Water-continuous composition for a durable silicone coating
A combination of silicone resins and a thermally degradable surfactant in a water-continuous dispersion addresses the challenges of achieving durable and environmentally friendly silicone coatings with enhanced properties, including hardness, boiling water resistance, and chemical resistance, while optionally providing non-stick performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/095177
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
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Figure PCTCN2024095177-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024095177-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024095177-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
WATER-CONTINUOUS COMPOSITION FOR A DURABLE SILICONE COATINGFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a water-continuous coating composition that is useful for making durable silicone coatings.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Durable coatings are useful for applying to substrate materials such as cookware to enhance the properties of the substrate materials. Coatings can improve a substrate's physical properties such as scratch resistance and hardness as well as chemical properties such as water resistance or oil resistance.
[0004] Durable coatings historically were applied to substrates using organic carrier fluids. More recently, the undesirable challenge with volatile organic compounds and extractable organic materials in coatings has caused development to move from organic liquid-based coating compositions to aqueous coating compositions. Coating components are often water-insoluble so aqueous-based coating composition are often water-continuous dispersions or emulsions of the components.
[0005] One rather common coating material for achieving non-stick properties is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) . However, particularly more recently, per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has become an undesirable material for the environment. Therefore, there is a desire to move away from use of PTFE for coating compositions.
[0006] Silicone aqueous-based coating compositions have become desirable due to their ability to provide multiple coating properties and also avoid organic carrier fluids. Yet, it can still be challenging to achieve a combination of all the desirable properties for a durable coating, particularly in a silicone aqueous-based coating composition. It is desirable to identify a coating composition that is a silicone aqueous-based coating composition that is a water-continuous dispersion that is stable to phase separation and that cures to form a silicone coating that has the following characteristics: Hardness -no cracking and at least 2H pencil hardness in accordance with ASTM D3363 testing; Boiling Water Resistance -no visible change to coating after boiling water for one hour; Heat Resistance -no visible change to coating after heating to 300 ℃ for one hour; and Chemical Resistance -Pass MEK Rub Test described herein below. It is also desirable if the coating composition uses a surfactant that thermally decomposes at temperatures of 280 ℃ after 30 minutes so as to eliminate free surfactant from in a cured coating formed from the coating composition. Even more desirable is if the coating additionally has the following characteristic: Non-Stick -Pass both Non-Stick Performance Test and Non-Stick Durability test as described herein below.SUMMARY
[0007] The present invention provides a coating composition that is a silicone aqueous-based coating composition that is a water-continuous dispersion that is stable to phase separation according to the Stability Test described hereinbelow, that uses a surfactant (typically its only surfactant (s) ) a surfactant or combination of surfactants that experiences at least 90 weight-percent weight loss when heated to 280 degrees Celsius (℃) for 30 minutes, and that cures to form a silicone coating and that has all of the following characteristics: (i) Hardness -no cracking and at least 2H pencil hardness in accordance with ASTM D3363 testing; (ii) Boiling Water Resistance -no visible change to coating after boiling water for one hour; (iii) Heat Resistance -no visible change to coating after heating to 300 ℃ for one hour; and (iv) Chemical Resistance -Pass MEK Rub Test after greater than 200 rub passes. When the coating composition contains a non-stick additive according to the teaching below, the composition additionally provides a coating having the following characteristic in addition to those mentioned for (i) - (iv) : (v) Non-Stick -Pass both Non-Stick Performance Test and Non-Stick Durability test as described herein below.
[0008] The present invention is a result of discovering that a specific combination of solid and liquid silicone resins along with use of a particular highly thermally degradable surfactant (>90%weight-loss after 30 minutes at 280 ℃) in a certain concentration range surprisingly provides the above-mentioned results. The composition can further be substantially or even entirely free of any one or any combination of more than one of the following: organic solvents, polyorganosiloxane hybrid resins, and silicone-polyester copolymer resins.
[0009] The performance of the coatings from the inventive composition is particularly surprising in view of the particularly demanding water resistance test. For example, simple contact angle tests can provide some indication of static hydrophobicity of a coating surface. However, a boiling water test evaluates the dynamic resistance of a coating to water but over time at a high temperature and not only on its exposed surface but at the interface of the coating and a substrate on which is resides. Passing the Boiling Water Resistance test is significantly more demanding than simply demonstrating a high water contact angle and provides more information than just a measure of hydrophobicity of a coating surface.
[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention is a coating composition comprising the following components: (a) 15 to 45 weight-percent of a liquid silicone resin with silicon-bound alkoxy groups, silicon-bound phenyl groups, and silicon-bound alkyl groups; (b) 15 to 40 weight-percent of a solid silicone resin with Si-OH groups, silicon-bound phenyl groups, and silicon-bound alkyl groups; (c) zero to 10 weight-percent of a non-stick additive; (d) 2 to 10 weight-percent of a surfactant that experiences greater than 90 weight-percent weight-loss, based on surfactant weight, when exposed to a temperature of 280 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes and that is selected from one or a combination or more than one surfactant having the following structure: R” - (OCH2CH2) eA; where R” is a hydrocarbyl having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, subscript e is the average number of (OCH2CH2) units per molecule and is a value in a range of 10 to 15; and A is selected from -OH and -O-, where -O-is optionally associated with a cationic counterion; (e) 20 to 68 weight-percent of water; and wherein the composition has a continuous water phase; the weight-percent values for each component are relative to the weight of the coating composition; and wherein the components in the coating composition have a mole ratio of silicon-bound phenyl groups to silicon-bound alkyl groups that is in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 and a mole ratio of Si-OH groups to Si-OZ groups that is 0.2 or higher.
[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process comprising the steps of providing a coating composition of the first aspect, and then applying the coating composition to a substrate to form a coating on the substrate.
[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention is an article comprising a substrate and the coating composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the coating composition is coating at least a portion of the substrate to form a coating on the substrate and wherein the coating composition is either non-cured or cured.
[0013] The present invention is useful for providing aqueous-based silicone coating compositions that can cure to form silicone coatings having particularly desirable characteristics that can be useful, for example, as coatings on cookware.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number.
[0015] Materials identified only by a product name or tradename refer to the material sold under that product name or tradename at the priority filing date of this document unless otherwise stated herein.
[0016] “Multiple” means two or more. “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated. The sum of components in a composition do not exceed 100 weight-percent or volume-percent based respectively on the weight or volume of the composition.
[0017] “Substantially free” means containing 5 weight-percent (wt%) or less, preferably 4 wt%or less, 3 wt%or less, 2 wt%or less, one wt%or less, 0.5 wt%or less, 0.1 wt%or less, and most preferably free of the specified component based on the weight of the coating composition weight unless specifically noted as relative to something else.
[0018] Polysiloxanes ( “siloxanes” ) comprise multiple siloxane units linked together through siloxane bonds. Siloxane units can be characterized by the designation M, D, T or Q. Unless stated otherwise: “M” correspond to R3SiO1 / 2 siloxane units. “D” corresponds to R2SiO2 / 2. “T” corresponds to RSiO3 / 2 siloxane units. “Q” corresponds to SiO4 / 2 siloxane units. Notably, an oxygen atom having a multiple of “1 / 2” subscript is an oxygen of a siloxane bond that is shared with a silicon atom of two siloxane units including the one of the subject siloxane unit. The numerator of the subscript indicates how many shared oxygen atoms are attached to the silicon atom. For example, SiO3 / 2 has three siloxane bonded oxygen atoms that are shared with other siloxane units. Each R group is selected from hydrogen (H) and hydrocarbyl groups. Silicon-bound hydroxyl (Si-OH) and alkoxy (Si-OR) groups are collectively called “OZ” groups and are identified in siloxane formulations herein as (HO1 / 2) or (RO1 / 2) units (or collectively as (ZO1 / 2) units) , where the O1 / 2 is a shared oxygen with a O1 / 2 of a siloxane unit. Siloxane unit compositions of polysiloxanes is discernable using 29Si NMR methods.
[0019] Siloxane, or silicone, “resin” refers to a polysiloxane that comprises (SiO4 / 2) and / or (RSiO3 / 2) siloxane units such that the combined concentration of (SiO4 / 2) and / or (RSiO3 / 2) siloxane units is greater than 30 mole-percent (mol%) , typically greater than 50 mol%of a combination of relative to total moles of siloxane units in the molecule.
[0020] In a first aspect, the present invention is a coating composition. A coating composition that can be applied to the surface of a substrate to form a coating on the substrate. The coating composition of the present invention is a curable composition, which means it can be cured to form a crosslinked coating on a substrate. In particular, the present invention is a curable silicone coating composition, which means it can cure to form a crosslinked silicone coating on a substrate. The coating composition of the present invention is a water-continuous coating composition, which means the coating composition has a continuous water phase and is a mixture of other components in the continuous water phase. The continuous water phase can include water-soluble components. The continuous water phase includes components that are not water-soluble but that are dispersed in the continuous water phase. The coating composition can be, for example, an emulsion with a liquid phase dispersed in the aqueous continuous phase. The coating composition can be a dispersion with a solid phase dispersed in the aqueous continuous phase. The coating composition can have both liquid and solid dispersed in the aqueous continuous phase. The coating composition is a water-continuous mixture that is “stable” , which means once the mixture is formed it will remain stable from visible phase separation when stored for 2 weeks in a sealed container at 23-25 degrees Celsius (℃) .
[0021] Unlike some other coating compositions, the present coating composition can be free of poly-fluorinated components. Additionally, the coating composition can contain less than 5 wt%and preferably contains less than 4 wt%, 3 wt%, 2 wt%, less than one wt%, even less than 0.5 wt%, and can be free of any of the following components: organic solvent, polyorganosiloxane hybrid resins, and silicone-polyester copolymer resins; where wt%is relative to coating composition weight.
[0022] In general, the coating composition comprises the following components: (a) a liquid silicone resin; (b) a solid silicone resin; (c) optionally, a non-stick additive; (d) a surfactant; and (e) water. Each of the components are described in more detail below.
[0023] (a) Liquid Silicone Resin
[0024] The liquid silicone resin is liquid ate 25 ℃, which means it visibly conforms to the shape of a container when placed in the container at 25 ℃ within a 72 hour period of time.
[0025] The liquid silicone resin contains silicon-bound alkoxy groups (Si-OR groups) , silicon-bound phenyl groups (Si-Ph groups) , and silicon-bound alkyl groups (Si-R groups) . The liquid silicone resin typically comprises 25 mol%or more, and can comprise 30 mol%or more, 40 mol%or more, 50 mol%or more, 60 mol%or more, 70 mol%or more, 80 mol%or more, 90 mol%or more, 100 mol%or more, 110 mol%or more, 120 mol%or more, 130 mol%or more, even 140 mol%or more while at the same time typically comprises 150 mol%or less, 140 mol%or less, 130 mol%or less, 120 mol%or less, 110 mol%or less, 100 mol%or less, 90 mol%or less, 80 mol%or less, 70 mol%or less, 60 mol%or less, 50 mol%or less, 40 mol%or less, or even 30 mol%or less Si-OR groups relative to silicon atoms in the liquid silicone resin. Typically, the liquid silicone resin contains 10 mol%or less, preferably 5 mol%or less, more preferably 4 mol%or less, 3 mol%or less, 2 mol%or less, one mol%or less, and most preferably is free of Si-OH groups. Si-OR and Si-OH concentration are discernable using 29Si NMR. The liquid silicone resin can be free of (R3SiO1 / 2) siloxane units.
[0026] The liquid silicone resin can have an average composition (I) : (Rd2SiO2 / 2) d (PhSiO3 / 2) t (SiO4 / 2) q (RO1 / 2) a (I)
[0027] where: (i)
[0028] Each Rd is independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups, preferably alkyl groups, more preferably from methyl and ethyl, and most preferably each is methyl;
[0029] Ph is a phenyl group;
[0030] R is an alkyl group, preferably a methyl or ethyl group, and more preferably a methyl group;
[0031] Subscripts d, t, q and a are molar ratios of the associated unit relative to silicone atoms in the liquid silicone resin such that the sum (d+t+q) equals one and where:
[0032] Subscript a has a value in a range of 0.25 to 1.50 and is typically 0.25 or more, and can be 0.30 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.50 or more, 0.60 or more, 0.70 or more, 0.80 or more, 0.90 or more, 1.0 or more, 1.1 or more, 1.2 or more, 1.3 or more, even 1.4 or more while at the same time is typically 1.5 or less, and can be 1.4 or less, 1.3 or less, 1.2 or less, 1.1 or less, 1.0 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, or even 0.3 or less;
[0033] Subscript d has a value in a range of greater than zero to less than one and is typically zero or more, 0.10 or more, 0.20 or more, 0.30 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.50 or more, even 0.60 or more, while at the same time is typically 1.00 or less, 0.90 or less, 0.80 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.60 or less, 0.50 or less, 0.40 or less, 0.35 or less, 0.30 or less, or even 0.20 or less;
[0034] Subscripts t and q each independently have a value in a range of zero to less than one, provided that the sum of (t+q) is greater than zero and typically each are independently zero or more, 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.7 or more, 0.8 or more, 0.9 or more, even 1.0, while at the same time are typically 1.0 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, even 0.4 or less.
[0035] Examples of suitable liquid resins for use in the in the present invention include that available under the name DOWSILTM 3074 Int (DOWSIL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) , which has an average chemical structure (Me2SiO2 / 2) 0.33 (PhSiO3 / 2) 0.67 (MeO1 / 2) 0.65, where Me refers to a methyl group and Ph refers to a phenyl group.
[0036] The liquid silicone resin is typically present at a concentration in a range of 15 to 45 wt%, and is generally 15 wt%or more, 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, even 30 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 45 wt%or less, 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, 30 wt%or less, or even 25 wt%or less, where wt%liquid silicone resin is relative to weight of the coating composition.
[0037] (b) Solid Silicone Resin
[0038] The solid silicone resin does not visibly conform to the shape of a container when placed in the container at 25 ℃ within a 72 hour period of time.
[0039] The solid silicone resin contains silicon-bound hydroxyl groups (Si-OH groups) , Si-Ph groups, and Si-R groups. Typically, the solid silicone resin contains 20 to 75 mol%Si-OH groups based on total number of silicon atoms. The solid silicone resin can be, and preferably is, free of (R3SiO1 / 2) siloxane units.
[0040] The solid silicone resin can have an average composition (II) : (Rd2SiO2 / 2) d' (PhSiO3 / 2) t1' (RtSiO3 / 2) t2' (SiO4 / 2) q (HO1 / 2) h (II)
[0041] where:
[0042] each Rd is independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups;
[0043] each Rt is selected from alkyl groups;
[0044] Ph is a phenyl group;
[0045] subscripts d', t1', t2', q and h are molar ratios of the associated siloxane unit relative to silicone atoms in the liquid silicone resin and the sum of subscripts (d'+t1'+t2'+q) equals one;
[0046] subscript d'has a value in a range of zero to 0.3 and is generally zero or more, 0.1 or more, even 0.2 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, and can be 0.1 or less;
[0047] subscript t1'has a value in a range of 0.35 to 0.8 and is generally 0.35 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, even 0.7 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, or even 0.4 or less;
[0048] subscript t2'has a value in a range of zero to 0.5 and is generally zero or more, 0.05 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more, even 0.4 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.5 or less, and can be 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, or even 0.2 or less;
[0049] subscript q has a value in a range of zero to 0.5; and
[0050] subscript h has a value in a range of 0.20 to 0.75 and can be 0.20 or more; 0.30 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.50 or more, even 0.60 or more, while
[0051] at the same time is typically 0.75 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.60 or less, 0.55 or
[0052] less, 0.50 or less, 0.45 or less, 0.40 or less, or even 0.35 or less.
[0053] The solid silicone resin can have an average composition (III) :
[0054] (Me2SiO2 / 2) d1' (MePhSiO2 / 2) d2' (Ph2SiO2 / 2) d3' (PhSiO3 / 2) t1' (MeSiO3 / 2) t2' (HO1 / 2) h (III)
[0055] where:
[0056] Me is a methyl group;
[0057] Ph is a phenyl group;
[0058] the sum (d1'+d2'+d3'+t1'+t2) equals one,
[0059] subscript d1'has a value in a range of zero to 0.20 and can be 0.05 or more, 0.1 or more 0.15 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.20 or less, even 0.15 or less;
[0060] subscript d2'has a value in a range of zero to 0.1, and be in a range of zero to 0.05;
[0061] subscript d3'has a value in a range of zero to 0.15, and can be zero or more, 0.05 or more, even 0.10 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.15 or less, and can be 0.10 or less, even 0.05 or less;
[0062] subscript t1'has a value in a range of 0.35 to 0.80, and can be 0.35 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.50 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.80 or less, 0.75 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.60 or less, 0.55 or less, 0.50 or less, 0.45 or less, or even 0.40 or less;
[0063] subscript t2'has a value in a range of 0.1 to 0.5 and can be 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.03 or more, even 0.4 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, or even 0.2 or less;
[0064] subscript h has a value in a range of 0.30 to 0.50 and can be 0.30 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.40 or more, even 0.45 or more, while at the same time is typically 0.50 or less, 0.45 or less, 0.40 or less, or even 0.35 or less.
[0065] Examples of suitable solid silicone resins include those available under the names DOWSILTM 0220 Flake Resin, DOWSILTM 0233 Flake Resin, and DOWSILTM 0255 Flake Resin (DOWSIL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) .
[0066] The concentration of solid silicone resin in the coating composition is typically in a range of 15 to 40 wt%, and is generally 15 wt%or more, 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, even 30 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, 30 wt%or less, or even 25 wt%or less, where wt%liquid silicone resin is relative to weight of the coating composition.
[0067] The liquid silicone resin and the solid silicone resin each can contain silicon-bound phenyl groups and silicon-bound alkyl groups. The concentration of the liquid and solid silicone resins are such that the molar ratio of silicon-bound phenyl groups to silicon-bound alkyl groups in the coating composition is in a range of 0.8 to 1.3 and can be 0.8 or more, 0.9 or more, 1.0 or more, 1.1 or more, even 1.2 or more, while at the same time is typically 1.3 or less, 1.2 or less, 1.1 or less, 1.0 or less, or even 0.9 or less.
[0068] The liquid silicone resin and solid silicone resin also introduce to the coating composition Si-OH and silicon-bound alkoxy groups (collectively, Si-OZ groups) . The concentration of the liquid and solid silicone resins are such that the coating composition has a mole ratio of Si-OH to Si-OZ groups that is 0.2 or higher and at the same time that is typically 0.8 or lower, and can be 0.7 or lower, 0.6 or lower, 0.5 or lower, 0.45 or lower, even 0.40 or lower.
[0069] (c) Non-Stick Additive
[0070] The coating composition can comprise a non-stick additive. Non-stick additives can be desirable to enable the coating composition to produce a cured coating that has higher non-stick properties than a cured coating without the non-stick additive. For instance, coatings for the inside of cooking pans are desirably non-stick so that food does not stick to the pan during and after cooking.
[0071] Suitable non-stick additives include any one or any combination or more than one selected from a group consisting of siloxanes having an average composition (IV) : (R'3SiO1 / 2) x ( (HO) R'2SiO1 / 2) y ( (R'O) 3SiO1 / 2) z (R'2SiO2 / 2) w (IV)
[0072] where:
[0073] R'is independently in each occurrence selected from hydrocarbyls, and can be an alkyl such a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or octyl;
[0074] subscripts x, y, z, and w are the total number of moles of the associated siloxane unit in the molecule;
[0075] the sum of (x+y+z) equals 2;
[0076] x has a value of zero or one;
[0077] y and z each independently have a value of zero, one or two;
[0078] w has a value in a range of 10 to 1000 and can be 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, 60 or more, 70 or more, 80 or more, 90 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 400 or more, even 500 or more, while at the same time is typically 1000 or less, 900 or less, 800 or less, 700 or less, 600 or less, 550 or less, 500 or less, 400 or less, 300 or less, 200 or less, or even 150 or less.
[0079] In general, the non-stick additive is one or any combination of more than one component selected from a group consisting of hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, trimethyl and trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, and trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes.
[0080] Examples of suitable non-stick additives include those available under the names DOWSILTM 1-9770 Release Additive and DOWSILTM 2-1273 Fluid.
[0081] The concentration of the non-stick additive in the coating composition is in a range of zero to 10 wt%and can be zero wt%or more, 0.05 wt%or more, 0.1 wt%or more, 0.5 wt%or more, 0.6 wt%or more, one wt%or more, 1.5 wt5 o more, 2.0 wt%or more, 2.5 wt%or more, 3.0 wt%or more, 3.5 wt%or more, 4.0 wt%or more, 4.5 wt%or more, 5.0 wt%or more, 5.5 wt%or more, 6.0 wt%or more, 6.5 wt%or more, 7.0 wt%or more, 7.5 wt%or more, even 8.0 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 10 wt%or less, and can be 9.5 wt%or less, 9.0 wt%or less, 8.5 wt%or less, 8.0 wt%or less, 7.5 wt%or less, 7.0 wt%or less, 6.5 wt%or less, 6.0 wt%or less, 5.5 wt%or less, 5.0 wt%or less, 4.5 wt%or less, 4.0 wt%or less, 3.5 wt%or less, 3.0 wt%or less, 2.5 wt%or less, 2.0 wt%or less, 1.5 wt%or less, even 1.0 wt%or less, with wt%relative to coating composition weight.
[0082] (d) Surfactant
[0083] The coating composition comprises a surfactant that helps form a stable mixture of components in a continuous water phase. However, it is important for the applications of the coating compositions of this invention to avoid having the surfactant remain as a residual component in a cured coating formed from the coating composition. Residual surfactant can, for example, increase hydrophilicity of a resulting cured coating. Therefore, the surfactant in the present invention is thermally degradable so that it decomposes at elevated temperatures. In particular, the surfactant in the coating composition experiences greater than 90 percent weight-loss (based on surfactant weight) after 30 minutes at 280 ℃, indicative of nearly complete if not complete decomposition after 30 minutes at 280 ℃.
[0084] The surfactant is one or a combination of more than one surfactant having the following structure: R” - (OCH2CH2) eA; where R” is a hydrocarbyl having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, subscript e is the average number of (OCH2CH2) units per molecule and is a value in a range of 10 to 15; and A is selected from -OH and -O-, where -O-is optionally associated with a cationic counterion.
[0085] The surfactant can be one or more than one selected from those having an average structure (V) : (CH3) (CH2) x (OCH2CH2) yA (V)
[0086] where subscript x is the average number of (CH2) units other than those in the (OCH2CH2) units in the molecule and has a value in a range of 10 to 18; y is the average number of (OCH2CH2) units in the molecule and has a value in a range of 3 to 30, and A is an end-group selected from OH and O-optionally associated with a cationic counterion.
[0087] Examples of suitable surfactants include any one or combination of those available under the name BRIJTM L4 and BRIJTM L23 and DISPONIL BES-20. BRIJ is a trademark of Croda Americas LLC. DISPONIL is a trademark of Cognis IP Management GMBH.
[0088] The concentration of the surfactant in the coating composition is typically in a range of 2 to 10 wt%and can be 2 wt%or more, 3 wt%or more, 4 wt%or more, 5 wt%or more, 6 wt%or more, 7 wt%or more, 8 wt%or more, even 9 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 10 wt%or less, and can be 9 wt%or less, 8 wt%or less, 7 wt%or less, 6 wt%or less, 5 wt%or less, 4 wt%or less, even 3 wt%or less, with wt%relative to coating composition weight.
[0089] (e) Water
[0090] The coating composition has a water-continuous phase. The major component of the water-continuous phase is water. Water is typically present in the coating composition at a concentration in a range of 20 to 68 wt%and can be 20 wt%or more, 25 wt%or more, 30 wt%or more, 40 wt%or more, 50 wt%or more, even 60 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 68 wt%or less, even 65 wt%or less, 60 wt%or less, 55 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, 45 wt%or less, 40 wt%or less, 35 wt%or less, or even 30 wt%or less, with wt%relative to coating composition weight.
[0091] The coating composition can contain, or be free of, components other than the liquid silicone resin, solid silicone resin, non-stick additive, surfactant and water. For example, the coating composition can contain, or can be free of, biocide additives, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, antifoam components, and / or pigments.
[0092] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process for using the coating composition of the first aspect of the present invention to form a coating on a substrate. The process comprises providing the coating composition of the first aspect and then applying the coating composition to a substrate to form a coating on the substrate. The process desirably further comprises heating the coating composition coating on the substrates to cure the coating. Heating the coating composition coating desirably includes heating to a temperature of at least 250 ℃, typically to a temperature in a range of 250 to 320 ℃, so as to also thermally decompose the surfactant in the coating composition. Typically, the process includes heating the coating to temperatures of at least 250 ℃ for 5 minutes or longer, preferably 10 minutes or longer, 15 minutes or longer, and can be 20 minutes or longer, while at the same time is typically one hour or less, preferably 45 minutes or less, 30 minutes or less, or even 20 minutes or less.
[0093] In a third aspect, the present invention is an article comprising a substrate and the coating composition of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the coating composition is covering at least a portion of the substrate to form a coating on the substrate. The coating composition can be either non-cured or cured. The process of the second aspect is useful for applying the coating composition onto the substrate of the article.
[0094] EXAMPLES
[0095] Table 1 lists components for use in the following examples. ” Me” refers to methyl. “Ph” refers to phenyl. “Oct” refer to n-octyl. “LR” components are liquid silicone resins. “SR” components are solid silicone resins. “NSA” components are non-stick additive components. “Surf” components are surfactants. “Bio” components are biocides. “” WA” components are wetting agents. “RM” components are rheology modifiers. “Disp” components are dispersants. “AF” components are antifoam additives. “Pig” components are pigments.
[0096] Table 1
[0097] DOWSIL and DOWFAX are a trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company. BRIJ is a trademark of Americas LLC. GOHSENOL is a trademark of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. PLURONIC is a trademark of BASF Corporation. STEPANOL is a trademark of Stepan Company. DISPONIL is a trademark of Cognis IP Management GMBH. TAMOL and MAINCOTE are trademarks of Rohm and Haas Company. TEGO is a trademark of Evonic Operations GMBH.
[0098] Surfactant Thermal Degradation
[0099] Evaluate surfactant thermal degradation using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine how much a surfactant weight reduces after heating to 280 ℃ for 30 minutes. Conduct the analysis using a TGA 5500 instrument. Select air as the gas, ramp the sample 10.00 ℃ / minute to 280.00 ℃ and hold at that temperature for 30 minutes Evaluate results for weight loss in the sample. Surfactants for use in the present invention should experience at least 90 %weight loss.
[0100] Results for the Surfactant Thermal Degradation for the Surf materials of Table 1 for 30 minutes at 280 ℃ are as follows, with wt%loss reported in parentheses: Surf-1 (95.3 wt%%) , Surf-2 (96.4 wt%) ; Surf-3 (87.3 wt%) ; Surf-4 (45.2 wt%) ; Surf-5 (98.4) , Surf-6 (98.9 wt%) , Surf-7 (99.4 wt%) and Surf-8 (83.4 wt%) .
[0101] Coating Compositions for Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples A-AD
[0102] Preparation
[0103] Prepare coating compositions for Examples (Ex) 1-7 and Comparative Examples (CE) using the components listed in Tables 2-7 for each of the coating compositions. Use the following procedure for combining the components to form the coating compositions. Amounts for each component in Tables 2-7 are in wt%relative to coating composition weight.
[0104] Combine the liquid silicone resin (LR) component, solid silicone resin (SR) component,and if present the non-stick additive (NSA) component together in a three-neck flask. Mix the components together in the three-neck flask using a foldable stainless-steel mixing paddle at 200 revolutions per minute (RPM) . Heat the mixture while mixing to 120 ℃. When the temperature reaches 120 ℃ then draw a vacuum on the mixture to establish an ambient pressure over the mixture that is below 13.3 kilopascals (100 mm Hg) pressure. Hold the vacuum for 2 hours. After the 2 hours, allow the temperature to cool to 23-25 ℃ to form an opaque and viscous mixture. Relieve the vacuum and transfer the opaque and viscous mixture to a plastic container. Add the surfactant (Surf) component and shear using a SpeedMixer at 3000 RPM for one minute to form a homogeneous mixture. Add a portion of the water component (approximately 10 wt% based on resin mixture weight) and shear using a SpeedMixer at 30000 RPM for 1 minute to create a water-continuous mixture. Mixing can continue to achieve a desired particle size of the dispersed phase. Then add the remaining water component and mix using a SpeedMixer at 2000 RPM for one minute to dilute the mixture to a desired solids content to form a Coating Composition.
[0105] Stability Test. Determine the stability of the resulting Coating Composition mixture to phase separation using the following Stability Test: Store a coating composition mixture for 2 weeks in a sealed container at 23-25 ℃. After 2 weeks, observe the mixture for any indication of phase separation such as water separation and / or oil creaming. If there is no visible phase separation then the mixture is deemed “stable” and passes ( “P” ) the Stability Test.
[0106] Substrate Coating and Coating Curing
[0107] Coat the Coating Compositions onto standard aluminum panels from Z-lab using a No. 6 wire rode to control thickness during coating and curing to achieve a cured coating having a thickness of approximately 20 micrometers. After coating the substrate, place the coated substrate in an oven at 70 ℃ for 10 minutes and then put the coated substrate into an oven at 250-320 ℃ for 10 to 20 minutes (actual curing temperature for a sample is reported in Tables 2-5) . The result is a substrate coated with a cured coating composition ( “cured coating” ) .
[0108] Characterization of Cured Coating Composition
[0109] Characterize the cured coating on the substrate using the following four tests: Hardness, Boiling Water Resistance, Heat Resistance, and Chemical resistance. Results are included in Tables 2-7.
[0110] Hardness. Characterize hardness of the cured coating using a pencil hardness test in accordance with ASTM D3363 testing procedures. The pencil brand is Mitsubishi. Record the hardest pencil grade that the coating passes.
[0111] Boiling Water Resistance. Place a substrate with the cured coating on it into boiling water and let it remain in the boiling water for one hour while maintaining the water at boiling. Remove the panel and let it cool. Record the appearance of the cured coating and test its adhesion to the substrate using a crosshatch tape test as per ASTM D3359-02. The coating receives a passing score if there is no change in appearance of the coating, no visible defects or damage, and cross hatch tape test achieves a score of 100 / 100. If the coating falls short of any of these characteristics it fails the boiling water test.
[0112] Heat Resistance. Place the panel coated with a cured coating into an oven at 300 ℃ and evaluate the coating after one hour. If the coating has no change in appearance, no defects and a color change of ΔE less than 2 then it passes after one hour at 300 ℃. Return the sample to the oven and leave it in the over another 2 hours for a total of 3 hours. Revaluate appearance, defects and color change in like manner to determine if it passes after 3 hours at 300 ℃. Evaluate color change ΔE using an X-Rite SP62 spectrometer. Choose “compare” models to measure the color difference. Compare the heated sample to sample appearance and color before testing.
[0113] Chemical Resistance (MEK Rub Test) . For chemical resistance, test a coating cured at a temperature of 300 ℃ or less and, if cured at 300 ℃, cured for 10 minutes or less. Bind a piece of non-woven fabric to a 1-kilogram round head weight, soak the non-woven fabric with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) , and then rub back and forth at the same position on the cured coating. Record the number of rubs required to rub through the cured coating and expose the substrate beneath the coating. To pass, the sample much require 100 or more rubs.
[0114] Table 2
[0115] Table 3 -Exploring OH / OZ Molar Ratio
[0116] Table 5 -Exploring Surfactant
[0117] Coating Compositions for Examples 8-14 and Comparative Example AG -Non-Stick
[0118] The non-stick coating compositions below comprise an initial aqueous-continuous mixture that is very similar to the Coating Compositions of Examples 1-7, above, with the addition of a small amount of non-stick additive and biocide. Therefore, the cured coating characterization of this initial aqueous-continuous mixture is expected to meet the specifications for the present invention. Pigment, wetting agent, and additional water is then combined with the initial aqueous-continuous mixture to form the full non-stick composition
[0119] Pigment Paste Preparation
[0120] First, prepare a thickener solution by adding 349 weight-parts water into a plastic container and agitate at 450 RPM with a stainless steel four blade stirring paddle. Add one weight-part Bio-1 biocide and then 3.5 weight-parts RM-1 and continue agitating for 4 hours to form a thickener solution.
[0121] Place 35.6 weight-parts of the thickener solution into a stainless steel container with a cooling water circulation jacket. Use a stainless-steel dispersion plate to agitate the thickener solution at 1000 RPM. Dropwise add 10 weight-parts Disp-1 dispersant, 0.09 weight-parts AF-1 antifoam, and 1.76 weight-parts WA-1 wetting agent additive into the thickener solution while agitating and then mix for 10 minutes. Add 90 weight-parts Pig-1 pigment and 15 weight-parts Pig-2 pigment and then increase the agitator rate to 5000 RPM and agitate for one hour. Change the stainless-steel dispersion plate to a stainless-steel grinding disc. Add glass beads to the mixture and switch to grinding model at 4000 RPM for 4 hours while maintaining cooling water circulation to keep from overheating. Add 20 weight-parts of water to reduce the viscosity to facilitate filtering. Continue grinding until achieving less than 20 micrometer average particle size. Filter out the glass beads to obtain a pigment paste.
[0122] Non-Stick Coating Composition Preparation and Characterization
[0123] Prepare Coating Compositions of Exs 8-14 and Comp Ex AG according to the formulations in Table 7, where amounts of each component are in weight-percent relative to the coating composition weight.
[0124] First form an initial aqueous-continuous mixture by combining the components listed for the “initial aqueous-continuous mixture” in Table 7. Combine the liquid silicone resin (LR) component, solid silicone resin (SR) component, and if present the non-stick additive (NSA) component together in a three-neck flask. Mix the components together in the three-neck flask using a foldable stainless-steel mixing paddle at 200 revolutions per minute (RPM) . Heat the mixture while mixing to 120 ℃. When the temperature reaches 120 ℃ then draw a vacuum on the mixture to establish an ambient pressure over the mixture that is below 13.3 kilopascals (100 mm Hg) pressure. Hold the vacuum for 2 hours. After the 2 hours, allow the temperature to cool to 23-25 ℃ to form an opaque and viscous mixture. Relieve the vacuum and transfer the opaque and viscous mixture to a plastic container. Add the surfactant (Surf) component and shear using a SpeedMixer at 3000 RPM for one minute to form a homogeneous mixture. Add a portion of the water component (approximately 10 wt%based on resin mixture weight) and shear using a SpeedMixer at 30000 RPM for 1 minute to create a water-continuous mixture. Mixing can continue to achieve a desired particle size of the dispersed phase. Then add the remaining water component and mix using a SpeedMixer at 2000 RPM for one minute to dilute the mixture to a desired solids content. Mix in the Bio-1 component to the diluted mixture to obtain the initial aqueous-continuous mixture.
[0125] Prepare a final coating composition by adding the Additional Components: Pigment Paste and WA-1 component while mixing with a 4-blade paddle at 200 RPM, adding in the water to modify viscosity. Characterize the final coating composition for stability in the Stability Test described above. Results are in Table 7.
[0126] Coat the final coating composition to standard aluminum Q-panel from Z-lab using a No. 8 wire-rod to achieve a cured coating of approximately 30 micrometer thickness. After coating the aluminum panels with the final coating composition, place the panels into an oven at 70 ℃ for 10 minutes and then place in an oven at the curing temperature stated in Table 7 for the indicated time to cure the coating of final coating composition.
[0127] Evaluate the cured coatings for non-stick performance and durability in the following two tests (results are included in Table 7) :
[0128] Non-Stick Performance Test. Place the panel with the cured coating onto a heating plate and heat the panel to 140-170 ℃. Put a steel ring (5 centimeter diameter) on the surface of the coating and add 10 g of egg white in the ring. When the egg white has solidified, remove the egg with a plastic spatula or chop stick. If the egg can be removed without breaking or leaving a residue, then the coating receives a non-stick performance as “P” for pass. If the egg breaks or leaves residue, then the coating receives a non-stick performance of “F” for fail. The test method generally follows that of GB / T 32095.2-15.
[0129] Non-Stick Durability Test. Repeat the Non-Stick Performance Test on a sample until the solidified egg white is difficult to remove. The rating for the coating is the number of times the test can be performed until the coating receives a non-stick performance of “F” . The coating passes if at least 10 repetitions can be done achieving a rating of “P” .
[0130] Table 7
Claims
1.A coating composition comprising the following components:(a) 15 to 45 weight-percent of a liquid silicone resin with silicon-bound alkoxy groups, silicon-bound phenyl groups, and silicon-bound alkyl groups;(b) 15 to 40 weight-percent of a solid silicone resin with Si-OH groups, silicon-bound phenyl groups, and silicon-bound alkyl groups;(c) zero to 10 weight-percent of a non-stick additive;(d) 2 to 10 weight-percent of a surfactant that experiences greater than 90 weight-percent weight-loss, based on surfactant weight, when exposed to a temperature of 280 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes and that is selected from one or a combination or more than one surfactant having the following structure: R”- (OCH2CH2) eA; where R” is a hydrocarbyl having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, subscript e is the average number of (OCH2CH2) units per molecule and is a value in a range of 10 to 15; and A is selected from -OH and -O-, where -O-is optionally associated with a cationic counterion;(e) 20 to 68 weight-percent of water; and wherein the composition has a continuous water phase; the weight-percent values for each component are relative to the weight of the coating composition; and wherein the components in the coating composition have a mole ratio of silicon-bound phenyl groups to silicon-bound alkyl groups that is in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 and a mole ratio of Si-OH groups to Si-OZ groups that is 0.2 or higher.2.The coating composition of claim 1, wherein:(a) the liquid silicone resin has an average composition (I) :(Rd2SiO2 / 2) d (PhSiO3 / 2) t (SiO4 / 2) q (RO1 / 2) a (I) where:i. each Rd is independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups;ii. Ph is a phenyl group;iii. R is an alkyl group;iv. subscripts d, t, q and a are molar ratios of the associated unit relative to silicone atoms in the liquid silicone resin and the sum (d+t+q) equals one;v. subscript a has a value in a range of 0.25 to 1.50;vi. subscript d has a value in a range of greater than zero to less than one;vii. subscripts t and q each independently have a value in a range of zero to less than one, provided that the sum of (t+q) is greater than zero;(b) the solid silicone resin has an average composition (II) :(Rd2SiO2 / 2) d’ (PhSiO3 / 2) t1’ (RtSiO3 / 2) t2’ (SiO4 / 2) q (HO1 / 2) h (II)where:i. each Rd is independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups;ii. each Rt is selected from alkyl groups;iii. subscripts d’, t1’, t2’, q and h are molar ratios of the associated siloxane unit relative to silicone atoms in the liquid silicone resin and the sum of subscripts (d’+t1’+t2’+q) equals one;iv. subscript d’ has a value in a range of zero to 0.3;v. subscript t1’ has a value in a range of 0.35 to 0.8;vi. subscript t2’ has a value in a range of zero to 0.5;vii. subscript q has a value in a range of zero to 0.5;viii. subscript h has a value in a range of 0.20 to 0.75;(c) the non-stick additive is selected from one or any combination of more than one component in a group consisting of:i. hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane;ii. trimethyl and trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane; and iii. trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane.3.The coating composition of claim 2, wherein:(a) the liquid silicone resin is present at a concentration in a range of 15 to 35 weight-percent, each Rd is a methyl group, each R is methyl or ethyl, subscript d has a value in a range of 0.30 to 0.35, subscript t has a value in a range of 0.6 to 0.7, subscript q is zero and subscript a is a value in a range of 0.6 to 0.7;(b) the solid silicone resin is present at a concentration in a range of 15 to 40 weight-percent and has an average composition (III) :(Me2SiO2 / 2) d1’ (MePhSiO2 / 2) d2’ (Ph2SiO2 / 2) d3’ (PhSiO3 / 2) t1’ (MeSiO3 / 2) t2’ (HO1 / 2) h (III)where:i. subscripts d1’, d2’, d3’, t1’, t2’, and h are molar ratios of the associated siloxane unit relative to silicone atoms in the liquid silicone resin and the sum of subscripts (d1’+d2’+d3’+t1’+t2’) equals one;ii. Ph is a phenyl group;iii. subscript h has a value in a range of 0.30 to 0.50;iv. subscript d1’ has a value in a range of zero to 0.2;v. subscript d2’ has a value in a range of zero to 0.1;vi. subscript d3’ has a value in a range of zero to 0.15;vii. subscript t1’ has a value in a range of 0.35 to 0.8;viii. subscript t2’ has a value in a range of 0.1 to 0.5;(c) the surfactant is present at a concentration of 4 to 6 weight-percent, wherein the surfactant is selected from surfactants having an average structure (V) :(CH3) (CH2) x (OCH2CH2) yA (V)where subscript x is the average number of (CH2) units other than those in the (OCH2CH2) units in the molecule and has a value in a range of 10 to 18; y is the average number of (OCH2CH2) units in the molecule and has a value in a range of 3 to 30, and A is an end-group selected from OH and O-optionally associated with a cationic counterion; and (d) water is present at a concentration of 20 to 35 weight-percent;wherein weight-percent is relative to coating composition weight.4.The coating composition of claim 3, wherein the non-stick additive is present at a concentration in a range of 0.05 to 4.5 weight-percent;5.The coating composition of any one previous claim, wherein the coating composition is free of poly-fluorinated components.6.The coating composition of any one previous claim, wherein the coating composition contains less than 5 weight-percent organic solvent based on coating composition weight.7.A process comprising the steps of providing a coating composition of any one previous claim, and then applying the coating composition to a substrate to form a coating on the substrate.8.The process of claim 7, further comprising the step of heating the coating composition coating on the substrate to cure the coating.9.The process of claim 8, further comprising heating the coating composition that is coated on the substrate during or after curing the coating composition to a temperature of at least 250 degrees Celsius to decompose surfactant in the coating composition.10.An article comprising a substrate and the coating composition of any one of claims 1-6,wherein the coating composition is coating at least a portion of the substrate to form a coating on the substrate and wherein the coating composition is either non-cured or cured.
Citation Information
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