Dynamic Transmission of Synchronization Signal Block

Abstract

A method can include evaluating, by a wireless device, a radio link quality (RLQ) measured within a first period and on one or more first synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of SSBs of a cell. A length of the first period can be based on a first periodicity value of the SSBs. The SSBs can be received on a bandwidth part (BWP) of the cell. The method can also include receiving an indication of a SSB periodicity adaptation to a second periodicity value and evaluating the RLQ measured, on one or more second SSBs of the SSBs of the BWP and within a second period. A length of the second period can be based on the second periodicity value after an application gap of the SSB periodicity adaptation. The method can further include transmitting an uplink indication based on the measured RLQ.

Description

Docket No.: 24-1071PCT TITLE Dynamic Transmission of Synchronization Signal Block CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 569,302, filed March 25, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings.

[0003] FIG.1A and FIG.1B illustrate example mobile communication networks in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0004] FIG.2A and FIG.2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stack.

[0005] FIG.3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG.2A.

[0006] FIG.4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG.2A.

[0007] FIG.4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

[0008] FIG.5A and FIG.5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink and uplink.

[0009] FIG.6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

[0010] FIG.7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped.

[0011] FIG.8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier.

[0012] FIG.9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier.

[0013] FIG.10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers.

[0014] FIG.10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups.

[0015] FIG.11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block structure and location.

[0016] FIG.11B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the time and frequency domains.

[0017] FIG.12A and FIG.12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures.

[0018] FIG.13A, FIG.13B, and FIG.13C respectively illustrate a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

[0019] FIG.14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part.

[0020] FIG.14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

[0021] FIG.15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communication with a base station.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0022] FIG.16A, FIG.16B, FIG.16C, and FIG.16D illustrate example structures for uplink and downlink transmission.

[0023] FIG.17A, FIG.17B, and FIG.17C illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG.18A and FIG.18B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG.19 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG.20 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG.21A and FIG.21B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG.22 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG.23 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG.24A, FIG.24B, and FIG.24C illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG.25 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG.26 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG.27 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG.28 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG.29 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG.30 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG.31 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG.32 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG.33 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG.34 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG.35A and FIG.35B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG.36A and FIG.36B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG.37 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG.38 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG.39 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG.40 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG.41 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG.42 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and / or how the disclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein withoutDocket No.: 24-1071PCT departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of the described exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments within the scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight the functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

[0050] Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosed mechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, a combination of the above, and / or the like. Example criteria may be based, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network node configurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and / or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

[0051] A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wireless devices and / or base stations may support multiple technologies, and / or multiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have some specific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and / or capability(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and / or a subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and / or the like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

[0052] In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any term that ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms “comprises” and “consists of”, as used herein, enumerate one or more components of the element being described. The term “comprises” is interchangeable with “includes” and does not exclude unenumerated components from being included in the element being described. By contrast, “consists of” provides a complete enumeration of the one or more components of the element being described. The term “based on”, as used herein, should be interpreted as “based at least in part on” rather than, forDocket No.: 24-1071PCT example, “based solely on”. The term “and / or” as used herein represents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example, “A, B, and / or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C.

[0053] If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {cell1, cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on” (or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase following the term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “in response at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “depending on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “employing / using” (or equally “employing / using at least”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing / using” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

[0054] The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether the device is in an operational or non- operational state. Configured may refer to specific settings in a device that affect or implement the operational characteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, and / or the like may be “configured” within a device, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state, to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “a control message to cause in a device” may mean that a control message has parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics or may be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0055] In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, or Information elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects, and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

[0056] Many features presented are described as being optional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set of optional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features may be embodiedDocket No.: 24-1071PCT in seven ways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any two of the three possible features or with three of the three possible features.

[0057] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g. hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as a software routine written in a computer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, MATLAB or the like) or a modeling / simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript. It may be possible to implement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digital and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application- specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

[0058] FIG.1A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG.1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

[0059] The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between the wireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 106, and provide charging functionality.

[0060] The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 through radio communications over an air interface. As part of the radio communications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface is known as the downlink and the communication direction from the wireless device 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using frequency division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0061] The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device for which wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, a wirelessDocket No.: 24-1071PCT device may be a telephone, smart phone, tablet, computer, laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, vehicle roadside unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses other terminology, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0062] The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), an Evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), a remote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a Generation Node B (gNB, associated with NR and / or 5G standards), an access point (AP, associated with, for example, Wi-Fi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may comprise at least one gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and at least one a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

[0063] A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the base stations may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive the transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations may provide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographic area to support wireless device mobility.

[0064] In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of base stations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less than three sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled to several remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or as a repeater or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processing unit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be either centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. A repeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from a donor node. A relay node may perform the same / similar functions as a repeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donor node to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radio signal.

[0065] The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell base stations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlap with the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations. The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order of decreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0066] The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 to provide global standardization of specifications for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 in FIG.1A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation (4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network, referred to as next-generation RAN (NG- RAN). Embodiments may be applicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as the RAN 104 in FIG.1A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those of future networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RAN implements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may be provisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0067] FIG.1B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG.1B, mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented and operate in the same or similar manner as corresponding components described with respect to FIG.1A.

[0068] The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs, such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CN 152 may set up end- to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality. Compared to the CN of a 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that offer services via interfaces to other network functions. The network functions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0069] As illustrated in FIG.1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B, which are shown as one component AMF / UPF 158 in FIG.1B for ease of illustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and the one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification to support routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic verification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point for intra- / inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to the one or more DNs, and / or a branching point to support a multi-homed PDUDocket No.: 24-1071PCT session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through a PDU session, which is a logical connection between a UE and a DN.

[0070] The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and / or session management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to the functionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to the functionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

[0071] The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions that are not shown in FIG.1B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), an NR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), and / or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0072] The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radio communications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one or more gNBs, illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively gNBs 160) and / or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be more generically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs 156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). Together, the cells of the gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs 156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

[0073] As shown in FIG.1B, the gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interface and to other base stations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections over an underlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP) transport network. The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interface. For example, as illustrated in FIG.1B, gNB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used by the network elements in FIG.1B to exchange data and signaling messages and may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0074] The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF / UPF 158, by means of one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT The gNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration transfer and / or warning message transmission.

[0075] The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. The ng-eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack.

[0076] The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode known as “non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-plane functionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown in FIG.1B, one gNB or ng-eNB may be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or to load share across the multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0077] As discussed, an interface (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) between the network elements in FIG.1B may be associated with a protocol stack that the network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. A protocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0078] FIG.2A and FIG.2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface that lies between a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks illustrated in FIG.2A and FIG.2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uu interface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown in FIG.1B.

[0079] FIG.2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising five layers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transport services to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise media access control layers (MACs) 212 and 222, radio link control layers (RLCs) 213 and 223, packet data convergence protocol layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and service data application protocol layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, these four protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSI model.

[0080] FIG.3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top of FIG.2A and FIG.3, the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flow handling. The UEDocket No.: 24-1071PCT 210 may receive services through a PDU session, which may be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU session may have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) may map IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and / or error rate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping / de-mapping between the one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers may be determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210 may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received from the gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 may mark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which may be observed by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine the mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.

[0081] The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, ciphering / deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequence delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received in duplicate due to, for example, an intra-gNB handover. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of the packet being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicate packets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require high reliability.

[0082] Although not shown in FIG.3, PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform mapping / de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers provided by the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, is handled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may map / de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cell groups.

[0083] The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 may support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledged mode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode an RLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the noted functions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. As shown in FIG.3, the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLC channels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0084] The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. The multiplexing / demultiplexing may include multiplexing / demultiplexing of data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into / from Transport Blocks (TBs) delivered to / from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC 222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priorityDocket No.: 24-1071PCT handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222) for downlink and uplink. The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured to perform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means of logical channel prioritization, and / or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 may support one or more numerologies and / or transmission timings. In an example, mapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control which numerology and / or transmission timing a logical channel may use. As shown in FIG.3, the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logical channels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

[0085] The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions for sending and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, coding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG.3, the PHYs 211 and 221 may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212 and 222.

[0086] FIG.4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack. FIG.4A illustrates a downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack to generate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depicted in FIG.4A.

[0087] The downlink data flow of FIG.4A begins when SDAP 225 receives the three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers. In FIG.4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to a first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “H” in FIG.4A) is added to an IP packet. The data unit from / to a higher protocol layer is referred to as a service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unit to / from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit (PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG.4A, the data unit from the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is a PDU of the SDAP 225.

[0088] The remaining protocol layers in FIG.4A may perform their associated functionality (e.g., with respect to FIG. 3), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer. For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression and ciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 may optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG.4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex a number of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed across the MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG.4A. In LTE, the MAC subheaders may be entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure may reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

[0089] FIG.4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU. The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheader corresponds; aDocket No.: 24-1071PCT logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifying the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to aid in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0090] FIG.4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG.4B illustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may be inserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (as shown in FIG.4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions. MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for activation / deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel state information (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX) related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access related MAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similar format as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field that indicates the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0091] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well as a mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may be used to carry out functions associated with the NR control plane protocol stack described later below.

[0092] FIG.5A and FIG.5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be used between the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channel that carries control and configuration information in the NR control plane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. A logical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that is dedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may be used by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by the type of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0093] -- a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on a cell level;

[0094] -- a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system information messages in the form of a master information block (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain information about how a cell is configured and how to operate within the cell;

[0095] -- a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages together with random access;

[0096] -- a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages to / from a specific the UE to configure the UE; and

[0097] -- a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data to / from a specific the UE.

[0098] Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR includes, for example:Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0099] -- a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that originated from the PCCH;

[0100] -- a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;

[0101] -- a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;

[0102] -- an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages; and

[0103] -- a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the network without any prior scheduling.

[0104] The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying the information of one or more transport channels. The PHY may generate control information to support the low-level operation of the PHY and provide the control information to the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known as L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0105] -- a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCH;

[0106] -- a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging messages from the PCH;

[0107] -- a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands;

[0108] -- a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages from the UL- SCH and in some instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;

[0109] -- a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and scheduling requests (SR); and

[0110] -- a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0111] Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operation of the physical layer. As shown in FIG.5A and FIG.5B, the physical layer signals defined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), sounding reference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

[0112] FIG.2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shown in FIG.2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221, the MACs 212 and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead of having the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resource controls (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0113] The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the CN. The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is no direct path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NAS messages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported using the AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0114] The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the RAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred to as RRC messages. RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 and the RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex control-plane and user-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or the RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and / or NAS message transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216 and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring parameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN.

[0115] FIG.6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. The UE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted in FIG.1A, the UE 210 depicted in FIG.2A and FIG.2B, or any other wireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG.6, a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

[0116] In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104 depicted in FIG.1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG.1B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG.2A and FIG.2B, or any other base station described in the present disclosure. The base station with which the UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logical channel, QoS flow, and / or PDU session); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. While in RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN (e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signal levels (e.g., referenceDocket No.: 24-1071PCT signal levels) from a serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE’s serving base station may request a handover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected 602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRC inactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

[0117] In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for the majority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 through a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

[0118] In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established is maintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fast transition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead as compared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. While in RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through a connection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connection release procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connection release procedure 608.

[0119] An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. In RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE of an event via a paging message without having to broadcast the paging message over the entire mobile communications network. The mobility management mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allow the network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the paging message may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UE currently resides within instead of the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so using different granularities of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within a group of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by a tracking area identifier (TAI).

[0120] Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE may perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE’s location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0121] RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRC inactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. A RAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a list of RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the UE’s RAN notification area.

[0122] A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving base station of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. An anchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at least during a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area of the anchor base station and / or during a period of time that the UE stays in RRC inactive 606.

[0123] A gNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG.1B, may be split into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU may be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU may comprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY.

[0124] In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed with respect to FIG.5A and FIG.5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) or M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols, and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbol streams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain and used as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block may take in F source symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbol streams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be F time-domain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) and up-conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block may be transmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in the uplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0125] FIG.7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a period of 1024 frames. As illustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration and may include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may be divided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0126] The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDM symbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrier spacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down by powers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 µs. For example, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 µs; 30 kHz / 2.3 µs; 60 kHz / 1.2 µs; 120 kHz / 0.59 µs; and 240 kHz / 0.29 µs.

[0127] A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slot duration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG.7 illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration and slots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG.7 for ease of illustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerology- independent time reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplink and downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency, scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start at any OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for a transmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to as mini-slot or subslot transmissions.

[0128] FIG.8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain as shown in FIG.8. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG.8. An NR carrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275×12 = 3300 subcarriers. Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHz per carrier bandwidth limit.

[0129] FIG.8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entire bandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple numerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

[0130] NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UE power consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE’s receive bandwidth based on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This is referred to as bandwidth adaptation.

[0131] NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable of receiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset of contiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of theDocket No.: 24-1071PCT configured BWPs for a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referred to as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or more first active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

[0132] For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expect that a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a center frequency for an uplink BWP.

[0133] For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE may find control information. The search space may be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality of UEs). For example, a base station may configure a UE with a common search space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in an active downlink BWP.

[0134] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in a downlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE may transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0135] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink Control Information (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0136] A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with a PCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP to the UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP. The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0137] A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for a PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectra operation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWP for an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI during an interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0138] In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to a second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP as an active BWP and / or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0139] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers to switching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or an initiation of random access.

[0140] FIG.9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In the example illustrated in FIG.9, the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP 902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP. The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example of FIG.9, the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at a switching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

[0141] If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures for switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same / similar as those on a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and the default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner as the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

[0142] To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can be aggregated and simultaneously transmitted to / from the same UE using carrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number of serving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have three configurations in the frequency domain.

[0143] FIG.10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In the intraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directly adjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in the frequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency band B).Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0144] In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs may have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA may have a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionally configured for a serving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0145] When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UE initially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment, and / or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobility information and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell may be configured through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as a downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0146] Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCell may mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped and PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. Configured SCells may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect to FIG.4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may be deactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0147] Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known as self-scheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on another cell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, such as CQI, PMI, and / or RI) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0148] FIG.10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCH group 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In the example of FIG.10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: a PCell 1011, an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051, an SCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as a PCell 1021, an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as a primary SCell (PSCell) 1061, an SCell 1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, andDocket No.: 24-1071PCT UCI 1033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1050, shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PSCell 1061. In an example, if the aggregated cells depicted in FIG.10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and the PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to the downlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividing transmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061, overloading may be prevented.

[0149] A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier, may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physical cell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and / or an uplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used. A physical cell ID may be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink component carrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In the disclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when the disclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same / similar concept may apply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may mean that a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

[0150] In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In an example, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell. A transport block may be generated per assignment / grant per serving cell. A transport block and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may be mapped to a serving cell.

[0151] In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, as shown in FIG.5A). In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, as shown in FIG.5B). The PSS and the SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station may periodically transmit a burst of SS / PBCH blocks.

[0152] FIG.11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block's structure and location. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG.11A). Bursts may be transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may be restricted to a half-frame (e.g., a first half-frame having a duration of 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG.11A is an example, and that these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity of bursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on, for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS / PBCH block is transmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; a configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacing for the SS / PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored, unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0153] The SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG.11A) and may span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguous subcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across the next 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0154] The location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domains may not be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). To find and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for the PSS. For example, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. If the PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier, as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at a location in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, based on a known structure of the SS / PBCH block, the locations of the SSS and the PBCH, respectively. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell- defining SS block (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with a CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In an example, a cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD- SSB.

[0155] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS and the SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frame boundary of the cell based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted in accordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS / PBCH block in the transmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

[0156] The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of the cell and / or a SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may facilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCH may include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE with one or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locate remaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). The SIB1 may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may be used to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The SIB1 may be decoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate an absence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1, the UE may be pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS / PBCH block at the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

[0157] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with a same SS / PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g., having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay,Docket No.: 24-1071PCT and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions having different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0158] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coverage area of the cell). In an example, a first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0159] In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station may transmit a plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of a first SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks may be different from a second PCI of a second SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequency locations may be different or the same.

[0160] The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to acquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configure the UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measure the one or more CSI-RSs. The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may use feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0161] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with a location in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate a CSI-RS resource. The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in the CSI-RS resource set is activated and / or deactivated.

[0162] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE may be configured with a timing and / or periodicity of a plurality of CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSI report. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure a configured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to the measurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station may configure the UE to transmit periodically, and selectively activate or deactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UE with a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0163] The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set (CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of the physical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of PRBs configured for the SS / PBCH blocks.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0164] Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. A front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi- statically configure the UE with a number (e.g. a maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multiuser-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence may be the same or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and a corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use the one or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0165] In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precoder matrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrix and the second precoder matrix may be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assume that a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0166] A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

[0167] Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for phase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not may depend on an RRC configuration. The presence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support a plurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0168] The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UEDocket No.: 24-1071PCT may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to a range of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support a front- loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g. maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH, which the UE may use to schedule a single-symbol DMRS and / or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR network may support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence for the DMRS may be the same or different.

[0169] A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit at least one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to three DMRSs for the PUSCH.

[0170] Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase tracking and / or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending on an RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and / or pattern of uplink PT- RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRC signaling and / or one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time / frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE.

[0171] SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A scheduler at the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station may configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, an SRS resource in an SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., with the same / similar time domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic, and / or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g., simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRS resource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, whereinDocket No.: 24-1071PCT the one or more trigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed for the UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured to transmit SRS after a transmission of a PUSCH and a corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0172] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRS resource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domain behavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini- slot, and / or subframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and / or an aperiodic SRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a starting OFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hopping bandwidth; a cyclic shift; and / or an SRS sequence ID.

[0173] An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, and / or the like) for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. A first antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasi co- located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; an average gain; an average delay; and / or spatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

[0174] Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam management may comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink reference signals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlink beam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a base station.

[0175] FIG.11B illustrates an example of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. A square shown in FIG.11B may span a resource block (RB) within a bandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRC messages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configuration identity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in a radio frame), a CSI-RS powerDocket No.: 24-1071PCT parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, a code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, a transmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn- subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0176] The three beams illustrated in FIG.11B may be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG.11B (beam #1, beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam #1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1103 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a base station may use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with a beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beams used for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbols from beams of other UEs.

[0177] CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG.11B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE may report the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, the base station may determine, based on the reported measurement results, one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states comprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have a capability of beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of a transmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured to the UE by the base station. The base station may select and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of the one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0178] In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) a channel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair link comprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and a receiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications (e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or a rank indicator (RI).

[0179] FIG.12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam management procedures: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement on transmit (Tx) beams of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs),Docket No.: 24-1071PCT e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of P1). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used to enable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row of P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping an Rx beam at the UE.

[0180] FIG.12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam management procedures: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a base station to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support a selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U1). Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at the base station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2 may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

[0181] A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based on detecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and / or the like) based on the initiation of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failure based on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of an associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and / or the like).

[0182] The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of a block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station may indicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, and / or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs of the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, and / or the like) from a transmission via theDocket No.: 24-1071PCT RS resource to the UE are similar or the same as the channel characteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

[0183] A network (e.g., a gNB and / or an ng-eNB of a network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRC_IDLE state and / or an RRC_INACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request a connection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random access procedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and / or acquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status is non-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, and / or the like). The UE may initiate the random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. A network may initiate a random access procedure for a handover and / or for establishing time alignment for an SCell addition.

[0184] FIG.13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random access procedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedure illustrated in FIG.13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 11311, a Msg 21312, a Msg 31313, and a Msg 41314. The Msg 1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or a random access preamble). The Msg 21312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0185] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more random access channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon); and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED state and / or in an RRC_INACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the one or more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and / or an uplink transmit power for transmission of the Msg 11311 and / or the Msg 31313. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 21312 and the Msg 41314.

[0186] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions available for transmission of the Msg 11311. The one or more PRACH occasions may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RSs. For example, the one or more RACH parameters mayDocket No.: 24-1071PCT indicate a number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to a PRACH occasion and / or a number of preambles mapped to a SS / PBCH blocks.

[0187] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 11311 and / or Msg 31313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a received target power and / or an initial power of the preamble transmission). There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a power ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between transmissions of the Msg 11311 and the Msg 31313; and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which the UE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., an SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0188] The Msg 11311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRC message may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathloss measurement and / or a size of the Msg 31313. The UE may measure an RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) and determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UE may select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or a selected preamble group, for example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message.

[0189] The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, the UE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRP measurement, and / or a size of the Msg 31313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). A base station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UE with an association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs). If the association is configured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 1 1311 based on the association. The Msg 11311 may be transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) for selection of the preamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and / or ra-OccasionList) may indicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or more reference signals.

[0190] The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is received following a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplink transmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select an initial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and / or a target received preamble power configured by the network.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT The UE may determine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preamble retransmission. The ramping step may be an amount of incremental increase in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may ramp up the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) that is the same as a previous preamble transmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE may determine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, for example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax).

[0191] The Msg 21312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios, the Msg 21312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs. The Msg 21312 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 11311. The Msg 21312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and indicated on a PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 21312 may indicate that the Msg 11311 was received by the base station. The Msg 21312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used by the UE to adjust the UE’s transmission timing, a scheduling grant for transmission of the Msg 31313, and / or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 21312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion that the UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start the time window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on a numerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (e.g., a Type1-PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UE may identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating the random access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UE transmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index; and / or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example of RA-RNTI may be as follows:

[0192] RA-RNTI= 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id, where s_id may be an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (e.g., 0 ≤ s_id < 14), t_id may be an index of a first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (e.g., 0 ≤ t_id < 80), f_id may be an index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 ≤ f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

[0193] The UE may transmit the Msg 31313 in response to a successful reception of the Msg 21312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 21312). The Msg 31313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example, the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG.13A. In some scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to a base station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds to a UE. Collisions mayDocket No.: 24-1071PCT occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg 31313 and the Msg 41314) may be used to increase the likelihood that the UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in the Msg 31313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in the Msg 21312, and / or any other suitable identifier).

[0194] The Msg 41314 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 31313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 31313, the base station will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in the Msg 31313 (e.g., if the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 41314 will be received using a DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwise corresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg 31313, the UE may determine that the contention resolution is successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0195] The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random access procedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a base station may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: one for an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate which carrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, for example, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lower than a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random access procedure (e.g., the Msg 11311 and / or the Msg 31313) may remain on the selected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between the Msg 11311 and the Msg 31313) in one or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and / or switch an uplink carrier for the Msg 11311 and / or the Msg 31313 based on a channel clear assessment (e.g., a listen- before-talk).

[0196] FIG.13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure. Similar to the four-step contention- based random access procedure illustrated in FIG.13A, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. The configuration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG.13B comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 21322. The Msg 11321 and the Msg 21322 may be analogous in some respects to the Msg 11311 and a Msg 21312 illustrated in FIG.13A, respectively. As will be understood from FIGS.13A and 13B, the contention- free random access procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 31313 and / or the Msg 41314.

[0197] The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG.13B may be initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, a base station may indicate or assign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 11321. The UE may receive, from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC, an indication of a preamble (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex).Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0198] After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in a search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The UE may monitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In the contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG.13B, the UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes after or in response to transmission of Msg 11321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 21322. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the RAR comprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE may determine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SI request.

[0199] FIG.13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similar to the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS.13A and 13B, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG.13C comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

[0200] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A 1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 31313 illustrated in FIG.13A. The transport block 1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK / NACK, and / or the like). The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmitting the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 21312 (e.g., an RAR) illustrated in FIGS.13A and 13B and / or the Msg 41314 illustrated in FIG.13A.

[0201] The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG.13C for licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine, based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and / or the like); whether the UE has valid TA or not; a cell size; the UE’s RRC state; a type of spectrum (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0202] The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330, a radio resource and / or an uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in the Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and coding schemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and / or a power control for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resource for transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and a time-frequency resource for transmission of the transportDocket No.: 24-1071PCT block 1342 (e.g., a PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for monitoring for and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0203] The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), an identifier of the UE, security information, and / or device information (e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and / or an MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI). The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 is matched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and / or the identifier of the UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A 1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

[0204] A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The control signaling may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., layer 2). The control signaling may comprise downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0205] The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink scheduling assignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resources and / or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemption indication; a power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in a payload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

[0206] A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of the UE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusive OR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0207] DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or a system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFE” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the system information. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFF” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamically scheduled unicast transmission and / or a triggering of PDCCH-ordered random access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g., a Msg 3 analogous to the Msg 31313Docket No.: 24-1071PCT illustrated in FIG.13A). Other RNTIs configured to the UE by a base station may comprise a Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), and / or the like.

[0208] Depending on the purpose and / or content of a DCI, the base station may transmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 0_1 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 1_1 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of a physical resource block and / or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume no transmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used for transmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for new functions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may have different DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

[0209] After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCI with channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling and / or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements used and / or configured for a PDCCH. Based on a payload size of the DCI and / or a coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number of contiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguous CCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) of resource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block in an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on the resource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0210] FIG.14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise a time- frequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In the example of FIG.14A, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs at a third symbol in the slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot. CORESETs may have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

[0211] FIG.14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequencyDocket No.: 24-1071PCT diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purposes of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency- selective transmission of control channels). The base station may perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs. A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRC configuration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasi co-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicate QCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0212] The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an association between a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set may comprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoring periodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the UE; and / or whether a search space set is a common search space set or a UE- specific search space set. A set of CCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set of CCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on the UE’s identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0213] As shown in FIG.14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource for a CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of search space sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats. Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCH candidates in common search spaces, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determine a DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambled bits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE may process information contained in the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment, an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlink preemption, and / or the like).

[0214] The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements for received DL- SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplink control signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI) indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on the received CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlinkDocket No.: 24-1071PCT transmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via a PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0215] There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH format based on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCI transmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may transmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) is one or two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or two OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

[0216] The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for a plurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. The plurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may be configured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCH resources with a PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCH resource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and / or a number (e.g. a maximum number) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of the plurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configured with a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of the plurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ- ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select a first PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “0”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two and less than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select a second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “1”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the first configured value and less than or equal to a second configured value, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the second configured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0217] After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCH resource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in a DCI (e.g., with a DCI format 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. A three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ- ACK, CSI and / or SR) using a PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

[0218] FIG.15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 in communication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobile communication network 100 illustrated in FIG.1A, the mobile communication network 150 illustrated in FIG.1B, or any other communication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are illustrated in FIG.15, but it will be understood that a mobile communication network may include more than one UE and / or more than one base station, with the same or similar configuration as those shown in FIG.15.

[0219] The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using FDD, TDD, and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0220] In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from the base station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system 1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent to the base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided to the processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 and layer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer, for example, with respect to FIG.2A, FIG.2B, FIG.3, and FIG.4A. Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG.2B.

[0221] After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and the transmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG.2A, FIG. 2B, FIG.3, and FIG.4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0222] At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receive the uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wireless device 1502, a reception processing system 1522 may receive the downlink transmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system 1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG.2A, FIG.2B, FIG.3, and FIG.4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physical channels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0223] As shown in FIG.15, a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, the wireless device 1502 and / or the base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0224] The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may be associated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may be executed by the processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 to carry out one or more of the functionalities discussed in the present application. Although not shown in FIG.15, the transmission processing system 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the reception processing system 1512, and / or the reception processing system 1522 may be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that may be executed to carry out one or more of their respective functionalities.

[0225] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may comprise one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may comprise, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, an on-board unit, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal coding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that may enable the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0226] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals 1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or more peripherals 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, an electronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a camera, and / or the like). TheDocket No.: 24-1071PCT processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may receive user input data from and / or provide user output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and / or the one or more peripherals 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 may receive power from a power source and / or may be configured to distribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, for example, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527, respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide geographic location information of the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

[0227] FIG.16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. A baseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or CP- OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated by FIG.16A. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0228] FIG.16B illustrates an example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0229] FIG.16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions. A baseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling of coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex- valued modulation symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time- domain OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0230] FIG.16D illustrates another example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0231] A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages (e.g. RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of cells (e.g. primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g. two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one or more messages (e.g. as a part of the configuration parameters) may comprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, and RRC layers for configuring the wireless device. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.

[0232] A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running until it is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g. the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may be started from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration of a timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., due to BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a time period / window for a process. When the specification refers to an implementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will be understood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or more timers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of the multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a time period / window for the procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving a random access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry (or expiration) of a random access response window timer, the time difference between two time stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process for measurement of time window may be restarted. Other example implementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a time window.

[0233] A base station may transmit one or more MAC PDUs to a wireless device. In an example, a MAC PDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, bit strings may be represented by tables in which the most significant bit is the leftmost bit of the first line of the table, and the least significant bit is the rightmost bit on the last line of the table. More generally, the bit string may be read from left to right and then in the reading order of the lines. In an example, the bit order of a parameter field within a MAC PDU is represented with the first and most significant bit in the leftmost bit and the last and least significant bit in the rightmost bit.

[0234] In an example, a MAC SDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MAC SDU may be included in a MAC PDU from the first bit onward. A MAC CE may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. A MAC subheader may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MAC subheader may be placed immediately in front of a corresponding MAC SDU, MAC CE, or padding. A MAC entity may ignore the value of reserved bits in a DL MAC PDU.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0235] In an example, a MAC PDU may comprise one or more MAC subPDUs. A MAC subPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise: a MAC subheader only (including padding); a MAC subheader and a MAC SDU; a MAC subheader and a MAC CE; a MAC subheader and padding, or a combination thereof. The MAC SDU may be of variable size. A MAC subheader may correspond to a MAC SDU, a MAC CE, or padding.

[0236] In an example, when a MAC subheader corresponds to a MAC SDU, a variable-sized MAC CE, or padding, the MAC subheader may comprise: an R field with a one-bit length; an F field with a one-bit length; an LCID field with a multi-bit length; an L field with a multi-bit length, or a combination thereof.

[0237] FIG.17A shows an example of a MAC subheader with an R field, an F field, an LCID field, and an L field. In the example MAC subheader of FIG.17A, the LCID field may be six bits in length, and the L field may be eight bits in length. FIG.17B shows an example of a MAC subheader with an R field, an F field, an LCID field, and an L field. In the example MAC subheader shown in FIG.17B, the LCID field may be six bits in length, and the L field may be sixteen bits in length. When a MAC subheader corresponds to a fixed sized MAC CE or padding, the MAC subheader may comprise: an R field with a two-bit length and an LCID field with a multi-bit length. FIG.17C shows an example of a MAC subheader with an R field and an LCID field. In the example MAC subheader shown in FIG.17C, the LCID field may be six bits in length, and the R field may be two bits in length.

[0238] FIG.18A shows an example of a DL MAC PDU. Multiple MAC CEs, such as MAC CE 1 and 2, may be placed together. A MAC subPDU, comprising a MAC CE, may be placed before: a MAC subPDU comprising a MAC SDU, or a MAC subPDU comprising padding. FIG.18B shows an example of a UL MAC PDU. Multiple MAC CEs, such as MAC CE 1 and 2, may be placed together. In an embodiment, a MAC subPDU comprising a MAC CE may be placed after all MAC subPDUs comprising a MAC SDU. In addition, the MAC subPDU may be placed before a MAC subPDU comprising padding.

[0239] In an example, a MAC entity of a base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs to a MAC entity of a wireless device. FIG.19 shows an example of multiple LCIDs that may be associated with the one or more MAC CEs. The one or more MAC CEs comprise at least one of: a SP ZP CSI-RS Resource Set Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, a PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, a SP SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, a SP CSI reporting on PUCCH Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, a TCI State Indication for UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE, a TCI State Indication for UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE, an Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselection MAC CE, a SP CSI- RS / CSI-IM Resource Set Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, a wireless device contention resolution identity MAC CE, a timing advance command MAC CE, a DRX command MAC CE, a Long DRX command MAC CE, an SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE (1 Octet), an SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE (4 Octet), and / or a duplication activation / deactivation MAC CE. In an example, a MAC CE, such as a MAC CE transmitted by a MAC entity of a base station to a MAC entity of a wireless device, may have an LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. Different MAC CE may have different LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. For example, anDocket No.: 24-1071PCT LCID given by 111011 in a MAC subheader may indicate that a MAC CE associated with the MAC subheader is a long DRX command MAC CE.

[0240] In an example, the MAC entity of the wireless device may transmit to the MAC entity of the base station one or more MAC CEs. FIG.20 shows an example of the one or more MAC CEs. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise at least one of: a short buffer status report (BSR) MAC CE, a beam failure recovery (BFR) MAC CE, a truncated BFR MAC CE, a truncated enhanced BFR MAC CE, a long BSR MAC CE, a C-RNTI MAC CE, a configured grant confirmation MAC CE, a single entry PHR MAC CE, a multiple entry PHR MAC CE, a short truncated BSR, and / or a long truncated BSR etc. In an example, a MAC CE may have an LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. Different MAC CE may have different LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. For example, an LCID given by 43 in a MAC subheader may indicate that a MAC CE associated with the MAC subheader is a truncated enhanced BFR MAC CE.

[0241] In carrier aggregation (CA), two or more component carriers (CCs) may be aggregated. A CC may interchangeably be called serving carrier frequency or serving carrier or simply carrier frequency. A wireless device may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or more CCs, depending on capabilities of the wireless device, using the technique of CA. In an embodiment, a wireless device may support CA for contiguous CCs and / or for non-contiguous CCs. CCs may be organized into cells. For example, CCs may be organized into one primary cell (PCell) and one or more secondary cells (SCells). When configured with CA, a wireless device may have one RRC connection with a network. During an RRC connection establishment / re-establishment / handover, a cell providing NAS mobility information may be a serving cell. During an RRC connection re-establishment / handover procedure, a cell providing a security input may be a serving cell. In an example, the serving cell may denote a PCell. In an example, a base station may transmit, to a wireless device, one or more messages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of one or more SCells, depending on capabilities of the wireless device.

[0242] When configured with CA, a base station and / or a wireless device may employ an activation / deactivation mechanism of an SCell to improve battery or power consumption of the wireless device. When a wireless device is configured with one or more SCells, a base station may activate or deactivate at least one of the one or more SCells. Upon configuration of an SCell, the SCell may be deactivated unless an SCell state associated with the SCell is set to “activated” or “dormant”.

[0243] A wireless device may activate / deactivate an SCell in response to receiving an SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE. In an example, a base station may transmit, to a wireless device, one or more messages comprising an SCell timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer). In an example, a wireless device may deactivate an SCell in response to an expiry of the SCell timer.

[0244] When a wireless device receives an SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE activating an SCell, the wireless device may activate the SCell. In response to the activating the SCell, the wireless device may perform operations comprising SRS transmissions on the SCell; CQI / PMI / RI / CRI reporting for the SCell; PDCCH monitoring on the SCell;Docket No.: 24-1071PCT PDCCH monitoring for the SCell; and / or PUCCH transmissions on the SCell. In response to the activating the SCell, the wireless device may start or restart a first SCell timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer) associated with the SCell. The wireless device may start or restart the first SCell timer in the slot when the SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE activating the SCell has been received. In an example, in response to the activating the SCell, the wireless device may (re-)initialize one or more suspended configured uplink grants of a configured grant Type 1 associated with the SCell according to a stored configuration. In an example, in response to activating the SCell, the wireless device may trigger PHR.

[0245] When a wireless device receives an SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE deactivating an activated SCell, the wireless device may deactivate the activated SCell. In an example, when a first SCell timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer) associated with an activated SCell expires, the wireless device may deactivate the activated SCell. In response to the deactivating the activated SCell, the wireless device may stop the first SCell timer associated with the activated SCell. In an example, in response to the deactivating the activated SCell, the wireless device may clear one or more configured downlink assignments and / or one or more configured uplink grants of a configured uplink grant Type 2 associated with the activated SCell. In an example, in response to the deactivating the activated SCell, the wireless device may: suspend one or more configured uplink grants of a configured uplink grant Type 1 associated with the activated SCell; and / or flush HARQ buffers associated with the activated SCell.

[0246] When an SCell is deactivated, a wireless device may not perform operations comprising: transmitting SRS on the SCell; reporting CQI / PMI / RI / CRI for the SCell; transmitting on UL-SCH on the SCell; transmitting on RACH on the SCell; monitoring at least one first PDCCH on the SCell; monitoring at least one second PDCCH for the SCell; and / or transmitting a PUCCH on the SCell. When at least one first PDCCH on an activated SCell indicates an uplink grant or a downlink assignment, a wireless device may restart a first SCell timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer) associated with the activated SCell. In an example, when at least one second PDCCH on a serving cell (e.g., a PCell or an SCell configured with PUCCH, i.e., PUCCH SCell) scheduling the activated SCell indicates an uplink grant or a downlink assignment for the activated SCell, a wireless device may restart the first SCell timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer) associated with the activated SCell. In an example, when an SCell is deactivated, if there is an ongoing random access procedure on the SCell, a wireless device may abort the ongoing random access procedure on the SCell.

[0247] FIG.21A shows an example of an SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of one octet. A first MAC PDU subheader with a first LCID (e.g., ‘111010’ as shown in FIG.19) may identify the SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of one octet. The SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of one octet may have a fixed size. The SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of one octet may comprise a single octet. The single octet may comprise a first number of C-fields (e.g., seven) and a second number of R-fields (e.g., one).

[0248] FIG.21B shows an example of an SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of four octets. A second MAC PDU subheader with a second LCID (e.g., ‘111001’ as shown in FIG.19) may identify the SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of four octets. The SCell Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of four octets may have a fixed size. The SCellDocket No.: 24-1071PCT Activation / Deactivation MAC CE of four octets may comprise four octets. The four octets may comprise a third number of C-fields (e.g., 31) and a fourth number of R-fields (e.g., 1).

[0249] In FIG.21A and / or FIG.21B, a Ci field may indicate an activation / deactivation status of an SCell with an SCell index i if an SCell with SCell index i is configured. In an example, when the Ci field is set to one, an SCell with an SCell index i may be activated. In an example, when the Ci field is set to zero, an SCell with an SCell index i may be deactivated. In an example, if there is no SCell configured with SCell index i, the wireless device may ignore the Ci field. In FIG.21A and FIG.21B, an R field may indicate a reserved bit. The R field may be set to zero.

[0250] A base station may configure a wireless device with uplink (UL) bandwidth parts (BWPs) and downlink (DL) BWPs to enable bandwidth adaptation (BA) on a PCell. If carrier aggregation is configured, the base station may further configure the wireless device with at least DL BWP(s) (i.e., there may be no UL BWPs in the UL) to enable BA on an SCell. For the PCell, an initial active BWP may be a first BWP used for initial access. For the SCell, a first active BWP may be a second BWP configured for the wireless device to operate on the SCell upon the SCell being activated. In paired spectrum (e.g., FDD), a base station and / or a wireless device may independently switch a DL BWP and an UL BWP. In unpaired spectrum (e.g., TDD), a base station and / or a wireless device may simultaneously switch a DL BWP and an UL BWP.

[0251] In an example, a base station and / or a wireless device may switch a BWP between configured BWPs by means of a DCI or a BWP inactivity timer. When the BWP inactivity timer is configured for a serving cell, the base station and / or the wireless device may switch an active BWP to a default BWP in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer associated with the serving cell. The default BWP may be configured by the network. In an example, for FDD systems, when configured with BA, one UL BWP for each uplink carrier and one DL BWP may be active at a time in an active serving cell. In an example, for TDD systems, one DL / UL BWP pair may be active at a time in an active serving cell. Operating on the one UL BWP and the one DL BWP (or the one DL / UL pair) may improve wireless device battery consumption. BWPs other than the one active UL BWP and the one active DL BWP that the wireless device may work on may be deactivated. On deactivated BWPs, the wireless device may: not monitor PDCCH; and / or not transmit on PUCCH, PRACH, and UL-SCH.

[0252] In an example, a serving cell may be configured with at most a first number (e.g., four) of BWPs. In an example, for an activated serving cell, there may be one active BWP at any point in time. In an example, a BWP switching for a serving cell may be used to activate an inactive BWP and deactivate an active BWP at a time. In an example, the BWP switching may be controlled by a PDCCH indicating a downlink assignment or an uplink grant. In an example, the BWP switching may be controlled by a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., bwp-InactivityTimer). In an example, the BWP switching may be controlled by a MAC entity in response to initiating a Random Access procedure. Upon addition of an SpCell or activation of an SCell, one BWP may be initially active without receiving a PDCCH indicating a downlink assignment or an uplink grant. The active BWP for a serving cell may be indicated by RRC and / or PDCCH. In anDocket No.: 24-1071PCT example, for unpaired spectrum, a DL BWP may be paired with a UL BWP, and BWP switching may be common for both UL and DL.

[0253] FIG.22 shows an example of BWP switching on a cell (e.g., PCell or SCell). In an example, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, at least one RRC message comprising parameters of a cell and one or more BWPs associated with the cell. The RRC message may comprise: RRC connection reconfiguration message (e.g., RRCReconfiguration); RRC connection reestablishment message (e.g., RRCReestablishment); and / or RRC connection setup message (e.g., RRCSetup). Among the one or more BWPs, at least one BWP may be configured as the first active BWP (e.g., BWP 1), one BWP as the default BWP (e.g., BWP 0). The wireless device may receive a command (e.g., RRC message, MAC CE or DCI) to activate the cell at an nth slot. In case the cell is a PCell, the wireless device may not receive the command activating the cell, for example, the wireless device may activate the PCell once the wireless device receives RRC message comprising configuration parameters of the PCell. The wireless device may start monitoring a PDCCH on BWP 1 in response to activating the cell.

[0254] In an example, the wireless device may start (or restart) a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., bwp-InactivityTimer) at an mthslot in response to receiving a DCI indicating DL assignment on BWP 1. The wireless device may switch back to the default BWP (e.g., BWP 0) as an active BWP when the BWP inactivity timer expires, at sthslot. The wireless device may deactivate the cell and / or stop the BWP inactivity timer when the sCellDeactivationTimer expires (e.g., if the cell is a SCell). In response to the cell being a PCell, the wireless device may not deactivate the cell and may not apply the sCellDeactivationTimer on the PCell.

[0255] In an example, a MAC entity may apply normal operations on an active BWP for an activated serving cell configured with a BWP comprising: transmitting on UL-SCH; transmitting on RACH; monitoring a PDCCH; transmitting PUCCH; receiving DL-SCH; and / or (re-) initializing any suspended configured uplink grants of configured grant Type 1 according to a stored configuration, if any.

[0256] In an example, on an inactive BWP for each activated serving cell configured with a BWP, a MAC entity may: not transmit on UL-SCH; not transmit on RACH; not monitor a PDCCH; not transmit PUCCH; not transmit SRS, not receive DL-SCH; clear any configured downlink assignment and configured uplink grant of configured grant Type 2; and / or suspend any configured uplink grant of configured Type 1.

[0257] In an example, if a MAC entity receives a PDCCH for a BWP switching of a serving cell while a Random Access procedure associated with this serving cell is not ongoing, a wireless device may perform the BWP switching to a BWP indicated by the PDCCH. In an example, if a bandwidth part indicator field is configured in DCI format 1_1, the bandwidth part indicator field value may indicate the active DL BWP, from the configured DL BWP set, for DL receptions. In an example, if a bandwidth part indicator field is configured in DCI format 0_1, the bandwidth part indicator field value may indicate the active UL BWP, from the configured UL BWP set, for UL transmissions.

[0258] In an example, for a primary cell, a wireless device may be provided by a higher layer parameter Default-DL- BWP a default DL BWP among the configured DL BWPs. If a wireless device is not provided a default DL BWP by theDocket No.: 24-1071PCT higher layer parameter Default-DL-BWP, the default DL BWP is the initial active DL BWP. In an example, a wireless device may be provided by higher layer parameter bwp-InactivityTimer, a timer value for the primary cell. If configured, the wireless device may increment the timer, if running, every interval of 1 millisecond for frequency range 1 or every 0.5 milliseconds for frequency range 2 if the wireless device may not detect a DCI format 1_1 for paired spectrum operation or if the wireless device may not detect a DCI format 1_1 or DCI format 0_1 for unpaired spectrum operation during the interval.

[0259] In an example, if a wireless device is configured for a secondary cell with higher layer parameter Default-DL- BWP indicating a default DL BWP among the configured DL BWPs and the wireless device is configured with higher layer parameter bwp-InactivityTimer indicating a timer value, the wireless device procedures on the secondary cell may be same as on the primary cell using the timer value for the secondary cell and the default DL BWP for the secondary cell.

[0260] In an example, if a wireless device is configured by higher layer parameter Active-BWP-DL-SCell a first active DL BWP and by higher layer parameter Active-BWP-UL-SCell a first active UL BWP on a secondary cell or carrier, the wireless device may use the indicated DL BWP and the indicated UL BWP on the secondary cell as the respective first active DL BWP and first active UL BWP on the secondary cell or carrier.

[0261] In an example, a set of PDCCH candidates for a wireless device to monitor is defined in terms of PDCCH search space sets. A search space set comprises a CSS set or a USS set. A wireless device monitors PDCCH candidates in one or more of the following search spaces sets: a Type0-PDCCH CSS set configured by pdcch- ConfigSIB1 in MIB or by searchSpaceSIB1 in PDCCH-ConfigCommon or by searchSpaceZero in PDCCH- ConfigCommon for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI on the primary cell of the MCG, a Type0A-PDCCH CSS set configured by searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation in PDCCH-ConfigCommon for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI on the primary cell of the MCG, a Type1-PDCCH CSS set configured by ra-SearchSpace in PDCCH-ConfigCommon for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a RA-RNTI, a MsgB-RNTI, or a TC-RNTI on the primary cell, a Type2-PDCCH CSS set configured by pagingSearchSpace in PDCCH-ConfigCommon for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a P-RNTI on the primary cell of the MCG, a Type3-PDCCH CSS set configured by SearchSpace in PDCCH-Config with searchSpaceType = common for DCI formats with CRC scrambled by INT-RNTI, SFI-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-SRS-RNTI, CI-RNTI, or PS-RNTI and, only for the primary cell, C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, or CS-RNTI(s), and a USS set configured by SearchSpace in PDCCH-Config with searchSpaceType = ue-Specific for DCI formats with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI, CS- RNTI(s), SL-RNTI, SL-CS-RNTI, or SL-L-CS-RNTI.

[0262] In an example, a wireless device determines a PDCCH monitoring occasion on an active DL BWP based on one or more PDCCH configuration parameters (e.g., based on example embodiment of FIG.27 which will be described later) comprising: a PDCCH monitoring periodicity, a PDCCH monitoring offset, and a PDCCH monitoring pattern within a slot. For a search space set (SS s), the wireless device determines that a PDCCH monitoring occasion(s) exists in aDocket No.: 24-1071PCT slot with number ^^in a frame with number ^ if ^ ⋅ ^frame,^ + ^^ − ^ ^^^ frame,^^,^ ^ ^ ^ slot ^,^ ^^ ^^ = 0. ^slot is a number ofslots in a frame when numerology µ is configured. parameters(e.g., based on example embodiment of FIG.27). the PDCCH configuration parameters (e.g., based on example embodiment of FIG.27). The wireless device monitors PDCCH candidates for the search space set for ^^consecutive slots, starting from slot ^^^,^, and does not monitor PDCCH candidates for search space set ^ for the next ^^ − ^^ consecutive slots. In an example, a USS at CCE aggregationlevel ^ ∈ ^1,  2,  4,  8,  16^ is defined by a set of PDCCH candidates for CCE aggregation level ^.

[0263] In an example, a wireless device decides, for a search space set ^ associated with CORESET ^, CCE indexes for aggregation level ^ corresponding to PDCCH candidate ^^,^^^of the search space set in slot ^^^,^for an ⋅' active DL BWP of a serving cell corresponding to carrier indicator field value ^ CCE,(^^ as ^ ⋅ ^^ !,^"s,f + #(,) . +%,max^^^ / ^^^0^CCE,!⁄ ^ 23 + 4, where, !,^"s,f = 0 for any CSS; !,^"s,f = ^6! ⋅==65537; 4 = 0, ⋯ , ^ − 1; ^CCE,! is the number of CCEs, numbered from 0 to ^CCE,! − 1, in CORESET ^; ^^^ is thecarrier indicator field value if the wireless device is configured with a carrier indicator field by CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig for the serving cell on which PDCCH is monitored; otherwise, including for any CSS, ^^^ = 0; ^^,^^^ = 0, ... , <())^,^^^ − 1, where <())^,^^^ is the number of PDCCH candidates the wireless device isconfigured to monitor for aggregation level ^ of a search space set ^ for a serving cell corresponding to ^^^; for any CSS, <()) ()) ()) ())^,max = <^,0 ; for a USS, <^,max is the maximum of <^,^^^ over all configured ^^^ values for a CCE^; and the RNTI value used for ^RNTIis the C-RNTI.

[0264] In an example, a wireless device may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of a search space set comprising a plurality of search spaces (SSs). The wireless device may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. A CORESET may be configured based on the example embodiment of FIG.26 which will be described later. Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats. Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCH candidates in common SSs, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific SSs) and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The possible DCI formats may be based on example embodiments of FIG.23.

[0265] FIG.23 shows examples of DCI formats which may be used by a base station to transmit control information to a wireless device or used by the wireless device for PDCCH monitoring. Different DCI formats may comprise different DCI fields and / or have different DCI payload sizes. Different DCI formats may have different signalingDocket No.: 24-1071PCT purposes. In an example, DCI format 0_0 may be used to schedule PUSCH in one cell. DCI format 0_1 may be used to schedule one or multiple PUSCH in one cell or indicate CG-DFI (configured grant-Downlink Feedback Information) for configured grant PUSCH, etc. The DCI format(s) which the wireless device may monitor in a SS may be configured.

[0266] FIG.24A shows an example of configuration parameters of a master information block (MIB) of a cell (e.g., PCell). In an example, a wireless device, based on receiving primary synchronization signal (PSS) and / or secondary synchronization signal (SSS), may receive a MIB via a PBCH. The configuration parameters of a MIB may comprise six bits (systemFrameNumber) of system frame number (SFN), subcarrier spacing indication (subCarrierSpacingCommon), a frequency domain offset (ssb-SubcarrierOffset) between SSB and overall resource block grid in number of subcarriers, an indication (cellBarred) indicating whether the cell is bared, a DMRS position indication (dmrs-TypeA- Position) indicating position of DMRS, parameters of CORESET and SS of a PDCCH (pdcch-ConfigSIB1) comprising a common CORESET, a common search space and necessary PDCCH parameters, etc.

[0267] In an example, a pdcch-ConfigSIB1 may comprise a first parameter (e.g., controlResourceSetZero) indicating a common ControlResourceSet (CORESET) with ID #0 (e.g., CORESET#0) of an initial BWP of the cell. controlResourceSetZero may be an integer between 0 and 15. Each integer between 0 and 15 may identify a configuration of CORESET#0.

[0268] FIG.24B shows an example of a configuration of CORESET#0. As shown in FIG.24B, based on a value of the integer of controlResourceSetZero, a wireless device may determine a SSB and CORESET#0 multiplexing pattern, a number of RBs for CORESET#0, a number of symbols for CORESET#0, an RB offset for CORESET#0.

[0269] In an example, a pdcch-ConfigSIB1 may comprise a second parameter (e.g., searchSpaceZero) indicating a common search space with ID #0 (e.g., SS#0) of the initial BWP of the cell. searchSpaceZero may be an integer between 0 and 15. Each integer between 0 and 15 may identify a configuration of SS#0.

[0270] FIG.24C shows an example of a configuration of SS#0. As shown in FIG.24C, based on a value of the integer of searchSpaceZero, a wireless device may determine one or more parameters (e.g., O, M) for slot determination of PDCCH monitoring, a first symbol index for PDCCH monitoring and / or a number of search spaces per slot.

[0271] In an example, based on receiving a MIB, a wireless device may monitor PDCCH via SS#0 of CORESET#0 for receiving a DCI scheduling a system information block 1 (SIB1). A SIB1 message may be implemented based on the example embodiment of FIG.25. The wireless device may receive the DCI with CRC scrambled with a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) dedicated for receiving the SIB1.

[0272] FIG.25 shows an example of RRC configuration parameters of system information block (SIB). A SIB (e.g., SIB1) may be transmitted to all wireless devices in a broadcast way. The SIB may contain information relevant when evaluating if a wireless device is allowed to access a cell, information of paging configuration and / or scheduling configuration of other system information. A SIB may contain radio resource configuration information that is common for all wireless devices and barring information applied to a unified access control. In an example, a base station mayDocket No.: 24-1071PCT transmit to a wireless device (or a plurality of wireless devices) one or more SIB information. As shown in FIG.25, parameters of the one or more SIB information may comprise: one or more parameters (e.g., cellSelectionInfo) for cell selection related to a serving cell, one or more configuration parameters of a serving cell (e.g., in ServingCellConfigCommonSIB IE), and one or more other parameters. The ServingCellConfigCommonSIB IE may comprise at least one of: common downlink parameters (e.g., in DownlinkConfigCommonSIB IE) of the serving cell, common uplink parameters (e.g., in UplinkConfigCommonSIB IE) of the serving cell, and other parameters.

[0273] In an example, a DownlinkConfigCommonSIB IE may comprise parameters of an initial downlink BWP (initialDownlinkBWP IE) of the serving cell (e.g., SpCell). The parameters of the initial downlink BWP may be comprised in a BWP-DownlinkCommon IE (as shown in FIG.26). The BWP-DownlinkCommon IE may be used to configure common parameters of a downlink BWP of the serving cell. The base station may configure the locationAndBandwidth so that the initial downlink BWP contains the entire CORESET#0 of this serving cell in the frequency domain. The wireless device may apply the locationAndBandwidth upon reception of this field (e.g., to determine the frequency position of signals described in relation to this locationAndBandwidth) but it keeps CORESET#0 until after reception of RRCSetup / RRCResume / RRCReestablishment.

[0274] In an example, the DownlinkConfigCommonSIB IE may comprise parameters of a paging channel configuration. The parameters may comprise a paging cycle value (T, by defaultPagingCycle IE), a parameter (nAndPagingFrameOffset IE) indicating total number N) of paging frames (PFs) and paging frame offset (PF_offset) in a paging DRX cycle, a number (Ns) for total paging occasions (POs) per PF, a first PDCCH monitoring occasion indication parameter (firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionofPO IE) indicating a first PDCCH monitoring occasion for paging of each PO of a PF. The wireless device, based on parameters of a PCCH configuration, may monitor PDCCH for receiving paging message.

[0275] In an example, the parameter first-PDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO may be signaled in SIB1 for paging in initial DL BWP. For paging in a DL BWP other than the initial DL BWP, the parameter first-PDCCH- MonitoringOccasionOfPO may be signaled in the corresponding BWP configuration.

[0276] FIG.26 shows an example of RRC configuration parameters (e.g., BWP-DownlinkCommon IE) in a downlink BWP of a serving cell. A base station may transmit to a wireless device (or a plurality of wireless devices) one or more configuration parameters of a downlink BWP (e.g., initial downlink BWP) of a serving cell. As shown in FIG.26, the one or more configuration parameters of the downlink BWP may comprise: one or more generic BWP parameters of the downlink BWP, one or more cell specific parameters for PDCCH of the downlink BWP (e.g., in pdcch-ConfigCommon IE), one or more cell specific parameters for the PDSCH of this BWP (e.g., in pdsch-ConfigCommon IE), and one or mor other parameters. A pdcch-ConfigCommon IE may comprise parameters of COESET #0 (e.g., controlResourceSetZero) which may be used in any common or UE-specific search spaces. A value of the controlResourceSetZero may be interpreted like the corresponding bits in MIB pdcch-ConfigSIB1. A pdcch- ConfigCommon IE may comprise parameters (e.g., in commonControlResourceSet) of an additional common controlDocket No.: 24-1071PCT resource set which may be configured and used for any common or UE-specific search space. If the network configures this field, it uses a ControlResourceSetId other than 0 for this ControlResourceSet. The network configures the commonControlResourceSet in SIB1 so that it is contained in the bandwidth of CORESET#0. A pdcch-ConfigCommon IE may comprise parameters (e.g., in commonSearchSpaceList) of a list of additional common search spaces. Parameters of a search space may be implemented based on the example of FIG.27 which will be described later. A pdcch-ConfigCommon IE may indicate, from a list of search spaces, a search space for paging (e.g., pagingSearchSpace), a search space for random access procedure (e.g., ra-SearchSpace), a search space for SIB1 message (e.g., searchSpaceSIB1), a common search space#0 (e.g., searchSpaceZero), and one or more other search spaces.

[0277] As shown in FIG.26, a control resource set (CORESET) may be associated with a CORESET index (e.g., ControlResourceSetId). A CORESET may be implemented based on example embodiments described above with respect to FIG.14A and / or FIG.14B. The CORESET index with a value of 0 may identify a common CORESET configured in MIB and in ServingCellConfigCommon (controlResourceSetZero) and may not be used in the ControlResourceSet IE. The CORESET index with other values may identify CORESETs configured by dedicated signaling or in SIB1. The controlResourceSetId is unique among the BWPs of a serving cell. A CORESET may be associated with coresetPoolIndex indicating an index of a CORESET pool for the CORESET. A CORESET may be associated with a time duration parameter (e.g., duration) indicating contiguous time duration of the CORESET in number of symbols. In an example, as shown in FIG.26, configuration parameters of a CORESET may comprise at least one of: frequency resource indication (e.g., frequencyDomainResources), a CCE-REG mapping type indicator (e.g., cce-REG-MappingType), a plurality of TCI states, an indicator indicating whether a TCI is present in a DCI, and the like.

[0278] FIG.27 shows an example of configuration of a search space (e.g., SearchSpace IE). In an example, one or more search space configuration parameters of a search space may comprise at least one of: a search space ID (searchSpaceId), a control resource set ID (controlResourceSetId), a monitoring slot periodicity and offset parameter (monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset), a search space time duration value (duration), a monitoring symbol indication (monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot), a number of candidates for an aggregation level (nrofCandidates), and / or a SS type indicating a common SS type or a UE-specific SS type (searchSpaceType). The monitoring slot periodicity and offset parameter may indicate slots (e.g., in a radio frame) and slot offset (e.g., relative to a starting of a radio frame) for PDCCH monitoring. The monitoring symbol indication may indicate on which symbol(s) of a slot a wireless device may monitor PDCCH on the SS. The control resource set ID may identify a control resource set on which a SS may be located.

[0279] In an example, a base station may transmit one or more SSBs, via a cell, periodically to a wireless device, or a plurality of wireless devices, e.g., regardless of whether a cell DTX / DRX configuration is activated / deactivated. The wireless device (in RRC_IDLE state, RRC_INACTIVE state, or RRC_CONNECTED state) may use the one or moreDocket No.: 24-1071PCT SSBs for time and frequency synchronization with a cell of the base station, cell selection / re-selection etc. An SSB, comprising a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and a PBCH DM-RS, may be transmitted based on example embodiments described above with respect to FIG.11A. An SSB may occupy a number (e.g., 4) of OFDM symbols as shown in FIG.11A. The base station may transmit one or more SSBs in a SSB burst, e.g., to enable beam-sweeping for PSS / SSS and PBCH. An SSB burst comprises a set of SSBs, each SSB potentially transmitted on a different beam. SSBs in the SSB burst may be transmitted in time-division multiplexing fashion. In an example, an SSB burst may always be confined to a 5ms window and is either located in first-half or in the second half of a 10ms radio frame. In this specification, an SSB burst may be equivalently referred to as a transmission window (e.g., 5ms) in which the set of SSBs are transmitted.

[0280] In an example, the base station may indicate a transmission periodicity of SSB via RRC message (e.g., ssb- PeriodicityServingCell in ServingCellConfigCommonSIB of SIB1 message, or ServingCellConfigCommon of a serving cell). A candidate value of the transmission periodicity may be in a range of {5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms}. The maximum number of candidate SSBs (Lmax) within an SSB burst depends upon the carrier frequency / band of the cell. In an example, Lmax=4 if fc<=3GHz, wherein fcis the carrier frequency of the cell. Lmax=8 if 3GHz<fc<=6GHz. Lmax=64 if fc>=6GHz, etc.

[0281] In an example, a starting OFDM symbol index of a candidate SSB (occupying 4 OFDM symbols) within a SSB burst (5ms) may depend on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and a carrier frequency band of the cell.

[0282] FIG.28 shows an example of starting OFDM symbol index determination.

[0283] As shown in FIG.28, starting OFDM symbol indexes of SSBs in a SSB burst, for a cell configured with 15 kHz and carrier frequency fc<3GHz (Lmax=4), are 2, 8, 16, and 22. OFDM symbols in a half-frame are indexed with the first symbol of the first slot being indexed as 0. Starting OFDM symbol indexes of SSBs in a SSB burst, for a cell configured with 15 kHz and carrier frequency 3GHz<fc<6GHz (Lmax=8), are 2, 8, 16, 22, 30, 36, 44 and 50, etc. In an example, when the base station is not transmitting the SSBs with beam forming, the base station may transmit only one SSB by using the first SSB starting position.

[0284] FIG.29 shows an example of SSB transmission of a cell by a base station. In the example of FIG.29, a SCS of the cell is 15 kHz, and the cell is configured with 3GHz<fc<=6GHz. Based on the example of FIG.29, maximum number of candidate SSBs in a SSB burst is 8 (Lmax=8). As shown in FIG.29, SSB#1 starts at symbol#2 of 70 symbols in 5ms, SSB#2 starts at symbol#8, SSB#3 starts at symbol#16, SSB#4 starts at symbol#22, SSB#5 starts at symbol#30, SSB#6 starts at symbol#36, SSB#7 starts at symbol#44, and SSB#8 starts at symbol 50. The SSB burst is transmitted in the first half (not the second half as shown in FIG.29) of a radio frame with 10 ms.

[0285] In an example, the SSB burst (also for each SSB of the SSB burst) may be transmitted in a periodicity. In the example of FIG.29, a default periodicity of a SSB burst is 20 ms, e.g., before a wireless device receives a SIB1 message for initial access of the cell. The base station, with 20 ms transmission periodicity of SSB (or SSB burst), mayDocket No.: 24-1071PCT transmit the SSB burst in the first 5 ms of each 20 ms. The base station does not transmit the SSB burst in the rest 15 ms of the each 20 ms.

[0286] In an example, a base station may transmit RRC messages (e.g., SIB1 and / or ServingCellConfigCommon IE) indicating cell specific configuration parameters of SSB transmission of a serving cell (e.g., a PCell or a SCell). The cell specific configuration parameters may comprise a value for a transmission periodicity (ssb-PeriodicityServingCell) of a SSB burst, locations of a number of SSBs (e.g., active SSBs), of a plurality of candidate SSBs, comprised in the SSB burst. The plurality of candidate SSBs may be implemented based on example embodiments described above with respect to FIG.28. The cell specific configuration parameters may comprise position indication of a SSB in a SSB burst (e.g., ssb-PositionsInBurst). The position indication may comprise a first bitmap (e.g., groupPresence) and a second bitmap (e.g., inOneGroup) indicating locations of a number of SSBs comprised in a SSB burst.

[0287] In an example, a base station may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB) on PBCH, to indicate configuration parameters (for CORESET#0) for a wireless device monitoring PDCCH for receiving a SIB1 message. The base station may transmit a MIB message with a transmission periodicity of 80 millisecond (ms). The same MIB message may be repeated (according to SSB periodicity) within the 80 ms. Contents of a MIB message are same over 80 ms period. The same MIB is transmitted over all SSBs within a SS burst. In an example, PBCH may indicate that there is no associated SIB1, in which case a wireless device may be pointed to another frequency from where to search for an SSB that is associated with a SIB1 as well as a frequency range where the wireless device may assume no SSB associated with SIB1 is present. The indicated frequency range may be confined within a contiguous spectrum allocation of the same operator in which SSB is detected.

[0288] In an example, a base station may transmit a SIB1 message with a periodicity of 160 ms. The base station may transmit the same SIB1 message with variable transmission repetition periodicity within 160 ms. The default transmission repetition periodicity of SIB1 is 20 ms. The base station may determine an actual transmission repetition periodicity based on network implementation. In an example, for SSB and CORESET multiplexing pattern 1, SIB1 repetition transmission period is 20 ms. For SSB and CORESET multiplexing pattern 2 / 3, SIB1 transmission repetition period is the same as the SSB period. SIB1 may comprise information regarding the availability and scheduling (e.g., mapping of SIBs to SI message, periodicity, SI-window size) of other SIBs, an indication whether one or more SIBs are only provided on-demand and in which case, configuration parameters needed by a wireless device to perform an SI request.

[0289] In an example, a base station may transmit SSBs over each serving cell (e.g., a PCell or an SCell) of multiple serving cells configured for a wireless device. The base station may transmit SSBs over some serving cells of the multiple serving cells and may not transmit SSBs over other serving cells of the multiple serving cells. A serving cell without SSBs may be referred to as an SSB-less serving cell. A serving cell with SSBs always transmitted by the base station may be referred to as an always-on-SSB serving cell. In addition to always-on SSB and SSB-less, a base station may transmit SSBs over a serving cell based on indication from a wireless device, or from another base station,Docket No.: 24-1071PCT and / or triggered by the base station itself (e.g., by transmitting a SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE). When there is no indication from the wireless device or from another base station or there is no trigger from the base station, the base station may stop transmitting the SSBs. The SSBs transmitted / stopped upon a request may be referred to as on- demand SSBs.

[0290] FIG.30 shows examples of a variety of SSB transmissions on a cell.

[0291] In an example, a base station may configure a serving cell (e.g., a PCell or a SCell, Cell 1 in FIG.30) with always-on SSBs, in which case, the base station keeps transmitting the SSBs with periodicity (e.g., ssb- PeriodicityServingCell) based on configuration parameters of the SSBs. The SSBs may be transmitted in a way that a number (e.g., indicated by ssb-PositionsInBurst) of SSBs are comprised in a SSB burst and the SSB burst is transmitted periodically according to the periodicity, e.g., according to example of FIG.29. In an example, the always- on SSBs may be mandatorily configured on a PCell, and optionally configured on a SCell. The wireless device may obtain time and / or frequency synchronization (and / or beam alignment) with the serving cell based on the periodically transmitted SSBs. Always transmitting SSBs may increase power consumption of the base station.

[0292] As shown in FIG.30, a base station may configure a serving cell (e.g., a SCell, Cell 2 in FIG.30) without SSB transmission, e.g., in order to reduce power consumption of the serving cell. The wireless device may refer to another serving cell (e.g., a PCell or PSCell, or a SCell, Cell 1 in FIG.30) for obtaining time and / or frequency synchronization with this serving cell. The PCell / PSCell / SCell used as the reference (e.g., or a SSB reference cell) of SSBs of this serving cell may be configured by RRC messages (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommon IE, e.g., based on example embodiments of FIG.31 which will be explained later) of the serving cell. The SSB reference cell may be intra-band (in the same frequency band) deployed with this serving cell or may be inter-band (in different frequency bands) deployed with this serving cell. The SSB-less configuration for a serving cell may be limited to cases when there is always a SSB reference cell in a multicarrier (MC) deployment (e.g. carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC) ), multi connectivity (MuC) etc.) and / or when the time / frequency synchronization error between the SSB reference cell and the serving cell is within a threshold, and / or they are deployed in the same frequency range (FR). Allow a serving cell without SSB transmissions may reduce power consumption of the base station.

[0293] As shown in FIG.30, a base station may configure a serving cell (e.g., a SCell, e.g., Cell 3) with on-demand SSB transmissions, e.g., in order to provide SSBs for time / frequency synchronization and / or parallelly reduce power consumption of the serving cell especially when there is no SSB reference cell for this serving cell (e.g., due to a single cell deployment, or time / frequency synchronization error between the SSB reference cell and this serving cell being greater than the threshold). There may be multiple ways of providing the on-demand SSBs for a serving cell.

[0294] As a first way (as shown in FIG.30) of providing the on-demand SSBs for a serving cell, the base station may trigger to transmit the on-demand SSB based on receiving an uplink wake up signal (WUS) from a wireless device. The WUS may be based on existing technologies (e.g., a preamble, an SRS, and / or a SR, etc.), or a new signal designed specifically for the on-demand SSB request. The wireless device may trigger the transmission of the WUS based onDocket No.: 24-1071PCT traffic loading and / or power level of the wireless device. In an example, the wireless device may trigger the transmission of the WUS based on channel measurement of discovery reference signals (DRSs) (if configured) of the serving cell. The DRS may be a simplified SSB with only PSS and without SSS and PBCH, a low power synchronization signal (LP_SS), a simplified SSB with only SSS and without PSS and PBCH, or a CSI-RS, or a position RS, or a newly defined RS specifically for the on-demand SSB request. Before triggering the on-demand SSB for the serving cell, the base station may (optionally) transmit the DRSs for facilitating the wireless device to perform the channel measurement (which may be used by the wireless device to determine whether to trigger the transmission of the WUS). When receiving the WUS (e.g., indicating wakeup), the base station may start to transmit the on-demand SSBs. When receiving the WUS (e.g., indicating go-to-sleep) or when not receiving the WUS indicating wakeup on a WUS occasion, the base station may stop (or skip) transmitting the on-demand SSBs. Allowing the wireless device to request on-demand SSB transmissions (or request stopping the on-demand transmissions) may enable the base station to stop SSBs transmissions for power / energy saving when there is no wireless device active in this serving cell.

[0295] As a second way (as shown in FIG.30) of providing the on-demand SSBs for a serving cell, the base station may trigger to transmit the on-demand SSB by activating the SCell. The base station may activate the SCell for a wireless device by transmitting a SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE (e.g., based on examples of FIG.21A and / or FIG.21B.). Before the SCell is activated, the base station may skip (or may stop / refrain from) transmitting the on- demand SSBs. After the SCell is activated, the base station may start transmitting the on-demand SSBs. The base station may determine when / whether to activate the SCell (together with the on-demand SSB transmissions) based on traffic load / request of wireless device(s) and / or requests from another base station via backhaul link. In an example, the DRSs described above may be optionally transmitted by the base station. The wireless device may transmit channel measurements of the serving cell based on the DRSs to help the base station to decide when / whether to activate the serving cell.

[0296] In this specification, a cell which is in a network energy saving state (e.g., a cell DTX / DRX configuration being activated, and / or SSBs / SIB1 being configured as on-demand triggered, etc.) may be referred to as a network-energy- saving (NES) cell. A base station may transmit / use less power, less bandwidth, less antenna ports / TRPs, less PDSCH / PDCCH, less downlink signals (e.g., SSBs / SIB1 / paging etc.) via a NES cell. A non-NES cell may be a cell which is not operating in a NES state. A base station may transmit full power, full bandwidth, and more channels via a non-NES cell.

[0297] FIG.31 shows an example of SSB configuration parameters of a serving cell.

[0298] In an example, a wireless device may receive from a base station one or more RRC messages (e.g., RRCReconfiguration IE). The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters (e.g., comprised in CellGroupConfig IE, as shown in FIG.31) of cell group.

[0299] In an example, the configuration parameters of a cell group may comprise SCell configuration parameters of a plurality of SCells (e.g., sCellToAddModList IE). The SCell configuration parameters of each SCell may comprise aDocket No.: 24-1071PCT SCell index (sCellIndex), cell common parameters (comprised in ServingCellConfigComm IE) of the SCell, cell parameters (comprised in ServingCellConfig IE) dedicated for the UE of the SCell. The cell common parameters of the SCell may comprise downlink common configuration parameters (e.g., comprised in DownlinkConfigCommon IE), SSB burst configuration (ssb-PositionsInBurst), SSB periodicity (ssb-periodicityServingCell), SSB subcarrier spacing (ssbSubcarrrierSpacing) and SSB transmission power (ss-PBCH-BlockPower).

[0300] In the example of FIG.31, the ssb-periodicityServingCell field of the ServingCellConfigComm IE is configured with a field tag “Need S”. In response to the ssb-periodicityServingCell field being configured with the field tag “Need S”, the wireless device determines that the SSBs are transmitted with a default periodicity value (e.g., 5ms) when the ssb- periodicityServingCell field is absent in the one or more RRC messages.

[0301] In the example of FIG.31, the downlink common configuration parameters of the SCell may comprise downlink frequency information (e.g., comprised in FrequencyInfoDL), configuration parameters of initial downlink BWP etc. The downlink frequency information of the SCell may comprise a parameter (absoluteFrequencySSB) indicating the frequency of the SSB to be used for this SCell. If the parameter (absoluteFrequencySSB) is absent, the wireless device obtains timing reference from the SpCell or an SCell if applicable as described in TS 38.213, or from the SpCell or an SCell indicated by referenceCell, or from the "default cell" if the referenceCell is absent.

[0302] In the example of FIG.31, the parameter (absoluteFrequencySSB) is an ARFCN (absolute radio frequency channel number) value (AFRCN-ValueNR) specified for NR system. The downlink frequency information of the SCell may comprise a parameter (absoluteFrequencyPointA) indicating the absolute frequency position of the reference resource block (Common RB 0) of the SCell.

[0303] In the example of FIG.31, the downlink frequency information of the SCell may comprise a parameter (referenceCell) indicating a reference cell, i.e. the cell which provides the timing reference and AGC source for this SCell, if this SCell is an SSB-less SCell. If the reference cell is an SCell or PSCell, it should be an activated SCell or activated PSCell. If this field (referenceCell) is absent, a "default cell" is the reference cell.

[0304] In an LTE-A or NR network, a wires device may monitor a first downlink radio link quality of a PCell (e.g., of an MCG), e.g., for the purpose of indicating out-of-sync / in-syn status to higher layers (e.g., MAC layer or RRC layer). In an example, when multiple BWPs configured on the PCell, the wireless device may transmit on or receive from at most one active BWP of the multiple BWPs. In an example, the wireless device may not monitor the first downlink radio link quality in the multiple BWPs other than the at most one active BWP. In this specification, monitoring downlink radio link quality for out-of-sync / in-sync status may be referred to as radio link monitoring (RLM) procedure.

[0305] In the LTE-A or the NR network, if the wireless device is configured with a SCG, and a first parameter (e.g., rlf- TimersAndConstantsSCG) is provided by the higher layers and is not set to release, the wireless device may monitor a second downlink radio link quality of a PSCell of the SCG, e.g., for the purpose of indicating out-of-sync / in-syn status to the higher layers. In an example, when multiple BWPs configured on the PSCell, the wireless device may transmit on orDocket No.: 24-1071PCT receive from at most one active BWP of the multiple BWPs. In an example, the wireless device may not monitor the second downlink radio link quality in the multiple BWPs other than the at most one active BWP.

[0306] In an example, a gNB may transmit one or more messages comprising parameters, for a RLM procedure, indicating at least one of: a first timer with a first timer value (e.g., T310); a first number (e.g., N310); a second number (e.g., N311), to a wireless device. The one or more messages may comprise one or more cell-specific or cell-common RRC messages (e.g., ServingCellConfig IE, ServingCellConfigCommon IE, MAC-CellGroupConfig IE).

[0307] In an example, a wireless device monitors downlink radio link quality based on RS configured as RLM-RS resource(s) in order to detect the downlink radio link quality of the PCell and PSCell. The configured RLM-RS resources may be all SSBs, or all CSI-RSs, or a mix of SSBs and CSI-RSs. The wireless device is not required to perform RLM outside the active DL BWP. In an example, the downlink radio link quality of the primary cell is monitored by a wireless device for the purpose of indicating out-of-sync / in-sync status to higher layers. If the active DL BWP is the initial DL BWP and for SS / PBCH block and CORESET multiplexing pattern 2 or 3, the wireless device is expected to perform RLM using the associated SS / PBCH block when the associated SS / PBCH block index is provided by RadioLinkMonitoringRS.

[0308] FIG.32 shows an example of radio link monitoring and radio link failure detection procedure.

[0309] In the example of FIG.32, the wireless device is configured for a DL BWP of a SpCell with a set of resource indexes (e.g., RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4 for the BWP of the cell), through a corresponding set of RadioLinkMonitoringRS, for radio link monitoring by failureDetectionResources. The wireless device is provided either a CSI-RS resource configuration index, by csi-RS-Index, or a SS / PBCH block index, by ssb-Index. The wireless device can be configured with up to NLR-RLM RadioLinkMonitoringRS for link recovery procedures (e.g., beam failure recovery based on example embodiments which will be described below with respect to FIG.35A and / or FIG.35B) and for radio link monitoring. From the NLR-RLM RadioLinkMonitoringRS, up to NRLM RadioLinkMonitoringRS can be used for radio link monitoring depending on ^$=>, wherein ^$=>is maximum number of candidate SSBs (e.g., RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, … and RSN) in the cell, and up to two RadioLinkMonitoringRS can be used for link recovery (or BFR) procedures.

[0310] In an example, configuration parameters of one or more radio link monitoring RSs (e.g., indicated by RadioLinkMonitoringRS) may be implemented based on examples of FIG.34.

[0311] In an example, for operation with shared spectrum channel access, when a wireless device is provided a SS / PBCH block index by ssb-Index, the wireless device is expected to perform radio link monitoring using SS / PBCH block(s) in a discovery burst transmission window, where the SS / PBCH block(s) have candidate SS / PBCH block index(es) corresponding to SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-Index.

[0312] In an example, if a wireless device is not provided RadioLinkMonitoringRS and the wireless device is provided for PDCCH receptions TCI states that include one or more of a CSI-RS, the wireless device uses for radio link monitoring the RS provided for the active TCI state for PDCCH reception if the active TCI state for PDCCH receptionDocket No.: 24-1071PCT includes only one RS. In addition, if the active TCI state for PDCCH reception includes two RS, the wireless device expects that one RS is configured with qcl-Type set to 'typeD' and the wireless device uses the RS configured with qcl- Type set to 'typeD' for radio link monitoring and the wireless device does not expect both RS to be configured with qcl- Type set to 'typeD'. The wireless device is not required to use for radio link monitoring an aperiodic or semi-persistent RS. For Lmax=4, the wireless device selects the NRLM RS provided for active TCI states for PDCCH receptions in CORESETs associated with the search space sets in an order from the shortest monitoring periodicity. If more than one CORESETs are associated with search space sets having same monitoring periodicity, the wireless device determines the order of the CORESET from the highest CORESET index.

[0313] In an example, a wireless device does not expect to use more than NRLMRadioLinkMonitoringRS for radio link monitoring when the wireless device is not provided RadioLinkMonitoringRS.

[0314] In an example, for a CSI-RS resource configuration, powerControlOffsetSS is not applicable and the wireless device expects to be provided only 'noCDM' from cdm-Type, only 'one' and 'three' from density, and only '1 port' from nrofPorts.

[0315] In an example, if a wireless device is configured with multiple DL BWPs for a serving cell, the wireless device performs RLM using the RS(s) corresponding to resource indexes provided by RadioLinkMonitoringRS for the active DL BWP or, if RadioLinkMonitoringRS is not provided for the active DL BWP, using the RS(s) provided for the active TCI state for PDCCH receptions in CORESETs on the active DL BWP.

[0316] In the example of FIG.32, based on configured RS set for RLM on the BWP of the cell, the wireless device may perform out-of-sync and in-sync evaluation. On each RLM-RS resource, the wireless device estimates the downlink radio link quality evaluated over an evaluation period and compares it to the thresholds Qout and Qin for the purpose of monitoring downlink radio link quality of the cell.

[0317] In an example, the threshold Qout is defined as the level at which the downlink radio link cannot be reliably received and corresponds to the out-of-sync block error rate (BLERout) (e.g., 10% as a predefined value). For SSB based radio link monitoring, Qout_SSBis derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured. For CSI-RS based radio link monitoring, Qout_CSI-RS is derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured.

[0318] In an example, the threshold Qin is defined as the level at which the downlink radio link quality can be received with significantly higher reliability than at Qoutand corresponds to the in-sync block error rate (BLERin) (e.g., 2% as a predefined value). For SSB based radio link monitoring, Qin_SSB is derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured. For CSI-RS based radio link monitoring, Qin_CSI-RS is derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured.

[0319] In an example, out-of-sync block error rate (BLERout) and in-sync block error rate (BLERin) are determined from the network configuration via parameter rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold signaled by higher layers (e.g., RRC messages received from a base station). When the wireless device is not configured withDocket No.: 24-1071PCT rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold from the network, the wireless device determines out-of-sync and in-sync block error rates with default (e.g., BLERout=10%, BLERin=2%).

[0320] In an example, a wireless device may monitor up to NRLM RLM-RS resources of the same or different types in each corresponding carrier frequency range, depending on a maximum number of SSBs per half frame.

[0321] In an example, when the wireless device transitions between DRX and no DRX or when DRX cycle periodicity changes, for each RLM-RS resource, for a duration of time equal to the evaluation period corresponding to the second mode after the transition occurs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is no less than the minimum of evaluation period corresponding to the first mode and the second mode. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second mode for each RLM-RS resource. This requirement is applied to both out-of-sync evaluation and in-sync evaluation of the monitored cell.

[0322] In an example, when the wireless device transitions from a first configuration of RLM resources to a second configuration of RLM resources that is different from the first configuration, for each RLM resource present in the second configuration, for a duration of time equal to the evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration after the transition occurs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is no less than the minimum of evaluation periods corresponding to the first configuration and the second configuration. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration for each RLM resource present in the second configuration. This requirement shall be applied to both out-of-sync evaluation and in-sync evaluation of the monitored cell.

[0323] In an example, when the wireless device transitions from a first configuration of active TCI state of the CORESET to a second configuration of active TCI state of the CORESET, for each CSI-RS for RLM present in the second configuration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration from the time of transition. This requirement shall be applied to both out-of-sync evaluation and in-sync evaluation of the monitored cell.

[0324] In an example, for a wireless device supporting NCD-SSB-based RLM, when the wireless device transitions between RLM CD-SSB resource and RLM NCD-SSB resource due to BWP switching during one evaluation period, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is the maximum of the evaluation periods corresponding to the first SSB type and the second SSB type after the BWP switching. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB type for each RLM-RS resource.

[0325] In an example, an evaluation period for out-of-sync and in-sync are determined based on measurement gap configuration, SSB configuration and / or DRX configuration.

[0326] FIG.33 shows an example of evaluation period determination, e.g., for FR1.

[0327] In the example of FIG.33, an evaluation period for out-of-sync when DRX is not configured, is max(200, ceil(10*P)*Tssb) ms, where Tssbis the periodicity of the SSB configured for RLM and P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more SSB transmission occasions.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0328] In the example of FIG.33, an evaluation period for in-sync when DRX is not configured, is max(100, ceil(5*P)*Tssb) ms.

[0329] In the example of FIG.33, an evaluation period for out-of-sync when DRX cycle<=320ms, is max(200, ceil(15*P)*max(Tssb, TDRX) ms, where TDRX is the DRX cycle length.

[0330] In the example of FIG.33, an evaluation period for in-sync when DRX cycle<=320ms, is max(100, ceil(7.5*P)*max(Tssb, TDRX) ms, etc.

[0331] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as RLM-RS resources, for FR1, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_out_CSI-RS) is max(200, ceil(Mout*P)*TCSI-RS) ms for out-of-syn evaluation. TCSI-RS is the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. Mout= 20 if the CSI-RS resource configured for RLM is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(200, Ceil(1.5*Mout*P)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRXis the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(Mout*P)*TDRX if DRX >320ms.

[0332] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as RLM-RS resources, for FR1, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_in_CSI-RS) is max(100, ceil(Min*P)*TCSI-RS) ms for in-syn evaluation. TCSI-RS is the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. Min= 10 if the CSI-RS resource configured for RLM is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(100, Ceil(1.5*Min*P)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRXis the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(Min*P)*TDRX if DRX >320ms.

[0333] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as RLM-RS resources, for FR2, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_out_CSI-RS) is max(200, ceil(Mout*P*N)*TCSI-RS) ms for out-of-syn evaluation. TCSI- RS is the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. Mout = 20 if the CSI-RS resource configured for RLM is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. N=1 for FR2. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(200, Ceil(1.5*Mout*P*N)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRXis the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(Mout*P*N)*TDRX if DRX >320ms.

[0334] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as RLM-RS resources, for FR2, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_in_CSI-RS) is max(100, ceil(Min*P*N)*TCSI-RS) ms for in-syn evaluation. TCSI-RS is the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. Min = 10 if the CSI-RS resource configured for RLM is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. N=1 for FR2. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(100, Ceil(1.5*Min*P*N)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRXis the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(Min*P*N)*TDRXif DRX >320ms.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0335] In the example of FIG.32, based on the out-of-sync and in-sync evaluation, the physical layer of the wireless device notifies (or sends) out-of-sync indication or in-sync indication to higher layers (e.g., MAC layer or RRC layer).

[0336] In non-DRX mode operation, the physical layer in the wireless device assesses once per indication period the radio link quality, evaluated over the previous time period (based on description above) against thresholds (Qout and Qin) configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold. The wireless device determines the indication period as the maximum between the shortest periodicity for radio link monitoring resources and 10 msec. In DRX mode operation, the physical layer in the wireless device assesses once per indication period the radio link quality, evaluated over the previous time period, against thresholds (Qout and Qin) provided by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold. The UE determines the indication period as the maximum between the shortest periodicity for radio link monitoring resources and the DRX period.

[0338] In an example, the physical layer in the wireless device indicates, in frames where the radio link quality is assessed, out-of-sync to higher layers when the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qoutfor all resources in the set of resources for radio link monitoring. When the radio link quality is better than the threshold Qin for any resource in the set of resources for radio link monitoring, the physical layer in the wireless device indicates, in frames where the radio link quality is assessed, in-sync to higher layers.

[0339] In an example, when the downlink radio link quality on all the configured RLM-RS resources is worse than Qout, layer 1 of the wireless device sends an out-of-sync indication for the cell to the higher layers (e.g., MAC layer RRC layer). When the downlink radio link quality on at least one of the configured RLM-RS resources is better than Qin, the layer 1 of the wireless device sends an in-sync indication for the cell to the higher layers. Two successive indications from layer 1 shall be separated by at least TIndication_interval. In an example, when DRX is not used, TIndication_intervalis max(10ms, TRLM-RS,M), where TRLM,Mperiodicity of all configured RLM-RS resources for cell, which corresponds to TSSB (periodicity of SSB for RLM) if the RLM-RS resource is SSB, or TCSI-RS (periodicity of CSI-RS for RLM) if the RLM-RS resource is CSI-RS. In case DRX is used, TIndication_interval is Max(10ms, 1.5*DRX_cycle_length, 1.5*TRLM-RS,M)) if DRX cycle_length is less than or equal tois DRX_cycle_length if DRX cycle_length is greater than 320ms. Upon start of T310 timer, themonitors the configured RLM-RS resources for recovery using the evaluation period and layer 1 indication interval corresponding to the no DRX mode until the expiry or stop of T310 timer.

[0340] In an example, the wireless device may start the first timer (T310) with the first timer value for a PCell (or a PSCell) in response to at least one of: receiving N310 consecutive “out-of-sync” indications for the PCell (or the PSCell) from lower layers (e.g., physical layer) of the wireless device; and / or a second timer (e.g., T311) being not running. In an example, the second timer (T311) may be configured in one or more RRC messages. In an example, the wireless device may start the second timer in response to initiating an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. In an example, the wireless device may stop the second timer in response to selecting a suitable NR cell or selecting a cellDocket No.: 24-1071PCT using a second RAT (e.g., LTE, or WIFI). In an example, the second timer may expire in response to the wireless device being in RRC_IDLE state.

[0341] In an example, the wireless device may stop the first timer (T310) for the PCell (or the PSCell) in response to at least one of: receiving N311 consecutive “in-sync” indications for the PCell (or the PSCell) from lower layers (e.g., physical layer) of the wireless devices; and / or the first timer (T310) being running.

[0342] In an example, the wireless device may determine a radio link failure (e.g., RLF) to be detected for the MCG in response to the first timer expiring in the PCell. In an example, in response to determining the RLF of MCG, the wireless device may initiate a connection re-establishment procedure, e.g., when an AS security is activated. In an example, the wireless device may perform one or more actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED mode when the AS security is not activated.

[0343] In an example, the wireless device may determine a radio link failure (e.g., RLF) to be detected for the SCG in response to the first timer expiring in the PSCell. In an example, in response to determining the RLF of SCG, the wireless device may initiate a SCG failure information procedure to report SCG RLF.

[0344] In an example, a wireless device assesses downlink radio link quality of a serving cell based on the referencesignal configured in a set of reference signals (e.g., q 0 configured in RRC message) for beam failure recovery (BFR) inorder to detect beam failure on PCell in SA, NR-DC, or NE-DC operation mode, PSCell in NR-DC and EN-DC operation mode and / or SCell in SA, NR-DC, NE-DC or EN-DC mode.

[0345] FIG.34 shows an example of RRC configuration of radio link monitoring.

[0346] In the example of FIG.34, one or more RRC messages (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringConfig IE) comprise configuration parameters of a list of radio link monitoring reference signals (e.g., failureDetectionResourcesToAddModList). Each of the radio link monitoring reference signals may be associated with a reference resource ID (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringRS-id), an indication of the purpose (e.g., beamfailure, rlf, or both), and detection resource which is either an SSB (identified by an SSB-Index) or a CSI-RS (identified by NZP-CSI-RS- ResourceID).

[0347] FIG.35A shows an example of BFR procedure. In the example of FIG.35A, a base station may transmit to a wireless device RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of a BFR procedure. The configurationparameters may comprise RS resource configuration of a set (q 0 ) of RSs for the BFR procedure. The configurationparameters may be implemented based on examples of FIG.34.

[0348] In an example, RS resource configurations in the set q 0 on PCell or PSCell can be periodic CSI-RS resourcesand / or SSBs. RS resource configuration in the set q 0 on SCell shall be periodic CSI-RS. A wireless device is notrequired to perform beam failure detection outside the active DL BWP. The wireless device is not required to perform beam failure detection on a deactivated SCell, and also not required to perform beam failure detection on resources which is implicitly configured for a deactivated SCell. When more than 2 periodic CSI-RS resources on a CC areDocket No.: 24-1071PCTconfigured in the set q 0 for current SCell or implicitly configured in the set q 0 for other SCell, it is up to the wirelessdevice’s implementation to select two of CSI-RS resources in active BWP in current CC to perform beam failuredetection. The wireless device is not required to perform beam failure detection on a SCell on which q 1 is notconfigured. q 1 , configured in RRC message, is a second set of RSs configured for candidate beam detection.

[0349] In the example of FIG.35A, on each RS resource configuration in the set q 0 , the wireless device estimatesthe radio link quality and compares it to the threshold Qout_LR for the purpose of accessing downlink radio link quality of the serving cell beams.

[0350] In an example, the threshold Qout_LRis defined as the level at which the downlink radio level link of a givenresource configuration on set q 0 cannot be reliably received and shall correspond to the BLERout = 10% block errorrate of a hypothetical PDCCH transmission.

[0351] In an example, for SSB based beam failure detection, Qout_LR_SSBis derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured. For CSI-RS based beam failure detection, Qout_LR_CSI-RS is derived based on the hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters predefined or preconfigured.

[0352] In an example, the RRC messages may further comprising configuration parameters of a second set (q 1 ) ofRSs for candidate beam detection.

[0353] In an example, the wireless device delivers configuration indexes from the set q 1 configured for candidatebeam detection, to higher layers, and the corresponding L1-RSRP measurement provided that the measured L1-RSRP is equal to or better than the threshold Qin_LR, which is indicated by higher layer parameter rsrp-ThresholdSSB. The wireless device applies the Qin_LR threshold to the L1-RSRP measurement obtained from an SSB. The wireless device applies the Qin_LR threshold to the L1-RSRP measurement obtained for a CSI-RS resource after scaling a respective CSI-RS reception power with a value provided by higher layer parameter powerControlOffsetSS. The RS resourceconfigurations in the set q 1 can be periodic CSI-RS resources or SSBs or both SSB and CSI-RS resources.

[0354] In an example, the beam failure procedure applies for each SSB resource in the set q 0 configured for aserving cell, provided that the SSB configured for beam failure detection is actually transmitted within the wireless device’s active DL BWP during the entire evaluation period. The beam failure procedure could not be applicable if the wireless device is required to perform beam failure detection on more than 1 serving cell per band. The wireless deviceis able to evaluate whether the downlink radio link quality on the configured SSB resource in set q 0 estimated over thelast TEvaluate_BFD_SSB ms period becomes worse than the threshold Qout_LR_SSB within TEvaluate_BFD_SSB ms period. The wireless device may evaluate the downlink radio link quality based on example embodiments of FIG.35B which will be described later.

[0355] In an example, a length of TEvaluate_BFD_SSBmay be determined based on the example of FIG.36A.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0356] In an example, a wireless device is required to be capable of measuring SSB for BFD without measurement gaps. The wireless device is required to perform the SSB measurements with measurement restrictions as described in the following scenarios.

[0357] In an example, beam failure recovery procedure applies for each CSI-RS resource in the set q 0 of resource configurations for a serving cell, provided that the CSI-RS resource(s) in set q 0 for beam failure detection are actually transmitted within an active DL BWP during the entire evaluation period. A wireless device is not expected to perform beam failure detection measurements on the CSI-RS configured for BFD if the CSI-RS is not QCL-ed, with QCL-TypeD when applicable, with the RS in the active TCI state of any CORESET configured in the active BWP. Beam failure recovery procedure applies when a wireless device is required to perform beam failure detection on no more than 1 serving cell per band.

[0358] In an example, a wireless device is able to evaluate whether the downlink radio link quality on the CSI-RSresource in set q 0 estimated over the last TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS ms period becomes worse than the threshold Qout_LR_CSI-RSwithin TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RSms period. TheRSis defined in Table 8.5.3.2-1 of TS 38.133 for FR1.The wireless device may evaluate the downlink radio link quality based on example embodiments of FIG.35B which will be described later.

[0359] In an example, when the radio link quality on all the RS resources in set q 0 is worse than Qout_LR, layer 1 ofthe wireless device sends a beam failure instance (or BFI) indication to the higher layers. The beam failure instanceevaluation for the RS resources in set q 0 may be performed as specified in clause 6 in TS 38.213. Two successiveindications from layer 1 shall beby at least TIndication_interval_BFD.

[0360] In an example, when DRX is not used,(2ms, TSSB-RS,M) ) or max(2ms, TCSI-RS,M),where TSSB-RS,M and TCSI-RS,M is the shortestresources in set q 0 for the accessed cell,corresponding to either the shortest periodicity of the SSB in the set q 0 or CSI-RS resource in the set q 0.

[0361] In an example, when DRX is used, for CSI-RS based link- TIndication_interval_BFD = Max(1.5*DRX_cycle_length, 1.5*TCSI-RS,M), if DRX_cycle_length ≤ 320ms, -- TIndication_interval_BFD = Max (1.5*DRX_cycle_length, 1.5*measCyclePSCell), if DRX_cycle_length ≤ 320ms, -measCyclePSCell), if DRX_cycle_length > 320ms.

[0363] SSB resource in the set q 1 configured for a serving cell, provided that the SSBs configured for candidate beam detection are actually transmitted within an active DL BWP during the entire evaluation period (e.g., specified in clause 8.5.5.2 of TS 38.133).Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0364] Upon request, if SSB resource is use / configured for CBD, a wireless device is able to evaluate whether the L1-RSRP measured on the configured SSB resource in set q 1 estimated over the last TEvaluate_CBD_SSBms period becomes better than the threshold Qin_LR provided SSB_RP and SSB Ês / Iot are according to Annex Table B.2.4.1 of TS 38.133) for a corresponding band.

[0365] In an example, a length of TEvaluate_CBD_SSB may be determined based on the example of FIG.36B.

[0366] Upon request, if CSI-RS resource is used / configured for CBD, a wireless device is able to evaluate whether the L1-RSRP measured on the configured CSI-RS resource in set q 1 estimated over the last TEvaluate_CBD_CSI-RS [ms] period becomes better than the threshold Qin_LRwithinRS[ms] period provided CSI-RS Ês / Iot isaccording to Annex Table B.2.4.2 of TS 38.133 for a band.

[0367] In an example, for FR1, if CSI-RS resource is used / configured for CBD, TEvaluate_CBD_CSI-RSis equal to Max(25, Ceil(MCBD*P*PCBD)*TCSI-RS) if no DRX is configured or DRX is configured with a DRX cycle <=320ms. TCSI-RS is the periodicity of CSI-RS resource in the set q 1. TDRX is the DRX cycle length. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with more CSI-RS transmission occasions. PCBD is a value depending on a cellconfiguration (e.g., CA, DC, PCell, SCell, etc.) of the cell. MCBD= 3, if the CSI-RS resource configured in the set q 1 is transmitted with Density = 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. For FR1, if CSI-RS resource is used / configured for CBD, TEvaluate_CBD_CSI-RSis equal to Ceil(MCBD*P*PCBD)*TDRXif a DRX is configured with a DRX cycle >320ms.

[0368] In an example, for FR2, if CSI-RS resource is used / configured for CBD, TEvaluate_CBD_CSI-RS is equal to Max(25, Ceil(MCBD*P*N*PCBD)*TCSI-RS) if no DRX is configured or DRX is configured with a DRX cycle <=320ms. TCSI-RSis the periodicity of CSI-RS resource in the set q 1. TDRX is the DRX cycle length. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping withmore CSI-RS transmission occasions. PCBDis a value depending on a cell configuration (e.g., CA, DC, PCell, SCell, etc.) of the cell. MCBD = 3, if the CSI-RS resource configured in the set q 1 is transmitted with Density = 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. N=8 for FR2-1. N=12 for FR2-2. For FR2, if CSI-RS resource is used / configured for CBD, TEvaluate_CBD_CSI-RS is equal to Ceil(MCBD*P*N*PCBD)*TDRX if a DRX is configured with a DRX cycle >320ms.

[0369] In an example, a wireless device monitors the configured SSB resources using the evaluation period in table 8.5.5.2-1 and 8.5.5.2-2 of TS 38.133 corresponding to the non-DRX mode, if the configured DRX cycle ≤ 320ms.

[0370] In an example, a wireless device monitors the configured CSI-RS resources using the evaluation period in table 8.5.6.2-1 and 8.5.6.2-2 of TS 38.133 corresponding to the non-DRX mode, if the configured DRX cycle ≤ 320ms.

[0371] In an example, a wireless device may be provided, for each BWP of a serving cell, a set ?0̅of periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes by failureDetectionResourcesToAddModList and a set ?1̅of periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes and / or SS / PBCH block indexes by candidateBeamRSList or candidateBeamRSListExt or candidateBeamRSSCellList for radio link quality measurements on the BWP of the serving cell. Instead of the sets ?0̅and ?1̅, for each BWP of a serving cell, the wireless device can be provided respective two sets ?0̅,0and ?0̅,1of periodicDocket No.: 24-1071PCT CSI-RS resource configuration indexes and corresponding two sets ?1̅,0and ?1̅,1of periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes and / or SS / PBCH block indexes by candidateBeamRSList1 and candidateBeamRSList2, respectively, for radio link quality measurements on the BWP of the serving cell. The set ?0̅,0is associated with the set ?1̅,0and the set ?0̅,1is associated with the the set ?1̅,1.

[0372] In an example, if the wireless device is not provided ?0̅by failureDetectionResourcesToAddModList for a BWP of the serving cell, the wireless device determines the set ?0̅to include periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes with same values as the RS indexes in the RS sets indicated by TCI-State for respective CORESETs that the wireless device uses for monitoring PDCCH. If the UE is not provided ?0̅,0or ?0̅,1for a BWP of the serving cell, the wireless device determines the set ?0̅,0or ?0̅,1to include periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes with same values as the RS indexes in the RS sets indicated by TCI-State for first and second CORESETs that the wireless device uses for monitoring PDCCH, where the wireless device is provided two coresetPoolIndex values 0 and 1 for the first and second CORESETs, or is not provided coresetPoolIndex value for the first CORESETs and is provided coresetPoolIndex value of 1 for the second CORESETs, respectively. If there are two RS indexes in a TCI state, the set ?0̅includes RS indexes configured with qcl-Type set to 'typeD' for the corresponding TCI states. If a CORESET that the wireless device uses for monitoring PDCCH includes two TCI states and the wireless device is provided sfnSchemePdcch set to 'sfnSchemeA' or 'sfnSchemeB', the set ?0̅includes RS indexes in the RS sets associated with the two TCI states. The wireless device expects the set ?0̅to include up to two RS indexes. The wireless device expects the set ?0̅,0or the set ?0̅,1to include up to a number of ^BFDRS indexes indicated by capabilityparametername. If a number of active TCI states for PDCCH receptions in the first or second CORESETs is larger than ^BFD, the wireless device determines the set ?0̅,0or ?0̅,1to include periodic CSI-RS resource configuration indexes with same values as the RS indexes in the RS sets associated with the active TCI states for PDCCH receptions in the first or second CORESETs corresponding to search space sets according to an ascending order for monitoring periodicity. If more than one first or second CORESETs correspond to search space sets with same monitoring periodicity, the wireless device determines the order of the first or second CORESETs according to a descending order of a CORESET index. The wireless device expects single port RS in the set ?0̅, or ?0̅,0, or ?0̅,1. The wireless device expects single-port or two-port CSI-RS with frequency density equal to 1 or 3 REs per RB in the set ?1̅, or ?1̅,0, or ?1̅,1.

[0373] In an example, thresholds Qout,LR and Qin,LR correspond to the default value of rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold, as described in TS 38.133 for Qout, and to the value provided by rsrp-ThresholdSSB or rsrp-ThresholdBFR, respectively.

[0374] In an example, the physical layer of the wireless device assesses the radio link quality according to the set ?0̅, ?0̅,0, or ?0̅,1, of resource configurations against the threshold Qout,LR. For the set ?0̅, the wireless device assesses the radio link quality only according to SS / PBCH blocks on the PCell or the PSCell or periodic CSI-RS resource configurations that are quasi co-located, with the DM-RS of PDCCH receptions monitored by the wireless device. TheDocket No.: 24-1071PCT wireless device applies the Qin,LR threshold to the L1-RSRP measurement obtained from a SS / PBCH block. The wireless device applies the Qin,LRthreshold to the L1-RSRP measurement obtained for a CSI-RS resource after scaling a respective CSI-RS reception power with a value provided by powerControlOffsetSS.

[0375] In non-DRX mode operation, the physical layer of the wireless device provides an indication to higher layers when the radio link quality for all corresponding resource configurations in the set ?0̅, or in the set ?0̅,0or ?0̅,1that the wireless device uses to assess the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qout,LR. The physical layer informs the higher layers when the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qout,LR with a periodicity determined by the maximum between the shortest periodicity among the SS / PBCH blocks on the PCell or the PSCell and / or the periodic CSI-RS configurations in the set ?0̅, ?0̅,0, or ?0̅,1that the wireless device uses to assess the radio link quality and 2 msec. In DRX mode operation, the physical layer provides an indication to higher layers when the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qout,LR with a periodicity (e.g., determined as described in TS 38.133).

[0376] In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell, upon request from higher layers, the wireless device provides to higher layers the periodic CSI-RS configuration indexes and / or SS / PBCH block indexes from the set ?1̅, or ?1̅,0, or ?1̅,1and the corresponding L1-RSRP measurements that are larger than or equal to the Qin,LR threshold.

[0377] In an example, for the SCell, upon request from higher layers, the wireless device indicates to higher layers whether there is at least one periodic CSI-RS configuration index or SS / PBCH block index from the set ?1̅, or ?1̅,0, or ?1̅,1with corresponding L1-RSRP measurements that is larger than or equal to the Qin,LR threshold, and provides the periodic CSI-RS configuration indexes and / or SS / PBCH block indexes from the set ?1̅, or ?1̅,0, or ?1̅,1and the corresponding L1-RSRP measurements that are larger than or equal to the Qin,LR threshold, if any.

[0378] In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell, a wireless deviceprovided a CORESET through a link to a search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId configured by RRC message, for monitoring PDCCH in the CORESET. If the wireless device is provided recoverySearchSpaceId, the wireless device does not expect to be provided another search space set for monitoring PDCCH in the CORESET associated with the search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId.

[0379] In the example of FIG.35A, in response to triggering the BFR comprising determining a candidate beam for the BFR procedure, the wireless device may transmit a preamble via a PRACH resource associated with the BFR procedure. In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell, the wireless device can be provided, by PRACH- ResourceDedicatedBFR (e.g., in the RRC messages), a configuration for PRACH transmission. For PRACH transmission in slot ^ and according to antenna port quasi co-location parameters associated with periodic CSI-RS resource configuration or with SS / PBCH block associated with index ?newprovided by higher layers, the wireless device monitors PDCCH in a search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId for detection of a DCI format with CRCscrambled by C-RNTI or MCS-C-RNTI starting from slot ^ + 4 + 2^ ∙ ^mac, where B is the SCS configuration for thePRACH transmission and ^mac is a number of slots provided byMac or ^mac = 0 if K-Mac is not provided, within awindow configured by BeamFailureRecoveryConfig. in response to transmitting the preamble, the wireless device mayDocket No.: 24-1071PCT monitor the PDCCH via the search space provided by recoverySearchSpaceId for detection of the DCI format. For PDCCH monitoring in a search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId and for corresponding PDSCH reception, the wireless device assumes the same antenna port quasi-collocation parameters as the ones associated with index ?newuntil the wireless device receives, by higher layers, an activation for a TCI state or any of the parameters tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList and / or tci-StatesPDCCH-ToReleaseList. After the wireless device detects a DCI format with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or MCS-C-RNTI in the search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId, the wireless device continues to monitor PDCCH candidates in the search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId until the UE receives a MAC CE activation command for a TCI state or tci-StatesPDCCH- ToAddList and / or tci-StatesPDCCH-ToReleaseList.

[0380] In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell, after 28 symbols from a last symbol of a first PDCCH reception in a search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId for which the wireless device detects a DCI format with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or MCS-C-RNTI and until the wireless device receives an activation command for PUCCH- SpatialRelationInfo or is provided PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo for PUCCH resource(s), the UE transmits a PUCCH on a same cell as the PRACH transmission using a same spatial filter as for the last PRACH transmission and a powerdetermined (e.g., specified in clause 7.2.1 of TS 38.213) with ?C = 0, ?D = ?new, and E = 0.

[0381] In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell and for sets ?0̅and ?1̅, after 28 symbols from a last symbol of a first PDCCH reception in a search space set provided by where a wireless device detects a DCIformat with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or MCS-C-RNTI, the wireless device assumes same antenna port quasi- collocation parameters as the ones associated with index ?newfor PDCCH monitoring in a CORESET with index 0.

[0382] In an example, if a wireless device is provided TCI-State_r17 indicating a unified TCI state for the PCell or the PSCell, after a number of symbols from a last symbol of a first PDCCH reception in a search space set provided by recoverySearchSpaceId where the wireless device detects a DCI format with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or MCS-C- RNTI, the wireless device, if AdditionalPCIInfo is not provided, monitors PDCCH in all CORESETs, and receives PDSCH and aperiodic CSI-RS in a resource from a CSI-RS resource set with same indicated TCI state as for the PDCCH and PDSCH, using the same antenna port quasi co-location parameters as the ones associated with the corresponding index ?new, if any, and transmits PUCCH, PUSCH and SRS that uses a same spatial domain filter with same indicated TCI state as for the PUCCH and the PUSCH, using a same spatial domain filter as for the last PRACH transmission.

[0383] In an example, if a PDCCH reception includes two PDCCH candidates from two linked search space sets based on searchSpaceLinking, the last symbol of the PDCCH reception is the last symbol of the PDCCH candidate that ends later. The PDCCH reception includes the two PDCCH candidates also when the wireless device is not required to monitor one of the two PDCCH candidates.

[0384] In an example, for the PCell or the PSCell, if a BFR MAC CE is provided in Msg3 or MsgA of contention based random access procedure, and if a PUCCH resource is provided with PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, after 28 symbolsDocket No.: 24-1071PCT from the last symbol of the PDCCH reception that determines the completion of the contention based random access procedure, the wireless device transmits the PUCCH on a same cell as the PRACH transmission using a same spatialfilter as for the last PRACH transmission and a power determined with ?C = 0, ?D = ?new, and E = 0, where ?new isthe SS / PBCH block index selected for the last PRACH transmission.

[0385] In an example, if a wireless device is provided TCI-State_r17 indicating a unified TCI state for the PCell or the PSCell and the wireless device provides BFR MAC CE in Msg3 or MsgA of contention based random access procedure, after a number of symbols from the last symbol of the PDCCH reception that determines the completion of the contention based random access procedure, the wireless device, if AdditionalPCIInfo is not provided, monitors PDCCH in all CORESETs, and receives PDSCH and aperiodic CSI-RS resource in a CSI-RS resource set with same indicated TCI state as for the PDCCH and PDSCH using the same antenna port quasi co-location parameters as the ones associated with the corresponding index ?new, if any, and transmits PUCCH, PUSCH and SRS that uses a same spatial domain filter with same indicated TCI state as for the PUCCH and PUSCH, using a same spatial domain filter as for the last PRACH transmission.

[0386] In an example, a wireless device can be provided, by schedulingRequestID-BFR-SCell, a configuration for PUCCH transmission with a link recovery request (LRR) for the wireless device to transmit PUCCH. If the PCell or the PSCell is associated with sets ?0̅,0and ?1̅,0, and with sets ?0̅,1and ?1̅,1, the wireless device can be provided by schedulingRequestIDForMTRPBFR a first configuration for PUCCH transmission with a LRR and, if the wireless device provides twoLRRcapability, a second configuration for PUCCH transmission with a LRR. If the wireless device is provided only the first configuration, the wireless device transmits a PUCCH with LRR for either set ?0̅,0or ?0̅,1. If the wireless device is provided both the first and second configurations, the wireless device uses the first configuration to transmit a PUCCH with LRR associated with set ?0̅,0and the second configuration to transmit a PUCCH with LRR associated with set ?0̅,1.

[0387] In an example, the wireless device can provide in a first PUSCH MAC CE index(es) for at least corresponding SCell(s) with radio link quality worse than Qout,LR, indication(s) of presence of ?newfor corresponding SCell(s), and index(es) ?newfor a periodic CSI-RS configuration or for a SS / PBCH block provided by higher layers, if any, for corresponding SCell(s). After 28 symbols from a last symbol of a PDCCH reception with a DCI format scheduling a PUSCH transmission with a same HARQ process number as for the transmission of the first PUSCH and having a toggled NDI field value, the wireless device monitors PDCCH in all CORESETs on the SCell(s) indicated by the MAC CE using the same antenna port quasi co-location parameters as the ones associated with the corresponding index(es) ?new, if any, and transmits PUCCH on a PUCCH-SCell using a same spatial domain filter as the one corresponding to?new, if any, for periodic CSI-RS or SS / PBCH block reception, and using a power determined with ?u = 0, ?d = ?new,and E = 0, if the wireless device is provided PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo for the PUCCH and a PUCCH with the LRRwas either not transmitted or was transmitted on the PCell or the PSCell, and the PUCCH-SCell is included in theDocket No.: 24-1071PCT SCell(s) indicated by the MAC-CE, where the SCS configuration for the 28 symbols is the smallest of the SCS configurations of the active DL BWP for the PDCCH reception and of the active DL BWP(s) of the at least one SCell.

[0388] In an example, if a wireless device is provided TCI-State_r17 indicating a unified TCI state, after a number of symbols from a last symbol of a PDCCH reception with a DCI format scheduling a PUSCH transmission with a same HARQ process number as for the transmission of the first PUSCH and having a toggled NDI field value, the wireless device monitors PDCCH in all CORESETs, and receives PDSCH and aperiodic CSI-RS in a resource from a CSI-RS resource set using the same antenna port quasi co-location parameters as the ones associated with the corresponding index ?new, if any, and transmits PUCCH, PUSCH and SRS that uses a same spatial domain filter with same indicated TCI state as for the PUCCH and PUSCH, using a same spatial domain filter as the one corresponding to ?new, if any.

[0389] In an example, for serving cells associated with sets ?0̅,0and ?1̅,0, and with sets ?0̅,1and ?1̅,1, the wireless device can provide in a second PUSCH MAC CE index(es) for cell(s) with ?0̅,0and / or ?0̅,1having radio link quality worse than Qout,LR, the index(es) of those ?0̅,0and / or ?0̅,1, and indication(s) of presence of ?newand of index(es) ?new, if any, from corresponding sets ?1̅,0and / or ?1̅,1for the serving cells.

[0390] In an example, for serving cells associated with sets ?0̅,0and ?1̅,0, and with sets ?0̅,1and ?1̅,1, and having radio link quality worse than Qout,LR, after 28 symbols from a last symbol of a first PDCCH reception with a DCI format scheduling a PUSCH transmission with a same HARQ process number as for transmission of the second PUSCH and having a toggled NDI field value, the wireless device assumes antenna port quasi-collocation parameters corresponding to ?newfrom ?1̅,0, if any, for the first CORESETs and corresponding to ?newfrom ?1̅,1, if any, for the second CORESETs, where the SCS configuration for the 28 symbols is the smallest of the SCS configurations of the active DL BWP for the PDCCH reception and of the active DL BWP(s) of the serving cells.

[0391] In an example, when performing the BFR procedure, the MAC entity of the wireless device may be configured by RRC per Serving Cell with a beam failure recovery procedure which is used for indicating to the serving gNB of a new SSB or CSI-RS when beam failure is detected on the serving SSB(s) / CSI-RS(s). Beam failure is detected by counting beam failure instance indication from the lower layers to the MAC entity. If beamFailureRecoveryConfig is reconfigured by upper layers during an ongoing Random Access procedure for beam failure recovery for SpCell, the MAC entity shall stop the ongoing Random Access procedure and initiate a Random Access procedure using the new configuration. In an example, the one or more RRC messages, may further comprise, for the BFR procedure, configuration parameters (e.g., in the BeamFailureRecoveryConfig, BeamFailureRecoverySCellConfig, and the RadioLinkMonitoringConfig) for the Beam Failure Detection and Recovery procedure, comprising beamFailureInstanceMaxCount for the beam failure detection, beamFailureDetectionTimer for the beam failure detection, beamFailureRecoveryTimer for the beam failure recovery procedure, rsrp-ThresholdSSB: an RSRP threshold for the SpCell beam failure recovery, rsrp-ThresholdBFR: an RSRP threshold for the SCell beam failure recovery, powerRampingStep: powerRampingStep for the SpCell beam failure recovery, powerRampingStepHighPriority: powerRampingStepHighPriority for the SpCell beam failure recovery, preambleReceivedTargetPower:Docket No.: 24-1071PCT preambleReceivedTargetPower for the SpCell beam failure recovery, preambleTransMax: preambleTransMax for the SpCell beam failure recovery, ssb-perRACH-Occasion: ssb-perRACH-Occasion for the SpCell beam failure recovery using contention-free Random Access Resources, ra-ResponseWindow: the time window to monitor response(s) for the SpCell beam failure recovery using contention-free Random Access Resources, prach-ConfigurationIndex: prach- ConfigurationIndex for the SpCell beam failure recovery using contention-free Random Access Resources, ra-ssb- OccasionMaskIndex: ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex for the SpCell beam failure recovery using contention-free Random Access Resources, ra-OccasionList: ra-OccasionList for the SpCell beam failure recovery using contention-free Random Access Resources, candidateBeamRSList: list of candidate beams for SpCell beam failure recovery, candidateBeamRSSCellList: list of candidate beams for SCell beam failure recovery and etc.

[0392] In an example, one or more variables are used for the beam failure detection procedure. The one or more variables comprise BFI_COUNTER (per Serving Cell), which is a counter for beam failure instance indication which is initially set to 0. In an example, the MAC entity of the wireless device shall, for each Serving Cell configured for beam failure detection, start or restart the beamFailureDetectionTimer, if beam failure instance indication has been received from lower layers, and increment BFI_COUNTER by 1. If BFI_COUNTER >= beamFailureInstanceMaxCount, the MAC entity of the wireless device may trigger a BFR for this Serving Cell if the Serving Cell is SCell or initiate a Random Access procedure on the SpCell if the Serving Cell is SpCell. If the beamFailureDetectionTimer expires or if beamFailureDetectionTimer, beamFailureInstanceMaxCount, or any of the reference signals used for beam failure detection is reconfigured by upper layers associated with this Serving Cell, the MAC layer of the wireless device set BFI_COUNTER to 0. If the Serving Cell is SpCell and the Random Access procedure initiated for SpCell beam failure recovery is successfully completed, the MAC layer of the wireless device set BFI_COUNTER to 0, stop the beamFailureRecoveryTimer, if configured, and / or consider the Beam Failure Recovery procedure successfully completed. If the Serving Cell is SCell, and a PDCCH addressed to C-RNTI indicating uplink grant for a new transmission is received for the HARQ process used for the transmission of the BFR MAC CE or Truncated BFR MAC CE which contains beam failure recovery information of this Serving Cell or if the SCell is deactivated, the MAC layer of the wireless device set BFI_COUNTER to 0 and / or consider the Beam Failure Recovery procedure successfully completed and cancel all the triggered BFRs for this Serving Cell.

[0393] In an example, the MAC entity of the wireless device instructs the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate the BFR MAC CE if the Beam Failure Recovery procedure determines that at least one BFR has been triggered and not cancelled for an SCell for which evaluation of the candidate beams has been completed and if UL- SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP. The MAC entity of the wireless device instructs the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate the Truncated BFR MAC CE if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and if the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the Truncated BFR MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of LCP, otherwise,Docket No.: 24-1071PCT the MAC layer of the wireless device triggers the SR for SCell beam failure recovery for each SCell for which BFR has been triggered, not cancelled, and for which evaluation of the candidate beams has been completed.

[0394] In an example, all BFRs triggered for an SCell are cancelled when a MAC PDU is transmitted and this PDU includes a BFR MAC CE or Truncated BFR MAC CE which contains beam failure information of that SCell.

[0395] FIG.35B shows an example of BFI indications for a BFR procedure when CSI-RS is used as a RS for BFD. In an example, a wireless device is able to evaluate whether the downlink radio link quality on the CSI-RS resource in setq0(configured for a beam failure detection) estimated over a last TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS ms period becomes worse than thethreshold Qout_LR_CSI-RS within TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS ms period. The value of TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS is defined in Table 8.5.3.2-1 of TS 38.133 for FR1.

[0396] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as BFD RS resources, for FR1, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS) is max(50, ceil(MBFD*P*PBFD)*TCSI-RS) ms for beam failure detection (BFD). TCSI-RSis the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. MBFD= 10 if the CSI-RS resource configured for BFD is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. PBFD is a value depending on a cell configuration of the cell, e.g., whether the cell is a PCell / PSCell in EN- DC or NE-DC or SA, or a PCell in NR-DC, whether the UE is configured for beam failure detection on an SCell, whether the RS is configured for an SCell, etc. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(50, Ceil(1.5*MBFD*P*PBFD)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRX is the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(MBFD*P*PBFD)*TDRXif DRX >320ms.

[0397] In an example, when CSI-RS resources are configured as BFD RS resources, for FR2, if DRX is not configured, an evaluation period (TEvaluate_BFD_CSI-RS) is max(50, ceil(MBFD*P*N*PBFD)*TCSI-RS) ms for beam failure detection (BFD). TCSI-RSis the periodicity of the CSI-RS resources configured for RLM. MBFD= 10 if the CSI-RS resource configured for BFD is transmitted with higher layer CSI-RS parameter density set to 3 and over the bandwidth ≥ 24 PRBs. P is a scaling factor considering measurement gap overlapping with one or more CSI-RS transmission occasions. PBFD is a value depending on a cell configuration of the cell, e.g., whether the cell is a PCell / PSCell in EN- DC or NE-DC or SA, or a PCell in NR-DC, whether the UE is configured for beam failure detection on an SCell, whether the RS is configured for an SCell, etc. N=1 for FR2. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Max(50, Ceil(1.5*MBFD*P*N*PBFD)*Max(TDRX, TCSI-RS)) if DRX <=320ms. TDRX is the DRX cycle length. If DRX is configured, the evaluation period is Ceil(MBFD*P*N*PBFD)*TDRXif DRX >320ms.

[0398] In an example, when the radio link quality on all the RS resources in set q 0 is worse than Qout_LR, layer 1 ofthe wireless device sends a beam failure instance (or BFI) indication to the higher layers. The beam failure instanceevaluation for the RS resources in set q 0 may be performed as specified in clause 6 in TS 38.213. Two successiveindications from layer 1 shall be separated by at least TIndication_interval_BFD.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0399] In an example, when DRX is not used, TIndication_interval_BFD is max(2ms, TSSB-RS,M) ) or max(2ms, TCSI-RS,M),where TSSB-RS,M and TCSI-RS,M is the shortest periodicity of all RS resources in set q 0 for the accessed cell,corresponding to either the shortest periodicity of the SSB in the set q 0 or CSI-RS resource in the set q 0.

[0400] In an example, when DRX is used, for CSI-RS based link- TIndication_interval_BFD= Max(1.5*DRX_cycle_length, 1.5*TCSI-RS,M), ≤ 320ms, - = if > 320ms.- = , ≤ 320ms, - = Max measCyclePSCell), if DRX_cycle_length > 320ms.

[0402] BFI the wirelessdevice, may a e.g., based on example embodiments described above with respect to FIG.35A, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0403] In an example, when a wireless device transitions between DRX and no DRX or when DRX cycle periodicity changes, for each BFD-RS resource, for a duration of time equal to the evaluation period corresponding to the second mode after the transition occurs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is no less than the minimum of evaluation period corresponding to the first mode and the second mode. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second mode for each BFD-RS resource.

[0404] In an example, when a wireless device transitions from a first configuration of BFD resources to a second configuration of BFD resources that is different from the first configuration, for each BFD resource present in the second configuration, for a duration of time equal to the evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration after the transition occurs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is no less than the minimum of evaluation periods corresponding to the first configuration and the second configuration. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration for each BFD resource present in the second configuration.

[0405] In an example, when the wireless device transitions from a first configuration of active TCI state of the CORESET to a second configuration of active TCI state of the CORESET, for each CSI-RS for BFD present in the second configuration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second configuration from the time of transition.

[0406] In an example, for a wireless device supporting NCD-SSB-based beam failure detection, when the wireless device transitions between BFD CD-SSB resource and BFD NCD-SSB resource due to BWP switching during one evaluation period, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is the maximum of the evaluation period corresponding to the first SSB type and the second SSB type after the BWP switching. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB type for each BFD-RS resource.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0407] In existing technologies, the SSB periodicity of a cell is configured by RRC messages, e.g., a SIB1 message or a ServingCellConfigComm IE, etc., based on examples of FIG.25 and / or FIG.31. A wireless device performs RLM / BFR and / or type0-PDCCH CSS set monitoring based on the RRC-configured SSB periodicity, e.g., based on examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B. Once the SSB periodicity is configured by the RRC messages, the wireless device determines that the SSBs are transmitted with the configured SSB periodicity until receiving a new RRC message (e.g., a SIB1 message, a ServingCellConfigComm IE, a ServingCellConfig IE, a BWP-DownlinkDedicated IE, etc.,) indicating a change of the SSB periodicity and / or power / beam.

[0408] Upon receiving, by RRC layer of the wireless device, the new RRC message indicating the change of the SSB periodicity / power / beam, the RRC layer of the wireless device instructs the physical layer and / or the MAC layer of the wireless device to reset the MAC entity and / or re-initiate / restart the RLM / BFR (e.g., stop T310 for the PCell, stop T312 for the PCell, reset the counters N310 and N311, etc.,). Processing the RRC messages may take 10 ms or more for the wireless device. In existing technologies, the processing of SSB periodicity change is managed directly by the RRC layer of the wireless device, not by the MAC layer and / or the physical layer of the wireless device.

[0409] In existing technologies, for network energy saving, a base station may dynamically update / change / adapt the SSB periodicity of the cell, e.g., by a DCI or a MAC CE, instead of RRC messages. In an example, the base station may configure multiple SSB periodicity values in RRC messages. The base station may indicate, e.g., by the DCI / MAC CE, one of the multiple SSB periodicity values to be used for the network energy saving. In an example, when there is a small number of wireless devices operating in the cell, or when the wireless device(s) in the cell do not require frequent downlink / uplink time / frequency synchronization with the base station (e.g., when the wireless device(s) is static not moving, or when the wireless device(s) are ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices)), the base station may reduce SSB periodicity and indicate the reduced SSB periodicity by the DCI / MAC CE.

[0410] However, different from the legacy system where the SSB periodicity is updated / changed by RRC messages (e.g., SIB1 message or ServingCellConfigComm IE, etc.,), for network energy saving, using DCI / MAC CE to update the SSB periodicity by the base station may cause problems for wireless device(s) when the wireless device(s) is performing RLM / BFR procedure (and / or a RA associated with the RLM / BFR procedure) and / or type0-PDCCH CSS monitoring.

[0411] In an example, the wireless device, by implementing existing technologies, always uses the RRC-configured SSB periodicity for the RLM / BFR procedure and / or the type0-PDCCH CSS monitoring. The wireless device, by implementing existing technologies, does not expect the SSB periodicity to change dynamically. However, in order to support SSB-periodicity-adaptation-based network energy saving, the base station may configure multiple SSB periodicity values by RRC messages, in which case, the wireless device, by implementing existing technologies, may have difficulties in determining which one of the multiple SSB periodicity values is used for the RLM / BFR procedure and / or the type0-PDCCH CSS monitoring.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0412] In an example, when the physical layer of the wireless device receives a DCI indicating an SSB periodicity update (or when the MAC layer of the wireless device receives a MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity update), the RRC layer of the wireless device may not be aware of the SSB periodicity update indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, in which case, the wireless device, by implementing existing technologies, may always use the initial / default SSB periodicity value for the RLM / BFR procedure and / or type0-PDCCH CSS monitoring. Existing technologies, when implemented for the SSB-periodicity-adaptation-based network energy saving, may increase power consumption of the wireless device, unnecessarily trigger an RLF / BFR procedure and / or increase SI transmission delay, etc.

[0413] One or more example embodiments comprising assessing, by a wireless device, once per indication period a radio link quality of a cell, evaluated on RLM RSs over the (previous / last) time period against thresholds (e.g., Qoutand Qin configured by rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold). The wireless device determines the indication period as the maximum between a first number (e.g., 10msec when DRX is not configured or a DRX period of the DRX when the DRX is configured) and the shortest periodicity of the RLM RSs. When / if the RLM RSs comprise SSBs and the periodicity of the SSBs is adapted / changed / updated / activated by a DCI / MAC CE (subject to the UE’s capability), the wireless device determines, in response to receiving an SSB periodicity adaptation indication in the DCI / MAC CE, that the shortest periodicity of the RLM RSs is based on the adapted / changed / updated / activated SSB periodicity and / or the CSI-RS periodicity (if CSI-RS is comprised in the RLM RSs). When / if the RLM RSs comprise SSBs and the periodicity of the SSBs is configured by RRC messages, the wireless device determines that the shortest periodicity is based on the RRC-configured SSB periodicity and / or the CSI-RS periodicity (if CSI-RS is comprised in the RLM RSs).

[0414] One or more example embodiments comprising evaluating / determining / assessing, by a wireless device, whether a downlink radio link quality on configured RLM-RS resources estimated over a first evaluation period becomes worse than a configured threshold (e.g., Qout_SSB) within the first evaluation period. When the RLM RSs comprise SSBs and the periodicity of the SSBs is adapted / changed / updated / activated by a DCI / MAC CE (subject to the UE’s capability), the wireless device determines, in response to receiving an SSB periodicity adaptation indication in the DCI / MAC CE, that the first evaluation period is determined based on the adapted / changed / updated / activated SSB periodicity (and a DRX period of a DRX operation if the DRX operation is configured). When / if the RLM RSs comprise SSBs and the periodicity of the SSBs is configured by RRC messages, the wireless device determines that the first evaluation period is determined based on the RRC-configured SSB periodicity (and a DRX period of a DRX operation if the DRX operation is configured).

[0415] One or more example embodiments comprising receiving, by a wireless device, one or more RRC messages comprising a first value of a periodicity for SSBs of a cell and a second value of the periodicity for the SSBs. The wireless device performs a beam failure detection procedure (comprising incrementing one or more BFR counters) based on measuring one or more beam failure detection reference signals associated with the SSBs with the first value of the periodicity. The wireless device performs the RA triggered by a BFR procedure. The wireless device receives a DCI / MAC CE comprising an indication of an adaptation / change / update / activation of the second value. Based onDocket No.: 24-1071PCT receiving the first DCI, the wireless device resets one or more BFR counters (e.g., BFI counter) to an initial value (e.g., 0) for a beam failure detection procedure.

[0416] One or more example embodiments comprising monitoring, by a wireless device, configured SSBs of RLM- RSs for recovery, upon a start of a first timer (e.g., T310), using an evaluation period and a layer 1 indication interval until the expiry or stop of the first timer. When the periodicity of the SSBs is adapted / changed / updated / activated by a DCI / MAC CE (subject to the UE’s capability), the wireless device determines the length of the evaluation period and the length of the layer 1 indication interval based on the adapted / changed / updated / activated SSB periodicity. When the periodicity of the SSBs is configured by RRC messages, the wireless device determines the length of the evaluation period and the length of the layer 1 indication interval based on the RRC-configured SSB periodicity.

[0417] One or more example embodiments comprising transitioning / adapting / changing / updating, by a wireless device between a first SSB periodicity and a second SSB periodicity when the wireless device supports a DCI / MAC CE-based SSB periodicity adaptation and / or the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation. When the wireless device transitions (on the same active BWP of the cell) between the first SSB periodicity and the second SSB periodicity due to the SSB periodicity adaptation indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, for each SSB of the SSBs comprised in RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources), for a duration of time equal to the evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB periodicity after the transition occurs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is no less than the minimum of evaluation periods corresponding to the first SSB periodicity and the second periodicity. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB periodicity for each RLM-RS resource (or each BFR-RS resource). For radio link failure detection, the wireless device applies the embodiment (for determining an evaluation period) for both out-of-sync evaluation and in-sync evaluation of the monitored cell.

[0418] One or more example embodiments comprising transitioning / adapting / changing / updating, by a wireless device between a first SSB periodicity (for RLM / BFD) and a second SSB periodicity (for RLM / BFD) when the wireless device supports a DCI / MAC CE-based SSB periodicity adaptation and / or the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation. When the wireless device transitions (on the same active BWP of the cell) between the first SSB periodicity and the second SSB periodicity, due to the SSB periodicity adaptation indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, for each SSB of RLM / BFD RSs, the wireless device uses an evaluation period determined based on the second SSB periodicity from the time of transition. For radio link failure detection, the wireless device applies the embodiment (for determining an evaluation period) for both out-of-sync evaluation and in-sync evaluation of the monitored cell.

[0419] One or more example embodiments comprising transitioning / adapting / changing / updating, by a wireless device between a first SSB periodicity (for RLM / BFD) and a second SSB periodicity (for RLM / BFD) when the wireless device supports a DCI / MAC CE-based SSB periodicity adaptation and / or the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation. When the wireless device transitions (on the same active BWP of the cell)Docket No.: 24-1071PCT between the first SSB periodicity and the second SSB periodicity, due to the SSB periodicity adaptation indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, during one evaluation period, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is the maximum of the evaluation periods corresponding to the first SSB periodicity and the second SSB periodicity after the SSB periodicity adaption. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB periodicity for each SSB of RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources).

[0420] One or more example embodiments comprising receiving, by a wireless device, one or more RRC messages comprising a first value of a periodicity for SSBs of a cell and a second value of the periodicity for the SSBs. The wireless device monitors, via the cell, a type0-PDCCH CSS set with a first monitoring periodicity equal to the first value. The wireless device receives a first DCI / MAC CE comprising an indication of an adaptation / change / update / activation of the periodicity to the second value. The wireless device monitors, via the cell, the type0-PDCCH CSS set with a second monitoring periodicity, wherein the second monitoring periodicity is, based on receiving the first DCI, equal to the second value. The wireless device receives a second DCI via the type0-PDCCH CSS set.

[0421] One or more example embodiments comprising receiving, by a wireless device, one or more RRC messages comprising a first value of a periodicity for SSBs of a cell and a second value of the periodicity for the SSBs. The wireless device monitors, via the cell, a type0-PDCCH CSS set with a first monitoring periodicity equal to the first value. The wireless device receives a first DCI / MAC CE comprising an indication of an adaptation / change / update / activation of the second value. Based on receiving the first DCI / MAC CE, the wireless device monitors, via the cell, the type0- PDCCH CSS set with the first monitoring periodicity equal to the first value. The wireless device receives a second DCI via the type0-PDCCH CSS set.

[0422] One or more example embodiments comprising receiving, by a wireless device, one or more RRC messages comprising a first value of a periodicity for SSBs of a cell and a second value of the periodicity for the SSBs. The wireless device performs an RA based on receiving the SSBs with the first value of the periodicity. The wireless device performs the RA triggered by a BFR procedure. The wireless device receives a DCI / MAC CE comprising an indication of an adaptation / change / update / activation of the second value. Based on receiving the DCI / MAC CE, the wireless device stops the ongoing RA procedure triggered by the BFR procedure.

[0423] FIG.37 shows an example embodiment of RLM (and / or RLF / BFR) procedure based on a dynamic adaptation of SSB periodicity of a cell for network energy saving.

[0424] In the example of FIG.37, a wireless device (e.g., UE) receives, at T0, from a base station (e.g., gNB) one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages comprise configuration parameters of a serving cell configuration of a cell. The configuration parameters indicate 1stperiodicity value of SSBs of the cell and 2ndperiodicity value(s) of the SSBs of the cell.

[0425] In an example, the 2ndSSB periodicity value(s) may be longer / larger than the 1stSSB periodicity value, so that the base station reduces power consumption for the SSB transmissions, e.g., when the load of the cell is low.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0426] In an example, the configuration parameters comprise a first field indicating the 1stperiodicity value and a second field indicating the 2ndperiodicity value(s), e.g., based on example embodiments of FIG.38 which will be described later in this specification.

[0427] In an example, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a SIB1 message (e.g., based on examples of FIG.25), and / or a ServingCellConfigComm IE (e.g., based on examples of FIG.31).

[0428] In an example, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a ServingCellConfig IE, which is not shown in FIG.37.

[0429] In an example, the one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of an RLM / BFR procedure. The configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may be implemented based on examples of FIG.34. The configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may indicate one or more RLM / RLF / BFR RSs comprising one or more SSBs of the SSBs of the cell and / or one or more CSI-RSs of the cell.

[0430] In the example of FIG.37, upon receiving the one or more RRC messages, the wireless device performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on the one or more RLM / RLF / BFR RSs according to the configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may be based on the examples of FIG. FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B., wherein the SSB periodicity used for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure is the 1stperiodicity value.

[0431] In an example, the wireless device uses (e.g., between T0 and T1 in FIG.37) the 1stperiodicity value to determine an RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD , etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0432] In the example of FIG.37, the wireless device uses an initial / default SSB periodicity value for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The initial / default SSB periodicity value may be the 1stperiodicity value.

[0433] In an example, the base station may indicate one of the 1stperiodicity value and the 2ndperiodicity value(s) as the initial / default SSB periodicity value. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a parameter (explicitly or implicitly) indicating that one of the 1stperiodicity value and the 2ndperiodicity value(s) is the initial / default SSB periodicity value. In response to receiving the one or more RRC messages comprising the parameter indicating that one of the 1stperiodicity value and the 2ndperiodicity value(s) is the initial / default SSB periodicity value, the wireless device uses the indicated periodicity value for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure upon receiving the one or more RRC messages.

[0434] Based on the example embodiment, by explicitly / implicitly configuring an initial / default SSB periodicity value when multiple values are configured, the wireless device and / or the base station determine to use the indicated initial / default SSB periodicity of a cell for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. Example embodiments may align the base station and the wireless device regarding the initial SSB periodicity upon the cell is configured and before the SSB periodicity adaptation indication is received (e.g., at T1 in the example of FIG.37). Allowing the SSBs to be transmittedDocket No.: 24-1071PCT with a periodicity different than the existing SSB periodicity upon the cell is configured / activated may reduce power consumption of the base station.

[0435] In the example of FIG.37, the wireless device receives from the base station, at T1, a 1stDCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation (and / or a network energy saving operation). The 1stDCI / MAC CE may comprise a field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to a new SSB periodicity value. The new SSB periodicity value may be one of the 2ndSSB periodicity value(s).

[0436] In an example, the 1stDCI / MAC CE may not indicate an active BWP switching or may not comprise a BWP index indicator for the active BWP switching on the cell. The wireless device performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure on the same active BWP of the cell before receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T0 and T1) and after receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T1 and T2).

[0437] In an example, the 1stDCI / MAC CE may not indicate a reconfiguration of RLM / BFR configuration parameters. The wireless device performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure using the same RLM / BFR configuration (e.g., RLM / BFR RS configuration, threshold / counter / timer configuration, etc., based on examples of FIG.34) before receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T0 and T1) and after receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T1 and T2).

[0438] In an example, the 1stDCI / MAC CE may not indicate a change of the SSBs from CD-SSBs to NCD-SSBs or from the NCD-SSBs to the CD-SSBs. The wireless device performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure using the same CD- SSBs (or NCD-SSBs) before receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T0 and T1) and after receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE (e.g., between T1 and T2).

[0439] In an example embodiment, the physical layer of the wireless device may indicate to higher layer (e.g., MAC / RRC layer) of the wireless device that the SSB periodicity adaptation indication is received (or a network energy saving indication is received) in response to the physical layer receiving the DCI comprising the field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to a new SSB periodicity value.

[0440] In an example embodiment, the MAC layer of the wireless device may indicate to higher layer (e.g., RRC layer) of the wireless device that the SSB periodicity adaptation indication is received (or a network energy saving indication is received) in response to the MAC layer receiving the MAC CE comprising the field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to a new SSB periodicity value.

[0441] In response to receiving from the lower layer (e.g., the physical layer or the MAC layer of the wireless device) the indication, the higher layer (e.g., the MAC / RRC layer) may re-initiate / re-start the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on the new SSB periodicity value.

[0442] In response to receiving from the lower layer (e.g., the physical layer or the MAC layer of the wireless device) the indication, the higher layer (e.g., the MAC / RRC layer) may stop T310 for a PCell (on which the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure is ongoing and the SSB periodicity is changed / adapted / updated to the new SSB periodicity value by the DCI / MAC CE), stop T312 for the PCell, and / or reset the counters N310 and N311 (e.g., to an initial value, 0, or 1), etc. T310, T312, N310 and N311 may be implemented based on examples of FIG.32. The timer values of the T310 andDocket No.: 24-1071PCT T312 may be configured by the one or more RRC messages for the RLM / BFR procedure. The values of N310 and N311 may be configured by the one or more RRC messages for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure.

[0443] In an example, the wireless device may start T310 upon detecting physical layer problems for the SpCell i.e. upon receiving N310 consecutive out-of-sync indications from lower layers (e.g., the physical layer or the MAC layer). The wireless device may stop T310 upon: receiving N311 consecutive in-sync indications from lower layers for the SpCell, receiving RRCReconfiguration with reconfigurationWithSync for a cell group, reception of MobilityFromNRCommand, the reconfiguration of rlf-TimersAndConstant, initiating the connection re-establishment procedure, conditional reconfiguration execution (e.g., when applying a stored RRCReconfiguration message including reconfigurationWithSync for a cell group), and / or initiating the MCG failure information procedure. When T310 expires for MCG, if AS security is not activated, the wireless device goes to RRC_IDLE, otherwise (if AS security is activated), the wireless device initiates the MCG failure information procedure or the connection re-establishment procedure, etc.

[0444] In an example, the wireless device starts T312 for a MCG upon triggering a measurement report for a measurement identity for which T312 has been configured and useT312 has been set to true, while T310 in PCell is running. The wireless device stops T312 upon: receiving N311 consecutive in-sync indications from lower layers for the SpCell, receiving RRCReconfiguration with reconfigurationWithSync for that cell group, reception of MobilityFromNRCommand, initiating the connection re-establishment procedure, the reconfiguration of rlf- TimersAndConstant, initiating the MCG failure information procedure, upon conditional reconfiguration execution (e.g., when applying a stored RRCReconfiguration message including reconfigurationWithSync for that cell group), and / or upon the expiry of T310 in corresponding SpCell. When T312 expires for the MCG, the wireless device initiates the MCG failure information procedure or the connection re-establishment procedure.

[0445] Based on the example embodiments, the wireless device resets counters (N310, N311, etc.,) and stops timers (T310, T312, etc.,) associated with RLM / BFR / RLF in response to receiving a DCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation / update / change, e.g., when configuration parameters of the RLM / BFR / RLF procedures have not been reconfigured (e.g., by receiving another RRC message).

[0446] Example embodiments may reduce the chance of unnecessarily triggering an RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., when the SSB periodicity is changed to a longer / larger value. If not implementing the example embodiments, the wireless device uses the original shorter SSB periodicity to measure SSBs for out-of-sync, in-sync determination. However, since the SSBs are transmitted with the longer SSB periodicity, the wireless device does not detect SSBs in some SSB occasions which may cause increased out-of-sync indications, and / or reduced in-sync indications. Existing technologies may unnecessarily trigger an RLF / BFR procedure, when the out-of-sync indications are increased and / or the in-sync indication are reduced.

[0447] Example embodiments may reduce power consumption of the wireless device, e.g., when the SSB periodicity is changed to a longer value.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0448] In the example of FIG.37, in response to receiving the 1stDCI / MAC CE, the wireless device uses (e.g., between T1 and T2) the new periodicity value to determine an RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD , etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG. 33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0449] In the example of FIG.37, the wireless device receives from the base station, at T2, a 2ndDCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation (and / or a network energy saving operation). The 2ndDCI / MAC CE may comprise a field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the initial / default SSB periodicity value. The initial / default SSB periodicity value may be the 1stSSB periodicity value.

[0450] In an example embodiment, the physical layer of the wireless device may indicate to higher layer (e.g., MAC / RRC layer) of the wireless device that the SSB periodicity adaptation indication is received (or a network energy saving indication is received) in response to the physical layer receiving the DCI comprising the field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the initial / default SSB periodicity value.

[0451] In an example embodiment, the MAC layer of the wireless device may indicate to higher layer (e.g., RRC layer) of the wireless device that the SSB periodicity adaptation indication is received (or a network energy saving indication is received) in response to the MAC layer receiving the MAC CE comprising the field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the initial / default SSB periodicity value.

[0452] In response to receiving from the lower layer (e.g., the physical layer or the MAC layer of the wireless device the indication, the higher layer (e.g., the MAC / RRC layer) may re-initiate / re-start the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on the initial / default SSB periodicity value.

[0453] In the example of FIG.37, in response to receiving the 2ndDCI / MAC CE, the wireless device uses (e.g., after T2) the new periodicity value to determine an RLM / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD , etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0454] By implementing example embodiments of FIG.37, the wireless device, in response to receiving a DCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity update / adaptation / change, uses the new SSB periodicity for determining RLM / RLF / BFR indication / evaluation period, resets counters of RLM / RLF / BFR, and / or stops timers for the RLM / RLF / BFR, etc. Example embodiments may reduce power consumption of the wireless device, reduce the chance of unnecessarily triggering an RLF / BFR procedure, etc.

[0455] FIG.38 shows an example embodiment of configuration of SSB periodicity of a cell for network energy saving.

[0456] In the example of FIG.38, an RRC message (e.g., the one or more RRC messages of FIG.37), indicating a serving cell configuration of a cell, may comprise a plurality of RRC information elements (IEs) or fields.

[0457] In the example of FIG.38, the RRC message may be a ServingCellConfigComm IE.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0458] In an example, the RRC message may be a SIB1 message, a ServingCellConfig IE, a BWP- DownlinkDedicated IE, etc.

[0459] In the example of FIG.38, the RRC message may comprise a first SSB periodicity value (e.g., indicated by the ssb-periodicityServingCell field / IE). The first SSB periodicity value may be configured by using the existing ssb- periodicityServingCell field / IE of the RRC message. The value indicated by the ssb-periodicityServingCell field / IE may be one of 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms, etc.

[0460] In the example of FIG.38, the RRC message may comprise one or more second SSB periodicity values (e.g., indicated by the additionalssb-periodicityListServingCell field / IE, or additionalssb-periodicityServingCell in case only one additional value is configured). The additionalssb-periodicityListServingCell field / IE, or additionalssb- periodicityServingCell field / IE is different and / or separate from the ssb-periodicityServingCell field / IE. Configuring additional field / IE for the additional SSB periodicity indication may allow the legacy wireless device to still use the existing the ssb-periodicityServingCell field / IE to determine the periodicity of the SSB, while allow the base station to use the additionalssb-periodicityListServingCell field / IE, or additionalssb-periodicityServingCell field / IE to adapt the SSB periodicity for advanced wireless devices supporting the SSB periodicity adaptation.

[0461] In the example of FIG.38, each value of the additional / second periodicity values (e.g., indicated by the additionalssb-periodicityListServingCell field / IE may be indicated by an additionalssb-periodicity field / IE.

[0462] In an example embodiment (not shown in FIG.38), a value indicated by the additionalssb-periodicity field / IE may be a number of milliseconds (e.g., 320ms, 640ms, 1280ms, etc.). The wireless device determines the new periodicity value (e.g., for the usage between T1 and T2 in FIG.37) based on a value indicated by the DCI / MAC CE.

[0463] FIG.39 shows an example embodiment of RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on a dynamic adaptation of SSB periodicity of a cell for network energy saving, e.g., based on examples of FIG.37 and / or FIG.38.

[0464] In the example of FIG.39, a wireless device (e.g., UE) receives, at T0, from a base station (e.g., gNB) one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages comprise configuration parameters of a serving cell configuration of a cell. The configuration parameters indicate 1stperiodicity value of SSBs of the cell and 2ndperiodicity value(s) of the SSBs of the cell. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of an RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may be implemented based on examples of FIG.34. The configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may indicate that one or more RLM / RLF / BFR RSs comprise one or more SSBs of the SSBs of the cell and / or one or more CSI-RSs of the cell. The one or more RRC messages may be implemented based on examples of FIG.37 and / or FIG.38.

[0465] In the example of FIG.39, upon receiving the one or more RRC messages, the wireless device performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on the one or more RLM / RLF / BFR RSs according to the configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may be based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG. 34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A, FIG.36B and / or FIG.37, wherein the SSB periodicity used for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure is the 1stperiodicity value.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0466] In an example, the wireless device uses (e.g., between T0 and T1 in FIG.39) the 1stperiodicity value (e.g., 1stvalue in FIG.39) to determine an RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD, etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A, FIG.36B and / or FIG.37.

[0467] In the example of FIG.39, the wireless device receives from the base station, at T1, a 1stDCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation (and / or a network energy saving operation). The 1stDCI / MAC CE may comprise a field indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to a new SSB periodicity value. The new SSB periodicity value may be one (e.g., 2ndvalue in the example of FIG.39) of the 2ndSSB periodicity value(s).

[0468] In the example of FIG.39, the wireless device determines an application / transition gap for applying the 2ndvalue for receiving the SSBs. The application gap may be a time gap between T1 (when the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE) and T2 where the wireless device receives the first SSB of the SSBs which is transmitted with the 2nd / new SSB periodicity value.

[0469] In an example, the time gap is used by the wireless device to process the DCI / MAC CE, transmit a confirmation feedback for the DCI / MAC CE, adjust receiver parameters for receiving the SSBs with the 2ndvalue and / or indicate to higher layer the reception of the SSB periodicity change / update / adaptation, etc.

[0470] In an example embodiment, the time gap is a number of slots.

[0471] In an example, embodiment, the number is determined / configured / preconfigured as a predefined value.

[0472] In an example embodiment, the number is determined / configured / preconfigured based on a parameter of capability information of the wireless device, wherein the parameter indicates the time gap for applying the second periodicity value, indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, for receiving the SSBs.

[0473] In an example embodiment, the number is determined / configured / preconfigured based on a SCS of an active downlink BWP of the cell. A SCS may be implemented based on examples of FIG.7.

[0474] In the example of FIG.39, the wireless device uses, within the application gap (e.g., between T1 and T2), the 1stperiodicity value (e.g., 1stvalue in FIG.39), to determine an RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD, etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG. 33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A, FIG.36B and / or FIG.37.

[0475] In the example of FIG.39, after the application gap for processing the indication and / or applying the 2ndvalue, at T2, the wireless device determine a new RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD , etc.,) and / or a new RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, based on a comparison between the 1stvalue and the 2ndvalue.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0476] In an example embodiment, after the application gap for processing the indication and / or applying the 2ndvalue, at T2, the wireless device determines a new RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period, to be used between T2 and T3 for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, based on a comparison between a length of the first evaluation period (determined based on the 1stvalue) and a length of a second evaluation period (determined based on the 2ndvalue). The wireless device determines an evaluation period based on a SSB periodicity value by implementing examples of FIG.33, FIG. 36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0477] In an example embodiment, the new RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period, to be used between T2 and T3 for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, may be the maximum value between the length of the first evaluation period and the length of the second evaluation period. Using the maximum between the first evaluation period and the second evaluation period for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation between T2 and T3 may reduce power consumption of the wireless device for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation, and / or improve robustness of the evaluation of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure when the SSB periodicity changes.

[0478] Example embodiments, by using the maximum between the first evaluation period and the second evaluation period, may be applied when receiving a 2ndDCI / MAC CE indicating a SSB periodicity adaptation / change / update to the 1stvalue (e.g., based on the examples of FIG.37). In an example, after the application gap for processing the 2ndDCI / MAC CE and / or applying the 1stvalue, at T2 of FIG.37, the wireless device determines a new RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period, to be used after the application gap for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, based on a comparison between a length of the first evaluation period (determined based on the 1stvalue) and a length of a second evaluation period (determined based on the 2ndvalue). Always using the maximum value of the first evaluation period and the second evaluation period for evaluating the RLM / RLF / BFR after the application gap or after the transition to the new SS periodicity value, regardless of adapting the SSB periodicity to a larger value or a smaller value, may reduce power consumption of the wireless device for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation, and / or improve robustness of the evaluation of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure when the SSB periodicity changes.

[0479] In another example embodiment, the new RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period, to be used between T2 and T3 for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, may be equal to the second evaluation period. Using the second evaluation period for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation between T2 and T3 may reduce power consumption of the wireless device for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation, and / or improve robustness of the evaluation of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure when the SSB periodicity changes.

[0480] In the example of FIG.39, after T3, the wireless device uses the second evaluation period for the RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation. The second evaluation period may be determined based on the 2ndvalue, by implementing examples of FIG.33, FIG.36A and / or FIG.36B.

[0481] FIG.40 shows an example embodiment of RLM / BFR procedure based on a dynamic adaptation of SSB periodicity of a cell for network energy saving, e.g., based on examples of FIG.39.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT

[0482] In the example of FIG.40, the wireless device, e.g., upon receiving the one or more RRC messages as shown in FIG.39, performs the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure based on the one or more RLM / RLF / BFR RSs according to the configuration parameters of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The RLM / RLF / BFR procedure may be based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A, FIG.36B and / or FIG.37, wherein the SSB periodicity used for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure is the 1stTSSB value. TSSB is a transmission periodicity of SSBs of the cell.

[0483] In an example, the wireless device uses the 1stTSSBvalue (e.g., 1stTSSBvalue in FIG.40) to determine an RLM / RLF / BFR indication period (e.g., TIndication_interval,TIndication_interval_BFD , etc.,) and an RLM / RLF / BFR evaluation period (e.g., TEvaluate_out_SSB, TEvaluate_in_SSB, TEvaluate_BFD_SSB, TEvaluate_CBD_SSB, etc.,) for the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure, e.g., based on the examples of FIG.32, FIG.33, FIG.34, FIG.35A, FIG.35B, FIG.36A, FIG.36B and / or FIG.37.

[0484] In the example of FIG.40, the wireless device receives a DCI / MAC CE indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation to a 2ndTSSBvalue, e.g., based on examples of FIG.37 and / or FIG.39.

[0485] In the example of FIG.40, the wireless device determines an application / transition gap for applying the 2ndTSSBvalue for receiving the SSBs. The application gap may be implemented based on examples of FIG.39.

[0486] In an example, when the wireless device, during one evaluation period, transitions (on the same active BWP of the cell) between the first SSB periodicity and the second SSB periodicity, due to the SSB periodicity adaptation indicated by the DCI / MAC CE, the wireless device uses an evaluation period that is the maximum of the evaluation periods corresponding to the first evaluation period determined based on the first SSB periodicity and the second evaluation period determined based on the SSB periodicity after the SSB periodicity adaption. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the second SSB periodicity for each SSB of RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources).

[0487] In an example embodiment, the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the 2ndTSSB value, at a time within an evaluation period of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The wireless device determines the evaluation period, to be used after the SSB periodicity is changed to the 2ndTSSBvalue, is the maximum of the evaluation periods corresponding to the first evaluation period determined based on the 1stTSSB value and the second evaluation period determined based on the 2ndTSSBvalue. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the 2ndTSSB value for each SSB of RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources). Example embodiments may reduce power consumption of the wireless device.

[0488] In an example embodiment, the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the 2ndTSSB value, at a time within an evaluation period of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The wireless device determines the evaluation period, to be used after the SSB periodicity is changed to the 2ndTSSBvalue, is the minimum of the evaluation periods corresponding to the first evaluation period determined based on the 1stTSSB value and the second evaluation period determined based on the 2ndTSSBvalue. Subsequent to this duration, the wirelessDocket No.: 24-1071PCT device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the 2ndTSSB value for each SSB of RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources). Example embodiments may reduce latency of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure.

[0489] In an example embodiment, the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the 2ndTSSB value, at a time within an evaluation period of the RLM / RLF / BFR procedure. The wireless device determines the evaluation period, to be used after the SSB periodicity is changed to the 2ndTSSB value, is the evaluation period corresponding to the second evaluation period determined based on the 2ndTSSB value. Subsequent to this duration, the wireless device uses an evaluation period corresponding to the 2ndTSSBvalue for each SSB of RLM-RS resources (or BFD-RS resources). Example embodiments may reduce implementation complexity of the wireless device.

[0490] In an example embodiment, the wireless device receives the DCI / MAC CE indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation to the 2ndTSSB value, at a time ...

Claims

Docket No.: 24-1071PCT CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, one or more messages comprising: a first periodicity value of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a bandwidth part of a cell; and a second periodicity value of the SSBs comprising one or more SSBs configured for a candidate beam detection (CBD) of a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure; evaluating, within a first evaluation period with a length determined based on the first periodicity value, whether a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP), measured on the one or more SSBs over the first evaluation period, becomes better than a threshold configured for the CBD; receiving an indication of a SSB periodicity adaptation to the second periodicity value; evaluating, within a second evaluation period, whether the L1-RSRP, measured on the one or more SSBs over the second evaluation period, becomes better than the threshold, wherein a length of the second evaluation period is determined based on the second periodicity value after an application gap for the SSB periodicity adaptation; and transmitting an uplink indication based on the measured L1-RSRP of the one or more SSBs for the BFR procedure.

2. A method comprising: evaluating, by a wireless device for a candidate beam detection (CBD), a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measured within a first evaluation period and on one or more first synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of SSBs of a cell, wherein: a length of the first evaluation period is determined based on a first periodicity value of the SSBs; and the SSBs are received on a bandwidth part (BWP) of the cell; receiving an indication of a SSB periodicity adaptation of the SSBs to a second periodicity value; evaluating the L1-RSRP measured, on one or more second SSBs of the SSBs of the BWP and within a second evaluation period, wherein a length of the second evaluation period is determined based on the second periodicity value after an application gap for the SSB periodicity adaptation; and transmitting an uplink indication based on the measured L1-RSRP of the one or more SSBs.

3. A method comprising: evaluating, by a wireless device, a radio link quality (RLQ) measured within a first period and on one or more first synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of SSBs of a cell, wherein: a length of the first period is based on a first periodicity value of the SSBs; and the SSBs are received on a bandwidth part (BWP) of the cell; receiving an indication of a SSB periodicity adaptation to a second periodicity value;Docket No.: 24-1071PCT evaluating the RLQ measured, on one or more second SSBs of the SSBs of the BWP and within a second period, wherein a length of the second period is based on the second periodicity value after an application gap of the SSB periodicity adaptation; and transmitting an uplink indication based on the measured RLQ.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the RLQ is layer-1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP).

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising evaluating, before the application gap, on the BWP and based on the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, the RLQ of the cell on one or more third SSBs of the SSBs, within a third period, wherein a length of the third period is determined based on a comparison between the length of the first period and the length of the second period.

6. The method of claim 3, further comprising evaluating, on the BWP and after receiving the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation and before the application gap, the RLQ on the one or more first SSBs within a third period, wherein a length of the third period is determined based on a comparison of the length of the first period and the length of the second period.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the length of the third period is a maximum value of the length of the first period and the length of the second period.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the length of the third period is a minimum value of the length of the first period and the length of the second period.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the length of the third period is equal to the length of the first period.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the length of the third period is equal to the length of the second period.

11. The method of any one of claims 3 to 10, further comprising evaluating, on the BWP of the cell and after the second period, the RLQ of the cell on one or more fourth SSBs within a fourth period wherein a length of the fourth period is based on the second periodicity value.

12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second periodicity value is a positive even number, wherein the wireless device receives, in response to receiving the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, the SSBs with a transmission periodicity determined based on a product of the second periodicity value and the first periodicity value.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second periodicity value is a power of two, wherein the wireless device receives, in response to receiving the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, the SSBs with a transmission periodicity based on a product of the second periodicity value and the first periodicity value.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the wireless device receives a downlink control information (DCI), a medium access control control element (MAC CE), or both the DCI and the MAC CE comprising the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation indicating the SSB periodicity adaptation from the first periodicity value to the second periodicity value.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT 15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising receiving by the wireless device, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages comprising: the first periodicity value; the second periodicity value; and configuration parameters of the one or more SSBs, of the SSBs, configured for the CBD or the RLQ or both the CBD and the RLQ.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE comprise the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation in response to the second periodicity value being present in the one or more RRC messages.

17. The method of any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE do not comprise the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation in response to the second periodicity value being absent in the one or more RRC messages.

18. The method of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE comprise the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation in response to the one or more RRC messages comprising a field indicating that a periodicity value of the SSBs of the cell is adapted by the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE.

19. The method of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE do not comprise the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation in response to the field, indicating that a periodicity value of the SSBs of the cell is adapted by the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE, being absent in the one or more RRC messages.

20. The method of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation comprises a bit: set to a first value indicating that the SSBs are transmitted with the first periodicity value; or set to a second value indicating that the SSBs are transmitted with the second periodicity value.

21. The method of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the one or more RRC messages comprise a serving cell configuration common information element (IE) for the serving cell configuration.

22. The method of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the wireless device receives the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE comprising the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, at a first slot, symbol, or interval.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the wireless device evaluates the RLQ of the cell within the second period, from a second slot, symbol, or interval, wherein the second slot, symbol, or interval occurs a number of slots, symbols, or intervals after the first slot, symbol, or interval.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second slot is a beginning slot when the wireless device receives at least one of the one or more second SSBs with the second periodicity value.

25. The method of any one of claims 23 to 24, wherein the number is determined as a predefined value.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT 26. The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the number is determined based on a parameter of capability information of the wireless device, wherein the parameter indicates a (minimum) time gap for applying the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, indicated by the DCI, the MAC CE, or both the DCI and the MAC CE, for receiving the SSBs via the BWP of the cell.

27. The method of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the number is determined based on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of an active downlink BWP of the cell.

28. The method of any one of claims 23 to 27, further comprising evaluating, between the first slot, symbol, or interval and the second slot, symbol, or interval, the RLQ on the one or more SSBs within the first period.

29. The method of any one of claims 1 to 28, further comprising determining, after applying the second periodicity value based on receiving the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation, to use a third period that is a maximum of the first period and the second period in response to transitioning from the first periodicity value and the second periodicity value during the third period.

30. The method of any one of claims 3 to 29, wherein the evaluating the RLQ within the first period comprises evaluating whether a downlink radio link quality on the one or more first SSBs estimated over a last period becomes worse than a first threshold within the first period with a length determined based on the first periodicity value.

31. The method of any one of claims 3 to 30, wherein the evaluating the RLQ within the first period comprises evaluating whether a downlink radio link quality on the one or more first SSBs estimated over a last period becomes better than a second threshold within the first period with a length determined based on the first periodicity value.

32. The method of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein in response to discontinuous reception (DRX) not being configured, the length of the first period is a maximum of: a fixed value; a multiple of the first periodicity value and a number.

33. The method of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein in response to DRX being configured with a DRX cycle equal to or less than a value, the length of the first period is a maximum of: a fixed value; and a multiple of: a maximum of a DRX cycle and the first periodicity value; and a number.

34. The method of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein the evaluating the RLQ within the second period comprises evaluating whether a downlink radio link quality on the one or more second SSBs estimated over a last period becomes worse than a first threshold within the second period with a length determined based on the second periodicity value.Docket No.: 24-1071PCT 35. The method of any one of claims 3 to 34, wherein the evaluating the RLQ comprises evaluating whether a downlink radio link quality on the one or more second SSBs estimated over a last evaluation period becomes better than a second threshold within the second period with a length determined based on the second periodicity value.

36. The method of any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein in response to DRX not being configured, the length of the second period is a maximum of: a fixed value; and a multiple of the second periodicity value and a number.

37. The method of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein in response to DRX being configured with a DRX cycle equal to or less than a value, the length of the second period is a maximum of: a fixed value; and a multiple of: a maximum of a DRX cycle and the second periodicity value; and a number.

38. The method of any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the first period or the second period is at least one of: an evaluation period; an indication period.

39. The method of any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein in response to DRX not being configured, the first period comprises a first indication period determined as a maximum of: a fixed value; and a shortest periodicity value of: the first periodicity value; or a CSI-RS periodicity value.

40. The method of any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein in response to DRX being configured, the first period comprises the first indication period determined as a maximum of: a fixed value; a multiply of a DRX cycle length and a second value; and a shortest periodicity value of: the first periodicity value; or a CSI-RS periodicity value.

41. The method of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein in response to DRX not being configured, the second period comprises a second indication period determined as a maximum of: a fixed value; and a shortest periodicity value of:Docket No.: 24-1071PCT the second periodicity value; or a CSI-RS periodicity value.

42. The method of any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein in response to DRX being configured, the second period comprises a second indication period determined as a maximum of: a fixed value; a multiply of a DRX cycle length and a second value; and a shortest periodicity value of: the second periodicity value; or a CSI-RS periodicity value.

43. The method of any one of claims 15 to 42, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI with a DCI format size configured by the one or more RRC messages for receiving the indication of the SSB periodicity adaptation.

44. The method of any one of claims 3 to 43, wherein the uplink indication comprises a preamble in response to a radio link failure being detected based on the RLQ.

45. The method of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the uplink indication comprises a BFR MAC CE for the BFR procedure.

46. The method of any one of claims 2 to 45, wherein the BWP is an active BWP of the cell.

47. The method of any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the SSBs are cell-defining SSBs.

48. The method of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the SSBs are non-cell-defining SSBs.

49. The method of any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein the cell is a secondary cell (SCell) of a plurality of cells comprising a primary cell (PCell) and one or more SCells.

50. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, one or more messages comprising: a first value of a periodicity of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of a cell; and a second value of the periodicity of the SSBs; initiating a RA procedure for a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based on one or more first SSBs, of the SSBs, transmitted with the first value of the periodicity; receiving a downlink control information (DCI) indicating an SSB periodicity adaptation from the first value to the second value; and in response to receiving the DCI, performing at least one of: resetting a beam failure indication counter to an initial value; or aborting or stopping the RA procedure.

51. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; andDocket No.: 24-1071PCT memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 50.

52. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 50.

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