Pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions
By using a MAC-CE to adjust pathloss for SRS transmissions based on downlink pathloss estimation, the UE effectively transmits to uplink-only network entities, addressing the challenge of uplink pathloss determination in wireless communications systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086164
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communications systems with uplink dense deployment, user equipment (UE) faces challenges in determining uplink pathloss for transmitting reference signals to uplink-only network entities, as these entities do not transmit downlink signals for measurement.
The UE receives a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment for SRS transmissions, allowing it to estimate downlink pathloss and adjust transmit power based on this adjustment for multiple TCI states, enabling effective SRS transmission to multiple network entities.
This approach enables accurate and efficient SRS transmission to uplink-only network entities by compensating for uplink pathloss, improving communication quality and reliability.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024086164_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PATHLOSS ADJUSTMENT INDICATION FOR SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNAL TRANSMISSIONS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] Some wireless communications systems may include an uplink dense deployment system where a first network entity transmits a downlink signal to a user equipment (UE) and the UE transmits an uplink signal to one or more additional uplink-only network entities, such as an uplink transmission reception point (TRP) .SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions. For example, the described techniques provide for a user equipment (UE) receiving a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment to apply to the SRS transmissions for multiple transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states.
[0006] The UE may estimate a downlink pathloss associated with a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The UE may receive, from the first network entity, the MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity. The pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE may be associated with SRS transmission and multiple TCI states. The UE may transmit, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0007] For example, for a semi-periodic (SP) or aperiodic (AP) SRS transmissions, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for multiple TCI states by reserved bit indications for SP or AP SRS TCI state indications, a new pathloss adjustment field in the MAC-CE, or multiple pathloss adjustment fields. In some examples, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for the multiple of TCI states for SRS pathloss reference signals. In some examples, a separate MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for a periodic (P) , SP, or AP SRS resource set.
[0008] A method for wireless communications by a UE is described. The method may include receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity, estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity, receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states, and transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0009] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and the transceiver. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive, via the transceiver, a downlink reference signal from a first network entity, estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity, receive, via the transceiver and from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states, and transmit, via the transceiver and to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0010] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity, means for estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity, means for receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states, and means for transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0011] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a downlink reference signal from a first network entity, estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity, receive, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states, and transmit, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the first network entity, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the set of multiple TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment may be enabled for the TCI state.
[0013] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE includes a set of multiple reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0014] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE includes a pathloss adjustment presence indication bit indicating whether the set of multiple reserved bits indicates the pathloss adjustment.
[0015] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE includes a pathloss adjustment field indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0016] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE further indicates whether a pathloss adjustment field is present for applying the pathloss adjustment.
[0017] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE includes a set of multiple pathloss adjustment fields indicating pathloss adjustments, each pathloss adjustment field of the set of multiple pathloss adjustment fields corresponding to a respective SRS resource or a respective TCI state of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0018] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the SRS may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting each of a set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power, the set of multiple SRSs including a respective SRS for each of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0019] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting each SRS of the set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power based on the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to each of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0020] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting each SRS of the set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power based on an absence of an indication of the set of multiple TCI states in the MAC-CE.
[0021] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting each SRS of the set of multiple SRS using the transmit power based on each SRS of the set of multiple SRSs using a respective SRS resource of an SRS resource set, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to an SRS resource within the SRS resource set that corresponds to a lowest SRS resource identifier, and a respective pathloss adjustment for each other SRS resource within the SRS resource set being based on the pathloss adjustment for the SRS resource that corresponds to the lowest SRS resource identifier.
[0022] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment is a MAC-CE for indicating TCI states for SP or AP SRS transmissions.
[0023] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment is a MAC-CE for indicating an update to pathloss reference signals for SRS transmissions.
[0024] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the MAC-CE is associated with a quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier, a quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets indicated by the MAC-CE.
[0025] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the UE may be restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities, and transmitting the one or more SRSs using the transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss may be based on the UE being restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities.
[0026] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is an offset relative to the downlink pathloss or a scaling factor for scaling the downlink pathloss.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 3 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 5 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 6 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 7 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 8 shows an example of a medium access control element that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 9 shows an example of a process flow that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIGs. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating methods that support pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] Some wireless communications systems may include an uplink dense deployment system where a first network entity transmits a downlink signal to a user equipment (UE) and the UE transmits an uplink signal to one or more additional uplink-only network entities, such as an uplink transmission reception point (TRP) . In such wireless communications systems, the UE may measure or have knowledge of a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink signal from the first network entity. However, the UE may not be able to measure or have knowledge of an uplink pathloss when transmitting reference signals to an uplink-only network entity since the uplink-only network entity does not transmit downlink signals to the UE to measure and determine the pathloss. Accordingly, transmitting reference signals in an uplink signal to the uplink-only network entity in accordance with a power adjustment (e.g., compensating for an uplink pathloss) may be difficult.
[0041] As discussed herein, a UE may receive a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment to apply to the SRS transmissions for multiple transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states. The UE may estimate a downlink pathloss associated with a downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The UE may receive, from the first network entity, the MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity. The pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE may be associated with SRS transmission and multiple TCI states. The UE may transmit, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0042] For example, for a semi-periodic (SP) or aperiodic (AP) SRS transmissions, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for multiple TCI states by reserved bit indications for SP or AP SRS TCI state indications, a new pathloss adjustment field in the MAC-CE, or multiple pathloss adjustment fields. In some examples, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for the multiple of TCI states for SRS pathloss reference signals. In some examples, a separate MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for a periodic (P) , SP, or AP SRS resource set.
[0043] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to pathloss adjustment indication for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions.
[0044] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0045] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0046] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0047] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0048] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0049] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0050] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0051] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0052] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0053] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB node (s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . The IAB donor and IAB node (s) 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.
[0054] IAB node (s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node (s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node (s) 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node (s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node (s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node (s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) , and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.
[0055] For example, IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node (s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of an IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node (s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB node (s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) . That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node (s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node (s) ) . Communications with IAB node (s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node (s) 104.
[0056] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0057] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0058] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0059] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0060] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0061] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0062] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0063] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0064] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0065] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0066] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0067] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0068] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0069] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0070] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0071] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0072] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0074] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0075] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0076] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0077] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0078] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0079] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0080] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0081] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0082] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0083] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0084] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0085] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0086] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0087] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0088] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0089] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0090] In some examples, the wireless communications systems 100 may include an uplink dense deployment system where a first network entity 105 transmits a downlink signal to a UE 115 and the UE 115 transmits an uplink signal to one or more additional uplink-only network entities 105, such as one or more additional uplink-only TRPs. In such wireless communications systems, the UE 115 may measure or have knowledge of a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink signal from the first network entity 105. However, the UE 115 may not be able to measure or have knowledge of the uplink pathloss when transmitting SRS transmissions to an uplink-only network entity 105 since the uplink-only network entity 105 does not transmit downlink signals to the UE 115 to measure and determine the pathloss. Accordingly, transmitting SRS transmissions in an uplink signal to the uplink-only network entity 105 in accordance with a power adjustment (e.g., compensating for an uplink pathloss) may be difficult.
[0091] As discussed herein, the UE 115 may receive a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment to apply to the SRS transmissions for multiple TCI states. The UE 115 may estimate a downlink pathloss associated with a downlink reference signal from the first network entity 105. The UE may receive, from the first network entity 105, the MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity 105. The pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE may be associated with SRS transmission and multiple TCI states. The UE 115 may transmit, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0092] For example, for an SP or AP SRS transmissions, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE 115 to adjust the pathloss for multiple TCI states by reserved bit indications for SP or AP SRS TCI state indications, a new pathloss adjustment field in the MAC-CE, or multiple pathloss adjustment fields. In some examples, the MAC-CE may indicate to the UE 115 to adjust the pathloss for the multiple of TCI states for SRS pathloss reference signals. In some examples, a separate MAC-CE may indicate to the UE to adjust the pathloss for a P, SP, or AP SRS resource set.
[0093] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 includes a UE 115-a, a network entity 105-a and a network entity 105-b, which may be examples of a UE 115 and a network entity 105 described with respect to FIG. 1.
[0094] In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may be a dense deployment, for example, an uplink dense deployment, in order to improve coverage or capacity of uplink signals (e.g., asymmetric downlink and uplink densification) . The uplink signals transmitted by the UE 115-a may be received by the second network entity 105-b, which may be an uplink-only TRP (e.g., the UE 115-a may be unable to receive downlink signaling from the second network entity 105-b) . The downlink signals or channels may be transmitted from the network entity 105-a, which may be a different node than the network entity 105-b. For example, the network entity 105-a may be a macro node, a central node, a serving cell, a serving network entity 105 or base station, and so forth. The uplink TRPs, such as the network entity 105-b, may be connected to the macro node, such as the network entity 105-a, via a backhaul connection between the network entity 105. The uplink dense deployment may reduce uplink pathloss and facilitate increased uplink coverage, for example, when a bottleneck exists for uplink signals. Reducing the uplink pathloss may reduce deployment cost (e.g., otherwise associated with additional uplink network entities 105) . Reducing the uplink pathloss may also reduce complexity associated with uplink network entities 105 (e.g., uplink-only TRPs) that do not transmit any downlink signal and instead, receive and relay uplink signals to the macro node with or without processing the uplink signal. Although one uplink-only TRP (second network entity 105-b) is shown in FIG. 2, it is to be understood that any quantity of uplink-only TRPs may be present, and the UE 115-a may communicate with any quantity of uplink-only TRPs.
[0095] In some examples, such as for uplink beam management, the network entity 105-a may configure or trigger the UE 115-a to transmit SRS for beam management usage. For example, for a unified TCI framework, uplink transmission beams for SRS may be determined for AP SRS for beam management, where the UE 115-a is configured (e.g., via a configuration parameter followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS) for an SRS resource set. The SRS resources in the SRS resource set for which the UE 115-a is configured, may apply the indicated uplink TCI state or joint TCI state. The UE 115-a may transmit the target SRS resources within the SRS resource set according to a spatial relation, if applicable, with a reference to the reference signal used for determining an uplink transmission spatial filter. The reference signal may be determined based on a reference signal configured with quasi-colocation (QCL) type. For example, the QCL-type may be set to type D in the QCL information of the indicated TCI state or reference signal in the indicated TCI uplink state. The reference signal in the indicated TCI state may be a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) (e.g., used for beam management) . In some examples, the reference signal indicated in the uplink TCI state may be a CSI-RS, a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or SRS for beam management.
[0096] In the unified TCI framework, uplink transmission beams for SRS may be determined for P or SP or for AP SRS for beam management that is not configured with followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS, the SRS resources in any P, SP, or AP SRS resource sets for beam management may be configured with a parameter configuration (e.g., TCI-state or TCI-UL-State) or updated by MAC CE. In such examples, the reference signal in the TCI-state may be a CSI-RS. The reference signal used for the TCI uplink state may be a CSI-RS, SSB or SRS for the beam management.
[0097] In some examples, a TCI state configuration or indication may be based on whether octets of the MAC-CE including a TCI state serving cell identifier (ID) field or a transmitting configuration state BWP ID field are present. In some examples, the TCI state ID may include the TCI state used for the SRS resource (e.g., TCI State ID0, TCI State IDN-1, and so forth, where N is an integer) . A MAC-CE field may indicate activation or deactivation (e.g., field indicating an A or a D) for an SP SRS resource set. The field may be disregarded for AP SRS resource.
[0098] In some examples, an SRS pathloss reference signal may be updated by MAC-CE. For example, the MAC-CE may include a serving cell ID, which may be a field indicating the identity of the serving cell. The field may include or be associated with an activated SRS resource set. The length of the field may be 5 bits long. The MAC-CE may include a bandwidth part (BWP) ID, which may be a field indicating an uplink BWP as the codepoint of a downlink control information (DCI) bandwidth part indicator field, which includes an activated SRS resource set. The length of the field may be 2 bits long. The MAC-CE may include an SRS resource set ID, which may be a field indicating the SRS resource set ID identified by parameter SRS-resourceSetId. The length of the field may be 4 bits long. The MAC-CE may include a pathloss reference signal ID, which may be a field indicating the pathloss reference signal ID identified by parameter srs-PathlossReferenceRS-Id. The MAC-CE may update the pathloss reference signal for an SRS-resource set indicated by SRS resource set ID field. The length of the field may be 6 bits long. The MAC-CE may provide these updates via reserved bit, which may be set to 0.
[0099] In some examples, for an uplink-only node (e.g., TRP) or network entity 105-b, a downlink pathloss reference signal may not be communicated. Therefore, determining pathloss for uplink power control may be difficult. In some examples, signaling designs may be used to indicate transmission power adjustment due to uplink path change. For example, a transmission power configuration (TPC) command in MAC-CE may indicate the update to a pathloss offset where the pathloss offset is an offset relative to a reference pathloss. In another examples, uplink power control may be determined for an uplink-only TRP. In particular, a pathloss scaling factor, β or α, may be indicated for an uplink power control, where β corresponds to a ratio between the uplink pathloss and a reference pathloss and α corresponds to a combined scaling factor of a pathloss compensation coefficient and a scaling factor for uplink pathloss. The pathloss compensation (PC) formula may include: PC = α*PLb, f, c (qd)
[0100] where α corresponds to a combined scaling factor of a pathloss compensation coefficient and a scaling factor for uplink pathloss, and PLb, f, c (qd) refers to a downlink pathloss (PL) estimate in decibels (dB) calculated by the UE 115 using reference signal index qd for the active downlink BWP of the serving cell, c.
[0101] When β is indicated, the α*PLb, f, c (qd) in the PC formula may be replaced by: PC = α *β*PLb, f, c (qd) .
[0102] When α is indicated, the PC formula for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or SRS may be the same (e.g., PC = α *β*PLb, f, c (qd) ) . For example, for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , the PC formula may include the PLb, f, c (qd) replaced by the PC = α*PLb, f, c (qd) .
[0103] In some examples, the pathloss offset may be updated for multiple TCI states if the parameter followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS is configured. However, for P or SP SRS for beam management or AP SRS for beam management that is not configured with parameter followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS, or SRS of any time-domain behavior for codebook, non-codebook, and antenna switching that is not configured with followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS, the pathloss offset may be updated for multiple TCI states may not be applied. Accordingly, in some examples, such as when the followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS is not configured, pathloss adjustment for multiple TCI states may not be applied. Pathloss adjustment may be applied for joint or uplink TCI states using the techniques discussed herein, for example, even when the followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS is not configured.
[0104] In the wireless communications system 200, to apply the pathloss adjustment discussed herein, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the UE 115-a using a communication link 125. In some examples, the communication link 125 may include a first channel 225-a for transmitting data from the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a and a second channel 225-b for transmitting data from the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a. The communication link 125 may be an example of an NR or LTE link between the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a. The communication link 125 may include a bi-directional link that enables both uplink and downlink communications, for example, via the channels 225. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit uplink messages 245 (e.g., uplink transmissions) , such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, to the network entity 105-a using the first channel 225-a (e.g., of the communication link 125) and the network entity 105-a may transmit downlink messages 250 (e.g., downlink transmissions) , such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, to the UE 115-a using the second channel 225-b (e.g., of the communication link 125) . In some examples, the downlink messages 250 may be part of control signaling transmitted from the network entity 105-a. The network entity 105-b may communicate with the UE 115-a using another communication link 125. In some examples, the communication link 125 may include multiple channels, for example, a third channel 225-c for transmitting data from the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-c.
[0105] The network entity 105-a may transmit a downlink reference signal in a first downlink message 250-a. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may also transmit control signaling in a second downlink message 250-b, indicating whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for each TCI state of the multiple of TCI states (e.g., associated with the one or more additional network entity 105-a, such as the network entity 105-b) . The UE 115-a may estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal in the first downlink message 250-a from the first network entity 105-a. The UE may receive, in a third downlink message 250-c from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity 105-a. The pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE may be associated with SRS transmission and multiple TCI states, as discussed herein and with respect to at least FIGs. 3–9.
[0106] Although FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the downlink reference signal, the control signaling indicating whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for each TCI state of the multiple of TCI states, and the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment are transmitted in one example order, it is to be understood that these transmissions could occur in any order, and it is also be understood that in some cases one or more such transmissions could be combined. For example, the downlink reference signal may be transmitted after the control signaling indicating whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for a TCI state for each TCI state of the multiple of TCI states, after the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment, or both. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, the control signaling indicating whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for a TCI state for each TCI state of the multiple of TCI states may be combined with the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment (e.g., the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment may also indicate whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for each TCI state of the multiple of TCI states.
[0107] The UE 115-a may transmit, in an uplink message 245, to one or more second additional network entities 105 each associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit in the uplink message 245, to the network entity 105-b associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss. In some cases in which the UE 115-a transmits multiple SRSs based on the adjusted pathloss, each of those multiple SRSs may be transmitted using the same transmit power. In other cases in which the UE 115-a transmits multiple SRSs based on the adjusted pathloss, at least some of those SRSs may have different transmit powers-e.g., if one or more other transmit power parameters are different for two SRSs, the transmit powers for those two SRSs maybe different even if both are based on the same adjusted pathloss.
[0108] FIG. 3 shows an example of a MAC-CE 300 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 300 may include various fields 310 indicating activation or deactivation (e.g., A / D) or power adjustment, SRS resource set cell IDs, SRS resource set BWP ID, supplementary uplink (SUL) , TCI state serving cell ID, TCI state ID, TCI state BWP ID, and so forth.
[0109] For SP or AP SRS, a UE 115 may be indicated, via the MAC-CE 300, to adjust the pathloss for a set of TCI states by performing enhancement for SP AP SRS TCI states. For a given TCI state, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled or not can be configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling from the network entity. In some examples, the configuration may involve using or reusing reserved bits 305, such as up to 2+N reserved bits (C = 0) or 2+2N reserved bits (C = 1) , where N is the quantity of indicated uplink TCI states in the SP AP SRS TCI state indication MAC-CE to indicate the pathloss adjustment.
[0110] FIG. 3 illustrates that one of the reserved bits 305 in the SP or AP SRS TCI state indication MAC-CE may be used to indicate whether the reserved bits are used for pathloss adjustment or not. In one example, the pathloss adjustment may be applied to each of the indicated joint or multiple uplink TCI states. In another examples, the pathloss adjustment may be applied to an SRS resource with lowest SRS-ResourceId in the SRS resource set. For other SRS resource from the SRS resource set, the value of pathloss adjustment may be determined based on TCI-state or TCI uplink state of an SRS resource with lowest SRS-ResourceId in the SRS resource set.
[0111] In some examples, a first reserved bit 305-a may indicate whether one or more reserved bits 305 are used for pathloss adjustment or not. A second reserved bit 305-b or a third reserved bit 305-c may indicate the pathloss adjustment to be applied, for example, for the TCI states indicated in the MAC-CE 300.
[0112] FIG. 4 shows an example of a MAC-CE 400-a and a MAC-CE 400-b that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 400-a and the MAC-CE 400-b may be an example of the MAC-CE 300 of FIG. 3. However, in the MAC-CE 400-a, the reserved bit 405-a may indicate whether other reserved bits are used for pathloss adjustment or not. In MAC-CE 400-b, the reserved bit 405-a, the pathloss adjustment may be applied to all the SRS resources within the SRS resource set when the uplink transmission is unknown in the uplink discovery state or in the absence of an indication of the multiple TCI states in MAC-CE.
[0113] In some examples, the MAC-CE 400-a and MAC-CE 400-b may include a new pathloss adjustment field in the SP or AP SRS TCI state indication to indicate the pathloss adjustment. A reserved bit, such as reserved bit 405-a in the SP or AP SRS TCI state indication MAC-CE 400-a, may be used to indicate whether the new pathloss adjustment field is present or not. Accordingly, the pathloss adjustment may be applied to each of the indicated joint or uplink TCI states (e.g., TCI state IDs) . The pathloss adjustment may be applied to an SRS resource with lowest SRS-ResourceId in the SRS resource set. For other SRS resources from the SRS resource set, the value of pathloss adjustment may be determined on TCI-state or TCI uplink state of an SRS resource with the lowest SRS-ResourceId in the SRS resource set.
[0114] In some examples, such as in MAC-CE 400-b, the pathloss adjustment may be applied to all the SRS resources within the SRS resource set when the uplink transmission beam is unknown in an uplink discovery stage. For example, each of the SRSs using the transmit power may be based on an absence of an indication of the TCI states in the MAC-CE 400-b.
[0115] FIG. 5 shows an example of a MAC-CE 500 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 500-a and the MAC-CE 500-b may be an example of the MAC-CE 300 of FIG. 3 or MAC-CE 400 of FIG. 4. In some examples, multiple pathloss adjustment fields may be used in the SP or AP SRS TCI state indication MAC-CE 500-a or MAC-CE 500-b. A reserved bit in the SP or AP SRS TCI state indication MAC-CE may be used to indicate whether the new pathloss adjustment field is present or not.
[0116] In some examples, such as MAC-CE 500-a, each of the pathloss adjustment fields may correspond to an SRS resource. The reserved bit 505-a may indicate whether the new pathloss adjustment field is present or not. The field 510 may indicate the pathloss adjustment (pathloss adjustment 1) for resource 0 of the SRS resource. Additional fields indicating pathloss adjustments (e.g., pathloss adjustment 2, 3, up to N) may correspond to respective resources. In MAC-CE 500-b, the reserved bit 505-b may indicate whether the new pathloss adjustment field is present or not.
[0117] In some examples, such as MAC-CE 500-b, each of the pathloss adjustment fields may correspond to an TCI state ID. In some such examples, the reserved bit 505 before a TCI state ID field, such as reserved bit 505-c, may be used to indicate whether a pathloss adjustment field is presented or not for the corresponding. TCI state. If not, the pathloss adjustment may be present for the same TCI state ID in a previous field. The previous reserved bit 505 before the TCI state ID may be most significant bit in the oct. et The reserved bit 505 before TCI state ID may be the most significant bit in the corresponding TCI state ID field if a separate downlink TCI state and uplink TCI state are used. In some examples, a bit (e.g., a most significant bit) within a TCI State ID field may indicate whether a pathloss adjustment field is presented or not for the corresponding. TCI state.
[0118] FIG. 6 shows an example of a MAC-CE 600 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 600 may be an example of the MAC-CE 300 of FIG. 3, MAC-CE 400 of FIG. 4, or MAC-CE 500 of FIG. 5. The MAC-CE 600 may be used for P, SP, or AP SRS resource set. Some of the reserved bits 605 (e.g., up to 7 reserved bits) may be reused in the SRS pathloss reference signal. The MAC-CE may be updated to indicate the pathloss adjustment. For example, the reserved bit 605-a or the reserved bits 605-b may indicate whether the reserved bits 605 are used for pathloss adjustment. The reserved bits 605-a may indicate the pathloss adjustment, for example, for a respective serving cell ID. The reserved bits 605-b may indicate the pathloss adjustment, for example, for respective resource sets (e.g., SRS resource set IDs) and reference signals (e.g., reference signal IDs) . One of the reserved bits 605 in the SRS Pathloss reference signal update MAC-CE may be used to indicate whether the reserved bits 605 are used for pathloss adjustment or not. In some examples, a new pathloss adjustment field may be included in the SRS pathloss reference signal MAC-CE. For example, one of the reserved bits 605-a or 605-b in the SRS pathloss reference signal update MAC-CE may be used to indicate whether the new pathloss adjustment field is present or not.
[0119] FIG. 7 shows an example of a MAC-CE 700 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 700 may be an example of or operate similarly (e.g., reserved bit indications) to the MAC-CE 300 of FIG. 3, MAC-CE 400 of FIG. 4, MAC-CE 500 of FIG. 5, or the MAC-CE 600 of FIG. 6. However, the MAC-CE 700 may be a new or separate MAC-CE for indicating pathloss adjustments.
[0120] The MAC-CE 700 may be used for a P, SP, AP SRS resource set. The MAC-CE 700 may be used for more than one SRS resource set within the same BWP. The MAC-CE may be associated with (e.g., applicable to) a quantity of SRS sets, which may be the quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier , the quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a particular beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets that is indicated by the MAC-CE (e.g., by a one or more fields within the MAC-CE) . For example, the reserved bits 705 may indicate whether pathloss adjustment applies to corresponding SRS resource set or not, such as the resources corresponding to the CCs. In some examples, a single pathloss adjustment field may be included in the MAC-CE 700 for all the SRS resource sets, such that the pathloss adjustment field 710 applies to all the SRS resource sets or CCs.
[0121] FIG. 8 shows an example of a MAC-CE 800 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The MAC-CE 800 may be an example of the MAC-CE 700. For example, the MAC-CE 800 may be a new or separate MAC-CE for indicating pathloss adjustments. In the MAC-CE 800, the reserved bits 805 may indicate whether pathloss adjustment applies to corresponding SRS resource set or not, such as the resources corresponding to the CCs. In some examples, multiple pathloss adjustment fields, such as pathloss adjustment field 810-a and pathloss adjustment field 810-b, are included in the MAC-CE 800 for each of the SRS resource sets. For example, pathloss adjustments of the pathloss adjustment fields 810 may apply to respective resource sets, such as respective CCs.
[0122] FIG. 9 shows an example of a process flow 900 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 900 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the process flow 900 may include a UE 115-b, a network entity 105-c, and a network entity 105-d, which may be an example of a UE 115 and a network entity 105 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 900, the operations performed by the UE 115-b, the network entity 105-c, and the network entity 105-d, may be performed in different orders or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 900, or other operations may be added to the process flow 900. Further, while operations in the process flow 900 are illustrated as being performed by the UE 115-b, the network entity 105-c, and the network entity 105-d, the examples herein are not to be construed as limiting, as the described features may be associated with any quantity of different devices.
[0123] At 905, the UE 115-b may receive a downlink reference signal from a first network entity 105-c. In some examples, at 910, the UE 115-b may receive, from the first network entity 105-c, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the multiple TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for the TCI state. In some examples, the relative order of operations at 905 and 910 may be switched, such that operations at 910 are performed before operations at 905. For example, the UE 115-b may receive, from the first network entity 105-c, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the multiple TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for the TCI state. The UE 115-b may subsequently receive a downlink reference signal from a first network entity 105-c.
[0124] At 915, the UE 115-b may estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity 105-c. At 920, the UE 115-b may receive, from the first network entity 105-c, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity 105-c, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and multiple TCI states. The MAC-CE may include multiple reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment. The MAC-CE may include a pathloss adjustment presence indication bit indicating whether the multiple reserved bits indicate the pathloss adjustment. The MAC-CE may further indicate whether a pathloss adjustment field is present for applying the pathloss adjustment.
[0125] In some examples, the MAC-CE may include multiple pathloss adjustment fields indicating pathloss adjustments, each of the multiple pathloss adjustment fields corresponding to a respective SRS resource or a respective TCI state of the multiple TCI states. The MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment may include a MAC-CE for indicating TCI states for semi-periodic or aperiodic SRS transmissions. The MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment may include a MAC-CE for indicating an update to pathloss reference signals for SRS transmissions. The MAC-CE may be associated with a quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier, a quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets indicated by the MAC-CE.
[0126] At 925, the UE 115-b may transmit, to one or more second additional network entities 105 each associated with at least one of the multiple TCI states, such as the UE 115-b may, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss. Transmitting may involve each of multiple SRSs using the transmit power, the multiple SRSs including a respective SRS for each of the multiple TCI states. Transmitting each of the multiple SRSs using the transmit power may be based on the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to each of the multiple TCI states. Transmitting each of the multiple SRSs using the transmit power may be based on an absence of an indication of the multiple TCI states in the MAC-CE. Transmitting each of the multiple SRS using the transmit power may be based on each of the multiple SRSs using a respective SRS resource of an SRS resource set, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to an SRS resource within the SRS resource set that corresponds to a lowest SRS resource identifier, and a respective pathloss adjustment for each other SRS resource within the SRS resource set being based on the pathloss adjustment for the SRS resource that corresponds to the lowest SRS resource identifier.
[0127] In some examples, the UE 115-b may be restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities 105, such as network entity 105-d, and the UE 115-b may transmit the one or more SRSs using the transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss is based on the UE 115-b being restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities 105. The pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE may be an offset relative to the downlink pathloss, a scaling factor for scaling the downlink pathloss, or any combination thereof.
[0128] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005, or one or more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0129] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0130] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions) . In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may be co-located with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0131] The communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0132] In some examples, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0134] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0135] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0136] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for uplink pathloss adjustment for multiple TCI states associated with one or more network entities via a MAC-CE, for example, without measuring or knowing the downlink pathloss for the multiple TCI states associated with the one or more network entities.
[0137] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device 1005 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communications manager 1120. The device 1105, or one or more components of the device 1105 (e.g., the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communications manager 1120) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0138] The receiver 1110 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. The receiver 1110 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0139] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions) . In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may be co-located with a receiver 1110 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1115 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0140] The device 1105, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a downlink reference signal manager 1125, a downlink pathloss manager 1130, a MAC-CE reception manager 1135, an SRS transmission manager 1140, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The downlink reference signal manager 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The downlink pathloss manager 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The MAC-CE reception manager 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states. The SRS transmission manager 1140 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0142] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1220 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020, a communications manager 1120, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a downlink reference signal manager 1225, a downlink pathloss manager 1230, a MAC-CE reception manager 1235, an SRS transmission manager 1240, a control signaling reception manager 1245, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0143] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The downlink reference signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The downlink pathloss manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The MAC-CE reception manager 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states. The SRS transmission manager 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0144] In some examples, the control signaling reception manager 1245 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the set of multiple TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for the TCI state.
[0145] In some examples, the MAC-CE includes a set of multiple reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0146] In some examples, the MAC-CE includes a pathloss adjustment presence indication bit indicating whether the set of multiple reserved bits indicates the pathloss adjustment.
[0147] In some examples, the MAC-CE includes a pathloss adjustment field indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0148] In some examples, the MAC-CE further indicates whether a pathloss adjustment field is present for applying the pathloss adjustment.
[0149] In some examples, the MAC-CE includes a set of multiple pathloss adjustment fields indicating pathloss adjustments, each of the set of multiple pathloss adjustment fields corresponding to a respective SRS resource or a respective TCI state of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0150] In some examples, to support transmitting the SRS, the SRS transmission manager 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting each of a set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power, the set of multiple SRSs including a respective SRS for each of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0151] In some examples, transmitting each of the set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power is based on the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to each of the set of multiple TCI states.
[0152] In some examples, transmitting each of the set of multiple SRSs using the transmit power is based on an absence of an indication of the set of multiple TCI states in the MAC-CE.
[0153] In some examples, transmitting each of the set of multiple SRS using the transmit power is based on each of the set of multiple SRSs using a respective SRS resource of an SRS resource set, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to an SRS resource within the SRS resource set that corresponds to a lowest SRS resource identifier, and a respective pathloss adjustment for each other SRS resource within the SRS resource set being based on the pathloss adjustment for the SRS resource that corresponds to the lowest SRS resource identifier.
[0154] In some examples, the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment includes a MAC-CE for indicating TCI states for semi-periodic or aperiodic SRS transmissions.
[0155] In some examples, the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment includes a MAC-CE for indicating an update to pathloss reference signals for SRS transmissions.
[0156] In some examples, the MAC-CE is associated with a quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier, a quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets indicated by the MAC-CE.
[0157] In some examples, the quantity of SRS resource sets is indicated by an SRS resource sets field of the MAC-CE.
[0158] In some examples, the UE is restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities. In some examples, transmitting the one or more SRSs using the transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss is based on the UE being restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities.
[0159] In some examples, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE includes an offset relative to the downlink pathloss or a scaling factor for scaling the downlink pathloss.
[0160] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include components of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1305 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1305 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1320, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1310, a transceiver 1315, one or more antennas 1325, at least one memory 1330, code 1335, and at least one processor 1340. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1345) .
[0161] The I / O controller 1310 may manage input and output signals for the device 1305. The I / O controller 1310 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1305. In some cases, the I / O controller 1310 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1310 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1310 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1310 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1340. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1305 via the I / O controller 1310 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1310.
[0162] In some cases, the device 1305 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1305 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1315 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1325 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1315 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1315 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1325 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1325. The transceiver 1315, or the transceiver 1315 and one or more antennas 1325, may be an example of a transmitter 1015, a transmitter 1115, a receiver 1010, a receiver 1110, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0163] The at least one memory 1330 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1330 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1335. The code 1335 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1340, cause the device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1335 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1335 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1340 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1330 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0164] The at least one processor 1340 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1340 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1340. The at least one processor 1340 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1330) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions) . For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include at least one processor 1340 and at least one memory 1330 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1340, the at least one processor 1340 and the at least one memory 1330 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0165] In some examples, the at least one processor 1340 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1330 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1340 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1340) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1330) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1340 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1340 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1335 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1330 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0166] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss.
[0167] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1305 may support techniques for uplink pathloss adjustment for multiple TCI states associated with one or more network entities via a MAC-CE, for example, without measuring or knowing the downlink pathloss for the multiple TCI states associated with the one or more network entities.
[0168] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1315, the one or more antennas 1325, or any combination thereof. For example, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to receive or transmit messages or other signaling as described herein via the transceiver 1315. Although the communications manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1320 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1340, the at least one memory 1330, the code 1335, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1335 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1340 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions as described herein, or the at least one processor 1340 and the at least one memory 1330 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0169] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports pathloss adjustment indication for SRS transmissions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 13. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0170] At 1405, the method may include receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a downlink reference signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, means for performing 1405 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1315, communications manager 1320, memory 1330 (including code 1335) , processor 1340 and / or bus 1345.
[0171] At 1410, the method may include estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a downlink pathloss manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, means for performing 1410 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1315, communications manager 1320, memory 1330 (including code 1335) , processor 1340 and / or bus 1345.
[0172] At 1415, the method may include receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and where the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a set of multiple TCI states. The operations of 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a MAC-CE reception manager 1235 as described with reference to FIG. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, means for performing 1415 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1315, communications manager 1320, memory 1330 (including code 1335) , processor 1340 and / or bus 1345.
[0173] At 1420, the method may include transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the set of multiple TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based on the adjusted pathloss. The operations of 1420 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by an SRS transmission manager 1240 as described with reference to FIG. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, means for performing 1420 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1315, communications manager 1320, memory 1330 (including code 1335) , processor 1340 and / or bus 1345.
[0174] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0175] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity; estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity; receiving, from the first network entity, a MAC-CE indicating a pathloss adjustment, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based at least in part on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with SRS transmission and a plurality of TCI states; and transmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the plurality of TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss.
[0176] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving, from the first network entity, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the plurality of TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for the TCI state.
[0177] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a plurality of reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0178] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a pathloss adjustment presence indication bit indicating whether the plurality of reserved bits indicate the pathloss adjustment.
[0179] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a pathloss adjustment field indicating the pathloss adjustment.
[0180] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the MAC-CE further indicates whether a pathloss adjustment field is present for applying the pathloss adjustment.
[0181] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a plurality of pathloss adjustment fields indicating pathloss adjustments, each of the plurality of pathloss adjustment fields corresponding to a respective SRS resource or a respective TCI state of the plurality of TCI states.
[0182] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein transmitting the SRS comprises: transmitting each of a plurality of SRSs using the transmit power, the plurality of SRSs comprising a respective SRS for each of the plurality of TCI states.
[0183] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein transmitting each of the plurality of SRSs using the transmit power is based at least in part on the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to each of the plurality of TCI states.
[0184] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 8 through 9, wherein transmitting each of the plurality of SRSs using the transmit power is based at least in part on an absence of an indication of the plurality of TCI states in the MAC-CE.
[0185] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 8 through 10, wherein transmitting each of the plurality of SRS using the transmit power is based at least in part on each of the plurality of SRSs using a respective SRS resource of an SRS resource set, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to an SRS resource within the SRS resource set that corresponds to a lowest SRS resource identifier, and a respective pathloss adjustment for each other SRS resource within the SRS resource set being based at least in part on the pathloss adjustment for the SRS resource that corresponds to the lowest SRS resource identifier.
[0186] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment comprises a MAC-CE for indicating TCI states for SP or AP SRS transmissions.
[0187] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment comprises a MAC-CE for indicating an update to pathloss reference signals for SRS transmissions.
[0188] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the MAC-CE is associated with a quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier, a quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets indicated by the MAC-CE.
[0189] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 1 through 15, wherein the UE is restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities, and transmitting the one or more SRSs using the transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss is based at least in part on the UE being restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities.
[0190] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 1 through 16, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE comprises an offset relative to the downlink pathloss or a scaling factor for scaling the downlink pathloss.
[0191] Aspect 17: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and the transceiver, the one or more processors individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0192] Aspect 18: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0193] Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0194] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0195] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0196] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0197] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0198] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0199] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0200] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0201] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0202] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0203] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0204] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0205] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code;a transceiver; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, via the transceiver, a downlink reference signal from a first network entity;estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity;receive, via the transceiver and from the first network entity, a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based at least in part on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission and a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; andtransmit, via the transceiver and to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the plurality of TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, via the transceiver and from the first network entity, additional control signaling indicating, for each TCI state of the plurality of TCI states, whether pathloss adjustment is enabled for the TCI state.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a plurality of reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a pathloss adjustment presence indication bit indicating whether the plurality of reserved bits indicate the pathloss adjustment.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a pathloss adjustment field indicating the pathloss adjustment.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the MAC-CE further indicates whether the pathloss adjustment field is present for applying the pathloss adjustment.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a plurality of pathloss adjustment fields indicating pathloss adjustments, each of the plurality of pathloss adjustment fields corresponding to a respective SRS resource or a respective TCI state of the plurality of TCI states.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the SRS, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, via the transceiver, each of a plurality of SRSs using the transmit power, the plurality of SRSs comprising a respective SRS for each of the plurality of TCI states.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit each of the plurality of SRSs using the transmit power based at least in part on the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to each of the plurality of TCI states.10.The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit each of the plurality of SRSs using the transmit power based at least in part on an absence of an indication of the plurality of TCI states in the MAC-CE.11.The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit each of the plurality of SRSs using the transmit power based at least in part on each of the plurality of SRSs using a respective SRS resource of an SRS resource set, the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE being applicable to an SRS resource within the SRS resource set corresponding to a lowest SRS resource identifier, and a respective pathloss adjustment for each other SRS resource within the SRS resource set being based at least in part on the pathloss adjustment for the SRS resource corresponding to the lowest SRS resource identifier.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment comprises a MAC-CE for indicating TCI states for semi-periodic or aperiodic SRS transmissions.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE indicating the pathloss adjustment comprises a MAC-CE for indicating an update to pathloss reference signals for SRS transmissions.14.The UE of claim 1, wherein the MAC-CE is associated with a quantity of SRS resource sets included within a component carrier, a quantity of SRS resource sets associated with a beam management procedure, or a quantity of SRS resource sets indicated by the MAC-CE.15.The UE of claim 1, wherein:the UE is restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities, andthe one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit the one or more SRSs using the transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss based at least in part on the UE being restricted to uplink communications with the one or more second additional network entities.16.The UE of claim 1, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE comprises an offset relative to the downlink pathloss or a scaling factor for scaling the downlink pathloss.17.A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a downlink reference signal from a first network entity;estimating a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity;receiving, from the first network entity, a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based at least in part on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission and a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; andtransmitting, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the plurality of TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a plurality of reserved bits indicating the pathloss adjustment.19.The method of claim 17, wherein the MAC-CE comprises a pathloss adjustment field indicating the pathloss adjustment.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive a downlink reference signal from a first network entity;estimate a downlink pathloss associated with the downlink reference signal from the first network entity;receive, from the first network entity, a medium access control element (MAC-CE) indicating a pathloss adjustment, wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is for determination of an adjusted pathloss based at least in part on the downlink pathloss from the first network entity, and wherein the pathloss adjustment indicated by the MAC-CE is associated with sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission and a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; andtransmit, to one or more second additional network entities each associated with at least one of the plurality of TCI states, one or more SRSs using a transmit power that is based at least in part on the adjusted pathloss.
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