Criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristic information for virtual communication resources
AI/ML models predict channel characteristics for virtual communication resources, optimizing beam selection in wireless systems by reducing resource waste and improving efficiency and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/082105
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently selecting beam pairs due to impractical search times and ultra-low latency requirements, particularly in complex and dynamic environments, leading to inefficiencies in resource usage and potential inaccuracies in beam selection.
Implementing prediction techniques, such as artificial intelligence/machine learning models, to predict channel characteristics for virtual communication resources, and introducing criteria-based reporting of these predictions to optimize beam selection, reducing unnecessary resource expenditure and improving accuracy.
Enhances wireless communication performance by reducing latency, increasing throughput, and conserving power through efficient beam pair selection based on criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristics.
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Figure CN2024082105_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CRITERIA-BASED REPORTING OF PREDICTED CHANNEL CHARACTERISTIC INFORMATION FOR VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION RESOURCES
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for channel characteristic reporting.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0006] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0007] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes receiving one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; and sending, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources, the set of channel characteristics based on the received one or more reference signals; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0008] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes sending one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; and receiving, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0009] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0010] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0014] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0015] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management.
[0017] FIG. 6 depicts example beam management procedures.
[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates example beam prediction by a UE.
[0019] FIG. 8 depicts a process flow for communications in a network.
[0020] FIG. 9 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0021] FIG. 10 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0022] FIG. 11 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0023] FIG. 12 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristic information for virtual communication resources.
[0025] Beam management is an important aspect of different generation wireless networks that enables the steering of directional beams to improve the efficiency and reliability of wireless communication. In particular, efficient and reliable communication is achieved through a combination of techniques such as beamforming (e.g., a technique that uses amplitude weighting and / or phase shift patterns across multiple antennas to focus transmission or reception of wireless signals in a particular spatial direction referred to as a beam) , beam selection (e.g., the process of selecting a beam pair to use for communication between a transmitter and receiver) , etc. Such techniques are critical to achieving the high data rates, low latency, and / or high reliability that different generation wireless technologies, such as 5G, 5G-Advanced, and 6G, promise to deliver.
[0026] Some methods of beam selection include search methods used to identify one or more beam pairs for communication. A beam pair includes a transmit beam used by a transmitter device to transmit a signal to a receiver device, and a receive beam used by the receiver device to receive the signal. For example, for downlink communication between a UE and a network entity, a beam pair includes a transmit beam (also referred to as a downlink transmit beam) used by the network entity to transmit signals to the UE, and a receive beam (also referred to as a downlink receive beam) used by the UE to receive the signals. In another example, for uplink communication between a UE and a network entity, a beam pair includes a transmit beam (also referred to as an uplink transmit beam) used by the UE to transmit signals to the network entity, and a receive beam (also referred to as an uplink receive beam) used by the network entity to receive the signals.
[0027] In certain aspects, as part of beam selection, a UE may measure one or more reference signals (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) (CSI-RS) , synchronization signal block (SSB) , etc. ) transmitted by a network entity in a set of communication resources. A “set” as discussed herein may include one or more elements. Accordingly, a set of communication resources includes one or more communication resources. Further, as used herein, a “subset” includes all or less than all elements of the “set. ” Each communication resource of the set of communication resources may refer to one or more time-frequency resources. The network entity may transmit a reference signal in a given communication resource using a given transmit beam of the network entity. The UE may receive the reference signal in the given communication resource using a given receive beam of the UE. The UE may measure the received reference signal to determine one or more channel characteristics (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) , signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) (e.g., L1-SINR) , reference signal received power (RSRP) (e.g., L1-RSRP) , channel state information (CSI) , channel gain, etc. ) associated with the communication resource, including the beam pair of the transmit beam of the network entity and the receive beam of the UE. In certain aspects, the network entity and UE may utilize different beam pairs for communication of different reference signals on different communication resources, such that the UE can measure channel characteristics associated with different beam pairs. Measuring a communication resource may refer to measuring one or more reference signals communicated on the communication resource.
[0028] The UE may be configured to send, to the network entity, a report (e.g., CSI report, uplink (UL) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , etc. ) based on the measured channel characteristic (s) , which may aid in beam pair selection, such that the UE and the network entity use a selected beam pair for communication (e.g., data communication such as on an uplink channel (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , etc. ) and / or downlink channel (e.g., physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , etc. ) . For example, the UE may be configured to indicate in the report channel characteristic information. The channel characteristic information may include one or more channel characteristics associated with one or more communication resources for which the UE measures one or more reference signals (e.g., along with identifiers of the one or more communication resources) , such as for: all communication resources the UE measures one or more reference signals (e.g., within a time period, such as temporal occasion, such as measurement cycle) ; any communication resources for which the channel characteristic associated with the communication resource satisfies a threshold (e.g., within a time period) ; or a subset of communication resources for which the UE measures one or more reference signals (e.g., within a time period) , such as the communication resources associated with the X top or best (e.g., best channel quality, such as highest RSRP, highest SNR, highest SINR, lowest noise, etc. ) channel characteristics among the measured communication resources (e.g., within a time period) . In another example, the channel characteristic information may include a subset of communication resources for which the UE measures one or more reference signals (e.g., within a time period) , such as the communication resources associated with the X top or best (e.g., best channel quality, such as highest RSRP, highest SNR, highest SINR, lowest noise, etc. ) channel characteristics among the measured communication resources (e.g., within a time period) , also referred to as top-K resources. For example, the UE may not indicate the channel characteristic (s) themselves, but rather just the subset of communication resources.
[0029] In certain aspects, the network entity may utilize the report to select a beam pair for communication, such as one having suitable channel characteristic (s) . For example, the network entity may report selection of a particular communication resource associated with the beam pair to the UE. The UE may utilize a receive beam used to measure the reference signal on the communication resource for communication with the network entity, and the network entity may use a transmit beam used to send the reference signal on the communication resource for communication with the UE.
[0030] In certain aspects, communicating and measuring a large number of reference signals on a large number of communication resources may become impractical, for example due to both: (1) the exponentially increasing search time (and resources required) as a number of beams and / or radiation patterns increases and (2) the ultra-low latency requirements (e.g., requirements to process a very high volume of data packets with an extraordinarily low tolerance for delay) , for example, which are expected in 5G, 5G-Advanced, and 6G networks.
[0031] A technical solution to the aforementioned technical problems is to introduce the use of prediction techniques, such as based on artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) techniques, in beam management, and more specifically, beam selection procedures. In particular, with the help of prediction techniques, beam pair selection may be performed more efficiently. For example, prediction-aided beam pair selection may be performed using ML models trained to predict channel characteristics for one or more beams or beam pairs (as opposed to individually searching / measuring each transmit / receive beam pair) .
[0032] Aspects herein focus on cases for predicting (e.g., using ML model (s) , statistics, etc. ) channel characteristics for virtual communication resources based on measurements associated with actual communication resources. A virtual communication resource may refer to a time-frequency resource for which the UE predicts a channel characteristic for the virtual communication resource, but the network entity does not actually transmit a reference signal to the UE in the virtual communication resource, and the UE does not actually obtain and measure a reference signal in the virtual communication resource. Rather, the UE may measure one or more reference signals in one or more communication resources to determine actual one or more channel characteristics for the one or more communication resources, and then predict one or more predicted channel characteristics for one or more virtual communication resources based on the actual one or more channel characteristics for the one or more communication resources. In certain aspects, the type of measured channel characteristic is the same as the type of predicted channel characteristic, such as measuring RSRP to predict RSRP. In certain aspects, the type of measured channel characteristic is the different than the type of predicted channel characteristic, such as measuring RSRP to predict SINR. Predicting a channel characteristic for a virtual communication resource may be referred to as predicting the virtual communication resource. A virtual communication resource may be associated with a transmit beam of a network entity, such that for the sake of prediction, it is assumed a reference signal would be transmitted in the virtual communication resource using such a transmit beam. Similarly, a virtual communication resource may be associated with a receive beam of a UE, such that for the sake of prediction, it is assumed a reference signal would be obtained and measured in the virtual communication resource using such a receive beam.
[0033] In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on measurement of a communication resource in a same temporal occasion (e.g., prediction cycle or measurement cycle) as the virtual communication resource. In certain aspects, the periodicity of a prediction cycle or measurement cycle is associated with (e.g., the same as) a periodicity of a reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS resource periodicity) measured to perform the prediction. In certain aspects, virtual communication resource is predicted based on a mostly recently measured communication resource (e.g., occurring in a latest in time prediction cycle or measurement cycle) associated with the virtual communication resource. For example, periodically occurring communication resources may be associated with a virtual communication resource. In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on measurement of a communication resource in a same frequency range as the virtual communication resource. In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on measurement of a communication resource in a different frequency range than the virtual communication resource.
[0034] For example, an ML model, described herein, may be configured to predict virtual communication resources associated with a set of beams (e.g., referred to as “Set A beams, ” which may correspond to transmit beams) based on measuring one or more reference signals (e.g., associated with another set of beams, referred to as “Set B beams, ” which may correspond to transmit beams) communicated in another set of communication resources.
[0035] While such prediction of virtual communication resources may help with efficiency, reporting predicted channel characteristic information associated with one or more predicted channel characteristics for one or more virtual communication resources may still be resource intensive (e.g., use of communication resources to send the predictions in a report, use of power at the UE and network entity for communication, etc. ) . Further, such reporting associated with one or more predicted channel characteristics for one or more virtual communication resources may not always lead to useful gains in beam selection.
[0036] For example, beam selection may be performed as part of beam refinement procedure (e.g., P2 procedures) , where a UE may predict virtual communication resources associated with transmit beams that cover a relatively narrower spatial area (e.g., referred to as narrow beams) based on measurement of communication resources associated with transmit beams that cover a relatively wider spatial area (e.g., referred to as wide beams) . For example, if the UE is in a geographic area with many signal reflections (e.g., due to buildings with metal, glass, etc. ) then using a narrow beam may not provide communication performance gains over using a wide beam. Therefore, the UE communicating predictions associated with such narrow beams may not provide useful gains.
[0037] As another example, a UE may be configured to send reports associated with one or more predicted channel characteristics for one or more virtual communication resources as CSI reports. Such CSI reporting may be periodic (e.g., persistent or semi-persistent) , or aperiodic. If a UE is always periodically reporting information associated with one or more predicted channel characteristics, it may utilize resources without useful gains in beam selection. Further, it may not be clear when to trigger aperiodic reporting associated with one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0038] Aspects of the present disclosure provide technical solution (s) to overcome the aforementioned technical problem (s) through techniques for criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristic information for virtual communication resources. As an example, a UE may report predicted channel characteristic information (e.g., predicted channel characteristic (s) , identification of one or more virtual communication resources based on predicted channel characteristic (s) , etc. ) for virtual communication resources in response to one or more criteria having been satisfied.
[0039] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria include a criteria that at least one predicted channel characteristic satisfies a threshold difference from an actually measured channel characteristic. For example, the UE may only report a predicted channel characteristic, when it is a threshold “better” (e.g., at least a threshold higher SINR, RSRP, etc. ) than an actually measured channel characteristic. In particular, the UE and network entity may not select a beam pair for communication based on a predicted channel characteristic for a virtual communication resource, when there is an actual channel characteristic measured for a communication resource that is better.
[0040] As another example, the one or more criteria include a criteria that a confidence level associated with the predicted channel characteristic satisfies a confidence threshold (e.g., Y%) . For example, the UE prediction by an ML model may have a confidence score determined by the ML model, indicating how accurate the prediction likely is. Use of an inaccurate or low confidence predicted channel characteristic for beam pair selection may not be useful.
[0041] In certain aspects, a given set of communication resources may occur more than once (e.g., periodically across a plurality of measurement cycles) , where each instance of the set of communication resources is associated with a given measurement cycle. Accordingly, virtual communication resources associated with the set of communication resources may also be predicted across the plurality of measurement cycles. In certain aspects, a criteria is that across a given time window (e.g., corresponding to a number (X) of prediction or measurement cycles) for predicted channel characteristic information for a given virtual communication resource to be reported, a predicted channel characteristic for the given virtual communication resource satisfies a threshold difference from an actually measured channel characteristic for at least N measurement cycles of the time window. For example, channel characteristics may change between measurement cycles, and a temporary change across only one measurement cycle may not be useful for determining a new beam pair only temporarily.
[0042] The technical solution (s) described herein may provide various beneficial effects and / or advantages. The techniques for criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristic information for virtual communication resources described herein may improve wireless communication performance including, for example, increased throughput, reduced latency, reduced power consumption at UEs and / or at network entities. For example, by only sending predicted channel characteristic information when one or more criteria are met, the UE need not expend energy or system resources to inform the network entity of predicted results, particularly when such predicted results do not provide improvements over actually measured channel characteristic information.
[0043] The term “beam” may be used in the present disclosure in various contexts. Beam may be used to mean a set of gains and / or phases (e.g., precoding weights or co-phasing weights) applied to antenna elements in (or associated with) a wireless communication device for transmission or reception. The term “beam” may also refer to an antenna or radiation pattern of a signal transmitted while applying the gains and / or phases to the antenna elements. Other references to beam may include one or more properties or parameters associated with the antenna (or radiation) pattern, such as an angle of arrival (AoA) , an angle of departure (AoD) , a gain, a phase, a directivity, a beam width, a beam direction (with respect to a plane of reference) in terms of azimuth and / or elevation, a peak-to-side-lobe ratio, and / or an antenna (or precoding) port associated with the antenna (radiation) pattern. The term “beam” may also refer to an associated number and / or configuration of antenna elements (e.g., a uniform linear array, a uniform rectangular array, or other uniform array) .
[0044] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0045] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0046] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0047] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) , such as satellite 140 and / or aerial or spaceborne platform (s) , which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.
[0048] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0049] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, data centers, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0050] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0051] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0052] Generally, a cell may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communication network. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0053] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0054] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0055] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24, 250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24, 250 MHz –52, 600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52, 600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0056] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0057] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182”. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182”. BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0058] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0059] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0060] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0061] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0062] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0063] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0064] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0065] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0066] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0067] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0068] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0069] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0070] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0071] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0072] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0073] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0074] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0075] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0076] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 318, 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Note that the BS 102 may have a disaggregated architecture as described herein with respect to FIG. 2.
[0077] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, 370, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0078] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0079] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0080] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0081] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0082] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0083] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0084] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0085] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0086] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0087] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0088] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0089] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0090] In various aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI-based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., non-line of sight positioning prediction) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0091] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0092] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0093] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0094] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0095] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0096] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology, which may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration as further described herein. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, the extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, e.g., numerology 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As an example, the numerology μ=0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0097] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0098] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0099] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0100] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0101] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0102] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) , and in some cases, referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0103] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0104] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0105] Aspects Related to Beam Management
[0106] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations 500 for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management. As shown, at block 502, a UE may initially be in an RRC idle state (or an RRC inactivate state) . An RRC idle state refers to a state of a UE where the UE is switched on but does not have any established RRC connection (e.g., an assigned communication link) to the RAN. The RRC idle state allows the UE to reduce battery power consumption, for example, relative to an RRC connected state. For example, in the RRC idle state, the UE may periodically monitor for paging from the RAN. The UE may be in an RRC idle state when the UE does not have data to be transmitted or received. In an RRC connected state, the UE is connected to the RAN and radio resources are allocated to the UE. In some cases, the UE is actively communicating with the RAN when in the RRC connected state.
[0107] In order to perform data transfer and / or make / receive calls, the UE establishes a connection with the RAN using an initial access procedure, at block 504. For example, the UE establishes a connection to a particular serving cell of the RAN. The initial access procedure is a sequence of processes performed between the UE and the RAN to establish the RRC connection. For example, the UE may initiate a random access procedure that includes an RRC setup request or an RRC connection request. The UE may be in an RRC connected state subsequent to establishing the connection.
[0108] In some cases, the UE may perform beam management operations at block 506 in response to entering the RRC connected state. Beam management operations includes a set of operations used to determine certain receive beam (s) and / or transmit beams that can be used wireless communications (e.g., transmission and / or reception at the UE) . The beam management may include certain P1, P2, and / or P3 beam management procedures further described herein.
[0109] Beam management procedures may further include beam failure detection operations at block 508 and beam failure recovery operations at block 510. For example, a UE may detect a beam failure when a layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) for a connected beam falls below a certain limit (e.g., a limit corresponding to a block error rate (BER) ) . In response to detecting beam failure at block 508, the UE identifies a candidate beam suitable for communication and performs beam failure recovery (BFR) . For example, the UE may send, to the RAN, a request to switch to the candidate beam for communications. In some cases, the UE may send the beam switch request via a random access procedure using the candidate beam. The RAN may activate the candidate beam or a different beam at the UE. If the BFR is not successful, the UE may declare a radio link failure (RLF) for the serving cell, at block 512. In response to RLF, the UE may perform a cell reselection process to establish a communication link on a different serving cell.
[0110] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples 600, 610, and 620 of beam management procedures. As shown in FIG. 6, examples 600, 610, and 620 include a UE 104 in communication with a BS 102 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless communications network 100 in FIG. 1) . However, the devices shown in FIG. 6 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 104 and a network entity, a UE 104 and a transmission reception point (TRP) , between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, between a scheduled node and a scheduling node, and / or the like) . In some aspects, the UE 104 and the BS 102 are in a connected state (e.g., RRC connected state and / or the like) .
[0111] BS 102 and UE 104 may communicate to perform beam management using reference signals (RSs) (e.g., synchronization (SSBs) , demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , etc. ) .
[0112] Example 600 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P1 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, a beam search procedure, and / or the like. In example 600, reference signals are configured to be transmitted from the BS 102 to UE 104. The reference signals may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI) ) .
[0113] As illustrated, the first beam management procedure may include BS 102 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (TX) beams 602. A transmit beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device (e.g., a BS 102 and / or UE 104) for transmitting signals. For example, BS 102 may transmit a reference signal using each of the transmit beams 602 associated with BS 102 for beam management. To enable UE 104 to perform receive (RX) beam sweeping, BS 102 uses a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each reference signal at multiple times within a same resource set to enable UE 104 to sweep through receive beams 604 in multiple transmission instances. A receive beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device for receiving signals. For example, if BS 102 has a set of N transmit beams 602 and UE 104 has a set of M receive beams 604, then the reference signal may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams 602 M times such that UE 104 receives M instances of the reference signals per transmit beam. As a result, the first beam management procedure helps to enable UE 104 to measure a reference signal on different transmit beams, using different receive beams, to support the selection of a receive beam for a transmit beam. UE 104 may report the measurements to BS 102 to enable BS 102 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between BS 102 and UE 104, as further described herein with respect to channel state feedback corresponding to receive beam hypotheses.
[0114] Example 610, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P2 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a BS beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, a transmit beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0115] As illustrated, the second beam management procedure includes BS 102 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams 612. The transmit beam (s) 612 may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with BS 102 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . BS 102 transmits a reference signal using each of the transmit beam (s) 612. UE 104 measures each reference signal using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam 614 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . As such, the second beam management procedure may enable BS 102 to select a best transmit beam based on measurements of the reference signals (e.g., measured by UE 104 using the single receive beam 614) reported by UE 104.
[0116] Example 620, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P3 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, a receive beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0117] As illustrated, the third beam management procedure includes BS 102 transmitting one or more reference signals using a single transmit beam 622 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable UE 104 to perform receive beam sweeping, BS 102 may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) reference signals at multiple times within a same resource set such that UE 104 can sweep through one or more receive beams 624 in multiple transmission instances. The receive beam (s) 624 may be a subset of all receive beams associated with UE 104 (e.g., determined based on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure helps to enable BS 102 and / or UE 104 to select a best receive beam based on reported measurements received from UE 104 (e.g., of the reference signal of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0118] FIG. 6 is provided as an example of beam management procedures for determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications between a UE and a network entity. Other examples of beam management procedures that differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 6, however, may be considered when determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications.
[0119] Aspects Related to Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Management Procedures
[0120] Certain aspects described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using some form of artificial intelligence (AI) , e.g., the process of using a machine learning (ML) model to infer or predict output data based on input data. An example ML model may include a mathematical representation of one or more relationships among various objects to provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences. Once an ML model has been trained, the ML model may be deployed to process data that may be similar to, or associated with, all or part of the training data and provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences based on the input data.
[0121] Aspects of the present disclosure may describe the performance of certain tasks and the technical solution of various technical problems by application of a specific type of ML model, such as an artificial neural network (ANN) . It should be understood, however, that other type (s) of AI models may be used in addition to or instead of an ANN. An ML model may be an example of an AI model, and any suitable AI model may be used in addition to or instead of any of the ML models described herein. Hence, unless expressly recited, subject matter regarding an ML model is not necessarily intended to be limited to just an ANN solution or machine learning. Further, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such “AI model, ” “ML model, ” “AI / ML model, ” “trained ML model, ” and the like are intended to be interchangeable.
[0122] AI / ML techniques have been introduced to help reduce the complexity involved in beam selection and the overhead associated with beam management without sacrificing system performance. For example, with the help of ML techniques, beam selection may be performed in a fraction of the time taken by conventional exhaustive search methods and with performance comparable to that of such methods.
[0123] In certain aspects, an ML model is deployed at or on a UE (e.g., such as UE 104 in FIG. 1) , for example, for purposes of spatial domain (SD) , temporal domain (TD) , and / or frequency domain (FD) beam prediction. The TD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of time. The FD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of frequency. A scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict SD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 1, or simply “BM-Case1. ” Additionally, a scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict TD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on the historic measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 2, or simply “BM-Case2. ” In general, ML may be used to predict characteristics associated with the set of A-beams, and the set of B-beams may be used for DL beam measurements as input data for the ML. For BM-Case1 and BM-Case2, the beams in the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams may be in the same Frequency Range (e.g., FR1 and / or FR2) . In some cases, the set of B-beams may be a subset of the set of A-beams. There may be any number of beams in each of the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams. There may be quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships between the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams.
[0124] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating example beam prediction 700 by a UE 104. In this example, an ML model 710 is deployed at or on UE 104 to enable UE 104 to make one or more beam predictions based on data input to ML model 710.
[0125] For example, a network entity (e.g., a base station or any disaggregated entity thereof) may transmit one or more signals (e.g., SSB (s) , DM-RS (s) , CSI-RS (s) ) , via a first set of transmit beams 704, in a first set of communication resources (e.g., an SSB resource, a DM-RS resource, and / or a CSI-RS resource) . The UE 104 may perform measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP measurements and / or other measurements) of the one or more signals transmitted in the first set of communication resources, or a subset thereof, to obtain input data, which may include a first set of measurements 712 (sometimes referred to as parameters, channel characteristics, or channel properties) . For example, each transmit beam 704 (or a subset thereof) , from the first set of beams carrying the one or more signals, may be associated with one or more measurements 712 performed by UE 104. UE 104 may feed the first set of measurements 712 (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the ML model 710. The UE 104 may further feed information associated with the first set of beams and / or first set of communication resources (or a subset thereof) . The information associated with the first set of beams may include a beam direction (e.g., a spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beam.
[0126] The ML model 710 may provide output data, for example, including one or more predictions. More specifically, ML model 710 may provide one or more predicted measurement values 714 (sometimes referred to as predicted parameters, predicted channel characteristics, or predicted channel properties) for a second set of communication resources (e.g., virtual communication resources) associated with a second set of transmit beams 706. The one or more measurement values 714 may include predicted channel characteristics (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP measurement values, L1-SINR measurement values, etc. ) associated with the second set of communication resources, where the second set of communication resources are associated with the second set of transmit beams 706.
[0127] In some examples, the first set of beams 704 (e.g., that are measured) may be referred to as “Set B beams” and the second set of beams 706 (e.g., that are associated with predicted measurements for the second set of communication resources) may be referred to as “Set A beams. ” Put another way, the “Set B beams” are a set of beams for which measurements are taken and used to determine input data based on such measurements for the ML model 710, whereas the “Set A beams” are a set of beams for which ML model 710 performs predictions.
[0128] In some examples, first set of beams 704 are a subset of the second set of beams 706. In some other examples, first set of beams 704 and second set of beams 706 are different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, first set of beams 704 may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) , and second set of beams 706 may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) .
[0129] Use of the ML model 710 for beam prediction may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by UE 104 (e.g., compared to exhaustive search methods described above with respect to FIG. 6) , thereby conserving power at UE 104 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in at least the first set of beams.
[0130] Aspects Related to Criteria-Based Reporting of Predicted Channel Characteristic Information
[0131] Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for criteria-based reporting of predicted channel characteristic information for virtual communication resources. As an example, a UE may measure signal (s) (e.g., reference signals) received in one or more actual communication resources, and the UE may predict channel characteristic (s) (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CQI, etc. ) associated with one or more virtual communication resources based upon the actual measurement of the actual one or more communication resources. Thereafter, the UE may report predicted channel characteristic information based on the predicted channel characteristic (s) to a network entity based on one or more criteria being satisfied, such as in response to the occurrence of one or more triggering conditions. That is, when certain criteria are met, the UE may be configured to report the aforementioned predicted channel characteristic information to the network entity. In certain aspects, a given criteria may be predefined or configured at the UE, such as at time of manufacture. In certain aspects, a given criteria may be configured at the UE, such as by a network entity sending signaling configuring the criteria to the UE.
[0132] FIG. 8 depicts a process flow 800 for communications in a network between a network entity 802 and a UE 804. In some aspects, the network entity 802 may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 804 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. However, in other aspects, UE 804 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 802 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein.
[0133] Optionally, at 806, network entity 802 sends, and UE 804 receives, one or more signals (e.g., including one or more messages) indicating one or more configurations of at least one of the one or more criteria based on which the UE 804 may report predicted channel characteristic information to network entity 802. The one or more signals may include one or more of RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some aspects, at least one of the one or more criteria may be predefined at UE 804, such that network entity 802 may not send configuration of such criteria to UE 804. The one or more configurations may include configuration one or more thresholds, identification of one or more communication resources, configuration of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state, configuration of a time window, and / or the like, as further discussed herein.
[0134] For example, UE 804 may be configured by network entity 802 with a plurality of TCI states, which may be referred to as a TCI state pool. For example, network entity 802 may send signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling) , configuring UE 804 with a plurality of TCI states. Each TCI state may indicate, to the UE 804, a QCL relationship between a) one or more first antenna ports of the network entity 802 used for transmitting downlink signals to the UE 804 and / or receiving uplink signals from the UE 804; and b) one or more second antenna ports of the network entity 802 used for transmitting downlink signals to the UE 804 and / or receiving uplink signals from the UE 804. For example, each TCI state may be associated with a corresponding set of reference signals (e.g., SSBs, CSI-RSs, etc. ) (also referred to as QCL source reference signal (RS) ) , which may recur periodically. A TCI state may indicate a QCL relationship between one or more antenna ports of the network entity 802 used to transmit the one or more reference signals associated with the TCI state and one or more antenna ports of the network entity 802 used to transmit and / or receive data and / or control information to / from UE 804, when the TCI state is activated / used for communication by the network entity 802 with the UE 804.
[0135] The UE 804 may receive from the network entity 802 a TCI state activation command for activating a particular TCI state (e.g., a particular one or more TCI states) of the TCI state pool configured at the UE 804. For example, the TCI state activation command may include one or more identifiers of one or more TCI states. For example, the TCI state activation command may be received in a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) and / or downlink control information (DCI) . In certain aspects, the UE 804 may receive from the network entity 802 a MAC-CE for activating multiple TCI states (e.g., MAC-CE including identifiers of multiple TCI states) , and a DCI selecting one of the activated multiple TCI states for communicating with the network entity (e.g., DCI include an identifier of a TCI state) . In certain aspects, the UE 804 may receive from the network entity 802 a MAC-CE for activating a single TCI state (e.g., MAC-CE including an identifier of a single TCI state) , which may be implicitly selected without a DCI, or may still be selected with a DCI.
[0136] Once the particular TCI state is activated (e.g., and in some cases selected) (e.g., after an activation time / delay after communication of the TCI state activation command) the network entity 802 may utilize one or more antenna ports associated with the TCI state to communicate (e.g., on the UL and / or DL) with the UE 804, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , and / or the like.
[0137] At 808, network entity 802 sends, and UE 804 receives, one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources, such as associated with a first set of beams (e.g., transmit beams of network entity 802) . The one or more reference signals may be sent in one prediction / measurement cycle, or in multiple prediction / measurement cycles. In certain aspects, a given set of communication resources may occur more than once (e.g., periodically across a plurality of measurement cycles) , where each instance of the set of communication resources is associated with a given measurement cycle. Accordingly, a reference signal may be received in each of the one or more communication resources in the set of communication resources in each of one or more prediction / measurement cycles, such that a channel characteristic is measured for the reference signal in each of one or more prediction / measurement cycles.
[0138] At 810, UE 804 performs virtual communication resource prediction, as discussed. For example, UE 804 determines a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources based on the one or more reference signals received on the set of communication resources. For example, UE 804 may determine a channel characteristic for each communication resource of the set of communication resources as a measurement of a reference signal communicated on the communication resource. The UE 804 may further determine, for each communication resource, a channel characteristic in each of a plurality of prediction / measurement cycles.
[0139] Based on the set of channel characteristics, UE 804 determines (e.g., using an ML model, such as ML model 710 of FIG. 7) a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources. The set of virtual communication resources may be associated with the set of communication resources (e.g., corresponding to Set A and Set B beams, respectively) . The set of virtual communication resources may be associated with a second set of beams (e.g., transmit beams of network entity 802) . The set of virtual communication resources may occur more than once (e.g., periodically across a plurality of measurement / prediction cycles) , where each instance of the set of virtual communication resources is associated with a given measurement / prediction cycle. Accordingly, a predicting channel characteristic may be predicted for each virtual communication resource of the set of virtual communication resources, and in some cases, for each of a plurality of measurement / prediction cycles.
[0140] In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on a measured communication resource in a same or overlapping measurement cycle as the virtual communication resource. For example, the set of communication resources may occur during a same measurement cycle as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0141] In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on a measured communication resource occupying a same or overlapping frequency as the virtual communication resource. For example, the set of communication resources may occupy a same frequency set as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0142] In certain aspects, a virtual communication resource is predicted based on a measured communication resource in a most recently received in time measurement cycle as the virtual communication resource. For example, the set of communication resources may be a most recently received set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams by the UE 804 among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams received by the UE 804.
[0143] At 816, UE 804 selectively reports predicted channel characteristic information to network entity 802 based on whether one or more criteria are met (e.g., each of one or more criteria are met, any of the one or more criteria are met, etc. ) . For example, if the one or more criteria are met, UE 804 reports predicted channel characteristic information to network entity 802. In the example, if one or more criteria are not met (e.g., all not met, at least one not met, etc. ) , UE 804 does not report predicted channel characteristic information to network entity 802.
[0144] In certain aspects, the predicted channel characteristic information is like measured channel characteristic information. For example, in certain aspects the predicted channel characteristic information includes one or more predicted channel characteristics (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, etc. ) of the set of predicted channel characteristics for the set of virtual communication resources. In certain aspects, the one or more predicted channel characteristics include all of the set of predicted channel characteristics. In certain aspects, the one or more predicted channel characteristics include any of the set of predicted channel characteristics that meet a threshold value. In certain aspects, the one or more predicted channel characteristics are associated with a top-K of virtual communication resources, as in the best K predicted channel characteristics of the set of predicted channel characteristics.
[0145] In certain aspects, the predicted channel characteristic information includes a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources (e.g., top-K resources) .
[0146] In certain aspects, to report the predicted channel characteristic information, UE 804 sends a report including the predicted channel characteristic information. For example, in certain aspects, at 816, UE 804 sends the report via a UL MAC-CE. In certain aspects, the UL MAC-CE acts as a request to activate channel characteristic (e.g., CSI) report based feedback.
[0147] In certain aspects, at 816, UE 804 sends the report as a CSI report. For example, at 812, UE 804 sends to network entity 802 a request for a reporting trigger (e.g., uplink grant) to send the report. At 814, network entity 802 sends a reporting trigger to UE 804, which then sends the report at 816. The UE 804 may send the request at 812 in one or more of a MAC-CE, uplink control information, a scheduling request, or the like. In certain aspects, where a MAC-CE is used, the MAC-CE is dedicated to requesting a reporting trigger, and is not used for other purposes. In certain aspects, a 1 bit UCI may be multiplexed with downlink HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) bits, where the 1 bit may be activated through RRC signaling or MAC-CE sent from network entity 802 to UE 804 (e.g., at 806) .
[0148] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria include a criteria that at least one predicted channel characteristic satisfies a threshold difference from an actually measured channel characteristic. In certain aspects, an indication of the threshold is communicated from network entity 802 to UE 804, such as at 806. For example, a predicted channel characteristic (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) of at least one virtual communication resource among the set of virtual communication resources is at least X dB (example of the threshold) greater than a measured channel characteristic (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) of a communication resource of the set of communication resources.
[0149] In certain aspects, the actually measured channel characteristic against which the predicted channel characteristics are compared includes a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics (e.g., a strongest or highest L1-RSRP or L1- SINR) , such as for a single measurement cycle, such as the same measurement cycle including the set of virtual communication resources and the set of communication resources.
[0150] In certain aspects, the actually measured channel characteristic against which the predicted channel characteristics are compared includes a channel characteristic of a communication resource on which a QCL reference signal is carried, the QCL reference signal associated with an active TCI state of UE 804. The channel characteristic may be a most recently measured and / or reported (e.g., by UE 804) channel characteristic of the communication resource (e.g., for a most recent in time measurement cycle) .
[0151] In certain aspects, the actually measured channel characteristic against which the predicted channel characteristics are compared includes a channel characteristic of a communication resource identified by network entity 802, such as at 806. In certain aspects, the communication resource may be associated with any of a set of SSB / CSI-RSs, or any QCL source RS with any active TCI state of UE 804. The channel characteristic may be a most recently measured and / or reported (e.g., by UE 804) channel characteristic of the communication resource (e.g., for a most recent in time measurement cycle) .
[0152] As another example, the one or more criteria additionally or alternatively include a criteria that a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic satisfies a confidence threshold (e.g., Y%, such that the confidence level of the prediction is greater than Y%) . In certain aspects, an indication of the confidence threshold is communicated from network entity 802 to UE 804, such as at 806. In certain aspects, such criteria is followed when UE 804 supports confidence level identification. In certain aspects, UE 804 reports its support of confidence level identification to network entity 802, such as part of UE capability signaling. For example, one or more prediction channel characteristics may satisfy a threshold difference from an actually measured channel characteristic. Further, at least one of such one or more prediction channel characteristics may satisfy a confidence threshold, and therefore be reported to network entity 802.
[0153] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria additionally or alternatively include a criteria that at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of a plurality of measurement cycles satisfies the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles. For example, the plurality of measurement cycles may correspond to a given time window (e.g., corresponding to a number (X) of prediction or measurement cycles) , which in certain aspects may be configured at UE 804 at 806. In certain aspects, for predicted channel characteristic information for a given virtual communication resource to be reported, a predicted channel characteristic for the given virtual communication resource should satisfy the threshold difference from the actually measured channel characteristic for at least N measurement cycles of the time window (e.g., where N may be configured at UE 804 by network entity 802 at 806) . As an example, the set of communication resources may periodically occur over the X prediction / measurement cycles and a set of channel characteristics may be measured for the set of communication resources for each of the prediction / measurement cycles. Further, the set of virtual communication resources may periodically occur over the X prediction / measurement cycles and a set of predicted channel characteristics may be predicted for the set of virtual communication resources for each of the prediction / measurement cycles based on the set of channel characteristics measured for the set of communication resources for each of the prediction / measurement cycles. If for a given virtual communication resource of the set of virtual communication resources, its predicted channel characteristic satisfies the threshold difference from the actually measured channel characteristic (e.g., best, associated with QCL source RS, associated with signaled communication resource, etc. ) in the same prediction / measurement cycle, for at least N prediction / measurement cycles, the predicated channel characteristic information is reported at 816. In certain aspects, the time window is associated with a timer configured at UE 804, such as at 806. In certain aspects, resetting of the timer, starting of the timer, termination of the timer, pausing of the timer, or the like, may be performed based on receiving an indication at UE 804 from network entity 802, such as a criteria identification update at 818. In certain aspects, the timer is terminated (e.g., without restarting) the instance the criteria regarding the plurality of measurement cycles is met. In certain aspects, the criteria regarding the plurality of measurement cycles is used in combination with the confidence threshold, such that both should be met for the predicated channel characteristic information to be reported at 816.
[0154] In certain aspects, after the predicted channel characteristic information is reported at 816, such as based on the one or more criteria being satisfied, UE 804 may terminate or stop identifying whether one or more criteria are satisfied, and / or terminate the timer for the time window of measurement cycles. For example, UE 804 may send additional predicted channel characteristic information, such as for additional measurement / prediction cycles, without regards to whether the one or more criteria are satisfied for such additional predicted channel characteristics, such as until UE 804 receives a criteria identification update at 818 to begin identifying whether one or more criteria are satisfied.. Alternatively, UE 804 may stop sending additional predicted channel characteristic information, such as for additional measurement / prediction cycles, such as until UE 804 receives a criteria identification update at 818 to begin identifying whether one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0155] In certain aspects, after the predicted channel characteristic information is reported at 816 (e.g., and after the UE 804 starts sending additional predicted channel characteristic information without checking the one or more criteria) , the network entity 802 may determine the UE 804 sending additional predicted channel characteristic information, such as for additional measurement / prediction cycles, may not be useful (e.g., there would be no likely performance gains, such as P2 refinement gains, based on the predicted channel characteristic information received, and measured channel characteristic information received, from UE 804) . Network entity 802 may, accordingly, send to UE 804 a criteria identification update at 818 to continue or resume identifying whether one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0156] In certain aspects, UE 804 can send criteria identification update at 818 to stop or resume identifying criteria before sending predicted channel characteristic information, such as using MAC-CE or DCI.
[0157] In certain aspects, UE 804 can send criteria identification update at 818 to terminate, pause, reset, or stop the timer for the time window of measurement cycles, as discussed, such as using MAC-CE or DCI.
[0158] In certain aspects, such as where periodic CSI reporting is used for reporting the predicted channel characteristic information, UE 804 may terminate or stop identification of whether the one or more criteria are satisfied, and / or terminate the timer for the time window of measurement cycles when periodic CSI reporting is active (e.g., as activated / configured at UE 804 by network 802, such as at 806) (e.g., and predicted channel characteristic information is reported at 816) .
[0159] In certain aspects, UE 804 may resume identification of whether the one or more criteria are satisfied, and / or reset or restart the timer for the time window of measurement cycles, when periodic CSI reporting is inactive (e.g., as deactivated / configured at UE 804 by network 802, such as at 806) .
[0160] Example Operations
[0161] FIG. 9 shows a method 900 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0162] Method 900 begins at block 905 with receiving one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams.
[0163] Method 900 then proceeds to block 910 with sending, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources, the set of channel characteristics based on the received one or more reference signals; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0164] In certain aspects, block 910 includes: sending a request for a reporting trigger; receiving the reporting trigger; and after receipt of the reporting trigger, sending the report.
[0165] In certain aspects, block 910 includes sending the report via an uplink MAC-CE.
[0166] In certain aspects, the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating CSI reporting.
[0167] In certain aspects, the report indicates the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0168] In certain aspects, the report indicates the subset of virtual communication resources, and wherein the subset of virtual communication resources are selected among the set of virtual communication resources based on a subset of predicted channel characteristics associated with the subset of virtual communication resources.
[0169] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occur during a same measurement cycle as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0170] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occupy a same frequency set as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0171] In certain aspects, the first set of beams and the second set of beams comprise transmit beams of a network entity from which the one or more reference signals are received.
[0172] In certain aspects, the apparatus does not receive any reference signals on the virtual communication resources during a same measurement cycle as the set of communication resources.
[0173] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources are a most recently received set of communication resources associated with the first set of beams by the apparatus among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams received by the apparatus.
[0174] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of the threshold.
[0175] In certain aspects, the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.
[0176] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of a TCI state; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a QCL reference signal associated with TCI state.
[0177] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.
[0178] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0179] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of the confidence threshold.
[0180] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; and the first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0181] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a respective confidence level associated with the at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0182] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of a number of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0183] In certain aspects, the plurality of measurement cycles occur during a time window.
[0184] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication of a duration of the time window.
[0185] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication to at least one of terminate, pause, reset, or start a timer corresponding to the time window.
[0186] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes terminating a timer corresponding to the time window based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.
[0187] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes resetting or restarting the timer based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.
[0188] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes stopping identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on sending the report.
[0189] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes receiving an indication to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0190] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes stopping identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.
[0191] In certain aspects, method 900 further includes resuming identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.
[0192] In certain aspects, method 900, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1100 of FIG. 11, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 900. Communications device 1100 is described below in further detail.
[0193] Note that FIG. 9 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0194] FIG. 10 shows a method 1000 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0195] Method 1000 begins at block 1005 with sending one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams.
[0196] Method 1000 then proceeds to block 1010 with receiving, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0197] In certain aspects, block 1010 includes receiving a request for a reporting trigger; sending the reporting trigger; and after sending of the reporting trigger, receiving the report.
[0198] In certain aspects, block 1010 includes receiving the report via an uplink MAC-CE.
[0199] In certain aspects, the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating CSI reporting.
[0200] In certain aspects, the report indicates the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0201] In certain aspects, the report indicates the subset of virtual communication resources, and wherein the subset of virtual communication resources are selected among the set of virtual communication resources based on a subset of predicted channel characteristics associated with the subset of virtual communication resources.
[0202] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occur during a same measurement cycle as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0203] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occupy a same frequency set as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0204] In certain aspects, the first set of beams and the second set of beams comprise transmit beams of the apparatus.
[0205] In certain aspects, the apparatus does not send any reference signals on the virtual communication resources during a same measurement cycle as the set of communication resources.
[0206] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources are a most recently sent set of communication resources associated with the first set of beams by the apparatus among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams sent by the apparatus.
[0207] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of the threshold.
[0208] In certain aspects, the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.
[0209] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of a TCI state; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a QCL reference signal associated with TCI state.
[0210] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.
[0211] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0212] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of the confidence threshold.
[0213] In certain aspects, the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; and the first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0214] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a respective confidence level associated with the at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0215] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of a number of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0216] In certain aspects, the plurality of measurement cycles occur during a time window.
[0217] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication of a duration of the time window.
[0218] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication to at least one of terminate, pause, reset, or start a timer corresponding to the time window.
[0219] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes sending an indication to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0220] In certain aspects, method 1000, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1200 of FIG. 12, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1000. Communications device 1200 is described below in further detail.
[0221] Note that FIG. 10 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0222] Example Communications Devices
[0223] FIG. 11 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1100. In some aspects, communications device 1100 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0224] The communications device 1100 includes a processing system 1105 coupled to a transceiver 1175 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1175 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1100 via an antenna 1180, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1105 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1100, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1100.
[0225] The processing system 1105 includes one or more processors 1110. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1110 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1110 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1140 via a bus 1170. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1140 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1110, enable and cause the one or more processors 1110 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 9. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1100 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1100, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0226] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1140 stores code for receiving 1145, code for sending 1150, code for terminating 1155, code for resetting 1160, and code for identifying 1165. Processing of the code 1145-1165 may enable and cause the communications device 1100 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it.
[0227] The one or more processors 1110 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1140, including circuitry for receiving 1115, circuitry for sending 1120, circuitry for terminating 1125, circuitry for resetting 1130, and circuitry for identifying 1135. Processing with circuitry 1115-1135 may enable and cause the communications device 1100 to perform the method 900 described with respect to FIG. 9, or any aspect related to it.
[0228] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1175 and / or antenna 1180 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11, and / or one or more processors 1110 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1175 and / or antenna 1180 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11, and / or one or more processors 1110 of the communications device 1100 in FIG. 11.
[0229] FIG. 12 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1200. In some aspects, communications device 1200 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0230] The communications device 1200 includes a processing system 1205 coupled to a transceiver 1245 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1255. The transceiver 1245 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1200 via an antenna 1250, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1255 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1200 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1205 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1200, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1200.
[0231] The processing system 1205 includes one or more processors 1210. In various aspects, one or more processors 1210 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1210 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1225 via a bus 1240. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1225 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1210, enable and cause the one or more processors 1210 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 10. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1200 performing a function may include one or more processors of communications device 1200 performing that function, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0232] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1225 stores code for sending 1230 and code for receiving 1235. Processing of the code 1230 and 1235 may enable and cause the communications device 1200 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it.
[0233] The one or more processors 1210 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1225, including circuitry for sending 1215 and circuitry for receiving 1220. Processing with circuitry 1215 and 1220 may enable and cause the communications device 1200 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it.
[0234] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1245, antenna 1250, and / or network interface 1255 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12, and / or one or more processors 1210 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, receive processor 338, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1245, antenna 1250, and / or network interface 1255 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12, and / or one or more processors 1210 of the communications device 1200 in FIG. 12.
[0235] Example Clauses
[0236] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0237] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: receiving one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; and sending, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources, the set of channel characteristics based on the received one or more reference signals; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0238] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein sending the report comprises: sending a request for a reporting trigger; receiving the reporting trigger; and after receipt of the reporting trigger, sending the report.
[0239] Clause 3: The method of Claus 1, wherein sending the report comprises: sending the report via an uplink MAC-CE.
[0240] Clause 4: The method of Clause 3, wherein the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating CSI reporting.
[0241] Clause 5: The method of any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein the report indicates the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0242] Clause 6: The method of any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein the report indicates the subset of virtual communication resources, and wherein the subset of virtual communication resources are selected among the set of virtual communication resources based on a subset of predicted channel characteristics associated with the subset of virtual communication resources.
[0243] Clause 7: The method of any one of Clauses 1-6, wherein the set of communication resources occur during a same measurement cycle as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0244] Clause 8: The method of any one of Clauses 1-7, wherein the set of communication resources occupy a same frequency set as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0245] Clause 9: The method of any one of Clauses 1-8, wherein the first set of beams and the second set of beams comprise transmit beams of a network entity from which the one or more reference signals are received.
[0246] Clause 10: The method of any one of Clauses 1-9, wherein the apparatus does not receive any reference signals on the virtual communication resources during a same measurement cycle as the set of communication resources.
[0247] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the set of communication resources are a most recently received set of communication resources associated with the first set of beams by the apparatus among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams received by the apparatus.
[0248] Clause 12: The method of any one of Clauses 1-11, further comprising receiving an indication of the threshold.
[0249] Clause 13: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, wherein the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.
[0250] Clause 14: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, further comprising receiving an indication of a TCI state; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a QCL reference signal associated with TCI state.
[0251] Clause 15: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, further comprising receiving an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.
[0252] Clause 16: The method of any one of Clauses 1-15, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0253] Clause 17: The method of Clause 16, further comprising receiving an indication of the confidence threshold.
[0254] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 1-15, wherein: the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; and the first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0255] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a respective confidence level associated with the at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0256] Clause 20: The method of Clause 18, further comprising receiving an indication of a number of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0257] Clause 21: The method of Clause 18, wherein the plurality of measurement cycles occur during a time window.
[0258] Clause 22: The method of Clause 21, further comprising receiving an indication of a duration of the time window.
[0259] Clause 23: The method of Clause 21, further comprising receiving an indication to at least one of terminate, pause, reset, or start a timer corresponding to the time window.
[0260] Clause 24: The method of Clause 21, further comprising terminating a timer corresponding to the time window based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.
[0261] Clause 25: The method of Clause 24, further comprising resetting or restarting the timer based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.
[0262] Clause 26: The method of any one of Clauses 1-25, further comprising stopping identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on sending the report.
[0263] Clause 27: The method of any one of Clauses 1-25, further comprising receiving an indication to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0264] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 1-25, further comprising stopping identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.
[0265] Clause 29: The method of Clause 28, further comprising resuming identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.
[0266] Clause 30: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: sending one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; and receiving, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of: one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; or a subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein: the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources; and the one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
[0267] Clause 31: The method of Clause 30, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving a request for a reporting trigger; sending the reporting trigger; and after sending of the reporting trigger, receiving the report.
[0268] Clause 32: The method of Clause 30, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving the report via an uplink MAC-CE.
[0269] Clause 33: The method of Clause 32, wherein the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating CSI reporting.
[0270] Clause 34: The method of any one of Clauses 30-33, wherein the report indicates the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0271] Clause 35: The method of any one of Clauses 30-34, wherein the report indicates the subset of virtual communication resources, and wherein the subset of virtual communication resources are selected among the set of virtual communication resources based on a subset of predicted channel characteristics associated with the subset of virtual communication resources.
[0272] Clause 36: The method of any one of Clauses 30-35, wherein the set of communication resources occur during a same measurement cycle as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0273] Clause 37: The method of any one of Clauses 30-36, wherein the set of communication resources occupy a same frequency set as the set of virtual communication resources.
[0274] Clause 38: The method of any one of Clauses 30-37, wherein the first set of beams and the second set of beams comprise transmit beams of the apparatus.
[0275] Clause 39: The method of any one of Clauses 30-38, wherein the apparatus does not send any reference signals on the virtual communication resources during a same measurement cycle as the set of communication resources.
[0276] Clause 40: The method of any one of Clauses 30-39, wherein the set of communication resources are a most recently sent set of communication resources associated with the first set of beams by the apparatus among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams sent by the apparatus.
[0277] Clause 41: The method of any one of Clauses 30-40, further comprising sending an indication of the threshold.
[0278] Clause 42: The method of any one of Clauses 30-41, wherein the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.
[0279] Clause 43: The method of any one of Clauses 30-41, further comprising sending an indication of a TCI state; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a QCL reference signal associated with TCI state.
[0280] Clause 44: The method of any one of Clauses 30-41, further comprising sending an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; wherein the first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.
[0281] Clause 45: The method of any one of Clauses 30-44, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0282] Clause 46: The method of Clause 45, further comprising sending an indication of the confidence threshold.
[0283] Clause 47: The method of any one of Clauses 30-44, wherein: the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; and the first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0284] Clause 48: The method of Clause 47, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a respective confidence level associated with the at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying a confidence threshold.
[0285] Clause 49: The method of Clause 47, further comprising sending an indication of a number of the plurality of measurement cycles.
[0286] Clause 50: The method of Clause 47, wherein the plurality of measurement cycles occur during a time window.
[0287] Clause 51: The method of Clause 50, further comprising sending an indication of a duration of the time window.
[0288] Clause 52: The method of Clause 50, further comprising sending an indication to at least one of terminate, pause, reset, or start a timer corresponding to the time window.
[0289] Clause 53: The method of any one of Clauses 30-52, further comprising sending an indication to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0290] Clause 54: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0291] Clause 55: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0292] Clause 56: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0293] Clause 57: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0294] Clause 58: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0295] Clause 59: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-53.
[0296] Additional Considerations
[0297] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0298] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0299] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0300] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0301] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0302] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0303] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “a processor, ” “a controller, ” “a memory, ” “a transceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the apparatus to:receive one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; andsend, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of:one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; ora subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein:the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources, the set of channel characteristics based on the received one or more reference signals; andthe one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to send the report, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:send a request for a reporting trigger;receive the reporting trigger; andafter receipt of the reporting trigger, send the report.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to send the report, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:send the report via an uplink medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) .4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating channel state information (CSI) reporting.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of communication resources are a most recently received set of communication resources associated with the first set of beams by the apparatus among a plurality of sets of communication resources associated with the first set of beams received by the apparatus.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; andthe first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a quasi-co-location (QCL) reference signal associated with TCI state.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; andthe first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; andthe first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a respective confidence level associated with the at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying a confidence threshold.12.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the plurality of measurement cycles occur during a time window.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive an indication to at least one of terminate, pause, reset, or start a timer corresponding to the time window.14.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to terminate a timer corresponding to the time window based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to reset or restart the timer based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on sending the report.17.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive an indication to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.18.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to stop identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on: sending the report; and periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being active at the apparatus.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to resume identifying whether the one or more criteria are satisfied based on the periodic or semi-persistent channel state information reporting being inactive at the apparatus.20.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the apparatus to:send one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; andreceive, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of:one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; ora subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein:the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources; andthe one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein to receive the report, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:receive a request for a reporting trigger;send the reporting trigger; andafter sending of the reporting trigger, receive the report.22.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein to receive the report, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to:receive the report via an uplink medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) .23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the uplink MAC-CE indicates a request for activating channel state information (CSI) reporting.24.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first channel characteristic comprises a best channel characteristic among the set of channel characteristics.25.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; andthe first channel characteristic is associated with a first communication resource of the set of communication resources carrying a quasi-co-location (QCL) reference signal associated with TCI state.26.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send an indication of a first communication resource of the set of communication resources; andthe first channel characteristic is associated with the first communication resource.27.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more criteria comprise a second criteria comprising a confidence level associated with the at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a confidence threshold.28.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:the set of communication resources occur during a first measurement cycle of a plurality of measurement cycles; andthe first criteria comprises at least one respective predicted channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles satisfying the threshold difference from a respective measured channel characteristic associated with each of the plurality of measurement cycles.29.A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising:receiving one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; andsending, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of:one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; ora subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein:the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources, the set of channel characteristics based on the received one or more reference signals; andthe one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.30.A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising:sending one or more reference signals on a set of communication resources associated with a first set of beams; andreceiving, based on one or more criteria being satisfied, a report indicating one or more of:one or more predicted channel characteristics of a set of predicted channel characteristics for a set of virtual communication resources associated with a second set of beams; ora subset of virtual communication resources of the set of virtual communication resources, wherein:the set of predicted channel characteristics are based on a set of channel characteristics for the set of communication resources; andthe one or more criteria comprise a first criteria comprising at least one predicted channel characteristic of the set of predicted channel characteristics satisfying a threshold difference from a first channel characteristic of the set of channel characteristics.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Communication method, terminal, network device and communication system
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Reporting of measured and prediction based beam management
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Terminal, radio communication method, and base station
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Wireless device-sided inference of spatial-domain beam predictions
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Methods for wireless device sided spatial beam predictions
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