Random access in wireless communication network

Abstract

The disclosure pertains to a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting random access signalling at a transmission random access opportunity based on a first random access configuration indicating a set of first random access opportunities, and based on a second random access configuration indicating a set of second random access opportunities, wherein the 3075 transmission random access opportunity is a first random access opportunity or a second random access opportunity, and is further determined based on a selection indication The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Description

[0001]Random access in wireless communication networkTechnical fieldThis disclosure pertains to wireless communication, in particular to random access.BackgroundFor future wireless communication systems, the introduction of full duplex functionalityis considered, wherein frequency spectrum, e.g., a carrier or bandwidth part, may be used 5for transmission and reception at the same time, which may allow better use of availablefrequency resources, or allow optimising latency. However, introduction of full duplexbrings additional challenges and issues that need to be addressed.SummaryIt is an object of this disclosure to provide approaches for improved random access, in 10particular in the context of full duplex operation, e.g., on a carrier and / or bandwidthpart, and / or in TDD. The approaches described may be utilised for one or more differentfrequencies ranges. For example, they may be implemented for frequency ranges (e.g.,carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) for communication signalling of 1 GHz ormore, 2GHz or more, 5 GHz or more, or 6 GHz or more, or 10 GHz or more, and / or for 15millimeter wave communication, in particular for radio carrier frequencies around and / orabove 52.6 GHz, which may be considered high radio frequencies (high frequency) and / ormillimetre waves. The carrier frequency / ies may be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, e.g. witha lower border between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or a higher border between 71, 72, 90,114, 140 GHz or higher, in particular between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72 20GHz; however, higher frequencies may be considered, in particular frequency of 71GHzor 72GHz or above, and / or 100 GHz or above, and / or 140 GHz or above. The carrierfrequency may in particular refer to a center frequency or maximum frequency of thecarrier. The radio nodes and / or network described herein may operate in wide-band, e.g.with a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of 400MHz or more, in 25particular 1 GHz or more, or 2 GHz or more, or even larger, e.g. 6 GHz or more, or8 GHz or more; the scheduled or allocated bandwidth may be the carrier bandwidth,or be smaller, e.g. depending on channel and / or procedure. In some cases, operationmay be based on an OFDM wave-form or a SC-FDM wave-form (e.g., downlink and / oruplink), in particular a FDF-SC-FDM-based wave-form. However, operation based on a 30single carrier wave-form, e.g. SC-FDE (which may be pulse-shaped or Frequency DomainFiltered, e.g. based on modulation scheme and / or MCS), may be considered for downlinkand / or uplink. In general, different wave-forms may be used for different communicationdirections. Communicating using or utilising a carrier and / or beam may correspond tooperating using or utilising the carrier and / or beam, and / or may comprise transmitting 35P111150WO01 1 / 91on the carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on the carrier and / or beam. Operation maybe based on and / or associated to a numerology, which may indicate a subcarrier spacingand / or duration of an allocation unit and / or an equivalent thereof, e.g., in comparisonto an OFDM based system. A subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency interval mayfor example correspond to 960 kHz, or 1920 kHz, e.g. representing the bandwidth of a 40subcarrier or equivalent.The approaches are particularly advantageously implemented in a future 6th Generation(6G) telecommunication network or 6G radio access technology or network (RAT / RAN),in particular according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standardisationorganization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to NR, for example 45release 18 or later, or LTE Evolution. However, the approaches may also be used withother RAT, for example future 5.5G systems or IEEE based systems.There is disclosed a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communicationnetwork. The method comprises transmitting random access signalling at a transmissionrandom access opportunity based on a first random access configuration indicating a set 50of first random access opportunities, and based on a second random access configurationindicating a set of second random access opportunities, wherein the transmission ran-dom access opportunity is a first random access opportunity or a second random accessopportunity, and is further determined based on a selection indication.A wireless device for a wireless communication network is considered. The wireless device 55is adapted for transmitting random access signalling at a transmission random accessopportunity based on a first random access configuration indicating a set of first randomaccess opportunities, and based on a second random access configuration indicating a set ofsecond random access opportunities, wherein the transmission random access opportunityis a first random access opportunity or a second random access opportunity, and is further 60determined based on a selection indication.Moreover, a method of operating a network node in a wireless communication networkis proposed. The method comprises receiving, from a wireless device, random access sig-nalling at a transmission random access opportunity according to a first random accessconfiguration indicating a set of first random access opportunities, and according to a sec- 65ond random access configuration indicating a set of second random access opportunities,wherein the transmission random access opportunity is a first random access opportunityor a second random access opportunity, and is determined based on a selection indicationtransmitted to the wireless device.There is also disclosed a network node for a wireless communication network. The net- 70P111150WO01 2 / 91work node is adapted for receiving, from a wireless device, random access signalling at atransmission random access opportunity according to a first random access configurationindicating a set of first random access opportunities, and according to a second randomaccess configuration indicating a set of second random access opportunities, wherein thetransmission random access opportunity is a first random access opportunity or a second 75random access opportunity, and is determined based on a selection indication transmittedto the wireless device.The selection indication may be transmitted and / or be included in and / or represented asdedicated signalling and / or UE-specific signalling and / or singlecast signalling. This mayfacilitate fine-tuning of ROs. 80The transmission random access opportunity may be determined based on validating oneor more of the first random access opportunities and / or second random access opportuni-ties, e.g., based on one or more validation rules. It may be considered that only ROs (e.g.,second ROs) indicated as enabled or activated or potentially valid by the selection indica-tion are validated, and / or may be determined to be valid. Thus the selection indication 85provides additional selection of ROs that may be validly used. It may be considered thatwith multiple rules and / or activation / deactivation, one rule or deactivation that indicatesinvalid / deactivation may be sufficient to make an RO invalid, whereas for such cases eachrule has to be fulfilled to determine a RO as valid even for activated ROs.In general, the selection indication may indicate enabling and / or activation and / or poten- 90tial validity of the first and / or second random access configuration and / or of one or moreof the first and / or second random access opportunities, and / or may indicate disablingand / or deactivation and / or invalidation of the first and / or second random access config-uration and / or of one or more of the first and / or second random access opportunities.The selection indication may indicate prioritisation of the first or second random access 95configuration, and / or the first random access opportunities or second random access op-portunities. This may allow adaption to use cases, e.g., to limit latency for URLLCcases.The selection indication may indicates escalation of retransmissions of random accesssignalling, in particular indicating in which order power ramping and selection of first or 100second random access opportunity is performed for retransmissions. It may for examplebe indicated whether for a retransmission, a higher power on the same type of RO (firstor second RO) should be used before using a different type of RO, or vice versa. Thisallows flexible handling of radio resources and power / battery of the wireless device.P111150WO01 3 / 91It may be considered that the selection indication may indicate a repetition mode of ran- 105dom access opportunities for retransmissions. A repetition mode may in general indicatewhether repetitions are performed and / or counted on both first ROs and second ROs(e.g., jointly), or separately or individually for each of first ROs and second ROs.The selection indication may comprise a bitmap indicating activation or deactivation ofspecific random access opportunities and / or time intervals for which random access oppor- 110tunities are activated or deactivated, e.g. one or more subframes or slots or transmissiontiming structures. This allows efficient control signalling with low overhead.In general, the second random access configuration may pertain to Subband Full Duplex,SBFD, operation and / or may represent a SBFD configuration. Thus, optimised use ofSBFD in random access may be provided. 115The transmission random access opportunity may be a random access opportunity deter-mined valid, e.g., being activated and / or determined valid based on one or more (addi-tional) validation rules.The network node may configure, and / or be adapted to configure, the wireless devicewith the first RA configuration and / or second Ra configuration, e.g., with correspond- 120ing signalling. In general, the network node may be considered aware of the first RAconfiguration and / or the second RA configuration, e.g., due to information provided byanother network node, and / or determining the configuration / s itself, and / or due to oper-ating based on a common predefinition (e.g., according to a standard of communication).Receiving RA signalling at a transmission RO may comprise, and / or be based on mon- 125itoring resources of the RO for such signalling, and / or demodulating and / or decodingthe signalling, and / or associating the signalling with a random access procedure and / ora UE, and / or one of the first and second configurations, e.g., according to one or morevalidation rule / s. A second RA configuration may be based on, and / or comprised in, aSBFD configuration, or an UL subband configuration, which may configure SBFD-related 130parameters and / or operation for a wireless device or UE. The transmission random ac-cess opportunity may be a RO on which RA signalling is actually transmitted, and / orexpected to be received and / or monitored for by the receiver / network node. Transmis-sion on a second RO may correspond to transmission on a UL subband and / or in SBFDoperation or mode. The network node may be adapted to transmit, and / or transmit, the 135selection indication to the wireless device. It may be considered that the ROs accordingto the RA configurations may be periodical or quasi-periodical, e.g., at least for timescaleslonger than one or more radio frames or minutes, and / or describe a recurring pattern ofROs.P111150WO01 4 / 91Validating may be based on one or more validation rules, which may be indicated with 140the second RA configuration. The rule / s may be configured or configurable, and / orpredefined. Thus, suitable validation behaviour may be provided with a desirable amountof flexibility.The transmission random access opportunity may be a first random access opportunitybased on a fallback rule. Prioritising second ROs may be considered, e.g., such that a first 145RO is used after one or more valid second ROs have been used for unsuccessful randomaccess procedure, and / or a significant number (e.g., X) of second ROs are determined tobe invalid.Validating may comprise and / or be based on determining a second random access oppor-tunity to be valid if it does not collide with a first random access opportunity. Colliding 150may pertain to overlapping in time domain and / or frequency domain and / or format (e.g.,it may be considered to collide if the formats are non-orthogonal, at least non-pseudoorthogonal), and / or if the second RO starts or ends or is located in the same subslot orslot or subframe as the first RO.In particular, validating may comprise determining a second random access opportunity 155to be valid if it does not collide with a first random access opportunity in time domainand / or frequency domain.Transmitting may be in Subband Full Duplex, SBFD, operation, in particular in a SBFDslot and / or subframe and / or one or more SBFD symbols. The network node may receivethe signalling in SBFD mode. 160It may be considered that validating may comprise determining a second random accessopportunity to be valid if it does not start and / or end and / or is not located in thesame slot and / or subframe and / or subslot and / or transmission timing structure as a firstrandom access opportunity; this may be considered a form of collision-based validation.The second random access configuration may pertain to Subband Full Duplex, SBFD, 165operation, e.g., indicating second ROs to be in SBFD slots and / or symbols and / or sub-frames.It may be considered that the transmission random access opportunity may be a randomaccess opportunity determined valid, e.g., based on one or more validation rules. One ormore ROs, e.g., first and / or second ROs, may be determined invalid. Invalid ROs may 170be earlier in time domain that the transmission RO.Transmitting random access signalling may be based on triggering of a random accessP111150WO01 5 / 91procedure, and / or it may be part of an random access procedure. The wireless deviceand / or network node may be adapted and / or configured for operation in TDD modeand / or SBFD mode. The network node may be adapted to configure the wireless device 175with the first RA configuration and / or the second RA configuration and / or may transmitcorrespoding signalling, and / or may configure the wireless device accordingly. In somecases, the first RA configuration and / or second RA configuration may be pre-definedand / or configured and / or configurable. A set of first ROs may comprise one or more ROs.A set of second ROs may comprise one or more ROs. One or more of the first ROs and 180second ROs may partially or completely overlap, e.g., in time domain and / or frequencydomain. To each RO, there may be associated a format, e.g., according to the RAconfiguration. Different formats may be associated to or by different RA configurations,even to overlapping ROs. The wireless device may be configured, and / or operate basedon, a SBFD configuration, which may be configured or configurable to the WD (e.g., by 185the network or network node), and / or may be predefined.The random access signalling may be transmitted in a subband of a Downlink Subframe,e.g., in a SBFD mode.A subband may be an UL subband. The signalling may pertain to signalling on onecarrier and / or bandwidth part; the subband may cover a part of the carrier. One or more 190DL subbands may be defined on the carrier for a DL slot. The wireless device may beadapted for operation in a TDD mode, which may indicate that it is capable to operatein such a mode. It may be configured or configurable for operation in a TDD mode basedon a configuration, which for example may configure an UL / DL pattern of slots, and / orone or more carrier or frequency ranges for TDD operation; the configuration may be 195cell-specific and / or UE-specific. The wireless device may be adapted and / or configuredfor operation in SBFD mode. For a wireless device, this may refer to the capability ofbeing configured of transmitting in a DL slot and / or on an UL subband, and / or thatthe wireless device is adapted for cooperating with a network node operating in SBFDmode; it does not necessarily indicate that the wireless device is capable of simultaneously 200transmit and receive on the same carrier (the carrier in which the UL subband is located),although in some variants, the wireless device may be adapted for such capability (capableof transmitting and receiving on the same carrier at the same time, albeit possibly ondifferent subbands of the carrier). A TDD configuration may in particular be basedon broadband signalling received from a network or network node, e.g., synchronisation 205signalling like SSB signalling.A subband may in general indicate a frequency range on a carrier, which may be smallerthan the frequency range of the carrier and / or of a bandwidth part configured and / orP111150WO01 6 / 91operated on; for example, the subband may be 50% or less of the frequency range, or 1 / 3 orless of the frequency range, or 1 / 4 or less of the frequency range. An UL subband may be 210embedded into the frequency range, e.g., such that a subband for DL is below the subband,and a subband for DL is above the subband in frequency domain. However, cases in whichthe UL subband is at the upper or lower edge of the frequency range may be considered.This may for example facilitate aligning RO between slots in frequency domain, and / orallow assigning different frequency ranges as subbands for different wireless devices. 215Performing a radom access procedure may comprise transmitting one or more randomaccess message, e.g., in response to, and / or based on, receiving the random access sig-nalling (from one or more wireless devices). The random access signalling (transmitted bythe wireless device) may in particular be a msg1 or msgA of a random access procedure.In particular, performing the procedure may comprise transmitting a random access re- 220sponse or msg2 and / or msgB, and / or a msg2 and msg4, e.g., based on receiving a msg3after transmitting a msg2.In general, a configuration and / or configurations may be configured to the wireless deviceby the network and / or network node, e.g., with higher layer signalling like RRC signalling,and / or MAC layer signalling. This may allow consistent setup of the wireless device. 225The network node may generally be adapted for operating in SBFD mode. In particular, itmay be adapted to simultaneously transmit signalling on a carrier (in DL), and to receivesignalling on the same carrier (in UL); receiving and transmitting may be on differentsubbands of the carrier, e.g., receiving may be on an UL subband, and transmitting on aDL subband. 230The random access signalling may be transmitted over two, or more, ROs, which maybe in different slots, e.g., in an UL slot and a DL slot (with UL subband). Splittingthe signalling may be facilitated, e.g., allowing longer signalling to be provided. Thesignalling may have a first part, associated to a first RO and / or first slot, which may forexample be in an UL subband, and / or a first part of the signalling may be transmitted 235in the UL subband. The signalling may have a second part, which may be associated toa second RO and / or a second slot, which may be in a different slot (e.g., a subsequentand / or neighbouring in time domain slot), and / or the second part may be transmittedin a second slot (e.g., a subsequent and / or neighbouring in time domain slot). In somecases, the first part may comprise and / or consist of signalling representing a preamble or 240part thereof, the second part may comprise and / or consist of signalling representing thepreamble; in some cases, the second part may comprise (e.g., additionally to signallingrepresenting a preamble), additional information and / or payload, e.g., if the randomaccess signalling represents a msgA. In some cases, the signalling may be split into moreP111150WO01 7 / 91than two parts, e.g., split out over more than two slots and / or ROs. A first slot may be a 245DL slot (with UL subband), and the second slot may be an UL slot; other scenarios maybe considered, e.g., the reverse arrangement.It may be considered that the random access signalling may comprise and / or represent arandom access preamble; such a preamble may represent a sequence of signals / modulationsymbols for indicating random access initiation. A preamble may be from a set of pream- 250bles, which may be configured or configurable, and / or pre-defined; in some cases, a specificpreamble may be configured to be used, e.g., from a set, in other cases, a preamble maybe randomly or pseudo-randomly determined. The random access signalling may com-prise additional information, e.g., an identity of the wireless device, and / or data for earlytransmission, and / or information relating to random access or communication, like tim- 255ing information, and / or UE capabilities. Additional information may be included into aPUSCH transmission, which may be associated to the preamble, e.g., time multiplexedand / or frequency multiplexed, and / or transmitted on the same occasion / s or opportuni-ties.In some cases, the random access signalling may cross a slot border. This allows spreading 260out the signalling over time. In general, the random access signalling may cover a pluralityof symbols, e.g., 2 or more, or 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more, or 14 or more symbols.The signalling may start in a RO in a first or leading slot, and / or may be continued ina RO in the next or subsequent slot (the slot crossed into); there may be one or more ofsuch subsequent slots. In general, the random access signalling may be (e.g., exclusively) 265transmitted in ROs, and / or on resources associated to and / or allocated for ROs. TheROs may be continuous in time domain, or interrupted (e.g., with a gap in time domainbetween them). The ROs may at least partly, or completely overlap in frequency domain,and / or the signalling may be transmitted on the same frequency resources on differentROs. The ROs may be configured to the wireless device, and / or may be associated to 270and / or be relative to synchronisation signalling occasions, e.g., resources on which SSBor synchronisation signalling is or may be transmitted and / or received.It may be considered that the duration and / or extension in time domain of one or moresecond random access opportunities and / or of the second ROs is longer than that of oneor more first ROs, e.g., e.g., it may comprise ND more symbols, with ND being an integer 275of 1 or larger, or 2 or larger, or 4 or larger, or 7 or larger, or 14 or larger. This allowsspreading out the signalling over a long time, which may improve the reception qualityfor the network node even in SBFD operation.It may be considered that the random access signalling may longer than a slot duration(in time domain). Thus, the total energy / power and / or signal quality may be improved, 280P111150WO01 8 / 91e.g., allowing improved random access, e.g., from a cell edge and / or from larger distancesto the network node.It may be considered that random access signalling may start in a DL slot and end in anUL slot, or vice versa. This allows in particular adapting to UL-light TDD configurations(in which there may be many more DL slots than UL slots). 285In general, it may be considered that the random access signalling is transmitted on thesame and / or aligned and / or associated frequency resources in different slots. Thus, tuningand / or internal interference may be minimised.It may be considered that the random access signalling may be based on a distance and / orpath-loss and / or signal strength and / or signal quality determination. For example, which 290preamble to use, and / or transmission power, and / or signalling duration, and / or whetherto cross a slot boundary may be based on such determination. The determination may beperformed by the wireless device, e.g., based on measurements, which may be performedon pilot or reference signalling, e.g., synchronisation signalling like SSB signalling and / orPSS and / or SSS, and / or CSI-RS signalling, and / or other signalling. For example, there 295may be a threshold for such a characteristic, based on which random access signalling istransmitted on a subband, or not, and / or based on which the preamble and / or formatand / or duration is selected. In some cases, for low signal quality or high path-loss (e.g.,based on measurements, and / or relative to an associated threshold), transmission on thesubband may be performed, e.g., to improve coverage. 300In general, random access signalling may be transmitted on a random access occasion(RO) in the subband. A random access occasion may also be referred to as opportunity;it may indicate time and / or frequency resources on which random access signalling may betransmitted. Both a wireless device and a network node may be aware of such occasion / s,e.g., based on a configuration and / or predefinition. In particular, the network node 305may configure the wireless device with one or more ROs in the subband, e.g., basedon a UL subband configuration and / or UL subband PRACH or RACH configuration.The configuration may implicitly and / or explicitly indicate one or more ROs; it may beconsidered that one or more of those may be invalid, e.g., based on additional criteria;validity may be determined by the wirelss device (the network node may be adapted to 310monitor all occasions, for example, as different wireless devices may have different validoccasions). In general, a RO in an UL subband may be associated to, and / or mapped to,to one or more RO in an UL slot, and / or vice versa, e.g., based on a configuration, and / orpredefined and / or configured or configurable. It may be considered that the starting ROfor random access signalling indicates and / or is mapped to and / or determined a further 315RO in another slot for continuation of the signalling, e.g., based on such a configurationP111150WO01 9 / 91and / or predefinition (this may be unambiguously defined).It may be considered that the random access signalling may be interrupted, e.g., for apause or gap (in time domain). For example, it may be interrupted for a guard intervalwhen switching from DL to UL or vice versa, and / or for a time until an associated RO in 320the next slot (the slot crossed into) starts. This allows spreading out the signalling, whileconsidering provided gaps. In some cases, the interrupting may comprise transmittingzeroed symbols, which may allow maintaining the phase over the pause. In some cases, itmay comprise turning off and / or setting to sleep the transmitter / transceiver, e.g., if thegap is comparatively long. 325In some cases, the random access signalling may be based on a configuration like anUL subband configuration and / or UL subband PRACH configuration and / or a PRACHconfiguration. The configuration / s may be provided individually, or separately, e.g., withdifferent signalling like broadcast signalling and dedicated signalling. This may facilitateUE-specific setups. Different parameters may be provided with different configurations; 330in some cases, a more specialised and / or dedicated and / or additional configuration mayoverride and / or complement a more general or earlier configuration.It may be considered that the random access signalling is based on a dedicated config-uration and / or based on or in accordance with capability information. Capability infor-mation may be provided to the network node by the wireless device, e.g., with higher 335layer signalling; in this case, it may be considered that the random access signallingmay be transmitted after initial access, e.g., for synchronisation or other purposes. Adedicated configuration may in general be UE-specific. However, it may be consideredthat configuration pertaining to SBFD operation and / or UL subband random access sig-nalling may be provided with broadcast signalling, e.g., in system information, e.g., in a 340PDSCH received before initial access is performed. This may allow early utilisation ofthe approaches described herein.A radio node, e.g. a transmitting or signalling radio node, and / or a receiving or feedbackradio node, may operate in TDD mode, e.g. switching between DL periods and ULperiods. A DL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using DL 345transmissions, an UL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using ULtransmissions (e.g., a network node may transmit during DL, and receive during UL, andvice versa for a wireless device). It may be considered that there is a TDD guard periodbetween DL and UL periods and / or between UL and DL periods, which may comprise anumber of symbol time intervals, e.g. 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; there 350may be the same duration for guard periods for DL / UL and UL / DL, or different ones.The guard period may allow switching circuitry between the different communicationP111150WO01 10 / 91directions and / or handling of interference (in particular considering that DL signallingtends to much more powerful than (received) UL signalling). An antenna arrangementmay comprise one or more antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / or panels; different 355antenna arrangements may comprise different antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / orpanels. Different antenna arrangements and / or panels and / or sub-arrays and / or elementsmay be adapted to be controlled or controllable separately from each other. There maybe the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated to DLand UL (at least over a certain time interval, e.g. alternating such that one DL period is 360followed by one UL period, or vice versa, or different numbers or durations, e.g. (roughly)3:1 (e.g., 3 DL periods followed by a TDD guard period and 1 UL period), or (roughly)2:1, or even (roughly) 1:2 or 1:NU with NU 3 or larger, for UL heavy scenarios. ULperiod durations may be the same as DL period durations, or different. The distributionand / or duration of DL and UL periods may be referred to as TDD pattern; the TDD 365pattern may be dynamically controllable (e.g., with DCI signalling), and / or configuredor configurable, e.g. with higher layer signalling like RRC signalling or RLC signalling,and / or may be semi-statically configurable or configured. The TDD pattern may describethe smallest time domain distribution of DL period / s and / or UL period / s and / or TDDguard period / s repeated over time, e.g. in one or more frames and / or subframes and / or 370slots and / or a time duration covering multiple repetitions of the TDD pattern.It may be considered that the radio node is adapted for utilising a number NP of an-tenna sub-arrays and / or panels, wherein NP may be an integer number of 4 or larger. Anantenna sub-array may comprise a plurality of antenna elements, e.g. 4 or more, or 10or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. An antenna sub-array, and / or the antenna ele- 375ments associated thereto and / or comprised therein, may be associated and / or connectedor connectable to one and / or the same antenna circuitry, and / or be jointly controllablefor analog and / or digital beam-forming, and / or be operable for joint transmission orreception. A panel may comprise a support structure, e.g. plastics and / or metallic ma-terial and / or wood, supporting one or more antenna sub-arrays, which additionally may 380support additional circuitry like antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry. Each an-tenna sub-array may be associated for one communication direction (e.g., reception ortransmission) and / or one functionality, e.g. communication. It may be considered thatantenna elements of an antenna sub-array share the same polarisation, e.g. horizontalor vertical. In some cases, NP may be an even number, wherein it may be considered 385that NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays (and / or their antenna elements) may be associated to afirst polarisation (e.g., horizontal or vertical or left-circular or right-circular, or any othersuitable polarisation) and the other NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays are associated to a secondpolarisation, which may be orthogonal to the first polarisation. For example, the firstP111150WO01 11 / 91polarisation may be horizontal with the second polarisation being vertical, or the first 390polarisation may be left-circular and the second polarisation may be right-circular. Thisallows multiple beams to be operated, with good flexibility and / or large signalling capac-ity. In general, an antenna arrangement associated to a radio node may comprise one ormore antenna sub-arrays, in particular an even number of antenna sub-arrays. In general,at different times, different antenna sub-arrays and / or panels may be used for different 395functions, e.g. transmission or reception, and / or communication. The polarisation of anantenna element may be associated to a specific operation direction, e.g. for transmissionor reception. Depending on signalling direction (transmission or reception), polarisationmay be different. For example, an antenna sub-array may be associated to a first polari-sation for transmission, and a second polarisation for reception, or vice versa. This may 400be achieved, for example, by providing crossed linear antenna elements for the sub-arrays,with associated connections / circuitry according to polarisation.A transmitter may generally represent a device adapted for transmission, but it also maybe adapted for reception, and / or represent a TRP or radio node or antenna arrangement.In some cases, a transmitter or TRP may be controlled by a radio node, e.g. a network 405node or transmitting radio node; such a node may control one or more transmitters, e.g.a first transmitter and second transmitter.It may be considered that operating utilising signalling like communication signalling,and / or communicating utilising signalling like communication signalling, may comprisetransmitting the signalling, e.g. communication signalling, and / or receiving the signalling, 410e.g. communication signalling. It may be considered that signalling like communicationsignalling is based on an OFDM wave-form, e.g. OFDM, or DFT-s-OFDM, or pulse-shaped DFT-s-OFDM. Such a wave-form is particularly suitable for wireless communica-tion at high frequencies and / or with high communication loads. A cyclic appendix maygenerally be a cyclic prefix, or a cyclic suffix. The appendix may represent a repetition 415of a part of signalling carried by a symbol at its start (suffix) or end (prefix), which maybe appended at the opposite of the symbol (end or start); e.g. a cyclic prefix may beconsidered a repetition of the signalling at the end of the symbol it pertains to. Thecommunication signalling may be based on a waveform with cyclic appendix. A cyclicappendix may be associated to a specific symbol, it may have a duration shorter than the 420symbol duration, e.g. 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 4 of the symbol duration, or 1 / 6 or less than1 / 6.A radio node, like a transmitting radio node or receiving radio node, may be a wirelessdevice or user equipment or terminal. Alternatively, it may be a network node or sig-nalling radio node. A radio node adapted for wireless communication may be a radio 425P111150WO01 12 / 91node adapted for transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. Communica-tion signalling may be. and / or comprise, data signalling and / or control signalling and / orreference signalling, e.g. according to a wireless communication standard like a 3GPPstandard or IEEE standard (e.g., of WIFI or WLAN). Operating utilising communicationsignalling may comprise transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. The 430radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of a radio node maybe adapted for handling communication signalling The radio node may be adapted forfull-duplex operation, and / or half-duplex operation. Full duplex may refer to transmit-ting and receiving at the same time, e.g. using the same or different circuitries, and / orusing different antenna sub-arrays or separately operable antenna sub-arrays or antenna 435elements. The communication signalling may be beam-formed.A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form may be a wave-form constructed by performing a DFT-spreading operation on modulation symbols mapped to a frequency interval (e.g., sub-carriers), e.g. to provide a time-variable signal. A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form mayalso be referred to a SC-FDM wave-form. It may be considered to provide good PAPR 440characteristics, allowing optimised operation of power amplifiers, in particular for highfrequencies. In general, the approaches described herein may also be applicable to Single-Carrier based wave-forms, e.g. FDE-based wave-forms. Communication, e.g. on datachannel / s and / or control channel / s, may be based on, and / o utilise, a DFT-s-OFDMbased wave-form, or a Single-Carrier based wave-form. 445Communication may in particular on multiple communication links and / or beams and / orwith multiple targets (e.g., TRPs or other forms of transmission sources also receiving)and / or multiple layers at the same time; different reference signallings for multiple trans-mission or reception may be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclicshifts. Thus, high throughput may be achieved, with low interference. In general, different 450reference signallings (e.g., of the same type) may be associated to different transmissionsources and / or beams and / or layers, in particular if transmitted simultaneously and / oroverlapping in time (e.g., considering different timing advance values if transmitted inuplink). For example, there may be first reference signalling transmitted using a firsttransmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer, and second reference signalling 455transmitted using a first transmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer.Paging may in general represent a procedure in which a wireless device known to, and / orregistered with, a network is in a quiet modus, e.g., with RRC connection and / or inidle mode, but data for the wireless device is available (e.g., due to an incoming call).The network then may send a paging message, which may indicate to the wireless device 460that it should connect to the network, e.g. go into RRC connection and / or to perform aP111150WO01 13 / 91random access procedure. Paging messages may be sent a specific paging occasions; theoccasions may be configured to wireless devices, such that for example not all wirelessdevices have to monitor all paging occasions. A paging message may trigger a randomaccess procedure. 465There is also described a program product comprising instructions adapted for causing,and / oir causing, processing circuitry to control and / or perform a method as describedherein. Moreover, a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a programproduct as described herein is considered. An information system comprising, and / orconnected or connectable, to a radio node is also disclosed. 470Brief description of the drawingsThe drawings are provided to illustrate concepts and approaches described herein, andare not intended to limit their scope. The drawings comprise:Figure 1, showing an exemplary illustration of FDD and TDD;Figure 2, showing an exemplary TDD pattern; 475Figure 3, showing an exemplary TDD scenario;Figure 4, showing another exemplary TDD scenario with subband full duplex operation;Figure 5, showing exemplary SBFD scenarios;Figure 6, showing an exemplary RA configuration scenario;Figure 7, showing an exemplary RA scenario; 480Figure 8, showing an exemplary Information Element;Figure 9, showing exemplary field descriptions;Figure 10, showing a diagram of an exemplary method;Figure 11, showing an exemplary bitmap;Figure 12 , showing an exemplary radio node like a wireless device; and 485Figure 13, showing an exemplary radio node like a network node.Detailed descriptionIn the following, reference is being made to a random access procedure, and / or associatedP111150WO01 14 / 91messages. However, the approaches described may be applicable in other contexts, e.g.exchange of messages in high-speed scenarios (e.g., with drones and / or trains and / or 490vehicles) and / or IoT (Internet-of-Things) scenarios and / or for transmission on differentcarriers and / or different beams, and may for example be applicable for control signallingand / or data signalling also outside of a random access procedure. A UE may be seen asan exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device. The random access may be in a3GPP-based system, e.g., NR, or a 6G system, or in another system, e.g., based on WiFI 495and / or WLAN.Random access (RA) may be performed by a wireless device, e.g., to access a cell and / orto start communication and / or to synchronise to a network, in particular for uplinksynchronisation, and / or for handover or other purposes. A receiving radio node like awireless device or UE may be considered to be adapted to perform random access, e.g. to 500perform one or more actions like transmissions and / or reception associated to a randomaccess procedure on the device side; a transmitting radio node like a network node maybe considered to be adapted to perform random access, e.g. to perform one or moreactions like transmissions and / or reception associated to a random access procedure onthe network side. A UE or wireless device may be considered an example of a receiving 505radio node, and the terms may be interchanged. A network node or gNodeB may beconsidered an example of a transmitting radio node and the terms may be interchanged.In general, a wireless device may receive synchronisation signalling transmitted fromthe network (e.g., a signalling radio node), e.g. a transmitted SS / PBCH beam SSB0,SSB1,.... Reception of the SS / PBCH beam SSB0, ... may be with a reception beam, 510which may for example be associated to a random access transmission beam PRACHbeam 0, 1, ... for the wireless device, and / or to the SS / PBCH transmission beam (asso-ciated in this context may indicate the inverse / reverse beam, and / or a beam in a specificreception direction). A reception beam may be associated to a SS / PBCH transmissionbeam, or to a group of such, e.g. comprising two or more SS / PBCH transmission beams, 515e.g. corresponding to a reception beam like a PRACH Rx beam having twice the widthof a SSB beam. The wireless device may determine the best received SS / PBCH trans-mission, e.g. based on reception within a FFT window to sample the signalling, andtransmit a random access preamble in response to indicate it wants to perform randomaccess. A random access preamble may also be referred to as message 1 or Msg1; it 520may be represented by a sequence of symbols to be transmitted, e.g. selected from aset (or two sets or more sets) of preambles available (e.g., according to configurationand / or indicated by the SS / PBCH received); the selection may be randomised, or insome cases, indicated by the network node, for example configuring a specific set and / orpreamble to the wireless device. The Msg1 or preamble may be transmitted in a random 525P111150WO01 15 / 91access resource (also referred to as random access occasion), which may be indicated byand / or dependent on the SS / PBCH received, and / or be associated to the specific set ofpreambles the preamble is selected from. It may be considered that the RA preambleis transmitted using a subcarrier spacing or numerology different from the one used forcommunication; the SCS for RA may be for example be 960 kHz, wherein the commu- 530nication SCS may be 1920 kHz. The transmission of the RA preamble may comprise anumber of repetitions of the preamble and / or a cyclic prefix. When a preamble sequencearrives at the network node, may depend on the distance between the wireless deviceand the receiving network node. The RA preamble transmission may be received withSSB reception beams, to e.g. determine the best reception. The received SSB may in 535general be used for cell identification and synchronisation by the wireless device. How-ever, for transmissions to the network node (UL), timing might be off due to signallingtravelling time; the wireless device may generally acquire a timing advance (TA) value forUL transmissions, which may be provided by the network node. The maximum delay ofRA preamble reception may be indicative of a cell size or communication radius, which 540may be related to a maximum allowed TA. After receiving the preamble, a network nodemay transmit a random access response (RAR) or message 2 (Msg2), which may providea timing advance value (TA1) and schedule resources for uplink transmission, e.g. on aPUSCH, using a message 3 (Msg3). The Msg3 may be transmitted using the providedtiming advance value (TA1) and / or according to the communication SCS, which may 545in general shift the transmission to an earlier point in time in relation to the downlinktiming to accommodate the signal travelling time for UL transmission (e.g., so that thenetwork may receive synchronised signalling). Msg3 may be a contention resolution re-quest, e.g. containing details of the identity of the wireless device to enable to network tounambiguously identify wireless devices to finish random access. A Msg4 transmitted by 550the network node may resolve the contention and / or provide setup for communication,e.g. to perform an RRC setup procedure. In general, multiple wireless device may tryto access the network at the same time, e.g. using the same preamble or same set ofpreambles and / or the same random access resources. The contention resolution may fa-cilitate resolving issues arising with multiple random access attempts. If a wireless device 555does not receive a RAR, it may retransmit the RA preamble with increased power, e.g.using power ramping, until it receives a response and / or a maximum transmission powerhas been reached. In general, random access messages transmitted by a network nodeor signalling radio node (e.g., Msg2, Msg4) may be transmitted on a data channel, e.g.PDSCH or PSSCH; such transmission may be scheduled with a control channel message 560and / or on a PDCCH or PSCCH, e.g. a DCI format message or SCI format message.The control channel message may be associated to a search space or CORESET, whichmay be configured or configurable with higher layer signalling, e.g. with PBCH signallingP111150WO01 16 / 91and / or RRC layer signalling, e.g. in a SS / PBCH transmission and / or a data channeltransmission, e.g. on PDSCH (e.g., for specific configuration or as System Information 565multicast or broadcast, e.g. associated to PBCH signalling). In an alternative approach,instead of Msg1 and 3, a single message may be transmitted, e.g. a message A or MsgA.MsgA may comprise a preamble part and / or a part with coded data, similar to a PUSCHtransmission. In response to a MsgA, there may be transmitted a MsgB, e.g. instead ofa Msg2 and Msg4. MsgB may be similar to a PDSCH transmission. This may be part 570of a 2-step RA procedure. For some uses cases, e.g. synchronisation, it may be sufficientto exchange Msg1 and Msg2 in a shortened 4-step procedure. A MsgB, and / or Msg2 orMsg4 may comprise one or more message parts, e.g. a scheduling assignment (e.g., DCIand / or PDCCH) and / or a scheduled data channel transmission. A MsgB or Msg2 mayin general schedule a transmission by the receiving radio node or UE. A random access 575message like msg1 or msA may have a specific format (e.g., according to preamble-sizeor modulation or simular). In general, the physical channel involved with random accessmay be referred to a PRACH (Physical Random Access CHannel); associated (physicallayer) parameters may be considered PRACH parameters. For many purposes, the termsRACH and PRACH may be considered synonymous. In the context of this discussion 580a preamble may be referred to interchangeably as RA preamble or PRACH preamble orRACH preamble.Random access may in general be performed based on system information, which maybe provided in different information blocks. For example, basic system information maybe included in a MiB, which may be provided via PBCH transmission, in a SSB and / or 585together with synchronisation signalling like PSS and SSS. Additional essential systeminformation may be provided in System Information Blocks (SiBs); of particular impor-tance may be a SiB1, which may provide system information essential to operate, inparticular to perform random access. SiB1 may be provided with data signalling, e.g.,broadcast by PDSCH, which may be scheduled by a broadcast PDCCH or DCI message; 590such broadcast may be periodically; a search space for the DCI / PDCCH message may beindicated in the SSB and / or PBCH. Broadcast in this context may refer to being decod-able by any receiver without additional configuration, e.g., having a CRC scrambled witha commonly known and / or pre-defined RNTI (e.g., defined in the standard). Additionalsystem information (e.g., SiB2 or more, referred to as SiBn; n may be larger than 1) may 595be provided in PDSCH, e.g., in a separate PDSCH transmission, which may be scheduledby DCI message and / or on PDCCH. This may be the same PDSCH providing SiB1, or adifferent transmission. SIBn may be broadcast, or single-cast and / or dedicated signalling,e.g., in response to a request transmitted by the wireless device / UE, for example a msg1,msg3 or msgA during random access; this concept may be referred to as OnDemand, e.g., 600P111150WO01 17 / 91OnDemand request or OnDemand procedure or OnDemand signalling.Some approaches to utilise radio resources (in particular, time and frequency domainresources) comprise FDD and TDD. Transmission and reception from a node, e.g. aterminal in a cellular system, can be multiplexed in the frequency domain or in thetime domain (or combinations thereof). Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) is illustrated 605to the left in Figure 1, and implies that downlink and uplink transmission take placein different, sufficiently separated (e.g., to avoid crosstalk / interference), frequency bands.Time Division Duplex (TDD), as illustrated to the right in Figure 1, implies that downlinkand uplink transmission take place in different, non-overlapping time slots. Thus, TDDcan operate in unpaired spectrum, whereas FDD requires paired spectrum. Frequency 610spectrum referred to in this context may be a carrier; thus unpaired spectrum may be onone carrier, paired spectrum may pertain to two carriers.Typically, the structure of the transmitted signal in a communication system is organizedin the form of a frame structure. In more detail, the following two information elements(IEs) may be defined in current specifications (other approaches may be considered, e.g. in 615non-3GPP systems, or future specifications). The TDD pattern may be configured with atleast the first IE, and optionally the 2nd IE: TDD-DL-UL-ConfigCommon (cell-specific);TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated (UE-specific). The first IE is cell specific (common to allUEs) and is provided by broadcast signalling (e.g., with system information). It providesthe number of slots in the TDD pattern via a reference subcarrier spacing and a period- 620icity such that the S-slot pattern repeats every S slots. This IE allows for very flexibleconfiguration of the pattern characterized as follows: A number of full downlink slotsat the beginning of the pattern configured by the parameter nDownlinkSlots; A numberof full uplink slots at the end of the pattern configured by the parameter nUplinkSlots;A number of downlink (’D’) symbols following the full downlink slots configured by the 625parameter nDownlinkSymbols; A number of uplink (’U’) symbols preceding the full down-link slots configured by the parameter nUplinkSlots. If there is a gap between the lastdownlink symbol and the first uplink symbol, then all symbols in the gap are charac-terized as flexible (’F’). A symbol classified as ’F’ can be used for downlink or uplink.A UE determines the direction in one of the following two ways: Detecting a DCI that 630schedules / triggers a DL signal / channel, e.g., PDSCH, CSI-RS or schedules / triggers anUL signal / channel, e.g. PUSCH, SRS, etc; or by dedicated (UE-specific) signalling ofthe IE TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated. This parameter overrides some or all of the ’F’symbols in the pattern, thus providing a semi-static indication of whether a symbol isclassified as ’D’ or ’U’. Optionally, a 2nd pattern that is concatenated to the first pattern 635can be configured as above. If a 2nd pattern is configured, the constraint is that the sumof the periodicities of the two patterns must evenly divide 20 ms.P111150WO01 18 / 91Figure 2 shows an exemplary TDD DL / UL pattern configured by TDD-DL-UL-ConfigCommon.It consists of 3 full ’D’ slots, 1 full ’U’ slot, with a mixed slot in between consisting of 4’D’ symbols and 3 ’U’ symbols. The remaining 7 symbols in the mixed slot are classified 640as ’F.’If a UE is not configured with TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated, then the pattern at the topof the diagram is what it assumes. As stated above, the network can make use of the ’F’symbols flexibly, by scheduling / triggering either an uplink or a downlink signal / channelin a UE specific manner. This allows for very dynamic behavior: the direction is not 645known to the UE a priori; rather, the direction becomes known once the UE detects aDCI scheduling / triggering a particular DL or UL signal / channel.In contrast, the DL / UL direction for some or all of the ’F’ symbols in a particular slot canbe provided to the UE in a semi-static manner by RRC configuring the UE with TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated. The lower part of Figure 2 shows 3 exemplary configurations 650for overriding ’F’ symbols in Slot 3. If the IE indicates ’allDownlink’ or ’allUplink’ for aparticular slot (or slots), then all ’F’ symbols in the slot are converted to either ’D’ or ’U,’respectively. If the IE indicates ’explicit,’ then a number of symbols at the beginning ofthe slot and / or a number of symbols at the end of the slot are indicated as ’D’ and ’U,’respectively. In the example below, the first 7 and the last 5 are indicated as ’D’ and ’U’, 655which converts some of the ’F’ symbols (but not all in this example) to ’D’ and ’U.’Figure 2 thus shows exemplary an TDD DL / UL pattern consisting of S = 5 slots. TDD-DL-UL-ConfigCommon configures the cell-specific pattern, and TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated(if provided) UE-specifically configures the direction for some or all of the ’F’ symbolsin the cell-specific pattern. The UE-specific IE TDD-DL-UL-ConfigDedicated can only 660override (i.e., specify ’D’ or ’U’) for symbols that are configured as ’F’ by the cell-specificIE TDD-DL-UL-ConfigCommon. In other words, a UE does not expect to have a ’D’symbol converted to ’U’ or vice versa.As described in the last section, in a conventional TDD system, entire carrier BW or allcarriers in the same frequency band need to be utilizing the same DL transmission or UL 665reception directions. This is further illustrated in Figure 3.A subband full duplex (SBFD) system may be considered, e.g., in the context of TDD.In such a system, a portion of a carrier like a wide bandwidth carrier may be used for adifferent direction than that of the rest of the carrier. This is illustrated in the left-handside of Figure 4. That is, unlike a conventional TDD system as shown on the left-hand 670side of Figure 3, where the entire bandwidth is used for DL transmission in the first threeslots, the center portion of the SBFD carrier is used for UL reception while the rest ofP111150WO01 19 / 91the carrier continues to be used for DL transmission as shown in the left-hand side ofFigure 4. Similarly, instead of utilizing all carriers for the same DL or UL directions ina conventional TDD system as shown in the right-hand side of Figure 3, some carriers in 675the SBFD system can be used for a different direction than that of the other carriers asshown in the right-hand side of Figure 4.It may be considered that only a network node operates in SBFD, e.g. a network nodelike a gNBs may transmit DL and receive UL simultaneously. An individual UE in somevariants may be scheduled in only one direction (DL or UL) at a time. 680It may be considered to provide a configuration of one or more OFDM symbols of a slotwith two or more ”RB sets” where each RB set corresponds to a frequency domain sub-band and has a defined transmission direction (’D’ or ’U’). The RB sets may have gapsbetween them that serve as guardbands where neither DL or UL transmission occurs.Figure 5 shows two exemplary RB set configurations, one with D – U – D configuration 685and the other with U – D – U configuration. The RB sets are configured (e.g., to awireless device), e.g., by introduction of new RRC parameter(s) or enhancement of anexisting RRC parameter, e.g., TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated. In either case, the param-eter(s) may signal the size and frequency domain location of the RB sets as well as whichsymbols / slots in the TDD UL / DL pattern are configured with RB sets. Figure 5 specif- 690ically shows thus configured exemplary configurations of 3 RB sets in an SBFD symbolconfigured as (a) D – U – D (to the left), and (b) as U – D – U (on the right). Rel-18PRACH ConfigurationAn exemplary PRACH configuration according to existing (Rel-17) specifications is de-scribed here. The example is for frequency range 1 (FR1) for unpaired spectrum (TDD), 695and uses PRACH configuration index 118 from the existing (Rel-17) 38.211 specificationas shown in Figure 6.Figure 7 illustrates an example PRACH configuration (e.g., as indicated with the config-uration of Figure 6), assuming the PRACH SCS is 30 kHz. The value x = 1 in Table6.3.3.2-3 (see Figure 6) means that the PRACH configuration period is 2 radio frames (20 700ms), and the value y = 1 means that the RACH occasions (ROs) occur in the 2nd frameof this period. Within this frame, the ROs occur in subframes 2,3,4,7,8, and 9. With 30kHz SCS, there are two slots per subframe. Since the number of PRACH slots within asubframe is equal to 1 for this example, the 2nd slot of the subframe contains the ROsaccording to current specifications. This means that the ROs are contained in slots 5,6,9, 70514, 17, and 19. In this example PRACH format A3 (6 symbol duration) is used, hencethere are two back-to-back ROs per slot starting at symbol 0 of the slot.P111150WO01 20 / 91For an example, it may be assumed that the cell-specific (common) TDD UL / DL pattern isD-D-D-D-U, which is also shown in Figure 7. In the existing 38.213 spec, the UE assumesthat a RACH occasion is valid if it is within UL symbols according to the following text 710extract:[38.213 Section 8.1] For unpaired spectrum,• if a UE is not provided tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, a PRACH occasion ina PRACH slot is valid if it does not precede a SS / PBCH block in the PRACH slotand starts at least N gap symbols after a last SS / PBCH block reception symbol, 715where N gap is provided in Table 8.1-2 and, if channelAccessMode = ”semiStatic”is provided, does not overlap with a set of consecutive symbols before the start of anext channel occupancy time where the UE does not transmit [15, TS 37.213].• the candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block corresponds to the 720SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in Serving-CellConfigCommon , as described in clause 4.1 If a UE is provided tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, a PRACH occasion in a PRACH slot is valid if• it is within UL symbols, or 725• it does not precede a SS / PBCH block in the PRACH slot and starts at leastN gap symbols after a last downlink symbol and at least N gap symbols after a lastSS / PBCH block symbol, where N gap is provided in Table 8.1-2, and if channelAc-cessMode = ”semiStatic” is provided, does not overlap with a set of consecutive 730symbols before the start of a next channel occupancy time where there shall not beany transmissions, as described in [15, TS 37.213]• the candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block corresponds to theSS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCell- 735ConfigCommon, as described in clause 4.1.With the D-D-D-D-U pattern, it turns out that only slots 9 and 19 contain valid ROs.The ROs in slots in 5, 7, 15, and 17 are invalidated, as indicated by the X’s in Figure 7.P111150WO01 21 / 91In the current 38.331 spec, ROs are configured in the frequency domain via two param- 740eters: msg1-FDM, which indicates the number of ROs in the frequency domain (1, 2,4, or 8) within an OFDM symbol, and msg1-FrequencyStart which indicates the lowestindexed RB in the active BWP of the first RO in the frequency domain. A correspondingIE is shown in Figure 8, Figure 9 shows associated field descriptions.A subband (also referred to as UL subband) may in general be configured as an UL 745subband in a DL slot. There may be one or more subbands; at least one DL subbandmay be present in a DL slot. A subband / UL subband may be configured by a networknode, e.g. with a subband or UL subband configuration. The subband may be configuredwith a starting time, and / or ending time (e.g., with a starting symbol and / or endingsymbol or corresponding resource element / s), and / or with a lowest frequency (e.g., a 750PRB or resource element or subcarrier), and7or highest frequency (e.g., a PRB or resourceelement or subcarrier). The subband may be valid for the whole duration of a slot, or fora limited time within the slot. In general, the subband / UL subband configuration may bein addition to, and / or based on, to a TDD configuration or UL / DL slot configuration; itmay override and / or complement such a configuration. A RO may be indicated in relation 755to parameters identifying the subband, e.g., starting time / symbol and / or ending timesymbol, and / or starting / lowest PRB or frequency or subcarrier, and / or ending / highestPRB or frequency or subcarrier. In general, the frequeny range covered by a subband / ULsubband may be continuous in frequency domain; a subband may be continuous in timedomain during its time of validity. 760For typical legacy TDD DL / UL configurations with a DDDDU slot format, legacy opera-tion is restricted to using short PRACH formats, shorter than one (UL) slot. That limitsthe effective cell coverage and cell range that is possible to achieve. With SBFD capabledevices and networks, PRACH is no longer limited to UL slots. Approaches for efficientlyconfiguring SBFD PRACH in relation to legacy PRACH are considered, e.g., such that 765longer formats, and correspondingly longer transmission durations, are feasible.There may be considered a method in a wireless network device (UE) for transmittinga PRACH preamble in an UL subband to a wireless network node. The device maydetermine an UL subband RACH occasion (RO) associated with an UL slot (legacy) RO,together with a PRACH format and PRACH preamble that is associated with the UL 770subband RO. The determined PRACH preamble may be transmitted at the determinedUL subband RO.There may be considered a method of operation a wireless device, and / or a wirelessdevice adapted accordingly may be considered (as well as complementary method of op-erating a network node, or a network node adapted accordingly). One or more of the 775P111150WO01 22 / 91following features may be considered for any one of the methods or devices (wireless de-vice and / or network node) may be considered. The method may pertain to an SBFDconfigured network device (e.g., UE). The method may be for, and / or comprise transmit-ting a PRACH preamble in an UL subband to a SBFD configured network node. Themethod may comprise determining, and / or transmitting may be based on, a PRACH 780format and / or preamble associated with a UL subband RO (which may be determined,e.g., based on, and / or in accordance with, a configuration; it should be noted that anUL subband RO may be in a DL slot); and / or the method may comprise determining,and / or transmitting may be based on, an UL subband RO associated with an UL slot(legacy) RO; and / or transmitting may comprise transmitting at least a first part of the 785determined PRACH preamble at the determined UL subband RO. A second part of thepreamble may be transmitted in UL slot RO. Alternatively, or additionally, wherein themethod may comprise and / or the wireless device may be adapted to , e.g., prior to deter-mining the RO, receiving one or more of, and / or wherein transmitting may be based onone or more of a PRACH configuration, and / or an UL subband configuration; and / or an 790UL subband PRACH configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmitting maycomprise, and / or the method may comprise, and / or the wireless device may be adaptedfor, pausing transmission at a configured guard / flexible symbol, and / or transmitting theremaining part of the determined PRACH preamble (e.g., in the UL slot). Altenratively,or additionally, the transmission of a second part may start at the symbol subsequent to 795the guard / flexible symbol, or the UL slot RO (determined to be associated to the ULsubband RO).In general, a UL subband PRACH configuration (based on which transmitting may beperformed, and / or which may be configured to the wireless device by the network node)may include one or more of a PRACH format; more PRACH config information (e.g., 800that may differ to legacy); a time offset (e.g., from a beginning time, or an ending time, ofa subband); a frequency offset (e.g, from a lowest frequency of the subband, or a highestfrequency of the subband); A PRACH duration; A PRACH interrupt; A shift or reverseof the SSB index to which the UL subband RO is associated in relation to the UL slotRO; A PRACH table configuration index, where 0 or more columns may be ignored (e.g. 805subframe number ignored, while all intra-slot-related columns adhered to).It may be considered that an association of the UL subband RO with the UL slot ROmay be, and / or may be based on one or more of or at least one of: An offset in time;An offset in frequency; A PRACH interrupt. It may be considered the time offset maybe determined from a (e.g., received or configured) UL subband configuration, and / or 810a (received or configured) UL subband PRACH configuration. The time offset may bedetermined such that for a given PRACH format or preamble, the UL subband RO mayP111150WO01 23 / 91have the same end symbol as the UL slot RO. The RO and / or transmitting may beinterrupted by one or more of DL-to-UL guard symbols; UL symbols prior to the UL slotRO; A PRACH interrupt configuration. In some variants, the UL subband RO may be 815considered valid if one or more of the following applies: Regardless of if the UL slot isvalid; If also the UL slot RO is valid; the UL subband RO time-frequency resource islocated within an UL subband.Efficient configuration of SBFD PRACH may be provided, which may allows for usinglonger PRACH formats and consequently longer transmission durations. As a result, 820devices in worse coverage and / or at longer ranges can be detected and connected to thenetwork. Particularly, configuring PRACH to span both UL subband / s and UL slots, boththe long format, from spanning multiple slots, and good detection performance, from thehigher SINR in UL slots, can be achieved. Alternatively, more ROs will allow for shorterPRACH latencies and higher PRACH capacity, useful in industrial applications. 825A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, and / ora wireless device or apparatus for a wireless communication network may be considered.The wireless device may be configured, and / or be adapted for being configured, for SBFDoperation, and / or for transmitting a random access preamble like a PRACH preamble in atleast an UL subband to a network node (e.g., gNB), which may support SBFD operation. 830A configuration, like a PRACH configuration or RA configuration (the terms may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure), e.g., a provided UL subband PRACH configuration,may include, e.g., one or more of:• An indication of a relative time and / or frequency location (offset) of the UL sub-band PRACH in relation to the provided legacy PRACH RO. The time offset may 835be indicated, e.g., in symbols and / or slots and / or subframes and the frequency off-set may be indicated in, e.g., subcarriers, PRBs or RB sets. Additionally, and / oralternatively, the time offset may relate to the UL subband RO’s location in relationto the start of the UL subband or the start of the slot / symbol / subframe in whichthe UL subband starts or similar. Correspondingly, the frequency offset may relate 840to the UL subband RO’s location in relation to the start of the UL subband. Figure14 illustrates some of the described time and frequency offsets.• A PRACH format, allowing for, e.g., a different PRACH preamble with differentproperties, e.g., different CP length and / or different duration and / or subcarrier 845spacing. A legacy PRACH configuration may define multiple ROs, and / or in onevariant, the offset may only applied to a subset of ROs (e.g., one, and / or the first)P111150WO01 24 / 91in a slot / subframe. Thus, there may be cases with only a subset of ROs in the ULsubband even if there are more ROs in the UL slot. This option may be especiallyuseful if the configured preamble format differs from the legacy preamble format and 850thus the number of ROs per PRACH slot / subframe differs. A different offset maybe applied to each RO. A subset of the offsets (e.g. only the first RO’s offset), maybe signalled / configured / predefined as described herein; remaining offsets may havetheir offsets automatically derived based on the subset of offsets such that there isno overlap among the resulting ROs in the UL subband. 855• A preamble duration, which may indicate a different length of the PRACH preamblecompared to its specified duration, e.g., extending over the duration of a RO and / orslot (an extended duration may for example be achieved by repeating signalling ofthe preamble). 860• An indication of a PRACH interrupt, e.g., breaking the contiguous PRACH pream-ble into two non-contiguous parts, which may be interrupted by a DL / UL switchguard interval.865 •An indication of a shift or a reversal in the order of a configured or specified SSB-to-RO mapping between the legacy RO and the UL subband RO, e.g., that in case twoSSBs are transmitted by the node, a legacy RO mapping to SSB 0 will be associatedwith a UL subband RO mapping to SSB 1 and vice versa.870 •A PRACH table configuration index may be provided, where 0 or more columnsmay be ignored. In on variant, the subframe field may be ignored, but intra-slotrelated columns (e.g., “starting symbol”, “number of PRACH slots within a sub-frame”, “number of time-domain PRACH occasions within a PRACH slot”) may beconsidered. In one variant, the system frame number (SFN) related fields may be ig- 875nored; the SFNs where the legacy ROs occur may determine in which SFN the ROsoccur. In one variant, the SFN related fields may be considered. In one variant, allfields except the preamble format field may be ignored. The time domain positionsof the ROs may be determined based on the legacy ROs and the configured offset(s).880In general, a wireless device or UE may be configured or configurable (e.g., by a networknode) with a first RA configuration and a second RA configuration (which may be config-ured with the same or different signalling occurrences and / or with the same or differentP111150WO01 25 / 91messages (e.g., RRCReconfiguration and / or RRCSetup). The first RA configuration mayindicate and / or configure one or more (first) ROs. The second RA configuration may 885indicate and / or configure one or more (second) ROs. First ROs may be associated to thefirst RA configuration, second ROs may be associated to the second RA configuration.A first RO may overlap and / or collide with a second RO, e.g., partially or completely,for example in time domain and / or frequency domain, and / or one or more aspects ofRA format (e.g., duration and / or length in symbols and / or set of sequences and / or set 890of sequence roots available). A second RA configuration may in particular pertain toSBFD operation and / or may be provided or configured based on capability informationtransmitted and / or provided to a network or network node by the wireless device. ARA configuration, in particular a second RA configuration, may indicate one or morerules for validating a RO, e.g., a second RO. A rule may pertain to a first RA configu- 895ration, and / or first RO, and / or comparison therewith, for example based on overlappingresources in time domain and / or frequency domain; in some cases, a rule may be basedon a TDD pattern and / or slot configuration or symbol configuration (e.g., whether a slotis an UL slot and / or comprises UL symbols). A first RA configuration may be providedwith broadcast signalling, e.g., with RRC layer signalling and / or signalling on a broad- 900cast channel like PBCH and / or PDSCH, and / or utilising one or more system informationblocks (e.g., SIBn),and / or may be cell-specific. The second RA configuration may beprovided with dedicated signalling, e.g., based on capability information pertaining to aspecific UE, and / or may be UE-specific; a second RA configuration may for example beprovided in a RRCreconfiguration message, or a RRCSetup message. However, in some 905cases, the second RA configuration may be provided with broadcast signalling as well (e.g.,a SIB), and / or the first RA configuration may be provided with dedicated signalling, inparticular during a reconfiguration or setup.A PRACH interrupt may be related to, e.g., DL-to-UL guard symbols, and / or UL sym-bols prior to the legacy RO; and / or an UL subband PRACH interrupt configuration. In 910general, an interrupt and / or PRACH interrupt may indicate and / or specify and / or con-figure transmission of the preamble, and / or the UL subband RO, and / or the resources orRO for the transmission, to be split into two non-contiguous parts, a first part starting atthe start of the RO and a second part starting after the PRACH interrupt, e.g., after theDL-to-UL guard symbols or at the start of the legacy RO to which the UL subband RO is 915associated. The PRACH interrupt may further be specified or configured how to handlethe interrupt, e.g., should the device continue to transmit, or be assumed to continuing totransmit, during the interrupt, or the device should pause its transmission and continueafter the guard band. In one variant, the pausing of the PRACH preamble transmission,may involve keeping the transmitter on, but puncturing the preamble transmission during 920P111150WO01 26 / 91the pause. Puncturing can be done by replacing the samples during the pause with zeros.This has the advantage that the phase of the transmission may be maintained after thepause. In one variant, the UE may signal a capability if it can maintain the phase duringthe pause or not.The validation or validity of the UL subband RO may depend on one or more of the 925following parameters or conditions: Regardless of if the legacy UL slot or legacy RO isvalid or not; Only if the legacy RO is valid; the UL subband RO time-frequency resourceis located within an UL subband, either fully or at least the RO part prior to an interrupt.In general, validation and / or validating may refer to, and / or comprise, and / or be basedon, determining, e.g., as determining validity and / or that a RO is valid, whether a config- 930ured and / or indicated RO may be used for, and / or intended for use, and / or is available orallowed for use, for transmission, e.g., of random access signalling and / or a RA preamble.Validation may be based on configured and / or pre-defined rules, which may indicate whena RO is to be validated on invalidated (also referred to as non-validated). An invalidatedRO may be determined to not be usable for a transmission, and / or may not be used for 935transmission, e.g., skipped (such that one of the next in time domain, or the next in timedomain of validated ROs may be used for transmission. Validation may be performed in-dividually, e.g. for each RO, e.g., in time domain for the next RO until a RO is validated,and / or transmission is performed, for a set of more than one RO, e.g., over a time interval,which for example may be a time interval covering one or more subframe and / or one or 940more TDD patterns, and / or one or more DL slots. Validating may comprise determiningthe validity of a RO and / or that a RO is valid, or the invalidity of the RO, and / or thatthe RO is invalid.For a cell configured with SBFD operation, in order to serve both RACH accesses initiatedby a legacy UEs (or UEs not operating SBFD) and RACH access initiated by a UEs 945operating SBFD, one option is that the cell or network node may provide UEs with twoPRACH configurations, e.g., legacy one and an additional one for SBFD operation. Insome cases, these two configurations may indicate ROs that overlap, e.g., in time domainand / or frequency domain. This may be undesirable for several reasons, for example ifthe PRACH preambles used in the first and second RO have different formats, they 950may be non-orthogonal, and thus may strongly interfere with each other. If the formatsare the same, the base station may not be able to determine if a PRACH transmissionoriginated from a UE that used the first or second configuration. An approach or methodto selectively invalidate ROs indicated by the second configuration is proposed, whichmay ameliorate such issues. 955For SBFD, one option is that the UE is provided with two PRACH configurations, theP111150WO01 27 / 91legacy one and an additional one for SBFD operation. A method is disclosed for de-termining which ROs in the additional PRACH configuration that are valid. In someembodiments, this determination depends on the ROs in the first PRACH configuration.For example, an RO indicated by the second configuration, is invalid if it overlaps with 960an RO indicated by the first configuration.There is generally discussed a method in a wireless device, and / or for operating a wirelessdevice, e.g., for and / or comprising transmitting random access signalling like a preamblelike a PRACH preamble, e.g., to a network node (the network node may be capable ofsubband full duplex communication) The method may comprise any of the method fea- 965tures described herein and / or one or more of: receiving a SBFD configuration; and / orreceiving a first [e.g., legacy] RA or PRACH configuration indicating one or more firstROs, and / or receiving a second [e.g., SBFD] RA or PRACH configuration indicating oneor more second ROs; and / or determining if or whether a one or more second RO is valid;and / or transmitting a PRACH preamble in one of the valid second ROs and / or transmit- 970ting random access signalling like a RA preamble on a validated RO (e.g., from a secondconfiguration). It may be considered that the determining maz comprise considering asecond RO to be valid if it starts in a SBFD symbol. In some variants, the determiningmay comprise considering a second RO to be valid if it does not collide and / or overlap(e.g., partially or completely, in time domain and / or frequency domain and / or preamble 975format) with a first RO. It may be considered that colliding or overlapping may comprisethat the first and second RO collides in time. In some cases, colliding may comprise thatthe first and second RO collide in time and / or frequency. It may be considered that col-liding in time may comprise that a second RO at least partly overlaps with a time intervalstarting T1 seconds before the first RO starts and ends T2 seconds after the first RO ends 980(T1 and / or T2 may be a fraction or multiple of 1). Colliding in time may comprise and / orrepresent that a second RO is located in the same slot and / or subslot and / or subframe asa first RO. Colliding in time may comprise and / or represent that a second RO starts inthe same subslot and / or slot and / or subframe as a first RO. Colliding in frequency maycomprise and / or consist of and / or represent a frequency range (e.g., subcarriers or PRBs) 985of the second RO at least partly overlapping with the frequency range of the first RO. Thesecond RA or PRACH configuration may include an indication whether a collision withthe first ROs should be considered or not (e.g., as a rule for validating). A second RO,that would be validated according to a general / legacy RO validation rule (applicable to afirst RO), may be invalidated according to an explicit rule for the second RA or PRACH 990configuration. A validation rule may be and / or comprise and / or represent that a RO ina slot like a PRACH slot is valid if it is within UL symbols (e.g., UL slot or Special slotwith UL symbols).P111150WO01 28 / 91For SBFD, it is proposed that RACH occasions will be made available also in SBFDsymbol, e.g., with a second RA configuration. There may be defined general validation 995rules for ROs in SBFD symbols. However, there could be cases where the network wouldlike to further restrict which ROs that are valid. Thus, there is a need for a method toindicate to the UE which SBFD ROs that are valid. In addition, it may be desirable forthe base station or network node to be able to control how the UE uses the SBFD ROstogether with legacy ROs in UL symbols. 1000There may be considered a method for indicating to the UE which SBFD ROs are validin addition to generic validation rules. Further methods to indicate how the UE shoulduse SBFD ROs together with legacy ROs, for example when it comes to prioritization,repetitions, multiple RACH attempts and power ramping may be considered. There maygenerally be considered a UE / WD and a method for operating such, the UE / WD being 1005adapted for, and / or the method comprising, transmitting random access signalling ona RO based on a indication (selection indication). The indication may be transmittedto the UE / WD by a network node. The indication may indicate or index one or morefeatures (e.g., parameter / s and / or values and / or resources and / or switches) of a (second)RA configuration to be activated (also referred to as validated) and / or deactivated (also 1010referred to invalidated), in particular one or more (second) ROs indicated by the (second)RA configuration. The indication may explicitly, or implicitly, indicate or index the oneor more ROs. The indication may be provided with the RA configuration (e.g., in thesame configuration message, e.g., as a default indication), and / or separately, e.g., with aseparate message, for example in a physical layer message (e.g., DCI and / or control chan- 1015nel) or with higher-layer signalling, e.g., in an MAC layer CE and / or RRC informationelement.In general, there may be considered a method for operating a wireless device, and / or amethod in an SBFD capable network device, The method may comprise and / or be forperforming random access procedure and / or transmitting random access signalling, e.g., a 1020network node like a SBFD capable or configured network node. The method may compriseany of the features of operating a wireless device discussed herein, individually and / or incombination. In particular, the method may comprise receiving a PRACH configuration(also referred to RA configuration, which may be a second RA configuration); the methodmay alternatively, or additionally, include receiving an indicator or indication, which 1025may be a selection indication. The method may alternatively, or additionally, comprisedetermining a set of (second) ROs associated with the PRACH configuration based on theindication, and / or validating a set of (second) ROs based on the indication (determiningmay be based on and / or comprise such validating). Alternatively, or additionally, themethod may comprise transmitting random access signalling like a RA preamble and / or 1030P111150WO01 29 / 91PRACH at a determined RO from the set. The set may comprise one or more ROs; theROs may be second ROs, and / or first ROs. There is generally considered a wireless deviceor UE adapted to perform any of the methods and / or action described herein.The indicator and / or indication may indicate that SBFD RACH is enabled or disabled(‘SBFD PRACH enabled’), e.g., indicating, that all second ROs are invalid, or may be 1035valid (depending on potentially one or more additional rules for validity). This may beconsidered switching on or off of SBFD-based random access. In this context, ROs inSBFD slots or time intervals may be invalid if switched off. Alternatively, or additionally,an indication of S̈BFD RACH disabled(̈or a missing indication of S̈BFD PRACH enabled)̈may imply and / or indicate that only first ROs or legacy ROs may be used for transmitting 1040RA signalling or PRACH. The indication may indicate and / or represent S̈BFD RACHenabled ’́ and / or activation of the second RA configuration and / or second ROs, and / ormay imply that SBFD ROs may be used for transmitting RA signalling / PRACH (po-tentially based on one or more (additional) validation rules, which may invalidate oneor more of activated second ROs). The first ROs (legacy ROs9 may also be used for 1045transmitting RA signalling / PRACH in some variants. The additional use of first ROs(legacy ROs) may be determined by a specification and / or be pre-defined, The indicationmay generally indicate which ROs are to be prioritized, e.g. if ROs of first and second RAconfigurations are activated and / or valid, e.g., that the second (SBFD) ROs should beprioritized to first (legacy) ROs (‘RO prioritization’). Prioritisation may indicate and / or 1050refer to the prioritised ROs being used rather than the de-prioritised if both types areavailable, e.g., within a reference time interval (e.g., one or more slots, and / or a TDDpattern, and / or one or more subframes). RO prioritisation may indicate that the second(SBFD) RO / s should be prioritized before the first (legacy) RO / s, or the omission of theRO prioritization indicator or indication may indicate that first or legacy ROs should be 1055prioritized to second or SBFD ROs. The (selection) indication may indicates RO escala-tion and / or an order of RO escalation, e.g. indicating in whether and / or in which orderROs or sets of ROs are to be used in fallback and / or failing RA procedures. The ROescalation order may be one of first or legacy RO escalation before second or SBFD ROescalation; and / or second or SBFD escalation before first RO or legacy RO escalation; 1060and / or escalation based on transmit power regardless of first or legacy RO or second orSBFD escalation (this may refer to performing power ramping for ongoing attempts toachieve a random access response. The (selection) indication may indicate RO repetition,e.g., whether and / or how often to repeat transmission of RA signalling on first and / orsecond ROs and / or according to first RA configuration and / or second RA configuration. 1065In some cases, the (selection) indication and / or RO repetition may indicates and / or rep-resent that second or SBFD and first or legacy ROs may not be mixed for RO repetitions,P111150WO01 30 / 91or it may indicate that they may be mixed for RO repetitions, and / or be able to switchboth and / or indicate either. The (selection) indication may comprise and / or be a bitmap,which may indicate the validation and / or activation of ROs in time, frequency or time 1070and frequency resources of the PRACH configuration (‘RO bitmap’); there may be amapping of bits of the bitmap to specific ROs, e.g., second ROs. This may be consid-ered explicit indication of individual or groups of ROs. It may be considered that thebitmap may indicate subframes and / or slots and / or subslots and / or symbols comprisingvalid ROs among a set of subframes and / or slots and / or subslots and / or symbols, e.g., 1075as predefined and / or provided by a PRACH configuration in a specification. It may beconsidered that an empty bitmap may indicate that the predefined and / or mapped to RAconfiguration, e.g., PRACH configuration and / or second RA configuration and / or firstRA configuration is not enabled or activated (and / or that associated ROs may be invalidand / or deactivated. A bitmap element may include and / or indicate a starting symbol 1080and / or a duration and / or indicate a time interval; the ROs within such may be indicatedas (potentially) valid or to be determined as valid (considering additional rules) and / orindicated as not invalid; this may refer to a specific set of ROs, e.g., the set of secondROs.An indication, in particular the selection indication, may comprise one or more indicators 1085and / or bitfields or bitmaps (of one or more bits each), and / or a set of one or moreinstructions and / or indicators., and / or provide indications for multiple functions and / oractivations.A method for operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network may beconsidered, e.g., a method in an SBFD capable network device (UE). The method may 1090be for, and / or comprise, performing random access (or transmitting a PRACH preamble)towards an network node like an SBFD capable network node (gNB). Figure 10 shows adiagram of an exemplary method.In a first action, the wireless device may receive a second RA configuration, e.g., a PRACHconfiguration, which may include a (selection) indication, and / or the selection indication 1095may be provided separately. The indication can be provided separately from the remainingsecond RA configuration, like a PRACH configuration, e.g., in one or more separate (groupof) information elements, or may be provided within a first RA or PRACH configurationthat may or may not be provided in combination with a second PRACH configuration.Although presented in this disclosure as a separate indicator or indication, the indication 1100or indicator may or may not be part of the (second) PRACH configuration.The device may determine a set of valid ROs that may be used for a RA signallinglike PRACH preamble transmission based on the (e.g., second) PRACH configurationP111150WO01 31 / 91and the indication. In addition to first or legacy validation rules, e.g., the RO beingcomprised within UL or flexible symbols, and further restricted, directly or indirectly, by 1105information relating to the PRACH configuration index, e.g., related to certain subframes,slots or symbols, and the RPACH duration, the validation may additionally depend oninformation provided by the selection indication or indicator.The device may transmit RA signalling like a PRACH preamble in one of the determinedROs. The selected RO among the set of ROs may further be related to the reception of 1110a preferred SSB, such that the signalling like the PRACH preamble may be transmittedin an RO that would imply that it can advantageously be received by the network node.In one variant, the (selection) indication may be an indication to enable / disable (acti-vate / deactivate) a second RA configuration and / or SBFD PRACH and / or transmissionof RA signalling on a second RO. In this case, the indication may comprise and / or be 1115implemented as is a single-bit indicator or flag or switch, which may indicate the secondRA configuration and / or SBFD RACH (corresponding to transmission of RA signallingof a second RO and / or on SBFD intervals) is enabled or disabled. The single-bit indi-cator may indicate whether ROs in SBFD symbols are supported and / or activated. Abit value 0 may indicate ROs in SBFD symbols are NOT valid, while bit value 1 may 1120indicate ROs in SBFD symbols or slots or subslots are (potentially) valid, or vice versaregarding the bit value. The ROs may be entirely comprised within SBFD symbols and / orslots and / or time intervals to be (potentially) valid, whereas in an alternative, the ROsmay be fully comprised in SBFD and UL symbols or corresponding time intervals. RRCsignalling may carry or indicate the indicator in a message, e.g., without the associated 1125PRACH configuration(s) (e.g., second RA configuration); in some cases, the RRC sig-nalling may carry or indicate the associated PRACH configuration indices (e.g., indexingthe first and / or second RA configuration, or one or more additional ones, one or moreof which may pertain to alternative configurations and / or set of ROs, and / or may alsopertain to SBFD mode. The indicator may be associated with one or multiple PRACH 1130configurations. The detailed PRACH configurations may be already signalled to a WDor UE beforehand. In this way, the signalling overhead can minimised. As additionalexample, a RRC signalling may carry multiple indicators, where each indicator may beassociated with different PRACH configuration indices and / or indicate or pertain to a dif-ferent RA configuration. It may be considered that MAC CE based signalling may carry 1135one or multiple indicators, wherein each indicator may be associated with and / or pertainto different PRACH configuration indices and / or different RA configurations. Physicallayer signalling like L1 signalling (e.g., DCI) may carry one or multiple indicators, whereeach indicator may be associated with and / or pertain different PRACH configurationindices and / or different RA configurations. Such signalling in some cases does not con- 1140P111150WO01 32 / 91tain PRACH configuration indices and / or does not provide parameters for RA operationand / or does not indicate resources for ROs. Which / what PRACH configuration(s) are tobe affected / applied by the received indicators may be configured / preconfigured to UEsbeforehand and / or with separate signalling. In an example, the cell may provide only oneadditional PRACH configuration to UEs for SBFD operation (second RA configuration). 1145The WD or UE may then by default apply received indicator / s and / or indications to thisPRACH configuration. In another example, which / what PRACH configuration(s) are tobe affected / applied by the received indicators may have been signalled and / or configuredearlier.Alternatively, or additionally, RO prioritisation may be considered. The indication may 1150indicate and / or comprise and / or represent an indication indicating which ROs and / or RAconfiguration should be prioritised. For example, it may be indicated that a second RAconfiguration and / or second ROs and / or the SBFD ROs should be prioritised over firstROs and / or the associated RA configuration and / or legacy ROs. In another variant, theopposite may. Prioritisation may further be dependent on UE type, such that a certain 1155type of UE may use one prioritisation scheme, whereas another UE type may use another,e.g., according to capability. UE type in this case may be, e.g., eMBB UE, RedCap UE,AIoT UE, XR UE or URLLC UE. A UE may determine whether to choose and / or utilisefor transmission the prioritised ROs according to the UE’s access category. PrioritisedROs may be only applicable to UEs associated with specific access categories. A UE may 1160determine whether to choose and / or utilise for transmission the prioritised ROs accordingto the UE’s access class. Prioritised ROs may be only applicable to UEs associated withspecific access classes.Alternatively, or additionally, a UE may determine whether to choose and / or utilise fortransmission the prioritised ROs according to the UE’s service, traffic type or application. 1165Prioritised ROs may be only applicable to UEs associated with specific services, traffictypes or application. In an example, prioritised ROs may be only applicable to UEs em-ploying services associated with critical QoS requirements (e.g., low latency requirement,or delay critical requirement).A UE may determine whether to choose and / or utilise for transmission the prioritised ROs 1170according to the UE’s purposes which trigger the RACH procedure. Prioritised ROs maybe only applicable to RACH procedures triggered due to specific reasons, e.g., one or moreof RRC Connection Re-establishment procedure; and / or Handover; and / or SR failure(failure to receive uplink resources based on transmission of a scheduling request and / orBSR); and / or Beam failure recovery; and / or Consistent UL LBT failure on SpCell; and / or 1175Positioning purpose during RRCCONNECTED requiring random access procedure, e.g.,P111150WO01 33 / 91when timing advance is needed for UE positioning; and / or Early UL synchronizationwith an LTM candidate cell; and / or RACH-based LTM cell switch. RACH procedurestriggered due to any above specific reason (which are just examples, but not limited), mayrequire tight latency to complete the RACH procedure. It would be beneficial to be able 1180to choose and / or utilise for transmission the prioritised ROs to speed up the procedure.Alternatively, or additionally,m a UE may determine whether to choose and / or utilise fortransmission the prioritised ROs according to the data volume in its buffer. PrioritisedROs may be applicable to UEs whose data volume in the buffer is above a threshold.Alternatively, or additionally, a UE may determine whether to choose and / or utilise 1185for transmission the prioritised ROs according to its achieved / experienced RACH per-formance, e.g., based on transmission power and / or BLER and / or signaling strengthor quality of received signalling, e.g., SSB or synchronisation signalling. The UE maychoose and / or utilise for transmission the prioritised ROs when a number of RACH at-tempts / (re)transmissions that the UE has performed in the current RACH procedure is 1190above a threshold, e.g., without the UE having not received any (positive) response fromthe gNB. It may be considered that the UE may choose and / or utilise for transmissionthe prioritised ROs if or when the latency the UE has been experiencing in the currentRACH procedure is above a threshold, e.g., without the UE having received any (positive)response from the gNB. In an example, the UE may choose and / or utilise for transmission 1195the prioritised ROs for retransmissions of PRACH preambles (e.g., not for first transmis-sions). In other words, the UE may have experienced transmission failure / s for one ormultiple initial transmissions of PRACH preambles.Alternatively, or additionally, the (selection) indication may indicate a RO escalationorder. The RO escalation order may be indicated in the indication. That is, the UE may 1200be provided with an indication or instruction about subsequent PRACH attempts uponan unsuccessful (e.g., initial, or a configured or indicated number or re-transmissions)transmission attempt of PRACH preamble,. For example, a UE that is first transmittinga PRACH preamble in a first or legacy RO may, upon failure of receive a RAR (or noreceiving any RAR from the gNB corresponding to the transmitted PRACH preamble, 1205when a timer (ra-ResponseWindow) is expired), attempt to continue to use first or legacyROs with a higher transmit power, or it may use an SBFD RO. In the latter case, onlyupon failure to receive a RAR (or no receiving any RAR from the gNB correspondingto the transmitted PRACH preamble, when a timer (ra-ResponseWindow) is expired)for both PRACH preamble transmission does it return to the first or legacy RO with an 1210increased power.The UE may determine to choose and / or utilise for transmission the SBFD ROs (or priori-P111150WO01 34 / 91tised ROs) (e.g., only) when the UE has transmitted a given number of preamble transmis-sions using the first or legacy ROs (e.g., PREAMBLE TRANSMISSION COUNTERis higher than a threshold), e.g., while the UE has not received any (positive) response 1215from the gNB. The UE may determine to choose and / or utilise for transmission the sec-ond or SBFD ROs (or prioritised ROs) when or only when the UE has performed a givennumber of power ramping steps using the first or legacy ROs (e.g.,PREAMBLE POWER RAMPING COUNTER is higher than a threshold), e.g., whilethe UE has not received any (positive) response from the gNB. 1220The UE may determine to choose and / or utilise for transmission the second SBFD RO / s(or prioritised RO / s) when or only when the UE has performed a given number ofbeam / SSB switch procedures using the first or legacy ROs (e.g., the counter of the beamswitches is higher than a threshold), e.g., while the UE has not received any (positive)response from the gNB. 1225Alternatively, or additionally, the (selection) indication may indicate RO repetition. Theindication may be, and / or comprise, an indication about PRACH repetition management.For example, the indication may indicate that ROs may be separately repeated in firstor legacy ROs and second or SBFD ROs, respectively (e.g., repetitions may be countedand / or performed on the same type of ROs). It may indicate that repetitions may be 1230performed over both first or legacy ROs and second or SBFD ROs (e.g., any retransmissionon any RO may be counted). The UE may perform repetitions (retransmit RA signalling)over either first or legacy ROs or / and second or SBFD ROs using the same beam / SSB(in a beam pair). In an example, repetitions over either first or legacy ROs or / and secondor SBFD ROs may use the same beam / SSB (in a beam pair). 1235The (selection) indication may represent and / or comprise a second RO or SBFD ROvalidity bitmap. The indicator or indication pertaining to the PRACH configuration maybe a bitmap, which may indicate the validation of ROs in time, or frequency, or time andfrequency resources of the PRACH configuration (e.g., second RA configuration). Thebitmap may indicate whether second or SBFD ROs in specific symbols or OFDM symbols, 1240slots or subframes or transmission timing structures are (potentially) valid. The lengthof the bitmap may be equal to the number of subframes or slots in a radio frame (e.g., 10subframes); each bit in the bitmap may correspond to a subframe or slot or transmissiontiming structure in the time order. A bit in the bitmap may indicate SBFD ROs are(potentially) valid or NOT valid in the corresponding subframe or slot in the specified 1245radio frame, and / or in the corresponding transmission timing structure. The bitmap mayrelate to the subframes as indicated by a PRACH configuration index. Figure 11 presentsan example of PRACH configuration index 118, in which the subframes 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 areP111150WO01 35 / 91valid subframes according to the configuration index. However, the bitmap may indicatethat only a subset of the included subframes in the configuration should be validated. For 1250example, in the figure, only the three first subframes are validated, such that only thosemay contain potentially valid ROs (e.g., of the second RA configuration and / or secondROs).The (selection) indication or indicator in or pertaining to the PRACH configuration (e.g.,second RA configuration) may represent or be represented by and / or comprise a list of 1255starting-slots and / or -symbols and / or ending-slots and / or symbols indicating symbols inwhich SBFD ROs are valid. For example, in the case of one entry in the list, if the startingslot is 1 and the starting symbol is 5 and the ending slot is 3 and ending symbol is 12, ROsare (potentially) valid in symbols 5-13 in slot 1, all symbols in slot 2, and symbol 0-12 inslot 3. Alternatively, instead of indicating ending slots and symbols a length relative to 1260the starting slot and symbol can be indicated.Alternatively, or additionally, the selection indication may pertain to SBFD power control.For example, the indication may include an indication about SBFD PRACH preamblepower control (transmission power of the RA signalling on a second RO). The indicationmay, e.g., indicate whether the same or a different power control for the SBFD PRACH 1265compared to power control for first or legacy PRACH (PRACH on first ROs) should beused. Alternatively, or additionally, it may indicate a deviation in SBFD PRACH powercontrol from the legacy PRACH power control. For example, the indication may indicatethat a 3 dB higher power setting should be used for second or SBFD RPACH comparedto what is determined for first or legacy PRACH. 1270The (selection) indication in general may be considered to be a and / or represent a jointlyencoded indication. The indication may comprise, and / or represent, an implicit or explicitjoint encoding of multiple aforementioned indications and / or functionalities. Absence ofthe indication in or pertaining to a PRACH configuration (e.g., second RA configuration)may indicate SBFD ROs not being supported and / or available. The presence (e.g., re- 1275ception by the WD and / or inclusion) of the indication comprising an RO prioritisationindicator or indication may indicate second or SBFD ROs being supported and / or avail-able with the indicated prioritisation. An all-zero bitmap in the PRACH configurationmay implicitly indicates second or SBFD ROs are not supported or available.A first RO may also be referred to as legacy RO in some cases, a second RO may be referred 1280to as SBFD RO, and analogous for similar or associated terms like RA configurationsand / or PRACH. A RO or RA configuration being potentially valid based on the indicationmay refer to the RO nor RA configuration not being valid if the indication indicates so,e.g., disabling and / or deactivating and / or rendering invalid the RO or RA configuration),P111150WO01 36 / 91and / or being valid if no other validation rule prevents this (activating and / or enabling 1285the RO or RA configuration). An invalid RO may not be available for transmission ofRA signalling. RA signalling may be transmitted on one or more valid ROs. It shouldbe noted that transmission or use of ROs may refer to an individual RO, or to multipleROs. ROs that are not supported or available may be considered invalid.Figure 12 schematically shows a radio node, in particular a wireless device or terminal 10 1290or a UE (User Equipment). Radio node 10 comprises processing circuitry (which may alsobe referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may comprise a controller connected to amemory. Any module of the radio node 10, e.g. a communicating module or determiningmodule, may be implemented in and / or executable by, the processing circuitry 20, inparticular as module in the controller. Radio node 10 also comprises radio circuitry 129522 providing receiving and transmitting or transceiving functionality (e.g., one or moretransmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), the radio circuitry 22 being connectedor connectable to the processing circuitry. An antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10is connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or send and / or amplifysignals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controlling it are configured 1300for cellular communication with a network, e.g. a RAN as described herein, and / or forsidelink communication (which may be within coverage of the cellular network, or outof coverage; and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or be associatedto a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 may generally beadapted to carry out any of the methods of operating a radio node like terminal or UE 1305disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules, e.g. software modules. It may be considered that the radionode 10 comprises, and / or is connected or connectable, to a power supply. A DFE may beconsidered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associated to radio circuitryand / or antenna circuitry. 1310Figure 13 schematically shows a radio node 100, which may in particular be implementedas a network node 100, for example an eNB or gNB or similar for NR. Radio node 100comprises processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120,which may comprise a controller connected to a memory. Any module, e.g. transmittingmodule and / or receiving module and / or configuring module of the node 100 may be im- 1315plemented in and / or executable by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver andtransmitter and / or transceiver functionality (e.g., comprising one or more transmittersand / or receivers and / or transceivers). An antenna circuitry 124 may be connected or con-nectable to radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmittance and / or amplification. 1320Node 100 may be adapted to carry out any of the methods for operating a radio nodeP111150WO01 37 / 91or network node disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry,e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules. The antenna circuitry 124 may be connectedto and / or comprise an antenna array. The node 100, respectively its circuitry, may beadapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or a radio node as 1325described herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules. The radio node 100 may generally comprise communicationcircuitry, e.g. for communication with another network node, like a radio node, and / orwith a core network and / or an internet or local net, in particular with an information sys-tem, which may provide information and / or data to be transmitted to a user equipment. 1330A DFE may be considered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associatedto radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry.In general, the wireless device and / or network node may operate in, and / or the commu-nication signalling may be in TDD operation. It should be noted that the transmissionof signalling from transmission sources may be synchronised and simultaneous; a shift in 1335time may occur due to different propagation times, e.g. due to different beams and / orsource locations.A data block may refer to a transport block, or a code block or a code block bundle. Acode block may comprise and / or represent a number of (information) bits representinginformation (e.g., data or control information), to which there may be associated, and / or 1340which may further include, bits for error detection coding, e.g. CRC. The bits for errordetection coding may be determined based on the (information) bits, and / or may be errordetection bits for the (information) bits. A code block bundle may comprise one or morecode blocks; wherein each code block may have associated to it, and / or comprise, errorcorrection bits. The error correction bits in a code block bundle may each pertain to an 1345associated code block; error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, e.g.determined based on bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or groups of bitsmay be associated to different code blocks. Error correction bit / s associated to a codeblock may be associated to a single code block; this may refer to the error correction bitsindicating correctness / incorrectness of the single code block, and / or calculated and / or 1350determined based only on (information) bits of the single code block. Information bitsmay represent data and / or control information, e.g. associated to a data channel (data in-formation / bits) and / or control channel (control information / bits) code block bundle maybe a data block without error correction coding pertaining to more than one code block.A transport block may comprise error detection coding pertaining to a plurality of code 1355blocks, e.g. covering the code blocks it consists of. A transport block may comprise oneor more code blocks. It may be considered that a data block may be associated to, andor subject to, and / or correspond to, a, one and / or a single acknowledgement process, e.g.P111150WO01 38 / 91a specific HARQ process, which may correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQidentifier. A code block may correspond to a subpattern of an acknowledgement informa- 1360tion bit pattern. In some cases, a data block may correspond and / or pertain and / or besubject to a plurality of acknowledgement processes, e.g. if there is one acknowledgementprocess per code block of the data block.A data block may comprise and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits(e.,g., user data) and / or control information bits; the information bits may be associated 1365to one or more data or control channels, e.g. transport channels and / or logical channels,and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel, in particular a physicaldata channel, or in some cases, a physical control channel (in which case it may or maynot be associated to a higher layer channel like a transport channel or logical channel). Adata block may represent bits intended for transmission, e.g. encapsulating one or more 1370higher layer data packets, e.g. one or more MAC layer data packets, e.g. one or morePDUs (Protocol Data Unit) and / or SDUs (Service Data Unit); error correction bits, e.g.CRC; may be added in physical layer processing. It may be considered that bits of adata block are subject to physical layer processing like coding (e.g., forward error codingand / or adding error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling, and / or 1375modulation. Modulation may correspond to mapping of bits of the processed data blockto modulation symbols, e.g. according to a modulation scheme and / or to a modulationspace. The modulation symbols may be represented as a bit sequence until they aresubject to analog conversion (or vice versa for reception).A wireless device may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in 1380particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for performing measurementand / or to control beam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or trans-mit signalling like communication signalling. The wireless device may in particular beimplemented as terminal or a user equipment. However, in some cases, e.g. relay and / orback-link and / or IAB scenarios, it may be implemented as network node or network radio 1385node. A network node may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry,in particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for transmitting referencesignalling and / or a beam switch indication and / or for beam switching and / or to controlbeam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or transmit signalling likecommunication signalling. The radio node may in particular be implemented as a network 1390node, e.g. a network radio node and / or base station or a relay node or IAB node. How-ever, in some cases, e.g. sidelink scenarios, the second radio node may be implementedas a wireless device or terminal, e.g. a user equipment.Performing a measurement may in general comprise taking a plurality of measurementP111150WO01 39 / 91samples. As such, performing a measurement and performing measurements may be 1395considered equivalent, unless explicitly explained otherwise (e.g., when referring to mea-surement at a specific occasion as opposed to measurements at a plurality of occasions).Monitoring for a message or signalling may in general comprise utilising receiving circuitryat resources corresponding to the resource monitored (e.g., time and / or frequency domain,accomodating for path delay effects if applicable) to determine presence or absence of the 1400message, and / or to receive and / or demodulate and / or decode the message, and / or toperform measurements on the signalling.In general, an allocation unit or block symbol may represent and / or correspond to an ex-tension in time domain, e.g. a time interval. An allocation unit or block symbol duration(the length of the time interval) may correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol or 1405a corresponding duration, and / or may be based and / or defined by a subcarrier spacingused (e.g., based on the numerology) or equivalent, and / or may correspond to the dura-tion of a modulation symbol (e.g., for OFDM or similar frequency domain multiplexedtypes of signalling). It may be considered that a block symbol comprises a plurality ofmodulation symbols, e.g. based on a subcarrier spacing and / or numerology or equivalent, 1410in particular for time domain multiplexed types (on the symbol level for a single trans-mitter) of signalling like single-carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (inparticular, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulse-shaped SC-FDMA). The number of symbols may bebased on and / or defined by the number of subcarrier to be DFTS-spread (for SC-FDMA)and / or be based on a number of FFT samples, e.g. for spreading and / or mapping, and / or 1415equivalent, and / or may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A block symbolin this context may comprise and / or contain a plurality of individual modulation sym-bols, which may be for example 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. Thenumber of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based and / or be dependent ona bandwidth scheduled for transmission of signalling in the block symbol. A block symbol 1420and / or a number of block symbols (an integer smaller than 20, e.g. equal to or smallerthan 14 or 7 or 4 or 2 or a flexible number) may be a unit (e.g., allocation unit) usedfor scheduling and / or allocation of resources, in particular in time domain. To a blocksymbol (e.g., scheduled or allocated) and / or block symbol group and / or allocation unit,there may be associated a frequency range and / or frequency domain allocation and / or 1425bandwidth allocated for transmission.An allocation unit, and / or a block symbol, may be associated to a specific (e.g., physical)channel and / or specific type of signalling, for example reference signalling. In some cases,there may be a block symbol associated to a channel that also is associated to a formof reference signalling and / or pilot signalling and / or tracking signalling associated to the 1430P111150WO01 40 / 91channel, for example for timing purposes and / or decoding purposes (such signalling maycomprise a low number of modulation symbols and / or resource elements of a block symbol,e.g. less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1% of the modulation symbols and / orresource elements in a block symbol). To a block symbol, there may be associated resourceelements; a resource element may be represented in time / frequency domain, e.g. by the 1435smallest frequency unit carrying or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier) in frequency domainand the duration of a modulation symbol in time domain. A block symbol may comprise,and / or to a block symbol may be associated, a structure allowing and / or comprisinga number of modulation symbols, and / or association to one or more channels (and / orthe structure may dependent on the channel the block symbol is associated to and / or 1440is allocated or used for), and / or reference signalling (e.g., as discussed above), and / orone or more guard periods and / or transient periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g.,a prefix and / or suffix and / or one or more infixes (entered inside the block symbol)),in particular a cyclic prefix and / or suffix and / or infix. A cyclic affix may representa repetition of signalling and / or modulation symbol / s used in the block symbol, with 1445possible slight amendments to the signalling structure of the affix to provide a smoothand / or continuous and / or differentiable connection between affix signalling and signallingof modulation symbols associated to the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / orreference signalling structure). In some cases, in particular some OFDM-based wave-forms, an affix may be included into a modulation symbol. In other cases, e.g. some 1450single carrier-based wave-forms, an affix may be represented by a sequence of modulationsymbols within the block symbol. It may be considered that in some cases a block symbolis defined and / or used in the context of the associated structure.Communicating may comprise transmitting or receiving. It may be considered that com-municating like transmitting signalling is based on a SC-FDM based wave-form, and / or 1455corresponds to a Frequency Domain Filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM wave-form. However,the approaches may be applied to a Single Carrier based wave-form, e.g. a SC-FDM orSC-FDE-wave-form, which may be pulse-shaped / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC-FDM may be considered DFT-spread OFDM, such that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM maybe used interchangeably. Alternatively, or additionally, the signalling (e.g., first signalling 1460and / or second signalling) and / or beam / s (in particular, the first received beam and / orsecond received beam) may be based on a wave-form with CP or comparable guard time.The received beam and the transmission beam of the first beam pair may have the same(or similar) or different angular and / or spatial extensions; the received beam and thetransmission beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different 1465angular and / or spatial extensions. It may be considered that the received beam and / ortransmission beam of the first and / or second beam pair have angular extension of 20 de-P111150WO01 41 / 91grees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less, at least in one of horizontal orvertical direction, or both; different beams may have different angular extensions. An ex-tended guard interval or switching protection interval may have a duration corresponding 1470to essentially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent duration, whereinN may be 2, or 3 or 4. An equivalent to a CP duration may represent the CP durationassociated to signalling with CP (e.g., SC-FDM-based or OFDM-based) for a wave-formwithout CP with the same or similar symbol time duration as the signalling with CP.Pulse-shaping (and / or performing FDF for) a modulation symbol and / or signalling, e.g. 1475associated to a first subcarrier or bandwidth, may comprise mapping the modulationsymbol (and / or the sample associated to it after FFT) to an associated second subcar-rier or part of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation regarding the powerand / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbol on the first subcarrier and thesecond subcarrier, wherein the shaping operation may be according to a shaping function. 1480Pulse-shaping signalling may comprise pulse-shaping one or more symbols; pulse-shapedsignalling may in general comprise at least one pulse-shaped symbol. Pulse-shaping maybe performed based on a Nyquist-filter. It may be considered that pulse-shaping is per-formed based on periodically extending a frequency distribution of modulation symbols(and / or associated samples after FFT) over a first number of subcarrier to a larger, second 1485number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end ofthe frequency distribution is appended at the other end of the first number of subcarriers.In some variants, communicating may be based on a numerology (which may, e.g., berepresented by and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or symboltime length) and / or an SC-FDM based wave-form (including a FDF-DFTS-FDM based 1490wave-form) or a single-carrier based wave-form. Whether to use pulse-shaping or FDF ona SC-FDM or SC-based wave-form may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., MCS)used. Such wave-forms may utilise a cyclic prefix and / or benefit particularly from thedescribed approaches. Communicating may comprise and / or be based on beamforming,e.g. transmission beamforming and / or reception beamforming, respectively. It may be 1495considered that a beam is produced by performing analog beamforming to provide thebeam, e.g. a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Thus, signalling may be adapted,e.g. based on movement of the communication partner. A beam may for example be pro-duced by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a referencebeam. This allows efficient postprocessing of a digitally formed beam, without requiring 1500changes to a digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to a standarddefining beam forming precoders. In general, a beam may be produced by hybrid beam-forming, and / or by digital beamforming, e.g. based on a precoder. This facilitates easyprocessing of beams, and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADC / DCA requiredP111150WO01 42 / 91for antenna arrangements. It may be considered that a beam is produced by hybrid 1505beamforming, e.g. by analog beamforming performed on a beam representation or beamformed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell search may bebased on reception beamforming, e.g. analog or digital or hybrid reception beamforming.The numerology may determine the length of a symbol time interval and / or the durationof a cyclic prefix. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable to SC-FDM, 1510to ensure orthogonality, in particular subcarrier orthogonality, in corresponding systems,but may be used for other wave-forms. Communicating may comprise utilising a wave-form with cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may be based on a numerology, and may helpkeeping signalling orthogonal. Communicating may comprise, and / or be based on per-forming cell search, e.g. for a wireless device or terminal, or may comprise transmitting 1515cell identifying signalling and / or a selection indication, based on which a radio node re-ceiving the selection indication may select a signalling bandwidth from a set of signallingbandwidths for performing cell search.A beam or beam pair may in general be targeted at one radio node, or a group of radionodes and / or an area including one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beam 1520pair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that only one radio node is servedper beam / beam pair. A beam pair switch or switch of received beam (e.g., by using adifferent reception beam) and / or transmission beam may be performed at a border of atransmission timing structure, e.g. a slot border, or within a slot, for example betweensymbols. Some tuning of radio circuitry, e.g. for receiving and / or transmitting, may be 1525performed. Beam pair switching may comprise switching from a second received beamto a first received beam, and / or from a second transmission beam to a first transmissionbeam. Switching may comprise inserting a guard period to cover retuning time; however,circuitry may be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly to essentially be instantaneous;this may in particular be the case when digital reception beamforming is used to switch 1530reception beams for switching received beams.A reference beam (or reference signalling beam) may be a beam comprising referencesignalling, based on which for example a of beam signalling characteristics may be deter-mined, e.g. measured and / or estimated. A signalling beam may comprise signalling likecontrol signalling and / or data signalling and / or reference signalling. A reference beam 1535may be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or morebeam signalling characteristics may be reported to it from a receiver, e.g. a wireless de-vice. However, in some cases it may be received by the radio node from another radionode or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signalling characteristics maybe determined by the radio node. A signalling beam may be a transmission beam, or a 1540reception beam. A set of signalling characteristics may comprise a plurality of subsetsP111150WO01 43 / 91of beam signalling characteristics, each subset pertaining to a different reference beam.Thus, a reference beam may be associated to different beam signalling characteristics.A beam signalling characteristic, respectively a set of such characteristics, may representand / or indicate a signal strength and / or signal quality of a beam and / or a delay charac- 1545teristic and / or be associated with received and / or measured signalling carried on a beam.Beam signalling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may in particular pertain to,and / or indicate, a number and / or list and / or order of beams with best (e.g., lowest meandelay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or of strongest and / orbest quality beams, e.g. with associated delay spread. A beam signalling characteristic 1550may be based on measurement / s performed on reference signalling carried on the refer-ence beam it pertains to. The measurement / s may be performed by the radio node, oranother node or wireless device. The use of reference signalling allows improved accuracyand / or gauging of the measurements. In some cases, a beam and / or beam pair may berepresented by a beam identity indication, e.g. a beam or beam pair number. Such an in- 1555dication may be represented by one or more signalling sequences (e.g., a specific referencesignalling sequences or sequences), which may be transmitted on the beam and / or beampair, and / or a signalling characteristic and / or a resource / s used (e.g., time / frequencyand / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., used for scrambling a CRC for some messagesor transmissions) and / or by information provided in signalling, e.g. control signalling 1560and / or system signalling, on the beam and / or beam pair, e.g. encoded and / or providedin an information field or as information element in some form of message of signalling,e.g. DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signalling.A reference beam may in general be one of a set of reference beams, the second set ofreference beams being associated to the set of signalling beams. The sets being associated 1565may refer to at least one beam of the first set being associated and / or corresponding to thesecond set (or vice versa), e.g. being based on it, for example by having the same analogor digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analogbeamforming, and / or being a modified form thereof, e.g. by performing additional analogbeamforming. The set of signalling beams may be referred to as a first set of beams, a 1570set of corresponding reference beams may be referred to as second set of beams.In some variants, a reference beam and / or reference beams and / or reference signalling maycorrespond to and / or carry random access signalling, e.g. a random access preamble. Sucha reference beam or signalling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signallingmay indicate which beam is used for transmitting. Alternatively, the reference beams may 1575be beams receiving the random access signalling. Random access signalling may be usedfor initial connection to the radio node and / or a cell provided by the radio node, and / or forP111150WO01 44 / 91reconnection. Utilising random access signalling facilitates quick and early beam selection.The random access signalling may be on a random access channel, e.g. based on broadcastinformation provided by the radio node (the radio node performing the beam selection), 1580e.g. with synchronisation signalling (e.g., SSB block and / or associated thereto). Thereference signalling may correspond to synchronisation signalling, e.g. transmitted by theradio node in a plurality of beams. The characteristics may be reported on by a nodereceiving the synchronisation signalling, e.g. in a random access process, e.g. a Msg3for contention resolution, which may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel 1585based on a resource allocation provided by the radio node.A delay characteristic (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or ameasurement report may represent and / or indicate at least one of mean delay, and / ordelay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delayspread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / or 1590impulse response to received signalling, and / or the power delay profile of the receivedsignals, and / or power delay profile related parameters of the received signal. A meandelay may represent the mean value and / or an averaged value of the delay spread, whichmay be weighted or unweighted. A distribution may be distribution over time / delay, e.g.of received power and / or energy of a signal. A range may indicate an interval of the delay 1595spread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of thedelay spread respective received energy or power, e.g. 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% ormore, or 100%. A relative delay spread may indicate a relation to a threshold delay, e.g.of the mean delay, and / or a shift relative to an expected and / or configured timing, e.g. atiming at which the signalling would have been expected based on the scheduling, and / or 1600a relation to a cyclic prefix duration (which may be considered on form of a threshold).Energy distribution or power distribution may pertain to the energy or power received overthe time interval of the delay spread. A power delay profile may pertain to representationsof the received signals, or the received signals energy / power, across time / delay. Powerdelay profile related parameters may pertain to metrics computed from the power delay 1605profile. Different values and forms of delay spread information and / or report may beused, allowing a wide range of capabilities. The kind of information represented by ameasurement report may be predefined, or be configured or configurable, e.g. with ameasurement configuration and / or reference signalling configuration, in particular withhigher layer signalling like RRC or MAC signalling and / or physical layer signalling like 1610DCI signalling.In general, different beam pair may differ in at least one beam; for example, a beampair using a first received beam and a first transmission beam may be considered to bedifferent from a second beam pair using the first received beam and a second transmissionP111150WO01 45 / 91beam. A transmission beam using no precoding and / or beamforming, for example using 1615the natural antenna profile, may be considered as a special form of transmission beam ofa transmission beam pair. A beam may be indicated to a radio node by a transmitterwith a beam indication and / or a configuration, which for example may indicate beamparameters and / or time / frequency resources associated to the beam and / or a transmissionmode and / or antenna profile and / or antenna port and / or precoder associated to the 1620beam. Different beams may be provided with different content, for example differentreceived beams may carry different signalling; however, there may be considered casesin which different beams carry the same signalling, for example the same data signallingand / or reference signalling. The beams may be transmitted by the same node and / ortransmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmission 1625points and / or antenna arrangements.Communicating utilising a beam pair or a beam may comprise receiving signalling on areceived beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair), and / or transmitting signalling ona beam, e.g. a beam of a beam pair. The following terms are to be interpreted fromthe point of view of the referred radio node: a received beam may be a beam carrying 1630signalling received by the radio node (for reception, the radio node may use a receptionbeam, e.g. directed to the received beam, or be non-beamformed). A transmission beammay be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signalling. A beam pair may consistof a received beam and a transmission beam. The transmission beam and the receivedbeam of a beam pair may be associated to each and / or correspond to each other, e.g. 1635such that signalling on the received beam and signalling on a transmission beam travelessentially the same path (but in opposite directions), e.g. at least in a stationary oralmost stationary condition. It should be noted that the terms “first” and “second”do not necessarily denote an order in time; a second signalling may be received and / ortransmitted before, or in some cases simultaneous to, first signalling, or vice versa. The 1640received beam and transmission beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier orfrequency range or bandwidth part, e.g. in a TDD operation; however, variants withFDD may be considered as well. Different beam pairs may operate on the same frequencyranges or carriers or bandwidth parts (e.g., such that transmission beams operate onthe same frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part, and received beams on the same 1645frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part (the transmission beam and received beamsmay be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating utilizing afirst beam pair and / or first beam may be based on, and / or comprise, switching from thesecond beam pair or second beam to the first beam pair or first beam for communicating.The switching may be controlled by the network, for example a network node (which may 1650be the source or transmitter of the received beam of the first beam pair and / or secondP111150WO01 46 / 91beam pair, or be associated thereto, for example associated transmission points or nodesin dual connectivity). Such controlling may comprise transmitting control signalling, e.g.physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling. In some cases, the switching maybe performed by the radio node without additional control signalling, for example based 1655on measurements on signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (e.g., of first andsecond received beams), in particular the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair.For example, it may be switched to the first beam pair (or first beam) if the signal qualityor signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or second beam) is considered tobe insufficient, and / or worse than corresponding measurements on the first beam pair 1660indicate. Measurements performed on a beam pair (or beam) may in particular comprisemeasurements performed on a received beam of the beam pair. It may be considered thatthe timing indication may be determined before switching from the second beam pair tothe first beam pair for communicating. Thus, the synchronization may be in place and / orthe timing indication may be available for synchronising) when starting communication 1665utilizing the first beam pair or first beam. However, in some cases the timing indicationmay be determined after switching to the first beam pair or first beam. This may bein particular useful if first signalling is expected to be received after the switching only,for example based on a periodicity or scheduled timing of suitable reference signallingon the first beam pair, e.g. first received beam. In general, a reception beam of a node 1670may be associated to and / or correspond to a transmission beam of the node, e.g. suchthat the (spatial) angle of reception of the reception beam and the (spatial) angle oftransmission of the transmission beam at least partially, or essentially or fully, overlapand / or coincide, in particular for TDD operation and / or independent of frequency. Spatialcorrespondence between beams may be considered in some cases, e.g. such that a beam 1675pair (e.g., transmission beam of a transmitting node and reception beam of a receivingnode) may be considered to comprise corresponding beams (e.g., the reception beam issuitable and / or the best beam to receive transmissions on the transmission beam, e.g.based on a threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurements); to eachof such beams, there may be an associated or corresponding complementary beam of the 1680respective node (e.g., to a transmission beam of a beam pair, there may be associated areception beam of the transmitting node, and / or to the reception beam of a beam pair,there may be associated a transmitting beam of the receiving node; if the beams (e.g.,at least essentially or substantially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angle), in some cases a beampair may be considered to indicate four beams (or actually, two beam pairs). 1685In some cases, to one or more beams or signals or signallings may be associated a Quasi-CoLocation (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics, or QCL class (also referred toas QCL type) or QCL identity; beams or signal or signallings sharing such may be con-P111150WO01 47 / 91sidered to be Quasi-Colocated. Quasi-Colocated beams or signals or signallings may beconsidered (e.g., by a receiver) as the same beam or originating from the same transmit- 1690ter or transmission source, at least in regard to the QCL characteristic or set or class oridentity, and / or to share the characteristic / s. QCL characteristics may pertain to prop-agation of signalling, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or pathloss, and / orsignal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam direction, and / or beam shape (inparticular, angle or area, e.g. area of coverage), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Doppler 1695spread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronisation, and / or frequency synchroni-sation, and / or one or more other parameters, e.g. pertaining to a propagation channeland / or spatial RX parameter / s (which may refer to reception beam and / or transmissionbeam, e.g. shape or coverage or direction). A QCL characteristic may pertain to a spe-cific channel (e.g., physical layer channel like a control channel or data channel) and / or 1700reference signalling type and / or antenna port. Different QCL classes or types may per-tain to different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL class may defineand / or pertain to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or moreQCL characteristics beams have to fulfill to be considered Quasi-Colocated according tothis class; a QCL identity may refer to and / or represent all beams being quasi-colocated, 1705according to a QCL class. Different classes may pertain to one or more of the samecharacteristics (e.g., different classes may have different criteria and / or thresholds and / orranges for one or more characteristics) and / or to different characteristics. A QCL indi-cation may be seen as a form of beam indication, e.g. pertaining to all beams belongingto one QCL class and / or QCL identity and / or quasi-colocated beams. A QCL identity 1710may be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, a beam, and / or a beam indication,may be considered to refer and / or represent a to a QCL identity, and / or to representquasi-colocated beams or signals or signallings.Transmission on multiple layers (multi-layer transmission) may refer to transmission ofcommunication signalling and / or reference signalling simultaneously in one or more beams 1715and / or using a plurality of transmission sources, e.g. controlled by one network nodeor one wireless device. The layers may refer to layers of transmission; a layer may beconsidered to represent one data or signalling stream. Different layers may carry differentdata and / or data streams, e.g., to increase data throughput. In some cases, the samedata or data stream may be transported on different layers, e.g. to increase reliability. 1720Multi-layer transmission may provide diversity, e.g. transmission diversity and / or spatialdiversity. It may be considered that multi-layer transmission comprises 2, or more than2 layers; the number of layers of transmission may be represented by a rank or rankindication.A transmission source may in particular comprise, and / or be represented by, and / or 1725P111150WO01 48 / 91associated to, an antenna or group of antenna elements or antenna sub-array or antennaarray or transmission point or TRP or TP (Transmission Point) or access point. In somecases, a transmission source may be represented or representable, and / or correspondto, and / or associated to, an antenna port or layer of transmission, e.g. for multi-layertransmission. Different transmission sources may in particular comprise different and / or 1730separately controllable antenna element / s or (sub-)arrays and / or be associated to differentantenna ports. In particular, analog beamforming may be used, with separate analogcontrol of the different transmission sources. An antenna port may indicate a transmissionsource, and / or a one or more transmission parameter, in particular of reference signallingassociated to the antenna port. In particular, transmission parameters pertaining to, 1735and / or indicating a frequency domain distribution or mapping (e.g., which comb to useand / or which subcarrier or frequency offset to use, or similar) of modulation symbols ofthe reference signalling, and / or to which cyclic shift to use (e.g., to shift elements of amodulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derived fromthe root sequence) and / or to which cover code to use (e.g., (e.g., to shift elements of 1740a modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derivedfrom the root sequence). In some cases, a transmission source may represent a target forreception, e.g. if it is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point).In some variants, reference signalling may be and / or comprise CSI-RS and / or PT-RSand / or DMRS, e.g. transmitted by the network node. In other variants, the reference 1745signalling may be transmitted by a UE, e.g. to a network node or other UE, in whichcase it may comprise and / or be Sounding Reference signalling. Other, e.g. new, formsof reference signalling may be considered and / or used. In general, a modulation symbolof reference signalling respectively a resource element carrying it may be associated to acyclic prefix. 1750Data signalling may be on a data channel, for example on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on adedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / or high reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel.Control signalling may be on a control channel, for example on a common control channelor a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise one or more DCI messages or SCI messages.Reference signalling may be associated to control signalling and / or data signalling, e.g. 1755DM-RS and / or PT-RS.Reference signalling, for example, may comprise DM-RS and / or pilot signalling and / ordiscovery signalling and / or synchronisation signalling and / or sounding signalling and / orphase tracking signalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific sig-nalling, in particular CSI-RS. Reference signalling in general may be signalling with one 1760or more signalling characteristics, in particular transmission power and / or sequence ofP111150WO01 49 / 91modulation symbols and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to thereceiver. Thus, the receiver can use the reference signalling as a reference and / or for train-ing and / or for compensation. The receiver can be informed about the reference signallingby the transmitter, e.g. being configured and / or signalling with control signalling, in par- 1765ticular physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC sig-nalling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, e.g. a network nodeconfiguring a UE to transmit reference signalling. Reference signalling may be signallingcomprising one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signalling maybe adapted for gauging and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions, 1770e.g. channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal ortransmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics (e.g.,signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) of reference signalling areavailable for both transmitter and receiver of the signalling (e.g., due to being prede-fined and / or configured or configurable and / or being communicated). Different types of 1775reference signalling may be considered, e.g. pertaining to uplink, downlink or sidelink,cell-specific (in particular, cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user specific (addressed toa specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS)and / or signal strength related, e.g. power-related or energy-related or amplitude-related(e.g., SRS or pilot signalling) and / or phase-related, etc. 1780References to specific resource structures like an allocation unit and / or block symboland / or block symbol group and / or transmission timing structure and / or symbol and / orslot and / or mini-slot and / or subcarrier and / or carrier may pertain to a specific numerol-ogy, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A transmission timingstructure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or more symbols. Some 1785examples of a transmission timing structure are transmission time interval (TTI), sub-frame, slot and mini-slot. A slot may comprise a predetermined, e.g. predefined and / orconfigured or configurable, number of symbols, e.g. 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slot maycomprise a number of symbols (which may in particular be configurable or configured)smaller than the number of symbols of a slot, in particular 1, 2, 3 or 4, or more symbols, 1790e.g. less symbols than symbols in a slot. A transmission timing structure may cover atime interval of a specific length, which may be dependent on symbol time length and / orcyclic prefix used. A transmission timing structure may pertain to, and / or cover, a specifictime interval in a time stream, e.g. synchronized for communication. Timing structuresused and / or scheduled for transmission, e.g. slot and / or mini-slots, may be scheduled in 1795relation to, and / or synchronized to, a timing structure provided and / or defined by othertransmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures may define a timinggrid, e.g., with symbol time intervals within individual structures representing the small-P111150WO01 50 / 91est timing units. Such a timing grid may for example be defined by slots or subframes(wherein in some cases, subframes may be considered specific variants of slots). A trans- 1800mission timing structure may have a duration (length in time) determined based on thedurations of its symbols, possibly in addition to cyclic prefix / es used. The symbols of atransmission timing structure may have the same duration, or may in some variants havedifferent duration. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure may bepredefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or be dependent on numerology. The 1805timing of a mini-slot may generally be configured or configurable, in particular by thenetwork and / or a network node. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end atany symbol of the transmission timing structure, in particular one or more slots.A transmission quality parameter may in general correspond to the number R of retrans-missions and / or number T of total transmissions, and / or coding (e.g., number of coding 1810bits, e.g. for error detection coding and / or error correction coding like FEC coding)and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission powerlevel (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or base power level P0 and / or trans-mission power control command, TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, e.g. SNR and / orSIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density. 1815A signalling sequence or sequence (e.g. of an allocation unit or block symbol or symboltime interval, and / or carried or transmitted on an allocation unit or block symbol orsymbol time interval) may be based on a sequence root, e.g. a root sequence and / or aroot parameter and / or root index and / or seed. A sequence root in general may representor indicate a base for deriving or determining a signalling sequence; the root may be 1820associated to, and / or represent a sequence directly, and / or indicate or represent a basesequence and / or seed. Examples of sequence roots may comprise a Zadoff Chu rootsequence, a sequence seed, e.g. a seed for a Gold sequence, or a Golay complimentarysequence. A signalling sequence may be derived or derivable from, and / or be based on, asequency root, e.g. based on a code, which may represent a shift or operation or processing 1825on the root sequence or a sequence indicated by the sequence root, e.g. to provide thesignalling sequence; the signalling sequence may be based on such shifted or processed oroperated on root sequence. The code may in particular represent a cyclic shift and / orphase shift and / or phase ramp (e.g., an amount for such). The code may assign oneoperation or shift for each allocation unit. 1830In general, a signalling sequence associated to an allocation unit (and / or the allocationunits) associated to control signalling (and / or reference signalling) may be based on aroot sequence which may be a M-sequence or Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a Gold or Golaysequence, or another sequence with suitable characteristics regarding correlation and / orP111150WO01 51 / 91interference (e.g., self-interference and / or interference with other or neighboring transmit- 1835ters). Different sequences may be used as root sequences for different signalling sequences,or the same sequence may be used. If different sequences are used, they may be of thesame type (Gold, Golay, M- or Zadoff-Chu, for example). The (signalling and / or root)sequences may correspond to or be time-domain sequences, e.g. time domain Zadoff-Chuand / or time-domain M sequences. 1840In some cases, a shifted object like a signalling or signals or sequences or informationmay be shifted, e.g. relative to a predecessor (e.g., one is subject to a shift, and theshifted version is used), or relative to another (e.g., one associated to one signalling orallocation unit may be shifted to another associated to a second signalling or allocationunit, both may be used). One possible way of shifting is operating a code on it, e.g. to 1845multiply each element of a shifting object with a factor. A ramping (e.g. multiplying witha monotonously increasing or periodic factor) may be considered an example of shifting.Another is a cyclic shift in a domain or interval. A cyclic shift (or circular shift) maycorrespond to a rearrangement of the elements in the shifting object, corresponding tomoving the final element or elements to the first position, while shifting all other entries 1850to the next position, or by performing the inverse operation (such that the shifted objectas the result will have the same elements as the shifting object, in a shifted but similarorder). Shifting in general may be specific to an interval in a domain, e.g. an allocationunit in time domain, or a bandwidth in frequency domain. For example, it may beconsidered that signals or modulation symbols in an allocation unit are shifted, such that 1855the order of the modulation symbols or signals is shifted in the allocation unit. In anotherexample, allocation units may be shifted, e.g. in a larger time interval - this may leavesignals in the allocation units unshifted with reference to the individual allocation unit,but may change the order of the allocation units. Domains for shifting may for example betime domain and / or phase domain and / or frequency domain. Multiple shifts in the same 1860domain or different domains, and / or the same interval or different intervals (differentlysized intervals, for example) may be performed.Reference signalling may have a type. Types of reference signalling may include synchro-nisation signalling, and / or DM-RS (used to facilitate demodulation of associated datasignalling and / or control signalling), and / or PT-RS (used to facilitate phase tracking of 1865associated data signalling and / or control signalling, e.g. within a time interval or symbolor allocation unit carrying such signalling), and / or CSI-RS (e.g., used for channel estima-tion and / or reporting). It may be considered that PT-RS are inserted into a bit sequence,or a modulation symbol sequence, which may represent data. For example, PT-RS maybe mapped onto subcarriers of a symbol also carrying data symbols. Accordingly, PT-RS 1870insertion may be optimised for hardware implementations. In some cases, PT-RS may beP111150WO01 52 / 91modulated differently and / or independently of the modulation symbols representing data(or data bits).A comb structure, or shorter comb, may indicate a distribution, or periodic arrangementof reference signalling, in particular in frequency space, e.g. between an upper and lower 1875frequency. A comb may pertain to one OFDMA symbol and / or SC-FDMA symbol and / orone (the same) symbol time interval and / or one allocation unit. A comb may have widthor size N and / or may pertain to, and / or be associated to, specific signalling and / or atype of signalling, e.g. a type of reference signalling. The width N may indicate howmany empty subcarriers are between (e.g., non-neighbouring) subcarriers carrying an 1880element or signal or symbol of the signalling (e.g., this number may be N-1), or how manyempty subcarriers and non-empty subcarriers form a pattern that is repeated in frequencydomain. In general, each comb may indicate that at least one empty subcarrier is to bebetween non-empty subcarriers. In this context, empty may refer to empty regardingthe pattern or distribution of the signalling associated to the comb (and non-empty may 1885refer to a subcarrier carrying an element or symbol of the associated signalling); in somecases, other signallings (which may have a comb structure as well) may be carried onempty subcarriers, e.g. transmitted using other transmission sources and / or other devices,and / or mapped into the comb (e.g., for a DMRS comb, data signalling may be mappedon subcarriers not carrying DMRS). 1890A comb structure may generally describe a structure in which for every N-th (N maybe an integer) resource element and / or subcarrier a reference signal or an element of asequence of the reference signalling, and / or representing the reference signalling, and / oron which the reference signalling is based, is mapped to, and / or represented by signallingthe resource element and / or subcarrier, in particular an element (symbol) of a modulation 1895symbol sequence, or an element of a sequence. N may be called the width of the comb.Generally, the comb may indicate the periodicity of the pattern inside the frequency rangeof the reference signalling. The pattern may in particular pertain to one reference signaland / or resource element or subcarrier for transmitting a reference signal, such that thecomb may be considered to indicate that on every Nth resource element (in particular, 1900only there) and / or subcarrier there is to be a reference signal or element of an associatedsequence, and / or how many resource elements and / or subcarriers are between resourceelements and / or subcarriers with reference signals. However, there may be consideredvariants, in which the pattern represents more than one reference signals. The patternmay also generally represent and / or indicate one or more empty signals and / or one or 1905more data signals (respectively associated resource elements and / or subcarriers). For eachcomb or comb structure with a width or size of N, there may be N or f(N) different availableindividual combs. For example, for N=2, there may be two combs shifted in frequencyP111150WO01 53 / 91space by one, or an odd number, of subcarriers or PRBs (e.g., based on a frequencydomain offset, or a subcarrier offset). A comb structure or comb of width or size of N 1910may be indicated as N-comb. Specific combs of this width may be numbered within N.For example, for a 2-comb, there may be a comb 1 (or C1) and a comb 2 (or C2), whichmay be shifted relative to each other, e.g. to dovetail such that all subcarrier covered byboth combs carry signalling (associated to C1 and C2 alternatingly in frequency domain).A comb may comprise two or more, for example at least three or at least four, repetitions 1915of the pattern. The comb may indicate a reference and / or indication, e.g. a resourceelement and / or subcarner, which may be related to the upper and / or lower boundaryin frequency, regarding the arrangement and / or location in frequency of a first pattern,and / or the relative shift of the pattern and / or comb in frequency. Generally, a combstructure may cover at least part, and / or at least the majority, and / or essentially all 1920or all resource elements and / or subcarriers of the plurality of resource elements and / orsubcarriers, and / or the symbol. A comb structure may result from combining two combstructures, which may in particular comb structures with pattern comprising only onereference signal. A comb structure may be determined and / or amended before trans-mission, e.g. based on other reference signalling to be transmitted, e.g. on a different 1925antenna port. In this context, reference signals may be replaced by empty signals to avoidoverlap and / or interference. Generally, if the other reference signalling utilises a combstructure as well, a different / new comb (as a combination of combs) may be considered tobe determined, e.g. with less dense reference signal distribution and / or a different / widerpattern. Alternatively, or additionally, combs may be combined to increase the reference 1930signal density, e.g. by combining combs with different widths, and / or with shifted offsets.Generally, a comb structure may represent and / or comprise and / or be comprised of anyof the combs / comb structures described herein.A buffer state report (or buffer status report, BSR) may comprise information represent-ing the presence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or more 1935buffers, for example provided by higher layers). The size may be indicated explicitly,and / or indexed to range / s of sizes, and / or may pertain to one or more different channel / sand / or acknowledgement processes and / or higher layers and / or channel groups / s, e.g,one or more logical channel / s and / or transport channel / s and / or groups thereof: Thestructure of a BSR may be predefined and / or configurable of configured, e.g. to override 1940and / or amend a predefined structure, for example with higher layer signalling, e.g. RRCsignalling. There may be different forms of BSR with different levels of resolution and / orinformation, e.g. a more detailed long BSR and a less detailed short BSR. A short BSRmay concatenate and / or combine information of a long BSR, e.g. providing sums for dataP111150WO01 54 / 91available for one or more channels and / or or channels groups and / or buffers, which might 1945be represented individually in a long BSR; and / or may index a less-detailed range schemefor data available or buffered. A BSR may be used in lieu of a scheduling request, e.g.by a network node scheduling or allocating (uplink) resources for the transmitting radionode like a wireless device or UE or IAB node.There is generally considered a program product comprising instructions adapted for caus- 1950ing processing and / or control circuitry to carry out and / or control any method describedherein, in particular when executed on the processing and / or control circuitry. Also, thereis considered a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program productas described herein.A carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media. Generally, a 1955carrier medium may be accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by processing orcontrol circuitry. Storing data and / or a program product and / or code may be seenas part of carrying data and / or a program product and / or code. A carrier mediumgenerally may comprise a guiding / transporting medium and / or a storage medium. Aguiding / transporting medium may be adapted to carry and / or carry and / or store signals, 1960in particular electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signalsand / or optical signals. A carrier medium, in particular a guiding / transporting medium,may be adapted to guide such signals to carry them. A carrier medium, in particular aguiding / transporting medium, may comprise the electromagnetic field, e.g. radio wavesor microwaves, and / or optically transmissive material, e.g. glass fiber, and / or cable. A 1965storage medium may comprise at least one of a memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, a cache, an optical disc, magnetic memory, flash memory, etc.A system comprising one or more radio nodes as described herein, in particular a networknode and a user equipment, is described. The system may be a wireless communicationsystem, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network. 1970Moreover, there may be generally considered a method of operating an information sys-tem, the method comprising providing information. Alternatively, or additionally, aninformation system adapted for providing information may be considered. Providing in-formation may comprise providing information for, and / or to, a target system, whichmay comprise and / or be implemented as radio access network and / or a radio node, in 1975particular a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information maycomprise transferring and / or streaming and / or sending and / or passing on the informa-tion, and / or offering the information for such and / or for download, and / or triggering suchproviding, e.g. by triggering a different system or node to stream and / or transfer and / orsend and / or pass on the information. The information system may comprise, and / or be 1980P111150WO01 55 / 91connected or connectable to, a target, for example via one or more intermediate systems,e.g. a core network and / or internet and / or private or local network. Information may beprovided utilising and / or via such intermediate system / s. Providing information may befor radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or utilising a RANor radio node as described herein. Connecting the information system to a target, and / or 1985providing information, may be based on a target indication, and / or adaptive to a targetindication. A target indication may indicate the target, and / or one or more parameters oftransmission pertaining to the target and / or the paths or connections over which the in-formation is provided to the target. Such parameter / s may in particular pertain to the airinterface and / or radio access network and / or radio node and / or network node. Example 1990parameters may indicate for example type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmis-sion capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or latency and / or reliability and / or cost, respectivelyone or more estimates thereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, ordetermined by the information system, e.g. based on information received from the targetand / or historical information, and / or be provided by a user, for example a user operating 1995the target or a device in communication with the target, e.g. via the RAN and / or airinterface. For example, a user may indicate on a user equipment communicating withthe information system that information is to be provided via a RAN, e.g. by selectingfrom a selection provided by the information system, for example on a user applicationor user interface, which may be a web interface. An information system may comprise 2000one or more information nodes. An information node may generally comprise processingcircuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, an information system and / or aninformation node may be implemented as a computer and / or a computer arrangement,e.g. a host computer or host computer arrangement and / or server or server arrangement.In some variants, an interaction server (e.g., web server) of the information system may 2005provide a user interface, and based on user input may trigger transmitting and / or stream-ing information provision to the user (and / or the target) from another server, which maybe connected or connectable to the interaction server and / or be part of the informationsystem or be connected or connectable thereto. The information may be any kind of data,in particular data intended for a user of for use at a terminal, e.g. video data and / or audio 2010data and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or en-vironmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicular data and / orcircumstantial data and / or operational data. The information provided by the informa-tion system may be mapped to, and / or mappable to, and / or be intended for mapping to,communication or data signalling and / or one or more data channels as described herein 2015(which may be signalling or channel / s of an air interface and / or used within a RANand / or for radio transmission). It may be considered that the information is formattedbased on the target indication and / or target, e.g. regarding data amount and / or dataP111150WO01 56 / 91rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which in particular may be pertaining to amapping to communication or data signalling and / or a data channel. Mapping informa- 2020tion to data signalling and / or data channel / s may be considered to refer to using thesignalling / channel / s to carry the data, e.g. on higher layers of communication, with thesignalling / channel / s underlying the transmission. A target indication generally may com-prise different components, which may have different sources, and / or which may indicatedifferent characteristics of the target and / or communication path / s thereto. A format of 2025information may be specifically selected, e.g. from a set of different formats, for informa-tion to be transmitted on an air interface and / or by a RAN as described herein. This maybe particularly pertinent since an air interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / orof predictability, and / or potentially be cost sensitive. The format may be selected to beadapted to the transmission indication, which may in particular indicate that a RAN or 2030radio node as described herein is in the path (which may be the indicated and / or plannedand / or expected path) of information between the target and the information system. A(communication) path of information may represent the interface / s (e.g., air and / or ca-ble interfaces) and / or the intermediate system / s (if any), between the information systemand / or the node providing or transferring the information, and the target, over which the 2035information is, or is to be, passed on. A path may be (at least partly) undeterminedwhen a target indication is provided, and / or the information is provided / transferred bythe information system, e.g. if an internet is involved, which may comprise multiple,dynamically chosen paths. Information and / or a format used for information may bepacket-based, and / or be mapped, and / or be mappable and / or be intended for mapping, 2040to packets. Alternatively, or additionally, there may be considered a method for oper-ating a target device comprising providing a target indicating to an information system.More alternatively, or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target devicebeing adapted for providing a target indication to an information system. In another ap-proach, there may be considered a target indication tool adapted for, and / or comprising 2045an indication module for, providing a target indication to an information system. Thetarget device may generally be a target as described above. A target indication tool maycomprise, and / or be implemented as, software and / or application or app, and / or webinterface or user interface, and / or may comprise one or more modules for implementingactions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or target device may be 2050adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving a user input, based on which atarget indicating may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively, or additionally, thetool and / or target device may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receivinginformation and / or communication signalling carrying information, and / or operating on,and / or presenting (e.g., on a screen and / or as audio or as other form of indication), infor- 2055mation. The information may be based on received information and / or communicationP111150WO01 57 / 91signalling carrying information. Presenting information may comprise processing receivedinformation, e.g. decoding and / or transforming, in particular between different formats,and / or for hardware used for presenting. Operating on information may be independent ofor without presenting, and / or proceed or succeed presenting, and / or may be without user 2060interaction or even user reception, for example for automatic processes, or target deviceswithout (e.g., regular) user interaction like MTC devices, of for automotive or transportor industrial use. The information or communication signalling may be expected and / orreceived based on the target indication. Presenting and / or operating on information maygenerally comprise one or more processing steps, in particular decoding and / or execut- 2065ing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. Operating on information maygenerally comprise relaying and / or transmitting the information, e.g. on an air interface,which may include mapping the information onto signalling (such mapping may generallypertain to one or more layers, e.g. one or more layers of an air interface, e.g. RLC (RadioLink Control) layer and / or MAC layer and / or physical layer / s). The information may be 2070imprinted (or mapped) on communication signalling based on the target indication, whichmay make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device like a networknode or in particular a UE or terminal). The tool may generally be adapted for use on atarget device, like a UE or terminal. Generally, the tool may provide multiple function-alities, e.g. for providing and / or selecting the target indication, and / or presenting, e.g. 2075video and / or audio, and / or operating on and / or storing received information. Providinga target indication may comprise transmitting or transferring the indication as signalling,and / or carried on signalling, in a RAN, for example if the target device is a UE, or thetool for a UE. It should be noted that such provided information may be transferred tothe information system via one or more additionally communication interfaces and / or 2080paths and / or connections. The target indication may be a higher-layer indication and / orthe information provided by the information system may be higher-layer information, e.g.application layer or user-layer, in particular above radio layers like transport layer andphysical layer. The target indication may be mapped on physical layer radio signalling,e.g. related to or on the user-plane, and / or the information may be mapped on physical 2085layer radio communication signalling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane (in particular,in reverse communication directions). The described approaches allow a target indicationto be provided, facilitating information to be provided in a specific format particularlysuitable and / or adapted to efficiently use an air interface. A user input may for examplerepresent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes or formats, and / or 2090paths, e.g. in terms of data rate and / or packaging and / or size of information to beprovided by the information system.In general, a numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth (in fre-P111150WO01 58 / 91quency domain) of a subcarrier of a carrier, and / or the number of subcarriers in a carrierand / or the numbering of the subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length. 2095Different numerologies may in particular be different in the bandwidth of a subcarrier.In some variants, all the subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associatedto them. The numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may be different between carriersin particular regarding the subcarrier bandwidth. A symbol time length, and / or a timelength of a timing structure pertaining to a carrier may be dependent on the carrier fre- 2100quency, and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the numerology. In particular, differentnumerologies may have different symbol time lengths, even on the same carrier.Signalling may generally comprise one or more (e.g., modulation) symbols and / or signalsand / or messages. A signal may comprise or represent one or more bits. An indication mayrepresent signalling, and / or be implemented as a signal, or as a plurality of signals. One or 2105more signals may be included in and / or represented by a message. signalling, in particularcontrol signalling, may comprise a plurality of signals and / or messages, which may betransmitted on different carriers and / or be associated to different signalling processes,e.g. representing and / or pertaining to one or more such processes and / or correspondinginformation. An indication may comprise signalling, and / or a plurality of signals and / or 2110messages and / or may be comprised therein, which may be transmitted on different carriersand / or be associated to different acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g. representingand / or pertaining to one or more such processes. signalling associated to a channelmay be transmitted such that represents signalling and / or information for that channel,and / or that the signalling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver to belong to 2115that channel. Such signalling may generally comply with transmission parameters and / orformat / s for the channel.An antenna arrangement may comprise one or more antenna elements (radiating ele-ments), which may be combined in antenna arrays. An antenna array or sub-array maycomprise one antenna element, or a plurality of antenna elements, which may be arranged 2120e.g. two dimensionally (for example, a panel) or three dimensionally. It may be consideredthat each antenna array or sub-array or element is separately controllable, respectivelythat different antenna arrays are controllable separately from each other. A single an-tenna element / radiator may be considered the smallest example of a sub-array. Examplesof antenna arrays comprise one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individu- 2125ally controllable antenna elements. An antenna arrangement may comprise a pluralityof antenna arrays. It may be considered that an antenna arrangement is associated toa (specific and / or single) radio node, e.g. a configuring or informing or scheduling radionode, e.g. to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. An antenna arrangementassociated to a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g., in size and / or number of antenna 2130P111150WO01 59 / 91elements or arrays) than the antenna arrangement associated to a network node. An-tenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, e.g.to change the beamforming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays may be formedby combining one or more independently or separately controllable antenna elements orsub-arrays. The beams may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants by 2135digital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combing analog and digital beamforming.The informing radio nodes may be configured with the manner of beam transmission, e.g.by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, for example as beam identify in-dication. However, there may be considered cases in which the informing radio node / s arenot configured with such information, and / or operate transparently, not knowing the way 2140of beamforming used. An antenna arrangement may be considered separately control-lable in regard to the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of a signal feed to it fortransmission, and / or separately controllable antenna arrangements may comprise an inde-pendent or separate transmit and / or receive unit and / or ADC (analog-Digital-Converter,alternatively an ADC chain) or DCA (Digital-to-analog Converter, alternatively a DCA 2145chain) to convert digital control information into an analog antenna feed for the wholeantenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA may be considered part of, and / or connected orconnectable to, antenna circuitry) or vice versa. A scenario in which an ADC or DCA iscontrolled directly for beamforming may be considered an analog beamforming scenario;such controlling may be performed after encoding / decoding and7or after modulation sym- 2150bols have been mapped to resource elements. This may be on the level of antenna ar-rangements using the same ADC / DCA, e.g. one antenna element or a group of antennaelements associated to the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming may correspond to ascenario in which processing for beamforming is provided before feeding signalling to theADC / DCA, e.g. by using one or more precoder / s and / or by precoding information, for 2155example before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements. Such aprecoder for beamforming may provide weights, e.g. for amplitude and / or phase, and / ormay be based on a (precoder) codebook, e.g. selected from a codebook. A precoder maypertain to one beam or more beams, e.g. defining the beam or beams. The codebookmay be configured or configurable, and / or be predefined. DFT beamforming may be 2160considered a form of digital beamforming, wherein a DFT procedure is used to form oneor more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered.A beam may be defined by a spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distributionof radiation and / or a spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (solid) angledistribution into which radiation is transmitted (for transmission beamforming) or from 2165which it is received (for reception beamforming). Reception beamforming may compriseonly accepting signals coming in from a reception beam (e.g., using analog beamformingP111150WO01 60 / 91to not receive outside reception beam / s), and / or sorting out signals that do not comein in a reception beam, e.g. in digital postprocessing, e.g. digital beamforming. Abeam may have a solid angle equal to or smaller than 4*pi sr (4*pi correspond to a 2170beam covering all directions), in particular smaller than 2* pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4 orpi / 8 or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Differentbeams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angle and / or reach). A beammay have a main direction, which may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., center of themain lobe, e.g. pertaining to signal strength and / or solid angle, which may be averaged 2175and / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have one or more sidelobes. A lobemay generally be defined to have a continuous or contiguous distribution of energy and / orpower transmitted and / or received, e.g. bounded by one or more contiguous or contiguousregions of zero energy (or practically zero energy). A main lobe may comprise the lobewith the largest signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, sidelobes 2180usually appear due to limitations of beamforming, some of which may carry signals withsignificant strength, and may cause multi-path effects. A sidelobe may generally have adifferent direction than a main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflectionsa sidelobe still may contribute to transmitted and / or received energy or power. A beammay be swept and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction is changed, 2185but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the main direction is not changed,e.g. from the transmitter’s views for a transmission beam, or the receiver’s view for areception beam, respectively. Sweeping may correspond to continuous or near continuouschange of main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before thechange covers at least partly the main lobe after the change, e.g. at least to 50 or 75 or 219090 percent). Switching may correspond to switching direction non-continuously, e.g. suchthat after each change, the main lobe from before the change does not cover the mainlobe after the change, e.g. at most to 50 or 25 or 10 percent.Signal strength may be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy, e.g. asseen from a transmitting node or a receiving node. A beam with larger strength at 2195transmission (e.g., according to the beamforming used) than another beam does maynot necessarily have larger strength at the receiver, and vice versa, for example due tointerference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflectionand / or attrition or other effects influencing a beam or the signalling it carries. Signalquality may in general be a representation of how well a signal may be received over 2200noise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam doesnot necessarily have a larger beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality may berepresented for example by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, Energy per resource elementover noise / interference or another corresponding quality measure. Signal quality and / orP111150WO01 61 / 91signal strength may pertain to, and / or may be measured with respect to, a beam, and / or 2205specific signalling carried by the beam, e.g. reference signalling and / or a specific channel,e.g. a data channel or control channel. Signal strength may be represented by receivedsignal strength, and / or relative signal strength, e.g. in comparison to a reference signal(strength).Uplink or sidelink signalling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multi- 2210ple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signalling.Downlink signalling may in particular be OFDMA signalling. However, signalling likecommunication signalling is not limited thereto (Filter-Bank based signalling and / orSingle-Carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE signalling, may be considered alternatives).A radio node may generally be considered a device or node adapted for wireless and / or 2215radio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication, and / or for communication util-ising an air interface, e.g. according to a communication standard.A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network nodemay be any radio node of a wireless communication network, e.g. a base station and / orgNodeB (gNB) and / or eNodeB (eNB) and / or relay node and / or micro / nano / pico / femto 2220node and / or transmission point (TP) and / or access point (AP) and / or other node, inparticular for a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein.The terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered to be interchangeablein the context of this disclosure. A wireless device, user equipment or terminal may rep-resent an end device for communication utilising the wireless communication network, 2225and / or be implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples of userequipments may comprise a phone like a smartphone, a personal communication device, amobile phone or terminal, a computer, in particular laptop, a sensor or machine with radiocapability (and / or adapted for the air interface), in particular for MTC (Machine-Type-Communication, sometimes also referred to M2M, Machine-To-Machine), or a vehicle 2230adapted for wireless communication. A user equipment or terminal may be mobile or sta-tionary. A wireless device generally may comprise, and / or be implemented as, processingcircuitry and / or radio circuitry, which may comprise one or more chips or sets of chips.The circuitry and / or circuitries may be packaged, e.g. in a chip housing, and / or may haveone or more physical interfaces to interact with other circuitry and / or for power supply. 2235Such a wireless device may be intended for use in a user equipment or terminal.A radio node may generally comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. A radionode, in particular a network node, may in some cases comprise cable circuitry and / orcommunication circuitry, with which it may be connected or connectable to another radioP111150WO01 62 / 91node and / or a core network. 2240Circuitry may comprise integrated circuitry. Processing circuitry may comprise one ormore processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers), and / or ASICs (ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuitry) and / or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), or sim-ilar. It may be considered that processing circuitry comprises, and / or is (operatively)connected or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. A mem- 2245ory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. A memory may be adaptedto store digital information. Examples for memories comprise volatile and non-volatilememory, and / or Random Access Memory (RAM), and / or Read-Only-Memory (ROM),and / or magnetic and / or optical memory, and / or flash memory, and / or hard disk mem-ory, and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically Erasable 2250Programmable ROM).Radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers(a transceiver may operate or be operable as transmitter and receiver, and / or may com-prise joint or separated circuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g. in one package orhousing), and / or may comprise one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters, 2255and / or may comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to antenna circuitry and / orone or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. An antenna array may comprise one ormore antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, e.g. 2D or 3D array,and / or antenna panels. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered as an exampleof an antenna array. However, in some variants, an RRH may be also be implemented 2260as a network node, depending on the kind of circuitry and / or functionality implementedtherein.Communication circuitry may comprise radio circuitry and / or cable circuitry. Commu-nication circuitry generally may comprise one or more interfaces, which may be air inter-face / s and / or cable interface / s and / or optical interface / s, e.g. laser-based. Interface / s 2265may be in particular packet-based. Cable circuitry and / or a cable interfaces may com-prise, and / or be connected or connectable to, one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-basedand / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermedi-ate systems and / or interfaces) be connected or connectable to a target, e.g. controlled bycommunication circuitry and / or processing circuitry. 2270Any one or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / orfirmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated to different componentsof a radio node, e.g. different circuitries or different parts of a circuitry. It may be consid-ered that a module is distributed over different components and / or circuitries. A programproduct as described herein may comprise the modules related to a device on which the 2275P111150WO01 63 / 91program product is intended (e.g., a user equipment or network node) to be executed (theexecution may be performed on, and / or controlled by the associated circuitry).A wireless communication network may be or comprise a radio access network and / ora backhaul network (e.g. a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or aRadio Access Network (RAN) in particular according to a communication standard. A 2280communication standard may in particular a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G,e.g. according to NR or LTE, in particular LTE Evolution.A wireless communication network may be and / or comprise a Radio Access Network(RAN), which may be and / or comprise any kind of cellular and / or wireless radio net-work, which may be connected or connectable to a core network. The approaches de- 2285scribed herein are particularly suitable for a 5G network, e.g. LTE Evolution and / or NR(New Radio), respectively successors thereof. A RAN may comprise one or more net-work nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A networknode may in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellularcommunication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted for 2290radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within a RAN, e.g. a userequipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicular com-munication device or device for machine-type-communication (MTC), etc. A terminalmay be mobile, or in some cases stationary. A RAN or a wireless communication networkmay comprise at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. There 2295may be generally considered a wireless communication network or system, e.g. a RAN orRAN system, comprising at least one radio node, and / or at least one network node andat least one terminal.Transmitting in downlink may pertain to transmission from the network or network nodeto the terminal. Transmitting in uplink may pertain to transmission from the termi- 2300nal to the network or network node. Transmitting in sidelink may pertain to (direct)transmission from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelinktransmission and reception) may be considered communication directions. In some vari-ants, uplink and downlink may also be used to described wireless communication betweennetwork nodes, e.g. for wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) 2305network communication for example between base stations or similar network nodes, inparticular communication terminating at such. It may be considered that backhaul and / orrelay communication and / or network communication is implemented as a form of sidelinkor uplink communication or similar thereto.Control information or a control information message or corresponding signalling (con- 2310trol signalling) may be transmitted on a control channel, e.g. a physical control channel,P111150WO01 64 / 91which may be a downlink channel or (or a sidelink channel in some cases, e.g. one UEscheduling another UE). For example, control information / allocation information may besignalled by a network node on PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / ora PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ-specific channel. Ac- 2315knowledgement signalling, e.g. as a form of control information or signalling like uplinkcontrol information / signalling, may be transmitted by a terminal on a PUCCH (PhysicalUplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or aHARQ-specific channel. Multiple channels may apply for multi-component / multi-carrierindication or signalling. 2320Transmitting acknowledgement signalling may in general be based on and / or in responseto subject transmission, and / or to control signalling scheduling subject transmission.Such control signalling and / or subject signalling may be transmitted by a signalling ra-dio node (which may be a network node, and / or a node associated to it, e.g. in a dualconnectivity scenario. Subject transmission and / or subject signalling may be transmis- 2325sion or signalling to which ACK / NACK or acknowledgement information pertains, e.g.indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of the subject transmission orsignalling. Subject signalling or transmission may in particular comprise and / or be repre-sented by data signalling, e.g. on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or some forms of control signalling,e.g. on a PDCCH or PSSCH, for example for specific formats. 2330A signalling characteristic may be based on a type or format of a scheduling grant and / orscheduling assignment, and / or type of allocation, and / or timing of acknowledgementsignalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or resourcesassociated to acknowledgement signalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or schedul-ing assignment. For example, if a specific format for a scheduling grant (scheduling 2335or allocating the allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling the subjecttransmission for acknowledgement signalling) is used or detected, the first or second com-munication resource may be used. Type of allocation may pertain to dynamic allocation(e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., for a configured grant). Timingof acknowledgement signalling may pertain to a slot and / or symbol / s the signalling is to 2340be transmitted. Resources used for acknowledgement signalling may pertain to the allo-cated resources. Timing and / or resources associated to a scheduling grant or assignmentmay represent a search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured for reception ofPDCCH transmissions) in which the grant or assignment is received. Thus, which trans-mission resource to be used may be based on implicit conditions, requiring low signalling 2345overhead.Scheduling may comprise indicating, e.g. with control signalling like DCI or SCI signallingP111150WO01 65 / 91and / or signalling on a control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH, one or more schedulingopportunities of a configuration intended to carry data signalling or subject signalling.The configuration may be represented or representable by, and / or correspond to, a table. 2350A scheduling assignment may for example point to an opportunity of the reception allo-cation configuration, e.g. indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, areception allocation configuration may comprise 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. Theconfiguration may in particular represent allocation in time. It may be considered that thereception allocation configuration pertains to data signalling, in particular on a physical 2355data channel like PDSCH or PSSCH. In general, the reception allocation configurationmay pertain to downlink signalling, or in some scenarios to sidelink signalling. Controlsignalling scheduling subject transmission like data signalling may point and / or indexand / or refer to and / or indicate a scheduling opportunity of the reception allocation con-figuration. It may be considered that the reception allocation configuration is configured 2360or configurable with higher-layer signalling, e.g. RRC or MAC layer signalling. The recep-tion allocation configuration may be applied and / or applicable and / or valid for a pluralityof transmission timing intervals, e.g. such that for each interval, one or more opportu-nities may be indicated or allocated for data signalling. These approaches allow efficientand flexible scheduling, which may be semi-static, but may updated or reconfigured on 2365useful timescales in response to changes of operation conditions.Control information, e.g., in a control information message, in this context may in par-ticular be implemented as and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which mayindicate subject transmission for feedback (transmission of acknowledgement signalling),and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. Reporting 2370timing may indicate a timing for scheduled acknowledgement signalling, e.g. slot and / orsymbol and / or resource set. Control information may be carried by control signalling.Subject transmissions may comprise one or more individual transmissions. Scheduling as-signments may comprise one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be notedthat in a distributed system, subject transmissions, configuration and / or scheduling may 2375be provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject trans-missions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in a carrier aggregation),and / or same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the same or different layers or beams,e.g. in a MIMO scenario, and / or to same or different ports. Generally, subject transmis-sions may pertain to different HARQ or ARQ processes (or different sub-processes, e.g. in 2380MIMO with different beams / layers associated to the same process identifier, but differentsub-process-identifiers like swap bits). A scheduling assignment and / or a HARQ code-book may indicate a target HARQ structure. A target HARQ structure may for exampleindicate an intended HARQ response to a subject transmission, e.g. the number of bitsP111150WO01 66 / 91and / or whether to provide code block group level response or not. However, it should be 2385noted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, e.g. due to thetotal size of target structures for a subpattern being larger than the predetermined size.Transmitting acknowledgement signalling, also referred to as transmitting acknowledge-ment information or feedback information or simply as ARQ or HARQ feedback or feed-back or reporting feedback, may comprise, and / or be based on determining correct or 2390incorrect reception of subject transmission / s, e.g. based on error coding and / or based onscheduling assignment / s scheduling the subject transmissions. Transmitting acknowledge-ment information may be based on, and / or comprise, a structure for acknowledgementinformation to transmit, e.g. the structure of one or more subpatterns, e.g. based onwhich subject transmission is scheduled for an associated subdivision. Transmitting ac- 2395knowledgement information may comprise transmitting corresponding signalling, e.g. atone instance and / or in one message and / or one channel, in particular a physical channel,which may be a control channel. In some cases, the channel may be a shared channelor data channel, e.g. utilising rate-matching of the acknowledgment information. Theacknowledgement information may generally pertain to a plurality of subject transmis- 2400sions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may comprise datasignalling and / or control signalling. The acknowledgment information may be based ona codebook, which may be based on one or more size indications and / or assignmentindications (representing HARQ structures), which may be received with a plurality ofcontrol signallings and / or control messages, e.g. in the same or different transmission 2405timing structures, and / or in the same or different (target) sets of resources. Transmittingacknowledgement information may comprise determining the codebook, e.g. based oncontrol information in one or more control information messages and / or a configuration.A codebook may pertain to transmitting acknowledgement information at a single and / orspecific instant, e.g. a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, and / or in one message 2410or with jointly encoded and / or modulated acknowledgement information. Generally, ac-knowledgment information may be transmitted together with other control information,e.g. a scheduling request and / or measurement information.Acknowledgement signalling may in some cases comprise, next to acknowledgement in-formation, other information, e.g. control information, in particular, uplink or sidelink 2415control information, like a scheduling request and / or measurement information, or sim-ilar, and / or error detection and / or correction information, respectively associated bits.The payload size of acknowledgement signalling may represent the number of bits of ac-knowledgement information, and / or in some cases the total number of bits carried bythe acknowledgement signalling, and / or the number of resource elements needed. Ac- 2420knowledgement signalling and / or information may pertain to ARQ and / or HARQ pro-P111150WO01 67 / 91cesses; an ARQ process may provide ACK / NACK (and perhaps additional feedback)feedback, and decoding may be performed on each (re-)transmission separately, with-out soft-buffering / soft-combining intermediate data, whereas HARQ may comprise soft-buffering / soft-combining of intermediate data of decoding for one or more (re-)transmissions. 2425Subject transmission may be data signalling or control signalling. The transmission maybe on a shared or dedicated channel. Data signalling may be on a data channel, for exam-ple on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / orhigh reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel. Control signalling may be on a control channel,for example on a common control channel or a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise one 2430or more DCI messages or SCI messages. In some cases, the subject transmission may com-prise, or represent, reference signalling. For example, it may comprise DM-RS and / or pilotsignalling and / or discovery signalling and / or sounding signalling and / or phase trackingsignalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific signalling, in par-ticular CSI-RS. A subject transmission may pertain to one scheduling assignment and / or 2435one acknowledgement signalling process (e.g., according to identifier or subidentifier),and / or one subdivision. In some cases, a subject transmission may cross the borders ofsubdivisions in time, e.g. due to being scheduled to start in one subdivision and extendinginto another, or even crossing over more than one subdivision. In this case, it may beconsidered that the subject transmission is associated to the subdivision it ends in. 2440It may be considered that transmitting acknowledgement information, in particular of ac-knowledgement information, is based on determining whether the subject transmission / shas or have been received correctly, e.g. based on error coding and / or reception quality.Reception quality may for example be based on a determined signal quality. Acknowl-edgement information may generally be transmitted to a signalling radio node and / or 2445node arrangement and / or to a network and / or network node.Acknowledgement information, or bit / s of a subpattern structure of such information(e.g., an acknowledgement information structure, may represent and / or comprise one ormore bits, in particular a pattern of bits. Multiple bits pertaining to a data structureor substructure or message like a control message may be considered a subpattern. The 2450structure or arrangement of acknowledgement information may indicate the order, and / ormeaning, and / or mapping, and / or pattern of bits (or subpatterns of bits) of the infor-mation. The structure or mapping may in particular indicate one or more data blockstructures, e.g. code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks and / ormessages, e.g. command messages, the acknowledgement information pertains to, and / or 2455which bits or subpattern of bits are associated to which data block structure. In somecases, the mapping may pertain to one or more acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g.P111150WO01 68 / 91processes with different identifiers, and / or one or more different data streams. The config-uration or structure or codebook may indicate to which process / es and / or data stream / sthe information pertains. Generally, the acknowledgement information may comprise 2460one or more subpatterns, each of which may pertain to a data block structure, e.g. acode block or code block group or transport block. A subpattern may be arranged toindicate acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement, or another retransmission state likenon-scheduling or non-reception, of the associated data block structure. It may be con-sidered that a subpattern comprises one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It should 2465be noted that acknowledgement information may be subjected to significant processingbefore being transmitted with acknowledgement signalling. Different configurations mayindicate different sizes and / or mapping and / or structures and / or pattern.An acknowledgment signalling process (providing acknowledgment information) may bea HARQ process, and / or be identified by a process identifier, e.g. a HARQ process iden- 2470tifier or sub-identifier. Acknowledgement signalling and / or associated acknowledgementinformation may be referred to as feedback or acknowledgement feedback. It should benoted that data blocks or structures to which subpatterns may pertain may be intendedto carry data (e.g., information and / or systemic and / or coding bits). However, dependingon transmission conditions, such data may be received or not received (or not received 2475correctly), which may be indicated correspondingly in the feedback. In some cases, asubpattern of acknowledgement signalling may comprise padding bits, e.g. if the ac-knowledgement information for a data block requires fewer bits than indicated as size ofthe subpattern. Such may for example happen if the size is indicated by a unit size largerthan required for the feedback. 2480Acknowledgment information may generally indicate at least ACK or NACK, e.g. per-taining to an acknowledgment signalling process, or an element of a data block structurelike a data block, subblock group or subblock, or a message, in particular a control mes-sage. Generally, to an acknowledgment signalling process there may be associated onespecific subpattern and / or a data block structure, for which acknowledgment information 2485may be provided. Acknowledgement information may comprise a plurality of pieces ofinformation, represented in a plurality of ARQ and / or HARQ structures.An acknowledgment signalling process may determine correct or incorrect reception,and / or corresponding acknowledgement information, of a data block like a transportblock, and / or substructures thereof, based on coding bits associated to the data block, 2490and / or based on coding bits associated to one or more data block and / or subblocksand / or subblock group / s. Acknowledgement information (determined by an acknowl-edgement signalling process) may pertain to the data block as a whole, and / or to oneP111150WO01 69 / 91or more subblocks or subblock groups. A code block may be considered an example ofa subblock, whereas a code block group may be considered an example of a subblock 2495group. Accordingly, the associated subpattern may comprise one or more bits indicatingreception status or feedback of the data block, and / or one or more bits indicating recep-tion status or feedback of one or more subblocks or subblock groups. Each subpatternor bit of the subpattern may be associated and / or mapped to a specific data block orsubblock or subblock group. In some variants, correct reception for a data block may be 2500indicated if all subblocks or subblock groups are correctly identified. In such a case, thesubpattern may represent acknowledgement information for the data block as a whole,reducing overhead in comparison to provide acknowledgement information for the sub-blocks or subblock groups. The smallest structure (e.g. subblock / subblock group / datablock) the subpattern provides acknowledgement information for and / or is associated to 2505may be considered its (highest) resolution. In some variants, a subpattern may provideacknowledgment information regarding several elements of a data block structure and / orat different resolution, e.g. to allow more specific error detection. For example, even ifa subpattern indicates acknowledgment signalling pertaining to a data block as a whole,in some variants higher resolution (e.g., subblock or subblock group resolution) may be 2510provided by the subpattern. A subpattern may generally comprise one or more bits indi-cating ACK / NACK for a data block, and / or one or more bits for indicating ACK / NACKfor a subblock or subblock group, or for more than one subblock or subblock group.A subblock and / or subblock group may comprise information bits (representing the datato be transmitted, e.g. user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It may be 2515considered that a data block and / or subblock and / or subblock group also comprises errorone or more error detection bits, which may pertain to, and / or be determined based on,the information bits (for a subblock group, the error detection bit / s may be determinedbased on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of thesubblock / s of the subblock group). A data block or substructure like subblock or subblock 2520group may comprise error correction bits, which may in particular be determined basedon the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, e.g. utilisingan error correction coding scheme, in particular for forward error correction (FEC), e.g.LDPC or polar coding and / or turbo coding. Generally, the error correction coding of adata block structure (and / or associated bits) may cover and / or pertain to information bits 2525and error detection bits of the structure. A subblock group may represent a combination ofone or more code blocks, respectively the corresponding bits. A data block may representa code block or code block group, or a combination of more than one code block groups.A transport block may be split up in code blocks and / or code block groups, for examplebased on the bit size of the information bits of a higher layer data structure provided 2530P111150WO01 70 / 91for error coding and / or size requirements or preferences for error coding, in particularerror correction coding. Such a higher layer data structure is sometimes also referred toas transport block, which in this context represents information bits without the errorcoding bits described herein, although higher layer error handling information may beincluded, e.g. for an internet protocol like TCP. However, such error handling information 2535represents information bits in the context of this disclosure, as the acknowledgementsignalling procedures described treat it accordingly.In some variants, a subblock like a code block may comprise error correction bits, whichmay be determined based on the information bit / s and / or error detection bit / s of thesubblock. An error correction coding scheme may be used for determining the error cor- 2540rection bits, e.g. based on LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding. In some cases,a subblock or code block may be considered to be defined as a block or pattern of bitscomprising information bits, error detection bit / s determined based on the informationbits, and error correction bit / s determined based on the information bits and / or errordetection bit / s. It may be considered that in a subblock, e.g. code block, the information 2545bits (and possibly the error correction bit / s) are protected and / or covered by the errorcorrection scheme or corresponding error correction bit / s. A code block group may com-prise one or more code blocks. In some variants, no additional error detection bits and / orerror correction bits are applied, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. Atransport block may comprise one or more code block groups. It may be considered that 2550no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to a transportblock, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. In some specific variants,the code block group / s comprise no additional layers of error detection or correction cod-ing, and the transport block may comprise only additional error detection coding bits,but no additional error correction coding. This may particularly be true if the transport 2555block size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size for error correctioncoding. A subpattern of acknowledgement signalling (in particular indicating ACK orNACK) may pertain to a code block, e.g. indicating whether the code block has beencorrectly received. It may be considered that a subpattern pertains to a subgroup like acode block group or a data block like a transport block. In such cases, it may indicate 2560ACK, if all subblocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block are receivedcorrectly (e.g. based on a logical AND operation), and NACK or another state of non-correct reception if at least one subblock or code block has not been correctly received. Itshould be noted that a code block may be considered to be correctly received not only ifit actually has been correctly received, but also if it can be correctly reconstructed based 2565on soft-combining and / or the error correction coding.A subpattern / HARQ structure may pertain to one acknowledgement signalling processP111150WO01 71 / 91and / or one carrier like a component carrier and / or data block structure or data block. Itmay in particular be considered that one (e.g. specific and / or single) subpattern pertains,e.g. is mapped by the codebook, to one (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgement 2570signalling process, e.g. a specific and / or single HARQ process. It may be consideredthat in the bit pattern, subpatterns are mapped to acknowledgement signalling processesand / or data blocks or data block structures on a one-to-one basis. In some variants, theremay be multiple subpatterns (and / or associated acknowledgment signalling processes)associated to the same component carrier, e.g. if multiple data streams transmitted 2575on the carrier are subject to acknowledgement signalling processes. A subpattern maycomprise one or more bits, the number of which may be considered to represent its sizeor bit size. Different bit n-tupels (n being 1 or larger) of a subpattern may be associatedto different elements of a data block structure (e.g., data block or subblock or subblockgroup), and / or represent different resolutions. There may be considered variants in which 2580only one resolution is represented by a bit pattern, e.g. a data block. A bit n-tupelmay represent acknowledgement information (also referred to a feedback), in particularACK or NACK, and optionally, (if n¿1), may represent DTX / DRX or other receptionstates. ACK / NACK may be represented by one bit, or by more than one bit, e.g. toimprove disambiguity of bit sequences representing ACK or NACK, and / or to improve 2585transmission reliability.The acknowledgement information or feedback information may pertain to a pluralityof different transmissions, which may be associated to and / or represented by data blockstructures, respectively the associated data blocks or data signalling. The data blockstructures, and / or the corresponding blocks and / or signalling, may be scheduled for si- 2590multaneous transmission, e.g. for the same transmission timing structure, in particularwithin the same slot or subframe, and / or on the same symbol / s. However, alternativeswith scheduling for non-simultaneous transmission may be considered. For example, theacknowledgment information may pertain to data blocks scheduled for different trans-mission timing structures, e.g. different slots (or mini-slots, or slots and mini-slots) or 2595similar, which may correspondingly be received (or not or wrongly received). Schedul-ing signalling may generally comprise indicating resources, e.g. time and / or frequencyresources, for example for receiving or transmitting the scheduled signalling.signalling may generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure(e.g., over a time interval and frequency interval), which is intended to convey informa- 2600tion to at least one specific or generic (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signalling)target. A process of signalling may comprise transmitting the signalling. Transmittingsignalling, in particular control signalling or communication signalling, e.g. comprisingor representing acknowledgement signalling and / or resource requesting information, mayP111150WO01 72 / 91comprise encoding and / or modulating. Encoding and / or modulating may comprise error 2605detection coding and / or forward error correction encoding and / or scrambling. Receivingcontrol signalling may comprise corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error de-tection coding may comprise, and / or be based on, parity or checksum approaches, e.g.CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding may comprise and / orbe based on for example turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polar coding 2610and / or LDPC coding (Low Density Parity Check). The type of coding used may be basedon the channel (e.g., physical channel) the coded signal is associated to. A code rate mayrepresent the ratio of the number of information bits before encoding to the number ofencoded bits after encoding, considering that encoding adds coding bits for error detec-tion coding and forward error correction. Coded bits may refer to information bits (also 2615called systematic bits) plus coding bits.Communication signalling may comprise, and / or represent, and / or be implemented as,data signalling, and / or user plane signalling. Communication signalling may be associatedto a data channel, e.g. a physical downlink channel or physical uplink channel or physicalsidelink channel, in particular a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PSSCH 2620(Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channelor a dedicated channel. Data signalling may be signalling associated to and / or on a datachannel.An indication generally may explicitly and / or implicitly indicate the information it rep-resents and / or indicates. Implicit indication may for example be based on position 2625and / or resource used for transmission. Explicit indication may for example be basedon a parametrisation with one or more parameters, and / or one or more index or indices,and / or one or more bit patterns representing the information. It may in particular be con-sidered that control signalling as described herein, based on the utilised resource sequence,implicitly indicates the control signalling type. 2630A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually usable and / or en-codable and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time-frequency re-source, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource covering a symbol time length intime and a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocatable and / or allocated to aresource element. A subcarrier may be a subband of a carrier, e.g. as defined by a stan- 2635dard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / orreception. In some variants, a signal (jointly encoded / modulated) may cover more thanone resource elements. A resource element may generally be as defined by a correspond-ing standard, e.g. NR or LTE. As symbol time length and / or subcarrier spacing (and / ornumerology) may be different between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different re- 2640P111150WO01 73 / 91source elements may have different extension (length / width) in time and / or frequencydomain, in particular resource elements pertaining to different carriers.A resource generally may represent a time-frequency and / or code resource, on whichsignalling, e.g. according to a specific format, may be communicated, for example trans-mitted and / or received, and / or be intended for transmission and / or reception. 2645A border symbol may generally represent a starting symbol or an ending symbol fortransmitting and / or receiving. A starting symbol may in particular be a starting symbolof uplink or sidelink signalling, for example control signalling or data signalling. Suchsignalling may be on a data channel or control channel, e.g. a physical channel, inparticular a physical uplink shared channel (like PUSCH) or a sidelink data or shared 2650channel, or a physical uplink control channel (like PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel.If the starting symbol is associated to control signalling (e.g., on a control channel), thecontrol signalling may be in response to received signalling (in sidelink or downlink), e.g.representing acknowledgement signalling associated thereto, which may be HARQ or ARQsignalling. An ending symbol may represent an ending symbol (in time) of downlink or 2655sidelink transmission or signalling, which may be intended or scheduled for the radio nodeor user equipment. Such downlink signalling may in particular be data signalling, e.g.on a physical downlink channel like a shared channel, e.g. a PDSCH (Physical DownlinkShared Channel). A starting symbol may be determined based on, and / or in relation to,such an ending symbol. 2660Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment, may refer to theradio node being adapted or caused or set and / or instructed to operate according to theconfiguration. Configuring may be done by another device, e.g., a network node (forexample, a radio node of the network like a base station or eNodeB) or network, in whichcase it may comprise transmitting configuration data to the radio node to be configured. 2665Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or compriseone or more instruction pertaining to a configuration, e.g. a configuration for transmittingand / or receiving on allocated resources, in particular frequency resources. A radio nodemay configure itself, e.g., based on configuration data received from a network or networknode. A network node may utilise, and / or be adapted to utilise, its circuitry / ies for 2670configuring. Allocation information may be considered a form of configuration data.Configuration data may comprise and / or be represented by configuration information,and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or message / sGenerally, configuring may include determining configuration data representing the con-figuration and providing, e.g. transmitting, it to one or more other nodes (parallel and / or 2675sequentially), which may transmit it further to the radio node (or another node, whichP111150WO01 74 / 91may be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively, or additionally, con-figuring a radio node, e.g., by a network node or other device, may include receivingconfiguration data and / or data pertaining to configuration data, e.g., from another nodelike a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network, and / or transmitting 2680received configuration data to the radio node. Accordingly, determining a configurationand transmitting the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by differentnetwork nodes or entities, which may be able to communicate via a suitable interface, e.g.,an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring aterminal may comprise scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, 2685e.g. downlink data and / or downlink control signalling and / or DCI and / or uplink controlor data or communication signalling, in particular acknowledgement signalling, and / orconfiguring resources and / or a resource pool therefor.A resource structure may be considered to be neighboured in frequency domain by an-other resource structure, if they share a common border frequency, e.g. one as an upper 2690frequency border and the other as a lower frequency border. Such a border may for ex-ample be represented by the upper end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n, whichalso represents the lower end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n+1. A resourcestructure may be considered to be neighboured in time domain by another resource struc-ture, if they share a common border time, e.g. one as an upper (or right in the figures) 2695border and the other as a lower (or left in the figures) border. Such a border may forexample be represented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n,which also represents the beginning of a symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n+1.Generally, a resource structure being neighboured by another resource structure in adomain may also be referred to as abutting and / or bordering the other resource structure 2700in the domain.A resource structure may general represent a structure in time and / or frequency domain,in particular representing a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structuremay comprise and / or be comprised of resource elements, and / or the time interval of aresource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of symbol time interval / s, and / or 2705the frequency interval of a resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of sub-carrier / s. A resource element may be considered an example for a resource structure, aslot or mini-slot or a Physical Resource Block (PRB) or parts thereof may be consideredothers. A resource structure may be associated to a specific channel, e.g. a PUSCH orPUCCH, in particular resource structure smaller than a slot or PRB. 2710Examples of a resource structure in frequency domain comprise a bandwidth or band, ora bandwidth part. A bandwidth part may be a part of a bandwidth available for a radioP111150WO01 75 / 91node for communicating, e.g. due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulationsand / or a standard. A bandwidth part may be configured or configurable to a radionode. In some variants, a bandwidth part may be the part of a bandwidth used for 2715communicating, e.g. transmitting and / or receiving, by a radio node. The bandwidthpart may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined bythe circuitry / configuration of a device, and / or a system bandwidth, e.g. available for aRAN). It may be considered that a bandwidth part comprises one or more resource blocksor resource block groups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A bandwidth 2720part may pertain to, and / or comprise, one or more carriers.A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and / or pertain to a centralfrequency and an associated frequency interval. It may be considered that a carrier com-prises a plurality of subcarriers. A carrier may have assigned to it a central frequency orcenter frequency interval, e.g. represented by one or more subcarriers (to each subcarrier 2725there may be generally assigned a frequency bandwidth or interval). Different carriersmay be non-overlapping, and / or may be neighbouring in frequency domain.It should be noted that the term “radio” in this disclosure may be considered to pertain towireless communication in general, and may also include wireless communication utilisingmillimeter waves, in particular above one of the thresholds 10 GHz or 20 GHz or 50 GHz or 273052 GHz or 52.6 GHz or 60 GHz or 72 GHz or 100 GHz or 114 GHz. Such communicationmay utilise one or more carriers, e.g. in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. Upper frequencyboundaries may correspond to 300 GHz or 200 GHz or 120 GHz or any of the thresholdslarger than the one representing the lower frequency boundary.A radio node, in particular a network node or a terminal, may generally be any device 2735adapted for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data, inparticular communication data, in particular on at least one carrier. The at least onecarrier may comprise a carrier accessed based on an LBT procedure (which may be calledLBT carrier), e.g., an unlicensed carrier. It may be considered that the carrier is part ofa carrier aggregate. 2740Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting utiliz-ing a frequency (band) or spectrum associated to the cell or carrier. A cell may generallycomprise and / or be defined by or for one or more carriers, in particular at least one car-rier for UL communication / transmission (called UL carrier) and at least one carrier forDL communication / transmission (called DL carrier). It may be considered that a cell 2745comprises different numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively, or addition-ally, a cell may comprise at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and DLcommunication / transmission, e.g., in TDD-based approaches.P111150WO01 76 / 91A channel may generally be a logical, transport or physical channel. A channel may com-prise and / or be arranged on one or more carriers, in particular a plurality of subcarriers. 2750A channel carrying and / or for carrying control signalling / control information may be con-sidered a control channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carriescontrol plane information. Analogously, a channel carrying and / or for carrying data sig-nalling / user information may be considered a data channel, in particular if it is a physicallayer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel may be defined for 2755a specific communication direction, or for two complementary communication directions(e.g., UL and DL, or sidelink in two directions), in which case it may be considered tohave two component channels, one for each direction. Examples of channels comprise achannel for low latency and / or high reliability transmission, in particular a channel forUltra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), which may be for control and / or 2760data.In general, a symbol may represent and / or be associated to a symbol time length, whichmay be dependent on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or numerology of theassociated carrier. Accordingly, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time intervalhaving a symbol time length in relation to frequency domain. A symbol time length 2765may be dependent on a carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or numerology and / orsubcarrier spacing of, or associated to, a symbol. Accordingly, different symbols mayhave different symbol time lengths. In particular, numerologies with different subcarrierspacings may have different symbol time length. Generally, a symbol time length may bebased on, and / or include, a guard time interval or cyclic extension, e.g. prefix or postfix. 2770A sidelink may generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) be-tween two UEs and / or terminals, in which data is transmitted between the participants(UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, e.g. directly and / or withoutbeing relayed via a network node. A sidelink may be established only and / or directly viaair interface / s of the participant, which may be directly linked via the sidelink commu- 2775nication channel. In some variants, sidelink communication may be performed withoutinteraction by a network node, e.g. on fixedly defined resources and / or on resources ne-gotiated between the participants. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be consideredthat a network node provides some control functionality, e.g. by configuring resources, inparticular one or more resource pool / s, for sidelink communication, and / or monitoring a 2780sidelink, e.g. for charging purposes.Sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication,and / or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Services) communication, e.g. in the contextof LTE. A sidelink may be implemented in the context of V2x communication (VehicularP111150WO01 77 / 91communication), e.g. V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and / or 2785V2P (Vehicle-to-Person). Any device adapted for sidelink communication may be consid-ered a user equipment or terminal.A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may comprise one or more (e.g., physicalor logical) channels, e.g. a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control CHannel, which may forexample carry control information like an acknowledgement position indication, and / or 2790a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared CHannel, which for example may carry data and / oracknowledgement signalling). It may be considered that a sidelink communication channel(or structure) pertains to and / or used one or more carrier / s and / or frequency range / sassociated to, and / or being used by, cellular communication, e.g. according to a specificlicense and / or standard. Participants may share a (physical) channel and / or resources, 2795in particular in frequency domain and / or related to a frequency resource like a carrier)of a sidelink, such that two or more participants transmit thereon, e.g. simultaneously,and / or time-shifted, and / or there may be associated specific channels and / or resourcesto specific participants, so that for example only one participant transmits on a specificchannel or on a specific resource or specific resources, e.g., in frequency domain and / or 2800related to one or more carriers or subcarriers.A sidelink may comply with, and / or be implemented according to, a specific standard,e.g. an LTE-based standard and / or NR. A sidelink may utilise TDD (Time DivisionDuplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technology, e.g. as configured by anetwork node, and / or preconfigured and / or negotiated between the participants. A user 2805equipment may be considered to be adapted for sidelink communication if it, and / or itsradio circuitry and / or processing circuitry, is adapted for utilising a sidelink, e.g. on oneor more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats, in particularaccording to a specific standard. It may be generally considered that a Radio AccessNetwork is defined by two participants of a sidelink communication. Alternatively, or 2810additionally, a Radio Access Network may be represented, and / or defined with, and / orbe related to a network node and / or communication with such a node.Communication or communicating may generally comprise transmitting and / or receiv-ing signalling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signalling) may comprise util-ising the sidelink for communication (respectively, for signalling). Sidelink transmission 2815and / or transmitting on a sidelink may be considered to comprise transmission utilising thesidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuitry and / orthe air interface. Sidelink reception and / or receiving on a sidelink may be consideredto comprise reception utilising the sidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmis-sion formats and / or circuitry and / or the air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g., 2820P111150WO01 78 / 91SCI) may generally be considered to comprise control information transmitted utilising asidelink.Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radio connection and / orcommunication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / ornetwork node and a terminal or on a sidelink comprising a plurality of carriers for at least 2825one direction of transmission (e.g. DL and / or UL), as well as to the aggregate of carriers.A corresponding communication link may be referred to as carrier aggregated communi-cation link or CA communication link; carriers in a carrier aggregate may be referred toas component carriers (CC). In such a link, data may be transmitted over more than oneof the carriers and / or all the carriers of the carrier aggregation (the aggregate of carri- 2830ers). A carrier aggregation may comprise one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / orprimary carriers (which may e.g. be referred to as primary component carrier or PCC),over which control information may be transmitted, wherein the control information mayrefer to the primary carrier and other carriers, which may be referred to as secondarycarriers (or secondary component carrier, SCC). However, in some approaches, control 2835information may be sent over more than one carrier of an aggregate, e.g. one or morePCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs.A transmission may generally pertain to a specific channel and / or specific resources,in particular with a starting symbol and ending symbol in time, covering the intervaltherebetween. A scheduled transmission may be a transmission scheduled and / or expected 2840and / or for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not everyscheduled transmission has to be realized. For example, a scheduled downlink transmissionmay not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted due topower limitations, or other influences (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier beingoccupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a transmission timing substructure (e.g., 2845a mini-slot, and / or covering only a part of a transmission timing structure) within atransmission timing structure like a slot. A border symbol may be indicative of a symbolin the transmission timing structure at which the transmission starts or ends.Predefined in the context of this disclosure may refer to the related information beingdefined for example in a standard, and / or being available without specific configuration 2850from a network or network node, e.g. stored in memory, for example independent of beingconfigured. Configured or configurable may be considered to pertain to the correspondinginformation being set / configured, e.g. by the network or a network node.A configuration or schedule, like a mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration,may schedule transmissions, e.g. for the time / transmissions it is valid, and / or transmis- 2855sions may be scheduled by separate signalling or separate configuration, e.g. separate RRCP111150WO01 79 / 91signalling and / or downlink control information signalling. The transmission / s scheduledmay represent signalling to be transmitted by the device for which it is scheduled, orsignalling to be received by the device for which it is scheduled, depending on which sideof a communication the device is. It should be noted that downlink control information 2860or specifically DCI signalling may be considered physical layer signalling, in contrast tohigher layer signalling like MAC (Medium Access Control) signalling or RRC layer sig-nalling. The higher the layer of signalling is, the less frequent / the more time / resourceconsuming it may be considered, at least partially due to the information contained in suchsignalling having to be passed on through several layers, each layer requiring processing 2865and handling.A scheduled transmission, and / or transmission timing structure like a mini-slot or slot,may pertain to a specific channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel, a physicaluplink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, e.g. PUSCH, PUCCH orPDSCH, and / or may pertain to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. A correspond- 2870ing configuration, e.g. scheduling configuration or symbol configuration may pertain tosuch channel, cell and / or carrier aggregation. It may be considered that the scheduledtransmission represents transmission on a physical channel, in particular a shared phys-ical channel, for example a physical uplink shared channel or physical downlink sharedchannel. For such channels, semi-persistent configuring may be particularly suitable. 2875Generally, a configuration may be a configuration indicating timing, and / or be representedor configured with corresponding configuration data. A configuration may be embeddedin, and / or comprised in, a message or configuration or corresponding data, which mayindicate and / or schedule resources, in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically.A control region of a transmission timing structure may be an interval in time and / or 2880frequency domain for intended or scheduled or reserved for control signalling, in particulardownlink control signalling, and / or for a specific control channel, e.g. a physical downlinkcontrol channel like PDCCH. The interval may comprise, and / or consist of, a number ofsymbols in time, which may be configured or configurable, e.g. by (UE-specific) dedicatedsignalling (which may be single-cast, for example addressed to or intended for a specific 2885UE), e.g. on a PDCCH, or RRC signalling, or on a multicast or broadcast channel.In general, the transmission timing structure may comprise a control region covering aconfigurable number of symbols. It may be considered that in general the border symbol isconfigured to be after the control region in time. A control region may be associated, e.g.via configuration and / or determination, to one or more specific UEs and / or formats of 2890PDCCH and / or DCI and / or identifiers, e.g. UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cellidentifiers, and / or be represented and / or associated to a CORESET and / or a searchP111150WO01 80 / 91 space.The duration of a symbol (symbol time length or interval) of the transmission timingstructure may generally be dependent on a numerology and / or carrier, wherein the nu- 2895merology and / or carrier may be configurable. The numerology may be the numerologyto be used for the scheduled transmission.System information signalling may comprise and / or represent signalling indicating one ormore system parameters, in particular timing and / or synchronisation, and / or numerol-ogy and / or a system identity (e.g. beam identity and / or cell ID and / or node ID and / or 2900network ID). System information signalling may comprise broadcast signalling or multi-cast signalling; it may be beam-formed signalling, or non-beam-formed. In some cases,system information signalling may comprise synchronisation signalling, e.g. PSS and / orSSS, and / or reference signalling, e.g. DM-RS, and / or data signalling, e.g. on a broad-cast channel like PBCH, or on a data channel like PDSCH, e.g. suitable for broadcast 2905or multicast, or scrambled with an ID provided in earlier signalling or predefined in astandard. Such data signalling may comprise encoded information, e.g. with error detec-tion coding and / or error correction coding. System information signalling may compriseSystem Information, e.g. a Master Information Block (MIB) and / or one or more SystemInformation Blocks (SIB). System information signalling may be carried on a SSB beam; 2910in some cases, different parts of system information may be transmitted in different sig-nallings. For example, a MIB may be transmitted with signalling on a broadcast channellike PBCH and / or with synchronisation signalling (like a SSB), while a SIB1 or otherSIBn may be transmitted on a data channel, e.g. a PDSCH, which may be scheduledwith a corresponding control channel message like a DCI (such transmission may may 2915singlecast, multi-cast / groupcast, or broadcast).A transmission timing structure may comprise a plurality of symbols, and / or define aninterval comprising several symbols (respectively their associated time intervals). In thecontext of this disclosure, it should be noted that a reference to a symbol for ease of ref-erence may be interpreted to refer to the time domain projection or time interval or time 2920component or duration or length in time of the symbol, unless it is clear from the contextthat the frequency domain component also has to be considered. Examples of transmis-sion timing structures include slot, subframe, mini-slot (which also may be considered asubstructure of a slot), slot aggregation (which may comprise a plurality of slots and maybe considered a superstructure of a slot), respectively their time domain component. A 2925transmission timing structure may generally comprise a plurality of symbols defining thetime domain extension (e.g., interval or length or duration) of the transmission timingstructure, and arranged neighboring to each other in a numbered sequence. A timingP111150WO01 81 / 91structure (which may also be considered or implemented as synchronisation structure)may be defined by a succession of such transmission timing structures, which may for 2930example define a timing grid with symbols representing the smallest grid structures. Atransmission timing structure, and / or a border symbol or a scheduled transmission maybe determined or scheduled in relation to such a timing grid. A transmission timingstructure of reception may be the transmission timing structure in which the schedulingcontrol signalling is received, e.g. in relation to the timing grid. A transmission timing 2935structure may in particular be a slot or subframe or in some cases, a mini-slot.Feedback signalling may be considered a form or control signalling, e.g. uplink or sidelinkcontrol signalling, like UCI (Uplink Control Information) signalling or SCI (Sidelink Con-trol Information) signalling. Feedback signalling may in particular comprise and / or rep-resent acknowledgement signalling and / or acknowledgement information and / or measure- 2940ment reporting.Signalling utilising, and / or on and / or associated to, resources or a resource structure maybe signalling covering the resources or structure, signalling on the associated frequency / iesand / or in the associated time interval / s. It may be considered that a signalling resourcestructure comprises and / or encompasses one or more substructures, which may be as- 2945sociated to one or more different channels and / or types of signalling and / or compriseone or more holes (resource element / s not scheduled for transmissions or reception oftransmissions). A resource substructure, e.g. a feedback resource structure, may gener-ally be continuous in time and / or frequency, within the associated intervals. It may beconsidered that a substructure, in particular a feedback resource structure, represents a 2950rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However,in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, in particular a frequency resourcerange, may represent a non-continuous pattern of resources in one or more domains, e.g.time and / or frequency. The resource elements of a substructure may be scheduled forassociated signalling. 2955Example types of signalling comprise signalling of a specific communication direction, inparticular, uplink signalling, downlink signalling, sidelink signalling, as well as referencesignalling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signalling, control signalling,and / or signalling associated to a specific channel like PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH,PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.). 2960In the context of this disclosure, there may be distinguished between dynamically sched-uled or aperiodic transmission and / or configuration, and semi-static or semi-persistent orperiodic transmission and / or configuration. The term “dynamic” or similar terms maygenerally pertain to configuration / transmission valid and / or scheduled and / or configuredP111150WO01 82 / 91for (relatively) short timescales and / or a (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or lim- 2965ited and / or definite) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, e.g.one or more transmission timing structures like slots or slot aggregations, and / or for oneor more (e.g., specific number) of transmission / occurrences. Dynamic configuration maybe based on low-level signalling, e.g. control signalling on the physical layer and / or MAClayer, in particular in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static may pertain to longer 2970timescales, e.g. several slots and / or more than one frame, and / or a non-defined numberof occurrences, e.g., until a dynamic configuration contradicts, or until a new periodicconfiguration arrives. A periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on, and / or beconfigured with, higher-layer signalling, in particular RCL layer signalling and / or RRCsignalling and / or MAC signalling. 2975In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are setforth (such as particular network functions, processes and signalling steps) in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the technique presented herein. It will be apparentto one skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be practised in othervariants and variants that depart from these specific details. 2980For example, the concepts and variants are partially described in the context of LongTerm Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or New Radio mobile or wireless com-munications technologies; however, this does not rule out the use of the present conceptsand aspects in connection with additional or alternative mobile communication technolo-gies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards as 2985IEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11 ay. While described variants may pertain to certain Tech-nical Specifications (TSs) of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will beappreciated that the present approaches, concepts and aspects could also be realized inconnection with different Performance Management (PM) specifications.Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions and steps 2990explained herein may be implemented using software functioning in conjunction with aprogrammed microprocessor, or using an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC),a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or generalpurpose computer. It will also be appreciated that while the variants described hereinare elucidated in the context of methods and devices, the concepts and aspects presented 2995herein may also be embodied in a program product as well as in a system comprisingcontrol circuitry, e.g. a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor,wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products thatexecute the services, functions and steps disclosed herein.It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variants presented herein will be fully 3000P111150WO01 83 / 91understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changesmay be made in the form, constructions and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereofwithout departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or withoutsacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspects presented herein can be varied inmany ways. 3005P111150WO01 84 / 91Some useful abbreviations compriseAbbreviation ExplanationABF Analog beamformer, fanout to antenna+beamformingACK / NACK Acknowledgment / Negative AcknowledgementAnt AntennaARQ Automatic Repeat reQuestBB BaseBandBeamindex IF beamindex interfaceBER Bit Error RateBI Beam IndexBLER Block Error RateBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBWP BandWidth PartCAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross CorrelationCB Code BlockCBB Code Block BundleCBG Code Block GroupCDM Code Division MultiplexCE Control Element, in particular for the MAC layerCM Cubic MetricComm RXBB communication receiver basebandCORESET Control Resource SetCP Cyclic PrefixCP rem CP removalCQI Channel Quality InformationCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRS Common reference signalCSI Channel State InformationCSI-RS Channel state information reference signalDAI Downlink Assignment IndicatorDCI Downlink Control InformationDFE Digital FrontendDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDFTS-FDM DFT-spread-FDMDM(-)RS Demodulation reference signal(ing)eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBandFDD Frequency Division DuplexP111150WO01 85 / 91FDE Frequency Domain EqualisationFDF Frequency Domain FilteringFDM Frequency Division MultiplexFFT Fast Fourier TransformGPIO General Purpose Input OutputHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat RequestIAB Integrated Access and BackhaulIE Information Element, in particular for RRC layerIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformIm Imaginary part, e.g. for pi / 2*BPSK modulationIR Impulse ResponseISI Inter Symbol InterferenceJCAS Joint Communication and SensingMBB Mobile BroadbandMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMIMO Multiple-input-multiple-outputMRC Maximum-ratio combiningMRT Maximum-ratio transmissionMU-MIMO Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-outputOFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessPAPR Peak to Average Power RatioPDCCH Physical Downlink Control ChannelPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access CHannelPRB Physical Resource BlockPUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel(P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control ChannelPSS Primary Synchronisation Signal(ing)PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference signalling(P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared ChannelQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationOCC Orthogonal Cover CodeQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingPCI Physical Cell IdentityPSD Power Spectral DensityRAN Radio Access NetworkRAT Radio Access TechnologyP111150WO01 86 / 91RB Resource BlockRE Resource ElementRe Real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK) modulationRF Radio FrequencyRNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentifierRO Random Access Occasion or Opportunity; e.g., time / frequencyresources indicated fo RA preamble transmissionRRC Radio Resource ControlRX Receiver, Reception, Reception-related / sideSA Scheduling AssignmentSBFD Subband Full DuplexSC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain EqualisationSC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessSCI Sidelink Control InformationSCS Subcarrier SpacingSDT Small Data TransmissionSINR Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratioSIR Signal-to-interference ratioSNR Signal-to-noise-ratioSPI Serial to Parallel InterfaceSR Scheduling RequestSRS Sounding Reference Signal(ing)SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal(ing)SVD Singular-value decompositionTB Transport BlockTDD Time Division DuplexTDM Time Division MultiplexT-RS Tracking Reference signalling or Timing Reference signallingTX Transmitter, Transmission, Transmission-related / sideUCI Uplink Control InformationUDC Up-Down Converter, mixing from BB¡-¿RFUE User EquipmentURLLC Ultra Low Latency High Reliability CommunicationVL-MIMO Very-large multiple-input-multiple-outputWD Wireless DeviceWfg Waveform GeneratorZC Zadoff-ChuZF Zero ForcingP111150WO01 87 / 91ZP Zero-Power, e.g. muted CSI-RS symbolAbbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage if applicable.P111150WO01 88 / 91

Claims

CLAIMS1. Method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method 3010comprising transmitting random access signalling at a transmission random access oppor-tunity based on a first random access configuration indicating a set of first random accessopportunities, and based on a second random access configuration indicating a set of sec-ond random access opportunities, wherein the transmission random access opportunity isa first random access opportunity or a second random access opportunity, and is further 3015determined based on a selection indication.

2. Wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being adaptedfor transmitting random access signalling at a transmission random access opportunitybased on a first random access configuration indicating a set of first random access op-portunities, and based on a second random access configuration indicating a set of second 3020random access opportunities, wherein the transmission random access opportunity is afirst random access opportunity or a second random access opportunity, and is furtherdetermined based on a selection indication.

3. Method of operating a network node in a wireless communication network, the methodcomprising receiving, from a wireless device, random access signalling at a transmission 3025random access opportunity according to a first random access configuration indicating aset of first random access opportunities, and according to a second random access config-uration indicating a set of second random access opportunities, wherein the transmissionrandom access opportunity is a first random access opportunity or a second random accessopportunity, and is determined based on a selection indication transmitted to the wireless 3030device.

4. Network node for a wireless communication network, the network node being adaptedfor receiving, from a wireless device, random access signalling at a transmission randomaccess opportunity according to a first random access configuration indicating a set offirst random access opportunities, and according to a second random access configuration 3035indicating a set of second random access opportunities, wherein the transmission randomaccess opportunity is a first random access opportunity or a second random access op-portunity, and is determined based on a selection indication transmitted to the wirelessdevice.

5. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmission 3040random access opportunity is determined based on validating one or more of the firstrandom access opportunities and / or second random access opportunities.P111150WO01 89 / 916. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection in-dication indicates enabling and / or activation of the first and / or second random accessconfiguration and / or of one or more of the first and / or second random access opportu- 3045nities, and / or indicates disabling and / or deactivation of the first and / or second randomaccess configuration and / or of one or more of the first and / or second random accessopportunities.

7. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection indi-cation indicates prioritisation of the first or second random access configuration, and / or 3050the first random access opportunities or second random access opportunities.

8. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the selectionindication indicates escalation of retransmissions of random access signalling, in particularindicating in which order power ramping and selection of first or second random accessopportunity is performed for retransmissions. 30559. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the selectionindication indicates a repetition mode of random access opportunities for retransmissions.

10. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the selectionindication comprises a bitmap indicating activation or deactivation of specific randomaccess opportunities and / or time intervals for which random access opportunities are 3060activated or deactivated.

11. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second randomaccess configuration pertains to Subband Full Duplex, SBFD, operation.

12. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmissionrandom access opportunity is a random access opportunity determined valid. 306513. Program product comprising instructions causing processing circuitry to controland / or perform a method according to one of claims 1, or 3, or one of claims 5 to 12.

14. Carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product accordingto claim 13.P111150WO01 90 / 91

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