Device, location server, methods and computer readable media for communications
By generating and aligning first and second information for AI or ML models, the solution addresses the challenge of data pairing in terminal device positioning, enhancing accuracy and precision in positioning systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/099909
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
The challenge in existing technologies is the efficient pairing of first and second information for training data collection of terminal device positioning using AI or ML models, ensuring they are associated with the same terminal device and location, which is crucial for accurate positioning.
A device generates first information and obtains second information from a location server to determine a training data sample for AI or ML model-based positioning, aligning timestamps and ground truth labels to ensure data pairing accuracy.
This approach facilitates accurate training data collection for AI or ML models, enhancing positioning accuracy by ensuring that the paired information is associated with the same terminal device and location, improving positioning precision.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024099909_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICE, LOCATION SERVER, METHODS AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIA FOR COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a device, location server, methods and computer readable medium for communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] The third generation partnership project (3GPP) is currently working on support for positioning accuracy enhancement based on an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model for new radio (NR) air interface. For training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on the AI or Ml model, a collected data sample may comprise first information generated by a network device or the terminal device as well as second information generated by a location server.
[0003] In the cases where transfer of the first information and / or the second information between different entities happens, there should be a design on necessary signaling exchange to help to pair the first information and the second information to fulfil the following conditions: the first information and the second information are for a same terminal device, and the first information and the second information are for a same location associated with the second information.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device, location server, methods and computer readable medium for communications.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first device to: generate a set of first information for a terminal device; obtain, from a location server, at least one set of second information for the terminal device 110; and determine a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a location server. The location server comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the location server to: determine at least one set of second information for a terminal device; and transmit the at least one set of second information to a first device for determination of a training data sample, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a location server, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing and reporting of a channel measurement to the location server; receive a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the location server; perform the channel measurement based on the first parameter; and report, based on the first parameter, the channel measurement to the location server for training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a location server. The location server comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the location server to: receive, from a first device, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing of a channel measurement and reporting of the channel measurement to the location server; determine a first parameter from the at least one parameter; and transmit the first parameter to first device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method for communications. The method comprises: generating a set of first information for a terminal device; obtaining, from a location server, at least one set of second information for the terminal device 110; and determining a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method for communications. The method comprises: determining at least one set of second information for a terminal device; and transmitting the at least one set of second information to a first device for determination of a training data sample, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method for communications. The method comprises: transmitting, to a location server, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing and reporting of a channel measurement to the location server; receiving a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the location server; performing the channel measurement based on the first parameter; and reporting, based on the first parameter, the channel measurement to the location server for training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method for communications. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing of a channel measurement and reporting of the channel measurement to the location server; determining a first parameter from the at least one parameter; and transmitting the first parameter to first device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any of the fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth aspect.
[0014] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] Fig. 1 illustrate an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] Fig. 2 illustrates another example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0018] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process for communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process for communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0024] Fig. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0027] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0028] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , positioning reference unit (PRU) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Small Data Transmission (SDT) , mobility, Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0029] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0030] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to infer some target information.
[0031] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0032] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) / Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0033] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0034] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0035] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘some embodiments’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least some embodiments. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0036] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0037] As described above, in the cases where transfer of the first information and / or the second information between different entities happens, there should be a design on necessary signaling exchange to help to pair the first information and the second information to fulfil following conditions: the first information and the second information are for a same terminal device, and the first information and the second information are for a same location associated with the second information.
[0038] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for communications. In this solution, a first device generates a set of first information for a terminal device. Then, the first device obtains, from a location server, at least one set of second information for the terminal device. In turn, the first device determines a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information. The training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model. This solution may help the first device to pair the set of first information and the first set of second information to fulfil the following conditions: the first information and the second information are for a same terminal device, and the first information and the second information are for a same location associated with the second information.
[0039] Hereinafter, principle of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 9.
[0040] Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication network 100 comprises a terminal device or a positioning reference unit (PRU) 110, a network device 120 and a location server 130.
[0041] In some embodiments, the location server 130 may be a physical or logical entity that manages positioning for a target device by obtaining measurements and other location information from one or more positioning units and providing assistance data to positioning units to help determine this. The location server 130 may also compute or verify the final location estimate.
[0042] In some embodiments, the location server 130 may comprise one of the following: an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre (E-SMLC) , a Location Management Function (LMF) or Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) .
[0043] In some embodiments, the terminal device or PRU 110 may communicate with the location server 130 based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) . LPP is used point-to-point between the location server 130 and a target device in order to position the target device using position-related measurements obtained by one or more reference sources. For example, the target device may comprise a UE or SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) .
[0044] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may communicate with the location server 130 based on a New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) . The NRPPa procedure modules are divided into two modules as follows: NRPPa Location Information Transfer Procedures and NRPPa Management Procedures.
[0045] The NRPPa Location Information Transfer Procedures module contains procedures used to handle the transfer of positioning related information between NG-RAN Node and LMF. The Management Procedures module contains procedures that are not related specifically to positioning, i.e., error handling.
[0046] It is to be understood that the number of network devices and terminal devices is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication network 100 may comprise any suitable number of network devices and terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0047] Fig. 2 illustrates another example communication network 200 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 2, the communication network 200 may comprise a first device 210 and the location server 130 in Fig. 1.
[0048] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device or PRU 110 or the network device 120 in Fig. 1. Alternatively, the first device 210 may be implemented as a transmission reception point (TRP) .
[0049] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 300 for communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 300 may involve the first device 210 and the location server 130 in Fig. 2.
[0050] As shown in Fig. 3, the first device 210 generates 310 a set of first information for a terminal device.
[0051] The location server 130 determines 320 at least one set of second information for the terminal device 110.
[0052] Then, the first device 210 obtains 330, from the location server 130, the at least one set of second information for the terminal device 110.
[0053] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device or PRU 110 in Fig. 1. In such embodiments, the first device 210 may obtain the at least one set of second information from the location server 130 via LPP.
[0054] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the network device 120 in Fig. 1 or a TRP. In such embodiments, the first device 210 may obtain the at least one set of second information from the location server 130 via NRPPa.
[0055] In turn, the first device 210 determines 340 a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information. The training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model. For example, the first device 210 may pair the set of first information and the first set of second information to determine the training data sample.
[0056] Hereinafter, an AI or ML model is also referred to as AI / ML model.
[0057] In some embodiments, a model may be used interchangeably with AI model, ML model, AI or ML model, (AI / ML / auto-) encoder, channel state information (CSI) generation part or UE part / side model, functionality, AI-enabled feature / FG, which means a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of (AI / ML) outputs based on a set of (AI / ML) inputs.
[0058] The process 300 may help the first device 210 to pair the set of first information and the first set of second information, especially when the terminal device is moving.
[0059] In some embodiments, the set of first information generated by the first device 210 may comprise at least one of the following:
[0060] ● a channel measurement,
[0061] ● a quality indicator of the channel measurement, or
[0062] ● a time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0063] In some embodiments, each of the at least one set of second information generated by the location server 130 may comprise at least one of the following:
[0064] ● a ground truth label,
[0065] ● a quality indicator of the ground truth label, or
[0066] ● a time stamp of the ground truth label.
[0067] In some embodiments, the ground truth label may indicate a location of the terminal device. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the ground truth label may comprise a line of sight (LOS) indicator or a non-line of sight (NLOS) indicator, timing information (e.g., TDOA, RX-TX time difference, etc) .
[0068] As used herein, the term “ground truth label” may be used interchangeably with the term “ground truth” .
[0069] In some embodiments, the location server 130 may determine the at least one set of second information by selecting at least one time stamp of at least one ground truth label in the at least one set of second information based on a configuration for a reference signal for channel measurement. For example, the location server 130 may receive the configuration for the reference signal from the network device 120 or a TRP. The reference signal may comprise a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a dedicated PRS for AI / ML data collection.
[0070] In some embodiments, the at least one set of second information may comprise multiple sets of second information. The multiple sets of second information may comprise different ground truth labels (e.g., LOS / NLOS indicators, timing information) and different time stamps of the ground truth labels. For example, the multiple sets of second information may comprise a first set of second information and a second set of second information. The first set of second information may comprise a first ground truth label and a first time stamp of the first ground truth label. The second set of second information may comprise a second ground truth label and a second time stamp of the second ground truth label. The first ground truth label is different from the second ground truth label. The first time stamp of the first ground truth label is different from the second time stamp of the second ground truth label.
[0071] In some embodiments, if the at least one set of second information comprises multiple sets of second information, the first device 210 may determine whether a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information. If the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement, the first device 210 may select the first set of second information from the multiple sets of second information. In turn, the first device 210 may determine the training data sample based on the set of first information and the first set of second information.
[0072] In some embodiments, in order to determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement, the first device 210 may determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is most aligned with the second time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0073] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in order to determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement, the first device 210 may determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is the same as the second time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0074] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in order to determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement, the first device 210 may determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is similar to the second time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0075] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in order to determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement, the first device 210 may determine whether the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is the closest to the second time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0076] In some embodiments, the at least one set of second information may only comprise the first set of second information. In such embodiments, the first device 210 may transmit a request for the first set of second information to the location server 130. The request may comprise a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information.
[0077] Upon receiving the request, the location server 130 may determine the first set of second information based on the second time stamp of the channel measurement in the set of first information.
[0078] In turn, the location server 130 may transmit a response to the request to the first device 210. The response may comprise the first set of second information. A first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement in the set of first information. For example, the first time stamp of the first ground truth label is most aligned with, the same as, similar to or the closest to the second time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0079] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the network device 130 in Fig. 1. In such embodiments, the location server 130 may transmit, to the first device 210, a request for transmission of a reference signal for channel measurement at first time. The reference signal may comprise an uplink reference signal. For example, the reference signal may comprise a sounding reference signal (SRS) or a dedicated SRS for AI / ML data collection. Transmission of the reference signal and channel measurement is specified to be performed at the first time.
[0080] Upon receiving the request for transmission of the reference signal, the first device 210 may schedule, based on the request, the transmission of the reference signal from the terminal device 110 at the first time.
[0081] Then, the first device 210 (i.e., the network device 130) may generate the set of first information by measuring, at the first time, the reference signal from the terminal device 110 for channel measurement.
[0082] The location server 130 may transmit the first set of second information to the first device 210. A first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with the first time.
[0083] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device 110 in Fig. 1. In such embodiments, the location server 130 may transmit, to the network device 130 in Fig. 1, a request for transmission of a reference signal for channel measurement at first time. The reference signal may comprise a downlink reference signal. For example, the reference signal may comprise a PRS or a dedicated PRS for AI / ML data collection. Transmission of the reference signal and channel measurement is specified to be performed at the first time.
[0084] In such embodiments, the first device 210 (i.e., the terminal device 110) may generate the set of first information by measuring, at the first time, the reference signal from the network device 130 for channel measurement.
[0085] The location server 130 may transmit the first set of second information to the first device 210. A first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with the first time.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device 110 in Fig. 1. In such embodiments, the set of first information for the terminal device 110 is generated by the first device 210 and a second set of second information for the terminal device 110 is generated by the location server 130. The set of first information is transferred from the first device 210 to the location server 130 via LPP.
[0087] In order to help the location server 130 to pair the set of first information and the second set of second information to determine a training data sample, especially when the terminal device 110 is moving, the location server 130 can pair the set of first information with the second set of second information whose time stamp is associated with a time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information.
[0088] If there is not a second set of second information comprising a third time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, the location server 130 may determine an un-labeled training data sample. The un-labeled training data sample comprises the set of first information received from the first device 210. In other words, if there is no second information with a time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, the set of first information could be collected as un-labeled training data sample by the location server 130.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the network device 130 in Fig. 1 or a TRP. In such embodiments, the set of first information for the terminal device 110 is generated by the network device 130 or the TRP and a second set of second information for the terminal device 110 is generated by the terminal device 110. The set of first information is transferred from the the network device 130 or the TRP to the location server 130 via NRPPa. The second set of second information is transferred from the terminal device 110 to the location server 130 via LPP.
[0090] In order to help the location server 130 to pair the set of first information and the second set of second information, especially when the terminal device 110 is moving, the identification information of the terminal device 110 should also be transferred to the location server 130 together with the set of first information and the second set of second information, respectively.
[0091] If there is not a second set of second information comprising a third time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, the location server 130 may determine an un-labeled training data sample. The un-labeled training data sample comprises the set of first information received from the first device 210. In other words, if there is not second information with a time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, the set of first information could be collected as un-labeled training data sample by the location server 130.
[0092] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 400 for communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 400 may involve the first device 210 and the location server 130 in Fig. 2.
[0093] As shown in Fig. 4, the first device 210 transmits 410, to the location server 130, at least one parameter supported by the first device 210. The at least one parameter is related to performing and reporting of a channel measurement to the location server 130.
[0094] In some embodiments, each of the at least one parameter may indicate a timing reporting granularity factor supported by the first device 210. The timing reporting granularity factor may be represented by k. For example, the timing reporting granularity factor may comprise at least one of the following: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Alternatively, the timing reporting granularity factor may comprise at least one of the following: -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
[0095] Alternatively, in some embodiments, each of the at least one parameter may indicate the first number of samples of a channel measurement for an estimated channel response in time domain supported by the first device 210. The first number of samples of the estimated channel response may be represented by Nt’ .
[0096] Alternatively, in some embodiments, each of the at least one parameter may indicate a rule supported by the first device 210 for selecting the first number of samples of a channel measurement for the estimated channel response in time domain.
[0097] In some embodiments, the rule for selecting the first number of samples may indicate selecting the first number of samples based on strongest powers of the first number of samples. For example, if powers of the first number of samples are the strongest among powers of all samples of the estimated channel response in time domain, the first device 210 may select the first number of samples.
[0098] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the rule for selecting the first number of samples may indicate selecting the first number of samples based on a sampling period for the first number of samples.
[0099] Alternatively, in some embodiments, each of the at least one parameter may indicate the number of reported paths supported by the first device 210.
[0100] Upon receiving the at least one parameter, the location server 130 determines 420 a first parameter from the at least one parameter.
[0101] In turn, the location server 130 transmits 430 the first parameter to the first device 210.
[0102] For example, if the first device 210 is implemented as the terminal device 110, the location server 130 may transmit the first parameter to the first device 210 via LPP.
[0103] For another example, if the first device 210 is implemented as the network device 130 or a TRP, the location server 130 may transmit the first parameter to the first device 210 via NRPPa.
[0104] Upon receiving the first parameter, the first device 210 performs 440 the channel measurement based on the first parameter.
[0105] In turn, the first device 210 reports 450, based on the first parameter, the channel measurement to the location server 130 for training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on an AI / ML model.
[0106] In some embodiments, the channel measurement may comprise powers of the first number of samples (i.e., Nt’ samples) of the estimated channel response.
[0107] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may report, to the location server 130, Nt’ samples of the estimated channel response with a timing granularity T, where T=2k x Tc, k represents the timing reporting granularity factor, Tc is the basic time unit for NR as defined in TS 38.211.
[0108] For example, if the first device 210 is implemented as the terminal device 110, the first device 210 may report the Nt’ samples to the location server 130 with the timing granularity T via LPP.
[0109] For another example, if the first device 210 is implemented as the network device 130 or a TRP, the first device 210 may report the Nt’ samples to the location server 130 with the timing granularity T via NRPPa.
[0110] With the process 400, the location server 130 may determine the first parameter to align the format for channel measurement reports from various devices comprising the first device 210.
[0111] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 500 can be implemented at a first device, such as the first device 210 as shown in Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
[0112] At block 510, the first device 210 generates a set of first information for a terminal device.
[0113] At block 520, the first device 210 obtains, from a location server, at least one set of second information for the terminal device.
[0114] At block 530, the first device 210 determines a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information. The training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0115] In some embodiments, each of the at least one set of second information comprises at least one of the following: a ground truth label, a quality indicator of the ground truth label, or a time stamp of the ground truth label.
[0116] In some embodiments, the set of first information comprises at least one of the following: a channel measurement, a quality indicator of the channel measurement, or a time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0117] In some embodiments, the at least one set of second information comprises multiple sets of second information. In such embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: based on determining that a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, selecting the first set of second information from the multiple sets of second information.
[0118] In some embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: transmitting a request for the first set of second information to the location server, wherein the request comprises a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information; and receiving a response to the request from the location server, wherein the response comprises the first set of second information, wherein a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement in the set of first information.
[0119] In some embodiments, generating the set of first information comprises: measuring, at first time, a reference signal from a second device for channel measurement.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first device 210 comprises a network device and the second device comprises the terminal device. In such embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: receiving, from the location server, a request for transmission of the reference signal at the first time associated with a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information; and scheduling the transmission of the reference signal from the second device at the first time.
[0121] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 600 can be implemented at a location server, such as the location server 130 as shown in Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
[0122] At block 610, the location server 130 determines at least one set of second information for a terminal device.
[0123] At block 620, the location server 130 transmits the at least one set of second information to a first device for determination of a training data sample. The training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0124] In some embodiments, each of the at least one set of second information comprises at least one of the following: a ground truth label, a quality indicator of the ground truth label, or a time stamp of the ground truth label.
[0125] In some embodiments, determining the at least one set of second information comprises: selecting at least one time stamp of at least one ground truth label in the at least one set of second information based on a configuration for a reference signal for channel measurement.
[0126] In some embodiments, the training data sample comprises a set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information. In such embodiments, determining the first set of second information comprises: receiving, from the first device, a request for the first set of second information, In some embodiments, the request comprises a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information; and determining the first set of second information based on the second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information. In such embodiments, transmitting the first set of second information comprises: transmitting a response to the request to the first device, wherein the response comprises the first set of second information.
[0127] In some embodiments, the set of first information comprises at least one of the following: a channel measurement, a quality indicator of the channel measurement, or a time stamp of the channel measurement.
[0128] In some embodiments, the training data sample comprises a set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information; and
[0129] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting, to the first device, a request for transmission of a reference signal for channel measurement at first time associated with a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information.
[0130] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving the set of first information from the first device; and based on determining that there is not a second set of second information comprising a third time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, determining an un-labeled training data sample comprising the set of first information.
[0131] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 700 can be implemented at a first device, such as the first device 210 as shown in Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
[0132] At block 710, the first device 210 transmits, to a location server, at least one parameter supported by the first device. The at least one parameter is related to performing of a channel measurement and reporting of the channel measurement to the location server.
[0133] At block 720, the first device 210 receives a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the location server.
[0134] At block 730, the first device 210 performs the channel measurement based on the first parameter.
[0135] At block 740, the first device 210 reports, based on the first parameter, the channel measurement to the location server for training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on an AI or ML model.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first parameter indicates one of the following: a timing reporting granularity factor, a first number of samples of an estimated channel response in time domain, a rule for selecting the first number of samples, or the number of reported paths.
[0137] In some embodiments, the rule for selecting the first number of samples indicates one of the following: selecting the first number of samples based on strongest powers of the first number of samples, or selecting the first number of samples based on a sampling period for the first number of samples.
[0138] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 800 can be implemented at a location server, such as the location server 130 as shown in Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
[0139] At block 810, the location server 130 receives, from a first device, at least one parameter supported by the first device. The at least one parameter is related to performing and reporting of a channel measurement to the location server.
[0140] At block 820, the location server 130 determines a first parameter from the at least one parameter.
[0141] At block 830, the location server 130 transmits the first parameter to a first device.
[0142] In some embodiments, the first parameter indicates one of the following: a timing reporting granularity factor, a first number of samples of an estimated channel response in time domain, a rule for selecting the first number of samples, or the number of reported paths.
[0143] In some embodiments, the rule for selecting the first number of samples indicates one of the following: selecting the first number of samples based on strongest powers of the first number of samples, or selecting the first number of samples based on a sampling period for the first number of samples.
[0144] Fig. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device 900 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 can be considered as a further example embodiment of the first device 210 or the location server 130 as shown in Fig. 2. Accordingly, the device 900 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0145] As shown, the device 900 includes a processor 910, a memory 920 coupled to the processor 910, a suitable transceiver 940 coupled to the processor 910, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 940. The memory 910 stores at least a part of a program 930. The transceiver 940 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 940 may include at least one of a transmitter 942 and a receiver 944. The transmitter 942 and the receiver 944 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 940 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0146] The components included in the apparatuses and / or devices of the present disclosure may be implemented in various manners, including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, one or more units may be implemented using software and / or firmware, for example, machine-executable instructions stored on the storage medium. In addition to or instead of machine-executable instructions, parts or all of the units in the apparatuses and / or devices may be implemented, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs) , System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs) , Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) , and the like.
Claims
A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:generate a set of first information for a terminal device;obtain, from a location server, at least one set of second information for the terminal device; anddetermine a training data sample based on the set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model.The first device of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one set of second information comprises at least one of the following:a ground truth label,a quality indicator of the ground truth label, ora time stamp of the ground truth label.The first device of claim 2, wherein the at least one set of second information comprises multiple sets of second information;wherein the first device is further caused to:based on determining that a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, select the first set of second information from the multiple sets of second information.The first device of claim 1, wherein the set of first information comprises at least one of the following:a channel measurement,a quality indicator of the channel measurement, ora time stamp of the channel measurement.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is further caused to:transmit a request for the first set of second information to the location server, wherein the request comprises a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information; andreceive a response to the request from the location server, wherein the response comprises the first set of second information, wherein a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information is associated with the second time stamp of the channel measurement in the set of first information.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to generate the set of first information by:measuring, at first time, a reference signal from a second device for channel measurement.The first device of claim 6, wherein the first device comprises a network device and the second device comprises the terminal device; andwherein the first device is further caused to:receive, from the location server, a request for transmission of the reference signal at the first time associated with a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information; andschedule the transmission of the reference signal from the second device at the first time.A location server, comprising:a processor configured to cause the location server to:determine at least one set of second information for a terminal device; andtransmit the at least one set of second information to a first device for determination of a training data sample, wherein the training data sample is for training data collection of positioning the terminal device based on an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model.The location server of claim 8, wherein each of the at least one set of second information comprises at least one of the following:a ground truth label,a quality indicator of the ground truth label, ora time stamp of the ground truth label.The location server of claim 9, wherein the location server is caused to determine the at least one set of second information by:selecting at least one time stamp of at least one ground truth label in the at least one set of second information based on a configuration for a reference signal for channel measurement.The location server of claim 8, wherein the training data sample comprises a set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information; andwherein the location server is caused to determine the first set of second information by:receiving, from the first device, a request for the first set of second information, wherein the request comprises a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information; anddetermining the first set of second information based on the second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information;wherein the location server is caused to transmit the first set of second information by:transmitting a response to the request to the first device, wherein the response comprises the first set of second information.The location server of claim 11, wherein the set of first information comprises at least one of the following:a channel measurement,a quality indicator of the channel measurement, ora time stamp of the channel measurement.The location server of claim 8, wherein the training data sample comprises a set of first information and a first set of second information among the at least one set of second information; andwherein the location server is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, a request for transmission of a reference signal for channel measurement at first time associated with a first time stamp of a first ground truth label in the first set of second information.The location server of claim 8, wherein the location server is further caused to:receive the set of first information from the first device; andbased on determining that there is not a second set of second information comprising a third time stamp of a ground truth label which is associated with a second time stamp of a channel measurement in the set of first information, determine an un-labeled training data sample comprising the set of first information.A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to a location server, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing of a channel measurement and reporting of the channel measurement to the location server;receive a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the location server;perform the channel measurement based on the first parameter; andreport, based on the first parameter, the channel measurement to the location server for training data collection of positioning a terminal device based on an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model.The first device of claim 15, wherein the first parameter indicates one of the following:the number of reported paths,a timing reporting granularity factor,a first number of samples of an estimated channel response in time domain, ora rule for selecting the first number of samples.The first device of claim 16, wherein the rule for selecting the first number of samples indicates one of the following:selecting the first number of samples based on strongest powers of the first number of samples, orselecting the first number of samples based on a sampling period for the first number of samples.A location server, comprising:a processor configured to cause the location server to:receive, from a first device, at least one parameter supported by the first device, wherein the at least one parameter is related to performing of a channel measurement and reporting of the channel measurement to the location server;determine a first parameter from the at least one parameter; andtransmit the first parameter to a first device.The location server of claim 18, wherein the first parameter indicates one of the following:the number of reported paths,a timing reporting granularity factor,a first number of samples of an estimated channel response in time domain, ora rule for selecting the first number of samples.The location server of claim 19, wherein the rule for selecting the first number of samples indicates one of the following:selecting the first number of samples based on strongest powers of the first number of samples, orselecting the first number of samples based on a sampling period for the first number of samples.
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