Configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure
By dynamically adjusting the quantity of messages in communication procedures for ambient IoT devices based on energy state and service type, the solution optimizes resource utilization and efficiency in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/094109
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems for ambient IoT devices have fixed and default quantities of messages in communication procedures, which may be inadequate for certain types of information exchange or include superfluous messages, leading to inefficient resource utilization.
The reader device dynamically adjusts the quantity of messages in a communication procedure based on energy state, information to be communicated, and service type, using explicit or implicit indications to optimize resource utilization.
This approach improves communication resource utilization and efficiency by dynamically adjusting the quantity of messages exchanged, aligning with specific communication needs and conditions.
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Figure CN2024094109_27112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CONFIGURATION OF A QUANTITY OF STEPS IN AN AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS COMMUNICATION PROCEDURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0003] Some wireless communications systems may support deployment of ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, which may include relatively low power and low complexity devices that are capable of harvesting energy from different sources, such as radio frequency waves, solar energy, heat, or other ambient sources. Energy harvesting (EH) -capable devices such as A-IoT devices may be used for applications such as inventory tracking, sensing, positioning, or command systems.SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a reader device is described. The method may include transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages and communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0006] A reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages and communicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0007] Another reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages and means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages and communicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0009] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first message indicates that a second message, that may be immediately subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure, may be to be communicated by the A-IoT device to the reader device.
[0010] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first message indicates that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure may be to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0011] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a set of bits that indicate that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure may be to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0012] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an implicit indication that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure may be to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0013] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the implicit indication may be based on whether a grant for the one or more second messages may be included in the first message or whether an acknowledgement for a prior message to the first message may be included in the first message.
[0014] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first message may be further indicative of whether a subsequent message to the first message may be subject to repetition, a set of resources to be used for transmission of the subsequent message, whether the subsequent message may be to include feedback for the first message, a service type indicator, an identifier type for the A-IoT device, a length of an identifier for the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0015] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, at least one of a set of bits in the first message or a resource size indicated by the first message may be indicative of an identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device.
[0016] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, a second message that may be indicative of a tag identifier, data type in memory associated with the A-IoT device, feedback associated with the first message, a type of the A-IoT device, an energy state associated with the A-IoT device, an amplifier status, an amplifier gain value, or a combination thereof.
[0017] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the A-IoT device prior to the first message, a forward link trigger message that triggers the communication procedure and receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the forward link trigger message and prior to the first message, a second message, where the first message may be transmitted in response to the second message and indicates that one or more third messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure may be to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0018] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the default quantity of messages may be two or three and the first message may be message 2 of the communication procedure.
[0019] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the default quantity of messages may be four or five and the first message may be a message 2 of the communication procedure and may be indicative of whether message 4 of the communication procedure may be to be exchanged between the reader and the A-IoT device.
[0020] A method for wireless communications by a reader device is described. The method may include transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device and communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0021] A reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device and communicate, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0022] Another reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device and means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0023] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device and communicate, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0024] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an identifier type for the A-IoT device that may be to be communicated by the A-IoT device in accordance the communication procedure, where the identifier type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0025] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an A-IoT device type for the A-IoT device, where the A-IoT device type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0026] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of a type for the communication procedure, where the type may be one of an inventory procedure or a command procedure and where the type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0027] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of whether a backlink resource to be used by the A-IoT device for the communication procedure may be a contention based resource or a contention free resource, where the quantity of messages to be exchanged may be implicitly indicated based on whether the backlink resource may be the contention based resource or the contention free resource.
[0028] A method for wireless communications by a reader device is described. The method may include determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device, transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages, and communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0029] A reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to determine, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device, transmit, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages, and communicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0030] Another reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device, means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages, and means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0031] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to determine, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device, transmit, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages, and communicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0032] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the control signaling that may be indicative of the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0033] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the quantity of messages may be determined using the rule in accordance with a collision probability associated with receipt of second message from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, an estimated identifier value for the A-IoT device relative to a threshold, an estimated interference associated with exchange of one or more messages of the communication procedure, a traffic load associated with exchange of one or more message of the communication procedure, a service type of the communication procedure, an inventory status of the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0034] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the A-IoT device, a message that indicates a requested quantity of communications to be exchanged during the communication procedure, where the reader device determines the quantity of messages based on the requested quantity of messages, and where the requested quantity of messages may be based on a identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device during the communication procedure, an energy state of the A-IoT device, traffic load associated with one or more of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, or a combination thereof.
[0035] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show examples of process flows that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show examples of process flows that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIGs. 10 through 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Some wireless communications systems may support deployment of ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, which may include relatively low power and low complexity devices that are capable of harvesting energy from different sources, such as radio frequency waves, solar energy, heat, or other ambient sources. Energy harvesting (EH) -capable devices such as A-IoT devices may be used for applications such as inventory tracking, sensing, positioning, or command systems. For example, for command systems, EH-capable devices may be used for such applications as control of irrigations systems, dispensing medicine, or providing alerts. An ambient IoT device may be an example of a passive or semi-passive device and, as such, may communicate with another wireless communication device (e.g., reader device) via backscatter. For example, the ambient device may receive a waveform (e.g., from the network device, the assisting node, or the intermediate node) , which may activate the ambient IoT device (e.g., activate one or more radio frequency (RF) chains or components of the ambient IoT device) , and which the ambient IoT device may use to send a backscattered signal modulated with data.
[0046] The reader device and the ambient devices may implement various types of communication procedures to support the various applications. For example, the reader and the ambient devices may implement random access (RA) procedures which are associated with a quantity of messages that are to be exchanged between the ambient devices and the reader device. Each message of the quantity of messages may be associated with types of data to be communicated, instructions, and feedback. Moreover, the information included in the exchange of messages in accordance with the communication procedure may be dependent on whether the communications are for inventory or command type communications. In some cases, a configured quantity of messages (e.g., a default quantity of messages) associated with the communication procedure may be adjusted based on information that is sought to be obtained by the reader device, based on communication conditions, or based on other conditions. However, the communication procedures may be associated with a fixed and default quantity of operations, and as such, may be inadequate for some types of information exchange or may include superfluous messages.
[0047] Techniques described herein support the reader device and / or the ambient device determining and indicating a quantity of messages to be used for a communication procedure. The determination of the quantity of messages may be based on the energy state of the ambient device, information to be communicated between the ambient device and the reader device (e.g., ambient device identifier type) , service type to be utilized (e.g., inventory or command) , among other conditions. Further, techniques described herein support the reader device dynamically adjusting or changing the default quantity of operations associated with a communication procedure and implicit indications of the quantity of messages to be exchanged between the ambient device and the reader device in association with the communication procedure. Accordingly, the techniques described herein support dynamic and condition / information-based determination or adjustment of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, which results in improved utilization of communication resources and improved utilization of limited resources at the reader device, among other benefits. These and other techniques are described in further detail with respect to the figures.
[0048] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further described with respect to a wireless communication system including a reader device and an ambient IoT device and various process flows with a reader device and an ambient IoT device. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure.
[0049] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0050] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0051] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0052] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, and computing system may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, and computing system being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0053] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0054] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0055] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0056] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0057] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0058] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0059] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a multimedia / entertainment device (e.g., a radio, a MP3 player, or a video device) , a camera, a gaming device, a navigation / positioning device (e.g., GNSS (global navigation satellite system) devices based on, for example, GPS (global positioning system) , Beidou, GLONASS, or Galileo, or a terrestrial-based device) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personal computer, , a netbook, a smartbook, a personal computer, a smart device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, virtual reality goggles, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet) ) , a drone, a robot / robotic device, a vehicle, a vehicular device, a meter (e.g., parking meter, electric meter, gas meter, water meter) , a monitor, a gas pump, an appliance (e.g., kitchen appliance, washing machine, dryer) , a location tag, a medical / healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0060] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0061] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0062] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0063] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0064] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0065] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0066] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0067] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0068] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0069] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0070] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0071] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. In an aspect, techniques disclosed herein may be applicable to MTC or IoT UEs. MTC or IoT UEs may include MTC / enhanced MTC (eMTC, also referred to as CAT-M, Cat M1) UEs, NB-IoT (also referred to as CAT NB1) UEs, as well as other types of UEs. eMTC and NB-IoT may refer to future technologies that may evolve from or may be based on these technologies. For example, eMTC may include FeMTC (further eMTC) , eFeMTC (enhanced further eMTC) , and mMTC (massive MTC) , and NB-IoT may include eNB-IoT (enhanced NB-IoT) , and FeNB-IoT (further enhanced NB-IoT) .
[0072] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0074] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0075] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0076] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0077] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0078] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0079] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0080] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0081] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0082] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0083] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0084] The wireless communications system 100 may support deployment of EH-capable devices such as A-IoT devices or radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. For example, one or more UEs 115 may be EH-capable devices. EH-capable devices such as A-IoT devices may be used for various applications. An EH-capable device may perform a backscatter-based communication (e.g., transmit data) via backscattering a signal received from another wireless communications device (e.g., a reader device such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) . The reader device (e.g., a first UE 115) and the ambient device (e.g., a second UE 115) may implement various communication procedures to communicate data. For example, the reader device and the ambient device may implement multi-operation communication procedure to support communication of a type of identifier from the ambient device to reader device, such as to support an inventory technique. The multi-operation communication procedure may be associated with a fixed quantity of messages to be exchanged between the reader device and the ambident device. However, the fixed quantity of message may be associated with wasteful (e.g., in terms of communication resources) or insufficient communications. Further, because the ambient devices may be associated with limited resources (e.g., power, memory, and / or processing resources) , it may be desirable to efficiently utilize message to communicate target information and / or to limit communication of superfluous messages between the reader device and the ambient device.
[0085] Techniques described herein support dynamic determination of a quantity of messages for communication procedures, dynamic adjustment of default quantities of messages for communication procedures, and / or implicit indications of quantities of messages for communication procedures. For example, a reader device may evaluate communication conditions, type of data to be obtained from an ambient device, and / or other conditions to determine a quantity of messages to exchange with the ambient device. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device may utilize implicit indications of the quantity of messages to utilize for the communication procedures. In some examples, a communication procedure configured for communications between the reader device and the ambient device may be associated with a default quantity of messages, and the reader device may dynamically adjust (e.g., using signaling) the default quantity of operations to a different quantity of operations.
[0086] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communications system 200 illustrates communications between a reader device 205, which may be an example a UE 115, a network entity 105, or other device described herein, and an ambient IoT device 210, which may be an example of a tag, a UE, or other device described herein. In some examples, the ambient IoT device 210 may be a passive device, a semi-passive radio device with energy-harvesting and energy storage, an active device with an active radio with energy-harvesting and energy storage.
[0087] The reader device 205 (e.g., a UE, a network entity) may communicate with the ambient IoT device 210 via a reader-to-device (R2D) link (e.g., a forward link (FL) ) , and the ambient IoT device 210 may communicate with the reader device 205 via a device-to-reader (D2R) link (e.g., a backward link (BL) ) . For example, the reader device 205 may output (e.g., transmit) a carrier wave via the R2D link, and the ambient IoT device 210 may perform modulation to transmit modulated data to the reader device 205. In some implementations, the ambient IoT device 210 may transmit the modulated data by backscattering the carrier wave. Additionally, or alternatively, the ambient IoT device 210 may multiply the signal (after data modulation) with a carrier wave that is generated internally by the ambient IoT device 210. As described herein, the reader device 205 may be an example of a UE 115. In such cases, a network entity 105 may communicate with the UE 115, and the UE 115 may communicate with the ambient IoT device 210 via the forward link and the backward link. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205 may be an example of a network entity 105 that communicates with the ambient IoT device 210 via the forward link and the backward link.
[0088] In some examples, the ambient IoT device 210 may be one of a set of different types of ambient IoT devices. A first type of ambient IoT device (device 1) may include energy storage, capable of sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10z ppm, and my not include either uplink or downlink amplification capabilities. In such cases, the communications by the ambient IoT device 210 may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by the reader device 205) . A second type of ambient IoT device (device 2a) may be capable of generating transmissions internally and may be capable of downlink and / or uplink amplification. A third type of device (device 2b) may be capable of downlink and / or uplink amplification but may communicate by backscattering on a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by the reader device 205) .
[0089] Moreover, the ambient IoT device 210 may be associated with different energy states. Energy states may be associated with available energy levels in energy storage on the ambient IoT device 210, which may be dependent on the capacitor size and / or the voltage of the energy storage. Additionally, or alternatively, the energy state may be associated with a time duration during which the ambient IoT device can remain in an on or active state, a time duration has been in an on or active state, a time duration during which the ambient IoT device 210 can monitor a channel, a time duration during which the ambient IoT device 210 has been monitoring a channel, or any combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the energy state may be associated with whether the ambient IoT device 210 includes energy storage, whether the ambient IoT device 210 is a semi-passive or active tag, the type of the ambient IoT device (e.g., as described above) , whether the ambient IoT device 210 has active components (e.g., associated with power consumption) , or a combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, an energy state may be associated with a discharging rate, such as whether the tag has power consuming components (e.g., low noise amplifiers (LNAs) , power amplifiers (PAs) , and / or tunnel diodes) in an on or off state. Additionally, or alternatively, the energy state may be dependent on a charging rate, different RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and / or differences in the distance between the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210) . The energy state may be based on one of the above factors or a combination of these factors, and these factors may be normalized to specific values. In some cases, an energy state may be associated with one or more of these factors relative to a threshold.
[0090] The reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 may utilize different service types, such as inventory (service type 1) or command (service type 2) . Additionally, the service type may be triggered by a forward link trigger message by the reader device 205. In some cases, the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 may utilize various communication procedures (e.g., a communication procedure 215) , which may be an example of a type of random access procedure. For example, the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 may implement a 1 / 2 / 3 / 4-step random access procedure, and the procedure utilized may be dependent on the service type, the type of data to be communicated, communication conditions, and / or another condition. In some cases, the reader device 205 may indicate (e.g., via a forward link trigger message) the quantity of operations for the communication procedure 215, such as whether the communication procedure 215 is a 1 / 2 / 3 / 4-step procedure.
[0091] Further, the ambient IoT device 210 may be associated with various types of identifiers, such as a unique identifier or a temporary identifier. In RFID scenarios, selection of specific tags may be supported. For example, the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 may support functions such as a select command and a query procedure. The select command may set sequences (e.g., up to 28 = 256 bits) to mask for tag filtering. A query procedure may be a 4-step solution for contention resolution. For tag identifiers, an ambient IoT device may support the following identifiers and combinations thereof:
[0092] Long application layer identifier → allocated by application, and may be an example of an electronic product code (EPC) in a tag (e.g., a RFID tag) ;
[0093] Long tag hardware identifier → allocated by manufacturer, and may be an example of a tag identifier (TID) in a tag (e.g., a RFID tag) ;
[0094] Long tag network identifier → allocated by network;
[0095] Short tag temporary layer 1 (L1) -identifier → allocated by 3GPP network or generated by tag for temporary addressing between one or more reader and the tag.
[0096] As described herein, the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 may implement one or more communication procedures (e.g., the communication procedure 215) to support various functionalities, such as different service types (e.g., inventory or command) . In some cases, the communication procedure 215 may be associated with a default quantity of messages to be exchanged between the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless communications system 200 may support the reader dynamically indicating the quantity of messages (e.g., the quantity of steps) for a communication procedure to the ambient IoT device 210. Techniques described herein support the reader device 205 adjusting the default step number via a dynamic indication of a quantity of additional or reduced messages such that the quantity of messages to be exchanged between the reader device 205 and the ambient IoT device 210 in accordance with the communication procedure 215 is different from the default quantity. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205 may be able to dynamically and implicitly indicate the quantity of messages to be exchanged in accordance with the communication procedure 215. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205 and / or the ambient IoT device 210 may dynamically determine the quantity of messages to be exchanged based on various conditions or considerations. Note that the communication procedure 215 may support both inventory and command service types. Further, techniques herein may be described with respect to an “X-step” (e.g., a 2-step or 4-step communication procedure, such as a 2-step or 4-step random access procedure) , but it should be understand that, in the context of ambient IoT communications, these procedures may be equivalent to an ambient IoT X+1 step communication procedure due to the ambient A-IoT traffic being triggered by the reader device 205 via a forward link trigger message
[0097] As described herein, the wireless communications system 200 mays support the reader device 205 dynamically indicating a change to a default quantity of messages associated with the communication procedure 215. For example, the communication procedure 215 includes a default quantity of messages of two messages (e.g., X-step communication, or X-1 step RA) that includes A-IoT message -1 (msg-1) 225 and A-IoT msg-2 230. As noted here, the forward link trigger message 220 may be used to trigger the communication procedure 215 and may be considered A-IoT msg-0. In some examples, the default quantity of operations / messages (e.g., X = 3-step communication or X = 2-step RA) may be configured at the reader device 205 and / or the ambient IoT device 210. As such, the forward link trigger message may not include an indication of the default quantity of messages. To support the dynamic change to the default quantity of messages, a message Y (transmitted by the reader device 205) may include an indication that message Y+1 is to be transmitted (e.g., by the ambient IoT device 210) . For example, in communication procedure 215, the A-IoT msg-2 230 may include an indication or instruction that A-IoT msg-3 235 be transmitted by the ambient IoT device 210. In some examples, the A-IoT msg2 230 may include an indication or instruction as to whether the A-IoT msg4 240 is to be transmitted or not. Thus, the A-IoT msg-2 230 may include a dynamic indication of a change to the default quantity of operations.
[0098] Communication procedure 215 may be an example of an A-IoT inventor procedure. Similar techniques may be applicable to an A-IoT command procedure. In such cases, a first message (e.g., a forward link command) may indicate that whether a second message (e.g., a backward link response) is to be transmitted by the ambient IoT device 210) . In this example, the default number of steps (e.g., X = 1) may not be explicitly indicated in the forward link command, but the forward link command may indicate whether the backward link response is to be transmitted or not.
[0099] In some cases, the forward link trigger message 220 may include an indication of the default quantity of messages. Thus, in the example of the communication procedure 215, the forward link trigger message 220 may indicate X = 3-step communication (e.g., 2-step RA) , and then the A-IoT msg2 230 may indicate that the subsequent A-IoT msg3 is to be transmitted by the ambient IoT device 210. Further, instead of an increase in the default quantity of messages, one or more messages may indicate that the default quantity is to be decreased by one or more messages.
[0100] Moreover, as described herein, the reader device 205 may dynamically indicate a number of steps or messages to be exchanged in accordance with a communication procedure and the dynamic indication may be explicit (e.g., via a set of bits in the forward link trigger message) or implicit. In the case of implicit indications, several options may be available. According to a first option, the forward link packets (e.g., the forward link trigger) may indicate a target tag identifier type (or other information) , and the ambient IoT device 410 may deduce or determine the quantity of messages (e.g., quantity of random access steps) accordingly. For example, if the reader device 205 intends to read the temporary short identifier, the forward link trigger may indication a reader identifier type of temporary short identifier type, and the identifier type indication may implicitly indicate a X = 4 or X = 5 communication procedure (and that the forward link trigger is the X-1th step) . As another example, if the reader requests the tag log identifier in the forward link trigger (e.g., msg 0) , then the ambient IoT device 410 may assume that the communication procedure is X = 2 or X = 3 operations (and the forward link trigger is the X-1th step) . As described herein, the target tag identifier type may be indicated by the indicated backward link resource size.
[0101] As another option for implicit indications for the quantity of messages to be exchanged for the communication procedure, then the forward link packets may indicate the target tag type (e.g., device 1, device 2a, device 2b) of the ambient IoT device 210. The indicated target tag type may implicitly indicate the quantity of operations. For example, device 1 = 4 step random access, device 2 = 2-step random access. As another option for implicit indications of the quantity of messages to be exchanged for the communication procedure, the A-IoT communication purpose or service type, such as whether the communication procedure is for an inventory service type or a command service type. For example, if the communication service type may be command, and the type of command (e.g., read, write, lock, unlock, kill) may implicitly indicate the quantity of random access messages or steps. As another example, if the service type is inventory, then it may be implied that the communication procedure is a 2-step or 4-step random access procedure, and if the service type is command, it may be implied that that the communication procedure is a one step or two step communication procedure. As another option for an implicit indication of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, whether the backlink resource is contention based or contention free may be indicative of the quantity of messages to be exchanged. For example, if the backlink resource is contention based, then a 4-step random access procedure is implied, and if the backlink resources is contention free, then a 2-step random access is implied.
[0102] Further, the reader device 205 (e.g., a UE 115 may be able to dynamically determine the quantity of operations for the communication procedure or may be dynamically configured with the quantity of operations for the communication procedure. For example, the reader device may be dynamically configured with the quantity of random access messages via layer 1 signaling (e.g., DCI) , layer 2 signaling (e.g., MAC-CE) , and / or via another type of control signaling.
[0103] Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205 may apply a rule to determine the quantity of messages to be exchanged, and the rule may be configured or provided to the reader device 205. In accordance with a first rule, if the collision, empty, or success probability of a contention based msg1 / A (of a random access procedure) is above or below a threshold, then the reader device 205 may determine the quantity of operations accordingly. For example, f the reader detects the resources for msg1 are relatively empty, then the reader device 205 assumes relatively few tags have sought access and that msg4 is not to be exchanged and that msg1 through msg3 are usable to perform the communication procedure. In accordance with a second rule, if the estimated quantity of tags in an area is above or below a threshold, then the reader device 205 may determine the quantity of access messages accordingly. For example, more tags (e.g., above a threshold) results in more messages (e.g., 4-step RA) .
[0104] In accordance with a third rule, if the estimated interference level (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ) is above or below a threshold, then the reader device 205 may determine the quantity of operations accordingly. For example, higher interference (e.g., above threshold) may result in additional operations (e.g., 4-step RA) and lower interference (e.g., below threshold) may result in fewer operations (e.g., 2-step RA) . In accordance with a fourth rule, the quantity of operations may be dependent on the backlink traffic load or message size. For example, if the backlink traffic load (e.g., message size) is above a threshold, then the reader device 205 may determine the quantity of operations accordingly. More particularly, a message size threshold may be configured at the reader device 205, and if the backward link message size is greater than the threshold, then the reader device 205 may determine that a 2-step RA (with an ACK from the reader device 205) is to be exchanged. Otherwise, the reader device 205 may determine 1-step RA. In some examples, more backlink traffic results in more messages (e.g., 4-step RA) .
[0105] In accordance fifth rule, the quantity of messages may be dependent on the service type to be supported by the communication procedure. For example, if the service type is type 1 (e.g., inventory service) , then the communication procedure may be performed message by message (with possible extension) as described in further detail herein. If the service type is type 2 (e.g., command service) , then the devices may utilize the default quantity of messages. As another example rule, if the reader device 205 decodes msg1 and determines that the tag is previously inventories (e.g., layer 1 identifier pre-allocated to tag is still valid) , then the reader device 205 may determine that msg3 / 4 are not to be exchanged.
[0106] In some cases, the ambient IoT device 210 may determine or request a preferred quantity of random access operations and the preferred quantity may be indicated via msg1 / A. In some examples, the ambient IoT device 210 determines the quantity of operations (e.g., short or long RA) based on an energy state of the ambient IoT device 210. The reader device 205 may indicate whether the tag is to report a preferred quantity of messages. In some cases, the preferred quantity of messages may be reported by the ambient IoT device 210 based on the type of identifier (e.g., long identifier, hardware identifier, application identifier, short or truncated identifier) reported to the reader device 205, and the reader device 205 may determine the quantity of messages accordingly. The ambient IoT device 210 may also determine or report the quantity of messages based on a backward link traffic load (e.g., message size) . Example a threshold may be configured, and if the backward link message size is greater than the threshold, then the two-step random access (e.g., with an ACK from the reader device 205) may be implemented. Otherwise, the one-step communication procedure may be implemented.
[0107] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show examples of process flows 300 that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flows 300 include a reader device 305, which may be an example of the reader device 205 of FIG. 2, and an ambient IoT device 310, which may be an example of the ambient IoT device 210 of FIG. 2. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some operations are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, operations may include additional features not mentioned below, or further operations may be added. Although the reader device 305 and the ambient IoT device 310 are shown performing the operations of the process flow 300, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other components or systems.
[0108] As described with respect to FIG. 2, the reader device 305 may dynamically change the default quantity of messages for a communication procedure such that the quantity of messages exchanged in accordance with the communication procedure is different from the default quantity. In process flow 300-a of FIG. 3A, the reader device 305 transmits message Y 315, which may be a first message in the communication procedure (e.g., a forward link trigger message) or may be message N of the communication procedure. The message Y 315 may dynamically indicate whether message Y + 1 320 is to be transmitted by the ambient IoT device 310 or not. Additionally, or alternatively, message Y 315 may indicate whether one or more subsequent messages (e.g., Y + 1, Y + 2, Y + 3) are to be transmitted in accordance with the communication procedure.
[0109] The indication (e.g., in message Y 315) may be an explicit indication or an implicit indication. For example, in the case of an explicit indication, a set of bits may be included in the message Y 315 (e.g., in a control message, MAC-CE message, and / or the PRDCH message) . Each bit may correspond to one of the subsequent messages. For example, in the case of an implicit indication, one or more of various options may be used. In a first example, if message Y 315 does not include grants for message Y + 1 320, then msg Y + 1 320 (and / or further msg Y + 2 and other subsequent packets) is not to be transmitted. Alternatively, if message Y 315 includes a grant for message Y + 1 then message Y 315 implicitly indicates that message Y +1 is to be transmitted. In another option, if message Y 315 does not include an acknowledgement (ACK) for message Y -1 or includes a negative acknowledgement (NACK) for msg Y -1, then message Y + 1 (and / or further msg Y+2 and other subsequent packets) is not to be transmitted. Alternatively, if message Y 315 includes an ACK for message Y –1, then the ACK may implicitly indicate that message Y + 1 is to be transmitted. In another option, if message Y is not transmitted by the reader device 305, then it may be implied that message Y + 1 320 is not to be transmitted. Alternatively, if message Y 315 is transmitted, it is implied that message Y + 1 320 is to be transmitted. It should be understood that message Y may be an example of msg 0, msg 2 / B, and / or msg 4 of a communication procedure (e.g., random access procedure) , and message Y + 1 may be an example of msg 1 / A or msg 3 of the communication procedure.
[0110] The message Y 315 may also include additional information or indications. For example, message Y 315 may indicate whether message Y + 1 320 is to be repeated (e.g., is subject to repetition) , a cast type of message Y 315, resources (e.g., time frequency resources) to be used for message Y + 1 320, whether message Y + 1 320 is subject to a random resource selection, and / or whether message Y + 1 320 is to include feedback (e.g., ACK or NACK) in response to message Y 315. The message Y 315 may also indicate whether the communications (e.g., the communication procedure) is for a particular service type, such as inventory (e.g., random access) or command. The message Y 315 may additionally include a requested target tag identifier type, such as a long identifier, a short identifier, type of long identifier (e.g., hardware identifier, application layer identifier, network provided identifier) , and / or a type of short identifier. The identifier type may be requested either explicitly or implicitly. For example, in the case of an implicit indication, the message Y 315 may include a set of bits to denote the target identifier type. In the case of an implicit indication, the message Y 315 may include an indication of a backward link resource size that implicit indicates the target identifier type. For example, if the backward link resource size is relatively too small, then the message Y 315 may be requesting a short temporary identifier. Alternatively, if the backward link resource size is relatively large, then the message Y 315 may be requesting a long identifier. The message Y 315 may also include an indication of whether additional data is requested from the ambient IoT device 310, such as an identifier, a scheduling request (A-IoT SR) , an A-IoT buffer status report (BSR) , and / or A-IoT data in memory or sensor data.
[0111] Additionally, the message Y + 1 (e.g., from the ambient IoT device 310) may include additional information. Example information contained in message Y + 1 320 may include a tag identifier and / or the identifier type (e.g., long identifier, short identifier, type of long or short identifier) . The message Y + 1 320 may additionally or alternatively contain other information such as the A-IoT SR, A-IoT BSR, A-IoT data in memory or in the sensor, ACK or NACK (and corresponding error code if NACK) . The message Y + 1 320 may include a type of the ambient IoT device 310, such as whether the ambient IoT device is a device 1, a device 2a, or device 2b. The message Y + 1 320 may also include an energy state (e.g., full, half charge) , an amplifier status (e.g., on or off) , and / or an amplifier gain value.
[0112] In the process flow 300-b of FIG. 3B, the default quantity of messages may be three (e.g., X = 3) . In accordance with the techniques described herein, the message Y + 2 335 (e.g., A-IoT msg2) may indicate whether message Y + 3 340 is to be transmitted or not. Additionally, or alternatively, the message Y + 2 335 may indicate whether message Y + 3 340 and / or message Y + 4 345 (e.g., A-IoT msg4) is to be transmitted or not. These indications may be in the form of a set of bits, whether message Y + 2 335 includes a grant for message Y + 3 340, and / or whether message Y + 2 335 includes an ACK for message Y –1 330 (e.g., A-IoT msg 1) . In some examples, a forward link trigger message 325 (e.g., A-IoT msg0) and message Y + 2 335 (A-IoT msg2) may indicate different target tag identifier types. For example, msg 0 may target a short identifier, and msg2 may target a long identifier. Additionally, mesg2 may contain additional information as discussed herein. In some cases, if msg2 does not contain an ACK of msg1, if msg2 does not contain resources for msg3, and / or msg2 contains a NACK for msg1, then it may be implied that msg3 is not to be transmitted. In some examples, the msg0 and the msg2 may be the same inventory command (e.g., query) but for different target tag identifier types.
[0113] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show examples of process flows 400 that support configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flows 400 include a reader device 405, which may be an example of the reader device 205 of FIG. 2 and the reader device 305 of FIG. 3, and an ambient IoT device 410, which may be an example of the ambient IoT device 210 of FIG. 2 and the ambient IoT device 310 of FIG. 3. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some operations are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, operations may include additional features not mentioned below, or further operations may be added. Although the reader device 405 and the ambient IoT device 410 are shown performing the operations of the process flow 400, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other components or systems.
[0114] In the process flow 400-a of FIG. 4A, the default quantity of messages for the communication procedure may be two (e.g., X = 1 or 2-step communication procedure) or one (e.g., 1-step communication procedure) , such as to at least include message Y 415, and in the case of X = 2, message Y + 1 420. In the case of a 1-step communication procedure, message Y 415 may be exchanged, and message Y 415 may indicate whether one or more subsequent messages (e.g., message Y + 1 420) are to be exchanged. In this example, the message Y 415 may be a forward link packet (e.g., msg0, forward link trigger, or command) that indicates whether a backward link response (e.g., message Y + 1) is to be transmitted or not.
[0115] In the case of the communication procedure of the process flow 400-a being a 2-step communication, message Y 415 and message Y + 1 420 may be exchanged as a default. Further, a message Y + 2 425 may be used to dynamically adjust the default quantity of operations. For example, message Y + 2 425 may indicate whether subsequent messages (e.g., message Y + 3 430 and / or message Y + 4 435) are to be exchanged or not. In some examples, transmission of message Y + 2 425 may implicitly indicate that message Y + 3 430 is to be transmitted. Thus, in communication procedure with a default 2-step communication, the trigger message (e.g., message Y 415) , msg0 (message Y + 1 420) may be exchanged as a default, and msg3 (e.g., message Y + 2 425) and msg4 (e.g., message Y + 3 430) may be optional.
[0116] The process flow 400-b may be an example of a X = 4 communication procedure or a X = 5 communication procedure. In the case of the 4-step communication procedure, message Y 440, message Y + 1 445, message Y + 2 450, and message Y + 3 455 may be exchanged as a default. Similarly, in the case of the 5-step communication procedure, message Y 440, message Y + 1 445, message Y + 2 450, and message Y + 3 455, and message Y + 4 460 may be exchanged as a default. In such cases, message Y +2 450 may be indicative of whether message Y+3 455 and / or Y + 4 460 are to be exchanged. For example, for random access, Y = 0, msg2 (e.g., message Y + 2 450) may indicate whether msg3 (e.g., message Y + 3 455) and / or msg4 (e.g., message Y + 4 460) are to be exchanged.
[0117] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0118] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0119] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0120] The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0121] In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0122] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, a NPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0123] In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0124] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0125] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0126] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0127] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources by dynamically adapting the quantity of messages to be used for a communication procedure between a reader device and a ambient IoT device.
[0128] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one of more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0129] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0130] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0131] The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a first message interface 625, a communication procedure component 630, a message quantity component 635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0132] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The first message interface 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The communication procedure component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The first message interface 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. The communication procedure component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0134] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The message quantity component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. The first message interface 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. The communication procedure component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0135] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a first message interface 725, a communication procedure component 730, a message quantity component 735, a bit component 740, an implicit indication component 745, a second message interface 750, a trigger component 755, an identifier type component 760, a device type component 765, a communication type component 770, a resource type component 775, a control signaling interface 780, a request interface 785, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0136] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The first message interface 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The communication procedure component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0137] In some examples, the first message indicates that a second message, that is immediately subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure, is to be communicated by the A-IoT device to the reader device.
[0138] In some examples, the first message indicates that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0139] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the bit component 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a set of bits that indicate that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0140] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the implicit indication component 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an implicit indication that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0141] In some examples, the implicit indication is based on whether a grant for the one or more second messages is included in the first message or whether an acknowledgement for a prior message to the first message is included in the first message.
[0142] In some examples, the first message is further indicative of whether a subsequent message to the first message is subject to repetition, a set of resources to be used for transmission of the subsequent message, whether the subsequent message is to include feedback for the first message, a service type indicator, an identifier type for the A-IoT device, a length of an identifier for the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0143] In some examples, at least one of a set of bits in the first message or a resource size indicated by the first message is indicative of an identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device.
[0144] In some examples, the second message interface 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, a second message that is indicative of a tag identifier, data type in memory associated with the A-IoT device, feedback associated with the first message, a type of the A-IoT device, an energy state associated with the A-IoT device, an amplifier status, an amplifier gain value, or a combination thereof.
[0145] In some examples, the trigger component 755 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device prior to the first message, a forward link trigger message that triggers the communication procedure. In some examples, the second message interface 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the forward link trigger message and prior to the first message, a second message, where the first message is transmitted in response to the second message and indicates that one or more third messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0146] In some examples, the default quantity of messages is two or three and the first message is message 2 of the communication procedure.
[0147] In some examples, the default quantity of messages is four or five and the first message is a message 2 of the communication procedure and is indicative of whether message 4 of the communication procedure is to be exchanged between the reader and the A-IoT device.
[0148] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the first message interface 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. In some examples, the communication procedure component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0149] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the identifier type component 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an identifier type for the A-IoT device that is to be communicated by the A-IoT device in accordance the communication procedure, where the identifier type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0150] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the device type component 765 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an A-IoT device type for the A-IoT device, where the A- IoT device type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0151] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the communication type component 770 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of a type for the communication procedure, where the type is one of an inventory procedure or a command procedure and where the type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0152] In some examples, to support transmitting the first message, the resource type component 775 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of whether a backlink resource to be used by the A-IoT device for the communication procedure is a contention based resource or a contention free resource, where the quantity of messages to be exchanged is implicitly indicated based on whether the backlink resource is the contention based resource or the contention free resource.
[0153] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The message quantity component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. In some examples, the first message interface 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. In some examples, the communication procedure component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0154] In some examples, the control signaling interface 780 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the control signaling that is indicative of the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0155] In some examples, the quantity of messages is determined using the rule in accordance with a collision probability associated with receipt of second message from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, an estimated identifier value for the A-IoT device relative to a threshold, an estimated interference associated with exchange of one or more messages of the communication procedure, a traffic load associated with exchange of one or more message of the communication procedure, a service type of the communication procedure, an inventory status of the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0156] In some examples, the request interface 785 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the A-IoT device, a message that indicates a requested quantity of communications to be exchanged during the communication procedure, where the reader device determines the quantity of messages based on the requested quantity of messages, and where the requested quantity of messages is based on a identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device during the communication procedure, an energy state of the A-IoT device, traffic load associated with one or more of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, or a combination thereof.
[0157] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 810, a transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, at least one memory 830, code 835, and at least one processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) .
[0158] The I / O controller 810 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I / O controller 810 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 840. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 810.
[0159] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 825 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0160] The at least one memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 835. The code 835 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 830 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0161] The at least one processor 840 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 840. The at least one processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include at least one processor 840 and at least one memory 830 coupled with or to the at least one processor 840, the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0162] In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 830 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 840) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 830) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 840 or a processing system including the at least one processor 840 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 835 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 830 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0163] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0164] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0165] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0166] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources by dynamically adapting the quantity of messages to be used for a communication procedure between a reader device and a ambient IoT device.
[0167] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 840, the at least one memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure as described herein, or the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0168] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 920, a transceiver 910, one or more antennas 915, at least one memory 925, code 930, and at least one processor 935. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 940) .
[0169] The transceiver 910 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 905 may include one or more antennas 915, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 910 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 915, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 915, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 905. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0170] The at least one memory 925 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 925 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 930. The code 930 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 935, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 930 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 930 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 935 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 925 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0171] The at least one processor 935 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 935 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 935. The at least one processor 935 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 925) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 935 and at least one memory 925 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 935, the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 935 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 930) to perform the functions of the device 905. The at least one processor 935 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 905 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 925) .
[0172] In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 935) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 925) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 935 or a processing system including the at least one processor 935 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 925 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0173] In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 905, or between different components of the device 905 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 905 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 920, the transceiver 910, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, and the at least one processor 935 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0174] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 920 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 920 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0175] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0176] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0177] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining, at the reader device, based on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0178] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources by dynamically adapting the quantity of messages to be used for a communication procedure between a reader device and a ambient IoT device.
[0179] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 910, the one or more antennas 915 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 910, one or more of the at least one processor 935, one or more of the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 930 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 935 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure as described herein, or the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0180] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0181] At 1005, the method may include transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a first message interface 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0182] At 1010, the method may include communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a communication procedure component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0183] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0184] At 1105, the method may include transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a first message interface 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0185] At 1110, the method may include communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a communication procedure component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0186] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports configuration of a quantity of steps in an ambient internet of things communication procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0187] At 1205, the method may include determining, at the reader device, based at least in part on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based at least in part on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a message quantity component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0188] At 1210, the method may include transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a first message interface 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0189] At 1215, the method may include communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a communication procedure component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0190] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0191] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising: transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages; and communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.
[0192] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first message indicates that a second message, that is immediately subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure, is to be communicated by the A-IoT device to the reader device.
[0193] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein the first message indicates that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0194] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting a set of bits that indicate that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0195] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting an implicit indication that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0196] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the implicit indication is based at least in part on whether a grant for the one or more second messages is included in the first message or whether an acknowledgement for a prior message to the first message is included in the first message.
[0197] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the first message is further indicative of whether a subsequent message to the first message is subject to repetition, a set of resources to be used for transmission of the subsequent message, whether the subsequent message is to include feedback for the first message, a service type indicator, an identifier type for the A-IoT device, a length of an identifier for the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0198] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein at least one of a set of bits in the first message or a resource size indicated by the first message is indicative of an identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device.
[0199] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, a second message that is indicative of a tag identifier, data type in memory associated with the A-IoT device, feedback associated with the first message, a type of the A-IoT device, an energy state associated with the A-IoT device, an amplifier status, an amplifier gain value, or a combination thereof.
[0200] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: transmitting, to the A-IoT device prior to the first message, a forward link trigger message that triggers the communication procedure; and receiving, from the A-IoT device in response to the forward link trigger message and prior to the first message, a second message, wherein the first message is transmitted in response to the second message and indicates that one or more third messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.
[0201] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the default quantity of messages is two or three and the first message is message 2 of the communication procedure.
[0202] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 10, wherein the default quantity of messages is four or five and the first message is a message 2 of the communication procedure and is indicative of whether message 4 of the communication procedure is to be exchanged between the reader and the A-IoT device.
[0203] Aspect 13: A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising: transmitting, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device; and communicating, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.
[0204] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting an indication of an identifier type for the A-IoT device that is to be communicated by the A-IoT device in accordance the communication procedure, wherein the identifier type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0205] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 through 14, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting an indication of an A-IoT device type for the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0206] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 13 through 15, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting an indication of a type for the communication procedure, wherein the type is one of an inventory procedure or a command procedure and wherein the type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0207] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 13 through 16, wherein transmitting the first message comprises: transmitting an indication of whether a backlink resource to be used by the A-IoT device for the communication procedure is a contention based resource or a contention free resource, wherein the quantity of messages to be exchanged is implicitly indicated based at least in part on whether the backlink resource is the contention based resource or the contention free resource.
[0208] Aspect 18: A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising: determining, at the reader device, based at least in part on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device; transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages; and communicating with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.
[0209] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, further comprising: receiving the control signaling that is indicative of the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.
[0210] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 18 through 19, wherein the quantity of messages is determined using the rule in accordance with a collision probability associated with receipt of second message from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, an estimated identifier value for the A-IoT device relative to a threshold, an estimated interference associated with exchange of one or more messages of the communication procedure, a traffic load associated with exchange of one or more message of the communication procedure, a service type of the communication procedure, an inventory status of the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.
[0211] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 18 through 20, further comprising: receiving, from the A-IoT device, a message that indicates a requested quantity of communications to be exchanged during the communication procedure, wherein the reader device determines the quantity of messages based at least in part on the requested quantity of messages, and wherein the requested quantity of messages is based at least in part on a identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device during the communication procedure, an energy state of the A-IoT device, traffic load associated with one or more of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, or a combination thereof.
[0212] Aspect 22: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0213] Aspect 23: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0214] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0215] Aspect 25: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 17.
[0216] Aspect 26: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 13 through 17.
[0217] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 17.
[0218] Aspect 28: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, or electrically) the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 21.
[0219] Aspect 29: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 18 through 21.
[0220] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 21.
[0221] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0222] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0223] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0224] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0225] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0226] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, phase change memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0227] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., including a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ” As used herein, the term “and / or, ” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
[0228] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0229] The term “determine” or “determining” or “identify” or “identifying” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” or “identifying” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” or “identifying” can include receiving (such as receiving information or signaling, e.g., receiving information or signaling for determining, receiving information or signaling for identifying) , accessing (such as accessing data in a memory , or accessing information) and the like. Also, “determining” or “identifying” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing and other such similar actions.
[0230] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0231] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0232] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that is indicative that a default quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device is to be changed by a first quantity of messages so that a total quantity of messages in the communication procedure is different from the default quantity of messages; andcommunicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the total quantity of messages.2.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the first message indicates that a second message, that is immediately subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure, is to be communicated by the A-IoT device to the reader device.3.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the first message indicates that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.4.The reader device of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit a set of bits that indicate that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.5.The reader device of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit an implicit indication that one or more second messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.6.The reader device of claim 5, wherein the implicit indication is based at least in part on whether a grant for the one or more second messages is included in the first message or whether an acknowledgement for a prior message to the first message is included in the first message.7.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the first message is further indicative of whether a subsequent message to the first message is subject to repetition, a set of resources to be used for transmission of the subsequent message, whether the subsequent message is to include feedback for the first message, a service type indicator, an identifier type for the A-IoT device, a length of an identifier for the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.8.The reader device of claim 1, wherein at least one of a set of bits in the first message or a resource size indicated by the first message is indicative of an identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device.9.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit, to the A-IoT device prior to the first message, a forward link trigger message that triggers the communication procedure; andreceive, from the A-IoT device in response to the forward link trigger message and prior to the first message, a second message, wherein the first message is transmitted in response to the second message and indicates that one or more third messages subsequent to the first message in the communication procedure are to be exchanged between the A-IoT device and the reader device.10.The reader device of claim 9, wherein the default quantity of messages is two or three and the first message is message 2 of the communication procedure.11.The reader device of claim 9, wherein the default quantity of messages is four or five and the first message is a message 2 of the communication procedure and is indicative of whether message 4 of the communication procedure is to be exchanged between the reader and the A-IoT device.12.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit, to an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a first message that implicitly indicates a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and the A-IoT device; andcommunicate, with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the implicit indication.13.The reader device of claim 12, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit an indication of an identifier type for the A-IoT device that is to be communicated by the A-IoT device in accordance the communication procedure, wherein the identifier type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.14.The reader device of claim 12, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit an indication of an A-IoT device type for the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.15.The reader device of claim 12, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit an indication of a type for the communication procedure, wherein the type is one of an inventory procedure or a command procedure and wherein the type implicitly indicates the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.16.The reader device of claim 12, wherein, to transmit the first message, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit an indication of whether a backlink resource to be used by the A-IoT device for the communication procedure is a contention based resource or a contention free resource, wherein the quantity of messages to be exchanged is implicitly indicated based at least in part on whether the backlink resource is the contention based resource or the contention free resource.17.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:determine, at the reader device, based at least in part on a rule pertaining to communication procedures between the reader device and ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices, or based on control signaling, or both, a quantity of messages to be exchanged during a communication procedure between the reader device and an A-IoT device;transmit, to the A-IoT device, a first message that is indicative of the quantity of messages; andcommunicate with the A-IoT device during the communication procedure in accordance with the quantity of messages.18.The reader device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive the control signaling that is indicative of the quantity of messages to be exchanged during the communication procedure.19.The reader device of claim 17, wherein the quantity of messages is determined using the rule in accordance with a collision probability associated with receipt of second message from the A-IoT device in response to the first message, an estimated identifier value for the A-IoT device relative to a threshold, an estimated interference associated with exchange of one or more messages of the communication procedure, a traffic load associated with exchange of one or more message of the communication procedure, a service type of the communication procedure, an inventory status of the A-IoT device, or a combination thereof.20.The reader device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive, from the A-IoT device, a message that indicates a requested quantity of communications to be exchanged during the communication procedure, wherein the reader device determines the quantity of messages based at least in part on the requested quantity of messages, and wherein the requested quantity of messages is based at least in part on a identifier type to be communicated by the A-IoT device during the communication procedure, an energy state of the A-IoT device, traffic load associated with one or more of the quantity of messages to be exchanged, or a combination thereof.
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