Base station, terminal device, and communication method

Abstract

This base station comprises a transmission unit that transmits setting information which includes a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and / or a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication, the setting information being transmitted to a terminal device that performs wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel. The first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

Description

Base station, terminal device, and communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a base station, a terminal device, and a communication method.

[0002] In recent years, due to increasing demands for communication performance such as wide-area coverage, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) in which wireless networks are provided from devices floating in the air or space have been studied. In non-terrestrial networks, non-terrestrial stations such as satellite stations or HAPS (High Altitude Platform Stations) are used as base stations or relay stations.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-53788

[0004] Lauri Sormunen, Henrik Martikainen, Jani Puttonen, Dorin Panaitopol “Co-existence of Terrestrial and Non-TerrestrialNetworks on Adjacent Frequency Bands”, 2022 11th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 17th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS / SPSC), 2022.

[0005] In the future, as non-terrestrial networks become more widespread, it is expected that situations will arise in which non-terrestrial stations and terrestrial stations communicate with terminal devices using the same or adjacent frequency bands. If conventional communication technologies are applied to communications between these communication devices as they are, there is a possibility that high communication performance (e.g., high connection stability, low latency, high reliability, high throughput, low power consumption, low processing load, etc.) will not be achieved due to interference between the terrestrial and non-terrestrial stations.

[0006] Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a base station, a terminal device, and a communication method that can achieve high communication performance.

[0007] It should be noted that the above problem or object is merely one of multiple problems or objects that can be solved or achieved by multiple embodiments disclosed in this specification.

[0008] In order to solve the above problem, a base station of one embodiment according to the present disclosure includes a transmitting unit that transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication to a terminal device that performs wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

[0009] 1 is a diagram for explaining an overview of the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network provided by the communication system. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an overview of satellite communication provided by the communication system. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cell formed by non-geostationary satellite stations. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a ground station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a non-ground station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a relay station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band for each UE channel bandwidth and SCS. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band width in the UE channel bandwidth. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band for FR1. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band for FR2. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band for an SCS 240 kHz SS / PBCH block for each BS channel bandwidth. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a minimum guard band width in the BS channel bandwidth. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example in which frequency blocks for ground stations and frequency blocks for non-ground stations coexist in the same frequency band. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example in which frequency blocks for ground stations and frequency blocks for non-ground stations are adjacent to each other, allocated to different frequency bands. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining settings related to the modulation method of a second channel. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an MCS index table. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining settings related to use of the second channel. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining settings related to the first channel. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining settings related to the second channel. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining settings related to the first channel. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of setting processes.FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the sequence of the communication process. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the sequence of the generation process.

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

[0011] Additionally, in this description / specification, the phrase "at least one of" following a list of elements is understood to mean that the listed elements are optional. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" means "(A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C)." "At least one of A, B, or C" and "at least one of A, B, and / or C" are similar to "at least one of A, B, and C." Here, A, B, and C are all arbitrary expressions (e.g., words, phrases, clauses, terms, or items).

[0012] In addition, in this specification and drawings, multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration may be distinguished by adding different numbers to the same reference numeral. For example, multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration may be distinguished by adding different numbers to the same reference numerals to the terminal device 50 as needed. １ , 50 ２ , and 50 ３ However, when there is no need to particularly distinguish between multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration, only the same reference numerals are used. For example, the terminal device 50 １, 50 ２ , and 50 ３ When there is no need to particularly distinguish between them, they will be simply referred to as terminal devices 50.

[0013] One or more embodiments (including examples and modified examples) described below can be implemented independently. However, at least a portion of the embodiments described below may be implemented in appropriate combination with at least a portion of another embodiment. These embodiments may include novel features that are different from one another. Therefore, these embodiments may contribute to solving different purposes or problems and may produce different effects.

[0014] The present disclosure will be described in the following order: 1. Overview 1-1. Problems 1-2. Overview of the Solution 2. Configuration of a Communication System 2-1. Example Configuration of a Management Device 2-2. Example Configuration of a Ground Station 2-3. Example Configuration of a Non-Ground Station 2-4. Example Configuration of a Base Station 2-5. Example Configuration of a Relay Station 2-6. Example Configuration of a Terminal Device 3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology 3-1. Minimum Guard Band Width in a UE Channel Bandwidth 3-2. Minimum Guard Band Width in a BS Channel Bandwidth 4. Wireless Communication Assumed in This Embodiment 4-1. When Wireless Communication is Performed in the Same Frequency Band 4-2. When Wireless Communication is Performed in Different Frequency Bands 4-3. Frequency Blocks 5. Operation of a Communication System 5-1. Example 1 5-2. Example 2 5-3. Example 3 5-4. Example 4 5-5. Example 5 5-6. Example 6 5-7. Example 7 6. Sequence Examples 6-1. Sequence Example 1 6-2. Sequence Example 2 6-3. Sequence Example 3 6-4. Sequence Example 4 6-5. Sequence Example 5 6-6. Sequence Example 6 6-7. Sequence Example 7 6-8. Sequence Example 8 6-9. Sequence Example 9 6-10. Sequence Example 10 7. Modifications 8. Conclusion

[0015] <<1. Overview>> Radio access technologies (RATs) such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) and NR (New Radio) are being studied by 3GPP (registered trademark). LTE and NR are types of cellular communication technologies that enable mobile communication for terminal devices by arranging multiple areas covered by base stations (e.g., eNBs (eNodeBs), gNBs (gNodeBs), or RAN nodes (including EUTRAN and NGRAN)) in the form of cells. In addition, in recent years, studies on 6G have also begun. 6G, as a type of cellular communication technology, may also become a technology that enables mobile communication for terminal devices by arranging multiple areas covered by base stations in the form of cells. Note that a single base station may manage multiple cells.

[0016] In the following description, "LTE" includes LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), LTE-A Pro (LTE-Advanced Pro), and EUTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access). NR includes NRAT (New Radio Access Technology) and FEUTRA (Further EUTRA). A single base station may manage multiple cells. In the following description, a cell corresponding to LTE is referred to as an LTE cell, and a cell corresponding to NR is referred to as an NR cell.

[0017] NR is the next generation (5th generation) radio access technology after LTE (4th generation communications including LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro). NR is a radio access technology that can support various use cases, including eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications), and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications). NR was standardized in 3GPP (registered trademark) Rel-15 as a technical framework that corresponds to the usage scenarios, requirements, and deployment scenarios of these use cases. Furthermore, B5G (Beyond 5G) and 6G require the simultaneous realization of multiple axes of high speed, large capacity, low latency, high reliability, and multiple simultaneous connections.

[0018] 6G is the next generation of cellular communications technology, following NR and 5GS (5G system), which are fifth-generation mobile communications. 6G includes radio access technology and network technologies between base stations, core networks, and data networks. 6G also includes technologies for extreme connectivity, which were the main use cases or requirements of NR: eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC. 6G also includes new technologies in new areas. For example, 6G may include technologies related to AI (cognitive network, AI native air interface), sensing (including radar / RF sensing and network as a sensor), and terahertz communications.

[0019] In the following description, when specific examples are given, specific values ​​are used in the description, but the values ​​may not be limited to the examples and other values ​​may be used.

[0020] In addition, in the following description, the resource may represent any of Frequency, Time, Resource Element (including REG, CCE, and CORESET), Resource Block, Bandwidth Part, Component Carrier, Symbol, Sub-Symbol, Slot, Mini-Slot, Subslot, Subframe, Frame, PRACH occasion, Occasion, Code, Multi-access physical resource, Multi-access signature, or Subcarrier Spacing (Numerology), etc.

[0021] In the following description, the resource block may be interpreted as a resource element (including REG, CCE, and CORESET), a resource block, a bandwidth part, a component carrier, or the like.

[0022] In the following description, a non-terrestrial station may be read as a non-terrestrial base station, and a terrestrial station may be read as a terrestrial base station.

[0023] <1-1. Issues> In cellular mobile communications, a wireless network is constructed by base stations or relay stations (hereinafter also referred to as ground stations) installed on the ground forming cells (e.g., macrocells, microcells, femtocells, or small cells). These base stations / relay stations installed on the ground are called ground stations (or terrestrial base stations / terrestrial relay stations). Furthermore, the wireless network provided by the ground stations is called a terrestrial network.

[0024] On the other hand, due to increasing demands for reducing base station costs and providing coverage to areas where radio waves from base stations are difficult to reach, provision of wireless networks to terminal devices via base stations / relay stations other than terrestrial stations, such as satellite stations and aircraft stations, is being considered. These base stations / relay stations other than terrestrial stations are called non-terrestrial stations (or non-terrestrial base stations / non-terrestrial relay stations). Furthermore, wireless networks provided by non-terrestrial stations are called non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). By using the same wireless access method for both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, integrated operation of the terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks becomes possible.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of this embodiment. Currently, frequency bands are assigned separately to non-terrestrial stations and terrestrial stations. For example, n255 and n256 are currently assigned as frequency bands for non-terrestrial stations. That is, currently, terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations perform wireless communication using different frequency bands. However, with the spread of non-terrestrial networks in the future, it is expected that terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations will perform wireless communication using the same frequency band. Furthermore, even if terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations perform wireless communication using different frequency bands, it is expected that there will be many cases in which non-terrestrial stations and terrestrial stations perform wireless communication using adjacent frequency bands.

[0026] If frequency bands could be allocated equally to non-terrestrial stations and terrestrial stations, the number of frequency bands allocated to non-terrestrial stations could be increased, enabling more flexible frequency allocation, which would enable even larger-capacity communications using non-terrestrial stations.

[0027] However, when a non-terrestrial station and a terrestrial station communicate with a terminal device using the same or adjacent frequency bands, interference between the terrestrial station and the non-terrestrial station is expected to become an issue. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the influence of interference on non-terrestrial stations caused by radio waves transmitted by terrestrial stations or terrestrial terminal devices is relatively large.

[0028] In other words, if conventional communication technologies (e.g., conventional interference reduction technologies) are applied as they are to communications between these communication devices (e.g., communications between non-terrestrial stations and terminal devices, and communications between terrestrial stations and terminal devices), there is a possibility that communications with high communication performance will not be achieved due to interference between terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations.

[0029] <1-2. Overview of Solution> Therefore, in this embodiment, the above problem is solved by the following means. Note that the term "base station" that appears in the following description can be replaced with "relay station" as appropriate. A relay station may be considered as a type of base station (relay base station).

[0030] The communication system of this embodiment includes a base station and a terminal device. The base station is a non-terrestrial station that forms a cell on the ground (e.g., cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 ). Alternatively, the base station is a terrestrial station that forms a cell on the ground (e.g., cell 2 shown in FIG. 1 ).

[0031] In this embodiment, the first channel used for terrestrial communication and the second channel used for non-terrestrial communication (or non-terrestrial uplink communication) are adjacent channels, i.e., the first channel is adjacent to the channel used for non-terrestrial communication (or non-terrestrial uplink communication), and the second channel is adjacent to the channel used for terrestrial communication.

[0032] The base station transmits to the terminal device configuration information including at least one of a first configuration related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second configuration related to wireless communication using a second channel. The configuration information may include one of the first configuration and the second configuration, or may include both the first configuration and the second configuration. In this embodiment, the first configuration and the second configuration are different configurations. The terminal device configures wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the configuration information received from the base station.

[0033] In this manner, in the present embodiment, a second setting to be used for communication using a second channel (non-terrestrial communication) is prepared in addition to a first setting to be used for communication using a first channel (terrestrial communication). This enables a setting according to the channel in use (for example, an interference reduction setting according to the state of the channel in use), and therefore the communication system 1 can achieve communication with high communication performance (for example, communication with high connection stability).

[0034] As described above, the configuration information includes at least one of a first configuration and a second configuration. Here, it is assumed that the configuration information includes a second configuration. In this case, the second configuration may include a configuration that sets the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the second channel to a minimum guard band width that is wider than the minimum guard band width of the first channel (e.g., a minimum guard band width based on a conventional interference reduction technique).

[0035] The terminal device receives configuration information from the base station. For example, the terminal device receives configuration information from the base station that includes a setting for a minimum guard band width of the second channel. Then, the terminal device configures wireless communication using the second channel based on the configuration information received from the base station. Then, the terminal device performs wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a base station) using the second channel.

[0036] This widens the guard band width of the second channel used for non-terrestrial communication, thereby suppressing interference from adjacent channels (particularly the first channel used for terrestrial communication) to the non-terrestrial communication (second channel).As a result, the terminal device can achieve communication with high communication performance (e.g., communication with high connection stability).

[0037] The setting information may include a first setting, in which the minimum guard band width of at least one of the guard bands of the first channel is set to a minimum guard band width wider than the minimum guard band width of the second channel.

[0038] The terminal device receives configuration information from the base station. For example, the terminal device receives configuration information from the base station that includes a setting for a minimum guard band width of a first channel. Then, the terminal device configures wireless communication using the first channel based on the configuration information received from the base station. Then, the terminal device performs wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a base station) using the first channel.

[0039] This widens the guard band width of the first channel used for terrestrial communication, thereby suppressing interference from the terrestrial communication to adjacent channels (particularly the second channel used for non-terrestrial communication).As a result, the terminal device can achieve communication with high communication performance (e.g., communication with high connection stability).

[0040] Note that the base station implementing the technology described in this embodiment may be a non-terrestrial base station device that operates as a communication device, such as a satellite station, a drone, a balloon, or an airplane. The base station implementing the present technology may also be a gateway (transparent payload system) located on the ground. The base station implementing the present technology may also be a terrestrial base station device.

[0041] The outline of this embodiment has been described above, and the communication system according to this embodiment will now be described in detail.

[0042] <<2. Configuration of Communication System>> First, the configuration of a communication system 1 according to this embodiment will be described.

[0043] The communication system 1 is a cellular communication system using wireless access technologies such as LTE, NR, B5G (Beyond 5G), and 6G. The communication system 1 provides wireless communication to terrestrial terminal devices via non-terrestrial stations (e.g., satellite stations or aircraft stations). If the non-terrestrial stations are satellite stations, the communication system 1 may be a bent-pipe (transparent) type mobile satellite communication system. Of course, some or all of the non-terrestrial stations included in the communication system 1 may be configured to function as base stations rather than relay stations.

[0044] The wireless access method used by the communication system 1 is not limited to LTE, NR, B5G, and 6G. The wireless access method used by the communication system 1 may be a wireless access method other than those mentioned above, such as W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) or cdma2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000). Of course, the wireless access method used by the communication system 1 may be a wireless access method of a generation after 6G.

[0045] In this embodiment, a terrestrial station (also referred to as a terrestrial base station) refers to a base station (including a relay station) installed on the ground. Here, "terrestrial" has a broad meaning, including not only land but also underground, on water, and underwater. In the following description, the term "terrestrial station" may be replaced with "gateway."

[0046] Furthermore, the technology of the present disclosure is applicable not only to communications between non-terrestrial base stations and terminal devices, but also to communications between terrestrial base stations and terminal devices, where the terrestrial base stations and terminal devices may communicate via non-terrestrial stations such as satellite stations and aircraft stations.

[0047] The configuration of the communication system 1 will be specifically described below.

[0048] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication system 1 includes a management device 10, a terrestrial station 20, a non-terrestrial station 30, a relay station 40, and a terminal device 50. The communication system 1 provides users with a wireless network capable of mobile communication by having the wireless communication devices constituting the communication system 1 operate in cooperation with each other. The wireless network of this embodiment is composed of, for example, a wireless access network and a core network. Note that, in this embodiment, a wireless communication device refers to a device having a wireless communication function, and in the example of FIG. 2, the wireless communication device corresponds to the terrestrial station 20, the non-terrestrial station 30, the relay station 40, and the terminal device 50.

[0049] The communication system 1 may include a plurality of management devices 10, ground stations 20, non-ground stations 30, relay stations 40, and terminal devices 50. In the example of FIG. 2, the communication system 1 includes a management device 10. １ , 10 ２ The communication system 1 also includes a ground station 20. １ , 20 ２ and a non-terrestrial station 30 as the non-terrestrial station 30 １ , 30 ２ The communication system 1 also includes a relay station 40. １ , 40 ２ The terminal device 50 is provided with the terminal device 50 １ , 50 ２ , 50 ３ It is equipped with:

[0050] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless network provided by the communication system 1. As shown in FIG.

[0051] The management device 10 is, for example, a device that constitutes a core network CN. The management device 10 is connected to a network PN. The management device 10 is connected to a terrestrial station 20 and a non-terrestrial station 30, and enables a terminal device 50 to connect to the network PN. The network PN is a public data network such as the Internet. The network PN is not limited to the Internet, and may be, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a telephone network (such as a mobile phone network or a fixed telephone network), or a regional Internet Protocol (IP) network. Of course, the network PN may also be another mobile network. For example, the network PN may be a cellular network provided by an entity (e.g., a business entity such as an MNO (Mobile Network Operator)) different from the entity that operates the communication system 1.

[0052] The ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 are base stations or relay stations. In the following description, the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 are assumed to be base stations, but the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 may also be relay stations. The ground station 20 is, for example, a terrestrial base station installed on a ground structure, and the non-ground station 30 is, for example, a non-terrestrial base station such as a satellite station or a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS). The ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 each constitute a cell. A cell is an area covered by wireless communication. A cell may be any of a macrocell, microcell, femtocell, and small cell. Note that the communication system 1 may be configured so that a single base station (satellite station) manages multiple cells, or so that multiple base stations manage one cell.

[0053] In the example of FIG. １ , 20 ２ constitute a terrestrial network TN1, and the terrestrial station 20 ３ , 20 ４ , 20 ５ constitute the terrestrial network TN2. The terrestrial network TN1 and the terrestrial network TN2 are networks operated by a wireless communication carrier such as a telephone company, for example. The terrestrial network TN1 and the terrestrial network TN2 may be operated by different wireless communication carriers or may be operated by the same wireless communication carrier. The terrestrial network TN1 and the terrestrial network TN2 may also be considered as one terrestrial network.

[0054] The terrestrial network TN1 and the terrestrial network TN2 are each connected to a core network. In the example of FIG. 3, the terrestrial station 20 constituting the terrestrial network TN2 is, for example, a management device 10 １The terrestrial network TN1 is connected to a core network CN configured by the above. If the radio access method of the terrestrial network TN2 is LTE, the core network CN is EPC. Also, if the radio access method of the terrestrial network TN2 is NR, the core network CN is 5GC. Of course, the core network CN is not limited to EPC or 5GC, and may be a core network of another radio access method. In the example of FIG. 3, the terrestrial network TN1 is not connected to a core network, but the terrestrial network TN1 may be connected to the core network CN. Also, the terrestrial network TN1 may be connected to a core network (not shown) different from the core network CN.

[0055] The core network CN includes, for example, a gateway device and a gateway switch, and is connected to the network PN via the gateway device or the gateway switch. As described above, the network PN is a public network such as the Internet. The gateway device may be a server device connected to the Internet or a regional IP network. The gateway switch is, for example, a switch connected to a telephone company's telephone network. Management device 10 １ may have a function as a gateway device or a gateway switch.

[0056] The non-terrestrial station 30 shown in Fig. 3 is, for example, a satellite station or an aircraft station. A group of satellite stations (or satellite stations) constituting a non-terrestrial network is called a space-borne platform. Also, a group of aircraft stations (or aircraft stations) constituting a non-terrestrial network is called an airborne platform. In the example of Fig. 3, the non-terrestrial station 30 １ , 30 ２ , 30 ３ constitute the spaceborne platform SBP1, and the non-ground station 30 ４ The spaceborne platform SBP2 is composed of the non-ground station 30. ５ constitutes the Airborne Platform ABP1.

[0057] The non-terrestrial station 30 may be able to communicate with the terrestrial network or the core network via the relay station 40. Of course, the non-terrestrial station 30 may be able to communicate directly with the terrestrial network or the core network without going through the relay station 40. The non-terrestrial station 30 may be able to communicate with the terminal device 50 via the relay station 40, or may be able to communicate directly with the terminal device 50. Furthermore, the non-terrestrial stations 30 may be able to communicate directly with each other without going through the relay station 40.

[0058] The relay station 40 relays communication between a ground device and the non-terrestrial station 30. The relay station 40 may be a ground station or a non-terrestrial station. In the example of FIG. 3, the relay station 40 ２ relays communications between the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30, and the relay station 40 １ relays communication between the management device 10 and the non-terrestrial station 30. The relay station 40 may also relay communication between the terminal device 50 and the non-terrestrial station 30. The relay station 40 may also be capable of communicating with other relay stations 40.

[0059] The terminal device 50 can communicate with both terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations. In the example of FIG. １ can communicate with the terrestrial stations that make up the terrestrial network TN1. １ The terminal device 50 can communicate with non-ground stations constituting the spaceborne platforms SBP1 and SBP2. The terminal device 50 can also communicate with non-ground stations constituting the airborne platform ABP1. The terminal device 50 may be capable of communicating with the relay station 40. The terminal device 50 may also be capable of directly communicating with other terminal devices 50. １ is the terminal device 50 ２ It may be possible to communicate directly with

[0060] Each device constituting the spaceborne platforms SBP1 and SBP2 performs satellite communication with a terminal device 50. Satellite communication refers to wireless communication between a satellite station and a communication device. Figure 4 is a diagram showing an overview of satellite communication provided by the communication system 1. Satellite stations are mainly divided into geostationary satellite stations and low-earth orbit satellite stations.

[0061] A geostationary satellite station is a satellite station located in a geostationary orbit and revolving around the Earth at the same speed as the Earth's rotation speed. In the example of FIG. 4, the non-ground station 30 constituting the spaceborne platform SBP2 ４ is a geostationary satellite station. A geostationary orbit is a satellite orbit at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km. A geostationary orbit is also called a geostationary earth orbit (GEO). The relative velocity of a geostationary satellite station with respect to a terrestrial terminal device 50 is almost zero, and the geostationary satellite station is observed by the terrestrial terminal device 50 as if it were stationary. ４ is a terminal device 50 located on the earth. １ , 50 ３ , 50 ４ etc., and conducts satellite communications.

[0062] The low-earth orbit satellite station is a satellite station that orbits in a low orbit. In the example of FIG. 4, the non-ground station 30 constituting the spaceborne platform SBP1 １ , 30 ２ are low-earth orbit satellite stations. A low-earth orbit is a satellite orbit with an altitude of approximately 2000 km or less (for example, an altitude of 100 km to 2000 km). A low-earth orbit is also called a low-earth orbit (LEO). Unlike a geostationary satellite station, a low-earth orbit satellite station has a relative velocity with respect to the terrestrial terminal device 50, and is observed by the terrestrial terminal device 50 as if it is moving. Non-terrestrial station 30 １ , 30 ２ Each cell is composed of a terminal device 50 located on the earth. １ , 50 ３ , 50 ４ etc., and conducts satellite communications.

[0063] 4, a non-terrestrial station 30 is shown as a satellite station constituting the spaceborne platform SBP1. １ , 30 ２ However, in reality, a satellite constellation is formed by many satellite stations. In this case, the number of satellite stations constituting the spaceborne platform SBP1 is three or more (for example, several tens to several thousands).

[0064] Although the example of FIG. 4 shows only geostationary satellite stations and low-earth orbit satellite stations as satellite stations, the satellite stations constituting the communication system 1 may also include medium-earth orbit satellite stations. A medium-earth orbit satellite station is a satellite station orbiting in a medium orbit. A medium orbit is an orbit located between a low orbit and a geostationary orbit. A medium orbit is also called a medium Earth orbit (MEO). The satellite stations constituting the communication system 1 may also include highly elliptical orbit satellite stations located in highly elliptical orbits (HEO). The satellite stations forming a satellite constellation may include not only low-earth orbit satellite stations, but also medium-earth orbit satellite stations, highly elliptical orbit satellite stations, and geostationary satellite stations. The satellite stations may also include very low-earth orbit satellite stations. A very low-earth orbit satellite station is a satellite station orbiting in a very low Earth orbit (VLEO).

[0065] 5 is a diagram showing an example of a cell formed by a non-geostationary satellite station. ２ In the example of FIG. 5, a cell C formed by the non-terrestrial station 30 ２ is a low-earth orbit satellite station (or an ultra-low-earth orbit satellite station). A satellite station orbiting in a low earth orbit has a predetermined directivity on the ground and communicates with a terminal device 50 on the ground. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the angle R is 40°. In the example of FIG. 5, the non-ground station 30 ２ The radius D of the cell C formed by the non-terrestrial station 30 is, for example, 1000 km. The low-earth orbit satellite station moves at a constant speed. If it becomes difficult for the low-earth orbit satellite station to provide satellite communication to the terminal device 50 on the ground, a subsequent low-earth orbit satellite station (neighbor satellite station) provides the satellite communication. In the example of FIG. 5, ２ If it becomes difficult for the satellite station 30 to provide satellite communications to the terrestrial terminal 50, the subsequent non-terrestrial station 30 ３ The above values ​​of angle R and radius D are merely examples and are not limited to the above.

[0066] Medium-earth orbit satellites and low-earth orbit satellites move in orbit at extremely high speeds. For example, a low-earth orbit satellite at an altitude of 600 km moves in orbit at a speed of 7.6 km / s. A low-earth orbit satellite forms a cell (or beam) on the ground with a radius of several tens to several hundreds of km. However, since the cell formed on the ground also moves in accordance with the movement of the satellite, a handover may be necessary even if the terminal device on the ground is not moving. For example, assuming that the diameter of the cell formed on the ground is 50 km and the terminal device on the ground is not moving, a handover occurs in approximately 6 to 7 seconds.

[0067] As described above, the terminal device 50 is capable of wireless communication using a non-terrestrial network. Furthermore, the non-terrestrial station 30 of the communication system 1 constitutes a non-terrestrial network. This enables the communication system 1 to extend services to the terminal device 50 located in an area that cannot be covered by the terrestrial network.

[0068] For example, the communication system 1 can provide public safety communications and critical communications to communication devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine-type communications (MTC) devices. Furthermore, the use of a non-terrestrial network improves service reliability and resilience, thereby reducing the vulnerability of services to physical attacks or natural disasters. The communication system 1 can also provide service connections to aircraft terminal devices such as airplane passengers and drones, and to mobile terminal devices such as ships and trains. The communication system 1 can also provide highly efficient multicast services and broadcast services, such as A / V content, group communications, IoT broadcast services, software download services, and emergency messages. Furthermore, the communication system 1 can also offload traffic between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.

[0069] To achieve these, it is desirable that the non-terrestrial network provided by the communication system 1 be integrated with the terrestrial network at a higher layer, and that the non-terrestrial network provided by the communication system 1 share the same radio access method as the terrestrial network.

[0070] The devices in the figure may be considered devices in a logical sense, i.e., some of the devices in the figure may be realized as virtual machines (VMs), containers (e.g., Docker), etc., and these may be physically implemented on the same hardware.

[0071] In this embodiment, the terrestrial station and the non-terrestrial station can be referred to as a base station. The satellite station can be referred to as a relay station. If the satellite station has the function of a base station, the satellite station can be referred to as a base station.

[0072] In the following description, a terminal device may be referred to as a UE (User Equipment). A terminal device is a type of communication device and is also called a mobile station or a terminal.

[0073] In this embodiment, the concept of a communication device includes not only portable mobile devices (terminal devices) such as mobile terminals, but also devices installed in structures or mobile bodies. The structures or mobile bodies themselves may be considered as communication devices. Furthermore, the concept of a communication device includes not only terminal devices but also base stations and relay stations. A communication device is a type of processing device and information processing device. Furthermore, a communication device can be referred to as a transmitting device or a receiving device.

[0074] The following describes in detail the configuration of each device that constitutes the communication system 1. Note that the configuration of each device shown below is merely an example. The configuration of each device may be different from the configuration shown below.

[0075] <2-1. Example of Configuration of Management Device> Next, an example of the configuration of the management device 10 will be described.

[0076] The management device 10 is an information processing device (computer) that manages a wireless network. For example, the management device 10 is an information processing device that manages communication between base stations.

[0077] The management device 10 may be a device constituting a core network CN. For example, the management device 10 may be a device having a function as an MME (Mobility Management Entity). The management device 10 may also be a device having a function as an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and / or an SMF (Session Management Function). The MME, AMF, and SMF are control plane network function nodes in the core network CN. The management device 10 may be a device having a function as a control plane network function (6G CPNF) in 6G. The 6G CPNF may be composed of one or more logical nodes.

[0078] Of course, the functions of the management device 10 are not limited to MME, AMF, SMF, and 6G CPNF. The management device 10 may be a device having functions as a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), an Authentication Server Function (AUSF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), and a Unified Data Management (UDM). Furthermore, the management device 10 may be a device having functions as a Home Subscriber Server (HSS).

[0079] The management device 10 may have a gateway function. For example, the management device 10 may have a function as an S-GW (Serving Gateway) or a P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway). The management device 10 may also have a function as a UPF (User Plane Function). In this case, the management device 10 may have multiple UPFs. The management device 10 may also be a device that has a function as a 6G User Plane Network Function (6G UPNF).

[0080] The core network CN is composed of multiple network functions, and each network function may be consolidated into one physical device or distributed across multiple physical devices. In other words, the management device 10 may be distributed across multiple devices. Furthermore, this distributed distribution may be controlled to be executed dynamically. The base stations (terrestrial stations 20 and / or non-terrestrial stations 30), relay stations 40, and the management device 10 constitute a network and provide wireless communication services to terminal devices 50. The management device 10 is connected to the Internet, and the terminal devices 50 can use various services provided via the Internet via the base stations and / or relay stations.

[0081] The management device 10 does not necessarily have to be a device that constitutes the core network CN. For example, assume that the core network CN is a core network of W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) or cdma2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000). In this case, the management device 10 may be a device that functions as an RNC (Radio Network Controller).

[0082] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management device 10 according to this embodiment. The management device 10 includes a communication unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a control unit 13. The configuration shown in FIG. 6 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different from this. Furthermore, the functions of the management device 10 may be statically or dynamically distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated configurations. The management device 10 may also be configured by multiple server devices.

[0083] The communication unit 11 is a communication interface for communicating with other communication devices (e.g., base stations). The communication unit 11 may be a network interface or a device connection interface. The communication unit 11 may be a LAN (Local Area Network) interface such as a NIC (Network Interface Card), or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface configured by a USB host controller or a USB port. The communication unit 11 may be a wired interface or a wireless interface. The communication unit 11 is controlled by the control unit 13.

[0084] The storage unit 12 is a readable and writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk. The storage unit 12 stores, for example, the connection state of the terminal device 50. The storage unit 12 stores the state of the RRC (Radio Resource Control) of the terminal device 50 and the state of the ECM (EPS Connection Management) or the 5G System CM (Connection Management). The storage unit 12 may function as a home memory that stores location information of the terminal device 50.

[0085] The control unit 13 is a controller that controls each unit of the management device 10. The control unit 13 may be realized by a processor such as a CPU or MPU. In particular, the control unit 13 may be realized by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the management device 10 using RAM or the like as a work area. The control unit 13 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or FPGA. The control unit 13 may also be realized by a GPU. A CPU, MPU, ASIC, FPGA, and GPU can all be considered controllers. The control unit 13 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects. For example, the control unit 13 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.

[0086] 2-2. Example of the Configuration of the Ground Station First, an example of the configuration of the ground station 20 will be described.

[0087] The ground station 20 is a communication device located on the ground. For example, the ground station 20 is a wireless communication device that communicates wirelessly with the terminal device 50. The ground station 20 may be configured to communicate wirelessly with the terminal device 50 via a non-ground station 30, or may be configured to communicate wirelessly with the terminal device 50 via a terrestrial relay station. Of course, the ground station 20 may also be configured to communicate wirelessly directly with the terminal device 50.

[0088] 7 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a ground station 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ground station 20 includes a wireless communication unit 21, a storage unit 22, a control unit 23, and a network communication unit 24. Note that the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different from this. Furthermore, the functions of the ground station 20 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated units.

[0089] The wireless communication unit 21 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., at least one of the non-terrestrial station 30, the relay station 40, the terminal device 50, and the other terrestrial station 20). The wireless communication unit 21 may be referred to as a wireless transceiver or simply as a transceiver. In this case, the wireless communication unit 21 may be a transceiver (hereinafter referred to as a 3GPP transceiver) conforming to the specifications defined in the Technical Specification (TS) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The 3GPP transceiver may be a 3G transceiver, a 4G (LTE) transceiver, a 5G (NR) transceiver, or a transceiver of a generation after 5G (e.g., 6G). The wireless communication unit 21 is controlled by the control unit 23. The wireless communication unit 21 supports one or more wireless access methods. The wireless communication unit 21 may support at least one of NR, LTE, B5G (Beyond 5G), and 6G. In addition to NR, LTE, B5G, and 6G, the wireless communication unit 21 may also support W-CDMA, cdma2000, and the like. The wireless communication unit 21 may also support an automatic retransmission technique such as HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest). Some or all of the processing performed by the wireless communication unit 21 may be performed by the control unit 23.

[0090] The wireless communication unit 21 includes a transmission processing unit 211, a reception processing unit 212, and an antenna 213. At least one of the transmission processing unit 211, the reception processing unit 212, and the antenna 213 may be considered as the wireless communication unit 21. The wireless communication unit 21 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 211, a plurality of reception processing units 212, and a plurality of antennas 213. When the wireless communication unit 21 supports a plurality of wireless access methods, each unit of the wireless communication unit 21 may be configured individually for each wireless access method. The transmission processing unit 211 and the reception processing unit 212 may be configured individually for LTE, NR, B5G, and 6G. The antenna 213 may be configured with a plurality of antenna elements, for example, a plurality of patch antennas. The wireless communication unit 21 may have a beamforming function. For example, the wireless communication unit 21 may have a polarization beamforming function that uses vertically polarized waves (V polarization) and horizontally polarized waves (H polarization) (or a polarization beamforming function that uses dual polarization in polarization directions of 45 degrees and −45 degrees from the vertical direction). Note that the wireless communication unit 21 may transmit the sensing signal described above or below.

[0091] The transmission processing unit 211 performs transmission processing of downlink control information and downlink data. For example, the transmission processing unit 211 encodes the downlink control information and downlink data input from the control unit 23 using a coding method such as block coding, convolutional coding, or turbo coding. Here, the encoding may be performed using polar codes or low density parity check codes (LDPC codes). The transmission processing unit 211 then modulates the coded bits using a predetermined modulation method (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, or a higher-order multi-level modulation method). In this case, the signal points on the constellation do not necessarily need to be equidistant. The constellation may also be a non-uniform constellation (NUC). The transmission processing unit 211 then multiplexes the modulation symbols of each channel and the downlink reference signal, and allocates the multiplexed symbols to predetermined resource elements. The transmission processing unit 211 then performs various signal processing on the multiplexed signal. For example, the transmission processing unit 211 performs processing such as conversion to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform, addition of a guard interval (cyclic prefix), generation of a baseband digital signal, conversion to an analog signal, quadrature modulation, up-conversion, removal of unnecessary frequency components, and power amplification. The signal generated by the transmission processing unit 211 is transmitted from an antenna 213.

[0092] The reception processing unit 212 processes the uplink signal received via the antenna 213. For example, the reception processing unit 212 performs downconversion, removal of unnecessary frequency components, control of amplification level, quadrature demodulation, conversion to a digital signal, removal of guard intervals (cyclic prefixes), extraction of frequency domain signals by fast Fourier transform, and the like on the uplink signal. The reception processing unit 212 then separates uplink channels such as a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and an uplink reference signal from the signal that has undergone these processes. Furthermore, the reception processing unit 212 demodulates the received signal using a modulation method such as BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) or QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) for the modulation symbols of the uplink channel. The modulation method used for demodulation may be 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64QAM, or 256QAM. In this case, the signal points on the constellation do not necessarily have to be equidistant. The constellation may be a non-uniform constellation (NUC). The reception processing unit 212 then performs decoding processing on the coded bits of the demodulated uplink channel. The decoded uplink data and uplink control information are output to the control unit 23.

[0093] The antenna 213 is an antenna device that converts electric current and radio waves into each other. The antenna 213 may be configured with a single antenna element, for example, a single patch antenna. The antenna 213 may be configured with multiple antenna elements, for example, multiple patch antennas. When the antenna 213 is configured with multiple antenna elements, the wireless communication unit 21 may have a beamforming function. The wireless communication unit 21 may be configured to generate a directional beam by controlling the directivity of a wireless signal using the multiple antenna elements. The antenna 213 may be a dual-polarized antenna. When the antenna 213 is a dual-polarized antenna, the wireless communication unit 21 may use vertical polarization (V polarization) and horizontal polarization (H polarization) (or dual polarization with polarization directions at 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction) when transmitting a wireless signal. The wireless communication unit 21 may control the directivity of a wireless signal transmitted using vertical polarization and horizontal polarization (or dual polarization with polarization directions at 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction). Furthermore, the wireless communication unit 21 may transmit and receive spatially multiplexed signals via multiple layers each consisting of multiple antenna elements.

[0094] The storage unit 22 is a data readable / writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, a hard disk, etc. The storage unit 22 functions as a storage means of the ground station 20.

[0095] The control unit 23 is a controller that controls each unit of the ground station 20. The control unit 23 controls the wireless communication unit to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., non-ground stations 30, relay stations 40, terminal devices 50, or other ground stations 20). The control unit 23 may be implemented by a processor such as a CPU or MPU. Specifically, the control unit 23 may be implemented by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the ground station 20 using RAM or the like as a working area. The control unit 23 may be implemented by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or FPGA. The control unit 23 may also be implemented by a GPU. A CPU, MPU, ASIC, FPGA, and GPU can all be considered controllers. The control unit 23 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects. For example, the control unit 23 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.

[0096] The control unit 23 includes at least one block of a generation unit 231, a reception unit 232, a transmission unit 233, and a communication control unit 234. The control unit 23 may include a plurality of each of these blocks, or may include only one of each.

[0097] Each block (generator 231 to communication controller 234) constituting the control unit 23 is a functional block that represents a function of the control unit 23. These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks. For example, each of the above-described functional blocks may be a software module implemented by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die). Of course, each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit. The control unit 23 may be configured with functional units different from the above-described functional blocks. The functional blocks may be configured in any manner. Note that the operation of the control unit 23 may be the same as the operation of the control unit (control unit 13, control unit 33, control unit 43, or control unit 53) of the management device 10, the non-terrestrial station 30, the relay station 40, or the terminal device 50.

[0098] The network communication unit 24 is a communication interface for communicating with other devices. The network communication unit 24 is, for example, a network interface. For example, the network communication unit 24 is a LAN interface such as a NIC. The network communication unit 24 may be a wired interface or a wireless interface. The network communication unit 24 functions as a communication means of the ground station 20. The network communication unit 24 communicates with the management device 10, relay station 40, etc. under the control of the control unit 23.

[0099] 2-3. Example of the Configuration of a Non-Terrestrial Station Next, an example of the configuration of the non-terrestrial station 30 will be described.

[0100] In this embodiment, the non-terrestrial station 30 is a base station that provides base station functionality to the terminal device 50. Alternatively, the non-terrestrial station 30 is a relay station that relays communication between the terrestrial station 20 (or another non-terrestrial station 30) and the terminal device 50. The non-terrestrial station 30 may be a satellite station or an aircraft station.

[0101] A satellite station is a wireless communication device capable of floating outside the atmosphere. A satellite station may be a device mounted on a space vehicle such as an artificial satellite, or may be the space vehicle itself. A space vehicle is a vehicle that moves outside the atmosphere. Examples of space vehicles include artificial celestial bodies such as artificial satellites, spacecraft, space stations, and probes. A satellite that serves as a satellite station may be any of an ultra-low earth orbit satellite, a low earth orbit satellite, a medium earth orbit satellite, and a geostationary satellite. A satellite that serves as a satellite station may also be a highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite that orbits in a highly elliptical orbit. A satellite station may also be a communication device mounted on such a satellite.

[0102] An aircraft station is a wireless communication device capable of floating in the atmosphere, such as an aircraft. The aircraft station may be a device mounted on the aircraft, or may be the aircraft itself. The concept of aircraft includes not only heavier-than-air vehicles such as airplanes and gliders, but also lighter-than-air vehicles such as balloons and airships. The concept of aircraft also includes not only heavier-than-air vehicles and lighter-than-air vehicles, but also rotorcraft such as helicopters and autogyros. The aircraft station (or an aircraft on which the aircraft station is mounted) may be an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone.

[0103] The concept of unmanned aerial vehicles also includes unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and tethered unmanned aerial systems (TAS). The concept of unmanned aerial vehicles also includes lighter than air UAS (LTA) and heavier than air UAS (HTA). The concept of unmanned aerial vehicles also includes high altitude unmanned aerial system platforms (HAPs).

[0104] 8 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a non-terrestrial station 30 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The non-terrestrial station 30 includes a wireless communication unit 31, a storage unit 32, and a control unit 33. Note that the configuration illustrated in FIG. 8 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different from this. Furthermore, the functions of the non-terrestrial station 30 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated units.

[0105] The wireless communication unit 31 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., at least one of the terrestrial station 20, the relay station 40, the terminal device 50, and other non-terrestrial stations 30). The wireless communication unit 31 may be referred to as a wireless transceiver or simply as a transceiver. In this case, the wireless communication unit 31 may be a transceiver of specifications defined in the 3GPP technical specifications (hereinafter referred to as a 3GPP transceiver). The 3GPP transceiver may be a 3G transceiver, a 4G (LTE) transceiver, a 5G (NR) transceiver, or a transceiver of a generation after 5G (e.g., 6G). The wireless communication unit 31 is controlled by the control unit 33. The wireless communication unit 21 supports one or more wireless access methods. The wireless communication unit 31 may support at least one of NR, LTE, B5G (Beyond 5G), and 6G. The wireless communication unit 31 may support W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc. in addition to NR, LTE, B5G, and 6G. The wireless communication unit 31 may support automatic repeat transmission techniques such as HARQ. Some or all of the processing performed by the wireless communication unit 31 may be performed by the control unit 33.

[0106] The wireless communication unit 31 includes a transmission processing unit 311, a reception processing unit 312, and an antenna 313. The wireless communication unit 31 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 311, a plurality of reception processing units 312, and a plurality of antennas 313. Note that, when the wireless communication unit 31 supports a plurality of wireless access methods, each unit of the wireless communication unit 31 may be configured individually for each wireless access method. For example, the transmission processing unit 311 and the reception processing unit 312 may be configured individually for LTE, NR, B5G, and 6G. The configurations of the transmission processing unit 311, the reception processing unit 312, and the antenna 313 are the same as the configurations of the transmission processing unit 211, the reception processing unit 212, and the antenna 213 described above. Note that, like the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 31 may be configured to be capable of beamforming. In this case, like the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 31 may be configured to be capable of polarization beamforming. Also, like the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 31 may be configured to be capable of transmitting and receiving spatially multiplexed signals.

[0107] The storage unit 32 is a data readable / writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, a hard disk, etc. The storage unit 32 functions as a storage means of the non-terrestrial station 30.

[0108] The control unit 33 is a controller that controls each unit of the non-terrestrial station 30. The control unit 33 controls the wireless communication unit to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the terrestrial station 20, the relay station 40, the terminal device 50, or another non-terrestrial station 30). The control unit 33 may be implemented by a processor such as a CPU or an MPU. Specifically, the control unit 33 may be implemented by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the non-terrestrial station 30 using RAM or the like as a working area. The control unit 33 may be implemented by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA. The control unit 33 may also be implemented by a GPU. A CPU, an MPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, and a GPU can all be considered controllers. The control unit 33 may be composed of multiple physically separated entities. For example, the control unit 33 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.

[0109] The control unit 33 includes at least one block of a generation unit 331, a reception unit 332, a transmission unit 333, and a communication control unit 334. The control unit 33 may include a plurality of each of these blocks, or may include only one of each.

[0110] Each block (generator 331 to communication controller 334) constituting the control unit 33 is a functional block that represents a function of the control unit 33. These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks. For example, each of the above-described functional blocks may be a software module implemented by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die). Of course, each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit. The control unit 33 may be configured with functional units different from the above-described functional blocks. The functional blocks may be configured in any manner. The operation of the control unit 33 may be the same as the operation of the control unit (controller 13, controller 23, controller 43, or controller 53) of the management device 10, the ground station 20, the relay station 40, or the terminal device 50.

[0111] 2-4. Configuration example of base station At least one of the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 can operate as a base station. When the ground station 20 is used as a base station, the non-ground station 30 can function as a relay station that relays communication between the base station and the terminal device 50. The ground station 20 can also function as a relay station that relays communication between the base station and the terminal device 50. When the ground station 20 and / or the non-ground station 30 are used as relay stations, the configuration of the ground station 20 and / or the non-ground station 30 may be similar to the configuration of the relay station 40 described below. Of course, the ground station 20 and / or the non-ground station 30 may also communicate wirelessly directly with the terminal device 50. Below, a description will be given of the base station.

[0112] The base station is a device equivalent to a wireless base station (for example, a base station, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, or a 6GNB) or a wireless access point. In the following description, the base station may be referred to as a BS (Base Station), a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, or a 6GNB.

[0113] The base station may be a wireless relay station (e.g., a relay station 40 described later). The base station may be an optical device called a remote radio head (RRH). The base station may be a receiving station such as a field pickup unit (FPU). The base station may be an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) donor node or an IAB relay node that provides wireless access lines and wireless backhaul lines using time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, or space division multiplexing.

[0114] The wireless access technology used by the base station may be cellular communication technology. The wireless access technology used by the base station may be wireless LAN technology. The wireless access technology used by the base station may be low-power wide-area (LPWA) communication technology. However, the wireless access technology used by the base station is not limited to these and may be other wireless access technologies. The wireless communication used by the base station may be wireless communication using millimeter waves or wireless communication using terahertz waves. The wireless communication used by the base station may be wireless communication using radio waves or wireless communication using infrared or visible light (optical wireless). Furthermore, the base station may be capable of NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) communication with the terminal device 50. Here, NOMA communication refers to communication (transmission, reception, or both) using non-orthogonal resources. Note that the base station may also be capable of NOMA communication with other base stations.

[0115] Note that the base station may be able to communicate with the core network via a base station-core network interface (e.g., NG Interface, S1 Interface, etc.). This interface may be either wired or wireless. The base station may be able to communicate with other base stations via an inter-base station interface (e.g., Xn Interface, X2 Interface, F1 Interface, etc.). This interface may be either wired or wireless.

[0116] The concept of a base station (also referred to as a "base station device") includes not only a donor base station but also a relay base station (also referred to as a "relay station"). A relay base station may be any one of an RF Repeater, a Smart Repeater, and an Intelligent Surface. The concept of a base station may also include a road-side unit (RSU). The concept of a base station may also include not only a structure having the functions of a base station but also a device installed in the structure.

[0117] Examples of structures include high-rise buildings, houses, steel towers, station facilities, airport facilities, port facilities, office buildings, school buildings, hospitals, factories, commercial facilities, stadiums, and other buildings. The concept of a structure includes not only buildings, but also non-building structures such as tunnels, bridges, dams, fences, and steel pillars, as well as equipment such as cranes, gates, and wind turbines. The concept of a structure includes not only land (ground in the narrow sense) or underground structures, but also water-based structures such as piers or megafloats, and underwater structures such as ocean observation facilities. A base station can also be referred to as an information processing device.

[0118] The base station may be a donor station or a relay station (relay station). The base station may be a fixed station or a mobile station. The mobile station is a wireless communication device (e.g., a base station) configured to be mobile. In this case, the base station may be a device installed in a mobile body, or may be the mobile body itself. For example, a relay station with mobility can be considered a base station as a mobile station. Furthermore, devices that are inherently mobile and have base station functionality (at least part of the base station functionality), such as vehicles, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) represented by drones, and smartphones, also fall under the category of base station as a mobile station.

[0119] Here, the moving body may be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or a mobile phone. The moving body may also be a moving body that moves on land (ground in the narrow sense) (e.g., a vehicle such as an automobile, bicycle, bus, truck, motorcycle, train, or linear motor car), or a moving body that moves underground (e.g., in a tunnel) (e.g., a subway). The moving body may also be a moving body that moves on water (e.g., a ship such as a passenger ship, cargo ship, or hovercraft), or a moving body that moves underwater (e.g., a submersible vessel such as a submersible boat, submarine, or unmanned submersible). The moving body may also be a moving body that moves within the atmosphere (e.g., an aircraft such as an airplane, airship, or drone).

[0120] The base station may be a terrestrial base station (ground station) installed on the ground. The base station may be a base station located on a structure on the ground, or a base station installed on a mobile object moving on the ground. The base station may be an antenna installed on a structure such as a building and a signal processing device connected to that antenna. The base station may be the structure or the mobile object itself. "Terrestrial" refers not only to land (terrestrial in the narrow sense) but also to ground, on water, and underwater. The base station is not limited to a terrestrial base station. If the communication system 1 is a satellite communication system, the base station may be an aircraft station. From the perspective of the satellite station, an aircraft station located on Earth is a ground station.

[0121] The base station is not limited to a terrestrial station. The base station may be a non-terrestrial base station (non-terrestrial station) that can float in the air or space. The base station may be an aircraft station or a satellite station.

[0122] The coverage size of a base station may be relatively large, such as a macrocell, or relatively small, such as a picocell. The coverage size of a base station may be extremely small, such as a femtocell. The base station may have a beamforming function. The base station may form a cell or service area for each beam. In addition to beamforming, which gives directionality to a beam, the base station may have a function to pinpoint a desired wave to a specific point by further considering distance information from the base station antenna. This function may be called beam focusing or point forming. The base station may also be configured to acquire sensing data by performing sensing using beams.

[0123] In this embodiment, a base station may be configured by a collection of multiple physical or logical devices. As an example, the base station in this embodiment may be divided into multiple devices such as a baseband unit (BBU) and a radio unit (RU). The base station may be interpreted as a collection of these multiple devices. Furthermore, the base station may be either a BBU or an RU, or may be both. The BBU and the RU may be connected by a predetermined interface such as an enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI).

[0124] The RU may alternatively be referred to as an RRU (Remote Radio Unit) or an RD (Radio DoT). The RU may correspond to a gNB-DU (gNB Distributed Unit) described later. The BBU may correspond to a gNB-CU (gNB Central Unit) described later. The RU may be a device integrally formed with an antenna. An Advanced Antenna System may be adopted for the base station antenna, for example, an antenna integrally formed with the RU. In this case, the base station antenna may support MIMO, such as FD-MIMO, or beamforming. The base station antenna may have, for example, 64 transmitting antenna ports and 64 receiving antenna ports.

[0125] The antenna mounted on the RU may be an antenna panel consisting of one or more antenna elements, and the RU may be equipped with one or more antenna panels. The RU may be equipped with two types of antenna panels, a horizontally polarized antenna panel and a vertically polarized antenna panel. The RU may be equipped with two types of antenna panels, a right-handed circularly polarized antenna panel and a left-handed circularly polarized antenna panel, or an antenna panel with a polarization direction at 45 degrees from the vertical direction and an antenna panel with a polarization direction at -45 degrees from the vertical direction. Multiple antennas with these multiple polarization directions may be mounted on a single antenna panel. The RU may form and control an independent beam for each antenna panel.

[0126] A plurality of base stations may be connected to each other. One or more base stations may be included in a radio access network (RAN). In this case, the base station may be simply referred to as a RAN, a RAN node, an access network (AN), an AN node, or the like. The RAN in LTE may be called an enhanced universal terrestrial RAN (EUTRAN). The RAN in NR may be called an NGRAN. Furthermore, the RAN in 6G may be called a 6GRAN. The RAN in W-CDMA (UMTS) may be called a UTRAN.

[0127] An LTE base station may be referred to as an eNodeB (Evolved Node B) or eNB. In this case, the EUTRAN includes one or more eNodeBs (eNBs). An NR base station may be referred to as a gNodeB or gNB. In this case, the NGRAN includes one or more gNBs. A 6G base station may be referred to as a 6GNodeB, 6gNodeB, 6GNB, or 6gNB. In this case, the 6GRAN includes one or more 6GNBs. The EUTRAN may include a gNB (en-gNB) connected to a core network (EPC) in an LTE communication system (EPS). The NGRAN may include an ng-eNB connected to a core network (5GC) in a 5G communication system (5GS).

[0128] When the base station is an eNB, gNB, 6GNB, or the like, the base station may be referred to as a 3GPP access. When the base station is a wireless access point, the base station may be referred to as a non-3GPP access. The base station may be an optical extension device called an RRH (Remote Radio Head). When the base station is a gNB, the base station may be a combination of the gNB-CU and gNB-DU described above, or may be either a gNB-CU or a gNB-DU.

[0129] Here, the gNB-CU hosts multiple upper layers (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control), SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)) of the access stratum for communication with the UE. On the other hand, the gNB-DU hosts multiple lower layers (e.g., RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), PHY (Physical layer)) of the access stratum. That is, among the messages / information described below, RRC signaling (semi-static notification) is generated by the gNB-CU, while MAC The CE and DCI (dynamic notification) may be generated by the gNB-DU. Alternatively, some configurations of the RRC configuration (semi-static notification), such as IE:cellGroupConfig, may be generated by the gNB-DU, and the remaining configurations may be generated by the gNB-CU. These configurations may be transmitted or received over the F1 interface.

[0130] A base station may be configured to be able to communicate with other base stations. When multiple base stations are eNBs or a combination of eNBs and en-gNBs, these base stations may be connected via an X2 interface. When multiple base stations are gNBs or a combination of gn-eNBs and gNBs, these base stations may be connected via an Xn interface. When multiple base stations are a combination of gNB-CUs and gNB-DUs, these base stations may be connected via the F1 interface described above. Messages / information (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC Control Element (CE), or Downlink Control Information (DCI)) described below may be transmitted between multiple base stations via these inter-base station interfaces (e.g., X2 interface, Xn interface, or F1 interface).

[0131] A cell provided by a base station may be called a serving cell. The concept of a serving cell includes a PCell (Primary Cell) and an SCell (Secondary Cell). When dual connectivity is provided to a terminal device 50, a PCell and zero or more SCells provided by a Master Node (MN) may be called a Master Cell Group. The dual connectivity may be at least one of EUTRA-EUTRA Dual Connectivity, EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (ENDC), EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity with 5GC, NR-EUTRA Dual Connectivity (NEDC), NR-NR Dual Connectivity, NR-6G Dual Connectivity, and 6G-NR Dual Connectivity. Of course, dual connectivity is not limited to these.

[0132] The serving cell may include a PSCell (Primary Secondary Cell or Primary SCG Cell). When dual connectivity is provided to the terminal device 50, the PSCell provided by a Secondary Node (SN) and zero or one or more SCells may be referred to as a Secondary Cell Group (SCG). Unless special configuration (e.g., PUCCH on SCell) is performed, the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) is transmitted by the PCell and PSCell but not by the SCell. Radio link failure is detected by the PCell and PSCell but not (does not need to be detected by) the SCell. As such, the PCell and PSCell play special roles among serving cells and are therefore also referred to as Special Cells (SpCells).

[0133] One cell may be associated with one downlink component carrier and one uplink component carrier. The system bandwidth corresponding to one cell may be divided into multiple BWPs (Bandwidth Parts). In this case, one or multiple BWPs may be configured in the terminal device 50, and one BWP may be used by the terminal device 50 as an active BWP. Radio resources available to the terminal device 50, such as a frequency band, numerology (subcarrier spacing or slot length), or slot configuration, may differ for each cell, each component carrier, or each BWP.

[0134] 2-5. Example of the Configuration of the Relay Station Next, an example of the configuration of the relay station 40 will be described.

[0135] The relay station 40 is a wireless communication device that wirelessly communicates with other communication devices such as the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, and the terminal device 50. The relay station 40 relays communication between the non-ground station 30 and a ground communication device (e.g., the management device 10, the ground station 20, or the terminal device 50). The relay station 40 may be a ground station or a non-ground station. In this case, the relay station 40 may have the same configuration as the ground station 20 or the non-ground station 30. The relay station 40 can also be considered as a base station (relay base station).

[0136] The relay station 40 of this embodiment is, for example, a Layer 3 relay, which differs from a conventional Layer 1 relay that only power amplifies a received RF signal. Here, a Layer 3 relay is a relay that can decode up to Layer 3. The relay station 40 may also be a smart repeater. Unlike a conventional Layer 1 relay, a smart repeater is a relay that can also control the physical layer (PHY) and the like. In addition, the term "relay station" that appears in the following description can be replaced with other terms indicating a relay station, such as a relay or a relay device.

[0137] The relay station 40 may be a fixed device or a mobile device. In this case, the relay station 40 may be a floating device. The size of the coverage of the relay station 40 is not limited to a specific size. For example, the cell covered by the relay station 40 may be a macrocell, a microcell, or a small cell. Of course, the size of the coverage of the relay station 40 may be extremely small, such as a femtocell. The relay station 40 may also have beamforming capability. In this case, a cell or service area may be formed for each beam of the relay station 40.

[0138] Furthermore, relay station 40 is not limited to a device that is mounted thereon, as long as it fulfills the relaying function. For example, relay station 40 may be mounted on a terminal device such as a smartphone, a vehicle such as an automobile, a train, or a rickshaw, an air vehicle (floating object) such as a balloon, an airplane, or a drone, a facility such as a traffic light, a sign, or a street light, or a home appliance such as a television, a game console, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, or a lighting fixture. Furthermore, relay station 40 may be mounted on the exterior wall of a building (e.g., a building). By mounting the relay station on the exterior wall of the building, even if there is an obstruction between the base station and the terminal device, a signal from the base station can be forwarded by the relay station mounted on the exterior wall of the building and reach the terminal device.

[0139] Alternatively, the relay station 40 may be a device installed in a mobile body, similar to the base station described above, or may be the mobile body itself. As described above, the mobile body may be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or a mobile phone. Furthermore, the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves on land (terrestrial in the narrow sense) or a mobile body that moves underground. Of course, the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves on water or a mobile body that moves underwater. Additionally, the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves within the atmosphere or a mobile body that moves outside the atmosphere. Furthermore, the relay station 40 may be a terrestrial station device or a non-terrestrial station device. In this case, the relay station 40 may be an aircraft station or a satellite station.

[0140] The relay station 40 may also be an aircraft station or an earth station. An aircraft station is a radio station installed on the ground or on a mobile object moving on the ground to communicate with an aircraft station. An earth station is a radio station located on the earth (including in the air) to communicate with a satellite station (space station). An earth station may be a large earth station or a small earth station such as a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal).

[0141] The earth station may be a VSAT control earth station (also referred to as a master station or a hub station) or a VSAT earth station (also referred to as a slave station). The earth station may also be a radio station installed on a moving object moving on the ground. For example, an earth station installed on a ship may be an earth station on board a vessel (ESV: Earth Stations on Board Vessels). The earth station may also include an aircraft earth station installed on an aircraft (including a helicopter) that communicates with a satellite station. The earth station may also include an aeronautical earth station installed on a moving object moving on the ground that communicates with an aircraft earth station via a satellite station.

[0142] The relay station 40 may be a portable, mobile radio station that communicates with a satellite station or an aircraft station.

[0143] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a relay station 40 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The relay station 40 includes a wireless communication unit 41, a storage unit 42, a control unit 43, and a network communication unit 44. Note that the configuration illustrated in FIG. 9 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different from this. Furthermore, the functions of the relay station 40 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated units.

[0144] The wireless communication unit 41 is a signal processing unit for wirelessly communicating with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the terminal device 50, or another relay station 40). The wireless communication unit 41 operates under the control of the control unit 43. The wireless communication unit 41 includes a reception processing unit 411, a transmission processing unit 412, and an antenna 413. The configurations of the wireless communication unit 41, the reception processing unit 411, the transmission processing unit 412, and the antenna 413 may be similar to those of the wireless communication unit 21, the reception processing unit 212, the transmission processing unit 211, and the antenna 213 of the ground station 20. Similarly to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 41 may be configured to be capable of beamforming. In this case, similar to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 41 may be configured to be capable of polarization beamforming. Similarly to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 41 may be configured to be capable of transmitting and receiving spatially multiplexed signals.

[0145] The storage unit 42 is a data readable / writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, a hard disk, etc. The storage unit 42 functions as a storage means of the relay station 40.

[0146] The control unit 43 is a controller that controls each unit of the relay station 40. The control unit 43 controls the wireless communication unit to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the terminal device 50, or another relay station 40). The control unit 43 may be implemented by a processor such as a CPU or an MPU. Specifically, the control unit 43 may be implemented by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the non-ground station 30 using RAM or the like as a work area. The control unit 43 may be implemented by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA. The control unit 43 may also be implemented by a GPU. A CPU, an MPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, and a GPU can all be considered controllers. The control unit 43 may be composed of multiple physically separated entities. For example, the control unit 43 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.

[0147] The control unit 43 includes at least one block of a generation unit 431, a reception unit 432, a transmission unit 433, and a communication control unit 434. The control unit 43 may include a plurality of each of these blocks, or may include only one of each.

[0148] Each block constituting the control unit 43 (the generation unit 431 to the communication control unit 434) is a functional block that represents a function of the control unit 43. These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks. For example, each of the above-described functional blocks may be a software module implemented by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die). Of course, each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit. The control unit 43 may be configured with functional units different from the above-described functional blocks. The functional blocks may be configured in any manner. The operation of the control unit 43 may be the same as the operation of the control unit (control unit 13, control unit 23, control unit 33, or control unit 53) of the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, or the terminal device 50.

[0149] The network communication unit 44 is a communication interface for communicating with other devices. The network communication unit 44 is, for example, a network interface. For example, the network communication unit 44 is a LAN interface such as a NIC. The network communication unit 44 may be a wired interface or a wireless interface. The network communication unit 44 functions as a communication means of the relay station 40. The network communication unit 44 communicates with the management device 10, the ground station 20, etc. under the control of the control unit 43.

[0150] 2-6. Example of the Configuration of the Terminal Device Next, an example of the configuration of the terminal device 50 will be described.

[0151] The terminal device 50 is a wireless communication device that wirelessly communicates with other communication devices, such as the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30. The terminal device 50 may be any type of computer. It may be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone, a smart device (smartphone or tablet), a personal digital assistant (PDA), or a notebook PC. The terminal device 50 may also be a game console equipped with a communication function. The terminal device 50 may also be an imaging device (e.g., a camcorder) equipped with a communication function. The terminal device 50 may also be a motorcycle or a mobile broadcast vehicle equipped with a communication device, such as a field pickup unit (FPU). The terminal device 50 may also be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device or an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The terminal device 50 may also be a wearable device, such as a smartwatch.

[0152] The terminal device 50 may be an xR device such as an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, or an MR (Mixed Reality) device. In this case, the xR device may be a glasses-type device such as AR glasses or MR glasses, or a head-mounted device such as a VR head-mounted display. When the terminal device 50 is an xR device, the terminal device 50 may be a standalone device consisting only of a part worn by a user (e.g., a glasses part). Furthermore, the terminal device 50 may be a terminal-linked device consisting of a part worn by a user (e.g., a glasses part) and a terminal part (e.g., a smart device) linked to the part worn by a user.

[0153] The terminal device 50 may also be configured to be connectable to multiple communication paths. For example, the terminal device 50 may be configured to be connectable to two communication paths, Wi-Fi (registered trademark) and a cellular network. The terminal device 50 may also be connectable to multiple cellular networks. In this case, the multiple cellular networks may include a first cellular network configured as a terrestrial network and a second cellular network configured as a non-terrestrial network. In this case, the multiple cellular networks may each be linked to a different SIM (Subscriber Identity Module).

[0154] The terminal device 50 may also be configured to be able to switch between multiple SIM cards. For example, the terminal device 50 may support dual SIM or triple SIM. Of course, the terminal device 50 may be configured to allow insertion of more than three SIM cards. The terminal device 50 may also support RSP (Remote SIM Provisioning). For example, the terminal device 50 may support eSIM (Embedded SIM). An RSP-compatible terminal device allows information related to wireless communication (hereinafter referred to as a profile) to be rewritten without replacing the SIM card.

[0155] The terminal device 50 may also be capable of NOMA communication with the ground station 20. The terminal device 50 may also be able to use an automatic repeat technique such as HARQ when communicating with the ground station 20. The terminal device 50 may also be capable of sidelink communication with other terminal devices 50. The terminal device 50 may also be able to use an automatic repeat technique such as HARQ when performing sidelink communication. The terminal device 50 may also be capable of NOMA communication in communication with other terminal devices 50 (sidelink). The terminal device 50 may also be capable of LPWA communication with other communication devices (e.g., the ground station 20 and other terminal devices 50). The wireless communication used by the terminal device 50 may also be wireless communication using millimeter waves. The wireless communication (including sidelink communication) used by the terminal device 50 may be wireless communication using radio waves, or may be wireless communication using infrared or visible light (optical wireless).

[0156] The terminal device 50 may also be a mobile device (mobile station). The mobile device is a mobile wireless communication device. In this case, the terminal device 50 may be a wireless communication device installed in the mobile device, or the mobile device itself. For example, the terminal device 50 may be a vehicle that moves on a road, such as an automobile, bus, truck, or motorcycle, a vehicle that moves on rails installed on a track, such as a train, or a wireless communication device mounted on the vehicle. The mobile device may also be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone. The mobile device may also be a mobile device that moves on land (ground in the narrow sense), underground, on water, or underwater. The mobile device may also be a mobile device that moves within the atmosphere, such as an aircraft, airship, balloon, or helicopter, or a mobile device that moves outside the atmosphere, such as an artificial satellite. The mobile device may also be a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) such as a drone. In addition, the terminal device 50 may be a wireless communication device mounted on a mobile body such as an aircraft, airship, balloon, helicopter, or other mobile body that moves within the atmosphere, an artificial satellite, or a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) such as a drone.

[0157] The terminal device 50 may simultaneously connect to and communicate with multiple base stations or multiple cells. For example, when one base station supports a communication area through multiple cells (e.g., pCell, sCell), the base station and the terminal device 50 may communicate by bundling the multiple cells using carrier aggregation (CA) technology, dual connectivity (DC) technology, and / or multi-connectivity (MC) technology. Alternatively, the terminal device 50 may communicate with multiple base stations via cells of different base stations using coordinated multi-point transmission and reception (CoMP) technology.

[0158] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a terminal device 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The terminal device 50 includes a wireless communication unit 51, a storage unit 52, and a control unit 53. Note that the configuration illustrated in Fig. 10 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different from this. Furthermore, the functions of the terminal device 50 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated configurations.

[0159] The wireless communication unit 51 is a signal processing unit for wirelessly communicating with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the relay station 40, and other terminal devices 50). The wireless communication unit 51 operates under the control of the control unit 53. The wireless communication unit 51 includes a transmission processing unit 511, a reception processing unit 512, and an antenna 513. The configurations of the wireless communication unit 51, the transmission processing unit 511, the reception processing unit 512, and the antenna 513 may be similar to those of the wireless communication unit 21, the transmission processing unit 211, the reception processing unit 212, and the antenna 213 of the ground station 20. Similarly to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 51 may be configured to be capable of beamforming. In this case, similar to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 51 may be configured to be capable of polarization beamforming. Similarly to the wireless communication unit 21, the wireless communication unit 51 may be configured to be capable of transmitting and receiving spatially multiplexed signals.

[0160] The storage unit 52 is a data readable / writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, a hard disk, etc. The storage unit 52 functions as a storage means of the terminal device 50.

[0161] The control unit 53 is a controller that controls each unit of the terminal device 50. The control unit 53 controls the wireless communication unit to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the relay station 40, or another terminal device 50). The control unit 53 may be implemented by a processor such as a CPU or an MPU. Specifically, the control unit 53 may be implemented by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the non-ground station 30 using RAM or the like as a working area. The control unit 53 may be implemented by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA. The control unit 53 may also be implemented by a GPU. A CPU, an MPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, and a GPU can all be considered controllers. The control unit 53 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects. For example, the control unit 53 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.

[0162] The control unit 53 includes at least one block of a setting unit 531, a receiving unit 532, a transmitting unit 533, and a communication control unit 534. The control unit 53 may include a plurality of each of these blocks, or may include only one of each.

[0163] Each block constituting the control unit 53 (setting unit 531 to communication control unit 534) is a functional block that indicates the function of the control unit 53. These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks. For example, each of the above-described functional blocks may be a software module implemented by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die). Of course, each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit. The control unit 53 may be configured with functional units different from the above-described functional blocks. The functional blocks may be configured in any manner. Note that the operation of the control unit 53 may be the same as the operation of the control unit (control unit 13, control unit 23, control unit 33, or control unit 43) of the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, or the relay station 40.

[0164] <<3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology>> The configuration of the communication system 1 has been described above, but before describing the operation of the communication system 1 of the present embodiment in detail, conventional interference reduction technology will be described. Here, as an example of the conventional interference reduction technology, a guard band defined in the 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) will be described.

[0165] In wireless communications, a portion of the frequency band is designated as a guard band to reduce the effects of interference between frequency channels. In cellular communications, the minimum guard band width is determined by, for example, the channel bandwidth, the maximum transmission bandwidth setting, and the subcarrier spacing.

[0166] <3-1. Minimum Guard Band Width in UE Channel Bandwidth> 3GPP TS38.101 specifies the minimum guard band width in the UE channel bandwidth. Figures 11 and 12 are quoted from Chapter 5.3.3 of TS38.101. The following descriptions of Figures 11 and 12 are based on the descriptions in Chapter 5.3.3 of 3GPP TS38.101.

[0167] Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the minimum guard band for each UE channel bandwidth and SCS, where SCS stands for Subcarrier Spacing.

[0168] Here, the minimum guard band is calculated using the following equation (1):

[0169] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-N RB ×SCS×12) / 2-SCS / 2…(1)

[0170] In formula (1), N RB is the maximum transmission bandwidth configuration. channel is expressed in kHz.

[0171] 12 is a diagram illustrating the minimum guard band width in a UE channel bandwidth. The number of RBs configured in any channel bandwidth ensures that the minimum guard band specified above is met.

[0172] <3-2. Minimum guard band width in BS channel bandwidth> 3GPP TS38.104 specifies the minimum guard band width in UE channel bandwidth. Figures 13 to 16 are quoted from Chapter 5.3.3 of 3GPP TS38.104. The following descriptions of Figures 13 to 16 are based on the descriptions in Chapter 5.3.3 of 3GPP TS38.104.

[0173] 13 to 14B are diagrams for explaining the minimum guard band for each BS channel bandwidth and SCS. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the minimum guard band for FR1, and Figs. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing the minimum guard band for FR2. As in Fig. 11, SCS stands for Subcarrier Spacing.

[0174] 15 is a diagram showing the minimum guard band of the SCS 240 kHz SS / PBCH block for each BS channel bandwidth. As in FIG. 11, SCS stands for Subcarrier Spacing.

[0175] The minimum guard band shown in Figure 15 applies only when the SCS 240 kHz SS / PBCH block is located adjacent to the edge of the BS channel bandwidth where the SS / PBCH block is located.

[0176] 16 is a diagram illustrating the minimum guard band width in a BS channel bandwidth. The number of RBs configured in any channel bandwidth ensures that the minimum guard band specified above is met.

[0177] <<4. Wireless Communication Assumed in This Embodiment>> Next, wireless communication assumable in this embodiment will be described.

[0178] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 perform wireless communication with the terminal device 50 using the same or adjacent frequency bands. Below, the case where wireless communication is performed using the same frequency band and the case where wireless communication is performed using different frequency bands will be described separately.

[0179] <4-1. Case where wireless communication is performed in the same frequency band> First, a case where the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 perform wireless communication in the same frequency band (intra-band) will be described.

[0180] Currently, non-terrestrial stations are assigned individual frequency bands. Specifically, n255 and n256 are assigned as frequency bands for non-terrestrial stations. That is, currently, terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations perform wireless communication using different frequency bands. However, it is expected that terrestrial stations and non-terrestrial stations will perform wireless communication using the same frequency band in the future. Therefore, in this embodiment, as an example, it is assumed that both the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 use the same frequency band.

[0181] Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example in which frequency blocks for terrestrial stations and frequency blocks for non-terrestrial stations coexist within the same frequency band. In the example of Fig. 17, both a frequency block allocated to a terrestrial station 20 and a frequency block allocated to a non-terrestrial station 30 exist within the same frequency band (Band xxx). In the example of Fig. 17, the frequency block allocated to the non-terrestrial station 30 is adjacent to the frequency block allocated to the terrestrial station 20.

[0182] <4-2. Cases where wireless communication is performed in different frequency bands> Next, a case where the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 perform wireless communication in different frequency bands (inter-band) will be described.

[0183] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 perform wireless communication not only in the same frequency band but also in different frequency bands (inter-band). In this case, the frequency block assigned to the terrestrial station 20 and the frequency block assigned to the non-terrestrial station 30 may be adjacent to each other.

[0184] 18 is a diagram showing an example in which frequency blocks for terrestrial stations and frequency blocks for non-terrestrial stations, which are allocated to different frequency bands, are adjacent to each other. In the example of Fig. 18, the frequency band (Band A) allocated for the non-terrestrial station 30 is adjacent to the frequency band (Band B) allocated for the terrestrial station 20. Therefore, the frequency block allocated to the terrestrial station 20 and the frequency block allocated to the non-terrestrial station 30 are adjacent to each other.

[0185] <4-3. Frequency Block> The above-mentioned frequency block may be an LTE channel, an NR channel, a B5G LTE channel, or a 6G channel. Of course, the frequency block may be a channel of a RAT other than the above (for example, a wireless LAN such as Wi-Fi).

[0186] Alternatively, the frequency block may be a CC (Component Carrier), a cell, a BWP (Band Width Part), a RE (Resource Element), a REG (Resource Element Group), or an RB (Resource Block). Of course, the frequency block is not limited to these.

[0187] <<5. Operation of the Communication System>> Based on the above, the operation of the communication system 1 will be described below.

[0188] A channel that appears in the following description is, for example, a frequency block having a width of 1 CC (Component Carrier). Note that the channel is not limited to this example, and may be, for example, a single channel formed by bundling multiple CCs (Component Carriers).

[0189] The description of a channel that appears in the following description can be replaced with a frequency block. As described above, a frequency block may be a CC (Component Carrier), a cell, a BWP (Band Width Part), an RE (Resource Element), a REG (Resource Element Group), or an RB (Resource Block). Of course, the frequency block is not limited to these.

[0190] In the following description, the base station may be a terrestrial station 20 or a non-terrestrial station 30. When the non-terrestrial station 30 is a base station, the base station may be a satellite station or an aircraft station. Note that the base station may be a terrestrial station 20 that communicates with a terrestrial terminal device 50 via a satellite station or an aircraft station. Furthermore, the term "base station" that appears in the following description can be replaced with a relay station 40 or a terminal device 50.

[0191] In the following description, terrestrial communication refers to wireless communication in which both the communication device serving as the transmitting device and the communication device serving as the receiving device are terrestrial stations 20. For example, wireless communication between a terrestrial communication device and the terrestrial station 20 is terrestrial communication.

[0192] In the following description, non-terrestrial communication refers to wireless communication in which at least one of the communication device serving as a transmitter and the communication device serving as a receiver is a non-terrestrial station 30. For example, wireless communication between a terrestrial communication device and a non-terrestrial station 30 is non-terrestrial communication.

[0193] In the following description, the terminal device 50 is assumed to be a terrestrial communication device. Note that the terrestrial communication device is not limited to the terminal device 50, and may be, for example, a terrestrial base station (including a terrestrial relay station 40). In this case, the description of the terminal device 50 that appears in the following description can be replaced with the terrestrial base station.

[0194] Furthermore, the ground station 20 is typically a base station (including a relay base station). However, the ground station 20 is not limited to a base station and may be, for example, a terminal device 50. In this case, the ground station 20 appearing in the following description can be replaced with the terminal device 50.

[0195] Furthermore, the non-terrestrial station 30 is typically a base station (including a relay base station). However, the non-terrestrial station 30 is not limited to a base station and may be, for example, a terminal device 50. In this case, the non-terrestrial station 30 appearing in the following description can be replaced with the terminal device 50.

[0196] 5-1. First Embodiment First, the operation of the communication system 1 according to the first embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, in order to reduce interference from terrestrial communication to non-terrestrial communication, the terminal device 50 sets a setting related to the minimum guard band width of non-terrestrial communication differently from the setting related to the minimum guard band width of terrestrial communication. In the first embodiment, the terminal device 50 sets the minimum guard band width based on information for non-terrestrial communication.

[0197] In this embodiment, the channel used for terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the first channel in this embodiment) and the channel used for non-terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the second channel in this embodiment) are adjacent channels, for example, as shown in Figures 17 and 18. As described above, the base station transmits setting information to the terminal device 50, which includes at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using the first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using the second channel. The terminal device 50 sets up wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0198] In this embodiment, the first setting and the second setting are different settings. The first setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the second channel. For example, the first setting is a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the first channel is the conventional minimum guard band width shown in <3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology>, and the second setting is a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the second channel is the minimum guard band width newly established for non-terrestrial communication.

[0199] Here, the second setting may include a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the second channel (the minimum guard band width of at least one of the two guard bands) is set to a second minimum guard band width that is wider than the first minimum guard band width of the first channel (e.g., a conventional minimum guard band width).

[0200] <Settings Related to Calculation Method of Minimum Guard Band Width> As an example, the second settings may include settings related to calculation method of the minimum guard band width. Upon receiving setting information including the second settings, the terminal device 50 may calculate the minimum guard band width of the second channel based on the second settings.

[0201] Here, the method for calculating the minimum guard band width may be based on a conventional method for calculating the minimum guard band width (for example, the above-described formula (1)) and may take into account an offset frequency for non-terrestrial communication. For example, the terminal device 50 may calculate the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial communication by adding an offset frequency for the non-terrestrial station to the channel bandwidth, the maximum transmission bandwidth setting, and the subcarrier spacing.

[0202] The following formulas (2) to (4) are each an example of a formula for calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial communication. The second setting may include information specifying the formula for calculating the minimum guard band width. Note that the notation and calculation method are merely examples. The formula for calculating the minimum guard band width is not limited to the following.

[0203] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-N RB ×SCS×12) / 2-SCS / 2+Offset NTN …(2)

[0204] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-N RB ×SCS×12+Offset NTN ) / 2-SCS / 2 …(3)

[0205] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-(N RB -Offset NTN )×SCS×12) / 2-SCS / 2…(4)

[0206] Here, G.B. Channel is the minimum guard band width, BW Channel is the channel bandwidth, N RB is the maximum transmission bandwidth configuration, SCS is the subcarrier spacing, Offset NTN represents an offset frequency for non-terrestrial communication. Information about the offset frequency may be included in the second setting, or may be determined in advance according to specifications.

[0207] <Settings related to maximum transmission bandwidth setting> The minimum guard band width is calculated using the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N ＲＢ is used. Therefore, the second setting may include a setting related to a maximum transmission bandwidth configuration. The terminal device 50 that has received setting information including the second setting may calculate the minimum guard band width of the second channel based on the second setting. In this case, any of equations (1) to (4) may be used as the formula for calculating the minimum guard band width. If the second setting includes a setting related to a method for calculating the minimum guard band width, the terminal device 50 may select a formula for calculating the minimum guard band width based on the setting.

[0208] The maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication and the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication may be defined separately. Then, the terminal device 50 determines the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N to be used for calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial communication based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication. ＲＢ may be determined.

[0209] Fig. 19A is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication. Fig. 19B is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication. More specifically, Fig. 19A is an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication when the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication are defined separately. Fig. 19B is an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication when the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication are defined separately.

[0210] 19A and 19B, the maximum transmission bandwidth for non-terrestrial communication is defined to be smaller than the maximum transmission bandwidth for terrestrial communication. As a result, the calculation result of the minimum guard band width for the channel for non-terrestrial communication (second channel) is larger than the calculation result of the minimum guard band width for the channel for terrestrial communication (first channel). Note that the notations and numerical values ​​shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B are merely examples and are not limited to these.

[0211] As another example, the terminal device 50 may determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N to be used for calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial communication based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication. ＲＢ Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication. More specifically, Fig. 20 shows an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication in the case where the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial communication is determined based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication.

[0212] The maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication may have a note for determining the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial communication. The terminal device 50 may then determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial communication using the method described in the note. For example, the terminal device 50 may determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial communication using the N ＲＢThe maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial communication may be set to a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the second setting, where the predetermined value may be included in the second setting or may be determined in advance by specifications.

[0213] As a result, the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for non-terrestrial communication (second channel) becomes larger than the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for terrestrial communication (first channel). Note that the notation and numerical values ​​shown in Figure 20 are merely examples and are not limited to these.

[0214] <Application of this embodiment> The terminal device 50 may notify a base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) of information on whether this embodiment is applicable as UE capability information. The base station may determine whether this embodiment is applicable based on the notified information on whether this embodiment is applicable.

[0215] The terminal device 50 may implement this embodiment based on static information or semi-static settings.

[0216] For example, as static information, information regarding calculation of the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial communication and / or information regarding a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communication may be defined in advance in specifications, etc.

[0217] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is not prohibiting connection to NTN (notBarred). On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is prohibiting connection to NTN (Barred), or when cellBarredNTN is not notified.

[0218] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information. On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information.

[0219] For example, when RRC signaling for NTN is notified, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. On the other hand, when RRC signaling for NTN is not notified, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment.

[0220] For example, when information related to this embodiment is notified to the terminal device 50 by NTN system information or RRC signaling, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. Here, a new field for this embodiment may be added, or information related to this embodiment may be added to an existing field.

[0221] The following is an example of a notification using system information. SIBxx ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0222] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding a new field): ServingCellConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0223] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding to an existing field): NTN-Config ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0224] The following is an example of Field descriptions. (Field descriptions) ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset: Notifies the offset value for non-terrestrial communications used in calculating the minimum guard band width. If this notification does not exist, the calculation will be performed assuming Offset is zero. Alternatively, the minimum guard band width calculation for non-terrestrial communications will be applied. ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable: Notifies information on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial communications. The number of adjacent channels and adjacent resource blocks is notified. If this notification does not exist, the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communications will be applied.

[0225] <5-2. Second Embodiment> Next, an operation of the communication system 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, the setting for reducing interference is also a setting related to the minimum guard band width. In the second embodiment, the terminal device 50 sets the minimum guard band width based on information of the communication link, such as the uplink or downlink.

[0226] As described above, when a channel for non-terrestrial communication is adjacent to a channel for terrestrial communication, interference problems occur. In particular, the interference of terrestrial communication with non-terrestrial uplink communication is significant. Therefore, in this embodiment, when communicating with the non-terrestrial station 30, the terminal device 50 changes the setting related to the minimum guard band width to the setting for uplink.

[0227] In this embodiment, the channel used for terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the first channel in this embodiment) and the channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication (hereinafter referred to as the second channel in this embodiment) are adjacent channels, for example, as shown in Figures 17 and 18. As described above, the base station transmits setting information to the terminal device 50, which includes at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using the first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using the second channel. The terminal device 50 sets up wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0228] In this embodiment, the first setting and the second setting are different settings. The first setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the second channel. For example, the first setting is a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the first channel is the conventional minimum guard band width shown in <3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology>, and the second setting is a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the second channel is the minimum guard band width newly established for non-terrestrial uplink communication.

[0229] Here, the second setting may include a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the second channel (the minimum guard band width of at least one of the two guard bands) is set to a second minimum guard band width that is wider than the first minimum guard band width of the first channel (e.g., a conventional minimum guard band width).

[0230] <Settings Related to Calculation Method of Minimum Guard Band Width> As an example, the second settings may include settings related to calculation method of the minimum guard band width. Upon receiving setting information including the second settings, the terminal device 50 may calculate the minimum guard band width of the second channel based on the second settings.

[0231] Here, the method for calculating the minimum guard band width may be based on a conventional method for calculating the minimum guard band width (e.g., the above-described formula (1)) and may take into account an offset frequency for non-terrestrial uplink communication. For example, the terminal device 50 may calculate the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial uplink communication by adding an offset frequency for the non-terrestrial station to the channel bandwidth, the maximum transmission bandwidth setting, and the subcarrier spacing.

[0232] The following formulas (5) to (7) are examples of formulas for calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial uplink communication. The second setting may include information specifying the formula for calculating the minimum guard band width. Note that the notation and calculation method are examples. The formula for calculating the minimum guard band width is not limited to the following.

[0233] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-N RB ×SCS×12) / 2-SCS / 2+OffsetNTN_uplink …(5)

[0234] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-N RB ×SCS×12+OffsetNTN_uplink) / 2-SCS / 2…(6)

[0235] GB channel =(BW Channel ×1000(kHz)-(N RB -OffsetNTN_uplink)×SCS×12) / 2-SCS / 2…(7)

[0236] Here, G.B. Channel is the minimum guard band width, BW Channel is the channel bandwidth, N RB is the maximum transmission bandwidth configuration, SCS is the subcarrier spacing, OffsetNTN represents an offset frequency for non-terrestrial uplink communication. Information about the offset frequency may be included in the second setting, or may be determined in advance according to specifications.

[0237] <Settings related to maximum transmission bandwidth setting> The minimum guard band width is calculated using the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N ＲＢ is used. Therefore, the second setting may include a setting related to a maximum transmission bandwidth configuration. The terminal device 50 that has received setting information including the second setting may calculate the minimum guard band width of the second channel based on the second setting. In this case, any of equations (1) and (5) to (7) may be used as the formula for calculating the minimum guard band width. If the second setting includes a setting related to a method for calculating the minimum guard band width, the terminal device 50 may select a formula for calculating the minimum guard band width based on the setting.

[0238] Note that a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication and a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication may be defined separately. Then, the terminal device 50 determines the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N to be used for calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial uplink communication based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication. ＲＢ may be determined.

[0239] Fig. 21A is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. Fig. 21B is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication. More specifically, Fig. 21A is an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication in a case where the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication and the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication are defined separately. Fig. 21B is an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication in a case where the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication and the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication are defined separately.

[0240] 21A and 21B, the maximum transmission bandwidth value for non-terrestrial uplink communication is defined to be smaller than the maximum transmission bandwidth values ​​for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. As a result, the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for non-terrestrial uplink communication (second channel) is larger than the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for terrestrial communication (first channel). Note that the notations and numerical values ​​shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B are merely examples and are not limited to these.

[0241] As another example, the terminal device 50 may determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting N to be used in calculating the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial uplink communication based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. ＲＢ 22 is a diagram showing an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication. More specifically, FIG. 22 is an example of a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication in the case where the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial uplink communication is determined based on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication.

[0242] The maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication may have a note for determining the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial uplink communication. The terminal device 50 may then determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial uplink communication using the method described in the note. For example, the terminal device 50 may determine the maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial uplink communication using the N ＲＢ The maximum transmission bandwidth setting for non-terrestrial uplink communications may be determined by subtracting a predetermined value from the second setting, where the predetermined value may be included in the second setting or may be predetermined by a specification.

[0243] As a result, the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for non-terrestrial uplink communication (second channel) becomes larger than the calculation result of the minimum guard band width of the channel for terrestrial communication (first channel). Note that the notation and numerical values ​​shown in Figure 22 are merely an example and are not limited to these.

[0244] <Application of this embodiment> The terminal device 50 may notify a base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) of information on whether this embodiment is applicable by using UE capability, etc. The base station may determine whether this embodiment is applicable based on the notified information on whether this embodiment is applicable.

[0245] The terminal device 50 may implement this embodiment based on static information or semi-static settings.

[0246] For example, as static information, information regarding calculation of the minimum guard band width for non-terrestrial uplink communication and / or information regarding a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communication may be defined in advance in specifications, etc.

[0247] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is not prohibiting connection to NTN (notBarred). On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is prohibiting connection to NTN (Barred), or when cellBarredNTN is not notified.

[0248] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information. On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information.

[0249] For example, when RRC signaling for NTN is notified, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. On the other hand, when RRC signaling for NTN is not notified, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment.

[0250] For example, when information related to this embodiment is notified to the terminal device 50 by NTN system information or RRC signaling, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. Here, a new field for this embodiment may be added, or information related to this embodiment may be added to an existing field.

[0251] The following is an example of a notification using system information. SIBxx ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0252] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding a new field): ServingCellConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0253] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding to an existing field): NTN-Config ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable ENUMERATED {Table1, Table2, Table3}, -- Need R ...}

[0254] The following is an example of Field descriptions. (Field descriptions) ntn-MinimumGuardBandOffset: Notifies the offset value for non-terrestrial uplink communications used to calculate the minimum guard band width. If this notification does not exist, the calculation will be performed assuming Offset is zero. Alternatively, the minimum guard band width calculation for non-terrestrial uplink communications will be applied. ntn-MaximumBandwidthTable: Notifies information on the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for non-terrestrial uplink communications. The number of adjacent channels and adjacent resource blocks is notified. If this notification does not exist, the maximum transmission bandwidth setting table for terrestrial communications will be applied.

[0255] <5-3. Example 3> Next, the operation of the communication system 1 according to Example 3 will be described. In Example 3, the setting for reducing interference is a setting related to the modulation method. The terminal device 50 sets the modulation method at the channel edge to a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method at the channel center.

[0256] In this embodiment, the channel used for terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the first channel in this embodiment) and the channel used for non-terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the second channel in this embodiment) are adjacent channels, as shown in Figures 17 and 18. Note that the second channel may be a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. In this case, the term "non-terrestrial communication" used in the following description can be replaced with "non-terrestrial uplink communication."

[0257] As described above, the base station transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel to the terminal device 50. The terminal device 50 performs setting for wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0258] In this embodiment, the first setting and the second setting are different settings. The first setting is a setting related to the modulation method of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the modulation method of the second channel. Here, the first setting is, for example, a setting in which the modulation method of signals transmitted using the first channel is a conventional modulation method. Furthermore, the second setting is, for example, a setting in which the modulation method of at least a portion of signals transmitted using the second channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the first channel. For example, the second setting is a setting in which the modulation method of the ends of the second channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the center portion of the second channel. Here, the modulation method of the center portion of the second channel may be the same modulation method as the modulation method of the first channel (e.g., a modulation method used in conventional terrestrial communication) or may be a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the first channel.

[0259] Here, the end of the second channel may be, for example, one or more resource blocks that are adjacent to an adjacent channel (for example, the first channel), and the center of the second channel may be, for example, one or more resource blocks that are not adjacent to an adjacent channel (for example, the first channel).

[0260] As described above, the second setting is a setting in which the modulation method for at least a portion of the signal transmitted using the second channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method for the first channel. Figure 23 is a diagram for explaining the setting regarding the modulation method for the second channel. For example, if the modulation method for the center portion of the second channel is QPSK, the modulation method for the ends of the second channel may be BPSK. Also, for example, if the modulation method for the center portion of the second channel is 64QAM, the modulation method for the ends of the second channel may be BPSK, QPSK, or 16QAM. Also, for example, if the modulation method for the center portion of the second channel is 256QAM, the modulation method for the ends of the second channel may be BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, or 64QAM. Also, for example, if the modulation format of the center portion of the second channel is 1024QAM, the modulation format of the end portion of the second channel may be BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, or 256QAM.

[0261] <Application of this Embodiment> The terminal device 50 may implement this embodiment based on semi-static information, or may implement this embodiment based on dynamic settings.

[0262] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is not prohibiting connection to NTN (notBarred). On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is prohibiting connection to NTN (Barred), or when cellBarredNTN is not notified.

[0263] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information. On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information.

[0264] For example, when RRC signaling for NTN is notified, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. On the other hand, when RRC signaling for NTN is not notified, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment.

[0265] For example, when information related to this embodiment is notified to the terminal device 50 by NTN system information or RRC signaling, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. Here, a new field for this embodiment may be added, or information related to this embodiment may be added to an existing field.

[0266] The following is an example of a notification using system information. SIBxx ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-Modulation-neighborRB ENUMERATED {bpsk-halfpi, bpsk, qpsk, qam16, qam64, qam256, qam1024}, -- Need R ntn-Modulation-numberOfNeighborRB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ...}

[0267] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding a new field): ServingCellConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-Modulation-neighborRB ENUMERATED {bpsk-halfpi, bpsk, qpsk, qam16, qam64, qam256, qam1024}, -- Need R ntn-Modulation-numberOfNeighborRB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ...}

[0268] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding to an existing field): NTN-Config ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Modulation-neighborRB ENUMERATED {bpsk-halfpi, bpsk, qpsk, qam16, qam64, qam256, qam1024}, -- Need R ntn-Modulation-numberOfNeighborRB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R …}

[0269] The following is an example of Field descriptions. (Field descriptions) ntn-Modulation-neighborRB: Notifies the modulation order to be applied to adjacent channels and one or more nearby resource blocks. If this notification does not exist, the modulation order notified in DCI is applied. ntn-Modulation-numberOfNeighborRB: Notifies the number of adjacent channels and nearby resource blocks. The modulation order notified in the above "ntn-Modulation-neighborRB" is applied to the number of resource blocks notified in this notification. If this notification does not exist, the modulation order notified in DCI is applied.

[0270] For example, when information related to this embodiment is notified by DCI, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. This notification is notified to the terminal device 50 from, for example, a base station (for example, a non-terrestrial station 30).

[0271] The following is an example of the definition of information related to this embodiment (Modulation and coding scheme for NTN neighborRB). Modulation and coding scheme for NTN neighborRB - 3bit {bpsk-halfpi, bpsk, qpsk, qam16, qam64, qam256, qam1024} 000: This embodiment is not applied, and the MCS information notified in "Modulation and coding scheme" is applied. 001: bpsk-halfpi 010: bpsk 011: qpsk 100: qam16 101: qam64 110: qam256 111: qam1024

[0272] The information related to this embodiment (Modulation and coding scheme for NTN neighborRB) may be information based on an MCS index table. Fig. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the MCS index table.

[0273] The following is an example of a definition of information (Modulation and coding scheme for NTN neighborRB) related to this embodiment: Modulation and coding scheme for NTN neighborRB - 5 bits as defined in the below table. Here, the below table may be the MCS index table shown in FIG. 24.

[0274] <5-4. Example 4> Next, an operation of the communication system 1 according to Example 4 will be described. In Example 4, the setting for reducing interference is a setting related to the use of a channel (resource). The terminal device 50 sets the channel end as an unavailable resource.

[0275] In this embodiment, the channel used for terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the first channel in this embodiment) and the channel used for non-terrestrial communication (hereinafter referred to as the second channel in this embodiment) are adjacent channels, as shown in Figures 17 and 18. Note that the second channel may be a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. In this case, the term "non-terrestrial communication" used in the following description can be replaced with "non-terrestrial uplink communication."

[0276] As described above, the base station transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel to the terminal device 50. The terminal device 50 performs setting for wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0277] In this embodiment, the first setting and the second setting are different settings. The first setting is a setting related to the use of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the use of the second channel. Here, the first setting is, for example, a setting to use the first channel as usual (i.e., a setting to make the entire first channel an available resource). Furthermore, the second setting is, for example, a setting to make at least a portion of the second channel an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. For example, the second setting is a setting to make the end of the second channel an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. Here, the center of the second channel may be an available resource like the first channel.

[0278] Here, unavailable resources are resources that are not allocated as communication resources, and available resources are resources that are allocated as communication resources. Furthermore, reserved resources are resources that become temporarily available when a predetermined condition is met. For example, reserved resources are resources that become temporarily available when a timer is set and until the timer expires.

[0279] The end of the second channel may be, for example, one or more resource blocks that are adjacent to an adjacent channel (for example, the first channel), and the center of the second channel may be, for example, one or more resource blocks that are not adjacent to an adjacent channel (for example, the first channel).

[0280] As described above, the second setting is a setting in which at least a part of the second channel is an unavailable resource. Figure 25 is a diagram for explaining a setting related to the use of the second channel. For example, the end of the second channel may be a resource that is not allocated as a communication resource. For example, the end of the second channel may be a resource that is set as a reserved resource (i.e., a resource that is not normally allocated as a communication resource).

[0281] <Application of this Embodiment> The terminal device 50 may implement this embodiment based on semi-static information, or may implement this embodiment based on dynamic settings.

[0282] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is not prohibiting connection to NTN (notBarred). On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when the value of cellBarredNTN notified in the system information is prohibiting connection to NTN (Barred), or when cellBarredNTN is not notified.

[0283] For example, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information. On the other hand, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment when notified of NTN system information.

[0284] For example, when RRC signaling for NTN is notified, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. On the other hand, when RRC signaling for NTN is not notified, for example, the terminal device 50 may not apply this embodiment.

[0285] For example, when information related to this embodiment is notified to the terminal device 50 by NTN system information or RRC signaling, the terminal device 50 may apply this embodiment. Here, a new field for this embodiment may be added, or information related to this embodiment may be added to an existing field.

[0286] The following is an example of a notification using system information. SIBxx ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-Disable-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB-Timer INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ...}

[0287] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding a new field): ServingCellConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Config NTN-Config, -- Need R ntn-Disable-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB-Timer INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ...}

[0288] The following is an example of notification by RRC signaling (when adding to an existing field): NTN-Config ::= SEQUENCE { ... ntn-Disable-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ntn-Reserved-RB-Timer INTEGER (0..32), -- Need R ...}

[0289] The following is an example of field descriptions. (Field descriptions) ntn-Disable-RB: Sets one or more adjacent resource blocks on adjacent channels as unavailable resource blocks. If this notification does not exist, all resource blocks will be used. ntn-Reserved-RB: Sets one or more adjacent resource blocks on adjacent channels as reserved resource blocks. If this notification does not exist, all resource blocks will be used. ntn-Reserved-RB-Timer: Information about the timer that runs from when one or more reserved resource blocks on adjacent channels and adjacent channels become available to when they become unavailable.

[0290] For example, information that allows reserved resources to be temporarily used may be transmitted by DCI from a base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) to the terminal device 50. Upon receiving the information that allows reserved resources to be temporarily used, the terminal device 50 performs transmission processing and reception processing on the previously set reserved resources as if they were temporarily available.

[0291] At this time, timer information regarding the temporary use of the reserved resources may be notified to the terminal device 50 in advance from the base station (e.g., the non-terrestrial station 30). The terminal device 50 that has received the timer information starts the timer after receiving information that allows the reserved resources to be temporarily used. The terminal device 50 then allows the reserved resources to be used until the timer expires. When the timer expires, the terminal device 50 makes the reserved resources unavailable.

[0292] <5-5. Example 5> Next, the operation of the communication system 1 according to Example 5 will be described. In the above-described example, processing for reducing the influence of interference (interference) that non-terrestrial communication receives from terrestrial communication has been described. However, the processing of this embodiment may be processing for reducing the influence of interference (interference) that terrestrial communication causes to non-terrestrial communication.

[0293] For example, in the above-described first to fourth embodiments, the base station sets a setting (second setting) related to wireless communication using the second channel that is different from the conventional setting. However, in this embodiment, the base station sets a setting (first setting) related to wireless communication using the first channel that is different from the conventional setting. Here, the first channel is a channel used for terrestrial communication, and the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication.

[0294] As described above, the base station transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel to the terminal device 50. The first setting and the second setting may be different settings. The terminal device 50 configures wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0295] FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the settings related to the first channel.

[0296] (Example 5-1) For example, the first setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the minimum guard band width of the second channel. Here, the second setting may be a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the second channel is the conventional minimum guard band width shown in <3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology>. Furthermore, the first setting may be a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the first channel is a newly established minimum guard band width. For example, the first setting may be a setting in which the minimum guard band width of the first channel (the minimum guard band width of at least one of the two guard bands) is a first minimum guard band width that is wider than the second minimum guard band width of the second channel (e.g., the conventional minimum guard band width). Alternatively, the first setting may be a setting similar to the second setting shown in Example 1 or Example 2. Furthermore, the second setting may be a setting similar to the first setting shown in Example 1 or Example 2.

[0297] (Example 5-2) For example, the first setting is a setting related to the modulation method of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting related to the modulation method of the second channel. Here, the second setting is, for example, a setting in which the modulation method of the signal transmitted using the second channel is a conventional modulation method. Also, the first setting is, for example, a setting in which the modulation method of the end portion of the first channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the central portion of the first channel. Here, the modulation method of the central portion of the first channel may be the same modulation method as the modulation method of the second channel (e.g., a modulation method used in conventional non-terrestrial communications) or may be a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the second channel. Alternatively, the first setting may be the same as the second setting shown in Example 3. Also, the second setting may be the same as the first setting shown in Example 3.

[0298] (Example 5-3) For example, the first setting is a setting regarding the use of the first channel, and the second setting is a setting regarding the use of the second channel. Here, the second setting is, for example, a setting to use the second channel as usual (i.e., a setting to make the entire second channel an available resource). Also, the first setting is, for example, a setting to make at least a part of the first channel an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. For example, the first setting is a setting to make the end of the first channel an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. Here, the center of the first channel may be an available resource like the second channel. Alternatively, the first setting may be a setting similar to the second setting shown in Example 4. Also, the second setting may be a setting similar to the first setting shown in Example 4.

[0299] (Other Examples) In the above Examples 5-1 to 5-3, the first setting may be the same as the first setting shown in any of the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 4. Furthermore, the first setting may be a combination of the first settings shown in one or more examples selected from the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 4. In this case, the first setting and the second setting do not necessarily have to be different settings.

[0300] <5-6. Sixth embodiment> Next, the operation of the communication system 1 according to the sixth embodiment will be described. In the first to fifth embodiments, the settings at both ends of the channel are different from the conventional settings. In this embodiment, only the setting at one end of the channel is different from the conventional settings.

[0301] 5-6-1. Setting of the End of the Second Channel First, the setting of the end of the second channel will be described. As described above, the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication.

[0302] For example, in the above-described first to fourth embodiments, the base station applies the settings of the present embodiment (increased guard bands / low-order modulation settings / unavailable resource settings / reserved resource settings) to both ends of the second channel. However, the base station may apply the settings of the present embodiment only to the ends of the second channel that are adjacent to the channel (first channel) used for terrestrial communication.

[0303] As described above, the base station transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel to the terminal device 50. The terminal device 50 performs setting for wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0304] 27 is a diagram illustrating settings related to a second channel. Here, it is assumed that only one end (first end) of both ends (first end and second end) of the second channel is adjacent to the first channel. In this case, settings related to wireless communication using the second channel (second settings) may be as follows.

[0305] (Example 6-1) For example, the second setting may be a setting in which only the minimum guard band width of the guard band (first end) adjacent to the first channel, among the guard bands at both ends of the second channel, is set to a second minimum guard band width that is wider than the first minimum guard band width of the first channel. In this case, the minimum guard band width of the guard band (second end) not adjacent to the first channel may be the first minimum guard band width. The calculation method of the first minimum guard band width and / or the second minimum guard band width may be the same as the calculation method shown in Example 1 or Example 2.

[0306] (Example 6-2) For example, the second setting may be a setting in which only the modulation method of the end (first end) adjacent to the first channel among both ends of the second channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the central portion of the second channel. In this case, the modulation method of the end (second end) not adjacent to the first channel may be the same as the modulation method of the central portion. The modulation method of the first end may be the same as the modulation method of the end of the second channel shown in Example 3. The modulation method of the second end and / or the central portion may be the same as the modulation method of the central portion of the second channel shown in Example 3.

[0307] (Example 6-3) For example, the second setting may be a setting in which only the end (first end) adjacent to the first channel among both ends of the second channel is set as an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. In this case, the end (second end) not adjacent to the first channel may be an available resource. The unavailable resource may be the same as the unavailable resource shown in Example 4. The reserved resource may be the same as the reserved resource shown in Example 4.

[0308] <5-6-2. Setting of the Ends of the First Channel> First, setting of the ends of the first channel will be described.

[0309] For example, in the above-described fifth embodiment, the base station applies the settings of the present embodiment (increased guard bands / low-order modulation settings / unavailable resource settings / reserved resource settings) to both ends of the first channel. However, the base station may apply the settings of the present embodiment only to adjacent ends of the first channel. The second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink.

[0310] As described above, the base station transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel to the terminal device 50. The terminal device 50 performs setting for wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0311] 28 is a diagram for explaining the setting for the first channel. Here, it is assumed that only one end (the first end) of both ends (the first end and the second end) of the first channel is adjacent to the second channel. In this case, the first setting may be as follows.

[0312] (Example 6-4) For example, the first setting may be a setting in which only the minimum guard band width of the guard band adjacent to the second channel, among the guard bands at both ends of the first channel, is set to a first minimum guard band width that is wider than the second minimum guard band width of the second channel. In this case, the minimum guard band width of the guard band not adjacent to the second channel may be the second minimum guard band width. The first minimum guard band width may be the same as the first minimum guard band width described in Example 5. The second minimum guard band width and / or the second minimum guard band width may be the same as the second minimum guard band width described in Example 5.

[0313] (Example 6-5) For example, the first setting may be a setting in which only the modulation method of the end (first end) adjacent to the second channel among both ends of the first channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the central portion of the first channel. In this case, the modulation method of the end (second end) not adjacent to the second channel may be the same as the modulation method of the central portion. The modulation method of the first end may be the same as the modulation method of the end of the first channel shown in Example 5. The modulation method of the second end and / or the central portion may be the same as the modulation method of the central portion of the second channel shown in Example 5.

[0314] (Example 6-6) For example, the first setting may be a setting in which only the end (first end) of the first channel that is adjacent to the second channel is an unavailable resource or a reserved resource. In this case, the end (second end) that is not adjacent to the second channel may be an available resource. The unavailable resource may be the same as the unavailable resource shown in Example 5. The reserved resource may be the same as the reserved resource shown in Example 5.

[0315] 5-7. Seventh Embodiment Next, the operation of the communication system 1 according to the seventh embodiment will be described.

[0316] Whether the ground station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate in the same frequency band may be determined based on the deployment status of the ground station 20 cell that uses the same frequency as the non-terrestrial station 30 and the orbit of the non-terrestrial station 30. For example, assume that a ground station 20 cell that uses the same frequency band as the non-terrestrial station 30 exists within the cell of the non-terrestrial station 30. In this case, the ground station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 may communicate in the same frequency band. Also, assume that a ground station 20 cell that uses the same frequency band as the non-terrestrial station 30 exists in the orbit of the non-terrestrial station 30. In this case, the ground station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 may communicate in the same frequency band.

[0317] In a communication environment where terrestrial stations 20 and non-terrestrial stations 30 coexist, there are cases where the terrestrial stations 20 and non-terrestrial stations 30 communicate in the same frequency band, and cases where the terrestrial stations 20 and non-terrestrial stations 30 communicate in different frequency bands. When considering the mobility of the non-terrestrial stations 30, switching between communication in the same frequency band and communication in different frequency bands occurs.

[0318] The operation of the communication system 1 of this embodiment will be explained below by dividing it into two patterns. In the following explanation, one or more of the controls described in the above embodiments (Examples 1 to 6) will be referred to as the control shown in this embodiment.

[0319] <5-7-1. Pattern 1> First, switching from a "cell in which the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 communicate in the same frequency band" to a "cell in which the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 communicate in different frequency bands" will be described.

[0320] (Example 7-1) For example, if a cell formed on the ground by a non-terrestrial station 30 includes a cell of a terrestrial station 20 that uses the same frequency as that of the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may apply the control described in this embodiment. Here, the communication device may be a base station (the terrestrial station 20 and / or the non-terrestrial station 30) or a terminal device 50.

[0321] Thereafter, if the non-terrestrial station 30 moves and a cell of a terrestrial station 20 using the same frequency as that of the non-terrestrial station 30 no longer exists within the cell formed on the ground by the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may disable the application of the control shown in this embodiment. Alternatively, if the non-terrestrial station 30 moves and a cell of a terrestrial station 20 using a frequency different from that of the non-terrestrial station 30 exists within the cell formed on the ground by the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may disable the application of the control shown in this embodiment.

[0322] At this time, the base station (for example, the non-terrestrial station 30) may transmit control information to the terminal device 50 to notify the terminal device 50 of switching from "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate in the same frequency band" to "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate in different frequency bands." The base station may make this notification by, for example, system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0323] (Example 7-2) There are cases where a handover occurs due to movement of the terminal device 50 from a "cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using the same frequency band" to a "cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using different frequency bands." In this case, the communication device may apply the control shown in this embodiment. Here, the communication device may be a base station (the terrestrial station 20 and / or the non-terrestrial station 30) or may be the terminal device 50.

[0324] At this time, the base station (e.g., the non-terrestrial station 30) may transmit to the terminal device 50 a notification (e.g., control information) for switching from "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using the same frequency band" to "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using different frequency bands." The base station may transmit this notification by including it in a handover command or the like. Of course, the base station may transmit this notification by using system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0325] <5-7-2. Pattern 2> Next, switching from a "cell in which the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 communicate in different frequency bands" to a "cell in which the ground station 20 and the non-ground station 30 communicate in the same frequency band" will be described.

[0326] (Example 7-3) For example, if a cell formed on the ground by the non-terrestrial station 30 does not include a cell of a terrestrial station 20 that uses the same frequency as the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may disable the application of the control described in this embodiment. Alternatively, if the non-terrestrial station 30 moves and a cell formed on the ground by the non-terrestrial station 30 includes a cell of a terrestrial station 20 that uses a frequency different from that of the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may disable the application of the control described in this embodiment. Here, the communication device may be a base station (terrestrial station 20 and / or non-terrestrial station 30) or a terminal device 50.

[0327] Thereafter, if the non-terrestrial station 30 moves and a cell of a terrestrial station 20 using the same frequency as the non-terrestrial station 30 exists within the cell formed on the ground by the non-terrestrial station 30, the communication device may apply the control shown in this embodiment.

[0328] At this time, the base station (for example, the non-terrestrial station 30) may transmit control information to the terminal device 50 to notify the terminal device 50 of switching from "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using different frequency bands" to "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using the same frequency band." The base station may make this notification using, for example, system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0329] (Example 7-4) When the terminal device 50 moves, a handover may occur from a "cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using different frequency bands" to a "cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using the same frequency band." In this case, the communication device may apply the control shown in this embodiment. Here, the communication device may be a base station (the terrestrial station 20 and / or the non-terrestrial station 30) or may be the terminal device 50.

[0330] At this time, the base station (e.g., the non-terrestrial station 30) may transmit to the terminal device 50 a notification (e.g., control information) for switching from "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using different frequency bands" to "a cell in which the terrestrial station 20 and the non-terrestrial station 30 communicate using the same frequency band." The base station may transmit this notification by including it in a handover command or the like. Of course, the base station may transmit this notification by using system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0331] <5-7-3. Modifications> The application of this embodiment is not limited to the same frequency band. The application of this embodiment is not limited to the same frequency band. This embodiment can also be applied to adjacent frequency bands. In this case, the above-mentioned description of "same frequency band" can be replaced with "adjacent frequency band", and the description of "different frequency bands" can be replaced with "non-adjacent frequency bands" or "separate frequency bands".

[0332] 6. Example of Sequence Next, an example of a sequence related to the above-described embodiments (Examples 1 to 7) will be described.

[0333] The base station and the terminal device 50 may perform one or a combination of a plurality of sequences among the following sequences. The base station in this sequence example may be a terrestrial station 20 or a non-terrestrial station 30. In this sequence example, the first channel used for terrestrial communication and the second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication are adjacent to each other.

[0334] 29 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of setting processing. In sequence 1, settings related to the minimum guard band shown in embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 5, or embodiment 6 are performed. The setting processing related to sequence 1 will be described below with reference to FIG. 29.

[0335] First, the base station transmits setting information including information about the minimum guard band to the terminal device 50 (step S101). The base station may transmit the information about the minimum guard band in system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0336] Here, the information about the minimum guard band may be information about the second setting shown in Example 1, Example 2, or Example 6, or may be information about the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6. For example, the information about the minimum guard band may be a setting about a method for calculating the minimum guard band width (e.g., minimum guard band offset information), or may be a setting about a maximum transmission bandwidth setting (e.g., a maximum transmission bandwidth setting table).

[0337] The terminal device 50 receives setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 determines whether the setting included in the setting information is applicable (step S102). For example, the terminal device 50 determines whether it has the capability to execute the setting notified in the setting information (the second setting shown in Example 1, Example 2, or Example 6, or the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6). If the setting notified in the setting information cannot be applied (step S102: No), the terminal device 50 terminates the setting process.

[0338] If the settings included in the setting information are applicable (step S102: Yes), the terminal device 50 sets the minimum guard band based on the setting information (step S103). When the settings are complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process.

[0339] After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 executes a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (for example, a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0340] <6-2. Sequence Example 2> Fig. 30 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 2, the setting related to the minimum guard band shown in Example 1, Example 2, Example 5, or Example 6 is also performed. Unlike Sequence Example 1, in Sequence 2, application determination is not performed. Below, the setting process related to Sequence 2 will be described with reference to Fig. 30.

[0341] First, the base station transmits setting information including information about the minimum guard band to the terminal device 50 (step S101). The terminal device 50 receives the setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 sets the minimum guard band based on the setting information (step S103). Once the setting is complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process. After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 performs a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0342] <6-3. Sequence Example 3> Fig. 31 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 3, settings related to the modulation method shown in Example 3, Example 5, or Example 6 are performed. The setting process related to Sequence 3 will be described below with reference to Fig. 31.

[0343] First, the base station transmits configuration information including information about the modulation scheme to the terminal device 50 (step S201). The base station may transmit the information about the modulation scheme in system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0344] Here, the information on the modulation method may be information on the second setting shown in Example 3 or Example 6, or information on the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6. For example, the information on the modulation method may be modulation order information applied to a channel end.

[0345] The terminal device 50 receives setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 determines whether the setting included in the setting information is applicable (step S202). For example, the terminal device 50 determines whether it has the capability to execute the setting notified in the setting information (the second setting shown in Example 3 or Example 6, or the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6). If the setting notified in the setting information cannot be applied (step S202: No), the terminal device 50 terminates the setting process.

[0346] If the settings included in the setting information are applicable (step S202: Yes), the terminal device 50 sets the modulation method based on the setting information (step S203). When the settings are complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process.

[0347] After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 executes a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (for example, a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0348] <6-4. Sequence Example 4> Fig. 32 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 4, the setting related to the modulation method shown in Example 3, Example 5, or Example 6 is also performed. Unlike Sequence Example 3, in Sequence 4, application determination is not performed. Below, the setting process related to Sequence 4 will be described with reference to Fig. 32.

[0349] First, the base station transmits setting information including information about the modulation method (a new setting different from the conventional setting) to the terminal device 50 (step S201). The terminal device 50 receives the setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 sets the modulation method based on the setting information (step S203). Once the setting is complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process. After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 performs a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0350] <6-5. Sequence Example 5> Fig. 33 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 5, settings related to the unavailable resources shown in Example 4, Example 5, or Example 6 are performed. The setting process related to Sequence 5 will be described below with reference to Fig. 33.

[0351] First, the base station transmits configuration information including information about unavailable resources to the terminal device 50 (step S301). The base station may transmit the information about unavailable resources in system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0352] Here, the information about the unavailable resources may be information about the second setting shown in the fourth embodiment or the sixth embodiment, or may be information about the first setting shown in the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment. For example, the information about the unavailable resources may be a setting that sets the channel end as an unavailable resource.

[0353] The terminal device 50 receives setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 determines whether the setting included in the setting information is applicable (step S302). For example, the terminal device 50 determines whether it has the capability to execute the setting notified in the setting information (the second setting shown in Example 4 or Example 6, or the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6). If the setting notified in the setting information cannot be applied (step S302: No), the terminal device 50 terminates the setting process.

[0354] If the settings included in the setting information are applicable (step S302: Yes), the terminal device 50 sets the unavailable resources based on the setting information (step S303). When the settings are complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process.

[0355] After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 executes a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (for example, a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0356] <6-6. Sequence Example 6> Fig. 34 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 6, the setting related to the unavailable resources shown in Example 4, Example 5, or Example 6 is also performed. In Sequence 3, unlike Sequence Example 5, no application determination is performed. The setting process related to Sequence 6 will be described below with reference to Fig. 34.

[0357] First, the base station transmits setting information including information on the modulation method (new setting different from the conventional setting) to the terminal device 50 (step S301). The terminal device 50 receives the setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 sets unavailable resources based on the setting information (step S303). Once the setting is complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process. After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 performs a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0358] <6-7. Sequence Example 7> Fig. 35 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 7, settings related to the reserved resources shown in Example 4, Example 5, or Example 6 are performed. A reserved resource is a resource that becomes temporarily available when a predetermined condition is met. For example, when a timer is set, a reserved resource is a resource that becomes temporarily available until the timer expires. Below, the setting process related to Sequence 7 will be described with reference to Fig. 35.

[0359] First, the base station transmits configuration information including information about reserved resources to the terminal device 50 (step S401). The base station may transmit the information about reserved resources in system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0360] Here, the information on the reserved resources may be information on the second setting shown in the fourth embodiment or the sixth embodiment, or may be information on the first setting shown in the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment. For example, the information on the reserved resources may be a setting in which the channel end is set as the reserved resource.

[0361] The terminal device 50 receives setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 determines whether the setting included in the setting information is applicable (step S402). For example, the terminal device 50 determines whether it has the capability to execute the setting notified in the setting information (the second setting shown in Example 4 or Example 6, or the first setting shown in Example 5 or Example 6). If the setting notified in the setting information cannot be applied (step S402: No), the terminal device 50 terminates the setting process.

[0362] If the settings included in the setting information are applicable (step S402: Yes), the terminal device 50 sets the reserved resources based on the setting information (step S403). When the settings are complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process.

[0363] After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 executes a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (for example, a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0364] <6-8. Sequence Example 8> Fig. 36 is a diagram showing another example of the sequence of the setting process. In Sequence 8, the setting related to the reserved resources shown in Example 4, Example 5, or Example 6 is also performed. Unlike Sequence Example 7, in Sequence 8, application determination is not performed. The setting process related to Sequence 8 will be described below with reference to Fig. 36.

[0365] First, the base station transmits setting information including information on the modulation method (a new setting different from the conventional setting) to the terminal device 50 (step S401). The terminal device 50 receives the setting information from the base station. Then, the terminal device 50 sets reserved resources based on the setting information (step S403). When the setting is complete, the terminal device 50 ends the setting process. After the setting process is completed, the terminal device 50 performs a transmission process or a reception process for wireless communication with another communication device (e.g., a non-terrestrial station 30) based on the new setting.

[0366] <6-9. Sequence Example 9> Fig. 37 is a diagram showing an example of a communication processing sequence. In Sequence 9, a timer for using reserved resources is set. In Sequence 9, the reserved resources are assumed to be resources that, when a timer is set, become temporarily available until the timer expires. The setting process related to Sequence 9 will be described below with reference to Fig. 37.

[0367] First, the base station transmits information related to the timer of the reserved resource to the terminal device 50 (step S501). The base station may transmit the information related to the timer of the reserved resource in system information, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0368] The base station also notifies the terminal device 50 that the reserved resources are temporarily available (step S502). This notification may be made dynamically. For example, the base station may make this notification using DCI.

[0369] The terminal device 50 receives information related to the timer of the reserved resources from the base station. The terminal device 50 also receives a notification from the base station that the reserved resources are temporarily available for use. Upon receiving the notification, the terminal device 50 sets the reserved resources as available resources (step S503). The terminal device 50 then sets the timer based on the information related to the timer of the reserved resources and starts the timer (step S504). Once the timer has started, the terminal device 50 performs transmission processing or reception processing with the reserved resources as available resources (step S505).

[0370] Next, the terminal device 50 determines whether the timer has expired (step S506). If the timer has not expired (step S506: No), the terminal device 50 returns the process to step S505.

[0371] If the timer has expired (step S506: Yes), the terminal device 50 sets the reserved resource as an available resource (step S507).Then, the terminal device 50 performs transmission processing or reception processing with the reserved resource as an unavailable resource (step S508).

[0372] <6-10. Sequence Example 10> Figure 38 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of a generation process. In Sequence 10, the configuration information shown in the above embodiments (at least one of Examples 1 to 7) is generated based on the UE capability information. Below, the generation process related to Sequence 9 will be described with reference to Figure 38.

[0373] First, the terminal device 50 transmits its own capability information (UE capability information) to the base station (step S601). The UE capability information includes information on whether or not the above-described embodiments (at least one of the embodiments 1 to 7) are applicable.

[0374] The base station receives UE capability information from the terminal device 50. Then, the base station determines whether the above embodiment (at least one of embodiments 1 to 7) can be applied to the terminal device 50 based on the UE capability information (step S602). If the above embodiment cannot be applied (step S602: No), the terminal device 50 ends the generation process.

[0375] If the above embodiment is applicable (step S602: Yes), the base station executes a process related to the application of the above embodiment based on the UE capability information. For example, the base station generates the configuration information shown in the above embodiment (at least one of embodiments 1 to 7) (step S603). Once the generation is complete, the base station transmits the configuration information to the terminal device 50.

[0376] <<7. Modifications>> The above-described embodiment is merely an example, and various modifications and applications are possible.

[0377] For example, in the above-described embodiments (Examples 1 to 7), the first setting and the second setting are different settings, but the first setting and the second setting may be the same setting. For example, assume that the first setting and the second setting are settings related to guard bands. In this case, the first minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the first channel and the second minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the second channel may be the same setting. In this case, both the first minimum guard band width and the second minimum guard band width may be set to a minimum guard band width wider than the conventional setting shown in <3. Conventional Interference Reduction Technology>.

[0378] Furthermore, the first setting may be a combination of the first settings shown in one or more embodiments selected from the above-described Examples 1 to 7. Similarly, the second setting may be a combination of the second settings shown in one or more embodiments selected from the above-described Examples 1 to 7.

[0379] In the above embodiment, the base station generates the setting information to be transmitted to the terminal device 50, but the setting information may be generated by a device other than the base station. For example, the management device 10, the relay station 40, or the terminal device 50 may generate the setting information.

[0380] Furthermore, the wireless communication targeted by the setting information is not limited to wireless communication (uplink communication and / or downlink communication) between a base station and a terminal device 50. The wireless communication targeted by the setting information may be communication (sidelink communication) between a terminal device 50 and another terminal device 50. Of course, the wireless communication targeted by the setting information may also be wireless communication between a base station and another base station.

[0381] Furthermore, the wireless communication targeted by the setting information is not limited to unicast communication, but may be, for example, multicast communication (groupcast communication) or broadband communication.

[0382] In the above-described embodiment, the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. However, the second channel is not limited to these. For example, the second channel may be a channel used for non-terrestrial downlink communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial sidelink communication (e.g., communication between non-terrestrial stations 30). In this case, the "non-terrestrial communication" or "non-terrestrial uplink communication" described in the above-described embodiment can be replaced with "non-terrestrial downlink communication" or "non-terrestrial sidelink communication."

[0383] In the above-described embodiment, the first channel is a channel used for terrestrial communication. However, the first channel is not limited to this and may be, for example, a channel used for terrestrial uplink communication, a channel used for terrestrial downlink communication, or a channel used for terrestrial sidelink communication. In this case, the "terrestrial communication" and the "terrestrial uplink communication" described in the above-described embodiment can be replaced with "terrestrial downlink communication."

[0384] The first channel may also be a channel used for non-terrestrial communication. In this case, the first channel may be a channel used for non-terrestrial communication (non-terrestrial uplink communication and non-terrestrial downlink communication), a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication, a channel used for non-terrestrial downlink communication, or a channel used for terrestrial downlink communication. In this case, the "terrestrial communication" described in the above-described embodiment can be replaced with "terrestrial uplink communication," "terrestrial downlink communication," or "terrestrial sidelink communication."

[0385] In the above-described embodiment, the terminal device 50 is a terrestrial communication device (ground station), but the terminal device 50 is not limited to a terrestrial communication device. The terminal device 50 may be a non-ground station (for example, a satellite station or an aircraft station).

[0386] Furthermore, the wireless communication targeted by the setting information is not limited to communication between a communication device that generates or transmits the setting information and another communication device (e.g., communication between a base station and a terminal device 50). The wireless communication targeted by the setting information may also be communication between other communication devices. For example, assume that a base station is a communication device that generates or transmits the setting information. In this case, the base station may generate or transmit setting information for communication between the terminal device 50 and another terminal device 50 (i.e., sidelink communication).

[0387] The control device that controls the management device 10, ground station 20, non-ground station 30, relay station 40, and terminal device 50 in this embodiment may be realized by a dedicated computer system or a general-purpose computer system.

[0388] For example, a communication program for executing the above-described operations is stored on a computer-readable recording medium such as an optical disk, a semiconductor memory, a magnetic tape, or a flexible disk and distributed. Then, for example, the program is installed on a computer and the above-described processing is executed to configure a control device. In this case, the control device may be a device (e.g., a personal computer) external to the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the relay station 40, or the terminal device 50. Alternatively, the control device may be a device (e.g., a control unit 13, a control unit 23, a control unit 33, a control unit 43, or a control unit 53) internal to the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the relay station 40, or the terminal device 50.

[0389] The above program may also be stored in a disk device provided in a server on a network such as the Internet, and may be downloaded to a computer. The above functions may also be realized by cooperation between an operating system (OS) and application software. In this case, the parts other than the OS may be stored on a medium and distributed, or the parts other than the OS may be stored in a server device and may be downloaded to a computer.

[0390] Furthermore, among the processes described in the above embodiments, all or part of the processes described as being performed automatically can be performed manually, or all or part of the processes described as being performed manually can be performed automatically using a known method. In addition, the information including the processing procedures, specific names, various data, and parameters shown in the above documents and drawings can be changed as desired unless otherwise specified. For example, the various information shown in each drawing is not limited to the information shown in the drawings.

[0391] Furthermore, the components of each device shown in the figure are conceptual functional units and do not necessarily have to be physically configured as shown. In other words, the specific form of distribution and integration of each device is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or part of the devices can be functionally or physically distributed or integrated in any unit depending on various loads, usage conditions, etc. Note that this distribution or integration configuration may also be performed dynamically.

[0392] The above-described embodiments can be combined as appropriate within the scope of the processing content without causing inconsistency. The order of the steps shown in the flowcharts or sequence diagrams of the above-described embodiments can be changed as appropriate.

[0393] Furthermore, for example, the present embodiment can also be implemented as any configuration that constitutes an apparatus or system, such as a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration), a module using multiple processors, a unit using multiple modules, a set in which other functions are added to a unit, or the like (i.e., a configuration of a part of an apparatus).

[0394] The functions performed by the components described herein may be implemented in circuitry or processing circuitry programmed to perform the described functions. Here, the circuitry or processing circuitry may be a general-purpose processor, an application-specific processor, an integrated circuit, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a CPU (a Central Processing Unit), conventional circuitry, and / or a combination thereof. Processors include transistors and other circuits. A processor may be considered to be circuitry or processing circuitry. A processor may also be a programmed processor that executes a program stored in a memory.

[0395] In this specification, a circuit, unit, or means may be hardware that is programmed to realize a described function or that performs a described function. The hardware may be any hardware disclosed in this specification or any hardware that is programmed to realize or known to perform the described function. If the hardware is a processor, which is considered a type of circuitry, the circuit, means, or unit may be a combination of hardware and software used to configure the hardware and / or processor.

[0396] Furthermore, for example, the present embodiment can be implemented as any configuration constituting an apparatus or system. For example, the present embodiment can be implemented as a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration), a module using multiple processors, a unit using multiple modules, or a set in which a unit further has additional functions. In other words, the present embodiment can also be implemented as a part of the configuration of an apparatus.

[0397] The system LSI may also be referred to as an SOC (System on Chip). In other words, each of the above-described or later-described devices (e.g., the management device 10, the ground station 20, the non-ground station 30, the relay station 40, and the terminal device 50) may be interpreted as a processor (e.g., a CPU) serving as a system LSI (e.g., SoC), or as a module using or constituting the processor. Additionally or alternatively, the present embodiment may be implemented by any configuration constituting a device or system (e.g., a modem chip (baseband chip) or an RF (Radio Frequency) unit, or a combination thereof). The RF unit may include at least one of an RF circuit and an RF front-end. In other words, each of the above-described or later-described devices may be interpreted as a modem chip (baseband chip) or an RF unit, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, each of the above-described or later-described devices may be interpreted as a module using or constituting a modem chip or an RF unit.

[0398] The modem chip processes signals related to communications within a device (including the devices described above or below). The modem chip may have at least a modulator or demodulator function. The RF unit may have at least one of an RF transceiver (RF upconverter, RF downconverter), a power amplifier, and a low-noise amplifier function. The RF transceiver converts between baseband signals and RF frequencies. The power amplifier amplifies signals for transmission from an antenna. The low-noise amplifier amplifies weak signals received from the antenna. Additionally or alternatively, the RF unit (particularly, the RF front end) may include at least one of the above-mentioned power amplifier, low-noise amplifier, envelope tracker, filter, duplexer, multiplexer, antenna switch, and antenna tuner.

[0399] The combination of the modem chip and the RF unit may be referred to as a modem-RF system. At least a portion of the modem chip or the RF unit, or a combination thereof, may be included in a system LSI (e.g., SoC). For example, the processing performed by at least a portion of the modem chip or the RF unit, or a combination thereof (e.g., at least a portion of the MAC layer processing / PHY layer processing) may be realized by the system LSI. Here, the MAC layer processing or the PHY layer processing may be at least a portion of the processing performed by the devices (e.g., the management device 10, the terrestrial station 20, the non-terrestrial station 30, the relay station 40, and the terminal device 50) in the above-mentioned or later-described embodiments.

[0400] In this embodiment, a system refers to a collection of multiple components (devices, modules (components), etc.), regardless of whether all of the components are in the same housing. Therefore, multiple devices housed in separate housings and connected via a network, and a single device in which multiple modules are housed in a single housing, are both systems.

[0401] Furthermore, for example, this embodiment can have a cloud computing configuration in which one function is shared and processed jointly by a plurality of devices via a network.

[0402] <<8. Conclusion>> As described above, the communication system 1 of this embodiment includes a base station and a terminal device 50. The base station transmits setting information to the terminal device 50, including at least one of a first setting related to wireless communication using a first channel and a second setting related to wireless communication using a second channel adjacent to the first channel. The first channel is a channel used for terrestrial communication. The second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. The first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels. The first setting and the second setting are different settings. The terminal device 50 configures wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the setting information received from the base station.

[0403] That is, in this embodiment, a second setting used for communication using a second channel (non-terrestrial communication) is prepared in addition to a first setting used for communication using a first channel (terrestrial communication). This enables a setting according to the channel in use (for example, an interference reduction setting according to the state of the channel in use), and therefore the communication system 1 can achieve communication with high communication performance.

[0404] As described above, the configuration information includes at least one second setting. Here, it is assumed that the configuration information includes the second setting. In this case, the second setting may include a setting that sets the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the second channel to a minimum guard band width wider than the minimum guard band width of the first channel. Alternatively, the second setting may include a setting that sets the modulation method of at least one end of the second channel to a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the center portion of the second channel. Alternatively, the second setting may include a setting that sets at least one end of the second channel to an unavailable resource or a reserved resource.

[0405] This reduces interference that the non-terrestrial communication (second channel) receives from the terrestrial communication, and as a result, the communication system 1 can achieve communication with high communication performance.

[0406] Furthermore, it is assumed that the configuration information includes a first configuration. In this case, the first configuration may include a configuration in which the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the first channel is set to a minimum guard band width wider than the minimum guard band width of the second channel. Alternatively, the first configuration may include a configuration in which the modulation method of at least one end of the first channel is set to a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the center portion of the second channel. Alternatively, the first configuration may include a configuration in which at least one end of the first channel is set to an unavailable resource or a reserved resource.

[0407] This reduces interference caused by terrestrial communication to non-terrestrial communication (second channel), and as a result, the communication system 1 can achieve communication with high communication performance.

[0408] Furthermore, the effects of each embodiment described in this specification are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting, and other effects may also be obtained.

[0409] Note that the present technology can also be configured as follows. (1) A base station including a transmitter that transmits configuration information including at least one of a first configuration related to wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second configuration related to wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication to a terminal device that performs wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first configuration and the second configuration are different configurations. (2) The base station according to (1), wherein the configuration information includes the second configuration that is different from the first configuration. (3) The base station according to (2), wherein the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. (4) The base station according to (2) or (3), wherein the second setting is a setting related to a minimum guard band width of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting to set the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the second channel to a second minimum guard band width wider than the first minimum guard band width of the first channel. (5) The base station according to (4), wherein the second setting is a setting to set only the minimum guard band width of a guard band adjacent to a channel used for terrestrial communication, among the guard bands at both ends of the second channel, as the second minimum guard band width. (6) The base station according to (2) or (3), wherein the second setting is a setting related to a modulation method of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting to set the modulation method of at least one end of the second channel to a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of a center portion of the second channel. (7) The base station according to (6), wherein the second setting is a setting in which only the modulation method at the end of the second channel, which is adjacent to a channel used for terrestrial communication, is a modulation method of a lower order than the modulation method at the center portion.(8) The base station according to (2) or (3), wherein the second setting is a setting related to use of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting for setting at least one end of the second channel as an unusable resource or a reserved resource. (9) The base station according to (8), wherein the second setting is a setting for setting only one end of the second channel, of both ends, adjacent to a channel used for terrestrial communication, as an unusable resource or a reserved resource. (10) The base station according to (1), wherein the setting information includes the first setting different from the second setting. (11) The base station according to (10), wherein the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communication. (12) The base station according to (10) or (11), wherein the first setting is a setting related to a minimum guard band width of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting for setting the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the first channel to a first minimum guard band width wider than a second minimum guard band width of the second channel. (13) The base station according to (12), wherein the first setting is a setting in which, of the guard bands at both ends of the first channel, only the minimum guard band width of a guard band adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication is set as the first minimum guard band width. (14) The base station according to (10) or (11), wherein the first setting is a setting related to a modulation method of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting in which the modulation method of at least one end of the first channel is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of a central portion of the first channel. (15) The base station according to (14), wherein the first setting is a setting in which, of the both ends of the first channel, only the modulation method of the end adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method of the central portion.(16) The base station according to (10) or (11), wherein the first setting is a setting related to use of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting for setting at least one end of the first channel as an unusable resource or a reserved resource. (17) The base station according to (15), wherein the first setting is a setting for setting only an end of the first channel, of both ends thereof, that is adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication, as an unusable resource or a reserved resource. (18) The base station according to any one of (1) to (17), wherein the base station is a satellite station or a terrestrial station that communicates with the terrestrial terminal device via a satellite station. (19) A terminal device comprising: a receiver that receives from a base station setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication; and a setting unit that sets wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the received setting information, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings. (20) A communication method that transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication to a terminal device that performs wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

[0410] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Communication system 10 Management device 20 Ground station 30 Non-ground station 40 Relay station 50 Terminal device 11 Communication unit 21, 31, 41, 51 Wireless communication unit 12, 22, 32, 42, 52 Storage unit 13, 23, 33, 43, 53 Control unit 24, 44 Network communication unit 211, 311, 412, 511 Transmission processing unit 212, 312, 411, 512 Reception processing unit 213, 313, 413, 513 Antenna 231, 331, 431 Generation unit 232, 332, 432, 532 Reception unit 233, 333, 433, 533 Transmission unit 234, 334, 434, 534 Communication control unit 531 Setting unit

Claims

1. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication to a terminal device that performs wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the setting information includes the second setting that is different from the first setting.

3. The base station according to claim 2, wherein the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communications.

4. The base station according to claim 2, wherein the second setting is a setting related to a minimum guard band width of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting that sets the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the second channel to a second minimum guard band width that is wider than the first minimum guard band width of the first channel.

5. The base station according to claim 4, wherein the second setting is a setting in which only the minimum guard band width of the guard band adjacent to the channel used for terrestrial communication, among the guard bands at both ends of the second channel, is set as the second minimum guard band width.

6. The base station according to claim 2, wherein the second setting is a setting relating to the modulation method of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting for setting the modulation method of at least one end of the second channel to a lower order modulation method than the modulation method of a central portion of the second channel.

7. The base station according to claim 6, wherein the second setting is a setting in which only the modulation method at the end of the second channel adjacent to the channel used for terrestrial communication is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method at the center.

8. The base station according to claim 2, wherein the second setting is a setting regarding the use of the second channel, and the second setting includes a setting that sets at least one end of the second channel as an unavailable resource or a reserved resource.

9. The base station according to claim 8, wherein the second setting is a setting in which only the end of the second channel adjacent to the channel used for terrestrial communication is set as an unavailable resource or a reserved resource.

10. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the setting information includes the first setting that is different from the second setting.

11. The base station according to claim 10, wherein the second channel is a channel used for non-terrestrial uplink communications.

12. The base station according to claim 10, wherein the first setting is a setting related to a minimum guard band width of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting that sets the minimum guard band width of at least one guard band of the first channel to a first minimum guard band width that is wider than a second minimum guard band width of the second channel.

13. The base station according to claim 12, wherein the first setting is a setting in which only the minimum guard band width of the guard band adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication, among the guard bands at both ends of the first channel, is set as the first minimum guard band width.

14. The base station according to claim 10, wherein the first setting is a setting relating to the modulation method of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting for setting the modulation method of at least one end of the first channel to a lower order modulation method than the modulation method of a central portion of the first channel.

15. The base station according to claim 14, wherein the first setting is a setting in which only the modulation method at the end of the first channel that is adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication is a lower-order modulation method than the modulation method at the center portion.

16. The base station according to claim 10, wherein the first setting is a setting regarding the use of the first channel, and the first setting includes a setting that sets at least one end of the first channel as an unusable resource or a reserved resource.

17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the first setting is a setting in which only the ends of the first channel that are adjacent to a channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication are set as unavailable resources or reserved resources.

18. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the base station is a satellite station or a terrestrial station that communicates with the terminal device on the ground via a satellite station.

19. A terminal device comprising: a receiving unit that receives from a base station setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication; and a setting unit that sets wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel based on the received setting information, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

20. A communication method comprising transmitting setting information including at least one of a first setting for wireless communication using a first channel used for terrestrial communication and a second setting for wireless communication using a second channel used for non-terrestrial communication or non-terrestrial uplink communication to a terminal device performing wireless communication using the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel and the second channel are adjacent channels, and the first setting and the second setting are different settings.

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