Battery

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure is a battery. The battery comprises a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound represented by formula 1. When the mass percent of a transition metal in a negative electrode active material of the negative electrode sheet is M, the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is B m2 / g, the ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery is N g / Ah and the mass percent of the compound represented by formula 1 in the electrolyte is C1, the following formula is met: (A). (1), wherein m is an integer of 0-3, n is an integer of 0-3, m and n are not 0 at the same time, and p is an integer of 1-5; R0 is a single bond or methylene; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1-5 C atoms, or haloalkyl having 1-5 C atoms; and R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8).

Description

Battery

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410696074.7, filed on May 31, 2024, entitled "Battery", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of battery-related technology, and more specifically, to a battery. Background Technology

[0003] Resource scarcity, energy crisis, and environmental pollution are severe challenges facing human production. Finding renewable and resource-saving secondary energy sources is one of the urgent tasks for the sustainable development of human society. Batteries possess unique advantages such as high specific energy, high operating voltage, wide operating temperature range, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, and good safety performance. They are now widely used in household appliances such as mobile phones, portable computers, camcorders, and cameras, and are gradually being widely applied in aviation, aerospace, marine, artificial satellites, small medical instruments, and military communication equipment. However, with the increasing demands for longer battery life and greater portability, how to further balance and improve the overall performance of batteries (such as low-temperature discharge performance and high-temperature cycle performance) has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] Application content

[0005] In a first aspect of this application, 1. a battery is provided, comprising: a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound of formula 1, the mass percentage of a transition metal in the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode is M, and the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode active material is Bm. 2 / g, the ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery is N g / Ah, the mass percentage of the compound shown in Formula 1 in the electrolyte is C1, and it satisfies the following formula:

[0006] Where m is an integer from 0 to 3, n is an integer from 0 to 3, and m and n are not both 0, p is an integer from 1 to 5, R0 is a single bond or methylene, R1 is hydrogen, halogen, a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R2, R3, and R4 are each independently...

[0007] In some embodiments, R1 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, halomethyl, haloethyl, halon-propyl, haloisopropyl, halobutyl, halopentyl, or halohexyl.

[0008] In some embodiments, the compound shown in Formula 1 includes at least one of the following compounds:

[0009] In some implementations, 0.005% ≤ M ≤ 0.03%.

[0010] In some implementations, 0.3% ≤ C1 ≤ 4%.

[0011] In some implementations, the transition metal includes at least one of iron, copper, nickel, and zinc.

[0012] In some implementations, 0.7 ≤ B ≤ 2.5.

[0013] In some implementations, 2 ≤ N ≤ 4.5.

[0014] In some embodiments, the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode sheet includes graphite or silicon-based materials.

[0015] In some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes an electrolyte salt, which may include a lithium salt or a sodium salt.

[0016] In some implementations, the mass percentage of the electrolyte salt is 10% to 20% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.

[0017] In some implementations, the battery satisfies one of the following (a) and (b):

[0018] (a) The battery is a lithium battery, and the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode includes lithium iron phosphate material, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material, lithium cobalt oxide material, lithium manganese iron phosphate material, lithium manganese oxide material or nickel manganese oxide material.

[0019] (b) The battery is a sodium battery, and the positive electrode active material includes sodium iron phosphate or three-dimensional tunneling sodium. 0.44 MnO2. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application; unless otherwise stated, the values ​​of the parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various measurement methods commonly used in the art (e.g., they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of this application).

[0021] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification and claims of this application are open-ended expressions, meaning they include what is specified in this application but do not exclude other aspects.

[0022] In the description of this application, all figures disclosed herein, whether or not the words "approximately" or "about" are used, are approximate values. Each figure may vary by less than 10% or by a difference that is considered reasonable by one of the art, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%.

[0023] In one aspect of this application, a battery is provided, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound shown in Formula 1, the mass percentage of the transition metal in the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode is M, and the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode active material is Bm. 2 / g, the ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery is N g / Ah, the mass percentage of the compound shown in Formula 1 in the electrolyte is C1, and it satisfies the following formula:

[0024] Where m is an integer from 0 to 3, n is an integer from 0 to 3, and m and n are not both 0, p is an integer from 1 to 5, R0 is a single bond or methylene, R1 is hydrogen, halogen, a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R2, R3, and R4 are each independently...

[0025] The battery of this application includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes the compound shown in Formula 1. During the initial charging and cycling of the battery, although the compound shown in Formula 1 can form a porous and stable SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode, effectively improving the kinetic performance of the battery, the inventors have found that the degree of influence of the formed SEI film on the battery performance is related to the mass percentage M of the transition metal in the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode and the specific surface area Bm of the negative electrode active material. 2 The factors closely related to the total mass of the electrolyte (Ng / Ah), the ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery, and the mass percentage of the compound shown in Formula 1 in the electrolyte (C1) are as follows: The inventors discovered that when the above parameters satisfy the following formula: The battery exhibits excellent overall performance, particularly superior low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability. This is because N determines the total mass of the electrolyte in the battery, which largely determines the number of compound molecules represented by Formula 1 present in the battery. B and M, on the other hand, significantly influence the number of molecules required for the formation of the SEI film by the compound represented by Formula 1. When the above formula relationship is satisfied, the number of compound molecules represented by Formula 1 in the battery is just enough to form a complete SEI film without any excess. Therefore, the battery possesses excellent low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, R1 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, halomethyl, haloethyl, halon-propyl, haloisopropyl, halobutyl, halopentyl, or halohexyl. Thus, the compound shown in Formula 1 can be preferentially reduced on the negative electrode surface before the electrolyte solvent during the first charge and cycle of the battery to form an SEI film rich in sulfonate compounds and low in fluoride salts. The formed SEI film is porous, which facilitates the rapid passage of ions during charge and discharge. Therefore, the SEI film has low impedance and high stability, thereby effectively improving the battery's kinetic performance and enhancing its low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the compound shown in Formula 1 includes at least one of the following compounds: Therefore, during the first charge and cycle of the battery, the compound shown in Formula 1 can preferentially reduce the electrolyte solvent on the negative electrode surface to form an SEI film rich in sulfonate compounds and low in fluoride salt components. The formed SEI film is porous, which is conducive to the rapid passage of ions during charge and discharge. As a result, the SEI film has low impedance and high stability, thereby effectively improving the kinetic performance of the battery and enhancing its low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, 0.005% ≤ M ≤ 0.03%. For example, M can be 0.005%, 0.007%, 0.01%, 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.03%, etc. The transition metals in the negative electrode active material have strong electronic conductivity and stronger electrochemical activity compared to the negative electrode active material itself. They readily catalyze the reduction and decomposition of the compound shown in Formula 1. When the transition metal content in the negative electrode active material is high, a greater number of molecules of the compound shown in Formula 1 will be required to form a complete SEI film covering the negative electrode. Therefore, by controlling the mass percentage of transition metals in the negative electrode active material within the above range, a low-impedance, high-stability SEI film can be formed, improving the low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability of the battery. It should be noted that the transition metals in the negative electrode active material are impurity metals introduced during the preparation process of the negative electrode active material, such as from raw materials, equipment wear, and airborne dust.

[0029] As an example, transition metals include at least one of iron, copper, nickel, and zinc.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, 0.3% ≤ C1 ≤ 4%. The inventors have found that when C1 is controlled within the above range, the compound shown in Formula 1 can form a porous and stable SEI film on the negative electrode surface and significantly reduce the interfacial impedance, thereby effectively improving the dynamic performance of the battery.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, 0.7 ≤ B ≤ 2.5. For example, B can be 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, etc. The surface of the negative electrode active material has active sites. The active sites on the surface of the negative electrode active material are reduced by the compound shown in Formula 1. The larger the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode active material, the more active sites there are. Therefore, more of the compound shown in Formula 1 needs to be consumed to form a complete SEI film. By controlling the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode active material within the above range, this application can form an SEI film with low impedance and high stability, thereby improving the low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability of the battery.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer disposed on at least one side surface of the negative current collector. The negative active material layer includes at least one of a first binder and a first conductive agent and a negative active material.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in batteries. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc., preferably graphite or silicon-based materials, which have excellent cycle life, thereby improving the cycle performance and lifespan of the battery.

[0034] As an example, silicon-based materials may include at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxides, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys. Tin-based materials may include at least one of elemental tin, tin oxides, and tin alloys.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, copper foil may be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer material substrate and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material substrate. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc.).

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the first adhesive may include at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene oxide-containing polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide-imide, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium polyacrylate.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the first conductive agent may include at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, and graphene.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material, the first conductive agent, and the first binder is (90-99):(0-5):(1-10).

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on at least one side surface of the positive current collector. The positive active material layer includes at least one of a second binder and a second conductive agent and a positive active material.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the positive current collector may include a metal foil or a composite positive current collector. For example, the metal foil may be aluminum foil. The composite positive current collector may include a polymer substrate and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer substrate. For example, the composite negative current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, etc.) on a polymer substrate (such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc.).

[0041] As an example, the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.

[0042] As an example, when the battery is a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material includes, but is not limited to, lithium iron phosphate material, LiCoO2 material, LiNiO2, and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material (LiNi). x Co y Mn z O2 (x+y+z=1, 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1)), lithium-rich manganese-based materials (nLi2MnO3·(1-n)LiMO2 (0<n<1, M is one, two, or three of Ni, Co, and Mn)), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 Materials such as O4, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium nickel manganese oxide are preferred, with lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt manganese ternary materials, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, or lithium nickel manganese oxide being the most desirable. These materials have excellent cycle performance and high energy density, which can improve the cycle stability of the battery.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the battery is a lithium battery, the negative electrode active material is graphite or silicon-based material, and the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, or lithium nickel manganese oxide. The compound shown in Formula 1, under the aforementioned negative and positive electrode active materials, can significantly improve the battery's kinetic performance and satisfies the following formula: This results in a battery with excellent overall performance, which can improve the battery's low-temperature discharge performance and cycle performance.

[0044] As an example, when the battery is a sodium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material includes, but is not limited to, three-dimensional tunneling Na+. 0.44MnO2, P2 layered NaMO2 (M is one, two, or three of Ni, Mn, and Fe), NaFePO4, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na3V2(PO4)2F3, Na2Fe(CN)6, Na2MnFe(CN)6, etc., preferably sodium iron phosphate materials or three-dimensional tunneled Na 0.44 MnO2 has excellent cycle performance and high energy density, which can improve the cycle stability of batteries.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the battery is a sodium battery, the negative electrode active material is graphite or silicon-based material, and the positive electrode active material is sodium iron phosphate or three-dimensional tunneling sodium... 0.44 MnO2, the compound shown in Formula 1, can significantly improve the kinetic performance of the battery under the above-mentioned negative electrode active materials and positive electrode active materials, and satisfies the following formula: This results in a battery with excellent overall performance, which can improve the battery's low-temperature discharge performance and cycle performance.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the second conductive agent includes at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, Ketjen black, and carbon fiber.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the second adhesive includes at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, ethylene oxide-containing polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyurethane.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, the second conductive agent, and the second binder is (90-99.5):(0.25-5):(0.25-5).

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, 2 ≤ N ≤ 4.5. For example, N can be 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 3, 3.2, 3.5, 4, 4.5, etc. N can represent the actual amount of electrolyte present in the battery when the compound shown in Formula 1 is present. Controlling the ratio N of the total mass of the electrolyte to the battery's discharge capacity within the above range can effectively ensure that the electrolyte fully wets the gaps between the positive and negative electrode plates, while also controlling the gap between the positive and negative electrodes and reducing internal resistance. This improves the battery's low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability. It should be noted that the test method for the battery's discharge capacity in this application is as follows: the capacity is obtained by fully charging the battery at a current of 0.5C and then discharging it at a current of 0.5C.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the electrolyte further includes an electrolyte salt, which includes a lithium salt or a sodium salt.

[0051] As an example, the lithium salt includes at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI), or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) (LiTFSI).

[0052] As an example, the sodium salt includes at least one of sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium difluorosulfonamide (NaFSI), sodium ditrifluoromethylsulfonamide, sodium dioxolane, sodium difluorodioxolane, sodium difluorodioxolane, sodium difluorodioxolane, sodium tetrafluorooxolane, and sodium 4,5-dicyano-2-trifluoromethyl-imidazolium.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the electrolyte further includes a solvent, which includes at least one of carbonates (such as cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates), carboxylic acid esters (such as cyclic carboxylic acid esters and chain carboxylic acid esters), ether compounds (such as cyclic ether compounds and chain ether compounds), phosphorus-containing compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, and aromatic fluorine-containing compounds.

[0054] As an example, the solvent includes at least one of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), propyl butyrate (PB), ethyl butyrate (EB), propyl propionate (PP), ethyl propionate (EP), methyl propionate (MP), propyl acetate (PA), ethyl acetate (EA), methyl acetate (MA), propyl formate (PF), ethyl formate (EF), methyl formate (MF), and γ-butyrolactone.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the mass percentage of the electrolyte salt is 10% to 20% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. For example, the mass percentage of the electrolyte salt is 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc. Controlling the mass percentage of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte within the above range can ensure that the battery has stable electrochemical properties.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the battery further includes a separator, which includes, but is not limited to, glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0057] The following specific embodiments illustrate the solution of this application. It should be noted that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] (1) Preparation of compound 1-1

[0060] 500 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 50 g of ethylene carbonate were added to a three-necked flask containing 108.1 g of mannitol. Then, 2 g of pyridine was added as a catalyst. The flask was heated to 70 °C and stirred continuously under a negative pressure of 500 Pa for 6 h. 115.9 g of sulfonyl fluoride was added and stirring continued under a negative pressure of 500 Pa for another 6 h. Heating was then stopped, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. 500 g of methyl ethyl ether was added for recrystallization, and the mixture was filtered under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid (compound of formula 1-1).

[0061] (2) Preparation of electrolyte: Under an inert atmosphere (moisture < 0.1 ppm, oxygen < 1 ppm), ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and ethyl acetoacetate (EA) were mixed at a mass ratio of EC:EMC:EA = 3:3:4. After thorough mixing, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) were added. The mass percentage of LiFSI in the electrolyte was 2 wt%, and the mass percentage of LiPF6 in the electrolyte was 10 wt%. Then, compound of formula 1-1 was added. Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage (C1) of compound of formula 1-1 was 0.6 wt%.

[0062] (3) Preparation of positive electrode sheet: The positive active material (lithium iron phosphate), conductive agent (acetylene black) and binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) are dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent at a mass ratio of 96:2:2. The mixture is stirred and mixed to form a uniform positive electrode slurry (the solid content in the positive electrode slurry is 60wt%). The positive electrode slurry is uniformly coated on the positive current collector aluminum foil. After drying, rolling and cutting, the positive electrode sheet is obtained.

[0063] (4) Preparation of negative electrode sheet: The negative electrode active material (graphite), conductive agent (acetylene black), binder (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are dispersed in an appropriate amount of deionized water at a mass ratio of 95:2:2:1. The mixture is thoroughly stirred to form a uniform negative electrode slurry (the solid content in the negative electrode slurry is 50wt%). The negative electrode slurry is uniformly coated on the copper foil of the negative electrode current collector. After drying, rolling and slitting, the negative electrode sheet is obtained. The transition metal content M in the graphite is 0.01wt%, and the transition metal is iron. The specific surface area Bm of the graphite is... 2 / g is 1.2g / cm 3 The test methods for the transition metal content in graphite and the specific surface area of ​​graphite are specified in standard GB / T 24533—2019.

[0064] (5) Battery preparation: The above-mentioned positive electrode, separator and negative electrode are stacked in sequence, with the separator placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to provide isolation. Then, the cells are wound to obtain bare cells, which are placed in an outer packaging shell, dried, and then injected with the electrolyte prepared in step (2). The total mass of the electrolyte is 8g. After vacuum sealing, settling, formation and shaping, the battery is prepared with a rated capacity of 2Ah. The ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery, N g / Ah, is 4g / Ah. Specifically, the capacity obtained by fully charging the battery at a current of 0.5C and then discharging it at a current of 0.5C is 2Ah.

[0065] in,

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 2 is Formula 1-2. The preparation process of the compound of Formula 1-2 is different from that of the compound of Formula 1-1, except that the amount of dimethyl carbonate added is 100g and the amount of sulfonyl fluoride added is 57.95g.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 3 is Formula 1-3. The preparation process of Formula 1-3 differs from that of Formula 1-1 in the amount and order of material addition. Specifically, 500g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 57.95g of sulfonyl fluoride were added to a reactor containing 108.1g of mannitol, followed by the addition of 2g of pyridine as a catalyst. The reactor was heated to 70°C and stirred continuously under a negative pressure of 500Pa for 6 hours. Then, 50g of dimethyl carbonate and 57.95g of sulfonyl fluoride were added, and stirring continued under a negative pressure of 500Pa for another 6 hours. Heating was then stopped, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. 500g of methyl ethyl ether was added for recrystallization, followed by vacuum filtration to obtain a white solid (compound 1-3).

[0070] Example 4

[0071] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 4 is Formula 1-4. The preparation process of Formula 1-4 compounds differs from that of Formula 1-2 compounds in that 1,2,3,5,6,7-heptanhexaol is used in this example instead of mannitol.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 5 is Formula 1-5. The preparation process of Formula 1-5 differs from that of Formula 1-2 in that 1,3,7-hydroxy-2,6-methanol-heptane is used in this example instead of mannitol. 100g of dimethyl carbonate is adjusted to 115.9g of sulfonyl fluoride.

[0074] Example 6

[0075] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 6 is Formula 1-6. The preparation process of Formula 1-6 differs from that of Formula 1-1 in that decadecyl alcohol is used in this example instead of mannitol. The amount of dimethyl carbonate added is 100g, and the amount of sulfonyl fluoride added is 173.85g.

[0076] Example 7

[0077] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 7 is Formula 1-7. The preparation process of Formula 1-7 differs from that of Formula 1-6 in that the amount of dimethyl carbonate added is 150g and the amount of sulfonyl fluoride added is 115.9g.

[0078] Example 8

[0079] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1: The compounds shown in Formula 1 used in Example 8 are Formulas 1-8. The preparation process of Formulas 1-8 differs from that of Formulas 1-1 in that 1,2,3,4,5,6-heptanhexaol is used in this example instead of mannitol.

[0080] Example 9

[0081] The difference between Example 9 and Example 1: The compounds shown in Formula 1 used in Example 9 are Formulas 1-9. The preparation process of Formulas 1-9 differs from that of Formulas 1-1 in that this example uses fluorohexanehexacol instead of mannitol.

[0082] Example 10

[0083] The difference between Example 10 and Example 1: The compound shown in Formula 1 used in Example 10 is Formula 1-10. The preparation process of the compound of Formula 1-10 differs from that of the compound of Formula 1-1 in that, in this example, butanetetrazol is used instead of mannitol. The amount of sulfonyl fluoride added is 57.95g.

[0084] Example 11

[0085] The difference between Example 11 and Example 1: The transition metal content M in the graphite of Example 11 is 0.005 wt%.

[0086] Example 12

[0087] The difference between Example 12 and Example 1: The transition metal content M in the graphite of Example 12 is 0.03 wt%.

[0088] Example 13

[0089] The difference between Example 13 and Example 1: The specific surface area of ​​graphite in Example 13 is 0.7 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0090] Example 14

[0091] The difference between Example 14 and Example 1: The specific surface area of ​​graphite in Example 14 is 2.5 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0092] Example 15

[0093] The difference between Example 15 and Example 1: In step (2) of Example 15, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage C1 of compound 1-1 is 0.3 wt%.

[0094] Example 16

[0095] The difference between Example 16 and Example 1: In step (2) of Example 16, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage C1 of compound 1-1 is 4.0 wt%.

[0096] Example 17

[0097] The difference between Example 17 and Example 1: In step (4) of Example 17, the specific surface area of ​​graphite is 2.7 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0098] Example 18

[0099] The difference between Example 18 and Example 1: In step (4) of Example 18, the specific surface area of ​​graphite is 0.6 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0100] Example 19

[0101] The difference between Example 19 and Example 1: In Example 19, the total mass of the electrolyte was 10g, and the battery discharge capacity was 2Ah. The ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the battery discharge capacity in Example 19 was 5.

[0102] Example 20

[0103] The difference between Example 20 and Example 1: The total mass of the electrolyte in Example 20 was 3.6g, corresponding to a battery discharge capacity of 2Ah. The ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte in Example 20 to the battery discharge capacity was 1.8.

[0104] Example 21

[0105] The difference between Example 21 and Example 1: The transition metal content M in the graphite of Example 21 is 0.05 wt%.

[0106] Example 22

[0107] The difference between Example 22 and Example 1: The transition metal content M in the graphite of Example 22 is 0.004 wt%.

[0108] Example 23

[0109] The difference between Example 23 and Example 1: In Example 23, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of compound 1-1 is 4.5 wt%.

[0110] Example 24

[0111] The difference between Example 24 and Example 1: In Example 24, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of compound 1-1 is 0.25 wt%.

[0112] Example 25

[0113] The difference between Example 25 and Example 1: In Example 25, the total mass of the electrolyte was 4g, resulting in a battery discharge capacity of 2Ah. The ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the battery discharge capacity in Example 25 was 2.

[0114] Example 26

[0115] The difference between Example 26 and Example 1: The total mass of the electrolyte in Example 26 was 9g, with a battery discharge capacity of 2Ah. The ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte in Example 26 to the battery discharge capacity was 4.5.

[0116] Example 27

[0117] The difference between Example 27 and Example 1: In Example 27, 1% (by weight) of 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone (PS) was added to the electrolyte.

[0118] Example 28

[0119] The difference between Example 28 and Example 1: The positive electrode active material in Example 28 is LiNi. 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O2. Among them...

[0120] Example 29

[0121] Example 29 describes the preparation of a sodium battery. The difference between Example 29 and Example 1 is that the electrolyte in Example 29 uses sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) and sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6), and the positive electrode active material is NaFePO4. The mass percentage of NaFSI in the electrolyte is 2 wt%, and the mass percentage of NaPF6 in the electrolyte is 10 wt%.

[0122] Comparative Example 1

[0123] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1: No compound of Formula 1 was added to the electrolyte of Comparative Example 1.

[0124] Comparative Example 2

[0125] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 28: No compound of Formula 1 was added to the electrolyte of Comparative Example 2.

[0126] Comparative Example 3

[0127] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1: In the electrolyte of Comparative Example 3, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of compound 1-1 was 0.3 wt%, and the specific surface area of ​​graphite was 2.5 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0128] Comparative Example 4

[0129] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1: In the electrolyte of Comparative Example 4, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of compound 1-1 was 4.0 wt%, and the transition metal content M in the graphite was 0.005 wt%.

[0130] Comparative Example 5

[0131] Differences between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1: In the electrolyte of Comparative Example 5, based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of compound 1-1 is 0.6 wt%, the transition metal content M in graphite is 0.05 wt%, and the specific surface area of ​​graphite is 2.7 g / cm³. 3 .in,

[0132] The electrolytes, negative electrode active materials, and positive electrode active materials of Examples 1-29 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are different, as detailed in Table 1. In the formulas, "×" and "*" have meanings known in the art and both represent multiplication signs.

[0133] Table 1

[0134] The batteries prepared in Examples 1-29 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were subjected to high-temperature cycling tests and low-temperature discharge performance tests under the following specific test conditions:

[0135] High-temperature cycling test: The battery is placed at 45°C and charged and discharged at 1.5C. The maximum capacity of the first three cycles is recorded as Q. The capacity after 2000 cycles is selected as Q2. The capacity retention rate of the battery after high-temperature cycling is calculated by the following formula: Capacity retention rate (%) = Q2 / Q × 100.

[0136] Low-temperature discharge performance test: The battery was charged and discharged once at 1C current at room temperature, and the discharge capacity Q3 was recorded. The battery was then fully charged at 1C current, and then placed in a -20℃ constant temperature chamber for 4 hours. It was then discharged to the lower limit voltage at 0.5C current, and the discharge capacity Q4 was recorded. The low-temperature discharge capacity retention rate of the battery was calculated using the following formula: Low-temperature discharge capacity retention rate (%) = Q4 / Q3 × 100.

[0137] The results of high-temperature cycling and low-temperature discharge performance tests of the batteries prepared in Examples 1-29 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 2.

[0138] Table 2

[0139] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the high-temperature cycle retention rate and low-temperature discharge retention rate of the batteries in Examples 1-29 are much higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-2 without the addition of the compound shown in Formula 1. In particular, although Comparative Examples 3 and 4 added the compound shown in Formula 1, the formula... The calculated values ​​were not between 0.3 and 5.6, and the high-temperature cycle retention rate and low-temperature discharge retention rate of the battery were much lower than those of Examples 1-29. This indicates that the electrolyte of this application not only needs to add the compound shown in Formula 1, but also the calculated values ​​of the above formula need to be between 0.3 and 5.6. The final battery has excellent low-temperature discharge performance and cycle stability.

[0140] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. Battery, of which, include: The battery comprises a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprises a compound shown in formula 1, the mass percentage of transition metal in the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode sheet is M, the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is Bm 2 / g, the ratio of the total mass of the electrolyte to the discharge capacity of the battery is N g / Ah, the mass percentage of the compound shown in formula 1 in the electrolyte is C1, and the following formula is satisfied: wherein m is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 0 to 3, and m and n are not 0 at the same time, p is an integer of 1 to 5, R0is a single bond or a methylene group, R1is hydrogen, a halogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R2, R3, R4are each independently 2. The battery of claim 1, wherein, R1 can be hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, halomethyl, haloethyl, halon-propyl, haloisopropyl, halobutyl, halopentyl, or halohexyl.

3. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The compound of Formula 1 includes at least one of the following compounds:

4. The battery of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, 0.005％≤M≤0.03％。 5. The battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, 0.3％≤C1≤4％。 6. The battery of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The transition metal includes at least one of iron, copper, nickel, and zinc.

7. The battery of any one of claims 1-6, wherein, 0.7≤B≤2.5。 8. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, 2≤N≤4.5。 9. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The negative electrode active material of the negative electrode sheet includes graphite or silicon-based materials.

10. The battery according to claims 1 to 9, wherein, The electrolyte also includes an electrolyte salt, which may include a lithium salt or a sodium salt.

11. The battery according to claim 10, wherein, Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the electrolyte salt is 10% to 20%.

12. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The battery satisfies one of the following (a) and (b): (a) The battery is a lithium battery, and the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode sheet includes lithium iron phosphate material, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material, lithium cobalt oxide material, lithium manganese iron phosphate material, lithium manganese oxide material or nickel manganese oxide material. (b) the battery is a sodium battery, the positive active material of the positive electrode plate comprises a sodium iron phosphate material or a three-dimensional tunnel type Na 0.44 MnO2.

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