Battery, electrical device, and battery preparation method

Abstract

A battery, an electrical device, and a battery preparation method. The battery comprises: a positive electrode sheet (13), a negative electrode sheet (10), a solid-state electrolyte layer (12), and an ion conductor interface layer (11). The solid-state electrolyte layer (12) is arranged between the positive electrode sheet (13) and the negative electrode sheet (10). The ion conductor interface layer (11) is arranged between the negative electrode sheet (10) and the solid-state electrolyte layer (12).

Description

Batteries, electrical devices, and methods for manufacturing batteries

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2024106664940, filed on May 27, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery, an electrical device, and a method for preparing the battery. Background Technology

[0004] Power batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. However, during battery cycling, metal dendrites easily form on the surface of the negative electrode. For example, lithium dendrites easily form on the surface of the negative electrode in lithium metal batteries. Metal dendrites can penetrate the separator and cause short circuits, leading to battery performance degradation and even potential safety accidents. In addition, the metal of the battery negative electrode has poor compatibility with traditional liquid electrolytes, making it prone to side reactions, which reduces battery efficiency and shortens battery life.

[0005] In related technologies, although a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forms on the surface of the negative electrode during charging and discharging, this SEI is highly unstable. During charging and discharging, it not only generates side reactions but also leads to the further formation of metal dendrites, thus further deteriorating battery performance. Therefore, further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one objective of this application is to provide a battery in which an ion-conducting interface layer is disposed between a solid electrolyte layer and a negative electrode. This ion-conducting interface layer can isolate the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, reducing or avoiding potential adverse chemical reactions at the interface. For example, it prevents side reactions or the formation of metal dendrites from direct contact between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode. Furthermore, this ion-conducting interface layer enables the smooth transport of metal ions. Since the ion-conducting interface layer is disposed between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, compared to an interface layer generated at the interface during battery charging and discharging, the pre-prepared ion-conducting interface layer has higher stability and controllability, better achieving isolation between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, better reducing or avoiding potential adverse chemical reactions at the interface, and effectively improving the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

[0007] This application also proposes an electrical device having the aforementioned battery.

[0008] This application also proposes a method for preparing a battery.

[0009] A battery according to a first aspect of this application includes: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an ion conductor interface layer disposed between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer.

[0010] According to the battery embodiments of this application, by providing an ion conductor interface layer between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, the ion conductor interface layer can isolate the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, reducing or avoiding adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface. For example, it can prevent the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode from directly contacting each other and causing side reactions or generating metal dendrites. Furthermore, the ion conductor interface layer can enable the smooth transport of metal ions. Since the ion conductor interface layer is located between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, compared to the interface layer generated at the interface during battery charging and discharging, the pre-prepared ion conductor interface layer has higher stability and controllability. It can better achieve isolation between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, better reduce or avoid adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface, and effectively improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer is a thin film or a coating.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer is disposed on the negative electrode sheet; or, the ion conductor interface layer is disposed on the solid electrolyte layer.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer is connected to the negative electrode sheet by cold pressing or bonding.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer and the solid electrolyte layer are connected by co-sintering, cold pressing or bonding.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer ranges from 500 nm to 30 μm; and / or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer ranges from 5 μm to 100 μm.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer disposed on the negative current collector, the negative active material layer includes lithium metal, and the battery is a lithium metal solid-state battery.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm; and / or, the negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of lithium metal, lithium indium alloy, lithium magnesium alloy, lithium arsenic alloy, lithium tin alloy, lithium silver alloy, lithium aluminum alloy, lithium silicon alloy, lithium zinc alloy, lithium gold alloy, and lithium carbon alloy.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this application, the solid electrolyte layer comprises a halide solid electrolyte.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the expression for the halide solid electrolyte is: Li a (M b )X c Where M represents one or more of Ga, Y, In, Mg, Sr, Sc, Al, Fe, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, W, Mn, Zn, Yb, Co and lanthanide metals, X includes one or more of halogens, 0.5≤a≤6, 0.2≤b≤4, c=a+bε, where ε is the weighted average valence of M.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, the halide solid electrolyte is selected from Li₂MnCl₄, Li₂ZnCl₄, LiYbF₄, LiAlF₄, Li₃YCl₆, Li₃InCl₆, and Li₃InCl₄. 5.5 F 0.5 Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475 At least one of Cl3 and Li6CoCl8.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, the battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of the following: a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, an inorganic electrolyte, carbon, and a carbon mixture containing metal additives, wherein the inorganic electrolyte does not chemically react with the lithium metal or the solid electrolyte layer.

[0022] According to some embodiments of this application, in the polymer-lithium salt mixture, or in the polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, or in the polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, the molar ratio of the polymer to the lithium salt is 5:1 to 20:1.

[0023] According to some embodiments of this application, the polymer is selected from at least one of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polysiloxane, polyethylene glycol, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polycyanide, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone; and / or, the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonylate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate imide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide, and lithium magnesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide.

[0024] According to some embodiments of this application, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive, the oxide additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mass of the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive; and / or, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive, the chloride additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mass of the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, in the polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, the oxide additive is selected from Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO (0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 At least one of AlO, ZrO, TiO, SiO, SnO, MgO, CaO, AlO, and TiO; and / or, in the polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, the chloride additive is selected from Li₂MnCl₄, Li₂ZnCl₄, LiYbF₄, LiAlF₄, Li₃YCl₆, Li₃InCl₆, and Li₃InCl₄. 5.5 F 0.5 Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475 At least one of Cl3 and Li6CoCl8.

[0026] According to some embodiments of this application, the inorganic electrolyte includes at least one of sulfide electrolytes, oxide electrolytes, halide electrolytes, thin-film lithium-ion conductors, and simple lithium-containing compounds.

[0027] According to some embodiments of this application, the sulfide electrolyte is selected from Li2SP2S5, Li 10 GeP2S 12Li3PS4, Li 6x PS 5x Cl 1+x At least one of (0≤x≤0.8); the oxide electrolyte is selected from at least one of NASICON structural materials, perovskite structural materials, anti-perovskite structural materials, LISICON structural materials, and garnet structural materials; the oxide electrolyte is selected from Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO (0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 At least one of the following; the halide electrolyte is selected from Li9N2Cl3, Li x Ta y La z At least one of Cl3 (y:z = 1:1 to 1:5, x = 0.2 to 0.5); the thin-film lithium-ion conductor includes at least one of LiPON and LiPON derivatives, wherein the LiPON derivatives include at least one of LIBPON, LiSiPON, LiPFON, LiPSON, LiPCON, and LiMPON, wherein M is Al, Ti, or W; the lithium-containing simple compound includes at least one of LiX, Li3N, Li2O, Li2S, and Li3P, wherein X is Cl, Br, I, or F.

[0028] According to some embodiments of this application, the carbon is selected from at least one of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, superconducting carbon black, acetylene black, and furnace black.

[0029] According to some embodiments of this application, the metal additive is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Al, SiO2, SiC, WC, SnAg, CuNi, and AlSi; and / or, the metal additive accounts for 1% to 10% of the mass fraction of the carbon mixture containing the metal additive.

[0030] An electrical device according to a second aspect of this application includes a battery according to the first aspect of this application described above.

[0031] According to the embodiments of this application, by providing the above-described battery, the electrical device has higher safety and cycle stability, which can improve the performance of the electrical device.

[0032] According to the battery fabrication method of the third aspect of this application, the battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and an ion conductor interface layer. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the ion conductor interface layer is located between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. The fabrication method includes:

[0033] Prepare the positive electrode, negative electrode, and solid electrolyte layer;

[0034] The ion conductor interface layer is prepared by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the ion conductor interface layer, and the negative electrode to form the battery.

[0035] According to the battery fabrication method of this application, an ion conductor interface layer is pre-prepared and placed between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode. The ion conductor interface layer can isolate the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, reducing or avoiding adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface. For example, it can prevent the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode from directly contacting each other and causing side reactions or generating metal dendrites. Furthermore, the ion conductor interface layer can facilitate the smooth transport of metal ions. Since the ion conductor interface layer is pre-prepared and pre-placed between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, compared with the interface layer generated at the interface during battery charging and discharging, the pre-prepared ion conductor interface layer has higher stability and controllability. It can better achieve isolation between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode, better reduce or avoid adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface, and effectively improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

[0036] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer is prepared, and the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the ion conductor interface layer, and the negative electrode are sequentially stacked and pressed together to encapsulate the battery, including:

[0037] The ion conductor interface layer is prepared and fixed to the negative electrode plate, or the ion conductor interface layer is directly formed on the negative electrode plate. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed on the positive electrode plate. The positive electrode plate with the solid electrolyte layer attached and the negative electrode plate with the ion conductor interface layer attached are stacked and pressed together to form the battery.

[0038] Alternatively, the solid electrolyte layer is disposed on the positive electrode, the ion conductor interface layer is prepared and the prepared ion conductor interface layer is fixed to the solid electrolyte layer, or the ion conductor interface layer is directly formed on the solid electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode with the solid electrolyte layer and the ion conductor interface layer attached are stacked and pressed together to form the battery.

[0039] According to some embodiments of this application, the battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, and a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture.

[0040] The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer includes:

[0041] Dissolve the polymer and lithium salt in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and oxide additive in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and chloride additive in a predetermined ratio in an organic solvent, stir and disperse to obtain a mixed adhesive solution.

[0042] The obtained mixed adhesive solution was cast and coated on a substrate, and then vacuum dried to obtain a thin film-like ion conductor interface layer.

[0043] The ion conductor interface layer formed on the substrate is removed from the substrate.

[0044] According to some embodiments of this application, in the vacuum drying, the vacuum degree is -0.1 to 0 MPa (g), the drying temperature is 60 to 120°C, and the drying time is 6 to 24 hours.

[0045] According to some embodiments of this application, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, ethyl acetate, 1-hexene, acetonitrile, acetone, diethyl ether, hexane, n-heptane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0046] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of sulfide electrolyte, oxide electrolyte, halide electrolyte, and lithium-containing simple compound;

[0047] The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer includes:

[0048] The electrolyte raw material is ground to obtain a powder raw material;

[0049] The powder raw materials and additives are mixed in a preset ratio to form a mixed powder, wherein the additives are solid.

[0050] Shear force is applied to the mixed powder to fibrose the additives, thus obtaining a preform;

[0051] The preform is extruded or rolled into a self-supporting membrane;

[0052] The self-supporting membrane is rolled to form a thin film-shaped ion conductor interface layer.

[0053] According to some embodiments of this application, the grinding includes ball milling, and the process parameters of the ball milling are: ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 to 50:1, ball milling time of 1 to 200 hours, and ball milling speed of 200 to 1000 rpm.

[0054] According to some embodiments of this application, the additive is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, boronized polyethylene glycol, cellulose, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, nitrocellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, cellulose salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose salt derivatives, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and polyimide; and / or, the mass content of the additive is 0.1% to 3%.

[0055] According to some embodiments of this application, directly forming the ion conductor interface layer on the negative electrode sheet or the solid electrolyte layer includes:

[0056] The ion conductor interface layer is directly deposited on the negative electrode or the solid electrolyte layer, and the deposition includes radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition, pulsed laser deposition, or electron beam evaporation nitrogen plasma-assisted deposition.

[0057] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0058] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the positive electrode, negative electrode, solid electrolyte layer, and solid electrolyte layer stack of a battery according to some embodiments.

[0060] Figure reference numerals: 10, negative electrode; 11, ion conductor interface layer; 12, solid electrolyte layer; 13, positive electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0062] The battery according to an embodiment of this application is described below with reference to FIG1.

[0063] Referring to FIG1, a battery according to a first aspect embodiment of the present application includes: a positive electrode 13, a negative electrode 10, a solid electrolyte layer 12, and an ion conductor interface layer 11. The solid electrolyte layer 12 is disposed between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 10, and the solid electrolyte layer 12 serves as the main ion transport channel between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 10, so that lithium ions can be transported between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 10.

[0064] The electrolytic layer between the negative electrode 10 and the positive electrode 13 is made of solid electrolyte. Solid electrolyte has the advantages of good ionic conductivity and high safety, which is conducive to the rapid transport of ions between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 10, thereby improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery and improving the safety of the battery.

[0065] An ion conductor interface layer 11 is disposed between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12. The ion conductor interface layer 11 being disposed between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12 means that the ion conductor interface layer 11 is pre-prepared during the battery manufacturing process, rather than being formed during the battery charging and discharging process.

[0066] By providing an ion conductor interface layer 11 between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can isolate the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, reduce or avoid adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface, such as preventing the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10 from directly contacting each other and causing side reactions or generating metal dendrites. Furthermore, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can enable the smooth transport of metal ions.

[0067] Since the ion conductor interface layer 11 is pre-prepared, rather than formed during battery charging and discharging, a more suitable material can be flexibly selected to prepare the ion conductor interface layer 11. Materials that do not react with the solid electrolyte layer 12 or with metals can be chosen to prepare the ion conductor interface layer 11, thus ensuring high stability. Furthermore, because the ion conductor interface layer 11 does not react with the solid electrolyte layer 12, it will not affect or damage the performance of the solid electrolyte layer 12. It is understandable that if the ion conductor interface layer 11 reacts with the solid electrolyte layer 12, it will change the composition of the solid electrolyte layer 12, and the reaction products will affect the performance of the solid electrolyte layer 12.

[0068] Since the ion conductor interface layer 11 is pre-prepared, compared with the interface layer formed during battery charging and discharging, the ion conductor interface layer 11 of this application has higher controllability. For example, the uniformity of the ion conductor interface layer 11 of this application can be better controlled, and the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer 11 can also be controlled within a suitable range as needed.

[0069] In addition, when preparing the ion conductor interface layer 11, materials with good ion conductivity can be flexibly selected for preparation, so that the prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 has good ion conductivity.

[0070] According to the battery embodiment of this application, by providing an ion conductor interface layer 11 between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can isolate the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, reducing or avoiding adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface. For example, it can prevent the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10 from directly contacting each other and causing side reactions or dendrite formation. Furthermore, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can achieve smooth ion transport. Since the ion conductor interface layer 11 is provided between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12, compared with the interface layer generated at the interface during battery charging and discharging, the pre-prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 has higher stability and higher controllability. It can better achieve isolation between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, better reduce or avoid adverse chemical reactions that may occur at the interface, and effectively improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is a thin film or a coating. Forming the ion conductor interface layer 11 as a thin film or coating facilitates its fabrication.

[0072] According to some embodiments of this application, an ion conductor interface layer 11 is disposed on the negative electrode 10. Disposing the ion conductor interface layer 11 on the negative electrode 10 facilitates the stacking and assembly of the various layers of the battery. For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can be a pre-prepared thin film, which is then disposed on the negative electrode 10. Optionally, the ion conductor interface layer 11 and the negative electrode 10 can be connected by cold pressing or bonding.

[0073] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can also be coated on the negative electrode 10; or the ion conductor interface layer 11 can also be formed on the negative electrode 10 by deposition.

[0074] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is disposed on the solid electrolyte layer 12. By disposing the ion conductor interface layer 11 on the solid electrolyte layer 12, it is convenient to stack and assemble the various layers of the battery. For example, the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be disposed on the positive electrode 13, and then the ion conductor interface layer 11 can be disposed on the solid electrolyte layer 12.

[0075] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can be a pre-prepared thin film, which is then disposed on the solid electrolyte layer 12. Optionally, the ion conductor interface layer 11 and the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be connected by sintering, cold pressing, or bonding.

[0076] According to some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG1, the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer 11 is d1, and the value of the thickness d1 of the ion conductor interface layer 11 ranges from 500 nm to 30 μm. For example, the thickness d1 of the ion conductor interface layer 11 is 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, etc. By setting the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer 11 to not less than 500 nm, the isolation effect of the ion conductor interface layer 11 between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be guaranteed, and the fabrication difficulty can be reduced. By setting the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer 11 to not more than 30 μm, the thickness of the ion conductor interface layer 11 can be smaller, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.

[0077] According to some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG1, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 12 is d2, and the value of d2 ranges from 5μm to 100μm. For example, the thickness d2 of the solid electrolyte layer 12 is 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, etc. The thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 12 is directly related to the battery energy density. By ensuring that the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 12 is not greater than 100μm, the battery can have a higher energy density. By ensuring that the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 12 is not less than 10μm, the structural strength of the solid electrolyte layer 12 can be guaranteed to meet the requirements, avoiding short circuits caused by excessively thin solid electrolyte layer 12 and low structural strength.

[0078] According to some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode 10 includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer includes lithium metal, and the battery is a lithium metal solid-state battery. By setting the negative electrode of the lithium metal battery as a lithium metal negative electrode, the energy density of the lithium metal battery can be improved. Furthermore, a battery using lithium metal as the negative electrode can replenish the lithium consumed during cycling, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0079] Optionally, the negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of lithium metal, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-arsenic alloy, lithium-tin alloy, lithium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-zinc alloy, lithium-gold alloy, and lithium-carbon alloy. For example, the negative electrode active material layer includes one of lithium metal, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-arsenic alloy, lithium-tin alloy, lithium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-zinc alloy, lithium-gold alloy, and lithium-carbon alloy; as another example, the negative electrode active material layer includes at least two of lithium metal, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-arsenic alloy, lithium-tin alloy, lithium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-zinc alloy, lithium-gold alloy, and lithium-carbon alloy.

[0080] According to some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode active material layer includes lithium metal, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm. For example, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer can be 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, etc. Batteries using lithium metal as the negative electrode can replenish the lithium consumed during cycling, thereby improving the battery's cycle life. However, if there is too much lithium metal, a large amount of lithium cannot replenish the consumed lithium, which instead reduces the battery's energy density. Conversely, when the lithium thickness is too small, for example, when the lithium thickness is zero, the battery's energy density increases, but the cycle life is limited. By setting the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer containing lithium metal to 10 μm to 100 μm, lithium metal batteries can have higher energy density and improved cycle life.

[0081] According to some embodiments of this application, the solid electrolyte layer 12 includes a halide solid electrolyte. Halide solid electrolytes have advantages such as good ionic conductivity and good oxidation resistance, and can be used in high-voltage batteries.

[0082] The expression for the halide solid electrolyte is: Li a (M b )X c Where M represents one or more of Ga, Y, In, Mg, Sr, Sc, Al, Fe, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, W, Mn, Zn, Yb, Co and lanthanide metals, X includes one or more of halogens, 0.5≤a≤6, 0.2≤b≤4, c=a+bε, where ε is the weighted average valence of M.

[0083] Optionally, the halide solid electrolyte is selected from Li₂MnCl₄, Li₂ZnCl₄, LiYbF₄, LiAlF₄, Li₃YCl₆, Li₃InCl₆, and Li₃InCl₄. 5.5 F 0.5 Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475At least one of Cl3 and Li6CoCl8.

[0084] According to some embodiments of this application, the battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes at least one of the following: a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, an inorganic electrolyte, carbon, and a carbon mixture containing metal additives. For example, the solid electrolyte layer includes a halide solid electrolyte layer, wherein the inorganic electrolyte does not chemically react with the lithium metal and the halide solid electrolyte layer.

[0085] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes a polymer-lithium salt mixture. After the lithium salt and the polymer form a binary mixture (equivalent to the lithium salt dissolving into the polymer), the lithium salt dissociates under the chain segment movement of the polymer, forming free-moving lithium ions, which can be used for charge transport, improve ionic conductivity, and reduce impedance. Furthermore, the polymer-lithium salt mixture does not react with the halide solid electrolyte or with metallic lithium, resulting in high stability of the ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0086] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes a mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive or a mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive. The oxide or chloride has good ion conductivity. Adding oxide additive or chloride additive to the polymer-lithium salt mixture can further improve the ion conductivity of the ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0087] Optionally, the polymer is selected from at least one of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polysiloxane, polyethylene glycol, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polycyanide, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone; and / or, the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonyate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate imide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide, and lithium magnesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide.

[0088] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes an inorganic electrolyte. The inorganic electrolyte does not chemically react with lithium metal or halide solid electrolyte. The inorganic electrolyte has good ionic conductivity, which makes the ion conductor interface layer 11 have good ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the inorganic electrolyte does not react with the halide solid electrolyte or with lithium metal, which makes the ion conductor interface layer 11 highly stable.

[0089] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes carbon, which has good ion conductivity, thus giving the ion conductor interface layer 11 good ion conductivity; and carbon does not react with halide solid electrolytes or with metallic lithium, resulting in high stability of the ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0090] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes a carbon mixture containing metal additives, i.e., a mixture of carbon and metal, wherein the metal in the aforementioned metal additives does not react with the halide electrolyte and does not react with lithium metal. Both carbon and metal have good ionic conductivity, thereby giving the ion conductor interface layer 11 good ionic conductivity; furthermore, neither carbon nor metal reacts with the halide solid electrolyte and does not react with lithium metal, resulting in high stability of the ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0091] According to some embodiments of this application, in the polymer-lithium salt mixture, the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt is 5:1 to 20:1; or, in the polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt is 5:1 to 20:1; or, in the polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt is 5:1 to 20:1. By setting the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt to 5:1 to 20:1, the ratio of polymer to lithium salt can be kept within a suitable range. This avoids insufficient lithium salt ratio leading to unsaturated dissociation, i.e., fewer free lithium ions dissociated from the lithium salt under the action of the polymer. It also avoids excessive lithium salt ratio and insufficient polymer ratio leading to inadequate lithium salt dissociation. By limiting the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt to the above range, more free lithium ions can be dissociated from the lithium salt, thereby further improving the ionic conductivity and charge transport capability of the ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0092] For example, the molar ratio of polymer to lithium salt is 5:1, 7:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1, 18:1, 20:1, etc.

[0093] According to some embodiments of this application, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive, the oxide additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mixture by mass. For example, the oxide additive accounts for 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% by mass, etc.

[0094] The oxide additive is a conductive inorganic additive with two functions: first, it increases the proportion of the amorphous phase region in the polymer, thereby improving the migration rate of lithium ions within the polymer; second, the oxide additive itself is a strong conductor of lithium ions, which can improve the overall conductivity of lithium ions. The increase in the content of the amorphous phase region of the polymer by the oxide additive has a limit, which is a convex function. The optimal addition amount is within the middle range; too little or too much will directly affect the ionic conductivity and other properties of the composite electrolyte. By setting the mass ratio of the oxide additive in the polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture within the above range, the conductivity of the ionic conductor interface layer 11 can be effectively improved.

[0095] Optionally, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive, the oxide additive is selected from Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO (0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 At least one of AlO, ZrO, TiO, SiO, SnO, MgO, CaO, AlO, and TiO.

[0096] According to some embodiments of this application, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive, the chloride additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mass of the mixture. For example, the mass percentage of the chloride additive in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, etc.

[0097] Chloride additives are conductive inorganic additives with two functions: first, they increase the proportion of the amorphous phase region in the polymer, thereby increasing the migration rate of lithium ions within the polymer; second, the chloride additive itself is a strong conductor of lithium ions, which can improve the overall conductivity of lithium ions. The increase in the content of the amorphous phase region of the polymer by the chloride additive has a limit, which is a convex function. The optimal addition amount is within the middle range; too little or too much will directly affect the ionic conductivity and other properties of the composite electrolyte. By setting the mass ratio of the chloride additive in the polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture within the above range, the conductivity of the ionic conductor interface layer 11 can be effectively improved.

[0098] Optionally, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive, the chloride additive is selected from Li₂MnCl₄, Li₂ZnCl₄, LiYbF₄, LiAlF₄, Li₃YCl₆, Li₃InCl₆, and Li₃InCl₄. 5.5 F 0.5 Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475 At least one of Cl3 and Li6CoCl8.

[0099] According to some embodiments of this application, the inorganic electrolyte includes at least one of sulfide electrolytes, oxide electrolytes, halide electrolytes, thin-film lithium-ion conductors, and simple lithium-containing compounds. Sulfide electrolytes, oxide electrolytes, halide electrolytes, thin-film lithium-ion conductors, and simple lithium-containing compounds all possess good electrical conductivity, which enables the ion conductor interface layer 11 to have good ionic conductivity.

[0100] The sulfide electrolyte can be selected from Li2SP2S5, Li 10 GeP2S 12 Li3PS4, Li 6x PS 5x Cl 1+x At least one of (0≤x≤0.8); the oxide electrolyte is selected from at least one of NASICON structural materials, perovskite structural materials, anti-perovskite structural materials, LISICON structural materials, and garnet structural materials; the oxide electrolyte is selected from Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO (0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 At least one of the following; the halide electrolyte is selected from Li9N2Cl3, Li x Ta y La z At least one of Cl3 (y:z = 1:1 to 1:5, x = 0.2 to 0.5); thin-film lithium-ion conductors include at least one of LiPON and LiPON derivatives, wherein LiPON derivatives include at least one of LIBPON, LiSiPON, LiPFON, LiPSON, LiPCON, and LiMPON, wherein M is Al, Ti, or W; simple lithium-containing compounds include at least one of LiX, Li3N, Li2O, Li2S, and Li3P, wherein X is Cl, Br, I, or F.

[0101] According to some embodiments of this application, the carbon described above can be selected from at least one of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, superconducting carbon black, acetylene black, and furnace black. Graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, superconducting carbon black, acetylene black, and furnace black all have good electrical conductivity, thereby enabling the ion conductor interface layer 11 to have good ionic conductivity.

[0102] According to some embodiments of this application, in the carbon mixture containing metal additives, the metal additives can be selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Al, SiO2, SiC, WC, SnAg, CuNi, and AlSi. Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Al, SiO2, SiC, WC, SnAg, CuNi, and AlSi all have good electrical conductivity, thereby giving the ion conductor interface layer 11 good ionic conductivity; furthermore, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Al, SiO2, SiC, WC, SnAg, CuNi, and AlSi do not react with halide electrolytes or with metallic lithium, thereby giving the ion conductor interface layer 11 high stability.

[0103] According to some embodiments of this application, in the carbon mixture containing metal additives, the mass fraction of the metal additives is 1% to 10% of the carbon mixture containing metal additives. For example, the mass fraction of the metal additives in the carbon mixture containing metal additives is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%. The metal additives can improve the conductivity of the ion conductor interface layer 11. By ensuring that the mass fraction of the metal additives in the carbon mixture containing metal additives is not less than 1%, the metal additives can effectively improve the conductivity of the ion conductor interface layer 11. However, a high metal density will result in an excessively large mass of the ion conductor interface layer 11, thereby leading to an excessively large overall battery mass.

[0104] An electrical device according to a second aspect embodiment of this application includes a battery according to the first aspect embodiment of this application described above. For example, the electrical device may be an electric vehicle, an aircraft, etc.

[0105] According to the embodiments of this application, by providing the above-described battery, the electrical device has higher safety and cycle stability, which can improve the performance of the electrical device.

[0106] According to the battery preparation method of the third aspect of this application, the battery includes a positive electrode 13, a negative electrode 10, a solid electrolyte layer 12 and an ion conductor interface layer 11. The solid electrolyte layer 12 is disposed between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 10, and the ion conductor interface layer 11 is located between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12.

[0107] The battery manufacturing methods include:

[0108] Prepare a positive electrode 13, a negative electrode 10, and a solid electrolyte layer 12;

[0109] An ion conductor interface layer 11 is prepared, and a positive electrode 13, a solid electrolyte layer 12, an ion conductor interface layer 11, and a negative electrode 10 are stacked in sequence and encapsulated to form a battery.

[0110] In some embodiments, an ion conductor interface layer 11 is prepared, and a positive electrode 13, a solid electrolyte layer 12, an ion conductor interface layer 11, and a negative electrode 10 are sequentially stacked and pressed together to form a battery. Specifically, this may include the following steps: preparing an ion conductor interface layer 11 and fixing the prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 to the negative electrode 10, or directly forming the ion conductor interface layer 11 on the negative electrode 10; placing the solid electrolyte layer 12 on the positive electrode 13; stacking and pressing the positive electrode 13 with the solid electrolyte layer 12 attached and the negative electrode 10 with the ion conductor interface layer 11 attached, and then encapsulating to form a battery.

[0111] In other embodiments, an ion conductor interface layer 11 is prepared, and the positive electrode 13, the solid electrolyte layer 12, the ion conductor interface layer 11, and the negative electrode 10 are sequentially stacked and pressed together to form a battery. Specifically, this may include the following steps: placing the solid electrolyte layer 12 on the positive electrode 13, preparing the ion conductor interface layer 11 and fixing the prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 to the solid electrolyte layer 12 or directly forming the ion conductor interface layer 11 on the solid electrolyte layer 12, stacking and pressing the positive electrode 13 with the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the ion conductor interface layer 11 attached to the negative electrode 10 to form a battery.

[0112] In this process, a pre-prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 is disposed on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12. The ion conductor interface layer 11 can be a pre-prepared thin film. The pre-prepared thin film ion conductor interface layer 11 is fixed on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12 by cold pressing or bonding.

[0113] When the ion conductor interface layer 11 is directly formed on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can be directly deposited on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12, for example, by radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition, pulsed laser deposition or electron beam evaporation nitrogen plasma-assisted deposition.

[0114] The battery described in the first aspect embodiment can be prepared using this preparation method.

[0115] According to the battery manufacturing method of this application, by pre-preparing an ion conductor interface layer 11, an ion conductor interface layer 11 is disposed between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10. The ion conductor interface layer 11 can isolate the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, reducing or avoiding possible adverse chemical reactions at the interface. For example, it can prevent the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10 from directly contacting each other and causing side reactions or generating metal dendrites. Furthermore, the ion conductor interface layer 11 can achieve smooth ion transport. Since the ion conductor interface layer 11 is pre-prepared and disposed between the negative electrode 10 and the solid electrolyte layer 12, compared with the interface layer generated at the interface during battery charging and discharging, the pre-prepared ion conductor interface layer 11 has higher stability and higher controllability. It can better achieve isolation between the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the negative electrode 10, better reduce or avoid possible adverse chemical reactions at the interface, and effectively improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

[0116] According to some embodiments of this application, the battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes at least one of a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, and a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture.

[0117] The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes:

[0118] Dissolve the polymer and lithium salt in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and oxide additive in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and chloride additive in a predetermined ratio in an organic solvent, stir and disperse to obtain a mixed adhesive solution.

[0119] The obtained mixed adhesive solution is cast and coated on the substrate, and after vacuum drying, a thin film-like ion conductor interface layer 11 is obtained. By drying in a vacuum environment, the pressure can be reduced, the boiling point of the liquid can be lowered, and the organic solvent can be easily volatilized.

[0120] The ion conductor interface layer 11 formed on the substrate is removed from the substrate.

[0121] In this process, a polymer and lithium salt in a predetermined ratio are dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare an ion conductor interface layer 11 comprising a polymer-lithium salt mixture; a polymer, lithium salt, and oxide additive in a predetermined ratio are dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare an ion conductor interface layer 11 comprising a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive; and a polymer, lithium salt, and chloride additive in a predetermined ratio are dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare an ion conductor interface layer 11 comprising a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive.

[0122] Optionally, in vacuum drying, the vacuum degree is -0.1 to 0 MPa(g), the drying temperature is 60 to 120℃, and the drying time is 6 to 24 hours. This can improve drying efficiency and ensure drying effect.

[0123] Optionally, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, ethyl acetate, 1-hexene, acetonitrile, acetone, diethyl ether, hexane, n-heptane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0124] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes at least one of sulfide electrolyte, oxide electrolyte, halide electrolyte, and lithium-containing simple compound;

[0125] The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer 11 includes:

[0126] The electrolyte raw material is ground to obtain a powder raw material;

[0127] Powdered raw materials and additives are mixed in a preset ratio to form a mixed powder, wherein the additives are in solid form;

[0128] Shear force is applied to the mixed powder to fibrose the additives, thus obtaining a preform;

[0129] The preform is extruded or rolled into a self-supporting membrane;

[0130] The self-supporting membrane is rolled to form a thin film-like ion conductor interface layer 11.

[0131] Optionally, the grinding includes ball milling, with the following process parameters: ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 to 50:1, milling time of 1 to 200 hours, and milling speed of 200 to 1000 rpm. By setting the above ball milling process parameters, the ball milling efficiency can be improved, and powder raw materials with suitable particle size can be obtained.

[0132] Optionally, the additive is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, boronized polyethylene glycol, cellulose, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, nitrocellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, cellulose salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose salt derivatives, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and polyimide.

[0133] Optionally, the above-mentioned additives have a mass content of 0.1% to 3% in the mixed powder. For example, the mass content of the above-mentioned additives in the mixed powder is 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, etc. The lower the content of the additives, the smaller the impact on the ion interface layer, but a certain amount of additives is required to bind and form a layered structure in the preform. By setting the mass content of the additives in the mixed powder to 0.1% to 3%, on the one hand, it can be ensured that the amount of additives is sufficient to bind the powder raw materials into a layered structure in the preform, and on the other hand, the impact of the additives on the ion interface layer can be minimized.

[0134] According to some embodiments of this application, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is a thin-film lithium-ion conductor, such as at least one of LiPON and LiPON derivatives. The LiPON derivatives include at least one of LIBPON, LiSiPON, LiPFON, LiPSON, LiPCON, and LiMPON, wherein M is Al, Ti, or W.

[0135] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is deposited on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12 by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Li3PO4 or a mixture containing Li3PO4 is used as the target, and N2 is used as the reaction gas. The mixture containing Li3PO4 includes Li3PO4 and one or more of lithium boride, silicon oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

[0136] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is deposited on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12 by pulsed laser. Li3PO4 or a mixture containing Li3PO4 is used as the target, and N2 is used as the reaction gas. The mixture containing Li3PO4 includes Li3PO4 and one or more of lithium boride, silicon oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

[0137] For example, the ion conductor interface layer 11 is deposited on the negative electrode 10 or the solid electrolyte layer 12 by sub-beam evaporation nitrogen plasma-assisted deposition. Li3PO4 or a mixed material containing Li3PO4 is used as the target, and N2 is used as the reaction gas. The mixed material containing Li3PO4 includes Li3PO4 and one or more of lithium boride, silicon oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

[0138] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0139] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

A battery, wherein, include: Positive electrode sheet; Negative electrode sheet; A solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; An ion conductor interface layer is disposed between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. The battery according to claim 1, wherein The ion conductor interface layer is a thin film or a coating. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The ion conductor interface layer is disposed on the negative electrode plate; or, the ion conductor interface layer is disposed on the solid electrolyte layer. The battery according to claim 1, wherein The ion conductor interface layer is connected to the negative electrode sheet by cold pressing or bonding. The battery according to claim 1, wherein The ion conductor interface layer and the solid electrolyte layer are connected by co-sintering, cold pressing or bonding. The battery according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein The thickness of the ion conductor interface layer ranges from 500 nm to 30 μm; and / or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer ranges from 5 μm to 100 μm. The battery according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein The negative electrode includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer disposed on the negative current collector. The negative active material layer includes lithium metal, and the battery is a lithium metal solid-state battery. The battery according to claim 7, wherein The thickness of the negative electrode active material layer ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm; and / or, the negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of lithium metal, lithium indium alloy, lithium magnesium alloy, lithium arsenic alloy, lithium tin alloy, lithium silver alloy, lithium aluminum alloy, lithium silicon alloy, lithium zinc alloy, lithium gold alloy, and lithium carbon alloy. The battery according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein The solid electrolyte layer includes a halide solid electrolyte. The battery according to claim 9, wherein The halide solid-state electrolyte has the expression: Li a (M b )X c where M represents one or more of Ga, Y, In, Mg, Sr, Sc, Al, Fe, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, W, Mn, Zn, Yb, Co, and lanthanide elements, X includes one or more of halogen elements, 0.5≤a≤6, 0.2≤b≤4, c=a+bε, where ε is the weighted average valence of M. The battery according to claim 10, wherein The halide solid-state electrolyte is selected from at least one of Li2MnCl4, Li2ZnCl4, LiYbF4, LiAlF4, Li3YCl6, Li3InCl6, Li3InCl 5.5 F 0.5 , Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475 Cl3, and Li6CoCl8. The battery according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein The battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of the following: a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture, an inorganic electrolyte, carbon, and a carbon mixture containing metal additives, wherein the inorganic electrolyte does not chemically react with lithium metal or the solid electrolyte layer. The battery according to claim 12, wherein In the polymer-lithium salt mixture, or in the polymer-lithium salt mixture with oxide additives, or in the polymer-lithium salt mixture with chloride additives, the molar ratio of the polymer to the lithium salt is 5:1 to 20:

1. The battery according to claim 12 or 13, wherein The polymer is selected from at least one of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polysiloxane, polyethylene glycol, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polycyanide, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone; and / or the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonylate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate imide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide, and lithium magnesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The battery according to claim 12, wherein, In the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive, the oxide additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mass of the mixture; and / or, in the mixture of polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive, the chloride additive accounts for 1% to 80% of the mass of the mixture. The battery according to any one of claims 12-15, wherein, In the mixture of the polymer-lithium salt and the oxide additive, the oxide additive is selected from Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO(0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 , Al O, ZrO, TiO, SiO, SnO, MgO, CaO, Al O, TiO, at least one of; and / or, in the mixture of the polymer-lithium salt and the chloride additive, the chloride additive is selected from Li2MnCl4, Li2ZnCl4, LiYbF4, LiAlF4, Li3YCl6, Li3InCl6, Li3InCl 5.5 F 0.5 , Li3TaCl6, Li 0.388 Ta 0.238 La 0.475 Cl3, Li6CoCl8, at least one of. The battery according to any one of claims 12-16, wherein, The inorganic electrolyte includes at least one of sulfide electrolytes, oxide electrolytes, halide electrolytes, thin-film lithium-ion conductors, and simple lithium-containing compounds. The battery according to claim 17, wherein, Li2S P2S5, Li 10 GeP2S 12 , Li3PS4, Li 6 x PS 5 x Cl 1+x (0≤x≤0.8); the oxide electrolyte is selected from at least one of a NASICON structure material, a perovskite structure material, an inverse perovskite structure material, a LISICON structure material, and a garnet structure material; the oxide electrolyte is selected from at least one of Li 3x La 2 / 3-x TiO(0≤x≤0.16), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O 12 ; the halide electrolyte is selected from at least one of Li9N2Cl3, Li x Ta y La z Cl3(y:z = 1:1 ~ 1:5, x = 0.2 ~ 0.5); the thin film lithium ion conductor includes at least one of LiPON and LiPON derivatives, the LiPON derivatives including at least one of LIBPON, LiSiPON, LiPFON, LiPSON, LiPCON, LiMPON, where M is Al, Ti, or W; the lithium-containing simple compound includes at least one of LiX, Li3N, Li2O, Li2S, Li3P, X being Cl, Br, I, or F. The battery according to any one of claims 12-18, wherein, The carbon is selected from at least one of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, superconducting carbon black, acetylene black, and furnace black. The battery according to any one of claims 12-19, wherein, The metal additive is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Al, SiO2, SiC, WC, SnAg, CuNi, and AlSi; and / or, the metal additive accounts for 1% to 10% of the mass fraction of the carbon mixture containing the metal additive. An electrical device, wherein, include: The battery according to any one of claims 1-20. A method for preparing a battery, wherein, The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and an ion conductor interface layer. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the ion conductor interface layer is located between the negative electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. The preparation method includes: Prepare the positive electrode, negative electrode, and solid electrolyte layer; The ion conductor interface layer is prepared by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the ion conductor interface layer, and the negative electrode to form the battery. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 22, wherein, The process of preparing the ion conductor interface layer, and sequentially stacking and pressing the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the ion conductor interface layer, and the negative electrode to form the battery includes: The ion conductor interface layer is prepared and fixed to the negative electrode plate, or the ion conductor interface layer is directly formed on the negative electrode plate. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed on the positive electrode plate. The positive electrode plate with the solid electrolyte layer attached and the negative electrode plate with the ion conductor interface layer attached are stacked and pressed together to form the battery. Alternatively, the solid electrolyte layer is disposed on the positive electrode, the ion conductor interface layer is prepared and the prepared ion conductor interface layer is fixed to the solid electrolyte layer, or the ion conductor interface layer is directly formed on the solid electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode with the solid electrolyte layer and the ion conductor interface layer attached are stacked and pressed together to form the battery. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 22, wherein, The battery is a lithium metal battery, and the ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of the following: a polymer-lithium salt mixture, a polymer-lithium salt and oxide additive mixture, and a polymer-lithium salt and chloride additive mixture. The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer includes: Dissolve the polymer and lithium salt in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and oxide additive in a predetermined ratio, or the polymer, lithium salt and chloride additive in a predetermined ratio in an organic solvent, stir and disperse to obtain a mixed adhesive solution. The obtained mixed adhesive solution was cast and coated on a substrate, and then vacuum dried to obtain a thin film-like ion conductor interface layer. The ion conductor interface layer formed on the substrate is removed from the substrate. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 24, wherein, In the vacuum drying process, the vacuum degree is -0.1 to 0 MPa (g), the drying temperature is 60 to 120°C, and the drying time is 6 to 24 hours. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 24, wherein, The organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, ethyl acetate, 1-hexene, acetonitrile, acetone, diethyl ether, hexane, n-heptane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone. The method for preparing a battery according to any one of claims 22-26, wherein, The ion conductor interface layer includes at least one of sulfide electrolyte, oxide electrolyte, halide electrolyte, and lithium-containing simple compound; The preparation of the ion conductor interface layer includes: The electrolyte raw material is ground to obtain a powder raw material; The powder raw materials and additives are mixed in a preset ratio to form a mixed powder, wherein the additives are solid. Shear force is applied to the mixed powder to fibrose the additives, thus obtaining a preform; The preform is extruded or rolled into a self-supporting membrane; The self-supporting membrane is rolled to form a thin film-shaped ion conductor interface layer. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 27, wherein, The grinding includes ball milling, and the process parameters of the ball milling are: ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 to 50:1, ball milling time of 1 to 200 hours, and ball milling speed of 200 to 1000 rpm. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 27, wherein, The additive is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, boronized polyethylene glycol, cellulose, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, nitrocellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, cellulose salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose salt derivatives, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and polyimide; and / or, the mass content of the additive is 0.1% to 3%. The method for preparing a battery according to claim 23, wherein, Directly forming the ion conductor interface layer on the negative electrode or the solid electrolyte layer includes: The ion conductor interface layer is directly deposited on the negative electrode or the solid electrolyte layer, and the deposition includes radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition, pulsed laser deposition, or electron beam evaporation nitrogen plasma-assisted deposition.

Images