A recombinant serotype 1 marek's disease virus
The recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus, engineered with an NDV F protein expression cassette, addresses the limitations of current vaccines by inducing comprehensive immune responses in poultry, effectively protecting against MDV and NDV.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/084981
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Current vaccines for Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) do not effectively induce comprehensive immune responses, particularly in young poultry, leading to significant economic losses and health issues in chicken flocks.
A recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) is engineered to include an expression cassette with a coding sequence for the F protein of NDV, inserted into the intergenic regions between UL55 and Lorf10 or US10 and Sorf3, which acts as a live vector vaccine, inducing both humoral and cellular immunity.
The rMDV1 vaccine effectively protects poultry against MDV and NDV, reducing disease incidence and severity by eliciting robust immune responses, even in young animals, thus minimizing economic losses.
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Abstract
Description
A recombinant serotype 1 Marek′s Disease Virus
[0001] Cross-Reference to Related Application
[0002] This application claims the priority of PCT / CN2024 / 084066 filed on March 27, 2024 entitled by “A recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus” , the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.Technical Field
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of animal health. Particularly, the present invention relates to recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) comprising an expression cassette in the genome thereof, wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of at least one antigenic protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) . Further, the present invention provides an immunogenic composition comprising the rMDV1 of the present invention and the use of the immunogenic composition for preventing and / or treating diseases in an animal.
[0004] Technical background
[0005] Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is classified in the genus Mardivirus, belonging to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of Herpesviridae. The viral genome is a double-stranded linear DNA with a full length of approximately 180 kb, encoding 103 proteins. Marek's disease virus can be divided into 3 serotypes. Among them, serotype 1 virus are pathogenic and oncogenic to chicken hosts. According to the pathogenicity and virulence, the virus can be further divided into mild MDV (mMDV) , virulent MDV (vMDV) , and very virulent MDV (vvMDV) , and very virulent plus MDV (vv+MDV) . Serotype 2 Marek's disease virus is non-oncogenic, and serotype 3 Marek's disease virus is not pathogenic to chickens. The vaccines currently used for MD prevention are mainly serotype 1 attenuated vaccines, including the Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) and the Chinese 814 strain.
[0006] Recombinant herpes virus live vector vaccine is a genetically engineered vaccine that has been studied in depth and has broad application prospects. The principle is to insert the protective antigen gene of a certain pathogen through genetic engineering technology into a region not essential for replication of the viral vector, such that the antigen is continuously expressed as the vector replicates, inducing the body to produce corresponding antibodies to exert immune protection. The viral vector of the recombinant live virus vaccine can replicate itself, so usually a lower dose can produce sufficient exogenous proteins in the body to produce prolonged and good immune protection. Recombinant viral vector vaccines can not only induce humoral immunity, but also induce cellular immunity and mucosal immunity. Compared with traditional inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines, different recombinant viruses have been proven to significantly reduce the level of shedding after infection and reduce the viral load in the environment.
[0007] As for MDV, Serotype 3 Herpesvirus of Turkeys (HVT) and serotype 1 MDV are considered ideal vectors for constructing live vector vaccines. These viruses have been used as vectors to construct different recombinant viruses. Li et al. used the MDV 814 vaccine strain as a vector to successfully construct a recombinant MDV expressing the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus. Studies have shown that the recombinant virus is safe and stable, and can protect chickens well against both Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease.
[0008] Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects both domestic and wild bird species worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , which belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae and the genus of Paramyxovirus. NDV is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense and non-segmented genomic ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) virus. The virulent strain can destroy the entire flock. The attenuated strain may cause respiratory tract infection and decreased egg production in chickens, but the chickens can recover quickly. NDV causes huge economic losses around the world and is one of the most harmful avian viral diseases. The NDV genome encodes six viral proteins: L protein (large protein) , NP (nucleoprotein) , P protein (phosphorprotein) , M protein (matrix protein) , HN (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase) , F protein (fusion protein) . Among them, F protein is mainly involved in virus penetration, cell fusion, hemolysis and other processes. It also has strong immunogenicity and is an important protective protein used in the preparation of Newcastle disease vaccine.
[0009] Brief Description of the Invention
[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) comprising an expression cassette in the genome thereof, wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of at least one antigenic polypeptide of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .
[0011] In one aspect, the present invention provides a host cell expressing the rMDV1 of the present invention.
[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides an immunogenic composition, comprising the rMDV1 of the present invention, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0013] In one aspect, the present invention provides use of the rMDV1 of the present invention in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0014] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV1 of the present invention or the immunogenic composition of the present invention for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0015] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the rMDV1 of the present invention or the immunogenic composition of the present invention, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0016] Figure 1. Growth curves of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3 on CEFs.
[0017] Figure 2. Detection of F protein expression in CEFs.Detailed Description
[0018] Before the aspects of the present invention are described, it must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a" , "an" , and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to "a gene" includes a plurality of genes, a reference to the "virus" is a reference to one or more viruses and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. The term “and / or” is intended to encompass any combinations of the items connected by this term, equivalent to listing all the combinations individually. For example, “A, B and / or C” encompasses “A” , “B” , “C” , “A and B” , “A and C” , “B and C” , and “A and B and C” . In contrast, “A or B” means either “A” or “B” , without including “A and B” . Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods, devices, and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing and disclosing the virus strains, the cell lines, vectors, and methodologies as reported in the publications which might be used in connection with the invention. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
[0019] Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus
[0020] In one aspect, the invention provides a recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) comprising an expression cassette in the genome thereof, wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of at least one antigenic polypeptide of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .
[0021] The term “recombinant” used herein refer to an MDV that has been altered, rearranged, or modified by genetic engineering. However, the term does not refer to alterations in polynucleotide, amino acid sequence, or nucleotide sequence that result from naturally occurring events, such as spontaneous mutations. The terms “recombinant MDV” , and “rMDV” are used interchangeably herein.
[0022] The term "virus" designates in particular a viral particle comprising a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a genome) encapsulated in a capsid or capsule. The term "virus" also designates an isolated viral genome.
[0023] The term “MDV” as used herein refers to all viruses belonging to the genus Mardivirus, within subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae.
[0024] In some embodiments, the recombinant serotype 1 MDV is derived from an attenuated strain of serotype 1 MDV. Examples of attenuated strains of serotype 1 MDV include but are not limited to Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) (GenBank: DQ530348.1; Comparative full-length sequence analysis of oncogenic and vaccine (Rispens) strains of Marek's disease virus, Nair, 2007) , Chinese 814 strain (GenBank: JF742597.1; Comparative full-length sequence analysis of Marek's disease virus vaccine strain 814, Cheng, 2012) , or SC9-2 strain (Chinese Patent Publication No: CN102628053A) .
[0025] The term "attenuated" as used herein refers to a modified virus that is essentially not virulent in chicken, i.e. does not cause or causes reduced illness, especially does not cause death in a host animal, such as chicken, as compared to the non-modified wildtype parent virus. More particularly, an attenuated virus can typically replicate in a in a host animal, such as chicken, without causing death thereof. More particularly, an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in in a host animal, such as chicken, when injected at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / animal, such as 106.0TCID50 / animal. More particularly, an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in a chicken at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / chicken, such as 106.0TCID50 / animal in at least 10%injected chickens, in at least 20%injected animals, in at least 30%injected animals, in at least 40%injected chickens, in at least 50%injected animals, in at least 60%injected animals, in at least 70%injected animals, more preferably in at least 80%injected animals, even more preferably in at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more. In some embodiments, an attenuated virus more particularly designates a virus that is not virulent in an embryo when injected at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / egg, such as 106.0TCID50 / egg. Most preferred an attenuated virus designates a virus that is not virulent in an embryo at a dose of 104.0-107.0TCID50 / egg, such as 106.0TCID50 / egg in at least 10%injected eggs, in at least 20%injected eggs, in at least 30%injected eggs, in at least 40%injected eggs, in at least 50%injected eggs, in at least 60%injected eggs, in at least 70%injected eggs, more preferably in at least 80%injected eggs, even more preferably in at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more. The rMDV of the invention is also not virulent for injection post-hatch, including at Day 0, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3 post-hatch (i.e., between 0.1 and 72 hours post-hatch) .
[0026] In some embodiments, the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain. In some embodiments, the SC9-2 strain is deposited according to Budapest Treaty on December 15, 2023 at CHINA CENTER FOR TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China) , under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114.
[0027] An "antigenic polypeptide" or “antigen” as used herein refers to, but is not limited to, components which elicit an immune response in a host.
[0028] In some embodiments, at least one antigenic polypeptide of NDV is the F protein of NDV.
[0029] In some embodiments, the F protein of NDV may comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the complete coding sequence of F protein of NDV may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0030] In some embodiments, the expression cassette may have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0031] "Sequence identity" between two polypeptide / nucleotide sequences indicates the percentage of amino acids / nucleotides that are identical between the sequences. Methods for evaluating the level of sequence identity between amino acid or nucleotide sequences are known in the art. For example, sequence analysis software is often used to determine the identity of amino acid / nucleotide sequences. For example, identity can be determined by using the BLAST program in the NCBI database. For determination of sequence identity, see, e.g., Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A. M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D. W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987 and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991.
[0032] As used herein, it is in particular understood that the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X” is equivalent to the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X over the length of SEQ ID NO: X” or to the term “sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: X over the whole length of SEQ ID NO: X” , respectively. In this context, “X” is any integer, such as 1, 2 or 3, so that “SEQ ID NO: X” represents any of the SEQ ID NOs mentioned herein.
[0033] In some embodiments, in the expression cassette, the coding nucleotide sequence of the antigenic polypeptide is generally operably linked to a promoter. The promoter may be any natural or synthetic promoter, derived from cellular or viral genes. Examples of suitable promoters include, for instance, an immediate early cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, mouse CMV promoter, guinea pig CMV promoter, an SV40 promoter, Human Herpesvirus Type III glycoprotein B (HHV3gB) promoter, Pseudorabies Virus promoters such as that of glycoprotein X promoter, Herpes Simplex Virus-1 alpha 4 promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein A (or gC) promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein B promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein E promoter, a Marek's Disease Virus glycoprotein I promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein B promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein E promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein D promoter, an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus glycoprotein I promoter, vaccinia H6 promoter, and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the promoter is selected from the chicken beta-actin (Bac) promoter, the Pec promoter, the Murine Cytomegalovirus (mCMV) immediate-early 1 promoter, the Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter, the Simian virus (SV) 40 promoter, the Raus Sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, and the gD native promotor of ILTV, the gI native promotor of ILTV.
[0034] In some embodiments, the expression cassette comprises the coding nucleotide sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to the SV40 promoter.
[0035] In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a transcription terminator. The transcription terminator may be derived from human Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) , thymidine kinase (TK) gene, from the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of Feline Herpesvirus (FHV) , from the immediate early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) , strain AD 169 or from simian virus 40 (SV40) , or may be a synthetic terminator, such as a synthetic poly A signal (see Levitt N, Briggs D, Gil A, Proudfoot NJ. Definition of an efficient synthetic poly (A) site. Genes Dev. 1989 Jul; 3 (7) : 1019-25) . In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a synthetic polyA signal. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence is operably linked to an SV40 polyA signal.
[0036] The expression cassette may be located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between US10 and Sorf3.
[0037] UL55, Lorf10, US10, and Sorf3 genes are highly conserved between different MDV strains such as Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain. It is understood that the skilled artisan may easily identify the exact location of the UL55, Lorf10, US10, and Sorf3 genes in any MDV strain using the information contained in the present application and general common knowledge, or by sequence alignment.
[0038] Exemplary amino acid sequence of UL55 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of UL55 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. Exemplary amino acid sequence of Lorf10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of Lorf10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. Exemplary nucleotide sequence between UL55 and Lorf10 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0039] Exemplary amino acid sequence of US10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6. Exemplary nucleotide sequence of US10 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7. Exemplary amino acid sequence of Sorf3 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8. Exemplary sequence of Sorf3 of SC9-2 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9. Exemplary nucleotide sequence between US10 and Sorf3 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0040] The expression cassette may be inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, or the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3. In some embodiments, the insertion will not impact the replication of the recombinant virus.
[0041] The expression cassette may be inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, or the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3. In some embodiments, the insertion will not impact the replication of the recombinant virus.
[0042] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, or into the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3.
[0043] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10.
[0044] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3.
[0045] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (UL55) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0046] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 (US10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 (Sorf3) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0047] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 (between UL55 and Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0048] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (between US10 and Sorf3) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0049] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, and
[0050] (i) at least one downstream UL55 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 14, 15 and 16, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0051] (ii) at least one upstream Lorf10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 17, 18 and 19, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0052] In some embodiments, the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3, and
[0053] (i) at least one downstream US10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 20, 21 and 22, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0054] (ii) at least one upstream Sorf3 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 23, 24 and 25, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0055] The term “intergenic region” is well known by the person skilled in the art. The term encompasses a region between two genes. By using an intergenic region for the insertion of a heterologous polynucleotide, no essential gene (gene essential for example for viability, infectivity or replication) of the virus is inactivated. Accordingly, an intergenic region can be used for the insertion of a heterologous polynucleotide such as an antigen encoding sequence.
[0056] By insertion of a heterologous nucleotide sequence, e.g. an expression cassette, one or more nucleotides at or near the insertion site may be deleted. For example, the insertion of a heterologous nucleotide sequence into an intergenic region may result in a partial sequence of the intergenic region being replaced by the inserted heterologous nucleotide sequence.
[0057] In a particular embodiment, the rMDV of the present invention is a live virus vector. A “live virus vector” is virus (in the present case a MDV) that is competent to replicate in a host when such host is infected with the live virus or the genomic nucleic acid of such virus and wherein such virus encodes, delivers and express a heterologous nucleotide sequence in such host.
[0058] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the present invention for use as vector vaccine in a host animal, such as chicken. The term “vector vaccine” is a vaccine that uses virus (in the present case a MDV) as vector to deliver and express a nucleotide sequence coding for an antigenic polypeptide, wherein such antigenic polypeptide provides protection against a pathogen. The virus that is used as vector shows no or only limited pathogenicity to the target species in which the virus is used as a vector.
[0059] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention also provides the rMDV of the present invention as a live vector vaccine in a host animal, such as chicken.
[0060] Virus construction and cloning may be accomplished by techniques known per se in the art. Gene cloning and plasmid construction are well known to one person of ordinary skill in the art and may be essentially performed by standard molecular biology techniques (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 4th Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 2012) . Typically, the recombinant viruses may be prepared by homologous recombination between the viral genome and a construct (e.g., a homology plasmid) comprising the nucleic acid to be inserted, flanked by nucleotides from the insertion site to allow recombination. Cloning can be made with or without the deletion of endogenous sequences. the recombinant viruses may be prepared by BAC technology.
[0061] Host cell
[0062] The invention also relates to a host cell, expressing the rMDV as defined above. The invention also relates to a host cell, expressing the rMDV and the heterologous polynucleotide as defined above. In some embodiments, the host cell is CEF cell (Liang Z., et. al, Animal (Basel) , 2022, 12 (24) : 3523) , DEF cell (Chenghuai Yang, Arch virol 2015, 160: 267-274) , embryonated egg, or chicken kidney cell (Andres guez-Avila et. al, Avian diseases 2007, 51: 905-911) .
[0063] The rMDV of the present invention may be propagated in any competent cell cultures. After the required growth of the viruses is achieved, the cells may be detached from the wells using a scraper or with trypsin and the infected cells may be separated from the supernatant by centrifugation.
[0064] Examples of competent cell include CEF, DEF, embryonated egg, chicken kidney cells, and the like. The cells or viruses may be cultured in a culture medium such as MEM containing 5%FBS at 37° C for 1h to 6 days.
[0065] Composition
[0066] The invention also relates to a composition, e.g., an immunogenic composition, which comprises the rMDV of the present invention.
[0067] The term “composition” as used herein refers to a composition that comprises at least one antigen, which elicits an immune response in the host to which the composition is administered. Such immune response may be a cellular and / or antibody-mediated immune (humoral) response to the composition of the invention. The host is also described as a “subject” , “host animal” or “animal” . The host may be an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0068] An "immune response" to a composition is the development in the host of a cellular and / or antibody-mediated (humoral) immune response to a composition of interest. Usually, an "immune response" includes but is not limited to one or more of the following effects: the production of antibodies, B cells, helper T cells, and / or cytotoxic T cells, directed specifically to an antigen or antigens included in the composition of interest. Preferably, the host will display either a therapeutic or protective immune response such that resistance to new infection will be enhanced and / or the clinical severity of the disease reduced.
[0069] A "protective immune response" or "protective response" will be demonstrated by either a reduction or lack of clinical signs normally displayed by an infected host, a quicker recovery time and / or a lowered duration of infectivity or lowered pathogen titer in the tissues or body fluids or excretions of the infected host.
[0070] In case where the host displays a protective immune response such that resistance to new infection will be enhanced and / or the clinical severity of the disease reduced, the composition of the invention is described as a “vaccine” . In one aspect, the composition of the present invention is a vaccine.
[0071] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a vector vaccine. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a vector vaccine in chicken.
[0072] Compositions and vaccines of the invention may further comprise a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient, vehicle, or adjuvant.
[0073] The pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carriers or adjuvant or vehicles or excipients are well known to the one skilled in the art. For example, a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or adjuvant or vehicle or excipient includes, but is not limited to, 0.9%NaCl (e.g., saline) solution or a phosphate buffer, poly- (L-glutamate) , the Lactated Ringer's Injection diluent (sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) , or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or vehicle or adjuvant or excipients may be any compound or combination of compounds facilitating the administration of the vector (or protein expressed from an inventive vector in vitro) , or facilitating transfection or infection and / or improving the preservation of the vector (or protein) .
[0074] In some embodiments, the composition of the invention comprises a lyoprotectant. In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a preservative.
[0075] The composition of the invention may be liquid (solutions, suspensions, emulsions) or solid (powder, gel, paste, oil) . The composition of the invention may be formulated for any administration route. Preferably, the composition may be formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration.
[0076] The composition of the invention may contain a suitable dose sufficient to elicit a protective response in a chicken. Doses and dose volumes are herein discussed in the general description and can also be determined by the skilled artisan from this disclosure in conjunction with the knowledge in the art, without any undue experimentation. The viral vector may be titrated based on any virus titration methods including, but not limited to, FFA (Focus Forming Assay) or FFU (Focus Forming Unit) , TCID50 (50%Tissue Culture Infective Dose) , PFU (Plaque Forming Units) , and FAID50 (50%Fluorescent Antibody Infectious Dose) , and the VLPs produced in vitro can be titrated by hemagglutination assay, ELISA, and electron microscopy. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1x104 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x106 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the dose volumes can be between about 0.01 and about 10 ml, between about 0.01 and about 5 ml.
[0077] The composition of the invention can be administered in a single dose or in repeated doses, depending on the vaccination protocol. The medicament or vector vaccine of the invention can be formulated as single doses or in repeated doses, depending on the vaccination protocol.
[0078] Use and Method
[0079] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the invention, or the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention, for the use in a method for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, wherein such method comprises or consists of one or more administration of the rMDV of the invention, or the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention to the host animal.
[0080] In one aspect, the present invention provides the rMDV of the invention, the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention, for use in vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen.
[0081] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, comprising or consisting of at least one administration of the rMDV of the invention, the composition of the invention, or the vector vaccine of the invention.
[0082] In one aspect, the present invention provides use of the composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen.
[0083] The term "vaccinating" relates to an active immunization by the administration of an immunogenic composition to a chicken to be immunized, thereby causing a protective immune response against the antigen included in such immunogenic composition.
[0084] In some embodiments, the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0085] In some embodiments, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0086] As indicated in the experimental section, the rMDVs of the invention are particularly advantageous for vaccinating young host animals (at Day 0, Day 1, Day 2, or Day 3 post-hatch) . Such early administration, combined with the early onset of immunity caused by the rMDV, is particularly advantageous to induce early protective immunity, before the host animal can be substantially exposed to pathogens.
[0087] In some embodiments, the rMDV is administered in ovo. In case in ovo vaccination is used, preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0088] In some embodiments, the pathogen is an avian pathogen. In some embodiments, the pathogen is MDV, and / or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the pathogen is MDV.
[0090] In some embodiments, the pathogen is Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .
[0091] The administration or the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention results in lessening of the incidence of the particular pathogen infection in a host animal or in the reduction in the severity of clinical signs caused by or associated with the specific pathogen infection. It is to be understood that the administration, or the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention may not be effective in all host animals administrated, but there is a significant portion (for example, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90%) of host animals effectively immunized.
[0092] In some embodiments, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administered by oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal. In some embodiments, the medicament, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine may be formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration. However, depending on the nature and mode of action of a compound, the immunogenic composition may be administered by other routes as well.
[0093] In one aspect of the invention, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine is administered once and is efficacious by such single administration.
[0094] However, while a single dose administration is preferred, the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine can also be administered twice or several times, with a first dose being administered prior to the administration of a second (booster) dose. Preferably, the second dose is administered at least 15 days after the first dose. More preferably, the second dose is administered between 15 and 40 days after the first dose. Even more preferably, the second dose is administered at least 17 days after the first dose. Still more preferably, the second dose is administered between 17 and 30 days after the first dose. Even more preferably, the second dose is administered at least 19 days after the first dose. Still more preferably, the second dose is administered between 19 and 25 days after the first dose. Most preferably the second dose is administered at least 21 days after the first dose. In a preferred aspect of the two-time administration regimen, both the first and second doses of the immunogenic composition are administered in the same amount. In addition to the first and second dose regimen, an alternate embodiment comprises further subsequent doses. For example, a third, fourth, or fifth dose could be administered in these aspects. Preferably, subsequent third, fourth, and fifth dose regimens are administered in the same amount as the first dose, with the time frame between the doses being consistent with the timing between the first and second doses mentioned above.
[0095] The rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine of the invention may be administrated in a suitable dose sufficient to elicit a protective response in a chicken. Doses and dose volumes are herein discussed in the general description and can also be determined by the skilled artisan from this disclosure in conjunction with the knowledge in the art, without any undue experimentation. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition or the vector vaccine is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the rMDV in the composition or the vector vaccine is present in a dose from 1x104 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x106 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g. In some embodiments, the dose volumes can be between about 0.01 and about 10 ml, between about 0.01 and about 5 ml.
[0096] The present invention further relates to vaccination kits for vaccinating a host animal by inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, which comprises an effective amount of the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine as described above and a means for administering said rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine to said host animal. For example, such kit comprises an injection device filled with the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine according to the invention and instructions for intradermic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or in ovo injection. Alternatively, the kit comprises a spray / aerosol or eye drop device filled with the rMDV, the composition or the vector vaccine according to the invention and instructions for oro-nasal administration, oral or mucosal administration.
[0097] The following clauses are also described herein and part of disclosure of the invention:
[0098] 1. A recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) comprising an expression cassette in the genome thereof,
[0099] wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of at least one antigenic polypeptide of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .
[0100] 2. The recombinant virus of clause 1, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from a serotype 1 MDV strain, preferably, an attenuated serotype 1 MDV strain.
[0101] 3. The recombinant virus of clause 2, wherein serotype 1 MDV strain is selected from the group consisting of Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain.
[0102] 4. The recombinant virus of clause 3, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain.
[0103] 5. The recombinant virus of clause 4, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain deposited with CCTCC under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114 on December 15, 2023.
[0104] 6. The rMDV1 of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the at least one antigenic polypeptide of NDV is F protein of NDV.
[0105] 7. The rMDV1 of clause 6, wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to a promoter, preferably, a SV40 promoter.
[0106] 8. The rMDV1 of any one of clauses 6-7, wherein the F protein comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0107] 9. The rMDV1 of any one of clauses 6-8, wherein the coding sequence of the F protein comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0108] 10. The rMDV1 of any one of clauses 1-9, wherein the expression cassette comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0109] 11. The rMDV1 of any one of clauses 1-10, wherein the expression cassette is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between US10 and Sorf3.
[0110] 12. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10.
[0111] 13. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3.
[0112] 14. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (UL55) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0113] 15. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted between the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 (US10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto and the sequence encoding the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 (Sorf3) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0114] 16. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 (between UL55 and Lorf10) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0115] 17. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (between US10 and Sorf3) or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0116] 18. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between UL55 and Lorf10, and
[0117] (i) at least one downstream UL55 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 14, 15 and 16, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0118] (ii) at least one upstream Lorf10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 17, 18 and 19, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0119] 19. The rMDV1 of clause 11, wherein the expression cassette is inserted into the intergenic region between US10 and Sorf3, and
[0120] (i) at least one downstream US10 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 20, 21 and 22, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto, and
[0121] (ii) at least one upstream Sorf3 flanking region selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 23, 24 and 25, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.98%or 99.99%sequence identity thereto.
[0122] 20. A host cell, expressing the rMDV1 of any one of clauses 1-19.
[0123] 21. The host cell of clause 20, which is CEF cell, DEF cell, embryonated egg, or chicken kidney cell.
[0124] 22. An immunogenic composition, comprising the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-19, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0125] 23. The immunogenic composition of clause 22, which is a vaccine, and optionally comprises an adjuvant.
[0126] 24. The immunogenic composition of clause 22 or 23, which is formulated for oro-nasal, eye drop, spray, drinking water, in ovo, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, or transdermal administration.
[0127] 25. The immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 22-24, wherein the rMDV in the composition is present in a dose from 1×102 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g to 1x107 TCID50 / ml or TCID50 / g.
[0128] 26. The immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 22-25, wherein the composition is administered in a single dose or in repeated doses.
[0129] 27. Use of the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-19 in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0130] 28. The use of clause 27, wherein the pathogen is MDV, and / or NDV.
[0131] 29. The recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-19 or the immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 22-26, for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0132] 30. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to clause 29, wherein the pathogen is MDV and / or NDV.
[0133] 31. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to clause 29 or 30, wherein the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0134] 32. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to any one of clauses 29-30, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0135] 33. The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to any one of clauses 29-30, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated in ovo, and preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0136] 34. A method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the recombinant virus of any one of clauses 1-19 or the immunogenic composition of any one of clauses 22-26, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.
[0137] 35. The method of clause 34, wherein the pathogen is selected from MDV and / or NDV.
[0138] 36. The method according to clause 34 or 35, wherein the host animal is 0 day-old, 1 day-old, 2 day-old, 3 day-old, 4 day-old, 5 day-old, 6 day-old, or 7 day-old at the day of vaccination.
[0139] 37. The method according to any one of clauses 34-35, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated at Day 0 post-hatch, Day 1 post-hatch, Day 2 post-hatch, Day 3 post-hatch, Day 4 post-hatch, Day 5 post-hatch, Day 6 post-hatch, or Day 7 post-hatch.
[0140] 38. The method according to any one of clauses 34-35, wherein the recombinant virus or immunogenic composition is administrated in ovo, and preferably the administration is performed when embryos are between 15 to 20 days old, preferably at day 17, 18 or 19, most preferably at day 18 of age.
[0141] Examples
[0142] The subsequent examples further illustrate the invention in an exemplified manner. It is understood that the invention is not limited to any of those examples as described below. A person skilled in the art understands that the performance, results and findings of these examples can be adapted and applied in a broader sense in view of the general description of the present invention.
[0143] Example 1. Construction of recombinant serotype I MDV expressing the F protein of Newcastle disease virus
[0144] The serotype I Marek's disease virus SC9-2 parent strain was purchased from Shandong Agricultural University (Chinese Patent Publication No: CN102628053A) . The SC9-2 strain used in this study was obtained by continuously passaging and amplifying the original SC9-2 strain on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . Then safety and efficacy of this strain were tested, and the results showed that the SC9-2 strain can achieve ≥90%protection against Marek's disease virus very virulent Md5. Safety experiments on SPF chickens showed that this strain did not cause clinical signs, death or tumors in 1-day-old SPF chickens, proving that this strain is safe for chickens.
[0145] The SC9-2 virus strain used in this study was deposited according to Budapest Treaty on December 15, 2023 at CHINA CENTER FOR TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION (Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China) , under the accession number CCTCC No: V2023114.
[0146] Construction of rSC9-2 UL55-GFP-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-GFP-Sorf3
[0147] In order to facilitate subsequent gene deletion and gene insertion operations, the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) was inserted into the genome of the SC9-2 strain. Specific steps include:
[0148] 1. Synthesis of GFP transfer vector
[0149] The green fluorescent protein insertion site is between UL55 and Lorf10 or between US10 and Sorf3 in the SC9-2 genome. GFP transfer vector targeting the insertion site was synthesized by Nanjing GenScript Company. The GFP transfer vector plasmids were linearized and stored at -20℃ for later use.
[0150] 2. Extraction of SC9-2 genomic DNA
[0151] SC9-2 virus was used to infect monolayer CEF cells. Infected cells were cultivated for 2 days in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator. The cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with trypsin, and collected into a centrifuge tube in culture medium MEM (purchased from SIGMA Company) . After centrifugation at 500g for 5 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, leaving only the cells, and then SC9-2 genomic DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform.
[0152] 3. Construction of rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus by homologous recombination
[0153] The linearized GFP transfer vector obtained in step 1 and the SC9-2 genomic DNA obtained in step 2 were co-transfected into monolayer CEF cells according to the instructions of the commercial transfection kit LipofectamineTM 3000 (purchased from Invitrogen) . Four hours after co-transfection, the supernatant was removed and replaced with cell culture medium containing 5%serum. After continued culture in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, the recombination results were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The green plaques corresponded to the recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP.
[0154] 4. Plaque purification
[0155] After observing the recombinant virus in green, a single green plaque was picked under a fluorescence microscope and digested in 100ul trypsin for 5 minutes. Then, infected the pre-seeded CEF cells with the trypsin-digested green virus and incubated in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 4 days. 3 rounds of plaque purification were performed accordingly to obtain pure rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus.
[0156] 5. DNA extraction of rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus
[0157] The purified rSC9-2-GFP recombinant virus was amplified on CEF cells for 2 passages and a batch of recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP P2 was harvested. The rSC9-2-GFP P2 virus was used to infect the pre-seeded CEF cells. On the second day after virus infection, the cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with trypsin, and the cells were pipet down with cell culture medium MEM and collected into a centrifuge tube. The cells were centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded, leaving only the cells, and then rSC9-2-GFP genomic DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform.
[0158] The obtained recombinant virus rSC9-2-GFP was amplified on CEF cells and stored in liquid nitrogen for later use; the extracted SC9-2-GFP DNA was aliquoted and frozen in a -80℃ refrigerator for exogenous gene insertion.
[0159] Construction of rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3
[0160] On the basis of the recombinant Marek's disease virus containing green fluorescent protein (rSC9-2-GFP) , the F gene of Newcastle disease virus was inserted into the same sites to replace the GFP, and finally two recombinant Marek's disease viruses expressing the Newcastle disease F protein was constructed: rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3.
[0161] Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared from 9 or 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos (purchased from Jinan SPAFAS Company) according to conventional methods; the pUC57-SV40-NDF-PolyASV40 plasmids were synthesized by Nanjing GenScript Company.
[0162] The specific steps are as follows (only the steps for rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 are shown, but rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3 was construct with similar steps) .
[0163] 1. Dual restriction digestion to obtain UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 fragment
[0164] The pUC57-SV40-NDF-PolyASV40 plasmid was dual digested with restriction enzymes EcoR I and Hind III, and the ordinary agarose gel DNA recovery kit Gel Extraction Kit was used to recover the digested fragments to obtain foreign gene fragment UL55-SV40-NDF-Lorf10 with 1500bp homology arm at both ends.
[0165] 2. Extraction of the recombinant Marek's disease virus genome containing green fluorescent protein
[0166] 2.1 The CEF cells grown into a monolayer were infected with rSC9-2 GFP virus and cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 2 days.
[0167] 2.2 The cell culture supernatant was discarded, the cells were digested with 2.5%trypsin at room temperature for 5 minutes, the cells were piped down with culture medium MEM and collected into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded.
[0168] 2.3 The cells were resuspended in 30ul of PBS, 750ul of cell lysis buffer was added, and shaken thoroughly to mix.
[0169] 2.4 After incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes, 200ul of 5M NaCl was added and mixed well.
[0170] 2.5 After incubating overnight at 4℃, centrifuge was performed at 20Kg for 30 minutes, the supernatant was harvested and placed in a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube.
[0171] 2.6 500ul of phenol-chloroform was added, mixed by inversion, and centrifuged at 20Kg for 10 minutes.
[0172] 2.7 The supernatant was placed into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and 500ul of chloroform was added, mixed by inverting and centrifuged at 20Kg for 5 minutes.
[0173] 2.8 The supernatant was placed into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and 600ul isopropyl alcohol was added, mixed by inverting and centrifuged at 20Kg for 20 minutes. The supernatant was discarded.
[0174] 2.9 After adding 500ul of 70%ethanol, centrifuge was performed at 20Kg for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded.
[0175] 2.10 After drying at room temperature, 100ul of ultrapure water was added to dissolve the DNA, and stored in a -80℃ refrigerator for later use.
[0176] 3. Construction of recombinant virus containing Newcastle disease virus F gene
[0177] Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared and inoculated into 6-well plates. After culturing for 24 hours in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator, the cells were co-infected with rSC9-2 UL55-GFP-Lorf10 DNA and UL55-NDF-Lorf10 fragment according to Lipofectamine 3000 Instructions. The plaques were observed 5 days later. A single GFP-negative plaque was picked under a fluorescence microscope and inoculated into single layer CEFs cultured for 24 hours. Three rounds of plaque purification were carried out in this manner, and the recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 containing the Newcastle disease virus F gene was obtained.
[0178] The recombinant Marek's disease virus rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3 containing the Newcastle disease virus F gene was also obtained with a similar method.
[0179] Example 2. Preparation and in vitro characterization of recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus seed batch expressing the F gene of Newcastle disease virus.
[0180] 1. Preparation of seed batches
[0181] The recombinant serotype I Marek's disease viruses rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3 constructed above were continuously passaged and amplified on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) . These continuously passaged viruses were harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen tanks for subsequent efficacy research.
[0182] 2 Identification of in vitro characters
[0183] 2.1 Identification of NDV-F gene stability.
[0184] The recombinant Marek's disease viruses containing the chicken Newcastle disease virus F gene were continuously passaged for 15 generations on CEFs. rSC9-2 recombinant virus DNA of the 5th, 10th, and 15th passages were extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (purchased from QIAGEN Company) and amplified by PCR using primers for identifying the insertion of the F gene. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed that the F gene inserted in the SC9-2 genome was stable.
[0185] 2.2 Sterility and mycoplasma testing.
[0186] Conventional methods for sterility testing and qPCR methods for mycoplasma testing were used. The results showed that these recombinant viruses were free of any exogenous microbial contamination.
[0187] 2.3 In vitro growth kinetic analysis of the recombinant Marek's disease virus
[0188] 100 PFU of the recombinant viruses and the parental virus SC9-2 were inoculated into CEF cells in a six-well plate, and the viruses were harvested every 24 hours (n=3 for each time point) until 144 hours post-infection. The titers of the viruses harvested at each time point were measured and a growth curve was drawn. The results (Figure 1) showed that there were no significant difference between the recombinant viruses and the parental virus, indicating that the gene insertion have no impact to the virus replication on CEFs..
[0189] 2.4 Titration
[0190] CEF cells were used to determine the titer (PFU) of the recombinant Marek's disease viruses. The results are shown in the table 1 below:
[0191] Table 1. Titer of the recombinant Marek's disease viruses
[0192] 3 Identification of the expression of NDV-F protein.
[0193] The recombinant Marek's disease viruses containing the Newcastle disease virus F gene were infected into a CEF pre-seeded 24-well plate with a dilution of 10-2 to10-4, then cultured in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 5 days, and dual immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of NDV-F protein.
[0194] Dual immunofluorescence assay steps: when observed obvious plaques, the cell culture medium was discarded, the cells were washed lightly with PBS once, then pre-cold 96%ethanol was added to each well for fixing at room temperature for 10 minutes, the 96%ethanol was discarded, and dried naturally; then 200-fold diluted anti-NDV chicken serum and MDV mouse monoclonal antibody (purchased from Shandong Agricultural University) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; the antibodies were discarded, and cells were washed 3 times with PBS; anti-chicken and anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (H+L) and Alexa Fluor 596 donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) , purchased from Invitrogen) were added, incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour; secondary antibodies were discarded and cells were washed three times with PBS and observed under a fluorescence microscope. The plaques of the recombinant Marek's disease viruses containing the Newcastle disease F gene showed specific fluorescence for MDV and NDV (Figure 2) . The results showed that all recombinant viruses expressed NDV-F protein in CEFs.
[0195] Example 3. Efficacy test of recombinant SC9-2 live vector vaccine candidate expressing NDV-F
[0196] 3.1 Experimental design
[0197] In this example, the recombinant serotype I Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidates expressing Newcastle disease virus F gene were inoculated into 1-day-old SPF chickens via subcutaneous route. At 28 days after vaccination, all the chickens were challenged with the virulent Beijing strain of chicken Newcastle disease virus CVCC AV1611 (purchased from the Bacteria and Virus Culture Collection Center of China Veterinary Drug Supervision Institute) . The aim is to evaluate the immune protective efficacy of vaccine candidate strains after virus challenge.
[0198] The recombinant viruses used in this example were rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10 and rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3 obtained in the above examples.
[0199] On the day the test started (i.e., the day the SPF test chickens hatched) , 50 1-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (SPF chicken embryos were purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and hatched in Animal Testing Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (China) Co., Ltd. ) . Group 1 was the test group for the recombinant Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strain rSC9-2 UL55-NDF-Lorf10, with 20 chickens; Group 2 was the test group for the recombinant Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strain rSC9-2 US10-NDF-Sorf3, with 20 chickens; Group 3 was the challenge control group, with 10 chickens. As shown in Table 2, all test chickens were subcutaneously inoculated with the corresponding test materials. After vaccination, all test chickens underwent clinical observation for 28 days. At 28 days post vaccination, all test chickens were challenged with 0.1 ml of virulent Newcastle disease Beijing strain via intramuscular route, and the challenge dose was 104.0ELD50 / bird. The experimental design and grouping are shown in Table 2.
[0200] Table 2. Experimental design and grouping
[0201] After vaccination, all test chickens were observed continuously for 28 days. General clinical observations were conducted daily, and abnormalities in spirit, feed intake, breathing, and defecation of the test chickens were recorded.
[0202] At 28 days after vaccination, blood samples were collected from all test chickens through the wing veins before challenge, and the serum was separated, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Newcastle disease virus antibodies.
[0203] The test chickens were observed continuously for 14 days after challenge. Clinical observations and scoring were conducted on the test chickens one by one daily. The scoring rules are as follows:
[0204] -0 points, normal;
[0205] -1 point, positive for ND infection, clinical symptoms include but not limited to: depression, lethargy, ruffled feathers, dyspnea, nervous symptoms (head or muscular tremors, torticollis, paralysis) , oral and nasal salivation, conjunctivitis (need to exclude ammonia cases caused by excessive concentration) , facial swelling, etc.
[0206] At the end of the experiment, all surviving chickens were euthanized without necropsy.
[0207] 3.2 ND antibody levels in test chickens
[0208] At 28 days post vaccination, the blood samples were collected and centrifuged to separate the serum. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the Newcastle disease virus antibodies in the serum. The test results are shown in Table 3. rSC9-2 / UL55-NDF-Lorf10 vaccination can induce a good humoral immune response in the body, and the antibody conversion rate was 100%. rSC9-2 / US10-NDF-Sorf3 vaccination can also induce a good humoral immune response in the body, and the antibody conversion rate was 85%.
[0209] Table 3 serum HI antibody titers of test chickens in each group
[0210] 3.3 Protection rate of recombinant virus against NDV challenge
[0211] After being inoculated with rSC9-2 / UL55-NDF-Lorf10, no chickens in the immune group died after challenge. At the same time, no clinical symptoms of Newcastle disease occurred, and the protection rate against the virus was 100%.
[0212] After being inoculated with rSC9-2 / US10-NDF-Sorf3, two chickens in the immune group showed clinical signs, one of which died on Day 7 post challenge. Other chickens in the immune group did not show clinical symptoms of Newcastle disease or death, and the protection rate against the virus was 90%.
[0213] All test chickens in the challenge control group died within 4 days after challenge. The results of death, incidence, and protection rate after challenge in each test group are shown in Table 4.
[0214] Table 4 Protection of each test group after ND challenge
[0215] 3.4 Conclusion
[0216] The recombinant Marek's disease virus live vector vaccine candidate strains expressing Newcastle disease virus F gene used in this example can provide at least 90%protection against ND challenge and are ideal vaccine candidate strains for ND.
[0217] Sequences involved in the present application:
[0218] SEQ ID NO: 1 UL55 amino acid sequence
[0219] SEQ ID NO: 2 UL55 sequence
[0220] SEQ ID NO: 3 Lorf10 amino acid sequence
[0221] SEQ ID NO: 4 Lorf10
[0222] SEQ ID NO: 5 Sequence between UL55-Lorf10
[0223] SEQ ID NO: 6 US10 amino acid sequence
[0224] SEQ ID NO: 7 US10 sequence
[0225] SEQ ID NO: 8 Sorf3 amino acid sequence
[0226] SEQ ID NO: 9 Sorf3
[0227] SEQ ID NO: 10 Sequence between US10-Sorf3
[0228] SEQ ID NO: 11 Amino acid sequence of NDV-F protein
[0229] SEQ ID NO: 12 Coding sequence of NDV-F protein
[0230] SEQ ID NO: 13 NDF expression cassette
[0231] SEQ ID NO: 14 downstream UL55 flanking region in SC9-2
[0232] SEQ ID NO: 15 downstream UL55 flanking region in CVI988
[0233] SEQ ID NO: 16 downstream UL55 flanking region in 814 strain
[0234] SEQ ID NO: 17 upstream Lorf10 flanking region in SC9-2
[0235] SEQ ID NO: 18 upstream Lorf10 flanking region in CVI988
[0236] SEQ ID NO: 19 upstream Lorf10 flanking region in 814 strain
[0237] SEQ ID NO: 20 downstream US10 flanking region in SC9-2
[0238] SEQ ID NO: 21 downstream US10 flanking region in CVI988
[0239] SEQ ID NO: 22 downstream US10 flanking region in 814 strain
[0240] SEQ ID NO: 23 upstream Sorf3 flanking region in SC9-2
[0241] SEQ ID NO: 24 upstream Sorf3 flanking region in CVI988
[0242] SEQ ID NO: 25 upstream Sorf3 flanking region in 814 strain
Claims
1.A recombinant serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (rMDV1) comprising an expression cassette in the genome thereof,wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of at least one antigenic polypeptide of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) .2.The recombinant virus of claim 1, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from a serotype 1 MDV strain, preferably, an attenuated serotype 1 MDV strain.3.The recombinant virus of claim 2, wherein serotype 1 MDV strain is selected from the group consisting of Dutch CVI988 strain (Rispens) , Chinese 814 strain and SC9-2 strain.4.The recombinant virus of claim 3, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain.5.The recombinant virus of claim 4, wherein the recombinant virus is derived from the SC9-2 strain deposited with CCTCC under the accession number: CCTCC No: V2023114 on December 15, 2023.6.The rMDV1 of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one antigenic polypeptide of NDV is F protein of NDV.7.The rMDV1 of claim 6, wherein the expression cassette comprises a coding sequence of the F protein of NDV operably linked to a promoter, preferably, a SV40 promoter.8.The rMDV1 of any one of claims 6-7, wherein the F protein comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11.9.The rMDV1 of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the coding sequence of the F protein comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12.10.The rMDV1 of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the expression cassette comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13.11.The rMDV1 of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the expression cassette is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10, or a position between US10 and Sorf3, preferably, the expression cassette is located at a position between UL55 and Lorf10.12.An immunogenic composition, comprising the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-11, and optionally a pharmaceutical-or veterinary-acceptable carrier or excipient.13.The immunogenic composition of claim 12, which is a vaccine, and optionally comprises an adjuvant.14.Use of the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-11 in preparation of an immunogenic composition for inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.15.The use of claim 14, wherein the pathogen is MDV and / or NDV.16.The recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-11 or the immunogenic composition of claim 12 or 13, for use in a method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.17.The recombinant virus or immunogenic composition for use according to claim 16, wherein the pathogen is MDV and / or NDV.18.A method of inducing a protective immune response in a host animal against a pathogen, said method comprising the step of administering to the animal the recombinant virus of any one of claims 1-11 or the immunogenic composition of claim 12 or 13, preferably said animal is an avian, more preferably, a poultry such as a chicken.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the pathogen is MDV and / or NDV.
Citation Information
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