Method for wireless data transmission in air-ground integrated wide-area internet of things

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and specifically relates to a method for wireless data transmission in an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things. The method comprises the following steps: S1, design of a data acquisition subsystem; S2, design of an information relay subsystem; S3, design of a network access subsystem; S4, design of an unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system; S5, design of a power supply system; and S6, design of a housing of a data relay system. The data acquisition subsystem can acquire sensor data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and light, and video data, and features wide coverage and low power consumption. The information relay subsystem supports multi-hop communication and can effectively reduce the network transmission latency. The network access subsystem supports public and private network data transmission. The unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system enhances the flexibility and stability of unmanned aerial vehicle flight. A rational power supply system and housing are also designed. The present invention uses unmanned aerial vehicle networking and low-power Internet of Things technology to achieve low-cost, encrypted transmission of big data, and also has the characteristic of flexible deployment.

Description

A method for wireless data transmission of air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular to a big data transmission method applied to wide-area Internet of Things scenarios. Background Art

[0002] The global Internet of Things (IoT) industry is rapidly expanding. It is projected that by 2025, the number of connected IoT terminals worldwide will exceed 25 billion, and the IoT market will exceed 50 trillion yuan. my country has designated the IoT as a strategic emerging industry for national development. Benefiting from my country's globally leading 3C industry chain and robust market demand, terrestrial IoT companies have successfully commercialized their operations in recent years. The advent of the 5G era presents even greater opportunities for IoT applications. 5G communications have two goals: significantly increasing user service speeds and, more importantly, enabling the interconnection of everything. Agricultural management, engineering and construction, maritime transportation, and the energy sector will become key application areas for the IoT, significantly impacting the development models of related industries.

[0003] The crucial role of wide-area IoT big data in the development of the information society cannot be underestimated. In both military and civilian scenarios, accurate and timely information transmission is a key factor in improving production efficiency and enabling informed decision-making. For example, in civilian settings, big data sensor networks can promote the digital and intelligent development of rural agriculture. By deploying a sufficient number of sensors, various data on farmland, crops, and agricultural weather, such as soil moisture, temperature, light, and weather conditions, can be sensed and collected in real time. This helps farmers understand the growing environment and provides a scientific basis for agricultural production decisions. In military communication systems, information is central to battlefield decision-making, troop deployment, and intelligence analysis. Using battlefield data, command centers can quickly understand the evolving situation, adjust tactics, and convey key commands. Therefore, efficient and reliable wide-area wireless big data transmission methods are crucial for both military and civilian use cases. However, in wide-area IoT scenarios, information acquisition and transmission often face the following challenges:

[0004] Base station coverage is limited and signal quality is poor. Currently, 5G base stations are primarily deployed in urban hotspots. Remote areas, such as deserts, oceans, and forests, have complex terrain, scattered big data sensing equipment, and insufficient ground communication network infrastructure. Wireless transmission of information from remote devices is often difficult to achieve to data centers. Communication processes often face issues such as unstable signals, disconnected connections, and slow data transmission, impacting real-time monitoring and decision-making in data cloud centers.

[0005] The demand for data security and privacy protection is increasing. Critical equipment information often contains important sensory data, such as key combat information in military combat scenarios and production status information in the metal and mineral industries. Ensuring that transmitted information is not easily eavesdropped on in communication networks has become a major hot topic for data security and privacy protection in massive data devices.

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention focuses on the wireless big data transmission needs in wide-area Internet of Things scenarios and military scenarios, and proposes a new air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless big data transmission method based on drones, combined with 5G and LoRa technologies.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method, which can utilize drone networking and low-power Internet of Things technology to achieve low-cost, encrypted transmission of big data and has the characteristics of flexible deployment.

[0009] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0010] An air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1: Data acquisition subsystem design;

[0012] S2: Information relay subsystem design;

[0013] S3: Network access subsystem design;

[0014] S4: UAV flight control system design;

[0015] S5: Power supply system design;

[0016] S6: Data relay system housing design.

[0017] The data acquisition subsystem includes a sensor information acquisition module, a LoRa data transmission terminal module, and an H264 video encoding module, as shown below:

[0018] The sensor information acquisition module adopts RS485 bus and MODBUS-RTU protocol interface, and supports temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors and light sensors;

[0019] The LoRa data transmission terminal module is connected to the sensor information acquisition module via the RS485 bus;

[0020] The H264 video encoding module is divided into a NAL layer and a VCL layer.

[0021] The NAL layer splits a frame into multiple packets for transmission, ensuring that each Ethernet packet is no larger than 1500 bytes during the transmission process.

[0022] The VCL layer is responsible for compressing the original video data and dynamically setting the compression ratio to achieve adaptive transmission according to business requirements and link characteristics.

[0023] The information relay subsystem includes hardware components and internal software;

[0024] Among them, the hardware composition includes LoRa communication module, WiFi network card, central controller and 5G module.

[0025] The internal software process is designed as follows:

[0026] M1: The central controller polls sensor data and stores it;

[0027] M2: Apply Aodv multi-hop routing protocol;

[0028] M3: Central controller data analysis and processing;

[0029] M4: Supports public network data transmission and private network data transmission.

[0030] The network access subsystem consists of a 5G base station, a 5G core network, and a service server, which are respectively configured with a socket network for public network data transmission and a dedicated communication network system for private network data transmission, as shown below:

[0031] The dedicated communication network system consists of 5G Pico base stations, 5G core networks and service servers;

[0032] The Socket network communication process includes the following steps:

[0033] Q1. Server monitoring: The server is in the state of waiting for connection and monitoring the network status in real time;

[0034] Q2. Client request: The client socket makes a connection request. The client socket first defines the socket of the target server, defines the IP address and port number of the server socket, and then makes a connection request to the server socket.

[0035] Q3. Connection confirmation: When the server-side socket receives a connection request from the client-side socket, it responds to the client-side socket's request, establishes a new thread, and sends the server-side socket's configuration information to the client. Once the client confirms this information, the communication connection is established. At the same time, the server-side socket remains in a listening state and continues to receive connection requests from other clients.

[0036] The UAV flight control system includes:

[0037] Flight control circuit boards, used to control fixed-wing, multi-rotor, smart cars, and mobile robotic architectures;

[0038] The Raspberry Pi obtains information from the flight control circuit board and sends it to the ground station via UDP.

[0039] The power supply system uses a three-port 5521 mobile power supply to power the LoRa communication module, 5G module and JetsonNX development board, and the WiFi network card is powered and driven by the central controller.

[0040] The data relay system housing has a 5-hole 2-layer structure as follows:

[0041] The four holes on the housing are used to place four 5G patch antennas respectively, and the other hole is used to place a LoRa radio frequency antenna;

[0042] The housing is provided with a ventilating opening;

[0043] The upper layer of the shell is used to place the sensor information acquisition module, LoRa data transmission terminal module, H264 video encoding module, LoRa communication module, WiFi network card, central controller and 5G module;

[0044] A 12V power supply is placed on the lower layer of the shell.

[0045] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0046] The present invention's integrated air-ground wide-area IoT wireless data transmission method reduces the construction costs of existing methods for wireless data transmission over the wide area IoT. This method significantly reduces the base station density requirements for massive data transmission, avoiding issues such as land leasing and power supply required for base stations.

[0047] The present invention proposes an integrated air-ground wide-area IoT wireless data transmission method that expands the coverage of existing networks. It proposes a communication method that uses drones for supplementary coverage. In areas inaccessible to vehicles, drone networking enables information collection and network access. This method supports vehicle-drone networking, and networking technology can significantly improve data transmission efficiency.

[0048] The present invention provides a low-carbon, green, and environmentally friendly method for wireless data transmission in an integrated air-to-ground wide-area IoT network. Combining the low-power wide-area IoT LoRa technology with 5G access technology, the method enables remote data acquisition with minimal energy consumption, achieving a communication distance of 5-10 km.

[0049] The present invention provides an integrated air-ground wide-area IoT wireless data transmission method with strong scalability and high network robustness. Due to the flexible mobility of drones and vehicles, the location and number of nodes can be adjusted at any time based on demand. This allows network coverage to be expanded or adjusted as needed to accommodate diverse application scenarios and changing requirements.

[0050] The present invention provides an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method with high data privacy. The invention supports dedicated network communication and uses SIM card authentication and encryption to ensure data is not easily intercepted and maintains security and privacy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG1 is a method flow chart of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method of the present invention;

[0052] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method according to the present invention;

[0053] FIG3 is a technical roadmap of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method of the present invention;

[0054] FIG4 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to the present invention;

[0055] FIG5 is a hardware implementation diagram of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things wireless data transmission method of the present invention;

[0056] FIG6 is a flow chart of control of the UAV flight of the present invention;

[0057] FIG7 is a diagram of a monitoring interface for core network data according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the present invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Example:

[0060] With the increasing number of vehicles and the development of vehicle networking technology, as well as the widespread application of drone platforms in military and civilian scenarios, the use of vehicles and drones to build an integrated air-ground network can achieve refined production management, efficient resource utilization, and accurate monitoring of ecosystems. At the same time, it can quickly establish an emergency communication network when military communication equipment is destroyed. The purpose of this invention is to provide an air-ground integrated wide-area wireless big data information transmission method that utilizes drone networking and low-power Internet of Things technology to achieve low-cost, encrypted transmission of big data while also having the characteristics of flexible deployment.

[0061] As shown in Figure 1-7, an air-ground integrated wide-area IoT wireless data transmission method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Design the data acquisition subsystem. This system supports data services and video streaming services. Data services such as soil temperature and humidity, light, and wind speed are monitored by high-precision sensors. To reduce battery energy consumption, the sensors use passive information transmission, that is, they only feedback the current data after receiving the data acquisition command. The video streaming service is based on the real-time shooting of the Hikvision high-definition camera, using H264 encoding, and the data interface is USB. Data services and video streaming services are transmitted through the WH-L102-LP long-distance LoRa transmission module and the RT3070 WiFi wireless network card respectively. The data acquisition subsystem includes a sensor information acquisition module, a LoRa data transmission terminal module, and an H264 video encoding module, as shown below:

[0063] (1) Sensor information acquisition module

[0064] The sensor types supported by this system include temperature and humidity, wind speed, and light, all of which use the RS485 bus MODBUS-RTU protocol interface with a baud rate of 9600. The reading of sensor data, address modification, and baud rate modification operations are all based on hexadecimal instructions, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0065] Table 1 Sensor configuration instructions for the data acquisition subsystem

[0066] (2) LoRa data transmission terminal module

[0067] It has the characteristics of high transceiver sensitivity. You can choose the commercially available WH-L102-LP wireless terminal. This wireless terminal is a low-frequency half-duplex LoRa module that supports the concentrator communication protocol and operates in the frequency band of 398 to 525 MHz. The communication method is serial communication, which uses the serial port for data transmission and reception, lowering the threshold for wireless applications. The low-frequency half-duplex LoRa module has the advantages of concentrated power density and strong anti-interference ability. It can be directly connected to the RS485 sensor with a baud rate of 9600 and a communication distance of up to 5000 meters. It needs to be paired for use.

[0068] (3) H264 video encoding module

[0069] The H264 video encoding module is divided into two layers, as shown below:

[0070] A) The NAL layer ensures that each Ethernet packet is 1500 bytes during transmission. H.264 video encoding frames are usually larger than 1500 bytes, so depacketization is required to split a frame into multiple packets for transmission. All depacketization and repacketization are handled by the NAL layer.

[0071] B) The VCL layer is responsible for compressing the original video data. According to different business requirements and link characteristics, the compression ratio can be dynamically set to achieve adaptive transmission;

[0072] Step 2: Design of information relay subsystem, which includes hardware components and internal software;

[0073] This subsystem completes the storage and forwarding of IoT big data information. For services with high latency requirements, it can further reduce network latency by transmitting them through multi-hop links between air and ground platforms. The hardware components include a WH-L102-LP LoRa communication module, an RT3070 WiFi network card, a central controller, and an M328 5G module. The central controller can be a commercially available Jetson NX development board. The interfaces between the modules are shown in Figure 5. The internal software process is designed as follows:

[0074] M1: The central controller polls sensor data and stores it;

[0075] The central controller outputs data query instructions through the USB serial port. To avoid channel conflicts caused by multiple sensors sending data at the same time, a polling method is used to establish a connection with only one specific sensor at a time, obtain data and store it in the solid-state hard drive of the central controller. The data of each sensor is saved in a separate document file. After the central controller sends the data frame to the LoRa communication module, the LoRa communication module sends the data frame to the LoRa data transmission terminal module of the data acquisition subsystem in the form of point-to-point communication. All nodes that have successfully joined the network receive the data frame in address order and transparently forward it to the sensor. The sensor that recognizes the data instruction responds with data, and the data is uploaded to the central controller through the LoRa communication module.

[0076] M2: Apply Aodv multi-hop routing protocol;

[0077] The Aodv multi-hop routing protocol is used between vehicles and drones to achieve air-ground networking and improve information transmission efficiency. Based on the IP addresses of the source and destination nodes, the protocol can automatically select the fastest path and forward data to the corresponding relay platform, reducing service latency. The network segment IP is set to 10.1.1.X, and transmission is carried out through the RT3070 wireless network card. Each air-ground platform has its own destination server IP address and networking IP address. When data transmission is carried out, the node closer to the cloud server usually acts as a network relay, transmitting data collected by the local platform to the target server and receiving data from adjacent nodes and forwarding it to the adjacent node's destination IP address.

[0078] M3: Central controller data analysis and processing;

[0079] The Jetson NX development board core module is equipped with 384 CUDA cores, 48 ​​TensorCores, a 6-core Carmel architecture, and two deep learning accelerators (NVDLA) engines, capable of running multiple neural networks in parallel. These features, combined with video encoding and decoding, make the Jetson NX development board the preferred platform for running multiple neural networks in parallel and processing high-resolution data from multiple sensors simultaneously. With its powerful data processing capabilities, the data relay platform can intelligently analyze business changes based on the collected data, promptly provide users with feedback on the analysis results, and assist in decision-making.

[0080] M4: supports data transmission over public and private networks;

[0081] This system supports data transmission through the common operator network (public network) or through a dedicated network, which is determined by the type of SIM card in the 5G module slot. The 5G module works in network card mode. The central controller can directly obtain the 5G real network IP address, such as 10.10.10.1, and can use AT commands to choose to access the network through USB or Ethernet port. When data needs to be sent through the private network system, SIM card authentication information is required. The 5G module is connected to the network through automatic dialing. The SIM card information configuration for private network data transmission is as follows:

[0082] SUPI:46029760010*2538*;

[0083] Authentication KEY: 12345678123456781234567812345678;

[0084] Authentication OP: 4DC34FD479D23E5D173871C6C997B5E3;

[0085] Dedicated network data transmission can ensure data privacy and security while reducing data upload pressure. It is suitable for scenarios with high user privacy requirements and military communication scenarios. When ground infrastructure is destroyed, a stable and secure dedicated communication network can be quickly established.

[0086] Step 3: Design the network access subsystem as follows:

[0087] The network access subsystem consists of 5G base stations, a 5G core network, and service servers. For public network data transmission, it is necessary to establish a communication connection through the operator's ground base station via a socket network. Private network data transmission has the characteristics of exclusive links and secure and reliable data. When sending data to a dedicated communication network system, it is necessary to build base station, core network, and switch links, and at the same time, it is necessary to set the working mode, cell identification, and working frequency band of the private network base station.

[0088] (1) Construction of dedicated communication network system;

[0089] The dedicated communication network system consists of 5G Pico base stations, 5G core network, and service servers, as shown below:

[0090] The N2 / N3 (10G) and N6 (10G) interfaces of the 5G core network and the optical interface (25G) of the 5G Pico base station are connected to the switch to solve the problem of optical module conversion compatibility;

[0091] The service server is connected to the switch via an RJ45 interface, solving the problem of optical-to-electrical conversion. After the data relay platform is connected to the 5G network, it wirelessly transmits massive amounts of IoT data to the base station via four RF antennas. The base station sends the uplink data to the core network via the N2 / N3 interface, and finally sends the data to the service server via the core network's N6 interface.

[0092] (2) Socket network communication process;

[0093] Business data is uploaded to the cloud server by establishing a Socket network connection to achieve communication, which mainly includes three stages: server monitoring, client request, and connection confirmation, as shown below:

[0094] Q1. Server monitoring: The server socket does not locate the specific client socket, but is in a state of waiting for connection and monitoring the network status in real time;

[0095] Q2. Client request: The client socket makes a connection request. The client socket first defines the socket of the target server, defines the IP address and port number of the server socket, and then makes a connection request to the server socket.

[0096] Q3. Connection confirmation: When the server socket receives the connection request from the client socket, it responds to the client socket's request, creates a new thread, and sends the server socket's configuration information to the client. Once the client confirms this information, the communication connection is established. At the same time, the server socket remains in the listening state and continues to receive connection requests from other clients.

[0097] Step 4: Design the UAV flight control system. The steps are as follows:

[0098] The Pixhawk flight control circuit board was selected as the flight control circuit board. The Pixhawk is a circuit board that provides control functions and is suitable for controlling fixed-wing aircraft, multi-rotor aircraft, smart cars, and all other mobile robotic architectures. Stable and good flight control of drones requires the PID control algorithm. The Pixhawk flight control circuit board receives the drone's current position information and uses this as feedback to continuously adjust parameters to keep the trajectory as close as possible to the preset one. Drone flight control is a relatively complex task. Only after the drone has successfully determined its position and calculated its posture can its flight control be carried out. The flight control process is shown in Figure 6.

[0099] After starting the drone, the LoRa communication module sends its current position data to the flight control circuit board using the MAVLink communication protocol. The Raspberry Pi then retrieves this information and sends it to the ground station via UDP. The terminal then inputs flight control commands and sends them to the Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi then sends corresponding control signals to the Pixhawk flight control circuit board based on the commands. The flight control circuit board then converts these signals into PWM signals to control the four motors of the quadcopter to produce different speeds, thereby completing the flight control of the drone.

[0100] Strong scalability and high network robustness; due to the flexible mobility of drones and vehicles, the location and number of nodes can be adjusted at any time according to demand; the network coverage can be expanded or adjusted as needed to adapt to different application scenarios and changing needs;

[0101] Step 5: Design the power supply system. The steps are as follows:

[0102] Because drone platforms have limited payload and battery life, and because the power interfaces required by ordinary vehicles and the hardware involved in this system solution are inconsistent, it is necessary to optimize the power supply system for each module of the data relay system. The actual operating voltage and current of the LoRa communication module, 5G module, and Jetson NX development board are 12V and 2A, respectively. The WiFi network card is powered and driven by the central controller. A three-port 5521 mobile power supply is used to power these LoRa communication modules, 5G modules, and Jetson NX development board. The power supply weighs 0.5kg and is suitable for both drones and vehicles.

[0103] Step 6: Design the data relay system housing. The steps are as follows:

[0104] Considering the large differences in size and weight of each module and the limited platform space resources available for the UAV platform, the present invention considers the scientific placement of the module space and designs a 5-hole 2-layer structure shell as follows:

[0105] The four holes on the housing are used to place four 5G patch antennas, and one hole is used to place a LoRa RF antenna;

[0106] The housing has ventilation holes to prevent the controller and 5G module from overheating and malfunctioning.

[0107] The upper layer of the shell is used to place the modules;

[0108] The 12V power supply is placed on the lower layer of the shell. The size of the assembled device is 18cm*16cm*10cm (length*width*height), and the total volume is 2.88dm 3 .

[0109] In summary, the present invention provides a method for transmitting large amounts of IoT data in an air-ground integrated manner based on drones. This method is based on drone platforms and ground vehicles, utilizes multi-hop links to achieve networking communications, and combines the low-power IoT LoRa technology with wide-area coverage capabilities with the new generation of 5G access technology to achieve low-cost wide-area coverage of massive sensory information. The method includes a data acquisition subsystem, an information relay subsystem, a network access subsystem, a drone flight control system, a power supply, and a housing design. It supports data transmission over public and private networks, and reduces the construction cost of existing methods for wireless transmission of wide-area IoT data. The present invention can greatly reduce the requirements for base station construction density for massive data transmission, avoiding problems such as land leasing and power supply required for base stations.

[0110] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained herein shall, unless otherwise specified or limited, be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Data acquisition subsystem design; S2: Information relay subsystem design; S3: Network access subsystem design; S4: UAV flight control system design; S5: Power supply system design; S6: Data relay system housing design.

2. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition subsystem includes a sensor information acquisition module, a LoRa data transmission terminal module and an H264 video encoding module; The sensor information acquisition module adopts RS485 bus and MODBUS-RTU protocol interface, and supports temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors and light sensors; The LoRa data transmission terminal module is connected to the sensor information acquisition module via the RS485 bus; The H264 video encoding module is divided into a NAL layer and a VCL layer.

3. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: The NAL layer splits a frame into multiple packets for transmission, and each Ethernet packet is no larger than 1500 bytes during the transmission process.

4. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: The VCL layer is responsible for compressing the original video data and dynamically setting the compression ratio to achieve adaptive transmission according to business requirements and link characteristics.

5. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The information relay subsystem includes hardware components and internal software; Among them, the hardware composition includes LoRa communication module, WiFi network card, central controller and 5G module.

6. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that: The internal software process is designed as follows: M1: The central controller polls sensor data and stores it; M2: Apply Aodv multi-hop routing protocol; M3: Central controller data analysis and processing; M4: Supports public network data transmission and private network data transmission.

7. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network access subsystem consists of a 5G base station, a 5G core network, and a service server, which are respectively equipped with a socket network for public network data transmission and a dedicated communication network system for private network data transmission; The dedicated communication network system consists of 5G Pico base stations, 5G core networks and service servers; The Socket network communication process includes the following steps: Q1. Server monitoring: The server is in the state of waiting for connection and monitoring the network status in real time; Q2. Client request: The client socket makes a connection request. The client socket first defines the socket of the target server, defines the IP address and port number of the server socket, and then makes a connection request to the server socket. Q3. Connection confirmation: When the server-side socket receives a connection request from the client-side socket, it responds to the client-side socket's request, establishes a new thread, and sends the server-side socket's configuration information to the client. Once the client confirms this information, the communication connection is established. At the same time, the server-side socket remains in a listening state and continues to receive connection requests from other clients.

8. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UAV flight control system includes: Flight control circuit boards, used to control fixed-wing, multi-rotor, smart cars, and mobile robotic architectures; The Raspberry Pi obtains information from the flight control circuit board and sends it to the ground station via UDP.

9. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply system uses a three-port 5521 mobile power supply to power the LoRa communication module, 5G module and Jetson NX development board. The WiFi network card is powered and driven by a central controller.

10. The method for transmitting wireless data of an air-ground integrated wide-area Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data relay system housing has a 5-hole 2-layer structure as follows: The four holes on the housing are used to place four 5G patch antennas respectively, and the other hole is used to place a LoRa radio frequency antenna; The housing is provided with a ventilating opening; The upper layer of the shell is used to place the sensor information acquisition module, LoRa data transmission terminal module, H264 video encoding module, LoRa communication module, WiFi network card, central controller and 5G module; A 12V power supply is placed on the lower layer of the shell.

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