Communication method for modulation and communication apparatus
By applying distinct modulation schemes to different transmission layers based on channel quality and resource availability, the method optimizes data transmission performance in wireless communication systems with multiple antennas.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/105870
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in improving transmission performance when using multiple antennas for spatial multiplexing due to variations in channel quality across transmission layers.
Applying different modulation schemes to different transmission layers based on channel quality and available resource elements to determine transport block size and coded bits, allowing for improved accuracy and efficiency in data transmission.
Enhances transmission performance by optimizing modulation schemes for each layer, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency in data transmission.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024105870_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR MODULATION AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUS
[0001] This application claims priority to Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Application PCT / CN2024 / 084179, entitled “METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR TBS DETERMINATION, RATE MATCHING AND SIGNALING FOR LAYER-BASED MODULATION ADAPTATION” , and filed on March 27, 2024. The disclosure of the aforementioned application is hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a communication method for modulation and a communication apparatus. The communication method for modulation and the communication apparatus may be used for a downlink transmission, a sidelink transmission, or an uplink transmission.BACKGROUND
[0003] Multiple antennas at a receiving apparatus and / or a transmitting apparatus have been well used for the wireless communications system to either improve the reliability or throughput. Multiple antennas at the receiving apparatus and / or the transmitting apparatus can be used to obtain diversity gain against fading channel or can be used to enable spatial multiplexing, that is, to transmit multiple data streams over multiple transmission layers in parallel at the same time frequency resource to increase throughput. When a spatial multiplexing scheme is used, transmissions may be over multiple transmission layers. How to improve transmission performance is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method for modulation and a communication apparatus. The application improves transmission performance.
[0005] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: modulating, using two or more modulation schemes, coded bits of a codeword into modulation symbols, where the two or more modulation schemes are applied to L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other, L≥2; mapping the modulation symbols to the L transmission layers for generating a signal; and transmitting the signal.
[0006] According to the above technical solution, two or more modulation schemes are applied to L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other. Instead of having the same modulation scheme for a codeword, modulation schemes can be different for different transmission layers within a codeword, and this allows improved performance over the same MCS per codeword.
[0007] In a possible design, where a transport block size (TBS) of the codeword is determined based on one or more of the following: a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers, a quantity of available resource elements for each transmission layer, a code rate of the codeword, and a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0008] In other words, the method further comprises: encoding data bits of a transport block to produce the coded bits of the codeword, where a transport block size (TBS) is determined based on one or more of the following: a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers, a quantity of available resource elements for each transmission layer, a code rate or target code rate of the codeword, and a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0009] According to the above technical solution, considering that modulation scheme corresponding to different transmission layers may be different, so the TBS of the codeword can be determined based on one or more of the above information, which improves the accuracy of the TBS.
[0010] In a possible design, the TBS meets the following form:
[0011] where:
[0012] N represents an intermediate variable related to the TBS; NRE represents the quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers; NRE_l represents the quantity of available resource elements for a transmission layer l of the L transmission layers; R represents the code rate of the codeword; ml represents a modulation order of a modulation scheme that is applied to the transmission layer l; and 0≤l≤L-1.
[0013] In a possible design, where a quantity of coded bits transmitted on the L transmission layers is determined based on: a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers and / or a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0014] According to the above technical solution, considering that modulation scheme corresponding to different transmission layers may be different, so the quantity of coded bits transmitted on the L transmission layers can be determined based on one or more of the above information.
[0015] In a possible design, where the quantity of coded bits meets the following form:
[0016] where:
[0017] G represents the quantity of coded bits; NRE represents the quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers; NRE_l represents the quantity of available resource elements for a transmission layer l of the L transmission layers; ml represents a modulation order of a modulation scheme that is applied to the transmission layer l; and 0≤l≤L-1.
[0018] According to the above technical solution, each resource elements on each transmission layer can carry a modulation symbol, thus the total number of bits it carries is the sum of bits carries on the modulation symbols in all L transmission layers on all available resource elements.
[0019] In a possible design, where the codeword comprises one or more code blocks (CBs) , where each transmission layer is mapped with an integer quantity of modulation symbols of each CB, and the quantity of modulation symbols on each transmission layer is the same for the same CB.
[0020] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: performing rate matching on coded bits of each CB, where a rate matching output sequence length for the rth CB meets the following form:
[0021] or,
[0022] where:
[0023] Er represents the rate matching output sequence length for the rth CB; ml represents a modulation order of a modulation scheme that is applied to the transmission layer l; C' is a quantity of the CBs; and 0≤l≤L-1.
[0024] In a possible design, where the two or more modulation schemes relate to channel quality of the L transmission layers.
[0025] According to the above technical solution, considering channel quality among different transmission layers may significantly varies, so a modulation scheme applied to a transmission layer can be determined based on channel quality of the transmission layer, which may improve transmission performance.
[0026] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: transmitting reference signals; receiving channel measurement results of the reference signals; and determining the two or more modulation schemes based on the channel measurement results.
[0027] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: transmitting first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.
[0028] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: receiving first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.
[0029] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: transmitting reference signals, where modulation information is determined based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.
[0030] In a possible design, where the channel measurement results comprise one or more of the following: a channel quality indicator (CQI) of each transmission layer, an overall CQI of the L transmission layers, reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of each transmission layer, overall RSRP of the L transmission layers, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each transmission layer, and an overall SINR of the L transmission layers.
[0031] In a possible design, where the first information comprises one or more of the following: a code rate of the codeword, a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each transmission layer, an overall MCS of the L transmission layers, overall spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, average spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, a modulation scheme distribution, a reference modulation scheme, and a delta modulation scheme, where the modulation distribution scheme indicates a distribution of the two or more modulation schemes on the L transmission layers, the delta modulation scheme indicates a difference between a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer and the reference modulation scheme.
[0032] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: receiving a signal on L transmission layers; and demodulating the signal based on two or more modulation schemes, where the two or more modulation schemes are applied to the L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other, L≥2.
[0033] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: receiving first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.
[0034] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: receiving transmitting reference signals; performing a channel measurement based on the reference signals; and transmitting channel measurement results of the reference signals, and the modulation information is determined based on the channel measurement results.
[0035] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: transmitting first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes, the two or more modulation schemes are determined based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.
[0036] In a possible design, where the method further comprises: receiving reference signals; performing a channel measurement based on the reference signals; and determining the two or more modulation schemes based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.
[0037] In a possible design, where the channel measurement results comprise one or more of the following: a channel quality indicator (CQI) of each transmission layer, an overall CQI of the L transmission layers, reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of each transmission layer, overall RSRP of the L transmission layers, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each transmission layer, and an overall SINR of the L transmission layers.
[0038] In a possible design, where the first information comprises one or more of the following: a code rate of the codeword, a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each transmission layer, an overall MCS of the L transmission layers, overall spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, average spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, a modulation scheme distribution, a reference modulation scheme, and a delta modulation scheme, where the modulation distribution scheme indicates a distribution of the two or more modulation schemes on the L transmission layers, the delta modulation scheme indicates a difference between a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer and the reference modulation scheme.
[0039] Various implementations of the second aspect to the fourth aspect correspond to various implementations of the first aspect. For the various implementations and the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the second aspect to the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0040] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, and configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects. Specifically, the apparatus includes a unit configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0041] According to a fourth aspect, another communication apparatus is provided, including a processor. The processor may be configured to execute one or more instructions, to implement the method in any possible implementation of the various aspects.
[0042] The processor can be coupled to a memory, and the processor may be configured to execute the one or more instructions in the memory. The memory may be an on-chip storage unit inside the processor, or may be an off-chip storage unit that is, coupled to the memory and located outside the processor.
[0043] In a possible design, the apparatus further includes the memory.
[0044] In a possible design, the apparatus further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.
[0045] In a possible design, the communication apparatus may be a UE, may be a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE, or may be a device including the UE.
[0046] In a possible design, the communication apparatus may be a base station, may be a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station, or may be a device including the base station.
[0047] According to a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a communication apparatus, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0048] According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product including one or more instructions is provided. When the instructions are executed by a computer, a communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0049] According to a seventh aspect, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is executed by a computer, a communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0050] According to an eighth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first apparatus and / or a second apparatus, the first apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0051] According to a ninth aspect, an apparatus for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects is provided.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100;
[0054] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c;
[0055] FIG. 4 is an example of units or modules in a device;
[0056] FIG. 5 is an example of a channel model of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system;
[0057] FIG. 6 is an example of a process in which the base station obtains channel state information (CSI) ;
[0058] FIG. 7 is an example of a process of coding and layer mapping;
[0059] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0060] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 900 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0061] FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1000 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0062] FIG. 11 is an example of different modulations can be applied among different layers within a CB;
[0063] FIG. 12 is an example of coding, modulation and layer mapping process;
[0064] FIG. 13 is an example of a bit interleaving process;
[0065] FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;
[0066] FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0067] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0068] The technical solutions in embodiments of this application may be applied to various communication systems, such as a fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, a new ratio (NR) wireless communication system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a satellite communication system, a device to device (D2D) communication system, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system, a machine to machine (M2M) communication system, a machine type communication (MTC) communication system, an internet of things (IoT) communication system, or future network (or future wireless communication system) . And the technical solutions in embodiments of this application may also be applied to beam-related communication scenarios, e.g., centimeter wave communication and millimeter wave communication.
[0069] For ease of understanding of the embodiments of this application, a communication system shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 4 is used as an example to describe in detail a communication system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a future radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (ED) 110a-110j (generically referred to as ED 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also, the communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0071] Referring to FIG. 2, an example communication system 100 is illustrated. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0072] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system may be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a-120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a-170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a-170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 120c, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0073] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other T-TRP 170a-170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0074] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0075] The air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs and one or multiple NT-TRPs for multicast transmission.
[0076] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0077] Referring to FIG. 3, an example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c is illustrated. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0078] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or an apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to as other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also, as shown in FIG. 3, an NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one or more of: connection availability or connection necessity.
[0079] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0080] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0081] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0082] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be reference signals transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using reference signals received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0083] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0084] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a hardware accelerator such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.
[0085] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , radio unit (RU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distribute unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the foregoing devices or apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the foregoing devices.
[0086] The CU (or CU-control plane (CP) and CU-user plane (UP) ) , DU or RU may be known by other names in some implementations. For example, in an open RAN (ORAN) system, the CU may also be referred to as open CU (O-CU) , DU may also be referred to as open DU (O-DU) , CU-CP may also be referred to open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) , CU-UP may also be referred to as open CU-UP (O-CU-CP) , and RU may also be referred to open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP) , DU, or RU may be implemented through a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware modules.
[0087] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0088] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as a common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0089] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations related to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0090] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and executed by the processor 260.
[0091] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0092] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC.
[0093] The NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example. The NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0094] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0095] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0096] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0097] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4.
[0098] Referring to (A) of FIG. 4, as an illustrative example of units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0099] Referring to (B) of FIG. 4, as an illustrative example apparatus 410. For example, The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0100] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0101] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0102] While not shown, the transmitting module and the receiving module may be part of, or combined into, a transceiver module. A transceiver module may also be known as an interface module, or simply an interface, for inputting and outputting operations.
[0103] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0104] Hereafter, a base station is used as an example of T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172, and the UE is used as an example of ED 110. However, limitation is not made herein.
[0105] For ease of understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following briefly describes several terms used in this application.
[0106] 1) MIMO
[0107] MIMO technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The above ED110 and T-TRP 170, and / or NT-TRP use MIMO to communicate over wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitting apparatus and / or receiving apparatus to transmit the wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may bond parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0108] In recent years, a MIMO (large-scale MIMO) wireless communication system with the above T-TRP 170, and / or NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from the academia and the industry. In the large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (such as 128 or 256) , and serves for dozens of the EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 can greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectrum efficiency and power efficiency, and eliminate the interference between cells to a large extent. The increase in the number of antennas allows each antenna unit to be made smaller and at a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 of each cell can communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectrum efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 is reduced, and the power efficiency is greatly increased. When the number of antennas of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be close to be orthogonal, and the interference between the cell and the users and the effect of noises can be eliminated. The plurality of advantages described above enable the large-scale MIMO to have a magnificent application prospect. MIMO technology may include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , where signals on multiple spatial layers are transmitted to a same ED, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple EDs.
[0109] A MIMO system may include a receiving apparatus connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitting apparatus connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna, and a signal processor connected to the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a ULA antenna array in which the plurality of antennas is arranged in a line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target. The receiving apparatus may be an ED (i.e. ED110) and the transmitting apparatus may be a T-TRP or NT-TRP (i.e. T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) , or the receiving apparatus may be a T-TRP or NT-TRP (i.e. T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) and the transmitting apparatus may be an ED (i.e. ED110) .
[0110] Referring to FIG. 5, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication scenario is provided. Specifically, FIG. 5 is an example of a channel model of a MIMO system. A transmitting apparatus is connected to four Tx antennas, x1 to x4, a receiving apparatus is connected to four Rx antennas, y1 to y4, and a transmission channel may be formed between each Tx antenna and each Rx antenna. For example, an RF signal transmitted through x1 may be received by y2 through channel h21. The RF signal transmitted through x3 may be received by y1 through channel h13.
[0111] Hereafter, a base station is used as an example of T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172, and the UE is used as an example of ED 110. However, limitation is not made herein.
[0112] 2) Channel coding
[0113] Channel coding is an indispensable module in communications systems that encode K information bits into N code bits to provide error correction capability against adversary channel condition such as noise and interference. The code rate is R=K / N. In practice, the code rate R is selected according to channel quality.
[0114] In one example, the channel coding includes polar codes. Polar codes are capacity-achieving codes and thus a great breakthrough in coding theory. As code length approaches infinity, the synthesized channels (or subchannels) become either noiseless or pure noise. The noiseless subchannels are utilized to transport information, and their proportion is proven to achieve the channel capacity defined by Shannon. The above-mentioned channel polarization phenomenon occurs under successive cancellation (SC) or SC-based decoding, which has a relatively low complexity.
[0115] In another example, the channel coding includes Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. LDPC codes are capacity-approaching codes. LDPC codes are usually defined by a parity-check matrix, which has far more zeros than ones, thus having low density. By properly designing the positions of ones in the matrix, the decoding performance can be improved. Although LDPC codes can be viewed as a type of random codes, introducing structures can facilitate its hardware implementations of both encoder and decoder. Quasi-cyclic is such a structure that first defines a smaller base matrix or base graph (BG) , and then perform “lifting” by replacing its ones with a cyclic shifted version of identity matrix.
[0116] LDPC code is a channel coding scheme very close to Shannon line, and features good performance and low complexity. Currently, LDPC has been adopted as data channel coding schemes by 3GPP 5G new radio (NR) and IEEE 802.11 systems.
[0117] The LDPC code is encoded by through a parity-check matrix. A widely-adopted LDPC code has a QC structure, and a shifting value of each block is designed to avoid a bad structure such as a short circle, and improve a code distance. At present, the main decoding algorithms for LDPC codes are Min-Sum (MS) and Belief Propagation (BP) . In terms of decoding performance, the BP decoding algorithm is better, but it has a large amount of information storage and a complex computation overhead, which is not convenient to hardware implementation. Therefore, Offset-MS and Normalized-MS decoding algorithms are used in realistic communication systems. The LDPC codes implemented in practice is to extend the “1” in the basic graph (BG) by a square matrix, which is a cyclic shifted version of an identity matrix. The BG of QC-LDPC code can be defined by BG= (X, Y, F) , where X corresponds to a variable, Y corresponds to a check equation, and F is its edge connections. The Tanner graph is obtained after QC lifting with an expansion factor Zc. That is, a bipartite graph G= (V, C, E) , where V is a variable node, C is a check node, E is a connected edge, and a corresponding parity matrix column quantity N=|V|=Zc |X|. The quantity of rows of the check matrix M=|C|=Zc |Y|, and a quantity of non-zero elements of the check matrix is |E|=Z|F|.
[0118] 5G data channels support information block length ranging from 1 to 8448. The standard describes two parity-check matrices: BG1 and BG2. The same base graph, lifted by different lifting sizes, can adapt to a wide set of different code rates and lengths. To achieve this, one only needs to store the Lifting Size and Shifting Value lists in the look-up tables, and rate matching and IR-HARQ based on the tables.
[0119] In NR LDPC codes, a codeword before rate matching (referred as a mother codeword) typically consists of three disjoint portions or parts, i.e., systematic bits, core parity check bits and extended parity check bits. In NR LDPC code, four different redundancy versions (RVs) including RV0, RV1, RV2 and RV3 are generated after rate matching. In initial transmission, RV0 is normally selected in which most of the systematic bits are included in the set of coded bits. Meanwhile, depending on the effective code rate, part of core parity bits or all core parity check bits and extended parity bits are included in RV0. As a result, RV0 has the highest self-decodable ability among all RVs (i.e., RV0 can be self-decodable at highest code rate) . In retransmission, the transmitter may select RV1, RV2 or RV3. Nevertheless, only RV3 is self-decodable, while RV1 and RV2 are not self-decodable at high code rate. The main reason is that, at some code rates, RV1 and RV2 may only consist of parity check bits, resulting in unsuccessfully decoding at the receiver.
[0120] 3) Rate matching
[0121] Rate matching is performed after channel encoding, by either puncturing, shortening or repeating some code bits. The purpose is to obtain a code bit sequence of desired length for transmission over limited channel resources.
[0122] 4) Channel interleaver
[0123] The channel interleaver is applied after channel encoding and rate matching by permuting the code bits. The purpose is to provide stable or superior performance under high-order modulation or in fading channel.
[0124] 5) Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)
[0125] HARQ is a mechanism to provide reliable wireless transmission. It combines forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) . In HARQ, the initial transmission is a FEC code word with CRC bits to support error detection at the receiver. If a decoding error is detected, the receiver will send back a NACK signaling to inform the transmitter of the error, and request for a retransmission. The retransmitted bits can be directly selected from the initially transmitted bits, or incrementally generated code bits which form a longer code word with the initially transmitted bits. The former is called chase-combining HARQ (CC-HARQ) and the latter is called incremental-redundancy HARQ (IR-HARQ) . Typically, IR-HARQ outperforms CC-HARQ with the additional coding gain from incremental redundancy.
[0126] 6) Antenna port
[0127] Antenna port, which may also be referred to as port for short, is a transmit antenna identified by a receiving apparatus, or a transmit antenna that can be distinguished in spatial domain. For each virtual antenna, one antenna port may be configured, and each virtual antenna may be a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas. Each antenna port may correspond to one reference signal port.
[0128] 7) Reference signal and channel estimation
[0129] In a MIMO system, to implement functions such as system synchronization, channel information feedback, and data transmission, channel estimation needs to be performed on an uplink channel or a downlink channel. Channel estimation refers to the process of reconstructing or restoring received signals to compensate for signal distortion caused by channel fading and noise. In channel estimation, reference signals predicted by a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus may be used to track a change in the time domain and / or frequency domain of a channel, so as to reconstruct or restore a received signal. The reference signals may also be referred to as a pilot signal, a reference sequence or the like, and are described as reference signals in the following for ease of understanding. The reference signal includes, for example, a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase track reference signal (PT-RS) , or a cell reference signal (CRS) . The reference signals listed above are merely examples, and shall not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not exclude the possibility that other reference signals are defined in a future protocol to implement the same or similar function.
[0130] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the CSI-RS is described in detail by example below. The CSI-RS is mainly used for downlink channel estimation corresponding to a physical antenna port. For example, a receiving apparatus (i.e. a UE) may perform channel estimation on each physical antenna port based on a CSI-RS sent by a transmitting apparatus ( (i.e. a base station) , to feedback channel state information (CSI) based on a channel estimation result. The CSI may include one or more of: a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , and a layer indicator (LI) . The CSI is used to reconstruct or precode the downlink channel. In some implementations, a process in which the base station obtains CSI may include: sending, by the base station, reference signals to the UE; obtaining, by the UE, an estimated CSI value according to the received reference signals, selecting a precoding vector from a codebook according to the estimated CSI value, and feeding back an index of the precoding vector to the base station; and determining, by the base station, a CSI reconstruction value with reference to the index of the precoding vector. The CSI reconstruction value can be CSI closest to the true value of the CSI that can be obtained by the base station.
[0131] In an implementation, a transmitting apparatus maps a sequence of reference signals to certain physical resources, and transmits the reference signals over the certain physical resources, where the sequence of reference signals and the physical resources are known to both the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus receiving the reference signals. Thus, the receiving apparatus could perform channel estimation based on the received reference signals.
[0132] Referring to FIG. 6, in some implementations, a process in which the base station obtains CSI may include: sending, by the base station, reference signals to the UE; obtaining, by the UE, an estimated CSI value according to the received reference signals, selecting a precoding vector from a codebook according to the estimated CSI value, and feeding back an index of the precoding vector to the base station; and determining, by the base station, a CSI reconstruction value with reference to the index of the precoding vector. The CSI reconstruction value can be CSI closest to the true value of the CSI that can be obtained by the base station.
[0133] The process of transmitting reference signals described below may be performed by a base station, or may be performed by a UE. The process of measuring a channel may be performed by the UE when the base station transmits the reference signals, and may be performed by the base station when the UE transmits the reference signals. For ease of description, an apparatus that transmits the reference signals is herein after referred to as a transmitting apparatus and an apparatus that measures a channel based on the reference signals is herein after referred to as a receiving apparatus.
[0134] 8) codeword (CW) -to-layer mapping
[0135] Multiple antenna at the transmit device (e.g., a first apparatus) and / or receive device (e.g., a second apparatus) side has been well used for wireless communications system to either improve the reliability or throughput. The communication scheme is usually known as MIMO communications. Multiple antennas at the transmit device and / or receive device can be used to obtain diversity gain against fading channel or can be used to enable spatial multiplexing, that is, to transmit multiple data streams over multiple layers in parallel at the same time frequency resource to increase throughput.
[0136] When a spatial multiplexing scheme is used, transmissions may be over multiple transmission layers. A transmission layer refers to a data stream that is transmitted. In the case of MIMO transmissions, there are at least two transmission layers, or more generally L transmission layers (where L is an integer greater than or equal to 2) . The L transmission layers are mapped to N antennas (which are fed to respective transmission antennas (or antenna ports) ) by means of a MIMO precoder matrix of size N x L, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Generally, the number of transmission layers (i.e., L, also referred to as the transmission rank or, simply, the rank) is less than or equal to the number of antennas (i.e., N) . In the present application, there are at least two transmission layers for MIMO transmission, and the transmission layers may be referred to as MIMO layers.
[0137] In 5G new radio (NR) , up to 8 MIMO layer in a single transmission is supported. For MIMO transmission in cellular system, the transmit device may first encode the information data block into a codeword (CW) , the CW is then modulated and mapped to multiple MIMO layers before precoding, this process is usually known as CW-to-layer mappings. In NR, up to two CWs in a single transmission, with each CW mapped to a max of 4 layers are supported.
[0138] 9) Coding, modulation and layer mapping process
[0139] Referring to FIG. 7, one example of the overall procedure for coding, modulation and layer mapping process is shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, the transport block (TB) information may be segmented into one or multiple code blocks before encoding. Each code block is encoded and rate matched separately. Coded bits obtained after rate marching may be concatenated into a single code bit stream as a codeword. The CB segmentation and concatenation process are not required for a single CB. In addition, if there are multiple CBs, alternatively, each CB may be modulated and mapped to transmission layers separately. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be optionally appended to the TB as well as each CB, which is not shown in FIG. 7. The output coded bit stream, or the CW, may be optionally scrambled first. The CW is then modulated and mapped to one or multiple transmission layers. After modulation and layer mapping, complex value vector corresponding to a signal is then precoded by a multiple antenna precoding process, then it goes through resource mapping and is transmitted through multiple physical antennas. The rate matching process may optionally include bit selection, subblock interleaving and bit interleaving. The process can be applicable to uplink transmission or downlink transmission. In some scenarios, e.g. in uplink transmission, there may be transform precoding or discrete fourier transform (DFT) based precoding process for transmission using DFT-OFDM that is not shown in FIG. 7.
[0140] In future wireless communications, terabytes MIMO (T-MIMO) or massive MIMO (m-MIMO) may have the transmit device and / or the receive device equipped with large number of antennas and support transmission over a number of transmission layers (e.g., two or more transmission layers, and potentially an even larger number of transmission layers) . The channel quality among different transmission layers may significantly varies.
[0141] The “transmission layer” is referred to as a “layer” in some embodiments for the sake of brevity.
[0142] One potential solution to CW-to-layer mapping schemes is to use one CW map to each transmission layer. This allows maximizing throughput when accurate link adaptation is available. However, the mapping scheme may incur significant overhead to the system, and can be impractical especially with a large number of layers. The overhead may include: HARQ feedback overhead, HARQ process management overhead, signaling overhead, and CSI feedback overhead. In addition, CB length can be very different for different layers, which may impact performance for some short-length CBs, and also makes segmentation more complicated.
[0143] Therefore, the present application aims to provide an efficient, robust and low overhead solution for codeword (CW) for MIMO communications that has at least two transmission layers. Some embodiments relate to solutions for MIMO communications having a significant (e.g., large) number of transmission layers.
[0144] Some embodiments of the present application include or relate to a solution that one CW is mapped to a number of layers. Those layers may have varying channel quality. The mapping scheme can reduce the complexity and signaling, as well as obtain spatial diversity.
[0145] Some embodiments of the present application include or relate to a layer-based modulation adaptation scheme, that is, instead of having the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each codeword (CW) , modulation schemes can be different for different transmission layers within one CW. This allows improved performance over the same MCS per CW. The layer-based modulation adaptation scheme, also can be referred to as a modulation adaptation scheme.
[0146] The proposed solution uses cross layer coding with modulation adaptation: consider a single CB mapped to a significant number of MIMO layers, with different modulation schemes used for different transmission layers based on layer channel quality.
[0147] Furthermore, some embodiments of the present application include or relate to solutions to the following procedure for the layer based modulation adaptation: 1) TBS determination; 2) determination of total number of coded bits available to transmission; 3) determination of number of coded bits for each code block; 4) indication of MCS; 5) bit sequence to modulation symbol mapping.
[0148] The following describes the embodiments of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0149] In embodiments of this application, communicating includes transmitting (or sending) and / or receiving unless otherwise specified.
[0150] In the embodiments of this application, “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one” means one or more. “At least one of A and B” , similar to “A and / or B” , describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, at least one of A and B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
[0151] In the following, for easy of description, a first apparatus and a second apparatus are taken as examples. The first apparatus (or be referred to as a first communication apparatus) can be a communication device or the components of the communication device (such as chip or system on chip or circuit or communication module) , and the second apparatus (or be referred to as a second communication apparatus) can be a communication device or the components of the communication device (such as chip or system on chip or circuit or communication module) .
[0152] Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0153] At S810, a first apparatus modulates, using two or more modulation schemes, coded bits of a codeword into modulation symbols, where the two or more modulation schemes are applied to L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other, L≥2.
[0154] Instead of having the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each codeword (CW) , modulation schemes can be different for different transmission layers within a CW, which can be considered a layer-based modulation adaptation scheme. The “layer-based modulation adaptation scheme” is referred to as a “modulation adaptation scheme” in some embodiments for the sake of brevity.
[0155] That a modulation scheme is applied to a transmission layer means that the first apparatus modulates bits using the modulation scheme and obtains modulation symbols, and the modulation symbols are mapped to the transmission layer. In this application, if a modulation scheme is applied to a transmission layer, then the modulation scheme can be considered as a corresponding modulation scheme of the transmission layer, or the transmission layer can be considered as a corresponding transmission layer of the modulation scheme.
[0156] Assuming the codeword is mapped to transmission layer 0 to L-1, each of the modulation symbols corresponding to a transmission layer l is modulated with ml coded bits corresponding to different bit locations, and ml is a modulation order of a modulation scheme that is applied to the transmission layer l, 1≤l≤L, where L is the total number of transmission layers mapped for this codeword. The total number of transmission layers may be more than the number of transmission layers mapped to the codeword, and this application are only concerned about the number of transmission layers mapped to the codeword.
[0157] One of the two or more modulation schemes can be applied to one transmission layer of the L transmission layers, or one of the two or more modulation schemes can be applied to one transmission layer group of the L transmission layers.
[0158] In this application, each of the L transmission layers may be considered individually for its reliability. However, to reduce complexity, in some other embodiments, some of the transmission layers maybe bundled together as a group (i.e., transmission layer group) . For example, the L transmission layers are divided into X transmission layer groups, the two or more modulation schemes are applied to the X transmission layer groups, where X is an integer greater than two.
[0159] In some embodiments, the first apparatus is a UE, or a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE;or the first apparatus is a base station, or a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station.
[0160] At S820, the first apparatus maps the modulation symbols to the L transmission layers for generating a signal.
[0161] The signal corresponds to the codeword, and specifically, the signal is obtained by processing the codeword, for example, the signal is obtained by mapping the modulation symbols to the L transmission layers, or the signal is obtained by mapping the modulation symbols to the L transmission layers and then some processing, e.g., precoding process, resource mapping.
[0162] Optionally, the method 800 further includes S830.
[0163] At S830, the first apparatus transmits the signal.
[0164] Correspondingly, a second apparatus receives the signal.
[0165] The second apparatus is a UE, or a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE; or the second apparatus is a base station, or a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station.
[0166] In some embodiments, the two or more modulation schemes relate to channel quality of the L transmission layers. According to the embodiments, the two or more modulation schemes can be determined based on the channel quality of the L transmission layers. The channel quality of the L transmission layers can be determined based on channel measurement results.
[0167] The first apparatus can determine the two or more modulation schemes by the following two implementations.
[0168] In a possible implementation, the first apparatus receives first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes, and correspondingly, the second apparatus transmits the first information. Specifically, the second apparatus can determine the two or more modulation schemes based on the channel quality of the L transmission layers, and the second apparatus transmits the first information to the first apparatus.
[0169] The first information may be used for indicating the two or more modulation schemes; or in other words, the first information may be used for indicating a modulation scheme for each of the L transmission layers; or in other words, the first information may be used for indicating information related to the layer-based modulation adaptation scheme.
[0170] In another possible implementation, the first apparatus determines the two or more modulation schemes by itself. Specifically, the first apparatus determines the two or more modulation schemes based on the channel quality of the L transmission layers. Optionally, the method 800 further include: the first apparatus transmits the first information, and correspondingly, the second apparatus receives the first information. The second apparatus can decode (e.g., demodulate) the signal received on the L transmission layers based on the first information.
[0171] The following is illustrated by combining two scenarios.
[0172] Scenario#1, the second apparatus is a UE, and the first apparatus is a base station. In this scenario#1, the first apparatus (i.e., the UE) can determine the two or more modulation schemes by itself.
[0173] Referring to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 900 for scenario#1 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0174] Optionally, at 910, the base station transmits reference signals. Correspondingly, the UE receives the reference signals.
[0175] The reference signal is a downlink reference signal, e.g. a CSI-RS, a DMRS, a PT-RS, or a CRS.
[0176] Optionally, at 920, the UE performs channel measurement based on the reference signals, and obtains channel measurement results.
[0177] The channel measurement results can also be referred to as CSI.
[0178] Optionally, at 930, the UE transmits the channel measurement results. Correspondingly, the base station receives the channel measurement results.
[0179] In other words, at S930, the UE feedback CSI based on the channel measurement.
[0180] At 940, the base station determines the two or more modulation schemes based on the channel measurement results, and then performs encoding, modulation and layer mapping.
[0181] The channel measurement results may include information that is used to help the base station do the layer-based modulation adaptation scheme. In other words, the channel measurement results may include information that is used to help the base station determine a modulation scheme for each of the L transmission layers.
[0182] How the base station determines the modulation scheme will be explained in detail later.
[0183] At 950, the base station transmits DCI to schedule a PDSCH transmission (or data transmission, or DL data transmission) .
[0184] Correspondingly, the UE receives the DCI.
[0185] The DCI may carry the first information, that is, the DCI may additionally indicate the layer-based modulation scheme information for the UE.
[0186] At 960, the base station transmits PDSCH.
[0187] Correspondingly, the UE receives the PDSCH, and the UE decodes the PDSCH based on the DCI.
[0188] Scenario#2, the second apparatus is a base station, and the first apparatus is a UE. In this scenario#2, the first apparatus (i.e., the UE) can receive the first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.
[0189] Referring to FIG. 10, FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1000 for scenario#2 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0190] Optionally, at 1010, the UE transmits reference signals. Correspondingly, the base station receives the reference signals.
[0191] The reference signal is an uplink reference signal, e.g. an SRS, or a DMRS.
[0192] Optionally, at 1020, the base station performs channel measurement based on the reference signals, and determines the two or more modulation schemes.
[0193] Specifically, the base station determines channel quality of each of the L transmission layers based on the channel measurement, and then the base station can determine a modulation scheme for each of the L transmission layers based on the channel quality of each of the L transmission layers.
[0194] At 1030, the base station transmits DCI to schedule a PUSCH transmission (or data transmission, or UL data transmission) .
[0195] Correspondingly, the UE receives the DCI. The DCI carries the first information, that is, the DCI indicates the two or more modulation schemes.
[0196] At 1040, the UE performs encoding, modulation and layer mapping.
[0197] At 1050, the UE transmits PUSCH.
[0198] Correspondingly, the base station receives the PUSCH.
[0199] Some embodiments of the present application relate to layer order modulation adaptation among the same CBs within one codeword mapped to a number of the transmission layers (e.g., two or more transmission layers, or optionally a large number of transmission layers) . Each modulation scheme is applied to one transmission layer or a group of transmission layers independently in a single CB. Different modulation schemes can be applied among different transmission layers or different groups of transmission layers within a CB. This can, for example, address one of the performance issues of the current single MCS for each codeword scheme, where the modulation scheme is not optimal for each transmission layer. For a transmission layer with high channel quality, the modulation order is lower than it should be, which limits the potential throughput support of the transmission layer. For a bad transmission layer, the modulation order is higher than the optimal one, which also causes lower overall reliability contribution. Another benefit for modulation adaptation is as follows: cross-layer CB with modulation adaptation allows each CB to have a similar block length, which minimizes complexity in segmentation and signaling while maximizing coding gain.
[0200] FIG. 11 is an example of a modulation adaptation scheme for multiple transmission layers. As shown in FIG. 11, each codeword is mapped to 4 transmission layers, which means each CB corresponding to the codeword is also mapped across the 4 transmission layers. In the modulation adaptation scenario, the 4 transmission layers are applied with potentially different modulation schemes, each of which, for example, is adapted based on the channel quality of each transmission layer. In the example, 64QAM, 16QAM, 16QAM and QPSK modulation schemes are adopted for transmission layer 1 to transmission layer 4, which corresponds to modulation order ml that equals 6, 4, 4, 2, respectively.
[0201] FIG. 12 is an overall procedure of encoding, modulation and layer mapping processes. FIG. 12 can refer to FIG. 7, the difference is that, a base station determines the MCS of each transmission layer based on CSI feedback or channel measurement, then the base station determines a TBS and the total number of coded bits can be transmitted. Then the base station may determine the number of coded bits per CB for the rate matching process. These steps are described in detail below. In the following, this application is mainly introduced by taking the transmission layer (i.e., L transmission layers) as an example, transmission layer based can be generalized to transmission layer group based, for example, per-transmission layer feedback, MCS determination, and MCS and modulation indication can be generalized to transmission layer group based. As an example, if the CSI feedback scheme include CQI per-transmission layer, then for a layer-group based scheme, the CSI feedback scheme may include CQI per-transmission layer group. In another example, modulation scheme is indicated per-transmission layer, then in the generalized scheme, modulation scheme can be indicated per-transmission layer group.
[0202] MCS determination for layer adaptation
[0203] In some embodiments, the modulation scheme for each transmission layer or transmission layer group may be determined based on per-transmission layer CQI feedback or per-transmission layer group CQI feedback. In the following, a modulation scheme is applied to a transmission layer is used as an example, where that a modulation scheme is applied to a transmission layer can also be replaced by that a modulation scheme is applied to a transmission layer group. In addition, as mentioned earlier, in this application, the modulation scheme of different transmission layers can be different, which will not be repeated later.
[0204] The following provides some examples of how a modulation scheme for each transmission layer and a code rate are determined. However, in many scenarios, the modulation scheme for each transmission layer may be up to the base station’s decision on what modulation to be used for each transmission layer.
[0205] In some embodiments, the CQI feedback (i. g., channel measurement results) comprises one or more of: a CQI of each transmission layer or transmission layer group, an overall CQI of the L transmission layers, a reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of each transmission layer or transmission layer group, an overall RSRP of the L transmission layers, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each transmission layer or transmission layer group, and an overall SINR of the L transmission layers. In the following, combined with content of CQI feedback, several possible implementations are introduced.
[0206] CQI, as channel quality indicator, may represent a channel quality measurement result, and can be in the form of SINR, signal to noise ratio (SNR) , a corresponding MCS, or any other measurements that can represent channel quality. For example, UE can measure the overall channel quality a codeword experience for a given precoder (e.g. indicated in PMI) , then indicate the CQI in the form of a highest MCS in a CQI table, which still satisfies a block error rate (BLER) below a given threshold (e.g. 10-1) .
[0207] In a possible implementation, a CQI indicates an overall code rate and a modulation scheme for each transmission layer. In this implementation, the base station can determine the MCS based on the CQI. In other words, the overall code rate and modulation scheme for each transmission layer can be used directly.
[0208] In another possible implementation, a CQI indicates a modulation scheme for each transmission layer . In this implementation, the base station can determine a modulation scheme for each transmission layer based on the CQI and calculate an overall code rate. In other words, the modulation scheme for each transmission layer can be used directly, and the overall code rate can be obtained by calculation. For example, the base station can calculate the overall code rate based on the same spectral efficiency as MCS per transmission layer.
[0209] In another possible implementation, a CQI indicates a SINR of each transmission layer. In this implementation, the base station can determine a modulation scheme for each transmission layer based on the SINR of each transmission layer; then the base station can determine an overall SINR of the codeword based on the SINR of each transmission layer mapped to the codeword (e.g. exponential effective SINR mapping (EESM) , and / or mutual information-effective SINR mapping (MI-ESM) ) , and can determine an overall MCS or spectral efficiency based on the overall SINR; and then the base station can determine an overall code rate based on the overall MCS or spectral efficiency and the modulation scheme for each transmission layer. In some other implementation, the SINR in the implementation above can be replaced with other parameters, e.g., the SINR can be replaced with RSRP or other parameters which reflects the channel condition.
[0210] Briefly, steps for determining a MCS for a modulation adaptation scheme can be summarized as follows:
[0211] 1) the base station or UE determines a modulation scheme for each transmission layer (i.e., per-transmission layer modulation scheme) based on a per-transmission layer CQI, or a per-transmission layer MCS, or a per-transmission layer modulation scheme;
[0212] 2) the base station or UE determines overall spectral efficiency based on one or more of: an overall CQI, an overall MCS, overall spectral efficiency; and
[0213] 3) the base station or UE determines an overall code rate based on the modulation scheme for each transmission layer and the overall spectral efficiency.
[0214] After determining the overall code rate and modulation schemes for each layer, the base station or UE can perform encoding and modulation based on the modulation schemes for each transmission layer and overall code rate. The base station or UE can signal the corresponding information (the overall code rate and modulation schemes) for each transmission layer.
[0215] In another scenario, instead of feedbacking CQI for each transmission layer, UE may compute a suggested overall code rate and modulation schemes for each transmission layer based on similar determination process described above, and UE may feedback the information to base station. And base station may use this feedback information along with other information base station possesses to make the decision on the modulation schemes for each transmission layer and overall code rate and signal the corresponding information to the UE.
[0216] TBS determination
[0217] In some embodiments, a transport block size (TBS) can be determined based on allocated resources and a target MCS. With a modulation adaptation scheme, the TBS can be determined based on one or more of: a quantity of resource elements (REs) , an overall code rate, and a modulation scheme for each transmission layer. TBS or the intermediate value to derive TBS can be proportional to one or more of the following factors: the number of resource elements available for transmission, the overall code rate, as well as the sum of modulation orders of all transmission layers (i.e. ) that mapped to the codeword, where “aquantity of” can be referred to as “anumber of” , e.g., the quantity of REs can be referred to the number of REs.
[0218] In a possible implementation, the TBS meets Form 1 or Form 2.
[0219] Form 1:
[0220] where:
[0221] Ninfo represents a unquantized intermediate variable related to the TBS, or approximately the number of information bits (or TBS) ;
[0222] NRE_l represents the quantity of available resource elements for a transmission layer l of the L transmission layers, in other words, NRE_l represents the total number of resource elements available for transmission for the transmission layer l;
[0223] R represents the code rate of the codeword, in other words, R represents the overall code rate; and
[0224] ml represents a modulation order of a modulation scheme that is applied to the transmission layer l, 0≤l≤L-1.
[0225] Form 2:
[0226] where:
[0227] NRE represents the quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers, in other words, NRE represents the total number of resource elements available for transmission. In Form 2, resource elements for each of the L transmission layers can be considered the same. The other parameters in Form 2 can refer to the description in Form 1.
[0228] The above Form 1 and Form 2 are examples and this application is not limited to it. For example, the TBS may be changed slightly from the above Form 1 or Form 2 to make sure the TBS is divisible by the number of CBs, while each CB should have a CB size (number of information bits of each CB) that is among a limited set of possible CB sizes, and other restrictions.
[0229] Taking downlink transmission as an example, an example of potential more detailed TBS determination process is shown below.
[0230] 1) The UE determines the number of REs (NRE) within the slot.
[0231] 2) Then, the UE determines the number of REs allocated for PDSCH within a physical resource block (PRB) by:
[0232] where: N'RE represents the number of REs allocated for PDSCH within a PRB; represents the number of subcarriers in a PRB, e.g., represents the number of symbols of the PDSCH allocation within the slot; is the number of REs for DM-RS per PRB in the scheduled duration including the overhead of the DM-RS CDM groups without data, as indicated by DCI format 1_1, 1_2 or 1_3 or as described for format 1_0 in Clause 5.1.6.2; and is the overhead configured by higher layer parameter xOverhead in PDSCH-ServingCellConfig.
[0233] If the xOverhead in PDSCH-ServingCellConfig is not configured (avalue from 6, 12, or 18) , the is set to 0. The UE determines the total number of REs allocated for PDSCH by where nPRB represents the total number of allocated PRBs for the UE.
[0234] Taking Form 2 as an example, the unquantized intermediate variable Ninfo can be obtained by:
[0235] TBS is determined based on the value range of Ninfo.
[0236] In a possible implementation, if Ninfo≤3824 , TBS is determined based on where furthermore, using Table 1 to find the closest TBS that is not less than N'info; if Ninfo>3824 , TBS is determined based on where
[0237] Furthermore, if Ninfo>3824, In a possible implementation, TBS is determined based on R and the valuerange of N'info . For example, if R≤1 / 4, where if R>1 / 4 and N'info>8424, where if R>1 / 4 and N'info≤8424,
[0238] The above implementation is explained in code form below. The following code is just an example, and for the person skilled in the art, they can understand the meaning of the code.
[0239] If Ninfo≤3824
[0240] Use step 3 as the next step of the TBS determination
[0241] else
[0242] Use step 4 as the next step of the TBS determination
[0243] end if
[0244] 3) When Ninfo≤3824, TBS is determined as follows:
[0245] -quantized intermediate number of information bits where
[0246] -use Table 1 to find the closest TBS that is not less thanN'info.
[0247] Table 1: TBS for Ninfo≤3824
[0248] 4) When Ninfo>3824, TBS is determined as follows:
[0249] -quantized intermediate number of information bits where and ties in the round function are broken towards the next largest integer.
[0250] - if R≤1 / 4
[0251] where
[0252] else
[0253] if N'info>8424
[0254] where
[0255] else
[0256] end if
[0257] end if
[0258] else if Table 2 is used and 28≤IMCS≤31,
[0259] Table 2: MCS index table for PDSCH
[0260] -the TBS is assumed to be determined from the DCI transported in the latest PDCCH for the same transport block using0≤IMCS≤27. If there is no PDCCH for the same transport block using0≤IMCS≤27, and if the initial PDSCH for the same transport block is semi-persistently scheduled, the TBS shall be determined from the most recent semi-persistent scheduling assignment PDCCH.
[0261] else if Table 3 is used and 27≤IMCS≤31,
[0262] Table 3: MCS index table for PDSCH
[0263] -the TBS is assumed to be determined from the DCI transported in the latest PDCCH for the same transport block using 0≤IMCS≤26 . If there is no PDCCH for the same transport block using 0≤IMCS≤26 , and if the initial PDSCH for the same transport block is semi-persistently scheduled, the TBS shall be determined from the most recent semi-persistent scheduling assignment PDCCH.
[0264] else
[0265] -the TBS is assumed to be determined from the DCI transported in the latest PDCCH for the same transport block using0≤IMCS≤28. If there is no PDCCH for the same transport block using0≤IMCS≤28, and if the initial PDSCH for the same transport block is semi-persistently scheduled, the TBS shall be determined from the most recent semi-persistent scheduling assignment PDCCH.
[0266] Total number of coded bits and code bits per CB determination
[0267] In some embodiments, a quantity of coded bits transmitted on the L transmission layers is determined based on: a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers and / or a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0268] In a possible implementation, the quantity of coded bits meets Form 3 or Form 4.
[0269] Form 3:
[0270] where G represents the quantity of coded bits. The other parameters in Form 3 can refer to the description in Form 1.
[0271] Form 4:
[0272] In Form 4, assuming resource elements for each of the L transmission layers are the same. Parameters in Form 4 can refer to the description in Form 1.
[0273] The reason for the above calculation in Form 3 and 4 is because each resource elements on each transmission layer can carry a modulation symbol, which carries ml bits for transmission layer l, thus the total number of bits it carries is the sum of bits carries on the modulation symbols in all L transmission layers on all available resource elements.
[0274] In some embodiments, the codeword includes one or more code blocks, where each transmission layer is mapped with an integer quantity of modulation symbols of each code block, and the quantity of modulation symbols on each transmission layer is the same.
[0275] Specifically, in the rate matching process, the first apparatus can determine the quantity of coded bits for rate matching of each code block. Each code block can distribute an integer number of modulation symbols on each transmission layer, and the number is the same for all transmission layers. Therefore, the quantity of coded bits can be divisible by This can be implemented as shown below in more detail, where each code block has either the same code block length or potentially close but different code length. Here code block length refers to number of output coded bits for the code block.
[0276] Assuming Er represents the rate matching output sequence length for the rth code block, the value of Er is determined as follows:
[0277] Set j=0
[0278] for r=0 to C-1
[0279] if the rth code block is not scheduled for transmission as indicated by code block group transmission information (CBGTI) according to Clause 5.1.7.2 for DL-SCH and 6.1.5.2 for UL-SCH in [3GPP TS 38.214] .
[0280] Er=0;
[0281] else
[0282] else
[0283] end if
[0284] j=j+1;
[0285] end if
[0286] end for
[0287] where:
[0288] C'=C if CBGTI is not present in the DCI scheduling the transport block, C is the number of code blocks for the transport block, and C' is the number of scheduled code blocks of the transport block if CBGTI is present in the DCI scheduling the transport block. In essence, C' is just the number code blocks to be transmitted for the codeword for the current transmission. The other parameters can refer to the description in Form 1.
[0289] The above code is just an example, and for the person skilled in the art, they can understand the meaning of the code.
[0290] Modulation and layer mapping procedure
[0291] With the layer-based modulation adaptation scheme, during the modulation and layer mapping, the first apparatus first prepares a coded bit stream before modulation: for example, the coded bit stream can be written in order the layer first and bit location of symbols (via row column interleaver) . Then the coded bit stream is gone through the modulation process. And the coded bit stream is modulated into modulating bit sequence using modulation scheme in a round robin fashion based on the modulation scheme for each transmission layer. Finally, the layer mapping process allocates modulated symbols to multiple transmission layers. In a possible implementation, the modulated symbols are allocated to each transmission layer in a round robin fashion. In this way, each transmission layer has the similar number of information bits and parity bits.
[0292] Signaling for modulation adaptation
[0293] In some embodiments, the first apparatus receives first information for modulation adaptation, or the first apparatus transmits the first information.
[0294] The first information may be used for indicating the two or more modulation schemes; or in other words, the first information may be used for indicating a modulation scheme for each of the L transmission layers; or in other words, the first information may be used for indicating information related to the layer-based modulation adaptation scheme.
[0295] The first information can be carried by one or more of: higher layer signaling, PHY signaling, downlink control information (DCI) signaling, and radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0296] In some embodiments, the first information indicates one or more of: a code rate of the codeword (i.e., an overall code rate) , a code rate (e.g., a CR table) for each transmission layer, a modulation scheme (e.g., a modulation scheme table) that is applied to each transmission layer, a MCS for each transmission layer, an overall MCS of the L transmission layers, an average MCS of the L transmission layers, overall spectral efficiency of each transmission layer, average spectral efficiency of each transmission layer, average spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, an overall modulation order of each transmission layer, an average modulation order of each transmission layer, an average modulation order of the L transmission layers, modulation scheme distribution, a reference modulation scheme, and a delta modulation scheme, where the average spectral efficiency per transmission layer can determine the average modulation based on the overall MCS. Optionally, the MCS table used can be different than the traditional MCS table. The MCS table may indicate a separate code rate table and modulation table.
[0297] Optionally, the first information can also include: an indication of which transmission layer to map to each CW, which may include number of CWs, an option of using a single CW, the option of RRC may configure a maximum number of transmission layers for each CW for mapping or based on the fixed layer distribution rule.
[0298] Here are some examples.
[0299] Example#1, the first information indicates the average spectrum efficiency.
[0300] The spectrum efficiency is the number of information bits that can be carried on a resource element in a transmission layer. For a specific MCS, the spectrum efficiency is the modulation order times the code rate. The average spectrum efficiency can exist in the form of a table (e.g., Table 4) , text, or string, such as storage or transmission. Taking the table as an example, as shown in Table 4, the average spectrum efficiency per transmission layer (i.e., the average spectrum efficiency of each transmission layer) is 2. Optionally, based on the fact that the average spectrum efficiency per transmission layer is 2, the average MCS can be determined to be 16QAM, 1 / 2, specifically, the average modulation scheme of the L transmission layers is 16QAM, and the average code rate is 1 / 2. For example, there is a relationship between the spectrum efficiency and the MCS, so the average MCS can be determined based on the average spectrum efficiency and the relationship. In general, there may be multiple combination of modulation order and code rate that can achieve the same spectrum efficiency, however, there is usually one modulation order and code rate combination for the spectrum efficiency that provide the best performance, and the best modulation scheme and code rate combo as an MCS can be related to the spectrum efficiency. In some scenario, such relationship is reflected in an MCS or CQI table. For another example, the first information can also include the average MCS.
[0301] Table 4
[0302] Example#2, the first information indicates the average spectrum efficiency and the modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0303] In this Example#2, the overall code rate can be derived from the average spectrum efficiency and a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer. The average spectrum efficiency per transmission layer may be indicated as the number of bits it can carry per transmission layer per resource elements. For example, the overall code rate can meet Form 5.
[0304] Form 5:
[0305] where:
[0306] CR represents the code rate for the codeword (i.e., the overall code rate) , and SE represents the average spectral efficiency per transmission layer. Parameters in Form 5 can refer to the description in Form 1.
[0307] Example#3, the first information indicates the modulation scheme (e.g., a modulation scheme table) that is applied to each transmission layer.
[0308] As shown in Table 5, a base station can indicate QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM (i.e., the second column of Table 5) , and the QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM are applied for transmission layer 0~4 respectively. Further, the base station can indicate transmission layer indexes corresponding to the QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM (i.e., the first column of Table 5) ; or a protocol predefined modulation schemes correspond to transmission layer 0~4 in turn. Transmission layer i refers to a transmission layer whose index is i, where i is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc., which will not be repeated below.
[0309] Table 5
[0310] Example#4, the first information indicates the delta modulation scheme.
[0311] The delta modulation scheme indicates a difference (or delta) between a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer and a reference modulation scheme. Delta here refers to the difference. Optionally, the reference modulation scheme can be indicated, or be predefined, or be pre-agreed, or be determined. For example, the reference modulation may be determined from the average spectrum efficiency per transmission layer or the average MCS indication. The delta modulation scheme can be referred to as a differential modulation scheme.
[0312] As shown in Table 6, a base station can indicate delta modulation schemes (i.e., the second column of Table 6) as -1, -1, 0, 1, 2 for transmission layer 0~4 respectively. Further, the base station can indicate transmission layer indexes corresponding to the -1, -1, 0, 1, 2 (i.e., the first column of Table 6) ; or a protocol predefined the delta modulation schemes correspond to transmission layer 0~4 in turn. Assuming the reference modulation scheme is 16QAM, according to the delta modulation schemes and the reference modulation scheme, a UE can determine QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM are applied for transmission layer 0~4 respectively.
[0313]
[0314] Table 6
[0315] Example#5, the first information indicates the modulation distribution.
[0316] The modulation distribution indicates a distribution of the two or more modulation schemes on the L transmission layers. In other words, the modulation distribution represents how much variation modulation level change between modulation layers.
[0317] For example, as shown in Table 7, a base station can indicate modulation distribution (i.e., the second column of Table 7) as +1, +1, +1, +1, +1 for transmission layer 0~4 respectively. Further, the base station can indicate transmission layer indexes corresponding to the +1, +1, +1, +1, +1 (i.e., the first column of Table 7) ; or a protocol predefined the delta modulation schemes correspond to transmission layer 0~4 in turn. In some scenario, the modulation distribution is only indicating an overall distribution, for example, it may indicate +1 modulation scheme increase per transmission layer increase for all transmission layers, but without specific indication for each transmission layer. This is assuming the transmission layer index is first ranked from the lowest channel quality (corresponding to lowest MCS among all transmission layers) to highest channel quality (corresponding to highest MCS among all transmission layers) or vice versa. In this example, the reference modulation may be the middle transmission layer (i.e., transmission layer 2) with modulation scheme 16QAM. Then based on +1 modulation order increase per transmission layer, we derive the transmission layer 0~4 correspond to QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM respectively as shown in Table 5, based on the choice of modulation schemes available, i.e., QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM. Assuming the lowest possible modulation scheme is QPSK, then the modulation scheme corresponding to transmission layer 0 is QPSK. In other words, the transmission layer 0 should correspond to a modulation scheme that is 1 level below QPSK, however, since QPSK is the lowest possible modulation scheme to be used, then QPSK is used for transmission layer 0.
[0318] In another example, the same reference modulation 16QAM is used for transmission layer 2, the modulation distribution is indicated as +1 modulation scheme every 2 transmission layer increase, the result of the modulation scheme may be given by Table 8:
[0319] Table 7
[0320] Table 8
[0321] The individual steps are described in detail above. The following gives a more detailed example on the joint codeword to modulation and layer mapping processes. Assuming 4 transmission layers are adopted with modulation schemes for transmission layer 1 to layer 4 with modulation scheme L1: 64QAM, L2: 16QAM, L3: 16QAM, and L4: QPSK directly, where L1, L2, L3 and L4 refer to transmission layer 1, layer 2, layer 3, and layer 4, respectively,
[0322] The process can be applicable to LDPC codes, polar codes or other FEC codes. In the following, the LDPC is taken as an example for the rate matching process. Note that, some of common processes for encoding, rate matching, modulation, scrambling, layer mapping and other procedures may not be repeated and can refer to, for example, [3GPP TS 28.212 V16.7.0] . The information bits for each code block is encoded by mother code to produce coded bit sequence d0, d1, d2, ..., dN-1, which is an input bit sequence to the rate marching process.
[0323] 1. rate matching process
[0324] The rate matching for LDPC code is defined per code block and optionally consists of bit selection, subblock interleaving and bit interleaving. The input bit sequence to the rate matching process is d0, d1, d2, ..., dN-1. The output bit sequence after the rate matching process is denoted as f0, f1, f2, ..., fE-1.
[0325] 1) bit selection
[0326] The bit sequence d0, d1, d2, ..., dN-1 after encoding is written into a circular buffer of length Ncb for the r-th coded block. Ncb is usually equal to encoder output bit length of the mother code, and may be modified for low buffer rate matching (LBRM) . Details to determine Ncb can refer to section 5.4.2.1 of [3GPP TS 38.212 V16.7.0] .
[0327] The number of coded bits used, which is the rate matching output sequence length, may be calculated based on the number of modulation symbols supported on each layer as well as modulation level at each layer. An example of calculation of the rate matching output sequence length is described as follows: assuming Er represents the rate matching output sequence length for the rth code block, where the value of Er is determined as follows:
[0328] Set j=0
[0329] for r=0 to C-1
[0330] if the rth code block is not scheduled for transmission as indicated by CBGTI
[0331] Er=0;
[0332] else
[0333] if
[0334] else
[0335] end if
[0336] j=j+1;
[0337] end if
[0338] end for
[0339] Here is a brief introduction, and specific scheme can refer to the previous relevant description.
[0340] Based on the above process, the rate matching output sequence length E for each code block can be divisible by
[0341] After determining the rate matching output sequence length, the output bit sequence is selected from the input bit sequence based on the redundancy version. Example of this process can refer to [3GPP TS 28.212 V16.7.0] and described below. The output bit sequence from bit selection for each code block is given by e0, e1, e2, ..., eE-1.
[0342] 2) bit interleaving
[0343] The bit sequence e0, e1, e2, ..., eE-1 . from the bit selection output is interleaved to bit sequence f0, f1, f2, ..., fE-1, according to the following, where P is the number of tiers, as given by where L is the number of transmission layers to which the transport block is mapped.
[0344] Referring to FIG. 13, FIG. 13 shows a bit interleaving process using the modulation adaptation as well as the overall results of joint modulation and layer mapping from the bit interleaving, modulation and layer mapping process. For example, for first 16 bits, first 6 bits are mapped to the 1st 64QAM symbol of L1 (i.e., transmission layer 1) , the 2nd 4 bits are mapped to the 1st 16QAM symbol of L2 (i.e., transmission layer 2) , the 3rd 4 bits are mapped to 1st 16QAM symbol of L3 (i.e., transmission layer 3) , and the 4th 2 bits are mapped to 1st QPSK symbol of L4 (i.e., transmission layer 4) . Then for the next 16 bits, first 6 bits are mapped to the 2nd 64QAM symbol of L1, the 2nd 4 bits are mapped to the 2nd 16QAM symbol of L2, the 3rd 4 bits are mapped to the 2nd 16QAM symbol of L3, and the 4th 2 bits are mapped to the 2nd QPSK symbol of L4 etc.
[0345] Note that, write vertically is basically divide the input bit sequence into P subblocks, then read horizontally is to take bit sequentially from each subblock, e.g., take 1st bit of each subblock sequentially, then take 2nd bit of each subblock sequentially, …, until all bits of the P subblocks are taken. The width of the horizontal taken is P.
[0346] Reading of bits of the P subblocks in the same row is referred to as one round. For example, P=16, 16 coded bits will be got in each round, and the 16 coded bits are regarded as 4 bit groups since there are 4 transmission layers. In fact, the coded bits of each bit group are mapped to one modulation symbols of the corresponding transmission layer. After multiple rounds, all the coded bits in the P subblocks are read out.
[0347] In this example, the bits selected after the bit selection process is subject to a bit interleaving process by writing the original bit sequence in to rows then reading them from columns. The bit interleaving process is to prepare the bit sequence in the order of modulation symbols and then layers for the modulation and layer mapping. In the example, the bit inverleaver process allows the coded bits to be read in the order of modulation bits then layers.
[0348] 2. Code block concatenation
[0349] If there are multiple code blocks, optionally, an output of the rate matching of multiple code blocks can be concatenated to a single coded bit stream via a code block concatenation process. Alternatively, each code block can be modulated and mapped to multiple transmission layers separately. An example of the code block concatenation process similar to Section 5.5 of [3GPP TS 38.212 V16.7.0] is described below.
[0350] 3. Physical uplink or downlink shared channel processing
[0351] 1) Scrambling
[0352] For each codeword, the block of bits a (0) , …, a (Mbit-1) , where is the number of bits in the codeword transmitted on the physical channel, may be optionally scrambled prior to modulation, resulting in a block of scrambled bits codeword q. The block of bits is obtained from the output of the coded bit sequence for a single code block or multiple code blocks after code block concatenation described above. Examples of the optional scrambling process can be found on Section 6.3.1.1 of [3GPP TS 38.211 V17.0.0] for uplink data transmission and Section 7.3.1.1 of [3GPP TS 38.211 V17.0.0] for downlink transmission.
[0353] 2) Modulation
[0354] The modulation process is to map the modulation symbols of each transmission layer in a round robin fashion. The output of the modulation process is a sequence of complex values, and each complex value represents a modulation symbol.
[0355] For each codeword q, the UE shall assume that the block of optionally scrambled bits is modulated using a modulation scheme for each layer in order and in a round robin fashion, resulting in a block of complex-valued modulation symbols d (0) , …, d (Msymb-1) . In another word, each set of bits, are modulated in order using a set of L modulation schemes with modulation order m1, m2, …, mL, resulting in a set of L complex-valued modulation symbols, (d (n·L+0) , d (n·L+1) , …, d ( (n+1) ·L-1) ) respectively, where L is the number of layers and ml is the modulation order for layer l.
[0356] The following Table 9 is an example of modulation schemes for the L transmission layers.
[0357] Table 9
[0358] 3) layer mapping
[0359] The UE shall assume that complex-valued modulation symbols for each of the codewords to be transmitted are mapped to one or several layers. The codeword is mapped to a number of transmission layers according to the following.
[0360] For notational simplicity, to be consistent with the tier ranking notation, and without loss of generality, assuming the codeword of interest is mapped to L transmission layers with transmission layer indices from 1 to L. In practice, the codeword may be mapped to L transmission layers with other transmission layer indices, e.g. transmission layer indices from 0 to L-1, or there are multiple codewords, and the codewords may be mapped to L transmission layers among a total of more than L transmission layers, e.g., with transmission layer indices from k to L+k-1. These indices can be one-to-one mapped in order to the transmission layer indices 1 to L used for the ranking purpose.
[0361] Complex-valued modulation symbols d (0) , …, d (Msymb-1) for this codeword shall be mapped to the transmission layers as a sequence of vectors where L is the number of the transmission layers this codeword is mapped to, is the number of modulation symbols per transmission layer, and x (j) (i) = d (L·i+j-1) (i=0, 1, …, Msymb) (j=1, 2, …, L) is the symbol i at layer j.
[0362] More generally, if the code word is mapped to transmission layer indices k to L+k-1, k=0, 1, …, x (j) (i) = d (L·i+j-k) (i=0, 1, …, Msymb) (j=k, 2, …, L+k-1) .
[0363] After layer mapping, the block of vectors may be mapped to an antenna port, going through the multi-antenna precoding process, then through resource mapping, which includes mapping to time and frequency resources for transmission.
[0364] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGS. 8-13. The apparatus provided in embodiments of this application is described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 14-15. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0365] Referring to FIG. 14, a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 1400 includes a transceiver unit 1410 and a processing unit 1420. The transceiver unit 1410 may implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 1410 is configured to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 1410 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.
[0366] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1400 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be configured to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 1420 may read instructions and / or data in the storage unit, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
[0367] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform actions performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 1400 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device. The transceiver unit 1410 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the first apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 1420 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the first apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0368] In another possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform actions performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 1400 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device. The transceiver unit 1410 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the second apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 1420 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the second apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0369] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0370] Referring to FIG. 15, a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 1500 includes a processor 1510. The processor 1510 is coupled to a memory 1520. The memory 1520 is configured to store a computer program or instructions and / or data. The processor 1510 is configured to execute the computer program or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1520, so that the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed.
[0371] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1500 includes one or more processors 1510.
[0372] In an example, as shown in FIG. 15, the communication apparatus 1500 may further include the memory 1520.
[0373] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1500 may include one or more memories 1520.
[0374] In an example, the memory 1520 may be integrated with the processor 1510, or disposed separately from the processor 1510.
[0375] In an example, as shown in FIG. 15, the communication apparatus 1500 may further include a transceiver 1530, where the transceiver 1530 is configured to receive and / or transmit a signal. For example, the processor 1510 may be configured to control the transceiver 1530 to receive and / or transmit a signal.
[0376] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1500 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device.
[0377] In a solution, the communication apparatus 1500 is configured to perform the operations performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0378] For example, the processor 1510 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 1530 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0379] In another solution, the communication apparatus 1500 is configured to perform the operations performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0380] For example, the processor 1510 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 1530 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0381] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0382] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0383] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0384] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first apparatus and the second apparatus in the foregoing embodiments.
[0385] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0386] The processor mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU) . The processor may further be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
[0387] The memory mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) , or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM) . For example, the RAM may be used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, the RAM may include a plurality of forms such as the following: a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM) , an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM) , a synchlink dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) , and a direct rambus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
[0388] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) may be integrated into the processor.
[0389] It should be further noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other memory of a suitable type.
[0390] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0391] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0392] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0393] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0394] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0395] All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When the software is used to implement embodiments, all or a part of embodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedures or functions according to embodiments of this application are all or partially generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from a computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL) ) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio, and microwave, or the like) manner. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape) , an optical medium (for example, a DVD) , a semiconductor medium (for example, an SSD) , or the like. For example, the usable medium may include but is not limited to any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
[0396] The foregoing description is merely a specific implementation of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims and the specification.
Claims
A communication method, comprising:modulating, using two or more modulation schemes, coded bits of a codeword into modulation symbols, wherein the two or more modulation schemes are applied to L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other, L≥2;mapping the modulation symbols to the L transmission layers for generating a signal; andtransmitting the signal.The method according to claim 1, wherein a transport block size (TBS) of the codeword is determined based on one or more of the following:a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers, a quantity of available resource elements for each transmission layer, a code rate of the codeword, and a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a quantity of coded bits transmitted on the L transmission layers is determined based on: a quantity of available resource elements for the L transmission layers and / or a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer.The method according to claim 3, wherein the codeword comprises one or more code blocks (CBs) , wherein each transmission layer is mapped with an integer quantity of modulation symbols of each CB, and the quantity of modulation symbols on each transmission layer is the same for the same CB.The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the two or more modulation schemes relate to channel quality of the L transmission layers.The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting reference signals;receiving channel measurement results of the reference signals; anddetermining the two or more modulation schemes based on the channel measurement results.The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the method further comprises:receiving first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting reference signals, wherein modulation information is determined based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.The method according to any one of claims 6, 7, and 9, wherein the channel measurement results comprise one or more of the following:a channel quality indicator (CQI) of each transmission layer, an overall CQI of the L transmission layers, reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of each transmission layer, overall RSRP of the L transmission layers, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each transmission layer, and an overall SINR of the L transmission layers.The method according to any one of claims 7-10, wherein the first information comprises one or more of the following:a code rate of the codeword, a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each transmission layer, an overall MCS of the L transmission layers, overall spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, average spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, a modulation scheme distribution, a reference modulation scheme, and a delta modulation scheme, andwherein the modulation distribution scheme indicates a distribution of the two or more modulation schemes on the L transmission layers, the delta modulation scheme indicates a difference between a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer and the reference modulation scheme.A communication method, comprising:receiving a signal on L transmission layers; anddemodulating the signal based on two or more modulation schemes, wherein the two or more modulation schemes are applied to the L transmission layers, and at least two of the L transmission layers correspond to different modulation schemes among each other, L≥2.The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:receiving first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes.The method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:receiving transmitting reference signals;performing a channel measurement based on the reference signals; andtransmitting channel measurement results of the reference signals, and the modulation information is determined based on the channel measurement results.The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting first information indicating the two or more modulation schemes, the two or more modulation schemes are determined based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.The method according to claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:receiving reference signals;performing a channel measurement based on the reference signals; anddetermining the two or more modulation schemes based on channel measurement results of the reference signals.The method according to any one of claims 14-16, wherein the channel measurement results comprise one or more of the following:a channel quality indicator (CQI) of each transmission layer, an overall CQI of the L transmission layers, reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of each transmission layer, overall RSRP of the L transmission layers, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each transmission layer, and an overall SINR of the L transmission layers.The method according to any one of claims 13-17, wherein the first information comprises one or more of the following:a code rate of the codeword, a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each transmission layer, an overall MCS of the L transmission layers, overall spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, average spectral efficiency of the L transmission layers, a modulation scheme distribution, a reference modulation scheme, and a delta modulation scheme, andwherein the modulation distribution scheme indicates a distribution of the two or more modulation schemes on the L transmission layers, the delta modulation scheme indicates a difference between a modulation scheme that is applied to each transmission layer and the reference modulation scheme.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to enable the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-18.The apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a memory for storing processor-executable instructions.The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, further comprising a communication interface configured to input and / or output signals.The apparatus according to any one of claims 19-21, wherein the apparatus is a communication device, an integrated circuit, a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module.A computer readable storage medium comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the method of any one of claims 1-18.A computer program comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the method of any one of claims 1-18.A communication system comprising: a first apparatus and a second apparatus, wherein:the first apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-11, and the second apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 12-18.An apparatus for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-18.