Behavior of uplink transmission extension timer for connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period
By reporting GNSS validity duration during C-DRX non-active periods, the UE and network maintain aligned understanding of the T390 timer status, addressing misalignment issues in non-terrestrial networks and ensuring consistent uplink transmission.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/092446
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
In non-terrestrial networks, user equipment (UE) is not allowed to transmit in uplink when its global navigation satellite system (GNSS) position is out-of-date, leading to potential misalignment in pre-compensation, and existing solutions like the T390 timer lack clear communication between the UE and the network regarding GNSS validity duration.
The UE performs a GNSS measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) non-active period and reports the remaining GNSS validity duration to the access node, allowing the network to determine whether the T390 timer should be stopped or if the UE should refrain from autonomous measurements or mode changes.
Ensures synchronized understanding between the UE and the network about the T390 timer status, preventing unnecessary autonomous actions and maintaining consistent uplink transmission alignment.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024092446_13112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BEHAVIOR OF UPLINK TRANSMISSION EXTENSION TIMER FOR CONNECTED-MODE DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION NON-ACTIVE PERIODFIELD
[0001] The following example embodiments relate to wireless communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] For communicating in a non-terrestrial network, when the position of a user equipment (UE) is out-of-date, the UE is in principle not allowed to transmit in uplink, because it is expected that the pre-compensation will be incorrect. However, if the network determines that the UE is pre-compensating accurately, the network can configure the UE with a T390 timer for uplink transmission extension. This allows the UE to continue uplink transmissions after the position is out-of-date.SUMMARY
[0003] The scope of protection sought for various example embodiments is set out by the claims. The example embodiments and features, if any, described in this specification that do not fall under the scope of the claims are to be interpreted as examples useful for understanding various embodiments.
[0004] According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: start a timer for uplink transmission extension; perform a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; transmit, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; determine whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and stop the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or refrain from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refrain from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0005] According to another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and determine, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
[0006] According to another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for starting a timer for uplink transmission extension; means for performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; means for transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; means for determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and means for stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or means for refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0007] According to another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and means for determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
[0008] According to another aspect, there is provided a method comprising: starting a timer for uplink transmission extension; performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0009] According to another aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
[0010] According to another aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: starting a timer for uplink transmission extension; performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0011] According to another aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
[0012] According to another aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: starting a timer for uplink transmission extension; performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0013] According to another aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
[0014] According to another aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: starting a timer for uplink transmission extension; performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; and stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; or refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.
[0015] According to another aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; and determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In the following, various example embodiments will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication network;
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a signal flow diagram;
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a signal flow diagram;
[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a signal flow diagram;
[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart;
[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart;
[0023] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart;
[0024] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an apparatus; and
[0025] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an apparatus.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following embodiments are exemplifying. Although the specification may refer to “an” , “one” , or “some” embodiment (s) in several locations of the text, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is made to the same embodiment (s) , or that a particular feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments within the scope of the claims. Furthermore, the words "comprising" and "including" should be understood as not limiting the described embodiments to consist of only those features that have been mentioned, and such embodiments may also contain features that have not been specifically mentioned. Reference numbers, in the description and / or in the claims, serve to illustrate the embodiments with reference to the drawings, without limiting the embodiments to these examples only.
[0027] Some example embodiments described herein may be implemented in a wireless communication network comprising a radio access network based on one or more of the following radio access technologies (RATs) : global system for mobile communications (GSM) or any other second generation (2G) radio access technology, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS, 3G) based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) , enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , fourth generation (4G) , fifth generation (5G) , 5G new radio (NR) , 5G-Advanced (i.e., 3GPP NR Rel-18 and beyond) , or sixth generation (6G) . Some examples of radio access networks include the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio access network (UTRAN) , the evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRA) , or the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) . The wireless communication network may further comprise a core network, and some example embodiments may also be applied to network functions of the core network.
[0028] It should be noted that the embodiments are not restricted to the wireless communication network given as an example, but a person skilled in the art may also apply the solution to other wireless communication networks or systems provided with necessary properties. For example, some example embodiments may also be applied to a communication system based on IEEE 802.11 specifications, or a communication system based on IEEE 802.15 specifications. IEEE is an abbreviation for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
[0029] FIG. i depicts an example of a simplified wireless communication network showing some physical and logical entities. The connections shown in FIG. 1 may be physical connections or logical connections. It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the wireless communication network may also comprise other physical and logical entities than those shown in FIG. 1.
[0030] The example embodiments described herein are not, however, restricted to the wireless communication network given as an example but a person skilled in the art may apply the example embodiments described herein to other wireless communication networks provided with necessary properties.
[0031] The example wireless communication network shown in FIG. 1 includes a radio access network (RAN) and a core network 110.
[0032] FIG. 1 shows user equipment (UE) 100, 102 configured to be in a wireless connection on one or more communication channels in a radio cell with an access node 104 of a radio access network.
[0033] The access node 104 may comprise a computing device configured to control the radio resources of the access node 104 and to be in a wireless connection with one or more UEs 100, 102. The access node 104 may also be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , an access point, a cell site, a network node, a radio access network node, or a RAN node.
[0034] The access node 104 may be, for example, an evolved NodeB (abbreviated as eNB or eNodeB) , or a next generation evolved NodeB (abbreviated as ng-eNB) , or a next generation NodeB (abbreviated as gNB or gNodeB) , providing the radio cell. The access node 104 may include or be coupled to transceivers. From the transceivers of the access node 104, a connection may be provided to an antenna unit that establishes a bi-directional radio link to one or more UEs 100, 102. The antenna unit may comprise an antenna or antenna element, or a plurality of antennas or antenna elements.
[0035] The wireless connection (e.g., radio link) from a UE 100, 102 to the access node 104 may be called uplink (UL) or reverse link, and the wireless connection (e.g., radio link) from the access node 104 to the UE 100, 102 may be called downlink (DL) or forward link. A UE 100 may also communicate directly with another UE 102, and vice versa, via a wireless connection generally referred to as a sidelink (SL) . It should be appreciated that the access node 104 or its functionalities may be implemented by using any node, host, server, access point or other entity suitable for providing such functionalities.
[0036] The radio access network may comprise more than one access node 104, in which case the access nodes may also be configured to communicate with one another over wired or wireless links. These links between access nodes may be used for sending and receiving control plane signaling and also for routing data from one access node to another access node.
[0037] The access node 104 may further be connected to a core network (CN) 110. The core network 110 may comprise an evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or a 5th generation core network (5GC) . The EPC may comprise network entities, such as a serving gateway (S-GW for routing and forwarding data packets) , a packet data network gateway (P-GW) for providing connectivity of UEs to external packet data networks, and / or a mobility management entity (MME) . The 5GC may comprise one or more network functions, such as at least one of: a user plane function (UPF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a location management function (LMF) , and / or a session management function (SMF) .
[0038] The core network 110 may also be able to communicate with one or more external networks 113, such as a public switched telephone network or the Internet, or utilize services provided by them. For example, in 5G wireless communication networks, the UPF of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network via an N6 interface. In LTE wireless communication networks, the P-GW of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network.
[0039] It should also be understood that the distribution of functions between core network operations and access node operations may differ in future wireless communication networks compared to that of the LTE or 5G, or even be non-existent.
[0040] The illustrated UE 100, 102 is one type of an apparatus to which resources on the air interface may be allocated and assigned. The UE 100, 102 may also be called a wireless communication device, a subscriber unit, a mobile station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a terminal device, or a user device, just to mention but a few names. The UE 100, 102 may be a computing device operating with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM) , including, but not limited to, the following types of computing devices: a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a handset, a computing device comprising a wireless modem (e.g., an alarm or measurement device, etc. ) , a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet, a game console, a notebook, a multimedia device, a reduced capability (RedCap) device, a wearable device (e.g., a watch, earphones or eyeglasses) with radio parts, a sensor comprising a wireless modem, or a computing device comprising a wireless modem integrated in a vehicle.
[0041] It should be appreciated that the UE 100, 102 may also be a nearly exclusive uplink-only device, of which an example may be a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network. The UE 100, 102 may also be a device having capability to operate in an Internet of Things (IoT) network, which is a scenario in which objects may be provided with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
[0042] The wireless communication network may also be able to support the usage of cloud services. For example, at least part of core network operations may be carried out as a cloud service (this is depicted in FIG. 1 by “cloud” 114) . The UE 100, 102 may also utilize the cloud 114. In some applications, the computation for a given UE may be carried out in the cloud 114 or in another UE.
[0043] The wireless communication network may also comprise a central control entity, such as a network management system (NMS) , or the like. The NMS is a centralized suite of software and hardware used to monitor, control, and administer the network infrastructure. The NMS is responsible for a wide range of tasks such as fault management, configuration management, security management, performance management, and accounting management. The NMS enables network operators to efficiently manage and optimize network resources, ensuring that the network delivers high performance, reliability, and security.
[0044] 5G enables using multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in the access node 104 and / or the UE 100, 102, many more base stations or access nodes than an LTE network (a so-called small cell concept) , including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and employing a variety of radio technologies depending on service needs, use cases and / or spectrum available. 5G wireless communication networks may support a wide range of use cases and related applications including video streaming, augmented reality, different ways of data sharing and various forms of machine-type applications, such as (massive) machine-type communications (mMTC) , including vehicular safety, different sensors and real-time control.
[0045] In 5G wireless communication networks, access nodes and / or UEs may have multiple radio interfaces, such as below 6 gigahertz (GHz) , centimeter wave (cmWave) and millimeter wave (mmWave) , and also being integrable with legacy radio access technologies, such as LTE. Integration with LTE may be implemented, for example, as a system, where macro coverage may be provided by LTE, and 5G radio interface access may come from small cells by aggregation to LTE. In other words, a 5G wireless communication network may support both inter-RAT operability (such as interoperability between LTE and 5G) and inter-RI operability (inter-radio interface operability, such as between below 6GHz, cmWave, and mmWave) .
[0046] 5G wireless communication networks may also apply network slicing, in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) may be created within the same physical infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
[0047] In one embodiment, an access node 104 may comprise: a radio unit (RU) 103 comprising a radio transceiver (TRX) , i.e., a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx) ; one or more distributed units (DUs) 105 that may be used for the so-called Layer 1 (L1) processing and real-time Layer 2 (L2) processing; and a central unit (CU) 108 (also known as a centralized unit) that may be used for non-real-time L2 and Layer 3 (L3) processing. The CU 108 may be connected to the one or more DUs 105 for example via an F1 interface. Such an embodiment of the access node 104 may enable the centralization of CUs relative to the cell sites and DUs, whereas DUs may be more distributed and may even remain at cell sites. The CU and DU together may also be referred to as baseband or a baseband unit (BBU) . The CU and DU may also be comprised in a radio access point (RAP) .
[0048] The CU 108 may be a logical node hosting radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) and / or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , of the NR protocol stack for an access node 104. The CU 108 may comprise a control plane (CU-CP) , which may be a logical node hosting the RRC and the control plane part of the PDCP protocol of the NR protocol stack for the access node 104. The CU 108 may further comprise a user plane (CU-UP) , which may be a logical node hosting the user plane part of the PDCP protocol and the SDAP protocol of the CU for the access node 104.
[0049] The DU 105 may be a logical node hosting radio link control (RLC) , medium access control (MAC) and / or physical (PHY) layers of the NR protocol stack for the access node 104. The operations of the DU 105 may be at least partly controlled by the CU 108. It should also be understood that the distribution of functions between the DU 105 and the CU 108 may vary depending on the implementation.
[0050] Cloud computing systems may also be used to provide the CU 108 and / or DU 105. A CU provided by a cloud computing system may be referred to as a virtualized CU (vCU) . In addition to the vCU, there may also be a virtualized DU (vDU) provided by a cloud computing system. Furthermore, there may also be a combination, where the DU may be implemented on so-called bare metal solutions, for example application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or customer-specific standard product (CSSP) system-on-a-chip (SoC) .
[0051] Edge cloud may be brought into the radio access network by utilizing network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined networking (SDN) . Using edge cloud may mean access node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a computing system operationally coupled to a remote radio head (RRH) or a radio unit (RU) 103 of an access node 104. It is also possible that access node operations may be performed on a distributed computing system or a cloud computing system located at the access node 104. Application of cloud RAN architecture enables RAN real-time functions being carried out at the radio access network (e.g., in a DU 105) , and non-real-time functions being carried out in a centralized manner (e.g., in a CU 108) .
[0052] 5G (or new radio, NR) wireless communication networks may support multiple hierarchies, where multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers may be placed between the core network 110 and the access node 104. It should be appreciated that MEC may be applied in LTE wireless communication networks as well.
[0053] It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the access node 104 depicted in FIG. 1 is just an example of a part of a radio access network, and in practice the radio access network may comprise a plurality of access nodes 104, the UEs 100, 102 may have access to a plurality of radio cells, and the radio access network may also comprise other apparatuses, such as physical layer relay access nodes or other entities. At least one of the access nodes may be a Home eNodeB or a Home gNodeB. A Home gNodeB or a Home eNodeB is a type of access node that may be used to provide indoor coverage inside a home, office, or other indoor environment.
[0054] Additionally, in a geographical area of a radio access network, a plurality of different kinds of radio cells as well as a plurality of radio cells may be provided. Radio cells may be macro cells (or umbrella cells) which may be large cells having a diameter of up to tens of kilometers, or smaller cells such as micro-, femto-or picocells. The access node (s) 104 of FIG. 1 may provide any kind of these cells. A cellular radio network may be implemented as a multilayer access networks including several kinds of radio cells. In multilayer access networks, one access node may provide one kind of a radio cell or radio cells, and thus a plurality of access nodes may be needed to provide such a multilayer access network.
[0055] For fulfilling the need for improving performance of radio access networks, the concept of “plug-and-play” access nodes may be introduced. A radio access network, which may be able to use “plug-and-play” access nodes, may include, in addition to Home eNodeBs or Home gNodeBs, a Home Node B gateway (HNB-GW) (not shown in FIG. 1) . An HNB-GW, which may be installed within an operator’s radio access network, may aggregate traffic from a large number of Home eNodeBs or Home gNodeBs back to a core network 110 of the operator.
[0056] 6G wireless communication networks are expected to adopt flexible decentralized and / or distributed computing systems and architecture and ubiquitous computing, with local spectrum licensing, spectrum sharing, infrastructure sharing, and intelligent automated management underpinned by mobile edge computing, artificial intelligence, short-packet communication and blockchain technologies. Key features of 6G may include intelligent connected management and control functions, programmability, integrated sensing and communication, reduction of energy footprint, trustworthy infrastructure, scalability and affordability. In addition to these, 6G is also targeting new use cases covering the integration of localization and sensing capabilities into system definition to unifying user experience across physical and digital worlds.
[0057] The wireless communication network (e.g., 5G network or 6G network) may also comprise a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , such as a satellite communication network, to enhance or complement the coverage of the radio access network. For example, satellite communication may support the transfer of data between the 5G radio access network and the core network 110, enabling more extensive network coverage. Possible use cases may include: providing service continuity for machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices or for passengers on board of vehicles, or ensuring service availability for critical communications, and future railway, maritime, or aeronautical communications. Satellite communication may utilize geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite systems, or low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, such as mega-constellations (i.e., systems in which hundreds of (nano) satellites are deployed) . Alternatively, the satellites may be airborne devices, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , or a high-altitude platform system (HAPS) . A given satellite 106 may provide communication services on Earth via one or more satellite beams. The one or more satellite beams create one or more cells over a given service area that may be bounded by the field of view of the satellite 106.
[0058] In a transparent architecture of the non-terrestrial network, the access node (NTN gateway) 104 of the non-terrestrial network is located on ground (i.e., the base station 104 is on Earth) . In this case, the satellite 106 may just forward the signals it receives from the NTN gateway 104 to one or more UEs 100, 102, and vice versa (i.e., the satellite 106 acts as a repeater between the one or more UEs 100, 102 and the NTN gateway 104) . In the transparent architecture, there may be a feeder link between the satellite 106 and the ground-based NTN gateway 104, as well as a service link between the satellite 106 and the one or more UEs 100, 102 within the targeted service area. The transparent architecture may also be referred to as a transparent payload architecture.
[0059] Alternatively, in a regenerative architecture of the non-terrestrial network, the access node of the non-terrestrial network (i.e., partial or full base station functionality) is onboard the satellite 106 itself. In this architecture, no ground-based NTN gateway 104 or feeder link is needed. This means that the satellite 106 does more than just forwards signals; it can process the signals it receives, perform functions such as decoding, demodulation, and remodulation, and then transmit the processed signals to one or more UEs 100, 102 over the service link. The regenerative architecture may also be referred to as having regenerative payloads.
[0060] The one or more UEs 100, 102 may have global navigation satellite system (GNSS) support. The GNSS is a network of satellites that transmit positioning and timing data to GNSS receivers (e.g., UEs 100, 102) , located on or near the Earth’s surface. These receivers (e.g., UEs 100, 102) then use this data to determine their position (i.e., location) . The global positioning system (GPS) is an example of a GNSS. It should be noted that the NTN satellite 106 may be separate from the GNSS satellites.
[0061] For example, the GNSS satellites may be distributed in medium Earth orbit (MEO) , approximately 20,000 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. The GNSS satellites may be arranged so that at least four satellites are visible from any point on the Earth’s surface at any given time. This visibility allows the UE 100, 102 to calculate the precise time delay for signals received from a given GNSS satellite, and thus the distance from the UE 100, 102 to the GNSS satellite. With distances to at least four satellites known, the UE 100, 102 can determine the GNSS position of the UE 100, 102 in three dimensions.
[0062] For the serving cell in a non-terrestrial communication network, the network (e.g., the NTN gateway 104 or the satellite 106) may broadcast ephemeris information (i.e., trajectory of the satellite 106) and common timing advance (TA) parameters. The ephemeris information indicates the position of the satellite 106 with respect to time. The UE 100, 102 should have a valid GNSS position as well as the ephemeris information and common TA before connecting to an NTN cell. To achieve synchronization, before and during connection to an NTN cell, the UE 100, 102 should pre-compensate the timing advance by considering the common TA, the GNSS position of the UE 100, 102, and the NTN payload position through the ephemeris information. The timing advance is an amount of time that the UE 100, 102 uses to adjust, or advance, the timing of the uplink frame in order to have alignment with the downlink frame in time domain. Pre-compensation refers to the adjustments made by the UE 100, 102 to its signal transmission to achieve synchronization with the NTN cell (e.g., to mitigate the Doppler shift experienced on the service link) .
[0063] For example, the UE 100, 102 may compute the frequency Doppler shift of the service link between the UE 100, 102 and the satellite 106, and pre-compensate for it in the uplink transmissions, by considering the UE position and the ephemeris of the satellite 106. In another example, the UE 100, 102 may compute the time shift of the service link between the UE 100, 102 and the satellite 106, and the feeder link between the satellite 106 and the NTN gateway 104. Ifthe UE 100, 102 does not have valid ephemeris and common TA, it may not transmit until they are regained. If the GNSS position becomes out-dated, the UE 100, 102 should not transmit unless configured with uplink transmission extension that is active.
[0064] In connected (RRC_CONNECTED) mode, the UE 100, 102 should continuously update the timing advance and frequency pre-compensation. The UE 100, 102 may be triggered to perform, or configured to autonomously perform, GNSS acquisition. In connected mode, upon outdated ephemeris and common timing advance, the UE 100, 102 should acquire the broadcasted parameters. Upon failed GNSS acquisition, the UE 100, 102 may move to idle (RRC_IDLE) mode, ifthe GNSS position is outdated and uplink transmission extension is not active. Upon outdated GNSS position, the UE 100, 102 may move to idle mode, unless GNSS acquisition was triggered or uplink transmission extension is active. Upon completing the GNSS acquisition, the UE 100, 102 may trigger reporting of the remaining GNSS validity duration.
[0065] A GNSS validity duration defines the period of time when the GNSS position of the UE 100, 102 is expected to be valid. In other words, when the GNSS validity duration expires, this means that the GNSS position of the UE 100, 102 is out-of-date. For example, a stationary UE or a pedestrian UE can expect a long GNSS validity duration because the position change is small, while a fast-moving UE (e.g., on a car, train, or airplane) will have a shorter GNSS validity duration because of the fast movement.
[0066] When the position of the UE 100, 102 is out-of-date (i.e., the GNSS validity duration has expired) , the UE 100, 102 is in principle not allowed to transmit in uplink, because it is expected that the pre-compensation will be incorrect. However, if the network determines that the UE 100, 102 is pre-compensating accurately, the network can configure the UE with a T390 timer for uplink transmission extension. In other words, the T390 timer is a feature that the network can configure if it determines that the UE’s uplink transmission is well aligned in time and frequency. This allows the UE 100, 102 to continue uplink transmissions after the GNSS position of the UE 100, 102 is out-of-date. For example, this may be the case ifthe UE 100, 102 is stationary (not moving) , which means that the previously reported GNSS position is still valid and thus can be used for the pre-compensation (even if the GNSS validity duration has expired) .
[0067] In this description, the terms “T390 timer” and “a timer for uplink transmission extension” may be used interchangeably. Herein the T390 timer refers to the timer T390 defined in the 3GPP specifications (e.g., TS 36.331) . The T390 timer may also be referred to as an uplink transmission extension timer, or merely a timer. Upon indication that the GNSS position has become out-of-date while in RRC_CONNECTED, if ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled is configured and if timeAlignmentTimer is configured to be infinity, the UE may start timer T390 with the timer value set to ul-TransmissionExtensionValue, and the UE may later restart timer T390 (before it expires) upon indication from lower layers to extend the UL transmission (extend the time during which the UE is allowed to transmit in uplink) .
[0068] Otherwise, if timeAlignmentTimer is not configured to be infinity, the UE may start timer T390 with the timer value set to the remaining time of timeAlignmentTimer, and the UE may later restart timer T390 (before it expires) upon indication from lower layers to extend the UL transmission, with the timer value set to the remaining time of timeAlignmentTimer. The timeAlignmentTimer (TAT) is a UE-specific timer defined in the MAC layer to account for the validity of the timing advance, i.e., the UE being uplink time aligned. The UE starts the TAT based on certain conditions and therefore it will have a remaining value at some later point in time. The UE can internally check the remaining value.
[0069] In other words, upon expiry of the GNSS validity duration (if ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled is configured) , the UE may start timer T390, and the cell may then trigger further extensions (i.e., restart of T390) by use of a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .
[0070] The T390 timer may be stopped upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED mode, or upon reception of network triggered GNSS measurement.
[0071] If timer T390 expires and no indication of network-triggered GNSS measurement has been received from lower layers, the UE may perform an autonomous GNSS measurement if configured. If not configured to perform autonomous GNSS measurement, the UE may move to RRC_IDLE mode upon T390 expiry. The GNSS measurement means estimating the position (location) of the UE based on signals received from GNSS satellites. In the current specifications, the duration of the T390 timer may be in the range of 0.5 seconds to 10 seconds.
[0072] The UE may be configured to perform a GNSS measurement in a GNSS measurement gap based on network triggering, or the UE may be configured to autonomously start the GNSS measurement at expiry of the GNSS validity duration or at expiry of the T390 timer. If an indication to perform GNSS measurement is received from lower layers, the UE may perform GNSS measurement using the measurement gap with a gap length indicated by lower layers, and stop the timer T390, if running. If gnss-AutonomousEnabled is configured, the UE may perform GNSS measurement using an autonomous gap starting from T390 expiry if ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled is configured. Otherwise, the UE may start GNSS measurement from GNSS validity duration expiry, with a gap length indicated by lower layers or equal to the latest reported time duration required for the UE to acquire a GNSS position if not indicated by lower layers.
[0073] The UE may also autonomously start GNSS measurements during available idle periods in RRC_CONNECTED to keep GNSS valid. The exact time of starting GNSS measurements during available idle periods may be left to UE implementation.
[0074] For example, the UE may be allowed to perform a GNSS measurement during connected-mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) non-active periods. This is feasible, when the C-DRX cycle is sufficiently long to accommodate a GNSS measurement in between the C-DRX active periods (defined by the C-DRX on duration) .
[0075] C-DRX is a power-saving technique that allows the UE to periodically switch its communication function to a low-power mode while in connected mode. Without C-DRX, the UE would be awake all the time in order to decode downlink data, as the data in the downlink may arrive at any time. C-DRX introduces non-active periods ( ‘sleep’ states) and active periods ( ‘awake’ states) . During the ‘sleep’ state (off duration) , the UE does not need to monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , thus saving power. The UE wakes up during the ‘awake’ state (on duration) to monitor the PDCCH for possible downlink data.
[0076] When the UE performs the GNSS measurement during the C-DRX non-active period, the network (e.g., the serving cell of the UE) is unaware of the measurement until the UE has reported a new remaining GNSS validity duration. The UE may perform such a GNSS measurement before the T390 expiry, because the C-DRX cycle is sufficiently long to accommodate the GNSS measurement. It may be unclear when the UE shall stop T390 and how to ensure the UE and the cell have a common understanding of the T390 status.
[0077] For example, ifthe UE stops T390 while the cell is unaware of the stop, the cell may consider an autonomous measurement to start at expiry of the T390. This will waste time since the cell is not scheduling the UE during the autonomous measurement gap. Furthermore, the cell may consider the UE has left from RRC Connected upon expiry of the T390 if the cell did not receive the new remaining GNSS validity duration.
[0078] Therefore, the UE and cell having a common understanding of the T390 status would be beneficial to avoid a situation wherein the cell assumes that an autonomous GNSS measurement has started or the UE has moved to RRC Idle (changed state to RRC Idle) .
[0079] It has been agreed in the 3GPP community that the UE shall report the new remaining GNSS validity duration. Therefore, it can be discussed whether the UE shall stop the T390 based on the UE reporting the new remaining GNSS validity duration. For example, the UE may stop T390 when it receives an acknowledgement that the cell has received the new remaining GNSS validity duration reported by the UE, in case the UE performed a GNSS measurement during a C-DRX non-active period. In this way, the UE and the cell have a common understanding of the T390 status, regardless of when the UE decides to report the new remaining GNSS validity duration (e.g., during the C-DRX non-active period or active period) .
[0080] In some example embodiments, the UE stops the T390 when it receives an acknowledgement of the cell receiving the new remaining GNSS validity duration, when the UE performed a successful GNSS measurement during a C-DRX non-active period. If the T390 expires while the UE’s new remaining GNSS validity duration report is pending, the UE implementation can ensure not to start an autonomous measurement.
[0081] Upon indication that GNSS (i.e., the GNSS position of the UE) becomes valid, the UE may instruct lower layers to report the remaining GNSS measurement validity duration. If the GNSS measurement is triggered by the UE using available idle periods (e.g., C-DRX non-active period) , and if lower layers indicate the remaining GNSS measurement validity duration report has been successfully acknowledged, the UE may stop timer T390, if running.
[0082] The example embodiments described below ensure that the UE and its serving cell have a common understanding of when the T390 timer is stopped, in case the UE performs a GNSS measurement during a C-DRX non-active period. The example embodiments enable the UE to avoid starting an autonomous GNSS measurement, when the report for the new remaining GNSS validity duration is pending (i.e., when the UE has not yet transmitted the report) . For example, the UE may decide to postpone the transmission of the report for the new remaining GNSS validity duration until the C-DRX active period starts. Ifthe T390 expires before the UE has transmitted the report, the UE shall not start the autonomous measurement again, because it already has acquired a valid GNSS position.
[0083] FIG. 2 illustrates a signal flow diagram according to an example embodiment for defining when the UE stops the T390 timer.
[0084] Referring to FIG. 2, at 201, an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network (e.g., a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network) transmits a T390 configuration to a UE 100. The UE 100 may be configured to support NTN communication. The UE 100 receives the T390 configuration. The T390 configuration may comprise a configured value of a T390 timer for uplink transmission extension.The configured value indicates the duration of the T390 timer, e.g., the time period after which the T390 timer expires. The T390 configuration may further comprise an indication (e.g., ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled) to enable the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension.
[0085] The access node 104, 106 also transmits a C-DRX configuration to the UE 100, wherein the C-DRX configuration indicates one or more C-DRX non-active periods and one or more C-DRX active periods. The C-DRX configuration may be transmitted together with the T390 configuration or separately from the T390 configuration. The UE 100 receives the C-DRX configuration.
[0086] The access node 104, 106 may be a satellite 106 or a ground-based access node 104 controlling the serving cell of the UE 100.
[0087] At 202, the UE 100 starts the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension due to expiry of a GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 (i.e., due to the GNSS position of the UE 100 becoming out-of-date) . The UE 100 may start the T390 timer during a C-DRX active period or during a C-DRX non-active period. When started, the T390 timer may start counting down from the configured value towards zero as time passes.
[0088] At 203, the UE 100 performs a GNSS measurement during the C-DRX non-active period. The UE 100 may perform this GNSS measurement while the T390 timer is running. Alternatively, the UE 100 may perform the GNSS measurement before the T390 timer is started, and the T390 timer may start during this GNSS measurement (i.e., during the C-DRX non-active period) .
[0089] At 204, the UE 100 transmits, to the access node 104, 106, a report message indicating a remaining time of a (new) GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 after (or following) the GNSS measurement performed during the C-DRX non-active period. The UE 100 reports the new remaining GNSS validity duration that is started when the GNSS measurement has been completed during the C-DRX non-active period. The access node 104, 106 receives the report message.
[0090] For example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when the GNSS measurement has been completed successfully during the C-DRX non-active period.
[0091] As another example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when starting a C-DRX active period following the C-DRX non-active period during which the GNSS measurement has been performed.
[0092] At 205, the access node 104, 106 generates and transmits, to the UE 100, a response message to indicate an acknowledgement (ACK) that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message. The UE 100 receives the response message. As an example, the response message may comprise an RRC message indicating the ACK. As another example, the response message may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback indicating the ACK (HARQ ACK) .
[0093] At 206, based on receiving the response message before the T390 timer expires, the UE 100 determines that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message before the T390 timer expires.
[0094] At 207, the UE 100 stops the T390 timer based on receiving the response message, and based on determining that the T390 timer has not expired before the access node 104, 106 has received the report message (or before the UE 100 has received the response message) . In other words, the reception of the response message (i.e., the acknowledgement) causes the UE 100 to stop the T390 timer (if it is still running) . Stopping the T390 timer means that the UE 100 refrains from initiating an autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer. Otherwise, if the T390 timer is not stopped, the autonomous GNSS measurement would be initiated when the T390 timer expires or the UE 100 would leave RRC Connected mode.
[0095] At 208, based at least on receiving the report message and / or transmitting the response message, the access node 104, 106 determines that the UE 100 has stopped the T390 timer, i.e., that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating the autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer.
[0096] At 209, based on the determination of 208, the access node 104, 106 schedules radio resources to the UE 100 (e.g., for uplink and / or downlink communication) for a time period associated with the autonomous GNSS measurement that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating. This helps to avoid wasting time, since otherwise the access node 104, 106 could not schedule the UE 100 during the autonomous GNSS measurement gap.
[0097] FIG. 3 illustrates a signal flow diagram according to an example embodiment, where the T390 timer expires before the response message (acknowledgement) has been received.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 3, at 301, an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network (e.g., a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network) transmits a T390 configuration to a UE 100. The UE 100 may be configured to support NTN communication. The UE 100 receives the T390 configuration. The T390 configuration may comprise a configured value of a T390 timer for uplink transmission extension, wherein the configured value indicates the duration of the T390 timer, i.e., the time period after which the T390 timer expires. The T390 configuration may further comprise an indication (e.g., ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled) to enable the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension.
[0099] The access node 104, 106 also transmits a C-DRX configuration to the UE 100, wherein the C-DRX configuration indicates one or more C-DRX non-active periods and one or more C-DRX active periods. The C-DRX configuration may be transmitted together with the T390 configuration or separately from the T390 configuration. The UE 100 receives the C-DRX configuration.
[0100] The access node 104, 106 may be a satellite 106 or a ground-based access node 104 controlling the serving cell of the UE 100.
[0101] At 302, the UE 100 starts the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension due to expiry of a GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 (i.e., due to the GNSS position of the UE 100 becoming out-of-date) . The UE 100 may start the T390 timer during a C-DRX active period or during a C-DRX non-active period. When started, the T390 timer may start counting down from the configured value towards zero as time passes. The UE 100 may be in RRC connected mode while the T390 timer is running.
[0102] At 303, the UE 100 performs a GNSS measurement during the C-DRX non-active period. The UE 100 may perform this GNSS measurement while the T390 timer is running. Alternatively, the UE 100 may perform the GNSS measurement before the T390 timer is started, and the T390 timer may start during this GNSS measurement (i.e., during the C-DRX non-active period) .
[0103] At 304, the UE 100 transmits, to the access node 104, 106, a report message indicating a remaining time of a (new) GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 after (or following) the GNSS measurement performed during the C-DRX non-active period. In other words, the UE 100 reports the new remaining GNSS validity duration that is started when the GNSS measurement is completed during the C-DRX non-active period. The access node 104, 106 receives the report message.
[0104] For example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when the GNSS measurement has been completed successfully during the C-DRX non-active period.
[0105] As another example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when starting a C-DRX active period following the C-DRX non-active period in which the GNSS measurement is performed.
[0106] At 305, the UE 100 determines that the T390 timer expires before the access node 104, 106 has received the report message (or before a response message is received from the access node 104, 106 to indicate an acknowledgement that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message) .
[0107] At 306, if the autonomous GNSS measurement is configured to the UE 100 by the access node 104, 106 at 301, the UE 100 refrains from initiating an autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer (which the UE 100 would otherwise initiate when the T390 timer expires) , based on determining that the T390 timer has expired before the response message is received.
[0108] Alternatively, if the autonomous GNSS measurement is not configured to the UE 100 by the access node 104, 106 at 301, the UE 100 refrains from leaving the radio resource control connected (RRC_CONNECTED) mode (which the UE 100 would otherwise leave when the T390 timer expires) , based on determining that the T390 timer has expired before the response message is received. In other words, after the T390 timer expires, the UE 100 remains in RRC connected mode and does not switch to another RRC mode, such as RRC idle, RRC inactive, RRC suspend, or RRC resume. For example, the UE 100 may refrain from entering RRC idle mode, which the UE 100 would otherwise enter when the T390 timer expires.
[0109] At 307, the access node 104, 106 generates and transmits, to the UE 100, the response message to indicate the acknowledgement that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message. The UE 100 receives the response message. As an example, the response message may comprise an RRC message indicating the ACK. As another example, the response message may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback indicating the ACK (HARQ ACK) .
[0110] At 308, if the autonomous GNSS measurement is configured to the UE 100 by the access node 104, 106 at 301, the access node 104, 106 determines, based at least on receiving the report message, that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating the autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer.
[0111] Alternatively, if the autonomous GNSS measurement is not configured to the UE 100 by the access node 104, 106 at 301, the access node 104, 106 determines, based at least on receiving the report message, that the UE 100 is refraining from leaving the RRC_CONNECTED mode at expiry of the T390 timer. It is useful for the access node 104, 106 to know that the UE 100 is still in RRC_CONNECTED mode, so that the access node 104, 106 can then directly schedule the UE 100 instead of having to page the UE 100 first to switch, for example, from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED mode (thus reducing signaling overhead) .
[0112] At 309, based on the determination of 308, the access node 104, 106 schedules radio resources to the UE 100 (e.g., for uplink and / or downlink communication) for a time period associated with the autonomous GNSS measurement that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating (if the autonomous GNSS measurement is configured) , or for a time period during which the UE 100 is refraining from leaving the RRC_CONNECTED mode (if the autonomous GNSS measurement is not configured) .
[0113] FIG. 4 illustrates a signal flow diagram according to an example embodiment, where the acknowledgement is an implicit acknowledgement (instead of an explicit acknowledgement as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) .
[0114] Referring to FIG. 4, at 401, an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network (e.g., a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network) transmits a T390 configuration to a UE 100. The UE 100 may be configured to support NTN communication. The UE 100 receives the T390 configuration. The T390 configuration may comprise a configured value of a T390 timer for uplink transmission extension. The configured value indicates the duration of the T390 timer, e.g., the time period after which the T390 timer expires. The T390 configuration may further comprise an indication (e.g., ul-TransmissionExtensionEnabled) to enable the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension.
[0115] The access node 104, 106 also transmits a C-DRX configuration to the UE 100, wherein the C-DRX configuration indicates one or more C-DRX non-active periods and one or more C-DRX active periods. The C-DRX configuration may be transmitted together with the T390 configuration or separately from the T390 configuration. The UE 100 receives the C-DRX configuration.
[0116] The access node 104, 106 may be a satellite 106 or a ground-based access node 104 controlling the serving cell of the UE 100.
[0117] At 402, the UE 100 starts the T390 timer for uplink transmission extension due to expiry of a GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 (i.e., due to the GNSS position of the UE 100 becoming out-of-date) . The UE 100 may start the T390 timer during a C-DRX active period or during a C-DRX non-active period. When started, the T390 timer may start counting down from the configured value towards zero as time passes.
[0118] At 403, the UE 100 performs a GNSS measurement during the C-DRX non-active period. The UE 100 may perform this GNSS measurement while the T390 timer is running. Alternatively, the UE 100 may perform the GNSS measurement before the T390 timer is started, and the T390 timer may start during this GNSS measurement (i.e., during the C-DRX non-active period) .
[0119] At 404, the UE 100 transmits, to the access node 104, 106, a report message indicating a remaining time of a (new) GNSS validity duration of the UE 100 after (or following) the GNSS measurement performed during the C-DRX non-active period. The report message may comprise, for example, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmitted in physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) HARQ mode B. The UE 100 reports the new remaining GNSS validity duration that is started when the GNSS measurement has been completed during the C-DRX non-active period. The access node 104, 106 receives the report message.
[0120] For example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when the GNSS measurement has been completed successfully during the C-DRX non-active period.
[0121] As another example, the UE 100 may transmit the report message when starting a C-DRX active period following the C-DRX non-active period during which the GNSS measurement has been performed.
[0122] At 405, based at least on receiving the report message, the access node 104, 106 determines that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating an autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer.
[0123] At 406, based on the determination of 405, the access node 104, 106 schedules radio resources to the UE 100 (e.g., for uplink and / or downlink communication) for a time period associated with the autonomous GNSS measurement that the UE 100 is refraining from initiating. This helps to avoid wasting time, since otherwise the access node 104, 106 could not schedule the UE 100 during the autonomous GNSS measurement gap.
[0124] At 407, access node 104, 106 transmits, to the UE 100, downlink control information (DCI) with a new data indicator (NDI) toggled to indicate that new data is scheduled for the UE 100. This implicitly indicates that the report message (i.e., the previous data) was received correctly, since new data can be used in the specific HARQ process. If the NDI is not toggled, the UE 100 will have to retransmit the report message.
[0125] In other words, in this example embodiment, the access node 104, 106 may decide not to provide any explicit acknowledgement of receiving the report message, if the access node 104, 106 decodes the uplink packet (the report message) correctly. For example, this may happen if the report message (e.g., MAC CE) is transmitted in PUSCH HARQ mode B, where the HARQ feedback (e.g., HARQ ACK) is not expected. In this case, if the UE 100 receives the new DCI (which schedules the same HARQ process used for the transmission of the report message) , and the NDI is toggled, then the UE 100 may determine that the previous transmission of the report message was successful.
[0126] Another example of an implicit acknowledgement is when the UE 100 may determine that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message based on determining that no response message or ACK / NACK has been received in a predefined time period after a transmission of the report message to the access node 104, 106. NACK is an abbreviation for a negative acknowledgement.
[0127] At 408, based on receiving the DCI with the NDI toggled, the UE 100 determines, before the T390 timer expires, that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message.
[0128] At 409, the UE 100 stops the T390 timer based on determining that the T390 timer has not expired before the access node 104, 106 has received the report message. Stopping the T390 timer means that the UE 100 refrains from initiating the autonomous GNSS measurement associated with the T390 timer. Otherwise, if the T390 timer is not stopped, the autonomous GNSS measurement would be initiated when the T390 timer expires or the UE 100 would leave RRC Connected mode.
[0129] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method for defining behavior of an uplink transmission extension timer for C-DRX non-active periods. The method of FIG. 5 may be performed by an apparatus 800 depicted in FIG. 8. For example, the apparatus 800 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a user equipment (UE) 100. The UE 100 may be configured to support NTN communication (i.e., communication with a non-terrestrial network) .
[0130] Referring to FIG. S, in block 501, the apparatus 800 starts a timer for uplink transmission extension due to expiry of a global navigation satellite system validity duration. The timer may refer to the T390 timer described above.
[0131] In block 502, the apparatus 800 performs a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0132] In block 503, the apparatus 800 transmits, to an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus 800 after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period. The radio access network may be a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network.
[0133] For example, the report message may be transmitted based on successful completion of the global navigation satellite system measurement during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0134] As another example, the report message may be transmitted based on starting a connected-mode discontinuous reception active period following the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0135] In block 504, the apparatus 800 determines whether the timer has expired before the access node 104, 106 has received the report message (or before determining that that access node 104, 106 has received the report message) .
[0136] In block S0S, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node 104, 106 has received the report message (block 504: yes) , the apparatus 800 refrains from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer, or the apparatus 800 refrains from leaving a radio resource control connected mode. For example, the apparatus 800 may refrain from entering one of: RRC idle mode, RRC inactive mode, RRC suspend mode, or RRC resume mode.
[0137] Alternatively, in block 506, based on determining that the timer has not expired (block 504: no) , the apparatus 800 determines whether the access node 104, 106 has received the report message.
[0138] As an example, determining whether the access node 104, 106 has received the report message may be based on whether a response message has been received from the access node 104, 106 to indicate an acknowledgement (e.g., explicit ACK or an RRC message) that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message. If the response message (indicating ACK) has been received, then the apparatus 800 may determine that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message.
[0139] As another example, determining whether the access node 104, 106 has received the report message may be based on whether an implicit acknowledgement has been received from the access node 104, 106 to indicate that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message. For example, the implicit acknowledgement may refer to the DCI with new-data indicator, NDI, toggled, as described above with reference to FIG. 4. Ifthe implicit acknowledgement has been received, then the apparatus 800 may determine that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message.
[0140] Another example of an implicit acknowledgement is when the apparatus 800 may determine that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message based on determining that no response message or ACK / NACK has been received in a predefined time period after a transmission of the report message to the access node 104, 106.
[0141] For example, the determining of block 506 may comprise determining that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message, based on receiving a response message from the access node 104, 106 to indicate an acknowledgement that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message; or determining that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message, based on not receiving a response message from the access node 104, 106 in a predefined time period after the transmission of the report message.
[0142] As another example, determining whether the access node 104, 106 has received the report message may be based on whether the report message has been transmitted to the access node 104, 106. If the report message has been transmitted, then the apparatus 800 may determine that the access node 104, 106 has received the report message.
[0143] In block 507, the apparatus 800 stops the timer based on receiving the response message (block 506: yes) , and based on determining that the timer has not expired before the response message is received (block 504: no) .
[0144] Alternatively, based on determining that the response message is not received (block 506: no) , the process may return to block 504 and continue from there. Ifthe response message comprises a negative ACK or non-acknowledgement (NACK) , the apparatus 800 may retransmit the report message (i.e., the process may return to block 503) .
[0145] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method for defining behavior of an uplink transmission extension timer for C-DRX non-active periods. The method of FIG. 6 may be performed by an apparatus 800 depicted in FIG. 8. For example, the apparatus 800 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a user equipment (UE) 100. The UE 100 may be configured to support NTN communication.
[0146] Referring to FIG. 6, in block 601, the apparatus 800 starts a timer for uplink transmission extension due to expiry of a global navigation satellite system validity duration. The timer may refer to the T390 timer described above.
[0147] In block 602, the apparatus 800 performs a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0148] In block 603, the apparatus 800 transmits, to an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus 800 after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period. The radio access network may be a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network.
[0149] For example, the report message may be transmitted based on successful completion of the global navigation satellite system measurement during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0150] As another example, the report message may be transmitted based on starting a connected-mode discontinuous reception active period following the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0151] In block 604, the apparatus 800 stops the timer based on or in response to transmitting the report message, if the timer is running (i.e., if the timer has not expired yet) .
[0152] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method for defining behavior of an uplink transmission extension timer for C-DRX non-active periods. The method of FIG. 7 may be performed by an apparatus 900 depicted in FIG. 9. For example, the apparatus 900 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network. The access node may be comprised in a satellite 106 (e.g., an eNB or a gNB onboard the satellite 106) , or the access node may be a terrestrial access node 104. In other words, the radio access network may be a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network.
[0153] Referring to FIG. 7, in block 701, the apparatus 900 receives, from a user equipment 100, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment 100 after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment 100 during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.
[0154] In block 702, the apparatus 900 determines, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment 100 is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment 100 is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer. The timer may refer to the T390 timer described above.
[0155] The apparatus 900 may schedule, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment 100 for a time period associated with the autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement that the user equipment 100 is refraining from initiating.
[0156] Alternatively, the apparatus 900 may schedule, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment 100 for a time period during which the user equipment 100 is refraining from leaving the radio resource control connected mode.
[0157] The apparatus 900 may generate a response message indicating an acknowledgement that the apparatus 900 has received the report message, and transmit the response message to the user equipment 100.
[0158] The response message may cause or be configured to cause the user equipment 100 to stop the timer, if the timer has not expired before the response message is received at the user equipment 100.
[0159] Alternatively, the apparatus 900 may not transmit the response message to the user equipment 100.
[0160] The blocks, related functions, and information exchanges (messages) described above by means of FIGS. 2 to 7 are in no absolute chronological order, and some of them may be performed simultaneously or in an order differing from the described one. Other functions can also be executed between them or within them, and other information may be sent, and / or other rules applied. Some of the blocks or part of the blocks or one or more pieces of information can also be left out or replaced by a corresponding block or part of the block or one or more pieces of information.
[0161] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0162] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an apparatus 800 comprising means for performing one or more of the example embodiments (e.g., the method of FIG. 5 or 6) described above. For example, the apparatus 800 may be an apparatus such as, or comprising, or comprised in, a user equipment (UE) 100, 102.
[0163] The apparatus 800 may comprise a circuitry or a chipset applicable for realizing one or more of the example embodiments described above. For example, the apparatus 800 may comprise at least one processor 810. The at least one processor 810 interprets instructions (e.g., computer program instructions) and processes data. The at least one processor 810 may comprise one or more programmable processors. The at least one processor 810 may comprise programmable hardware with embedded firmware and may, alternatively or additionally, comprise one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) .
[0164] The at least one processor 810 is coupled to at least one memory 820. The at least one processor is configured to read and write data to and from the at least one memory 820. The at least one memory 820 may comprise one or more memory units. The memory units may be volatile or non-volatile. It is to be noted that there may be one or more units of non-volatile memory and one or more units of volatile memory or, alternatively, one or more units of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, one or more units of volatile memory. Volatile memory may be for example random-access memory (RAM) , dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) . Non-volatile memory may be for example read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory, optical storage or magnetic storage. In general, memories may be referred to as non-transitory computer readable media. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) . The at least one memory 820 stores computer readable instructions that are executed by the at least one processor 810 to perform one or more of the example embodiments described above. For example, non-volatile memory stores the computer readable instructions, and the at least one processor 810 executes the instructions using volatile memory for temporary storage of data and / or instructions. The computer readable instructions may refer to computer program code.
[0165] The computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored to the at least one memory 820 or, alternatively or additionally, they may be received, by the apparatus, via an electromagnetic carrier signal and / or may be copied from a physical entity such as a computer program product. Execution of the computer readable instructions by the at least one processor 810 causes the apparatus 800 to perform one or more of the example embodiments described above. That is, the at least one processor and the at least one memory storing the instructions may provide the means for providing or causing the performance of any of the methods and / or blocks described above.
[0166] In the context of this document, a “memory” or “computer-readable media” or “computer-readable medium” may be any non-transitory media or medium or means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0167] The apparatus 800 may further comprise, or be connected to, an input unit 830. The input unit 830 may comprise one or more interfaces for receiving input. The one or more interfaces may comprise for example one or more temperature, motion and / or orientation sensors, one or more cameras, one or more accelerometers, one or more microphones, one or more buttons and / or one or more touch detection units. Further, the input unit 830 may comprise an interface to which external devices may connect to.
[0168] The apparatus 800 may also comprise an output unit 840. The output unit may comprise or be connected to one or more displays capable of rendering visual content, such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD) and / or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) display. The output unit 840 may further comprise one or more audio outputs. The one or more audio outputs may be for example loudspeakers.
[0169] The apparatus 800 further comprises a connectivity unit 850. The connectivity unit 850 enables wireless connectivity to one or more external devices. The connectivity unit 850 comprises at least one transmitter and at least one receiver that may be integrated to the apparatus 800 or that the apparatus 800 may be connected to. The at least one transmitter comprises at least one transmission antenna, and the at least one receiver comprises at least one receiving antenna. The connectivity unit 850 may comprise an integrated circuit or a set of integrated circuits that provide the wireless communication capability for the apparatus 800. Alternatively, the wireless connectivity may be a hardwired application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) . The connectivity unit 850 may also provide means for performing at least some of the blocks or functions of one or more example embodiments described above. The connectivity unit 850 may comprise one or more components, such as: power amplifier, digital front end (DFE) , analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , digital-to-analog converter (DAC) , frequency converter, (de) modulator, and / or encoder / decoder circuitries, controlled by the corresponding controlling units.
[0170] It is to be noted that the apparatus 800 may further comprise various components not illustrated in FIG. 8. The various components may be hardware components and / or software components.
[0171] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an apparatus 900 comprising means for performing one or more of the example embodiments (e.g., the method of FIG. 7) described above. For example, the apparatus 900 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, an access node 104, 106 of a radio access network. The access node may be comprised in a satellite 106 (e.g., an eNB or a gNB onboard the satellite 106) , or the access node may be a terrestrial access node 104. In other words, the radio access network may be a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network.
[0172] The apparatus 900 may comprise, for example, a circuitry or a chipset applicable for realizing one or more of the example embodiments described above. The apparatus 900 may be an electronic device comprising one or more electronic circuitries. The apparatus 900 may comprise a communication control circuitry 910 such as at least one processor, and at least one memory 920 storing instructions 922 which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus 900 to carry out one or more of the example embodiments described above. Such instructions 922 may, for example, include computer program code (software) . The at least one processor and the at least one memory storing the instructions may provide the means for providing or causing the performance of any of the methods and / or blocks described above.
[0173] The processor is coupled to the memory 920. The processor is configured to read and write data to and from the memory 920. The memory 920 may comprise one or more memory units. The memory units may be volatile or non-volatile. It is to be noted that there may be one or more units of non-volatile memory and one or more units of volatile memory or, alternatively, one or more units of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, one or more units of volatile memory. Volatile memory may be for example random-access memory (RAM) , dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) . Non-volatile memory may be for example read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory, optical storage or magnetic storage. In general, memories may be referred to as non-transitory computer readable media. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) . The memory 920 stores computer readable instructions that are executed by the processor. For example, non-volatile memory stores the computer readable instructions, and the processor executes the instructions using volatile memory for temporary storage of data and / or instructions.
[0174] The computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored to the memory 920 or, alternatively or additionally, they may be received, by the apparatus, via an electromagnetic carrier signal and / or may be copied from a physical entity such as a computer program product. Execution of the computer readable instructions causes the apparatus 900 to perform one or more of the functionalities described above.
[0175] The memory 920 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and / or removable memory. The memory may comprise a configuration database for storing configuration data, such as a current neighbour cell list, and, in some example embodiments, structures of frames used in the detected neighbour cells.
[0176] The apparatus 900 may further comprise or be connected to a communication interface 930, such as a radio unit, comprising hardware and / or software for realizing communication connectivity with one or more wireless communication devices according to one or more communication protocols. The communication interface 930 comprises at least one transmitter (Tx) and at least one receiver (Rx) that may be integrated to the apparatus 900 or that the apparatus 900 may be connected to. The communication interface 930 may provide means for performing some of the blocks and / or functions (e.g., transmitting and receiving) for one or more example embodiments described above. The communication interface 930 may comprise one or more components, such as: power amplifier, digital front end (DFE) , analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , digital-to-analog converter (DAC) , frequency converter, (de) modulator, and / or encoder / decoder circuitries, controlled by the corresponding controlling units.
[0177] The communication interface 930 provides the apparatus with radio communication capabilities to communicate in the wireless communication network. The communication interface may, for example, provide a radio interface to one or more UEs 100, 102. The apparatus 900 may further comprise or be connected to another interface towards a core network 110, such as the network coordinator apparatus or AMF, and / or to other access nodes of the wireless communication network.
[0178] The apparatus 900 may further comprise a scheduler 940 that is configured to allocate radio resources. The scheduler 940 may be configured along with the communication control circuitry 910 or it may be separately configured.
[0179] It is to be noted that the apparatus 900 may further comprise various components not illustrated in FIG. 9. The various components may be hardware components and / or software components.
[0180] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) ; and b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) : i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone, to perform various functions) ; and c) hardware circuit (s) and / or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0181] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0182] The techniques and methods described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more devices) , firmware (one or more devices) , software (one or more modules) , or combinations thereof. For a hardware implementation, the apparatus (es) of example embodiments may be implemented within one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , digital signal processing devices (DSPDs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof. For firmware or software, the implementation can be carried out through modules of at least one chipset (for example procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in a memory unit and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or externally to the processor. In the latter case, it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is known in the art. Additionally, the components of the systems described herein may be rearranged and / or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate the achievements of the various aspects, etc., described with regard thereto, and they are not limited to the precise configurations set forth in the given figures, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art.
[0183] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept may be implemented in various ways within the scope of the claims. The embodiments are not limited to the example embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly, and they are intended to illustrate, not to restrict, the embodiments.
Claims
An apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:start a timer for uplink transmission extension;perform a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;transmit, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;determine whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; andstop the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; orrefrain from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refrain from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the report message is transmitted based on successful completion of the global navigation satellite system measurement during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the report message is transmitted based on starting a connected-mode discontinuous reception active period following the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The apparatus of any preceding claim, further being caused to:determine whether the access node has received the report message, wherein the determining comprises:determining that the access node has received the report message, based on receiving a response message from the access node to indicate an acknowledgement that the access node has received the report message; ordetermining that the access node has received the report message, based on not receiving a response message from the access node in a predefined time period after the transmission of the report message.The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 3, further being caused to:determine whether the access node has received the report message, based on whether the report message has been transmitted to the access node.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the radio access network is a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the apparatus is configured to support communication with the non-terrestrial network.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is a user equipment.An apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:receive, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; anddetermine, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.The apparatus of claim 8, further being caused to:schedule, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period associated with the autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement that the user equipment is refraining from initiating.The apparatus of claim 8, further being caused to:schedule, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period during which the user equipment is refraining from leaving the radio resource control connected mode.The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 10, further being caused to:generate a response message indicating an acknowledgement that the apparatus has received the report message; andtransmit the response message to the user equipment.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the response message is configured to cause the user equipment to stop the timer, if the timer has not expired before the response message is received at the user equipment.The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 12, wherein the apparatus is an access node of a radio access network.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the radio access network is a non-terrestrial network.An apparatus comprising:means for starting a timer for uplink transmission extension;means for performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;means for transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;means for determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; andmeans for stopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; ormeans for refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for transmitting the report message are configured to transmit the report message based on successful completion of the global navigation satellite system measurement during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the means for transmitting the report message are configured to transmit the report message based on starting a connected-mode discontinuous reception active period following the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 17, further comprising:means for determining whether the access node has received the report message, wherein the determining comprises:determining that the access node has received the report message, based on receiving a response message from the access node to indicate an acknowledgement that the access node has received the report message; ordetermining that the access node has received the report message, based on not receiving a response message from the access node in a predefined time period after the transmission of the report message.The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 17, further comprising:means for determining whether the access node has received the report message, based on whether the report message has been transmitted to the access node.The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 19, wherein the radio access network is a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the apparatus is configured to support communication with the non-terrestrial network.The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 20, wherein the apparatus is a user equipment.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; andmeans for determining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising:means for scheduling, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period associated with the autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement that the user equipment is refraining from initiating.The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising:means for scheduling, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period during which the user equipment is refraining from leaving the radio resource control connected mode.The apparatus of any of claims 22 to 24, further comprising:means for generating a response message indicating an acknowledgement that the apparatus has received the report message; andmeans for transmitting the response message to the user equipment.The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the response message is configured to cause the user equipment to stop the timer, if the timer has not expired before the response message is received at the user equipment.The apparatus of any of claims 22 to 26, wherein the apparatus is an access node of a radio access network.The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the radio access network is a non-terrestrial network.A method comprising:starting a timer for uplink transmission extension;performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; andstopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; orrefraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.The method of claim 29, wherein the report message is transmitted based on successful completion of the global navigation satellite system measurement during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The method of claim 29, wherein the report message is transmitted based on starting a connected-mode discontinuous reception active period following the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period.The method of any of claims 29 to 31, further comprising:determining whether the access node has received the report message, wherein the determining comprises:determining that the access node has received the report message, based on receiving a response message from the access node to indicate an acknowledgement that the access node has received the report message; ordetermining that the access node has received the report message, based on not receiving a response message from the access node in a predefined time period after the transmission of the report message.The method of any of claims 29 to 31, further comprising:determining whether the access node has received the report message, based on whether the report message has been transmitted to the access node.A method comprising:receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; anddetermining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.The method of claim 34, further comprising:scheduling, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period associated with the autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement that the user equipment is refraining from initiating.The method of claim 34, further comprising:scheduling, based on the determination, radio resources to the user equipment for a time period during which the user equipment is refraining from leaving the radio resource control connected mode.The method of any of claims 34 to 36, further comprising:generating a response message indicating an acknowledgement that the the report message has been received; andtransmitting the response message to the user equipment.The method of claim 37, wherein the response message is configured to cause the user equipment to stop the timer, if the timer has not expired before the response message is received at the user equipment.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:starting a timer for uplink transmission extension;performing a global navigation satellite system measurement during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;transmitting, to an access node of a radio access network, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the apparatus after the global navigation satellite system measurement performed during the connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period;determining whether the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message; andstopping the timer based on determining that the timer has not expired before the access node has received the report message; orrefraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with the timer or refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode, based on determining that the timer has expired before the access node has received the report message.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:receiving, from a user equipment, a report message indicating a remaining time of a global navigation satellite system validity duration of the user equipment after a global navigation satellite system measurement performed by the user equipment during a connected-mode discontinuous reception non-active period; anddetermining, based at least on receiving the report message, that the user equipment is refraining from initiating an autonomous global navigation satellite system measurement associated with a timer for uplink transmission extension, or that the user equipment is refraining from leaving a radio resource control connected mode at expiry of the timer.
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