Antenna, communication device and communication system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and provides an antenna, a communication device and a communication system, for use in solving the problem of extensive signal coverage blind spots of antennas. The antenna provided in the present application comprises a first polarized radiator, a second polarized radiator, and a feed network; the first polarized radiator comprises a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, and the second polarized radiator comprises a third radiating arm and a fourth radiating arm; the feed network comprises a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line; the first feed line is in feed connection with the first polarized radiator, and the second feed line is in feed connection with the second polarized radiator; and the third feed line is in feed connection with the first radiating arm and the third radiating arm. The antenna provided in the present application can transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside by means of the first polarized radiator and the second polarized radiator, so as to ensure the signal transmission and reception performance of the antenna. Additionally, reuse of the first polarized radiator and the second polarized radiator can also achieve effective signal coverage in the lateral direction, thereby reducing the signal coverage blind spots of the antenna.

Description

An antenna, a communication device, and a communication system

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410783223.3, filed on June 17, 2024, entitled "An antenna, communication device and communication system", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, communication equipment, and communication system. Background Technology

[0004] In current communication devices, wireless signal transmission and reception are typically achieved through antennas. An antenna generally consists of a vibrating element and a feed network. The vibrating element transmits or receives electromagnetic waves. The feed network, connected to the vibrating element, performs frequency selection, amplification, and other processing on the received electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, the feed network sends a feed signal to the vibrating element, causing it to transmit electromagnetic waves, thus enabling wireless signal transmission and reception. In typical directional antennas, the coverage area of ​​the electromagnetic waves emitted by the vibrating element is relatively small, with significant coverage blind spots outside the main lobe, which is detrimental to the performance of communication equipment. Therefore, improving the signal coverage of antennas has become a pressing technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna, communication equipment, and communication system with a large signal coverage range.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, including a first polarized element, a second polarized element, and a feeding network. The first and second polarized elements are orthogonally arranged. The first polarized element includes a first arm and a second arm, and the second polarized element includes a third arm and a fourth arm. The feeding network includes a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line. The first feed line is electrically connected to the first and second arms, and the second feed line is electrically connected to the third and fourth arms. The third feed line is electrically connected to the first and third arms. Alternatively, the third feed line is electrically connected to the first and fourth arms. Alternatively, the third feed line is electrically connected to the second and third arms. Alternatively, the third feed line is electrically connected to the second and fourth arms. That is, one radiating arm of the first polarized element and one radiating arm of the second polarized element can constitute the third polarized element.

[0007] In summary, the antenna is a dual-polarized antenna. It can transmit electromagnetic waves of two different polarizations through a first polarized element and a second polarized element to ensure signal transmission and reception performance. Furthermore, in the antenna provided in this application, multiplexing the first and second polarized elements can achieve effective signal coverage in the X and Y axes, compensating for signal coverage blind spots. For example, when the third feed line is connected to the first and third arms, the first and third arms can transmit electromagnetic waves. Additionally, when feeding the first and third arms, coupling currents are generated in the second and fourth arms, causing the antenna pattern to deflect laterally (perpendicular to the Z-axis), thus forming lateral radiation. This achieves effective signal coverage in the X and Y axes, reducing signal coverage blind spots.

[0008] In the specific configuration, the first, second, third, and fourth arms can all be located in the same plane, ensuring that the maximum radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first and second polarized elements of the antenna is perpendicular to this plane, resulting in better radiation gain. The first arm is adjacent to the third and fourth arms, and the second arm is adjacent to the third and fourth arms. Therefore, when the third feed line powers the third polarized element, it can effectively improve the lateral radiation range of the antenna.

[0009] In one example, the first feeder line includes a first feeder wire and a first ground wire, the first ground wire being connected to the feeder of a first vibrating arm, and the first feeder wire being connected to the feeder of a second vibrating arm. The second feeder line includes a second feeder wire and a second ground wire, the second ground wire being connected to the feeder of a third vibrating arm, and the second feeder wire being connected to the feeder of a fourth vibrating arm.

[0010] In one example, when the third feed line is coupled to both the first and third vibrating arms, the third feed line may include a first ground wire and a second ground wire. That is, the third feed line can effectively reuse the first and second feed lines, enabling effective simplification and rational utilization of the feeder structure.

[0011] In one example, the third feed line further includes a first coupling piece, one end of which is located on one side of the second ground wire, facilitating simultaneous connection of the external feed line with both the second ground wire and the first coupling piece. The other end of the first coupling piece is coupled to the first ground wire. The first coupling piece effectively improves the connection between the third feed line and the RF processing chip or other feed lines.

[0012] In one example, when the third feed line is coupled to both the second and third vibrating arms, the third feed line may include a second ground wire and a second coupling plate. One end of the second coupling plate is located on one side of the second ground wire, so that an external feed line can be connected to both the second ground wire and the second coupling plate simultaneously. The other end of the second coupling plate is coupled to the second vibrating arm.

[0013] In a specific configuration, the antenna also includes a first dielectric substrate, and the first, second, third, and fourth vibrating arms are all located on the same surface of the first dielectric substrate. That is, the vibrating elements in the antenna can be in the form of a printed circuit board, offering good manufacturing convenience and reliability.

[0014] In one example, the antenna further includes a second dielectric substrate located on one side of the first dielectric substrate, and the first and second dielectric substrates are perpendicular to each other. A portion of the feed line is located on the second dielectric substrate, and another portion is located on the first dielectric substrate. The second dielectric substrate provides an effective mounting position for the feed line and ensures the structural stability between the feed line and the vibrator.

[0015] In one example, the antenna further includes a reflector disposed opposite to the first dielectric substrate, and a second dielectric substrate connected between the first dielectric substrate and the reflector. The reflector optimizes the antenna's radiation gain, thereby ensuring antenna performance.

[0016] In one example, the first, second, third, and fourth arms can all be stepped. This stepped structure helps improve the isolation between different polarizations, thus ensuring antenna performance.

[0017] In one example, the antenna may include multiple main elements, each of which includes a first polarization element and a second polarization element. Using multiple main elements can effectively improve the antenna gain and also help to increase the antenna's radiation range.

[0018] Secondly, this application also provides a communication device, including a radio frequency (RF) processing unit and the antenna described in the first aspect above, wherein the RF processing unit is connected to a feed network. The RF processing unit can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the vibrator in the antenna. Alternatively, the RF processing unit can be used to transmit RF signals to the antenna, thereby realizing the antenna's signal transmission and reception functions. By applying the aforementioned antenna, the integration level of the communication device can be effectively improved, and the number of components can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, it also helps to ensure the signal transmission and reception performance of the communication device.

[0019] In one example, the communication device may further include a baseband processing unit connected to a radio frequency (RF) processing unit. The RF processing unit may be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna, and convert it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal for transmission to the baseband processing unit. Alternatively, the RF processing unit may be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit, convert it into a wireless signal through the antenna, and transmit it.

[0020] Thirdly, this application also provides a communication system, including at least one communication device as described in the second aspect above. The communication device can be a network device or a terminal device. In the communication system provided by this application, by equipping it with the aforementioned communication device, the signal transmission and reception performance of the communication system can be effectively improved, and its adaptability and flexibility can be enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of a CPE provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional antenna vibrator structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 is a radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 shows another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 8 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 9 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 10 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 11 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 12 is an S-parameter diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 13 is a current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 14 is another current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 15 is another current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 16 is another current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 17 is another S-parameter diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 18 is another current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 19 is another current distribution diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 20 is another S-parameter diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 21 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 22 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 23 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 29 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 30 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 31 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 32 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 36 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 37 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 38 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 39 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 40 is another radiation pattern of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 41 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 42 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 43 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 45 shows the radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 46 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 47 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 48 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 49 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 50 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 51 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 52 shows another radiation pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 53 is an S-parameter diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 54 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 55 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 56 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 57 is a side view of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of another side structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of another side structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 61 is a side view of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of another side structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 63 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 64 is a structural block diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0086] The antenna provided in this application can be used in communication equipment such as consumer premise equipment (CPE), base stations, routers, and radar to achieve wireless communication functions. That is, the antenna provided in this application can be used in terminal equipment or network equipment, such as base stations and access points; this application does not limit its application to either.

[0087] As shown in Figure 1, this application scenario can include a base station and a CPE. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the CPE. As shown in Figure 2, taking the antenna application provided in this application in a CPE as an example, the CPE can include an antenna 01, a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 02, and a baseband processing unit 03. The RF processing unit 02 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 01, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 03. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 02 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 03, converting it into a wireless signal through the antenna 01 and transmitting it. The baseband processing unit 03 can be connected to the feed network 013 of the antenna 01 through the RF processing unit 02. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 02 can also be called a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 03 can also be called a baseband unit (BBU).

[0088] In one possible embodiment, the radio frequency processing unit 02 can be integrated with the antenna 01, while the baseband processing unit 03 is located at the far end of the antenna 01. The radio frequency processing unit 02 and the baseband processing unit 03 can be connected via a feed line. In another embodiment, the radio frequency processing unit 02 and the baseband processing unit 03 can both be located at the far end of the antenna 01.

[0089] As shown in Figure 2, the antenna 01 may include multiple vibrators 011, a reflector 012, and a feed network 013. The reflector 012 may also be referred to as a base plate. The main function of the feed network 013 is to feed signals to the vibrators 011 with a certain amplitude and phase, or to transmit the wireless signals received by the vibrators 011 to the baseband processing unit 03 with a certain amplitude and phase. It is understood that, in specific implementations, the feed network 013 may include at least one of the following devices: a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, or a filter. This application does not limit the components, type, or functions that the feed network 013 can achieve.

[0090] Additionally, Figure 3 illustrates a dual-polarized antenna. Specifically, the antenna 011 includes arms 0111, 0112, 0113, and 0114. Arms 0111 and 0112 together form one polarized antenna, while arms 0113 and 0114 together form the other polarized antenna. Arms 0111, 0112, 0113, and 0114 are all located approximately in the same plane, which is parallel to both the X and Y axes, ensuring that the maximum radiation of the antenna 011 coincides with the Z-axis (not shown in Figure 3). The Z-axis is perpendicular to both the X and Y axes. This means the beam direction of the antenna 011 is aligned with the Z-axis, while the lateral directions (such as the X and Y axes) constitute a signal coverage blind zone. Therefore, when the base station is located within a signal coverage blind zone, reliable communication between the base station and communication equipment (such as a CPE) is impossible.

[0091] Therefore, this application provides an antenna that can achieve effective signal coverage in the lateral direction.

[0092] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0093] As shown in Figure 4, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes a vibrator and a feed network (not shown in the figure). The vibrator includes a first polarized vibrator 11 and a second polarized vibrator 12. The first polarized vibrator 11 and the second polarized vibrator 12 are orthogonally arranged. The first polarized vibrator 11 includes a first arm 111 and a second arm 112, and the second polarized vibrator 12 includes a third arm 121 and a fourth arm 122. That is, the first arm 111 and the second arm 112 constitute the first polarized vibrator 11, and the third arm 121 and the fourth arm 122 constitute the second polarized vibrator 12.

[0094] As shown in Figure 5, the power supply network 13 includes a first power supply line 131 and a second power supply line 132. The first power supply line 131 is connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 to enable the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside. The second power supply line 132 is connected to the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 to enable the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside.

[0095] In summary, antenna 10 is a dual-polarized antenna. Antenna 10 can transmit electromagnetic waves of two different polarizations to the outside world through a first polarized element 11 and a second polarized element 12 to ensure the signal transmission and reception performance of antenna 10. In practical applications, depending on the spatial orientation of antenna 10, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first polarized element 11 can be horizontally polarized or vertically polarized. Correspondingly, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second polarized element 12 can be vertically polarized or horizontally polarized. The radio frequency processing unit (not shown in Figure 5) can be connected to the first polarized element 11 through the first feed line 131 to send a feed signal to the first polarized element 11, causing the first polarized element 11 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside world. Similarly, the radio frequency processing unit can be connected to the second polarized element 12 through the second feed line 132 to send a feed signal to the second polarized element 12, causing the second polarized element 12 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside world. That is, the antenna 10 has a better radiation gain in the Z-axis direction by means of the first polarization element 11 and the second polarization element 12.

[0096] In addition, in the example provided in this application, by multiplexing the first polarization oscillator 11 and the second polarization oscillator 12, effective signal coverage can be achieved in the X and Y axis directions, thereby reducing the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0097] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the feeding network 13 also includes a third feeding line 133. In the example provided in Figure 5, the third feeding line 133 is connected to the first arm 111 and the third arm 121 for power supply, enabling the first arm 111 and the third arm 121 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside. When feeding the first arm 111 and the third arm 121, coupling current is also generated in the second arm 112 and the fourth arm 122, causing the radiation pattern of the antenna 10 to deflect laterally (perpendicular to the Z-axis direction), thereby forming lateral radiation. That is, the radiation direction of the antenna 10 is deflected from the Z-axis to the plane containing the X and Y axes, thereby achieving effective signal coverage in the X and Y axis directions and reducing the signal coverage dead zone of the antenna 10.

[0098] It should be noted that, for the sake of understanding the technical solution of this application, in the following example, the oscillator composed of the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 is referred to as the third polarized oscillator.

[0099] As shown in Figures 6 to 11, embodiments of this application also provide radiation patterns for antenna 10 in two different modes. In the first mode, antenna 10 operates at a frequency around 3.1 GHz, and in the second mode, antenna 10 operates at a frequency around 4.63 GHz. Alternatively, it can be understood that antenna 10 has two resonant frequencies; the first mode refers to the lower resonant frequency of antenna 10, and the second mode refers to the higher resonant frequency of antenna 10.

[0100] It should be noted that the dimensions, shapes, and other parameters of the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 have a significant impact on the resonant frequency of the entire antenna 10. Therefore, in practical applications, the shapes and dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can be reasonably set according to actual needs.

[0101] In addition, in practical applications, antenna 10 may have one resonant frequency, or antenna 10 may have three or more resonant frequencies.

[0102] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the following example will be illustrated by taking an antenna 10 with two resonant frequencies.

[0103] As shown in Figure 6, when the antenna 10 operates near 3.1 GHz, the radiation direction of the first polarized element 11 is consistent with the Z-axis (not shown in Figure 6). The Z-axis is perpendicular to both the X-axis and the Y-axis.

[0104] As shown in Figure 7, when the antenna 10 operates at around 3.1 GHz, the radiation direction of the second polarized oscillator 12 is consistent with the Z-axis (not shown in Figure 7).

[0105] As shown in Figure 8, when the antenna 10 operates near 4.63 GHz, the radiation direction of the first polarized element 11 is consistent with the Z-axis (not shown in Figure 8). The Z-axis is perpendicular to both the X-axis and the Y-axis.

[0106] As shown in Figure 9, when the antenna 10 operates at around 4.63 GHz, the radiation direction of the second polarized oscillator 12 is consistent with the Z-axis (not shown in Figure 9).

[0107] Furthermore, it can be clearly seen from Figures 6 to 9 that, in both modes, the radiation direction of antenna 10 is consistent with the Z-axis, and there is no significant gain in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, resulting in coverage blind spots for antenna 10 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

[0108] When the third feed line 133 is connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 for power supply, effective signal coverage can be achieved in the X and Y axis directions to reduce the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0109] For example, as shown in Figure 10, when the antenna 10 operates at around 3.55 GHz, the third polarized oscillator has significant radiation gain in both the X and Y axes. Therefore, the antenna 10 can achieve lateral radiation, which can effectively reduce the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0110] As shown in Figure 11, when the antenna 10 operates at around 4.7 GHz, the third polarized oscillator has significant radiation gain in both the X and Y axes. Therefore, the antenna 10 can achieve lateral radiation, which can effectively reduce the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0111] Additionally, as shown in Figure 12, the S-parameters of the antenna 10 are provided in the example provided in this application when the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12 are in place. In Figure 12, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S11 represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized element 11 as a function of frequency. S22 represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized element 12 as a function of frequency. S12 represents the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12.

[0112] As shown in Figure 12, antenna 10 has two resonant frequencies, 3.1 GHz and 4.63 GHz, covering the frequency band from 3.3 GHz to 5 GHz. That is, antenna 10 can completely cover the N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands. Furthermore, because the first polarization element 11 and the second polarization element 12 are orthogonal, antenna 10 can achieve an isolation of over 20 dB, resulting in good signal transmission and reception performance.

[0113] It should be noted that the two resonant frequencies of 3.1 GHz and 4.63 GHz mentioned above are approximate resonant frequencies, and there may be some deviation in actual applications.

[0114] In addition, the current distribution diagram of antenna 10 is shown in Figures 13 to 16.

[0115] Figures 13 and 14 show the current distribution of the antenna 10 when the first polarized oscillator 11 is in the power-on position.

[0116] Figure 13 shows the current distribution in the dipole half-wavelength mode of the active oscillator, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 3.1 GHz. Figure 14 shows the current distribution in the coupled dipole half-wavelength mode of the passive oscillator, where the first polarized oscillator 11 is coupled to the second polarized oscillator 12, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 4.63 GHz. Solid arrows are used in both Figures 13 and 14 to clearly indicate the approximate direction of current flow.

[0117] Figures 15 and 16 show the current distribution of the antenna 10 when the second polarized oscillator 12 is in place.

[0118] Figure 15 shows the current distribution in the dipole half-wavelength mode of the active oscillator, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 3.1 GHz. Figure 16 shows the current distribution in the coupled dipole half-wavelength mode of the passive oscillator, where the second polarized oscillator 12 is coupled to the first polarized oscillator 11, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 4.63 GHz. Solid arrows are used in both Figures 15 and 16 to clearly indicate the approximate direction of current flow.

[0119] As can be clearly seen from Figures 13 to 16, in terms of current distribution, when the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12 are in the power-on position, the current flow direction (or current mode) is orthogonal, which makes the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12 have good isolation, thus ensuring the signal transmission and reception performance of the antenna 10.

[0120] Additionally, as shown in Figure 17, the example provided in this application also provides the S-parameters of the antenna 10 when the third polarized vibrator (first arm 111 and third arm 121) is in place, i.e., the S-parameters of the antenna 10 when the radio frequency processing unit feeds the first arm 111 and the third arm 121 through the third feed line 133. In Figure 17, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S33 represents the curve of the return loss of the third polarized vibrator as a function of frequency.

[0121] As shown in Figure 17, antenna 10 has two resonants at 3.55 GHz and 4.7 GHz, covering the frequency band from 3.3 GHz to 5 GHz. That is, antenna 10 can completely cover the N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands.

[0122] In addition, Figures 18 and 19 show the current distribution of antenna 10 when the third polarization oscillator is in place, indicated by solid arrows in both Figures 18 and 19.

[0123] Figure 18 shows the current distribution in the dipole half-wavelength mode, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 3.55 GHz. Figure 19 shows the current distribution in the dipole three-half-wavelength mode, where the resonant frequency of antenna 10 is around 4.7 GHz. In this mode, the reverse current coupled from the first arm 111 and the third arm 121 to the second arm 112 and the fourth arm 122 causes the antenna 10's radiation pattern to deflect laterally (along the X and Y axes), forming lateral radiation. Combining Figures 13 to 16, it is clear that the current distributions in Figures 18 and 19, as well as Figures 13 to 16, are orthogonal. This provides good isolation between the three ports of antenna 10, ensuring its signal transmission and reception performance.

[0124] Additionally, as shown in Figure 20, the S-parameters of the antenna 10 are provided in the example provided in this application when the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the third polarized element are in place. In Figure 20, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S11 represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized element 11 as a function of frequency. S22 represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized element 12 as a function of frequency. S33 represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized element as a function of frequency. S12 represents the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12. S13 represents the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the third polarized element. S23 represents the isolation between the second polarized element 12 and the third polarized element.

[0125] As shown in Figure 20, antenna 10 has two resonants, approximately 3.1 GHz and 4.63 GHz, covering the 3.3 GHz to 5 GHz frequency band. This means antenna 10 can completely cover the N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands. Furthermore, the isolation between the first polarization element 11 and the second polarization element 12 is above 22 dB, the isolation between the first polarization element 11 and the third polarization element is above 15 dB, and the isolation between the second polarization element 12 and the third polarization element is above 18 dB. In other words, the first polarization element 11, the second polarization element 12, and the third polarization element have good isolation, ensuring the signal transmission and reception performance of antenna 10.

[0126] Additionally, Figure 21 shows a simulation diagram of the efficiency of antenna 10. In Figure 21, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents efficiency in dB. In Figure 21, E1a represents the efficiency of the first polarized element 11, E2a represents the efficiency of the second polarized element 12, and E3a represents the efficiency of the third polarized element.

[0127] In summary, as can be seen from Figure 21, the overall efficiency of antenna 10 can meet the requirements of practical applications.

[0128] In specific configurations, the structural types of the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can be varied.

[0129] For example, the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can be sheet metal parts or metal layers located on a dielectric substrate. The first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can be reasonably selected according to currently commonly used types, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0130] In addition, to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the following example will be exemplified by the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 being metal layers on a dielectric substrate.

[0131] For example, as shown in Figures 22 and 23, in one example provided in this application, the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 are all copper layers on a dielectric substrate. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 14, and the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 are all copper layers on the first dielectric substrate 14 and are located on the same surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 (the lower surface in Figure 23). Furthermore, the shapes of the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 can all be approximately rectangular. Also, the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 can all be approximately stepped. For example, as shown in Figure 24, the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 extend outward from the center in a stepped manner.

[0132] In summary, the first vibrating arm 111 is adjacent to the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122, and the second vibrating arm 112 is adjacent to the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122. The first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 are all located in approximately the same plane.

[0133] Furthermore, the stepped structure effectively improves the isolation of antenna 10. For example, as shown in Figures 18 and 19, when feeding the first arm 111 and the third arm 121, the currents in the first arm 111 and the third arm 121 form V-shapes and inverted V-shapes with the currents in the second arm 112 and the fourth arm 122, respectively. Referring to Figures 13 to 16, it is clear that the current distributions in Figures 18 and 19 are orthogonal to the current distributions in Figures 13 to 16. This results in good isolation for antenna 10, ensuring its signal transmission and reception performance.

[0134] In summary, by setting the first arm 111, the second arm 112, the third arm 121, and the fourth arm 122 into a stepped shape, the isolation of the antenna 10 can be effectively improved, and the signal transmission and reception performance of the antenna 10 can be guaranteed.

[0135] Understandably, in the examples provided in Figures 22 to 24, each vibrating arm is substantially the same in shape and size. In other examples, the size of the vibrating arms may also be different.

[0136] For example, as shown in Figure 25, in another example provided in this application, the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 are relatively large, while the lengths of the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 remain unchanged. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 26, the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 are relatively small, while the lengths of the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 remain unchanged. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 27, the lengths of the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 are relatively large, while the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 remain unchanged. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 28, the lengths of the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 are relatively small, while the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 remain unchanged.

[0137] In addition, as shown in Figures 29 to 32, the S-parameters of antenna 10 under different sizes are shown.

[0138] In Figures 29 to 32, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB.

[0139] In Figures 29 and 30, S11 represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 24 as a function of frequency. In Figures 31 and 32, S22 represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized oscillator shown in Figure 24 as a function of frequency.

[0140] In Figure 29, S11a represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 25 as a function of frequency. S11b represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 26 as a function of frequency.

[0141] In Figure 30, S11c represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 27 as a function of frequency. S11d represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 28 as a function of frequency.

[0142] In Figure 31, S22a represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized oscillator shown in Figure 25 as a function of frequency. S22b represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 26 as a function of frequency.

[0143] In Figure 32, S22c represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized oscillator shown in Figure 27 as a function of frequency. S22d represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator shown in Figure 28 as a function of frequency.

[0144] As can be seen from Figure 29, when the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 are changed, the first resonance of the first polarized oscillator 11 will produce a frequency deviation.

[0145] As can be seen from Figure 30, when the lengths of the third arm 121 and the fourth arm 122 are changed, the second resonance of the first polarized oscillator 11 will produce a frequency deviation.

[0146] As can be seen from Figure 31, when the lengths of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112 are changed, the second resonance of the second polarized oscillator 12 will produce a frequency deviation.

[0147] As can be seen from Figure 32, when the lengths of the third arm 121 and the fourth arm 122 are changed, the first resonance of the second polarized oscillator 12 will produce a frequency deviation.

[0148] The parameter analysis results are consistent with the current pattern.

[0149] Alternatively, it can be understood that by changing the dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112, the operating frequency bands of the first polarized vibrator 11 and the second polarized vibrating arm 12 can be reasonably adjusted. By changing the dimensions of the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122, the operating frequency bands of the second polarized vibrating arm 12 and the first polarized vibrating arm 11 can be reasonably adjusted so that the antenna 10 meets the application requirements.

[0150] Alternatively, the operating frequency band of the third polarized oscillator can be changed by adjusting the dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121.

[0151] For example, as shown in FIG33, in another example provided in this application, the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 both have an extension in length dimension in opposite directions.

[0152] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 34, in another example provided in this application, the first vibrating arm 111 has an extended length dimension in the direction away from the fourth vibrating arm 122. The third vibrating arm 121 has an extended length dimension in the direction away from the second vibrating arm 112.

[0153] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 35, in another example provided in this application, the first vibrating arm 111 is extended in length both in the direction toward the third vibrating arm 121 and away from the fourth vibrating arm 122. The third vibrating arm 121 is extended in length both in the direction toward the first vibrating arm 111 and away from the second vibrating arm 112.

[0154] In addition, Figures 36 to 38 show the S-parameters of antenna 10 under different sizes.

[0155] In Figures 36 to 38, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB.

[0156] In Figures 36 to 38, S33 represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized oscillator as a function of frequency.

[0157] In Figure 36, S33a represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized oscillator shown in Figure 33 as a function of frequency.

[0158] In Figure 37, S33b represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized oscillator shown in Figure 34 as a function of frequency.

[0159] In Figure 38, S33c represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized oscillator shown in Figure 35 as a function of frequency.

[0160] As can be seen from Figures 36, 37 and 38, when the dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 are changed, the two resonances of the third polarized oscillator will produce frequency deviation.

[0161] For example, referring to S33 and S33a in Figure 36, after the length of the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 is extended in opposite directions, the current point in the first and second modes is widened, i.e., capacitive loading is achieved. Both the first and second modes are shifted to lower frequencies.

[0162] Referring to S33 and S33b in Figure 37, after the first vibrating arm 111 is extended in length in the direction away from the fourth vibrating arm 122, and the third vibrating arm 121 is extended in length in the direction away from the second vibrating arm 112, the current point of the first mode and the current point of the second mode are widened, the capacitor loading frequency of the first mode is low biased, and the inductor unloading frequency of the second mode is high biased.

[0163] Referring to S33 and S33c in Figure 38, after the first vibrating arm 111 is extended in length in the direction away from the third vibrating arm 121 and the fourth vibrating arm 122, and the third vibrating arm 121 is extended in length in the direction away from the first vibrating arm 111 and the second vibrating arm 112, the current-high point in mode one and the current-low point in mode two are widened. The inductor de-load frequency is high-biased in mode one, and the capacitor loading frequency is low-biased in mode two. The parameter analysis phenomena are consistent with the current distribution.

[0164] Alternatively, it can be understood that by changing the dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121, the operating frequency band of the antenna 10 can be reasonably adjusted so that the antenna 10 meets the application requirements.

[0165] In practical applications, the dimensions of the first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs so that the antenna 10 meets the actual application requirements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0166] Furthermore, in the above example, the exemplary description is based on the connection of the third feed line 133 to the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121. That is, the third polarized oscillator includes the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121. In other examples, the third feed line 133 may also be connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the fourth vibrating arm 122. That is, the first vibrating arm 111 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can constitute a new oscillator. Alternatively, the third feed line 133 may be connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121. That is, the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121 can constitute a new oscillator. Alternatively, the third feed line 133 may be connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the fourth vibrating arm 122. That is, the second vibrating arm 112 and the fourth vibrating arm 122 can constitute a new oscillator.

[0167] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following explanation will take the third feed line 133 being connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121 as an example, and the vibrator formed by the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121 being called the fourth polarized vibrator.

[0168] In addition, embodiments of this application also provide antenna diagrams and S-parameters when the fourth polarized oscillator includes the second arm 112 and the third arm 121.

[0169] As shown in Figure 39, when the antenna 10 operates at around 3.5 GHz, the fourth polarized oscillator has significant radiation gain in both the X and Y axes. Therefore, the antenna 10 can achieve lateral radiation, which can effectively reduce the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0170] As shown in Figure 40, when the antenna 10 operates at around 4.5 GHz, the fourth polarized oscillator has significant radiation gain in both the X and Y axes. Therefore, the antenna 10 can achieve lateral radiation, which can effectively reduce the signal coverage blind zone of the antenna 10.

[0171] Additionally, as shown in Figure 41, the S-parameters of the antenna 10 are provided in the example provided in this application when the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the fourth polarized element are in place. In Figure 41, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S11 represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized element 11 as a function of frequency. S22 represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized element 12 as a function of frequency. S44 represents the curve of return loss of the fourth polarized element as a function of frequency. S12 represents the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12. S14 represents the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the fourth polarized element. S24 represents the isolation between the second polarized element 12 and the fourth polarized element.

[0172] As shown in Figure 41, antenna 10 has two resonants, one near 3.3 GHz and the other near 4.63 GHz, covering the 3.3 GHz to 5 GHz frequency band. This means antenna 10 can completely cover the N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands. Furthermore, the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the second polarized element 12 is above 22 dB, the isolation between the first polarized element 11 and the fourth polarized element is above 15 dB, and the isolation between the second polarized element 12 and the fourth polarized element is above 17 dB. In other words, the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the fourth polarized element have good isolation, ensuring the signal transmission and reception performance of antenna 10.

[0173] Additionally, Figure 42 shows a simulation diagram of the efficiency of antenna 10. In Figure 42, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents efficiency in dB. In Figure 42, E1b represents the efficiency of the first polarized element 11, E2b represents the efficiency of the second polarized element 12, and E4b represents the efficiency of the fourth polarized element.

[0174] Furthermore, referring to Figures 39 and 10, it can be seen that the radiation pattern shown in Figure 39 is equivalent to a 90° rotation of the radiation pattern shown in Figure 10. Referring to Figures 40 and 11, it can be seen that the radiation pattern shown in Figure 40 is equivalent to a 90° rotation of the radiation pattern shown in Figure 11.

[0175] When the third feed line 133 is connected to feed the first arm 111 and the third arm 121, the current distribution is shown in Figures 18 and 19. When the third feed line 133 is connected to feed the second arm 112 and the third arm 121, due to the structural symmetry of the antenna 10, the current distribution is equivalent to a 90° rotation from the current distribution shown in Figures 18 and 19. That is, the current distributions of the two feeding methods are not orthogonal. Therefore, good isolation cannot be achieved when these two feeding methods coexist.

[0176] As shown in Figure 43, the isolation is poor when the two feeding methods coexist (i.e., the third polarization element and the fourth polarization element coexist). Figure 43 shows the S-parameters of antenna 10 when the two feeding methods coexist. In Figure 43, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S33 represents the curve of return loss of the third polarization element as a function of frequency. S44 represents the curve of return loss of the fourth polarization element as a function of frequency. S34 represents the isolation between the third and fourth polarization elements. It is clear from Figure 43 that the isolation between the third and fourth polarization elements is only about 2.5 dB and 8 dB respectively, which is very poor.

[0177] Therefore, in practical applications, either the third polarization element or the fourth polarization element can be selected. Alternatively, the third polarization element and the fourth polarization element can be fed at different times to ensure the performance of the antenna 10.

[0178] It is understood that the above example uses an antenna 10 comprising a single vibrator, specifically a first vibrating arm 111, a second vibrating arm 112, a third vibrating arm 121, and a fourth vibrating arm 122. However, in other examples, the antenna 10 may also include two or more vibrators.

[0179] For example, as shown in Figure 44, in another example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes two elements, each of which includes a first arm 111, a second arm 112, a third arm 121, and a fourth arm 122.

[0180] By incorporating two elements in antenna 10, the gain and signal transmission / reception performance of antenna 10 can be improved.

[0181] For example, when antenna 10 operates near 3.5 GHz, the first polarization element 11 of both elements is in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 45.

[0182] When antenna 10 operates near 3.5 GHz, the second polarization elements 12 of both elements are in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 46.

[0183] When antenna 10 operates near 3.5 GHz, the third polarization elements of both elements are in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 47.

[0184] When antenna 10 operates near 4.5 GHz, the first polarization element 11 of both elements is in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 48.

[0185] When antenna 10 operates near 4.5 GHz, the second polarization elements 12 of both elements are in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 49.

[0186] When antenna 10 operates near 4.5 GHz, the third polarization elements of both elements are in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is shown in Figure 50.

[0187] Furthermore, when antenna 10 operates near 3.5 GHz, the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the third polarized element of the two elements are all in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 in the plane containing the X and Z axes is shown in Figure 51. When antenna 10 operates near 4.5 GHz, the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the third polarized element of the two elements are all in place. At this time, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 in the plane containing the X and Z axes is shown in Figure 52.

[0188] In summary, when both elements work together, the beam strength of antenna 10 is reduced in the planes containing the Y and Z axes, and increased in the planes containing the X and Z axes, thereby further reducing the coverage blind zone of antenna 10 in the lateral (X and Z axis directions).

[0189] Additionally, as shown in Figure 53, the S-parameters of the antenna 10 are also provided in the example provided in this application when the first polarized element 11, the second polarized element 12, and the third polarized element of the antenna shown in Figure 44 are in place.

[0190] In Figure 53, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. S11e represents the curve of return loss of the first polarized oscillator 11 as a function of frequency. S22e represents the curve of return loss of the second polarized oscillator 12 as a function of frequency. S33e represents the curve of return loss of the third polarized oscillator as a function of frequency. S12e represents the isolation between the first polarized oscillator 11 and the second polarized oscillator 12. S13e represents the isolation between the first polarized oscillator 11 and the third polarized oscillator. S23e represents the isolation between the second polarized oscillator 12 and the third polarized oscillator.

[0191] As shown in Figure 53, antenna 10 can cover the 3.3GHz to 5GHz frequency band. That is, antenna 10 can completely cover the N77, N78, and N79 frequency bands. Furthermore, the isolation between the first polarization element 11 and the second polarization element 12 is above 20dB, the isolation between the first polarization element 11 and the third polarization element is above 15dB, and the isolation between the second polarization element 12 and the third polarization element is above 15dB. In other words, the first polarization element 11, the second polarization element 12, and the third polarization element have good isolation, ensuring the signal transmission and reception performance of antenna 10.

[0192] Additionally, Figure 54 shows a simulation diagram of the efficiency of antenna 10. In Figure 54, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents efficiency in dB. In Figure 54, E1c represents the efficiency of the first polarized element 11, E2c represents the efficiency of the second polarized element 12, and E3c represents the efficiency of the third polarized element.

[0193] It is understood that the above example, which uses two elements in antenna 10 as an example, is an illustrative example. In other examples, antenna 10 may include three or more elements. In specific settings, the number and arrangement of the elements in antenna 10 can be reasonably set according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0194] In practical applications, the structural types of the first feeder line 131, the second feeder line 132, and the third feeder line 133 can be varied.

[0195] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the specific structures of the first feeder line 131 and the second feeder line 132 will be described below.

[0196] Please refer to Figures 55 to 60. Figure 55 is a perspective view of antenna 10 from a top view. Figure 56 is a perspective view of antenna 10 from a bottom view. Figure 57 is a side view of antenna 10. Figure 58 is a side view of antenna 10 from another perspective. Figure 59 is a side view of antenna 10 from another perspective. Figure 60 is a plan view of antenna 10 from a top view. In one example provided in this application, the first feed line 131 includes a first feed wire 1311 and a first ground wire 1312. The first ground wire 1312 is fed to the first vibrating arm 111, and the first feed wire 1311 is fed to the second vibrating arm 112. The second feed line 132 includes a second feed wire 1321 and a second ground wire 1322. The second ground wire 1322 is fed to the third vibrating arm 121, and the second feed wire 1321 is fed to the fourth vibrating arm 122.

[0197] The antenna 10 may further include a second dielectric substrate 15, which is located on one side of the first dielectric substrate 14. The first dielectric substrate 14 may be perpendicular to the second dielectric substrate 15 or at a certain angle to it. A portion of the feed line is located on the second dielectric substrate 15, and another portion is located on the first dielectric substrate 14. The first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 may be fixedly connected by means of bonding, snap-fitting, or welding. This application does not limit the connection method between the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15.

[0198] The first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 can both be dielectric substrates used for fabricating printed circuit boards, or they can be other types of structures. In practical applications, the type, shape, and other parameters of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0199] In the example provided in this application, the first feed line 1311 and the first ground line 1312 constitute a microstrip transmission line, and the second feed line 1321 and the second ground line 1322 also constitute a microstrip transmission line. The first feed line 1311 and the second feed line 1321 are both located on the same surface of the second dielectric substrate 15, while the first ground line 1312 and the second ground line 1322 are both located on another surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. This allows the feed signal to be effectively transmitted between the first feed line 1311 and the first ground line 1312, and between the second feed line 1321 and the second ground line 1322.

[0200] The first vibrating arm 111, the second vibrating arm 112, the third vibrating arm 121, and the fourth vibrating arm 122 are all located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14. One end of the first ground line 1312 extends to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 and is connected to the first vibrating arm 111. One end of the second ground line 1322 extends to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 and is connected to the third vibrating arm 121.

[0201] Additionally, as shown in Figures 55 and 60, one surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 (the upper surface in Figure 55) has a first connecting line 1313a, a first connecting line 1313b, and a second connecting line 1323. The other surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 (the lower surface in Figure 55) has a first connecting line 1313c (not shown in Figure 55). As shown in Figure 60, one end of the first connecting line 1313a has a metallized hole 13131a penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14, and the other end has a metallized hole 13132a penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14. One end of the first connecting line 1313b has a metallized hole 13131b penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14, and the other end has a metallized hole 13132b penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14. One end of the second connecting line 1323 has a metallized hole 13231 penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14, and the other end has a metallized hole 13232 penetrating the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14.

[0202] Specifically, the first feed line 1311 is connected to one end of the first connecting line 1313a through a metallized via 13131a; the other end of the first connecting line 1313a is connected to one end of the first connecting line 1313c through a metallized via 13132a; the other end of the first connecting line 1313c is connected to the first connecting line 1313b through a metallized via 13131b; and the other end of the first connecting line 1313b is connected to the second vibrating arm 112 through a metallized via 13132b. That is, the first feed line 1311, metallized via 13131a, first connecting line 1313a, metallized via 13132a, first connecting line 1313c, metallized via 13131b, first connecting line 1313b, and metallized via 13132b constitute the feed path connected to the second vibrating arm 112.

[0203] The second feed line 1321 is connected to one end of the second connecting line 1323 through a metallized hole 13231, and the other end of the second connecting line 1323 is connected to the fourth vibrating arm 122 through a metallized hole 13232. That is, the second feed line 1321, the metallized hole 13231, the second connecting line 1323, and the metallized hole 13232 constitute the feed path connected to the fourth vibrating arm 122.

[0204] In Figure 58, 1310 is the feed point of the first feed line 131, which is used to connect to the radio frequency processing unit.

[0205] Please refer to Figures 57, 58, and 60. When the first polarized oscillator 11 is fed, current flows from the first ground wire 1312 to the first vibrating arm 111. Current then flows from the first feed wire 1311, through the metallized via 13131a, the first connecting wire 1313a, the metallized via 13132a, the first connecting wire 1313c, the metallized via 13131b, the first connecting wire 1313b, and the metallized via 13132b to the second vibrating arm 112. This causes the first polarized oscillator 11 to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0206] In Figure 58, 1320 is the feed point of the second feed line 132, used for connection to the radio frequency processing unit. When feeding the second polarized oscillator 12, current flows from the second ground line 1322 to the third arm 121. Current flows from the second feed line 1321, the metallized via 13231, the second connecting line 1323, and the metallized via 13232 to the fourth arm 122. This causes the second polarized oscillator 12 to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0207] Specifically, the first connecting wires 1313a, 1313b, 1313c, and 1323 can be metal wires, etc. In practical applications, the first connecting wires 1313a, 1313b, 1313c, and 1323 can be selected from commonly used types, which will not be elaborated upon in this application.

[0208] For the third feeder line, in the example provided in this application, a portion of the first feeder line 131 and the second feeder line 132 are reused.

[0209] It should be noted that, in practical applications, the third feeder line can be connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121. Alternatively, the third feeder line can be connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the fourth vibrating arm 122. Alternatively, the third feeder line can be connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121. Alternatively, the third feeder line can be connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the fourth vibrating arm 122.

[0210] For ease of explanation, the following examples will illustrate the specific structure of the third feeder line by showing its connection to the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121, and its connection to the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121.

[0211] As shown in Figures 55 to 60, the third feeder line is connected to the first vibrating arm 111 and the third vibrating arm 121 for power supply.

[0212] Specifically, the third feed line includes a first ground wire 1312 and a second ground wire 1322. Additionally, the third feed line also includes a first coupling piece. The first coupling piece 1331 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 15 and is maintained at a certain distance from the surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 by a support member (not shown in the figure). Furthermore, one end of the first coupling piece 1331 (the right end in Figure 57) is located on one side of the second ground wire 1322, and the other end of the first coupling piece 1331 (the left end in Figure 57) is coupled to the first ground wire 1312.

[0213] In Figure 57, 1330 is the feed point of the third feed line, used to connect to the radio frequency processing unit. When feeding the third polarized oscillator, current flows from the second ground line 1322 to the third arm 121. The current is coupled from the first coupling plate 1331 to the first ground line 1312, and then flows from the first ground line 1312 to the first arm 111. This causes the third polarized oscillator to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0214] Alternatively, as shown in Figures 61 and 62, in another example provided in this application, the third feed line is connected to the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121 for power supply. The oscillator formed by the second vibrating arm 112 and the third vibrating arm 121 will be referred to as the fourth oscillator below.

[0215] Specifically, the third feed line includes a second ground wire 1322. Additionally, the third feed line also includes a second coupling piece 1332. The second coupling piece 1332 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 15 and is maintained at a certain distance from the surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 by a support member (not shown in the figure). Furthermore, one end of the second coupling piece 1332 is located on one side of the second ground wire 1322, and the other end of the second coupling piece 1332 extends to the lower side of the second vibrating arm 112 and is coupled to the second vibrating arm 112.

[0216] In Figure 61, 1330a is the feed point of the third feed line, used for connection to the radio frequency processing unit. When feeding the fourth polarized oscillator, current flows from the second ground line 1322 to the third arm 121. Current is coupled from the second coupling plate 1332 to the second arm 112, thereby enabling the fourth polarized oscillator to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0217] It is understood that the structure of the first feeder line 131 and the second feeder line 132 can be referred to the description in the above example, and will not be repeated here.

[0218] Furthermore, the above is merely an exemplary description of the first feeder line 131, the second feeder line 132, and the third feeder line. In other examples, the specific structure of each feeder line can be reasonably selected and adjusted according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0219] Additionally, as shown in Figure 63, in another example provided in this application, the antenna 10 further includes a reflector 16, which is disposed opposite to the first dielectric substrate 14, and a second dielectric substrate 15 is connected between the first dielectric substrate 14 and the reflector 16. The reflector 16 can be a metal plate or a printed circuit board, etc. It is understood that when an electromagnetic wave (incident electromagnetic wave) propagates to the surface of the reflector 16, the free electrons within the reflector 16 are excited by the electromagnetic wave and begin to vibrate and accelerate. The movement of these free electrons in the reflector 16 causes the generation of a current, which in turn generates a reflected wave with the same frequency but opposite direction to the incident electromagnetic wave, thereby achieving the reflection effect of the reflector 16 on the electromagnetic wave. In specific configurations, the specific structural type of the reflector 16 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs; this application does not impose any restrictions on this. Furthermore, the reflector 16 and the second dielectric substrate 15 can be fixedly connected by methods such as adhesive bonding or snap-fitting, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0220] It should be noted that in practical applications, the power supply network may also include devices such as phase shifters, combiners, drive or calibration networks, or filters. The type and number of devices included in the power supply network can be reasonably selected according to actual needs during specific setup, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0221] It should be noted that, in practical applications, the antenna 10 described above can be used in communication equipment such as customer premise equipment (CPE) base stations, routers, base stations, and radars to achieve wireless communication functions.

[0222] For example, as shown in Figure 64, one example provided in this application also includes a communication system, comprising a communication device and a terminal. The communication device specifically includes a CPE and a base station. The CPE is communicatively connected to the base station and also communicatively connected to the terminal. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, or other terminal with wireless communication capabilities. In specific applications, the type of terminal is not limited.

[0223] The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) to provide cell coverage for radio signals, enabling communication between terminal devices and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0224] In this application, antenna 10 can also be used in access network equipment, sometimes also called access nodes. Access network equipment has wireless transceiver capabilities for communicating with terminals. Access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, base stations, evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs) in the aforementioned communication systems, next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, next-generation base stations in future communication network systems, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in Open RAN (ORAN) systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in WiFi systems. Access network equipment can also be modules or units capable of implementing some of the functions of a base station. For example, access network equipment can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), as described below. In the ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU, DU can be called open (O)-DU, CU-CP can be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can be called O-CUP-UP, and RU can be called O-RU. Access network equipment can be macro base stations, micro base stations, or indoor stations, relay nodes, donor nodes, or wireless controllers in cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios. Optionally, access network equipment can also be servers, wearable devices, or vehicle-mounted equipment. For example, in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, the access network equipment can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in a communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. Base stations can communicate with terminals directly or via relay stations. Terminals can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies.

[0225] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0226] In this application, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0227] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes a first polarized oscillator, a second polarized oscillator, and a feeding network, wherein the first polarized oscillator and the second polarized oscillator are orthogonally arranged; The first polarized oscillator includes a first arm and a second arm, and the second polarized oscillator includes a third arm and a fourth arm; The power supply network includes a first power supply line, a second power supply line, and a third power supply line; The first feed line is connected to the first vibrating arm and the second vibrating arm, and the second feed line is connected to the third vibrating arm and the fourth vibrating arm. The third feed line is connected to one of the third or fourth vibrating arms and the first vibrating arm; or, the third feed line is connected to one of the third or fourth vibrating arms and the second vibrating arm.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first vibrating arm, the second vibrating arm, the third vibrating arm, and the fourth vibrating arm are all located in the same plane; The first vibrating arm is adjacent to the third vibrating arm and the fourth vibrating arm, respectively, and the second vibrating arm is adjacent to the third vibrating arm and the fourth vibrating arm, respectively.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first feeder line includes a first feeder wire and a first ground wire. The first ground wire is connected to the first vibrating arm feeder, and the first feeder wire is connected to the second vibrating arm feeder. The second power supply line includes a second power supply wire and a second ground wire. The second ground wire is connected to the power supply of the third vibrating arm, and the second power supply wire is connected to the power supply of the fourth vibrating arm.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the third feed line is connected to the first vibrating arm and the third vibrating arm for power supply, the third feed line includes the first ground wire and the second ground wire.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third feeder line also includes a first coupling piece, one end of which is located on one side of the second ground wire, and the other end of which is coupled to the first ground wire.

6. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the third feed line is connected to the second vibrating arm and the third vibrating arm for power supply, the third feed line includes the second ground wire and the second coupling plate. One end of the second coupling plate is located on one side of the second ground wire, and the other end of the second coupling plate is coupled to the second vibrating arm.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, and the first vibrating arm, the second vibrating arm, the third vibrating arm and the fourth vibrating arm are all located on the same surface of the first dielectric substrate.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a second dielectric substrate, which is located on one side of the first dielectric substrate; A portion of the first feed line, the second feed line, and the third feed line is located on the second dielectric substrate, and another portion is located on the first dielectric substrate.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a reflector, which is disposed opposite to the first dielectric substrate, and the second dielectric substrate is connected between the first dielectric substrate and the reflector. The reflector is used to reflect electromagnetic waves emitted by the first polarized oscillator and the second polarized oscillator.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first vibrating arm, the second vibrating arm, the third vibrating arm, and the fourth vibrating arm are all stepped.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The antenna includes multiple main elements, wherein each main element includes a first polarization element and a second polarization element.

12. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a radio frequency processing unit and an antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the radio frequency processing unit is connected to the feed network.

13. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes at least one communication device as described in claim 12.

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