Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method by which a device performs wireless communication, and an apparatus supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving, by a first device, cell access-related information from a second device; and accessing, by the first device, the second device on the basis of the cell access-related information. For example, the cell access-related information may be received on the basis that a time related to a sensing signal reflected from the first device is within a first threshold time.

Description

Method and device for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] The present disclosure provides a device and method for effectively providing services in a wireless communication system. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method and device for communication.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a first device receiving, from a second device, information related to cell access; and a first device connecting to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, information related to cell access; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, information related to cell access; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive information related to cell connectivity from a second device; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell connectivity. For example, the information related to cell connectivity may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step of a second device obtaining information related to a first threshold time; a step of the second device transmitting a sensing signal to a first device; a step of the second device receiving a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; a step of the second device transmitting information related to a cell connection to the first device; and a step of the second device performing a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell connection. For example, the information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time period related to a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to a cell connection to the first device; and perform an association procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell connection. For example, the information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to a cell connection to the first device; and perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell connection. For example, the information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to cell access to the first device; and perform an access procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0014] The present disclosure can provide a device and method capable of effectively providing services in a wireless communication system. For example, communication can be performed efficiently through the embodiments proposed in the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating near-far effects in different scenarios according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the reflection time of a sensing signal varies depending on the distance difference between an NTN base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether an NTN connection is possible based on a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether an NTN connection is possible through a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether NTN connection is possible through a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether NTN connection is possible through a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0039] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0040] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0041] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0042] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0043] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0044] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0045] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0046] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0047] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0048] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0049] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0052] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0053] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0054] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0055] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0056] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0058] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0059] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0060] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0061] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0062] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0063] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0064] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal will be in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can release the connection with the base station while maintaining the connection with the core network.

[0065] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0068] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0069] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0070] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0071] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0072] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0073] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0075] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0076] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0077] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0079] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0080] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0081] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0082] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0083] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0084] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0085] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0086] - Optical wireless technology

[0087] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0088] - Quantum communication

[0089] - Cell-free communication

[0090] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0091] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0092] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0093] - Big data analysis

[0094] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0095] - metaverse

[0096] - Block chain

[0097] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0098] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0099] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0100] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0101] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0102] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0104] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0105] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0106] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0107] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0108] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

[0109]

[0110] Here, for example, target channel H target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background may contain other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0111] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0112] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0113] Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

[0114]

[0115] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], and G TXcan be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0116]

[0117] Here, for example, G RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0118] For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for both transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as in mathematical formula 4.

[0119]

[0120] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object.

[0121] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0122] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via non-access stratum (NAS) PDUs between an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a UE. Referring to FIG. 10, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP) in the user plane). LPP messages can be conveyed in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG application protocol) over the NG-C (NG-control plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0123] For example, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, positioning assistance data, and / or location information via the LPP protocol. For example, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0124] Previously, NR positioning up to Release 17 could only support network-based Uu positioning, which performed location search under the connection between the target UE and the network (gNB / LMF). Meanwhile, starting from NR Release 18, sidelink positioning (SL positioning) using sidelink communication can be supported. Sidelink positioning may be a new method that can perform positioning operations by exchanging positioning reference signals through a direct connection with anchor UEs around the target UE, rather than the base station. Positioning operations at the physical layer can be performed by transmitting and measuring SL PRS (sidelink positioning reference signal) between the target UE and the anchor UE.

[0125] Uu positioning can use the LPP protocol. An LPP session can be a point-to-point communication protocol between a target UE and an LMF. Through the LPP protocol, the target UE can receive positioning information from the LMF. The LMF can configure the target UE and the base station (gNB) through the LPP protocol and the NRPPa protocol, exchange positioning-related messages, and perform positioning operations. Meanwhile, in Release 18 sidelink positioning, positioning operations can be performed by exchanging sidelink positioning protocol messages with the target UE, server UE (or LMF), and anchor UEs. Sidelink positioning can use the sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) to configure and exchange messages between UEs.

[0126] Conventional positioning services primarily transmitted relatively small amounts of data for location information. However, recent high-precision sensing services utilizing various sensors, such as Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology, present challenges in processing and transmitting large amounts of sensing data in real time. In particular, non-3GPP sensors (e.g., radar, lidar, cameras, etc.) collect and transmit data individually in a non-standardized manner, leading to performance degradation and increased complexity during data integration and analysis. Furthermore, transmitting all sensing data in real time also resulted in excessive signaling overhead and power consumption.

[0127] Accordingly, the present disclosure aims to provide a method for more efficiently collecting and transmitting sensing data. Specifically, it aims to provide a method for controlling data collection and transmission from various sensors, including non-3GPP sensors, based on cycles and thresholds through 3GPP standards, and for merging these two methods to maximize efficiency.

[0128] For example, referring to a standard document, some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0129] In the description below, various names are illustrative and can be considered to perform the same / similar function (regardless of their name) based on what is described in each step.

[0130] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0131] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0132] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

[0133] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF.

[0134] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0135] - SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

[0136] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

[0137] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0138] - SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0139] - T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0140] - S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0141] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0142] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0143] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0144] - SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0145] - CCH: Control Channel

[0146] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

[0147] - UE-based: The way the UE calculates its own location is described as "UE-based".

[0148] - TP (Transmission point): A set of transmitting antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a DL PRS-only TP. A transmission point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a DL PRS-only TP, etc. A cell may include one or more transmission points. In a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

[0149] - Reception point (RP): A set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a UL SRS (sounding reference signal)-only RP. A reception point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a UL SRS-only RP, etc. A cell may include one or more reception points. In a homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

[0150] - PRS-only TP: A TP that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based terrestrial beacon system (TBS) positioning and is not connected to a cell.

[0151] - TRP (transmission-reception point): A set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) that support TP and / or RP functions.

[0152] - SRS-only RP: RP that receives only SRS signals for UL-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0153] In the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced and used as the same entity.

[0154] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

[0155] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0156] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

[0157] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0158] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0159] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0160] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0161] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

[0162] - SL PRS resource ID

[0163] - SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

[0164] - SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0165] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

[0166] - SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

[0167] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

[0168] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0169] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0170] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0171] - SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0172] - SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0173] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0174] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0175] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

[0176] NTN location-based conditional handover (CHO)

[0177] A key difference between a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and a terrestrial network (TN) is that the RSRP difference between the cell center and the cell edge is not significant. Therefore, the RSRP measurement-based handover trigger used in conventional TNs is difficult to effectively use during handovers between NTNs or between NTNs and TNs.

[0178] For reference, below is the content of 3GPP TR 38.821.

[0179] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating near-far effects in different scenarios, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating near-far effects in different scenarios: a terrestrial network (TN). For example, FIG. 11 (b) is a schematic diagram illustrating near-far effects in different scenarios: a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0180] Referring to Figure 11, in a terrestrial system, a UE can easily determine that it is located at the cell edge because of a distinct difference in RSRP compared to the cell center. However, in a non-terrestrial deployment environment, this phenomenon may not be so clear, and the signal strength difference between the two beams in the overlapping area may be small. Since the handover mechanism of Rel-15 is based on measurement events (e.g., A3), the UE may have difficulty distinguishing the better cell.

[0181] To overcome these problems, for example, the NTN can inform the UE of its reference location information and a distance threshold value. For example, the UE can compare its location with the NTN's reference location, and if the distance is within the distance threshold, NTN cell access may be possible, and if it is above the distance threshold, NTN access may not be possible. Therefore, the UE can perform a preparation process (neighbor cell measurement) for cell change operations (such as NTN cell change or NTN-TN handover) to satisfy service continuity.

[0182] Here, for example, parameters for NTN connection can be transmitted via SIB19 when the UE may be in an idle / inactive state. For example, parameters can be transmitted via ReportConfigNR when the UE is in a connected state.

[0183] UE location verification using NTN RTT positioning method

[0184] Conventionally, for NTN access, a UE must report its own location information. For example, since NTN access is typically conducted outdoors, an outdoor UE can be located using GNSS satellites.

[0185] However, positioning using GNSS satellites depends on the GNSS receiver installed in the UE (e.g., it may be dependent on the hardware performance during GNSS reception, and the hardware performance may vary for each receiver), so its performance may be difficult to guarantee. If, for example, the UE reports incorrect (error-containing) location information and an unnecessary NTN connection is made, problems such as unnecessary signaling overhead, interference, and handover failure may occur.

[0186] Above all, for example, there may be a problem in which the UE's incorrect location information is not simply due to an error in the GNSS receiver, but rather the UE may transmit its own location information as fake information for malicious purposes to access the NTN.

[0187] In a conventional NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network), unlike a TN (Terrestrial Network), the change in signal strength (RSRP) is not clear because the difference in distance from the cell center axis is relatively small when the UE (User Equipment) moves from the center of the cell to the cell edge. Therefore, the existing method of determining cell access and handover based on RSRP measurement is not effective in an NTN environment. To solve this problem, the NTN center axis and distance threshold are transmitted to the UE so that the UE can independently determine its location and determine cell access and cell change. However, this method has the problem of increased power consumption because the UE must continuously perform positioning. In addition, the location information of the UE using GNSS (such as GPS) has not only accuracy problems due to differences in the performance of the GNSS receiver, but also the problem of malicious location information manipulation. Therefore, the technical task of the present disclosure is to provide a new method of cell access and change that can solve the problems of increased UE power consumption and GNSS receiver performance and location information reliability in an NTN environment.

[0188] Therefore, the NTN network can verify the UE's location by performing UE positioning operations using NTN, rather than relying solely on the UE's GNSS receiver. 3GPP R17 / R18 can determine the UE's location using the RTT method using NTN.

[0189] In order to access an NTN cell and change cells (as described above in the NTN location-based conditional handover (CHO), UE location verification using NTN RTT positioning method), it is essential that the UE receive NTN access parameters and know its own location information (at least the distance from the NTN reference location).

[0190] However, as described above, since the UE location information using the GNSS receiver is not 100% reliable, the UE must determine its location (at least the distance from the NTN reference location) through positioning using the NTN cell or positioning using the TN network (LTE / NR positioning). In an environment where positioning using the TN network is difficult (for example, when accessing an NTN cell outside the TN network coverage), only positioning using the NTN is possible.

[0191] However, this positioning operation increases the power consumption of the UE.

[0192] Moreover, these positioning operations must be performed continuously during NTN communication, further increasing power consumption.

[0193] Furthermore, these positioning operations are not possible when the UE is in the RRC idle / inactive state. Therefore, for positioning operations, the UE must maintain the RRC connected / active state, further increasing UE power consumption.

[0194] In this disclosure, NTN cell access and cell change operations using NTN sensing technology are proposed.

[0195] In the present disclosure, the NTN can detect the distance of a UE (e.g., distance from the NTN center) through sensing technology and perform operations for NTN cell access and cell change.

[0196] Basic concepts

[0197] NTN can indirectly calculate the UE's distance from the NTN center axis by transmitting a sensing signal and measuring the time it takes for the reflected sensing signal to be received.

[0198] That is, if the UE is located close to the NTN center axis, the reflected sensing signal will be received within a short period of time. Conversely, if the UE is located far from the NTN center axis, the reflected sensing signal will be received after a relatively long time.

[0199] This can be briefly represented as Figure 12.

[0200] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the reflection time of a sensing signal varies depending on the distance difference between an NTN base station and a user terminal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 12 , for example, the farther away from the center of the NTN, the longer the time it takes for a sensing signal to be reflected and received.

[0201] Here, for example, since the NTN can know its own height (altitude) information, it can calculate the time it takes to receive a sensing signal reflected from the cell center and the time it takes to receive a sensing signal reflected from the cell edge. Here, for example, in general, since the NTN and UE located in the air are likely to have a line of sight (LOS), it may be possible to calculate the time of the sensing signal being received.

[0202] NTN access using time threshold

[0203] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether NTN connection is possible based on a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to Fig. 13, for example, it may indicate a case where the reflected sensing signal is within an NTN connection area (time threshold) (e.g., a UE is within an NTN connection area (time threshold).

[0204] For example, if a sensing signal reflected from a UE exists within a time threshold, the UE can determine that it is in the NTN service area. For example, the distance to the UE can be calculated by comparing the time of transmitting a sensing signal transmitted by the NTN with the time of receiving the reflected sensing signal. Here, for example, the sensing signal transmitting entity and the sensing signal receiving entity can be the same. Here, for example, the sensing signal transmitting entity can be related to the NTN network. Here, for example, the sensing signal transmitting entity and the sensing signal receiving entity can be different. Here, for example, the sensing signal transmitting entity can be related to the NTN network. Here, for example, the sensing signal receiving entity can be related to the TN network. Here, for example, the difference between the time of transmitting a sensing signal and the time of receiving a reflected sensing signal can be a round trip time. Here, for example, if the sensing signal requires a round trip time due to transmission and reflection, the UE distance can be calculated by taking this into account.

[0205] Here, for example, there may be multiple reflected sensing signals, and the first reflected signal can be regarded as the LOS component and a decision can be made based on this value.

[0206] NTN cell change using two time thresholds (T1, T2)

[0207] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether an NTN connection is possible based on a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 14, for example, it may represent a case where the reflected sensing signal is between T1 and T2 (e.g., a case where a UE is between T1 and T2).

[0208] Two time thresholds (T1 and T2) can be used to support UE and / or NTN mobility. For example, T1 may be a time threshold matching a distance threshold within which access is permitted, and T2 may be a time threshold matching a distance outside the NTN area. Therefore, for example, if a sensing signal reflected from a UE exists within T1 and T2, the NTN can determine that the UE requires a cell change.

[0209] NTN cell change using a single time threshold

[0210] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether NTN connection is possible based on a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a threshold time for determining whether NTN connection is possible based on a time difference between a sensing signal of an NTN transmitter and a sensing signal reflected therefrom, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 15 , for example, a case may be illustrated where a UE moves to the edge of an NTN cell. Referring to FIG. 16 , for example, a case may be illustrated where a UE moves to the center of an NTN cell.

[0211] For example, a single time threshold can be used to support UE or NTN mobility. For example, if the UE and / or NTN are moving, the reflected sensing signal's time may shift. For example, if a UE moves to the cell edge / boundary, the NTN may determine that the UE requires a cell change.

[0212] Here, for example, when the UE moves toward the edge of the cell, the reception point of the reflected sensing signal may gradually move away from the transmission point of the sensing signal. Here, for example, conversely, when the UE moves toward the center of the cell, the reception point of the reflected sensing signal may gradually move closer to the transmission point of the sensing signal.

[0213] NTN cell access authorization via “cell access information (e.g., cell access indication)”

[0214] For example, if the NTN determines that the UE is in the NTN service area, it can transmit “cell access information (e.g., cell access indication)” to the UE to allow NTN cell access. For example, through this, the UE can access the NTN cell without performing positioning operations.

[0215] Request to prepare NTN cell change through “cell change information (e.g., cell change instruction)”

[0216] For example, if the NTN determines that the UE needs to change cells, it can transmit “cell change information (e.g., cell change instruction)” to the UE so that the UE can perform cell change (e.g., cell reselection or handover). For example, the UE that receives this request can perform neighboring cell detection (e.g., cell reselection or handover) to change cells. For example, at this time, the NTN can transmit neighboring cell information to the UE when transmitting the “cell change information (e.g., cell change instruction)”, which can include other NTN cells or TN cells.

[0217] Setting a time threshold

[0218] For example, the NTN may require one or two time thresholds to determine the UE's location through sensing operations. For example, these may be set by the BS (e.g., a BS connected to the NTN via a gateway). For example, in the case of an NTN with BS functionality, these may be set by the NTN.

[0219] Setting the RSRP threshold

[0220] For example, when NTN operates in the form of QUASI EARTH-FIXED CELL, even if the position of the target UE does not change over time, the signal propagation distance / link quality between the target UE and the satellite may be different when the satellite is located to the right of the target UE and when the satellite is located to the left of the target UE.

[0221] Taking this into account, the RSRP threshold used to determine a valid NTN cell along with the time threshold may also be set differently depending on, for example, the satellite position, the target area location where the sensing signal is transmitted, etc.

[0222] NTN-TN bistatic sensing

[0223] For example, direct sensing signal transmission / reception operation of NTN may have coverage issues. One way to overcome this is, for example, for NTN to send sensing signals for a specific area, and for a representative entity (ENTITY) in that area to determine whether a target UE is present within that area (e.g., an authorized / trusted entity (ENTITY) that does not artificially modify the measurement results, such as a TN network such as a base station) to perform / report. For example, if the location of the target UE is more than a threshold value away from the NTN reference location, the representative entity (ENTITY) may omit reporting to the NTN (as part of overhead reduction and implicit indication).

[0224] Hereinafter, the benefits that can be obtained through the present disclosure can be described.

[0225] In the present disclosure, a method is proposed for performing NTN cell access and cell change operations using NTN sensing technology (without UE positioning operations).

[0226] Through the present disclosure, NTN cell access and cell change operations can be performed without UE positioning operations, thereby reducing power consumption due to UE positioning operations.

[0227] Additionally, “cell connection information (e.g., cell connection indication)” and “cell change information (e.g., cell change indication)” can be received by the UE even in the RRC idle / inactive state (e.g., using SIB, etc.). Accordingly, the UE can perform NTN connection and cell change (e.g., cell reselection) operations even in the idle / inactive state without performing positioning operations in the active state, thereby reducing UE power consumption.

[0228] Furthermore, the present disclosure enables NTN access regardless of whether the UE is equipped with a GNSS receiver. For example, while conventional NTN communication only allows access to UEs equipped with a GNSS receiver, the present technology enables NTN communication even with UEs without a GNSS receiver.

[0229] Additionally, when the UE is connected to the NTN and does not receive “cell change information (e.g., cell change instruction)” from the NTN, it does not need to perform neighboring cell detection. Therefore, power consumption due to neighboring cell detection can be reduced.

[0230] Below, scenarios in which the present disclosure can be utilized can be described.

[0231] For example, among NTNs, it may be difficult for high / medium earth orbit satellites (GEO / MEO) to receive sensing signals reflected from terrestrial UEs (UEs) on the ground. However, for example, it is possible to receive sensing signals reflected from aerial UEs (UEs).

[0232] For example, in the case of an airborne NTN such as a low earth orbit satellite (LEO) or HAPS / UAV, it is possible to receive sensing signals reflected from a terrestrial UE on the ground and an aerial UE.

[0233] Therefore, the present technology can be applied and used in all possible cases where NTN can receive reflected sensing signals.

[0234] For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set resource pool-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set congestion level-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service priority-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI (5QI (5G QoS identifier) ​​for PC5). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for traffic types (e.g., periodic generation or aperiodic generation). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL transmission resource allocation modes (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2).For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be configured specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

[0235] For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether PUCCH configuration is supported (e.g., when PUCCH resources are configured or when PUCCH resources are not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a resource pool (e.g., a resource pool where PSFCH is configured or a resource pool where PSFCH is not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a type of service / packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a priority of a service / packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a QoS profile or QoS requirement (e.g., URLLC / EMBB traffic, reliability, latency). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PQI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PFI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a (resource pool) congestion level (e.g., CBR).For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ feedback scheme (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Enabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Disabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PUCCH-based SL HARQ feedback reporting operation is set. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether pre-emption or pre-emption-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether re-evaluation or re-evaluation-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (source and / or destination) identifiers. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (a combination of source ID and destination ID) identifiers.For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an identifier (L2 or L1) (a combination of a pair of source ID and destination ID and a cast type). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a direction of a pair of source layer ID and destination layer ID. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection / link. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is supported. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the SL mode type (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the case of performing (a)periodic resource reservation. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

[0236] The applicability of the proposals and proposed rules of the present disclosure (and / or related parameter settings) may also be applied to mmWave sidelink operation.

[0237] For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values ​​of resource pools. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link.For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the UE is power saving (TX or RX). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) if (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed the UE capability)) (and / or if PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from a TX UE.

[0238] For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0239] For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

[0240] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may mean a value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may mean an operation that a base station sets (in advance) to a UE via a higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0241] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as a control message or a data message or a signal or a data signal or a control signal.

[0242] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced with beam selection or spatial filter selection or beam pairing or spatial filter pairing or beam failure recovery or spatial filter recovery or beam sweeping or spatial filter sweeping or beam switching or spatial filter switching or measurement of reference signal resources or measurement reporting of reference signal resources or beam reporting or spatial filter reporting, etc.

[0243] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted as being replaced by an RS or RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

[0244] In embodiments of the present disclosure, RS may be interpreted as being replaced with RS resources or spatial filter resources.

[0245] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting terminal may be interpreted as a terminal transmitting a beam, a terminal transmitting a beam RS, a terminal transmitting a beam RS resource, etc.

[0246] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as a terminal that receives a beam, a terminal that receives a beam RS, a terminal that receives a beam RS resource, etc.

[0247] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the transmission beam and resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the reception beam.

[0248] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct communication request (DCR) and / or direct communication accept (DCA) messages may be interpreted as being replaced with PC5-S DCR and / or PC5-S DCA messages.

[0249] In embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or transmission configuration indication (TCI) information and / or quasi-co-location (QCL) information and / or beams, etc. may refer to each other and / or may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmission or reception filter, etc.

[0250] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as a transmit beam or a receive beam or a spatial filter or a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter or a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

[0251] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmit / transmit beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter.

[0252] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the receive beam may be interpreted by replacing it with a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

[0253] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission is the same may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception is the same may mean that the two different reception signals are in a QCL 'TypeD' relationship and / or use the same spatial RX parameters.

[0254] For example, the control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) in the present disclosure may mean a control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) for wireless communication (e.g., LTE communication, NR communication, 6G communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and / or other wireless communication) other than a radar signal.

[0255] For example, the source ID and destination ID disclosed in the present disclosure may mean a source layer 1 ID and a destination layer 1 ID, and / or may mean a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID.

[0256] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1710, the first device may receive information related to cell access from the second device. In step S1720, the first device may connect to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on the time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0258] For example, the time associated with the sensing signal being reflected from the first device may be a round trip time associated with the sensing signal being reflected from the first device.

[0259] For example, the round trip time may be a round trip time associated with the second device.

[0260] For example, the sensing signal reflected from the first device may be the first sensing signal reflected from among the sensing signals reflected from the first device.

[0261] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a device associated with a non-terrestrial network.

[0262] For example, the sensing signal reflected from the first device may be related to the sensing signal transmitted from the second device and reflected from the first device.

[0263] For example, a sensing signal reflected from the first device may be received by a third device. For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a device associated with a non-terrestrial network. For example, the third device may be a device associated with a terrestrial network.

[0264] For example, based on the second device being associated with a quasi-earth-fixed cell, the reference signal reception power threshold can be independently set based on the location of the first device.

[0265] For example, the first device may receive information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time.

[0266] For example, information related to the cell change may be received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time and within the second threshold time.

[0267] For example, the first device may receive information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be received based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

[0268] For example, the first device may receive information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be received based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

[0269] For example, the first device may perform neighbor cell detection based on information related to the cell change. For example, the first device may perform cell reselection or handover based on the neighbor cell detection.

[0270] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive information related to cell access from the second device. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to connect to the second device or perform connection based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access can be received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0271] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, information related to cell access; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0272] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, information related to cell access; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0273] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive information related to cell connectivity from a second device; and connect to the second device based on the information related to cell connectivity. For example, the information related to cell connectivity may be received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0274] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1810, the second device can obtain information related to a first threshold time. In step S1820, the second device can transmit a sensing signal to the first device. In step S1830, the second device can receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal. In step S1840, the second device can transmit information related to cell access to the first device. In step S1850, the second device can perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell access. For example, the information related to the cell access can be transmitted based on the time related to the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0276] For example, the time associated with the sensing signal being reflected from the first device may be a round trip time associated with the sensing signal being reflected from the first device.

[0277] For example, the round trip time may be a round trip time associated with the second device.

[0278] For example, the sensing signal reflected from the first device may be the first sensing signal reflected from among the sensing signals reflected from the first device.

[0279] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a device associated with a non-terrestrial network.

[0280] For example, the sensing signal reflected from the first device may be related to the sensing signal transmitted from the second device and reflected from the first device.

[0281] For example, a sensing signal reflected from the first device may be received by a third device. For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a device associated with a non-terrestrial network. For example, the third device may be a device associated with a terrestrial network.

[0282] For example, based on the second device being associated with a quasi-earth-fixed cell, the reference signal reception power threshold can be independently set based on the location of the first device.

[0283] For example, the second device may transmit information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time.

[0284] For example, information related to the cell change may be transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time and within the second threshold time.

[0285] For example, the second device may transmit information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be transmitted based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

[0286] For example, the second device may transmit information related to a cell change. For example, the information related to the cell change may be transmitted based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

[0287] For example, neighboring cell detection may be performed based on information related to the above cell change. For example, cell reselection or handover may be performed based on the neighboring cell detection.

[0288] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can obtain information related to a first threshold time. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a sensing signal to the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to cell access to the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can perform or control the transceiver (206) to perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to cell access. For example, information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

[0289] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to a cell connection to the first device; and perform an association procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell connection. For example, the information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0290] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to a cell connection to the first device; and perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to the cell connection. For example, the information related to the cell connection may be transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0291] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: obtain information related to a first threshold time; transmit a sensing signal to a first device; receive a signal reflected from the first device related to the sensing signal; transmit information related to cell access to the first device; and perform an access procedure with the first device based on the transmission of the information related to cell access. For example, the information related to cell access may be transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within the first threshold time.

[0292] According to the present disclosure, whether to access a cell or change a cell is determined based on whether the time for a sensing signal transmitted by an NTN to be reflected by a UE and received by the NTN is within a preset threshold time. Therefore, the UE can access a cell and change a cell based on accurate and reliable location information without having to perform a separate active positioning operation, and can prevent problems such as unnecessary access signaling, interference, or handover failure that may occur due to differences in the performance of GNSS receivers or malicious manipulation of location information. In addition, since the UE does not require continuous positioning operation, it can significantly reduce power consumption and improve power efficiency, and it can receive cell access-related information even in an RRC idle / inactive state, enabling efficient cell access and cell change management, thereby achieving additional power savings, simplification of the access process, and reduction of signal overhead.

[0293] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0294] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0295] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0296] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0297] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0298] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0299] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0300] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0301] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0302] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0303] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0304] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0305] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0306] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0307] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0308] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0309] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0310] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0311] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 21, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 21 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. The hardware elements of FIG. 21 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20.

[0313] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 21. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0314] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0315] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0316] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 21. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 20) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0317] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 19). The embodiment of Figure 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0318] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 20. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0319] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0320] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0321] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 22 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0322] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0323] Referring to FIG. 23, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 22, respectively.

[0324] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0325] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

Claims

1. In the method, A step in which a first device receives information related to cell connection from a second device; and A step in which the first device connects to the second device based on information related to cell connection; A method in which information related to the above cell connection is received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device is a round trip time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

3. In paragraph 2, A method wherein the above round trip time is a round trip time associated with the second device.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the sensing signal reflected from the first device is the first sensing signal reflected among the sensing signals reflected from the first device.

5. In paragraph 1, The above first device is a terminal, and A method wherein the second device is a device related to a non-terrestrial network.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the sensing signal reflected from the first device is transmitted from the second device and is related to the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

7. In paragraph 6, The sensing signal reflected from the first device is received by the third device, The above first device is a terminal, The above second device is a device related to a non-terrestrial network, The method wherein the third device is a device related to a terrestrial network.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein a reference signal reception power threshold is independently set based on the location of the first device, based on the second device being associated with a quasi-earth-fixed cell.

9. In paragraph 1, The first device further comprises a step of receiving information related to cell change; A method wherein information related to the cell change is received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time.

10. In paragraph 9, A method wherein information related to the cell change is received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being outside the first threshold time and within the second threshold time.

11. In paragraph 1, The first device further comprises a step of receiving information related to cell change; A method wherein information related to the cell change is received based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

12. In paragraph 1, The first device further comprises a step of receiving information related to cell change; A method wherein information related to the cell change is received based on an increase in the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device.

13. In paragraph 10, A step in which the first device performs detection of surrounding cells based on information related to the cell change; and A method comprising: a step of performing cell reselection or handover based on detection of the surrounding cells by the first device; 14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: To receive information related to cell connection from a second device; and Connect to the second device based on information related to cell connection, A first device, wherein the information related to the cell connection is received based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

15. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: To receive information related to cell connection from a second device; and Connect to the second device based on information related to cell connection, A processing device, wherein information related to the cell connection is received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: To receive information related to cell connection from a second device; and Connect to the second device based on information related to cell connection, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein information related to the cell connection is received based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

17. In the method, A second device obtains information related to a first threshold time; A step in which the second device transmits a sensing signal to the first device; A step in which the second device receives a signal reflected from the first device in relation to the sensing signal; A step in which the second device transmits information related to cell connection to the first device; and A step in which the second device performs a connection procedure with the first device based on transmission of information related to the cell connection; A method in which information related to the above cell connection is transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Obtain information related to the first critical time; To transmit a sensing signal to the first device; Receive a signal reflected from the first device in relation to the sensing signal; To transmit information related to cell connection to the first device; and Perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of information related to the above cell connection, A second device, wherein information related to the cell connection is transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

19. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Obtain information related to the first critical time; To transmit a sensing signal to the first device; Receive a signal reflected from the first device in relation to the sensing signal; To transmit information related to cell connection to the first device; and Perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of information related to the above cell connection, A processing device, wherein information related to the cell connection is transmitted based on the time associated with the sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Obtain information related to the first critical time; To transmit a sensing signal to the first device; Receive a signal reflected from the first device in relation to the sensing signal; To transmit information related to cell connection to the first device; and Perform a connection procedure with the first device based on the transmission of information related to the above cell connection, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein information related to the cell connection is transmitted based on a time associated with a sensing signal reflected from the first device being within a first threshold time.

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