option 2-1: New signaling I to indicate whether to use an MCS table with a rotated constellation ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ Add Signaling I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ may be higher layer or physical layer signaling, for example RRC signaling, MAC-CE, UCI or DCI, etc.

[0241] Alt. 1 for DL: The UE reports and / or performs feedback to the BS whether to use an MCS table with a rotated constellation and / or the MCS index for downlink transmission.

[0242] The BS may provide an indication via a new RRC parameter whether to use an MCS table with a rotated constellation (I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ) is configured to report.

[0243] The UE is ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ and / or the MCS index of the rotated constellation (I ＭＣＳ If an MCS indication for a rotated constellation is required, the UE shall report or provide I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ = 1, otherwise I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ = 0. ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ is transmitted via signaling such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE or UCI, or via legacy CQI feedback (i.e., I ＭＣＳ Information may be reported along with the ＭＣＳ is fed back via existing signaling.

[0244] The BS may then generate the necessary MCS table and I in response to the terminal's report and / or feedback. ＭＣＳ If the UE is I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ If UE reports Q = 1, then the UE ｍ ) and target coding rate (R), the rotated constellation and I reported by the UE or indicated by the BS are used to determine ＭＣＳ Otherwise, the UE shall use the conventional MCS table (i.e., without a rotated constellation) and the MCS table with I ＭＣＳ (reported by the UE or indicated by the BS) to determine the modulation order (Q ｍ ) and the target coding rate (R).

[0245] Alt. 2 for DL: The BS actively indicates whether to use an MCS table with a rotated constellation with or without assistance information reporting and / or feedback from the UE.

[0246] The BS notifies the I through signaling such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE or DCI. ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ and transmits I via existing signaling. ＭＣＳ Send.

[0247] BS is Iｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ If the UE notifies the modulation order (Q ｍ ) and the target code rate (R), ＭＣＳ Otherwise, the UE shall use the conventional MCS table (i.e., without a rotated constellation) and the MCS table with I ＭＣＳ Using the modulation order (Q ｍ ) and the target coding rate (R).

[0248] When reporting and / or feeding back UE assistance information, new RRC signaling, such as MAC-CE or UCI, may be defined to report and / or feed back the waveform and / or MCS table indication and MCS index used on the UE side.

[0249] The waveform has a uNOW coefficient α=1, and / or is DFT-s-OFDM, extended DFT-s-OFDM, null cyclic prefix (NCP) / unique word (UW) DFT-s-OFDM, single carrier, OFDM, etc., and / or I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ If =0, select a new MCS table that contains only conventional MCS or π / 4-QPSK.

[0250] The waveform has a uNOW coefficient α>1, and / or FDSS+SE, etc., and / or I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ = 1, select the MCS table with the "Rotated" constellation.

[0251] Alt. 1 for UL: The BS informs the UE of the MCS for uplink transmission with or without UE assistance information reporting and / or feedback.

[0252] The base station notifies the I through signaling such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE or DCI. ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ and transmits I via existing signaling. ＭＣＳ gNB sends I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ If Q = 1, the UE ｍ) and the target code rate (R), ＭＣＳ Otherwise, the UE shall use a conventional modulation and coding table (i.e., no rotated constellation) and an MCS table with I ＭＣＳ Using the modulation order (Q ｍ ) and the target coding rate (R).

[0253] When UE assistance information feedback is performed, new RRC signaling, such as MAC-CE or UCI, may be used to report and / or feed back the waveform and / or MCS table indication and MCS index used on the UE side.

[0254] The waveform has a uNOW coefficient α=1, and / or DFT-s-OFDM, extended DFT-s-OFDM, null cyclic prefix (NCP) or unique word (UW) DFT-s-OFDM, single carrier, OFDM, etc., and / or I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ If =0, select a new MCS table that contains only conventional MCS or π / 4-QPSK.

[0255] The waveform has a uNOW coefficient α>1, and / or FDSS+SE, etc., and / or I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ = 1, select the MCS table with the "Rotated" constellation.

[0256] Alt. 2 for UL: The UE actively selects the MCS for uplink transmission.

[0257] The UE selects whether to use the MCS table for PA nonlinearity based on the waveform.

[0258] If the waveform has a uNOW coefficient α=1, and / or is DFT-s-OFDM, extended DFT-s-OFDM, null cyclic prefix (NCP) or unique word (UW) DFT-s-OFDM, single carrier, OFDM, etc., select a new MCS table that contains only conventional MCS or π / 4-QPSK, and select I ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ Set =0.

[0259] If the waveform has a uNOW coefficient α>1, and / or FDSS+SE, etc., select an MCS table with a "rotated" constellation, and ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ Set =1.

[0260] The UE receives the I / F via signaling such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or UCI. ｆｌａｇ，Ｒｏｔａｔｅｄ and I ＭＣＳ is transmitted to the BS.

[0261] Option 2-2: The MCS selection method and signaling definition method in the existing 3GPP TS 36.211 or future systems may be reused. New signaling regarding whether to use an MCS table with a rotated constellation is added. The signaling may be in a higher layer or a physical layer, such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, or UCI.

[0262] Alt. 1: Signaling may be explicitly related to the waveform used. For example, downlink transmission: the process of section 5.1.3.1 of 3GPP TS 36.210.2 may be reused. When mcs-TableDCI-1-2 is set to uNOWalpha or fdssSE, an MCS table with a "rotated" constellation is used. The UE ＭＣＳ Using the MCS table with rotated constellations for and, the modulation order (Q ｍ ) and the target coding rate (R).

[0263] Uplink transmission: Add higher layer parameter ifalpha or ifSE. When ifalpha or ifSE=1, select the MCS table with the "rotated" constellation in PUSCH.

[0264] Alt. 2: Signaling is implicitly related to the uNOW factor α. For systems configured with α>1, a newly designed MCS table with a "rotated" constellation should be used. Otherwise, an existing MCS table or a new MCS table containing only π / 4-QPSK can be used.

[0265] Action 3) Define UE capabilities to support the proposed signal processing method and rotated constellations.

[0266] Action 3-1) Define UE capabilities for transmission and reception of the proposed signal processing method. Action 3-2) Define UE capabilities for transmission and reception of the rotated constellation. Action 3-3) Define UE capabilities for transmission and reception of the new MCS table. Action 3-4) Define UE capabilities for transmission and reception and define a new table for constellation rotation. Action 3-5) The UE capabilities should be reported to the BS via UE capability signaling. For example, the UE capability signaling can be RRC signaling, MAC-CE, UCI, etc.

[0267] The UE capabilities may be the same or different in different frequency bands. The UE shall report the UE capabilities for different frequency bands jointly or separately.

[0268] According to the above-described embodiment, the PAPR can be reduced by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation.

[0269] That is, in a wireless communication system, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal.

[0270] (Device Configuration) Next, a functional configuration example of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above will be described. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 include functions for implementing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0271] <Base Station 10> Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 17, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 17 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any names as long as they can perform the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0272] The transmitter 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 side and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The transmitter 110 also transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiver 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc. to the terminal 20. The receiver 120 also receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0273] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information relating to the settings of waveforms and transmission methods.

[0274] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 140 controls the setting of the waveform and transmission method. The control unit 140 also executes scheduling. The functional unit in the control unit 140 related to signal transmission may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the functional unit in the control unit 140 related to signal reception may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0275] <Terminal 20> Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 18, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 18 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0276] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 wirelessly receives various signals and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, and the like transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 210 transmits a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), and the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 220 receives the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH, and the like, from the other terminal 20.

[0277] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The setting information includes, for example, information related to the setting of the waveform and transmission method.

[0278] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 controls the setting of the waveform and transmission method. The functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0279] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 17 and 18) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0280] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0281] For example, the base station 10, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0282] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0283] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0284] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0285] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 17 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 18 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0286] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0287] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0288] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0289] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0290] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0291] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0292] Fig. 20 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 20, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0293] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0294] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0295] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a front or rear wheel rotation speed signal obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, a front or rear wheel air pressure signal obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0296] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0297] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0298] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0299] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0300] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0301] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0302] Summary of the Embodiments As described above, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a terminal having a controller that applies a spectral expansion coefficient and further applies a constellation rotation associated with the spectral expansion coefficient to generate a signal, and a transmitter that transmits the signal to a base station.

[0303] With the above configuration, by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0304] The spectral expansion coefficient may be a value having the number of inputs of an asymmetric Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading module as the numerator and the number of outputs of the asymmetric DFT spreading module as the denominator. With this configuration, the PAPR can be reduced by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation.

[0305] The control unit may apply a phase rotation to the constellation of all modulated symbols in a stepwise manner in the time domain. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation.

[0306] The control unit may perform constellation rotation by applying a cyclic shift to the signal after asymmetric Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation.

[0307] The control unit may acquire a phase rotation amount or a cyclic shift amount for performing constellation rotation based on an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation.

[0308] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a communication method in which a terminal performs the steps of applying a spectral expansion coefficient and further applying a constellation rotation associated with the spectral expansion coefficient to generate a signal, and transmitting the signal to a base station.

[0309] With the above configuration, by transmitting or receiving a signal with a rotated constellation, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0310] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0311] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0312] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of systems using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (New Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems enhanced based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) may also be applied.

[0313] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0314] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0315] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0316] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0317] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0318] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0319] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0320] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0321] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0322] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0323] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0324] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0325] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0326] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0327] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0328] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0329] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0330] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0331] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0332] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0333] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0334] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0335] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0336] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0337] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0338] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0339] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0340] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0341] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0342] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0343] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0344] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0345] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0346] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0347] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0348] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0349] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0350] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0351] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.

[0352] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0353] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0354] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0355] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0356] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0357] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0358] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0359] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0360] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0361] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0362] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0363] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Controller 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Controller 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a control unit that applies a spectral expansion factor and further applies a constellation rotation associated with said spectral expansion factor to generate a signal; and a transmission unit that transmits said signal to a base station.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the spectral spreading coefficient is a value having the number of inputs of an asymmetric DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) spreading module as the numerator and the number of outputs as the denominator.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit applies a phase rotation to the constellation of all modulated symbols in a stepwise manner in the time domain.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs constellation rotation by applying a cyclic shift to the signal after asymmetric DFT (Discrete Fourier transform) spreading.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit acquires the amount of phase rotation or cyclic shift for performing constellation rotation based on an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index.

6. A communication method in which a terminal performs the steps of: applying a spectral expansion factor and further applying a constellation rotation associated with said spectral expansion factor to generate a signal; and transmitting said signal to a base station.

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