A method of NTN initial access
The introduction of a synchronization assisting signal and multi-step access procedure with uneven power boosting addresses the challenges of NTN initial access, improving signal-to-noise ratio and beamforming for efficient satellite communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/093357
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-20
AI Technical Summary
The challenges of initial access in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) due to significant free space path loss, beamforming power loss, and Power Flux Density restrictions necessitate enhancements in synchronization and signal-to-noise ratio for efficient and reliable communication between satellites and user equipment.
A synchronization assisting signal (SAS) is introduced, which is a constant broadcast signal carrying satellite information for UE beam forming and initial cell search, along with a multi-step initial access procedure and uneven power boosting methods to enhance signal reception.
The SAS improves synchronization and reduces complexity and delay in initial access, ensuring efficient and reliable communication by enhancing signal-to-noise ratio and beamforming accuracy.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024093357_20112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD OF NTN INITIAL ACCESSFIELD
[0001] The invention discussed below relates generally to wireless communication, and more particularly, to methods for initial access of NTN.BACKGROUND
[0002] In 5G NR, the initial access procedure is designed to enable a new user equipment (UE) to establish a connection with the network, acquire synchronization, and obtain the necessary resources to initiate communication. However, in the context of NTN, the unique characteristics of satellite communication, including the extensive beam availability and limited simultaneous beam usage, pose challenges that require specific enhancements to the initial access procedure. This disclosure addresses these challenges by proposing initial access methods optimized for NTN, ensuring efficient and reliable communication between satellites and UEs in the communication network.
[0003] Due to the significant free space path loss in satellite communications, the simultaneous usage of multiple beams leading to beamforming power loss, as well as the presence of Power Flux Density (PFD) restrictions in various countries and regions, the signal-to-noise ratio of satellite signals received by user equipment is reduced. In light of this situation, it is necessary to design to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for user equipment reception. This disclosure proposes a method for synchronization and initial cell search procedure, and a design of synchronization assisting signals, as well as a uneven power boosting method for signals to carried information.SUMMARY
[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a preclude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0005] In one aspect, a synchronization assisting signal (SAS) is proposed. The SAS is a constant broadcast signal that occupies a certain time and / or frequency resource. The SAS carries information such as satellite height, elevation angle, satellite speed and etc. These information will help UE with UE beam forming, initial cell search and etc..
[0006] In another aspect, the method of how the SAS carries information is proposed. The SAS can carry information by SAS pattern, SAS generation method, signal phase and etc..
[0007] In another aspect, the method of a multi-step initial access / initial cell search is proposed. for option 1, the first step is for UE to detect SAS, and the second step is for UE to detect and decode synchronization signals and information. The satellite will only transmit the synchronization signals and information when there are UEs existed in the certain area. For option 2, UE will first detect SAS and second decode SIBX (s) , and then decode synchronization signals and information.
[0008] In another aspect, the method of unevenly power boosting is proposed. The SAS, as well as other signal, can carry information by unevenly power boosting the certain parts of the signal in frequency domain.
[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed figures set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary diagram of SAS information carry method.
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary diagram of multi-step initial access procedure option 1.
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of multi-step initial access procedure option 2.
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary diagram of unevenly power boosting method.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0015] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0016] Before describing the several aspects of the disclosure, it should be noted that the SSB in the following alternatives represents for but not limited to one or multiple of the synchronization signal blocks, PSS, SSS and PBCH, or other equivalent signals.
[0017] In one aspect of the disclosure, the synchronization assisting signal (SAS) is proposed. More specifically, we propose to consider the following alternatives:
[0018] Alternative#1: synchronization assisting signal (SAS)
[0019] - Aim:
[0020] ■ The aim of the SAS is at least one of the followings:
[0021] ◆ To assist UE to locate the satellite
[0022] ◆ To inform UE the frequency band location / frequency resource of the synchronization signals and information
[0023] ◆ To help the satellite / network decides if there is any UE trying to do initial access
[0024] ◆ To help UE detect the frequency offset
[0025] ◆ To help UE with accurate beam forming direction
[0026] ◆ Decrease the complexity and delay of DL synchronization
[0027] - Definition:
[0028] ■ SAS is an important signal used in wireless communication systems to help mobile Equipment (UE) synchronize (coarse) frequency at the physical layer and locate the satellite (or BS, equipment. Etc. ) , as well as obtain the synchronization signal and information frequency location.
[0029] ■ The synchronization assisting signal is transmitted by satellite and / or network and detected by UEs at the beginning of UE initial cell search, or before initial cell search.
[0030] ■ The SAS is an always-on signal that is broadcast to all the UEs and is independent from the other synchronization signals and information (e.g., PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc. ) .
[0031] ■ Information can be carried by different SAS repetition pattern in time domain, phase adjustment in frequency domain, etc.
[0032] - Generation method:
[0033] ■ Use one or several sequences with good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, which help with accurate synchronization in complex environments (e.g., m sequence, gold sequence, ZC sequence, a sequence generated by (Circular) Golomb Ruler, etc. )
[0034] ■ The SAS can be repeated in a certain pattern in time domain, for example, occupies some certain symbols within a time boundary (e.g., one or several slot (s) , one or several (sub-) frame (s) , etc. )
[0035] ■ The SAS is generated by one or several cyclic-shift of one or several sequences.
[0036] ■ The SAS can have different phase adjustment for different repetitions within a time boundary, for example, the first SAS is X (ω) , and the second SAS can be X (ω) ejθ, which θ is the phase adjustment factor.
[0037] - Resource:
[0038] ■ The SAS occupies a certain time and / or frequency resource per band.
[0039] ■ The time and / or frequency resource is (pre-) defined.
[0040] - Information carried: (at least one of the followings)
[0041] ■ The elevation angle of the satellite;
[0042] ■ The orbit (altitude) of the satellite;
[0043] ■ The speed of the satellite;
[0044] ■ The (center) frequency of the synchronization signals and information
[0045] ■ The time and / or frequency resource for UE SAS report
[0046] ■ The slot / (sub) frame / periodicity boundary and etc.
[0047] ■ The time and / or frequency resource of CORESET#0
[0048] ■ The time and / or frequency resource of SIBs (e.g., SIB19) , which includes the satellite ephemeris information
[0049] Note for alternative 1:
[0050] - The name of the signal may or may not be restricted as synchronization assisting signal (SAS) , other signal with the same aim, definition, generation method, resource setting, and / or carries the same kind of information is also included in the disclosure.
[0051] - The resource of the SAS can either be a symbol and multi-RB per SAS repetition, or a RE / RB and multi-symbol per SAS repetition, or multi-RE / RB and multi-symbol per SAS repetition, or any other combination.
[0052] - The SAS is FDMed with synchronization signal and information, so the SAS and synchronization signal and information can be transmitted by satellite at the same time. The satellite may use the same beam or different beam to transmit SAS and synchronization signal and information.
[0053] In another aspect of the disclosure, the method of how the SAS carries information is proposed. More specifically, we propose to consider the following alternative:
[0054] Alternative#2: SAS information carry method
[0055] The SAS can carry different kinds of information (e.g., the information carried options in Alternative#1) by at least one of the followings:
[0056] - Different sequence;
[0057] - Different cyclic-shift of the sequence;
[0058] - Different occupying symbols / SAS repetition pattern within a periodicity in time domain;
[0059] - Different power boosting pattern;
[0060] - Different phase adjustment in frequency domain for different repetitions within a SAS periodicity, and / or for different repetitions cross SAS periodicities;
[0061] Note for alternative 2:
[0062] - For example, as is shown in Figure 1, the SAS period is 2 slot, and with 4 SAS repetitions within a periodicity. The SAS occupies a certain (pre-) defined time and / or frequency resource per band, so there no need for UE to do blind frequency searching and coarse frequency offset can be estimated by detecting SAS. Pattern 1 and Pattern 2 has different SAS repetition pattern within a periodicity in time domain, and has different phase adjustment in frequency domain for different SAS repetitions, which can imply different information (e.g., the information carried options in Alternative#1) .
[0063] - It should be noted that the example above is only for explanation purpose, other SAS carrying method is not precluded.
[0064] In another aspect of the disclosure, the method of a multi-step initial cell search / initial access procedure is proposed. More specifically, we propose to consider the following alternative:
[0065] Alternative#3: multi-step initial cell search and / or initial access procedure
[0066] - Option 1: as is shown in Figure 2
[0067] ■ Step 1: SAS
[0068] ◆ Transmitting by satellite / network, using a relatively wide beam
[0069] ◆ SAS carries (some of the) ephemeris information, thus UE can locate the satellite and do beamforming accurately.
[0070] ◆ UE monitors the SAS at the certain (pre-) defined frequency location , using a relatively wide beam
[0071] ■ Step 2: SAS report by UE
[0072] ◆ Transmitting by UE via a relatively narrow beam if UE beamforming is available
[0073] ◆ Satellite / network monitors the SAS report at certain (pre-) defined or (pre-) configured time and frequency resource
[0074] ■ Step 3: synchronization signals and information
[0075] ◆ Transmitting by satellite / network, using a relatively wide beam
[0076] ◆ Transmit only when the satellite / network receives a SAS report from UE within the wide beam area that the narrow beam belongs to
[0077] ◆ UE detects and decodes the synchronization signals and information using a relatively narrow beam if UE beamforming is available
[0078] - Option 2: as is shown in Figure 3
[0079] ■ Step 1: SAS
[0080] ◆ Transmitting by satellite / network, using a relatively wide beam
[0081] ◆ SAS carries the location of SIBXs, which includes the ephemeris information, thus UE can locate the satellite and do beamforming accurately.
[0082] ◆ UE monitors the SAS at the certain (pre-) defined frequency location , using a relatively wide beam
[0083] ■ Step 2: SIBXs
[0084] ◆ Transmitting by satellite / network, using a relatively wide beam
[0085] ◆ UE detects and decodes the SIBXs, using a relatively wide beam
[0086] ◆ E.g., SIB19, which includes the ephemeris information
[0087] ■ Step 3: synchronization signals and information
[0088] ◆ Transmitting by satellite / network, using a relatively wide beam
[0089] ◆ UE detects and decodes the synchronization signals and information using a relatively narrow beam if UE beamforming is available
[0090] Note for alternative 3:
[0091] - If UE is not available for beamforming, use a relatively wide beam instead;
[0092] - The SSB in Figure 2 and Figure 3 not only represents for the synchronization signal block (SSB) in NR system, but also represents for other signals that has the same purpose or function of the primary / secondary synchronization signals and synchronization information.
[0093] In another aspect of the disclosure, the method of a unevenly power boosting method is proposed. This power boosting method can be adopted as the information carry method mentioned in Alternative#2. More specifically, we propose to consider the following alternative:
[0094] Alternative#4: unevenly power boosting method
[0095] For a signal or sequence in communication system, a unevenly power boosting method can be adopted in frequency domain to carry information. The transmitter use different power boosting factor to different part of the sequence / signal in frequency domain. Assuming the signal or sequence is s (ω) , ω=0, 1, …, N-1, where N is the length of the signal or sequence. The power boosting factor can be described as α (ω) , ω=0, 1, …, N-1. Then the signal multiply with the power boosting factor is x (ω) =s (ω) . *α (ω) . The signal x (ω) is mapped into the REs frequency domain before transfer it into time domain. To consist the power of x (ω) with s (ω) , the α (ω) should satisfy
[0096] For example, as is shown in Figure 4, a SAS (or other signal) in frequency domain is s (ω) , ω = 0, 1, …, N-1, where N is the length of the signal. There are 3 repetitions within a SAS periodicity.
[0097] For the first SAS signal, the power boosting factor can be described as:
[0098] For the second SAS signal, the power boosting factor can be described as:
[0099] For the first SAS signal, the power boosting factor can be described as:
[0100] the α (ω) should satisfy and K1≠K2.
[0101] Note for alternative 4:
[0102] - The unevenly power boosting method is not restricted within SAS, it can also be used in any other signal or sequence to carry information (e.g., m sequence, gold sequence, a sequence generated by (Circular) Golomb Ruler, DMRS, PSS, SSS, pseudo random sequence, ZC sequence, etc. ) .
[0103] - The unevenly power boosting method is not restricted within for several repetitions of the signal, but also can be adopted for a single signal / sequence.
[0104] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “UE, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0105] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below.
Claims
1.A method of NR NTN initial access, wherein the synchronization assisting signal (SAS) .2.The method of claim 1, wherein the definition of SAS is transmitted by satellite and / or network and detected by UEs at the beginning of UE initial cell search, or before initial cell search, and is a always-on signal that is broadcast to all the UEs and is independent from the other synchronization signals and information.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the SAS is an important signal used in wireless communication systems to help mobile Equipment (UE) synchronize (coarse) frequency at the physical layer and locate the satellite (or BS, equipment. Etc. ) , as well as obtain the synchronization signal and information frequency location.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the generation method of SAS is using one or several sequences with good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, and SAS can be repeated in a certain pattern in time domain.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the SAS is generated by one or several cyclic-shift of one or several sequences, and can have different phase adjustment for different repetitions within a time boundary or periodicity.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the resource of SAS is (pre-) defined and SAS occupies a certain time and / or frequency resource per band.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the SAS can carry different kinds of information at least one of the followings:a. The elevation angle of the satellite;b. The orbit (altitude) of the satellite;c. The speed of the satellite;d. The (center) frequency of the synchronization signals and informatione. The time and / or frequency resource for UE SAS reportf. The slot / (sub) frame / periodicity boundary and etc.g. The time and / or frequency resource of CORESET#0h. The time and / or frequency resource of SIBs (e.g., SIB19) , which includes the satellite ephemeris information.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the SAS can carry different kinds of information by at least one of the followings:a. Different sequence;b. Different cyclic-shift of the sequence;c. Different occupying symbols / SAS repetition pattern within a periodicity in time domain;d. Different power boosting pattern;e. Different phase adjustment in frequency domain for different repetitions within a SAS periodicity, and / or for different repetitions cross SAS periodicities.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-step initial cell search / initial access procedure.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the option 1:a. Step 1: SASb. Step 2: SAS respond (or SAS report)c. Step 3: synchronization signals and information ort by UE.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the step 1 SAS carries (some of the) ephemeris information, thus UE can locate the satellite and do beamforming accurately.12.The method of claim 10, wherein the step 3, synchronization signals and information Transmit only when the satellite / network receives a SAS report from UE within the wide beam area that the narrow beam belongs to.13.The method of claim 9, wherein the option 2:a. Step 1: SASb. Step 2: SIBXsc. Step 3: synchronization signals and information.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the step 1 SAS carries the location of SIBXs, which includes the ephemeris information.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the unevenly power boosting method.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the unevenly power boosting method can be adopted in frequency domain to carry information for a signal or sequence.17.The method of claim 15, wherein the signal or sequence is s (ω) , ω=0, 1, …, N-1, where N is the length of the signal or sequence. The power boosting factor can be described as α (ω) , ω=0, 1, …, N-1. Then the signal multiply with the power boosting factor is x (ω) =s (ω) . *α (ω) . The signal x (ω) is mapped into the REs frequency domain before transfer it into time domain. To consist the power of x (ω) with s (ω) , the α (ω) should satisfy 18.The method of claim 15, wherein the unevenly power boosting method can be used in any other signal or sequence to carry information (e.g., SAS, m sequence, gold sequence, a sequence generated by (Circular) Golomb Ruler, DMRS, PSS, SSS, pseudo random sequence, ZC sequence, etc. ) .19.The method of claim 15, wherein the unevenly power boosting method is not restricted within for several repetitions of the signal, but also can be adopted for a single signal / sequence.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system
US20230164722A1
Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving synchronization signal in communication system
US20230403661A1
Beam configuration and parameter management for non-terrestrial networks
WO2021076466A1
System and method for synchronization assistance
WO2022082699A1
Method of reference signal design for NR-u beyond 52.6ghz
WO2022115884A2