Method and apparatus for utilizing sensing information in wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include performing a sensing operation in a cell, and thus identifying whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell. The method may include transmitting a report message regarding the occurrence of the emergency situation in the cell to a central broadcast entity. The method may include receiving an alert request message on the basis of the occurrence of the emergency situation. The method may include broadcasting an alert message through system information on the basis of the alert request message.

Description

Method and device for utilizing sensing information in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the operation of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method for operating a sensing system for a base station and a terminal, a method for utilizing sensing information obtained through the sensing system in a wireless communication system, and a device capable of performing the same.

[0002] 5G mobile communication technology defines a wide frequency band to enable fast transmission speeds and new services, and can be implemented not only in the sub-6GHz frequency band such as 3.5 gigahertz (3.5GHz), but also in the ultra-high frequency band called millimeter wave (mmWave) such as 28GHz and 39GHz ('Above 6GHz'). In addition, for 6G mobile communication technology, which is called the system after 5G communication (Beyond 5G), implementation in the terahertz band (for example, the 3 terahertz (3THz) band at 95GHz) is being considered to achieve a transmission speed that is 50 times faster than 5G mobile communication technology and an ultra-low latency time that is reduced to one-tenth.

[0003] In the early stages of 5G mobile communication technology, the goal is to support services and satisfy performance requirements for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). These include beamforming and massive MIMO to mitigate path loss of radio waves in ultra-high frequency bands and increase the transmission distance of radio waves, support for various numerologies (such as operation of multiple subcarrier intervals) and dynamic operation of slot formats for efficient use of ultra-high frequency resources, initial access technology to support multi-beam transmission and wideband, definition and operation of BWP (Bidth Part), new channel coding methods such as LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes for large-capacity data transmission and Polar Code for reliable transmission of control information, and L2 pre-processing (L2). Standardization has been made for network slicing, which provides dedicated networks specialized for specific services, and pre-processing.

[0004] Currently, discussions are underway to improve and enhance the initial 5G mobile communication technology, taking into account the services that 5G mobile communication technology was intended to support. In addition, physical layer standardization is underway for technologies such as V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), which helps autonomous vehicles make decisions based on their location and status information and increases user convenience; NR-U (New Radio Unlicensed), which aims to ensure system operation in compliance with various regulatory requirements in unlicensed bands; NR terminal low-power consumption technology (UE Power Saving); Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), which is direct terminal-to-satellite communication to secure coverage in areas where communication with terrestrial networks is impossible; and Positioning. Furthermore, research is underway on an integrated sensing and communication system using wireless communication and RF signals, as one of the advanced 5G and 6G mobile communication candidate technologies.

[0005] In addition, standardization of wireless interface architecture / protocols is in progress for technologies such as intelligent factories (Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT) to support new services through linkage and convergence with other industries, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) that provides nodes for expanding network service areas by integrating wireless backhaul links and access links, Mobility Enhancement technology including Conditional Handover and Dual Active Protocol Stack (DAPS) handover, and 2-step random access (2-step RACH for NR) that simplifies random access procedures. Standardization is also in progress for system architecture / services such as 5G baseline architecture (e.g., Service-based Architecture, Service-based Interface) for grafting Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) that provides services based on the location of the terminal.

[0006] Once these 5G mobile communication systems are commercialized, an explosive increase in connected devices will be connected to the communication network, necessitating enhanced functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems and integrated operation of these connected devices. To this end, new research will be conducted on improving 5G performance and reducing complexity, supporting AI services, supporting metaverse services, and drone communications by utilizing eXtended Reality (XR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to efficiently support Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR).

[0007] In addition, the development of these 5G mobile communication systems includes new waveforms to ensure coverage in the terahertz band of 6G mobile communication technology, multi-antenna transmission technologies such as Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), Array Antenna, and Large Scale Antenna, metamaterial-based lenses and antennas to improve the coverage of terahertz band signals, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technology using Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology, as well as full duplex technology to improve the frequency efficiency and system network of 6G mobile communication technology, satellite, AI (Artificial Intelligence) from the design stage and AI-based communication technology that realizes system optimization by internalizing end-to-end AI support functions, and ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources to provide services with complexity that exceeds the limits of terminal computing capabilities. It can serve as a basis for the development of next-generation distributed computing technologies that can be realized by utilizing them.

[0008] A method of operating a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of identifying whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell as a result of performing a sensing operation within the cell. The method may include a step of transmitting a report message regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell to a central broadcasting entity. The method may include a step of receiving an alert request message based on the occurrence of the emergency situation. The method may include a step of broadcasting the alert message through system information based on the alert request message.

[0009] A method of operating a central broadcasting entity according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include receiving a report message from a base station indicating the occurrence of an emergency situation within a cell. The method may include determining whether to issue an alert for the emergency situation based on the report message. The method may include transmitting an alert request message for the emergency situation based on the determination result. The method may include receiving a response message including whether the alert message transmission was successful based on the alert request message for the emergency situation.

[0010] A base station performing communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a transceiver and at least one processor connected to the transceiver. The at least one processor may identify whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell as a result of performing a sensing operation within the cell. The at least one processor may transmit a report message regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell to a central broadcasting entity. The at least one processor may receive an alert request message based on the occurrence of an emergency situation. The at least one processor may broadcast an alert message through system information based on the alert request message.

[0011] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of the time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource domain in which data or control channels are transmitted in a 5G system.

[0012] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a time domain mapping structure and beam sweeping operation of a synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of bandwidth portion settings in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control region (Control Resource Set, CORESET) in which a downlink control channel is transmitted in a 5G wireless communication system.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic unit of time and frequency resources that constitute a downlink control channel that can be used in 5G.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a base station and a terminal transmit and receive data by considering downlink data channels and rate matching resources.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of frequency-axis resource allocation of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of time axis resource allocation of PDSCH in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of time axis resource allocation according to subcarrier spacing of a data channel and a control channel in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing method and mode according to a sensing transmitter and receiver of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a public warning system based on a 5G network architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of how sensing system resources are operated in a TDD band of an ISAC system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0032] In describing the embodiments, descriptions of technical details that are well known in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains and are not directly related to the present disclosure will be omitted. This is to avoid obscuring the gist of the present disclosure by omitting unnecessary explanations and to convey the gist more clearly.

[0033] For the same reason, some components in the attached drawings are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically depicted. Furthermore, the dimensions of each component do not entirely reflect its actual size. In each drawing, identical or corresponding components are assigned the same or different reference numbers.

[0034] The advantages and features of the present disclosure, and methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided only to ensure that the disclosure of the present disclosure is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the present disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification. In addition, when describing the present disclosure, if a specific description of a related function or configuration is determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the terms described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions of the present disclosure, and these may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, their definitions should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0035] In the present disclosure, it will be appreciated that each block of the processing flowchart drawings and combinations of the flowchart drawings can be performed based on computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be selectively installed in at least one processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing equipment, so that the instructions executed by any one or any combination of at least one processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment create means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-available or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to implement the functions in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-available or computer-readable memory can also produce an article of manufacture that includes instruction means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). Since the computer program instructions may be installed on a computer or other programmable data processing device, a series of operational steps may be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing device to create a computer-executable process, and the instructions that cause the computer or other programmable data processing device to perform the steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s) may also provide steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s).

[0036] Additionally, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code that contains one or more executable instructions for performing a specific logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementation examples, the functions mentioned in the blocks may occur out of order. For example, two blocks (or functions) depicted in succession may actually be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the corresponding function.

[0037] The term '~ unit' used in the embodiments of the present disclosure means a software or hardware component such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the '~ unit' performs certain roles. However, terms including '~ unit' are not limited to software or hardware. The '~ unit' may be configured to be on an addressable storage medium and may be configured to play one or more processors. Thus, as an example, the '~ unit' includes components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided within the components and '~ units' may be combined into a smaller number of components and '~ units' or further separated into additional components and '~ units'. In addition, the components and '~parts' may be implemented to play one or more central processing units (CPUs) within the device or secure multimedia card. Also, in an embodiment, the '~parts' may include one or more processors.

[0038] As described above, it should be noted that the blocks and combinations of flowcharts described in the present disclosure may be implemented by one or more computer programs containing instructions. One or more computer programs may be stored entirely in a single memory device, or one or more computer programs may be divided and stored in different portions across multiple memory devices.

[0039] Additionally, any / any function or operation described in the present disclosure may be processed by a single processor or a combination of processors. The single processor or the combination of processors may include circuitry that performs processing, such as an application processor (AP, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a communication processor (CP, e.g., a modem), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) chip), a Wi-Fi chip, a Bluetooth® chip, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a near-field communication (NFC) chip, a connectivity chip, a sensor controller, a touch controller, a fingerprint sensor controller, a display driver integrated circuit (IC), an audio codec (CODEC) chip, a universal serial bus (USB) controller, a camera controller, an image processing IC, a microprocessor unit (MPU), a system on a chip (SoC), an IC, or similar circuitry.

[0040] It should also be noted that the various embodiments in the claims and description of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0041] Such software may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more computer programs (software modules), wherein the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed alone or collectively by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform a method according to the present disclosure.

[0042] The software may be stored in a temporary or non-transitory storage device, for example, in the form of a read-only memory (ROM) (whether erasable or rewritable), a random access memory (RAM), a memory chip, a device, or an integrated circuit (IC). Furthermore, the software may be stored in the form of an optically or magnetically readable medium, for example, a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a magnetic disk, or a magnetic tape. It should be understood that the storage device and the storage medium are examples of non-transitory machine-readable storage media suitable for storing a program for implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a program comprising code for implementing a device or method according to any one of the claims of the present specification, and a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing such a program.

[0043] In the present disclosure, determining the priority between A and B may be referred to in various ways, such as selecting a higher priority according to a predetermined priority rule and performing an action corresponding to it, or omitting or dropping an action for a lower priority.

[0044] Hereinafter, 'A or B' described in the present disclosure may be understood as 'A and / or B', which may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'A and B'.

[0045] Additionally, 'at least one of A, B, and C' described in the present disclosure may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'C', or 'any combination of A, B, and C'.

[0046] Additionally, 'at least one of A, B, or C' described in the present disclosure may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'C', or 'any combination of A, B, and C'.

[0047] Additionally, 'A / B' described in the present disclosure may be understood as 'A and / or B', which may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'A and B'.

[0048] Additionally, 'A, B' described in the present disclosure may be understood as 'A and / or B', which may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'A and B'.

[0049] Additionally, 'A and B' described in the present disclosure may be understood as 'A and / or B', which may be understood to include 'A', or 'B', or 'A and B'.

[0050] In addition, it can be understood that the 'case where conditions A and B are satisfied' described in the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the case where both conditions A and B are satisfied, but may include the case where each of conditions A or B is satisfied, the case where both conditions A and B are satisfied, or the case where one or more additional conditions are satisfied together.

[0051] Additionally, throughout this specification, ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," and the like (and modifiers thereof) are used solely to distinguish between various instances, occurrences, configurations, messages, stages, or aspects of elements, operations, or information, as described below. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the use of such ordinal terms does not require that the elements, operations, or information distinguished by them be structurally, numerically, or inherently different. For example, "a first signal" and "a second signal" may represent instances of the same signal transmitted at different times, may represent signals containing the same core information albeit with some modifications, or may represent signals having different content or characteristics depending on the specific context. Similarly, "a first value" and "a second value" may represent measurements or applications of the same magnitude in different circumstances, or may represent different magnitudes. Such interpretation should be determined by the specific technical context, functions and relationships described in the relevant portions of the specification and claims.

[0052] Furthermore, although terms such as "first" and "second" described in this disclosure are used to refer to various elements such as information, objects, actions, and sequences, they are not intended to limit such elements to a specific order. These terms may be understood to be used merely to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0053] Additionally, it may be understood that the terms "first~" and "second~" described in this disclosure may refer to the same or different elements. For example, if the elements are information, the first information and the second information may both be information, and in some cases, they may be the same information or different information.

[0054] In addition, the expressions "if" and "in case that" described in the present disclosure or claims may be interpreted to mean "when or upon," "in response to," or "based on," or "according to," depending on the context, and these expressions may be used interchangeably. In addition, in addition to these expressions, other expressions having substantially the same meaning may be used interchangeably, within the scope that does not impair the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0055] Additionally, the term "not perform" as used in this disclosure or claims may be understood to mean omitting or skipping a step, depending on the context. Such terms may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially similar meaning.

[0056] Additionally, "transmitting a message including A and B" as described herein may be interpreted to include both (i) cases where A and B are transmitted in a single message, as well as (ii) cases where A and B are transmitted individually via multiple messages (e.g., transmitting a first message including A and a second message including B). This interpretation may also apply when a message including two or more items, such as A, B, and C, is transmitted together or individually.

[0057] Additionally, 'sending a message containing A and sending a message containing B' can also be interpreted as sending a single message containing A and B.

[0058] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms or components included in the disclosure will be expressed in the singular or plural, depending on the specific embodiment presented. However, the singular or plural expressions are selected to suit the presented situation for convenience of explanation, and the present disclosure is not limited to singular or plural components. Components expressed in the plural may be composed of singular elements, or components expressed in the singular may be composed of plural elements.

[0059] The drawings or flowcharts described below illustrate exemplary methods that may be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various modifications may be made to the methods depicted in the flowcharts of the present disclosure. For example, although depicted as a series of steps, various steps in each drawing or flowchart may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in different orders, or occur multiple times. In other instances, any step may be omitted or replaced with another step.

[0060] The methods and devices proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to each embodiment, and may be utilized as a combination of one or more embodiments, all or part of the embodiments proposed in the disclosure. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied with some modifications within a scope that does not significantly deviate from the scope of the present disclosure, as determined by a person skilled in the art.

[0061] In this case, even if any wording is mentioned in different embodiments, if the concepts correspond, they may be used interchangeably, combined, or substituted. For example, for identical or corresponding concepts, even if one embodiment uses the expression "A" and another embodiment uses the expression "B," these may be understood interchangeably, substituted, or combined.

[0062] In the following description, terms used to identify connection nodes, terms referring to network entities, terms referring to messages, terms referring to interfaces between network entities, terms referring to various identification information, etc. are examples for convenience of explanation. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms referring to objects having equivalent technical meanings may be used. In addition, the terms may be replaced with terms defined in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Technical Specifications (TS), if appropriate.

[0063] Hereinafter, the base station is an entity that performs resource allocation of a terminal, and may be at least one of a gNode B, an eNode B, a Node B, a BS (base station), a radio access unit, a base station controller, or a node on a network. In addition, the base station of the present disclosure may include a structure that is split into a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). In this structure, the CU is responsible for the upper layers of the control and user planes, and the DU is responsible for radio resource processing of the lower layers. The embodiments of the present disclosure can be equally applied to a 5G base station structure in which functions are separated into the CU and DU.

[0064] The terminal may include a UE (user equipment), MS (mobile station), cellular phone, smartphone, computer, or multimedia system capable of performing communication functions.

[0065] In the present disclosure, downlink (DL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a base station to a terminal, and uplink (UL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a terminal to a base station.

[0066] In addition, although the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G, new radio, NR) and the sixth generation mobile communication system (6G) may be described below as examples, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, this may include new evolved mobile communication systems developed after 5G and 6G. In addition, the present disclosure may be applied to other communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems) with some modifications within a range that does not significantly deviate from the scope of the present disclosure, as determined by a person having skilled technical knowledge.

[0067] In the following description, the terms "physical channel" and "signal" may be used interchangeably with data or control signals. For example, while PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) refers to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, PDSCH may also be used to refer to data. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression "transmitting a physical channel" may be interpreted equivalently to the expression "transmitting data or a signal through a physical channel."

[0068] In the following description of the present disclosure, upper layer signaling may be signaling corresponding to at least one or a combination of one or more of MIB (master information block), SIB (system information block), SIB M (M=1, 2, ...), RRC (radio resource control), MAC (medium access control) CE (control element), NAS (non-access stratum) signaling, or application layer messages. The RRC signaling may also be referred to as L3 signaling (layer 3 signaling).

[0069] In addition, L1 signaling may be signaling corresponding to at least one or a combination of one or more signaling methods using a physical layer channel or signaling of PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), DCI (downlink control information), UE-specific DCI, group common DCI, common DCI, scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI used for the purpose of scheduling downlink or uplink data), non-scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI not for the purpose of scheduling downlink or uplink data), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or uplink control information (UCI). The L1 signaling may also be referred to as physical layer signaling.

[0070] Hereinafter, the expression that information can be configured from a base station in the present disclosure or claims may mean that a terminal receives the information from the base station through physical layer signaling or upper layer signaling, depending on the context, and such expression may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially similar meaning.

[0071] The operating principle of the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings below.

[0072] Wireless communication systems are evolving from providing voice-oriented services in the early days to broadband wireless communication systems that provide high-speed, high-quality packet data services, such as communication standards such as 3GPP's HSPA (High Speed ​​Packet Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution or E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access)), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Pro, 3GPP2's HRPD (High Rate Packet Data), UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), and IEEE's 802.16e.

[0073] As a representative example of the above broadband wireless communication system, the LTE system adopts the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method in the downlink (DL) and the SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) method in the uplink (UL). The uplink refers to a wireless link in which a terminal (User Equipment (UE) or Mobile Station (MS)) transmits data or control signals to a base station (eNode B or base station (BS)), and the downlink refers to a wireless link in which a base station transmits data or control signals to a terminal. The above multiple access method can distinguish the data or control information of each user by allocating and operating the time-frequency resources for transmitting data or control information to each user so that they do not overlap, that is, so as to achieve orthogonality.

[0074] As a future communications system beyond LTE, 5G communication systems must be able to freely reflect the diverse needs of users and service providers. Therefore, they must support services that simultaneously satisfy these diverse requirements. Services being considered for 5G communication systems include enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and Ultra Reliability Low Latency Communication (URLLC).

[0075] eMBB aims to provide data transmission rates that are significantly higher than those supported by existing LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-Pro. For example, in a 5G communication system, eMBB must be able to support a peak data rate of 20 Gbps in the downlink and a peak data rate of 10 Gbps in the uplink from the perspective of a single base station. Furthermore, 5G communication systems must simultaneously provide the peak data rate and an increased user-perceived data rate for terminals. To meet these requirements, improvements in various transmission and reception technologies, including improved multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) transmission technology, are required. Furthermore, while LTE transmits signals using a maximum transmission bandwidth of 20 MHz in the 2 GHz band, 5G communication systems can meet the data transmission rates required by 5G communication systems by using a wider frequency bandwidth than 20 MHz in the 3-6 GHz or higher 6 GHz band.

[0076] At the same time, mMTC is being considered to support application services such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G communication systems. To efficiently provide the IoT, mMTC requires supporting large-scale terminal connections within a cell, improved terminal coverage, enhanced battery life, and reduced terminal costs. The IoT requires the ability to support a large number of terminals (e.g., 1,000,000 terminals / km2) within a cell, as it provides communication capabilities through the attachment of various sensors and devices. Furthermore, terminals supporting mMTC are likely to be located in shadow areas, such as basements, beyond cell coverage due to the nature of the service, and thus may require broader coverage compared to other services provided by 5G communication systems. Terminals supporting mMTC must be inexpensive, and since frequent battery replacement is unlikely, they may require extremely long battery lifespans, such as 10 to 15 years.

[0077] Finally, URLLC refers to cellular-based wireless communication services used for specific mission-critical purposes. Examples include remote control of robots or machinery, industrial automation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), remote health care, and emergency alerts. Therefore, URLLC communications must offer extremely low latency and high reliability. For example, URLLC-enabled services must meet air interface latency requirements of less than 0.5 milliseconds and a packet error rate (PER) of 10-5 or lower. Therefore, for services supporting URLLC, 5G systems must provide shorter Transmit Time Intervals (TTIs) than other services, and design considerations may require the allocation of extensive resources in the frequency band to ensure communication link reliability.

[0078] The three 5G services—eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC—can be multiplexed and transmitted within a single system. To meet the differing requirements of each service, different transmission and reception techniques and parameters can be used. Of course, 5G is not limited to the three services described above.

[0079] [NR time-frequency resources]

[0080] Below, the frame structure of the 5G system is described in more detail with reference to drawings.

[0081] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of the time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource domain in which data or control channels are transmitted in a 5G system.

[0082] The horizontal axis of Figure 1 represents the time domain, and the vertical axis represents the frequency domain. The basic unit of resources in the time and frequency domains is a resource element (RE, 101), which can be defined as 1 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol (102) on the time axis and 1 subcarrier (103) on the frequency axis. In the frequency domain (For example, 12) consecutive REs can form one resource block (RB, 104).

[0083] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] Figure 2a illustrates an example of a structure of a frame (Frame, 200), a subframe (Subframe, 201), and a slot (Slot, 202). One frame (200) can be defined as 10 ms. One subframe (201) can be defined as 1 ms, and therefore one frame (200) can be composed of a total of 10 subframes (201). One slot (202, 203) can be defined as 14 OFDM symbols (i.e., the number of symbols per slot ( )=14). 1 subframe (201) may be composed of one or more slots (202, 203), and the number of slots (202, 203) per 1 subframe (201) may vary depending on the setting value μ (204, 205) for the subcarrier spacing. In an example of FIG. 2a, the cases where the subcarrier spacing setting value μ = 0 (204) and μ = 1 (205) are illustrated. When μ = 0 (204), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of one slot (202), and when μ = 1 (205), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of two slots (203). That is, the number of slots per 1 subframe ( ) may vary, and accordingly the number of slots per frame ( ) may vary. Depending on the subcarrier spacing setting μ and can be defined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0085] [Table 1]

[0086]

[0087] [SS / PBCH block]

[0088] Next, we will explain the SS (Synchronization Signal) / PBCH block in 5G.

[0089] An SS / PBCH block may refer to a physical layer channel block consisting of a PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), and PBCH. Specifically, it is as follows.

[0090] - PSS: A signal that serves as a reference for downlink time / frequency synchronization and provides some information about the cell ID.

[0091] - SSS: It serves as a reference for downlink time / frequency synchronization and provides the remaining cell ID information not provided by PSS. Additionally, it can serve as a reference signal for PBCH demodulation.

[0092] - PBCH: Provides essential system information required for the terminal's data channel and control channel transmission and reception. Essential system information may include search space-related control information indicating radio resource mapping information for the control channel, and scheduling control information for a separate data channel that transmits system information.

[0093] - SS / PBCH Block: An SS / PBCH block is composed of a combination of PSS, SSS, and PBCH. One or more SS / PBCH blocks can be transmitted within a 5ms period, and each transmitted SS / PBCH block can be distinguished by an index.

[0094] The terminal can detect PSS and SSS in the initial access stage, and decode PBCH. The terminal can obtain MIB from PBCH, and can set control region (Control Resource Set; CORESET) #0 (which may correspond to a control region with a control region index of 0) therefrom. The terminal can monitor control region #0, assuming that the selected SS / PBCH block and the DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) transmitted in control region #0 are QCL (Quasi Co Location). The terminal can receive system information through downlink control information transmitted in control region #0. The terminal can obtain RACH (Random Access Channel) related configuration information required for initial access from the received system information. The terminal can transmit PRACH (Physical RACH) to the base station considering the selected SS / PBCH index, and the base station receiving the PRACH can obtain information on the SS / PBCH block index selected by the terminal. The base station can know that the terminal has selected a block among each SS / PBCH block and monitors the control region #0 associated with it.

[0095] [SS / PBCH block beam sweeping related]

[0096] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a time domain mapping structure and beam sweeping operation of a synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0097] Figure 2b shows an example in which beam sweeping is applied to SS / PBCH block units over time.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 2B, terminal 1 (205) receives an SS / PBCH block using a beam radiated in the direction of #d0 (203) by beamforming applied to SS / PBCH block #0 at time t1 (201). Terminal 2 (206) receives an SS / PBCH block using a beam radiated in the direction of #d4 (204) by beamforming applied to SS / PBCH block #4 at time t2 (202). The terminal can obtain an optimal synchronization signal through a beam radiated from the base station in the direction where the terminal is located. For example, terminal 1 (205) may have difficulty in obtaining time / frequency synchronization and essential system information from an SS / PBCH block through a beam radiated in the direction of #d4, which is far from the location of terminal 1.

[0099] In addition to the initial connection procedure described above, the terminal may also receive SS / PBCH blocks to determine whether the radio link quality of the current cell is maintained at a certain level or higher. Furthermore, during a handover procedure in which the terminal moves from the current cell to a neighboring cell, the terminal may receive SS / PBCH blocks from the neighboring cell to determine the radio link quality of the neighboring cell and obtain time / frequency synchronization with the neighboring cell.

[0100] After the terminal acquires MIB and system information from the base station through the initial access procedure, the terminal can perform a random access procedure to transition the link with the base station to the connected state (or RRC_CONNECTED state). Upon completing the random access procedure, the terminal transitions to the connected state, enabling one-to-one communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0101] [Bandwidth Part (BWP)]

[0102] Next, the bandwidth part (BWP) setting in the 5G communication system will be explained in detail with reference to the drawing.

[0103] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of bandwidth portion settings in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0104] Figure 3 shows an example in which the UE bandwidth (300) is set to two bandwidth portions, namely, bandwidth portion #1 (BWP#1) (301) and bandwidth portion #2 (BWP#2) (302). The base station can set one or more bandwidth portions to the UE, and can set information such as Table 2 below for each bandwidth portion.

[0105] [Table 2]

[0106]

[0107] Of course, the above example is not limited, and in addition to the above configuration information, various parameters related to the bandwidth portion can be configured for the terminal. The above information can be transmitted from the base station to the terminal via upper layer signaling, for example, RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling. At least one bandwidth portion among the configured one or more bandwidth portions can be activated. Whether or not the configured bandwidth portion is activated can be semi-statically transmitted from the base station to the terminal via RRC signaling or dynamically transmitted via DCI (Downlink Control Information).

[0108] According to some embodiments, a terminal before RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection can receive configuration information for an initial bandwidth portion (Initial BWP) for initial access from a base station through a Master Information Block (MIB). More specifically, the terminal can receive configuration information for a control region (Control Resource Set, CORESET) and a search space where a PDCCH for receiving system information (which may correspond to Remaining System Information (RMSI) or System Information Block 1 (SIB1)) required for initial access can be transmitted through the MIB during the initial access phase. The control region and search space configured by the MIB may each be regarded as identifier (ID) 0. The base station can notify the terminal of configuration information such as frequency allocation information, time allocation information, and numerology for control region #0 through the MIB. In addition, the base station can notify the terminal of configuration information for a monitoring cycle and occasion for control region #0, i.e., configuration information for search space #0, through the MIB. The terminal may consider the frequency range set as control area #0 obtained from the MIB as the initial bandwidth portion for initial connection. At this time, the identifier (ID) of the initial bandwidth portion may be considered as 0.

[0109] The settings for the bandwidth supported by the above 5G can be used for various purposes.

[0110] In some embodiments, when the bandwidth supported by a terminal is smaller than the system bandwidth, this can be supported through bandwidth portion configuration. For example, the base station can configure the bandwidth portion frequency location (configuration information 2) for the terminal, thereby allowing the terminal to transmit and receive data at a specific frequency location within the system bandwidth.

[0111] Additionally, in some embodiments, a base station may configure multiple bandwidth segments for a terminal to support different numerologies. For example, to support data transmission and reception using both 15 kHz and 30 kHz subcarrier spacing for a given terminal, two bandwidth segments may be configured with subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz and 30 kHz, respectively. The different bandwidth segments may be frequency-division multiplexed, and when data is to be transmitted and received using a specific subcarrier spacing, the bandwidth segment configured for that subcarrier spacing may be activated.

[0112] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the base station may configure bandwidth portions with different bandwidth sizes for the terminal for the purpose of reducing power consumption of the terminal. For example, if the terminal supports a very large bandwidth, for example, 100 MHz, and constantly transmits and receives data using that bandwidth, very large power consumption may occur. In particular, monitoring unnecessary downlink control channels using a large bandwidth of 100 MHz in a situation where there is no traffic may be very inefficient in terms of power consumption. To reduce power consumption of the terminal, the base station may configure a bandwidth portion with a relatively small bandwidth, for example, 20 MHz, for the terminal. In a situation where there is no traffic, the terminal can perform monitoring operations in the 20 MHz bandwidth portion, and when data is generated, it can transmit and receive data using the 100 MHz bandwidth portion according to the instructions of the base station.

[0113] In the method for setting the bandwidth part, terminals before RRC connection (Connected) can receive setting information for the initial bandwidth part through the MIB (Master Information Block) in the initial access stage. More specifically, the terminal can set a control region (Control Resource Set, CORESET) for a downlink control channel on which DCI (Downlink Control Information) for scheduling a SIB (System Information Block) can be transmitted from the MIB of the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). The bandwidth of the control region set by the MIB can be regarded as the initial bandwidth part, and the terminal can receive the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) on which the SIB is transmitted through the set initial bandwidth part. In addition to the purpose of receiving the SIB, the initial bandwidth part can also be utilized for other system information (Other System Information, OSI), paging, and random access.

[0114] [Bandwidth Part (BWP) Change]

[0115] When one or more bandwidth parts are set for a terminal, the base station can instruct the terminal to change (or switch, transition) the bandwidth part using the bandwidth part indicator field in the DCI. For example, in FIG. 3, when the currently activated bandwidth part of the terminal is bandwidth part #1 (301), the base station can instruct the terminal to bandwidth part #2 (302) using the bandwidth part indicator in the DCI, and the terminal can perform a bandwidth part change to bandwidth part #2 (302) indicated by the bandwidth part indicator in the received DCI.

[0116] As mentioned above, since DCI-based bandwidth part changes can be indicated by DCI scheduling PDSCH or PUSCH, when a UE receives a bandwidth part change request, it must be able to seamlessly receive or transmit the PDSCH or PUSCH scheduled by the corresponding DCI in the changed bandwidth part. To this end, the standard stipulates requirements for the delay time (TBWP) required when changing the bandwidth part, which can be defined, for example, as shown in Table 3.

[0117] [Table 3]

[0118]

[0119] The bandwidth-partial change delay time requirement supports Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the terminal's capability. The terminal can report the supported bandwidth-partial delay time type to the base station.

[0120] According to the requirement on the bandwidth part change delay time described above, when a terminal receives a DCI including a bandwidth part change indicator in slot n, the terminal can complete the change to the new bandwidth part indicated by the bandwidth part change indicator at a time no later than slot n + TBWP, and can perform transmission and reception for the data channel scheduled by the corresponding DCI in the changed new bandwidth part. When the base station wants to schedule a data channel in the new bandwidth part, the base station can determine the time domain resource allocation for the data channel by considering the bandwidth part change delay time (TBWP) of the terminal. That is, when the base station schedules a data channel in the new bandwidth part, the data channel can be scheduled after the bandwidth part change delay time in the method of determining the time domain resource allocation for the data channel. Accordingly, the terminal may not expect the DCI indicating the bandwidth part change to indicate a slot offset (K0 or K2) value smaller than the bandwidth part change delay time (TBWP).

[0121] If the terminal receives DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_1 or 0_1) indicating a bandwidth change, the terminal may not perform any transmission or reception during the time period from the third symbol of the slot in which the PDCCH including the DCI is received to the start point of the slot indicated by the slot offset (K0 or K2) value indicated by the time domain resource allocation indicator field in the DCI. For example, if the terminal receives DCI indicating a bandwidth change in slot n and the slot offset value indicated by the DCI is K, the terminal may not perform any transmission or reception from the third symbol of slot n to the symbol before slot n+K (i.e., the last symbol of slot n+K-1).

[0122] [PDCCH: DCI related]

[0123] Next, we will specifically explain downlink control information (DCI) in the 5G system.

[0124] In a 5G system, scheduling information for uplink data (or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) or downlink data (or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)) is transmitted from a base station to a terminal via DCI. The terminal can monitor a DCI format for fallback and a DCI format for non-fallback for the PUSCH or PDSCH. The fallback DCI format can be composed of fixed fields defined between the base station and the terminal, and the non-fallback DCI format can include configurable fields.

[0125] DCI can be transmitted over the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) after going through the channel coding and modulation process. A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is attached to the DCI message payload, and the CRC can be scrambled with a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) corresponding to the identity of the UE. Different RNTIs can be used depending on the purpose of the DCI message, such as UE-specific data transmission, power control command, or random access response. That is, the RNTI is not transmitted explicitly, but is included in the CRC calculation process. When the UE receives a DCI message transmitted on the PDCCH, it verifies the CRC using the assigned RNTI. If the CRC verification result is correct, the UE can determine that the message has been transmitted to the UE.

[0126] For example, a DCI scheduling a PDSCH for System Information (SI) may be scrambled with SI-RNTI. A DCI scheduling a PDSCH for a Random Access Response (RAR) message may be scrambled with RA-RNTI. A DCI scheduling a PDSCH for a Paging message may be scrambled with P-RNTI. A DCI notifying a Slot Format Indicator (SFI) may be scrambled with SFI-RNTI. A DCI notifying a Transmit Power Control (TPC) may be scrambled with TPC-RNTI. A DCI scheduling a UE-specific PDSCH or PUSCH may be scrambled with C-RNTI (Cell RNTI).

[0127] DCI format 0_0 can be used as a fallback DCI for scheduling PUSCH, in which case the CRC can be scrambled with C-RNTI. DCI format 0_0 with the CRC scrambled with C-RNTI can include, for example, the information in Table 4.

[0128] [Table 4]

[0129]

[0130] DCI format 0_1 ​​can be used as a fallback DCI for scheduling PUSCH, in which case the CRC can be scrambled with C-RNTI. DCI format 0_1 ​​with the CRC scrambled with C-RNTI can include, for example, the information in Table 5.

[0131] [Table 5]

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] DCI format 1_0 can be used as a fallback DCI for scheduling PDSCH, in which case the CRC can be scrambled with C-RNTI. DCI format 1_0 with the CRC scrambled with C-RNTI can include, for example, the information in Table 6.

[0135] [Table 6]

[0136]

[0137] DCI format 1_1 can be used as a fallback DCI for scheduling PDSCH, in which case the CRC can be scrambled with C-RNTI. DCI format 1_1 with the CRC scrambled with C-RNTI can include, for example, the information in Table 7.

[0138] [Table 7]

[0139]

[0140] [Rate matching / Puncturing related]

[0141] Below, the rate matching operation and puncturing operation are described in detail.

[0142] When a time and frequency resource A, through which an arbitrary symbol sequence A is to be transmitted, overlaps with an arbitrary time and frequency resource B, a rate matching or puncturing operation may be considered for transmission and reception operations of channel A considering resource C, an area in which resources A and B overlap. The specific operations may follow the contents below.

[0143] Rate Matching Operation

[0144] - The base station can map and transmit channel A only for the remaining resource areas excluding resource C corresponding to the overlapping area with resource B among the entire resources A that want to transmit symbol sequence A to the terminal. For example, if symbol sequence A is composed of {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4}, resource A is {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4}, and resource B is {resource #3, resource #5}, the base station can sequentially map and transmit symbol sequence A to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4}, which are the remaining resources among resource A excluding {resource #3} corresponding to resource C. As a result, the base station can map and transmit symbol sequences {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3} to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4}, respectively.

[0145] The terminal can determine resources A and B from scheduling information for symbol sequence A from the base station, and can thereby determine resource C, which is an area where resources A and B overlap. The terminal can receive symbol sequence A, assuming that symbol sequence A has been mapped and transmitted in the remaining area of ​​the entire resource A except for resource C. For example, if symbol sequence A is composed of {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4}, resource A is {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4}, and resource B is {resource #3, resource #5}, the terminal can receive symbol sequence A, assuming that symbol sequence A has been sequentially mapped to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4}, which are the remaining resources among resource A except for {resource #3} corresponding to resource C. As a result, the terminal can assume that the symbol sequence {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3} is mapped to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4} and transmitted, respectively, and perform a series of subsequent receiving operations.

[0146] Puncture action

[0147] If a base station wants to transmit symbol sequence A to a terminal, and there is a resource C corresponding to an area overlapping with resource B among all resources A, the base station maps symbol sequence A to the entire resource A, but does not perform transmission in the resource area corresponding to resource C, and can perform transmission only for the remaining resource areas of resource A excluding resource C. For example, if symbol sequence A is composed of {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4}, resource A is {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4}, and resource B is {resource #3, resource #5}, the base station can map symbol sequence A {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4} to resource A {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4}, and transmit only the symbol sequence {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #4} corresponding to the remaining resources {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4} excluding {resource #3} corresponding to resource C among resources A, and may not transmit {symbol #3} mapped to {resource #3} corresponding to resource C. As a result, the base station can transmit symbol sequences {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #4} by mapping them to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4}, respectively.

[0148] The terminal can determine resources A and B from scheduling information for symbol sequence A from the base station, and can thereby determine resource C, which is an area where resources A and B overlap. The terminal can receive symbol sequence A assuming that symbol sequence A was transmitted only in the remaining area excluding resource C among resource area A mapped to the entire resource A. For example, if symbol sequence A is composed of {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4}, resource A is {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4}, and resource B is {resource #3, resource #5}, the terminal can assume that symbol sequence A {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4} is mapped to resource A {resource #1, resource #2, resource #3, resource #4} respectively, but {symbol #3} mapped to {resource #3} corresponding to resource C is not transmitted, and can receive it assuming that symbol sequence {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #4} corresponding to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4}, which are the remaining resources among resource A except {resource #3} corresponding to resource C, are mapped and transmitted. As a result, the terminal can assume that the symbol sequence {symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #4} is mapped to {resource #1, resource #2, resource #4} and transmitted, respectively, and perform a series of subsequent receiving operations.

[0149] Below, we describe a method for configuring rate-matching resources for the purpose of rate-matching in 5G communication systems. Rate-matching refers to adjusting the size of a signal based on the amount of resources available for transmission. For example, rate-matching a data channel may mean adjusting the size of data accordingly, without mapping the data channel to a specific time and frequency resource region.

[0150] [PDCCH: CORESET, REG, CCE, Search Space]

[0151] Below, the downlink control channel in a 5G communication system will be described in more detail with reference to drawings.

[0152] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control region (Control Resource Set, CORESET) in which a downlink control channel is transmitted in a 5G wireless communication system.

[0153] FIG. 4 illustrates an example in which two control regions (Control Region #1 (401), Control Region #2 (402)) are set within a UE bandwidth part (410) on the frequency axis and within one slot (420) on the time axis. The control regions (401, 402) can be set to specific frequency resources (403) within the entire UE bandwidth part (410) on the frequency axis. The time axis can be set to one or more OFDM symbols, which can be defined as the control region length (Control Resource Set Duration, 404). Referring to the example illustrated in FIG. 4, Control Region #1 (401) is set to a control region length of two symbols, and Control Region #2 (402) is set to a control region length of one symbol.

[0154] In the aforementioned 5G, the control region can be established by the base station to the terminal via higher-layer signaling (e.g., system information, Master Information Block (MIB), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Establishing a control region for the terminal means providing information such as the control region identifier, the frequency location of the control region, and the symbol length of the control region. For example, this information may include the information in Table 8.

[0155] [Table 8]

[0156]

[0157] In Table 8, the tci-StatesPDCCH (simply named TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) state) configuration information may include information on one or more SS (Synchronization Signal) / PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) block indices or CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) indices that are in a QCL (Quasi Co Located) relationship with the DMRS transmitted in the corresponding control region.

[0158] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic unit of time and frequency resources that constitute a downlink control channel that can be used in 5G.

[0159] According to FIG. 5, the basic unit of time and frequency resources constituting the control channel can be referred to as a REG (Resource Element Group, 503), and the REG (503) can be defined as 1 OFDM symbol (501) on the time axis and 1 PRB (Physical Resource Block, 502) on the frequency axis, i.e., 12 subcarriers. The base station can concatenate REGs (503) to form a downlink control channel allocation unit.

[0160] As illustrated in FIG. 5, if the basic unit to which a downlink control channel is allocated in 5G is called a CCE (Control Channel Element, 504), 1 CCE (504) can be composed of multiple REGs (503). Taking the REG (503) illustrated in FIG. 5 as an example, the REG (503) can be composed of 12 REs, and if 1 CCE (504) is composed of 6 REGs (503), 1 CCE (504) can be composed of 72 REs. When a downlink control region is set, the region can be composed of multiple CCEs (504), and a specific downlink control channel can be mapped to one or multiple CCEs (504) and transmitted according to the aggregation level (AL) within the control region. CCEs (504) within the control area are distinguished by numbers, and the numbers of the CCEs (504) can be assigned according to a logical mapping method.

[0161] The basic unit of the downlink control channel illustrated in FIG. 5, that is, the REG (503), may include both the REs to which the DCI is mapped and the area to which the DMRS (505), which is a reference signal for decoding the REs, is mapped. As shown in FIG. 5, three DMRSs (505) may be transmitted within one REG (503). The number of CCEs required to transmit the PDCCH may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 depending on the aggregation level (AL), and different numbers of CCEs may be used to implement link adaptation of the downlink control channel. For example, when AL = L, one downlink control channel may be transmitted through L CCEs. The terminal must detect a signal without knowing information about the downlink control channel, and a search space representing a set of CCEs is defined for blind decoding. A search space is a set of downlink control channel candidates (CCEs) that a terminal must attempt to decode at a given aggregation level. Since there are multiple aggregation levels, each of which can be a set of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs, a terminal can have multiple search spaces. A search space set can be defined as the set of search spaces at all configured aggregation levels.

[0162] Search spaces can be categorized into common search spaces and UE-specific search spaces. A certain group of UEs, or all UEs, can search the common search space of the PDCCH to receive cell-common control information, such as dynamic scheduling of system information or paging messages. For example, PDSCH scheduling allocation information for transmitting SIBs, including cell operator information, can be received by searching the common search space of the PDCCH. In the case of the common search space, since a certain group of UEs, or all UEs, must receive the PDCCH, it can be defined as a set of pre-arranged CCEs. Scheduling allocation information for UE-specific PDSCH or PUSCH can be received by searching the UE-specific search space of the PDCCH. The UE-specific search space can be defined UE-specifically as a function of the UE's identity and various system parameters.

[0163] In 5G, parameters for the search space for PDCCH can be configured from the base station to the terminal via higher-layer signaling (e.g., SIB, MIB, RRC signaling). For example, the base station can configure the number of PDCCH candidates at each aggregation level L, the monitoring period for the search space, the monitoring occasion for each symbol within the slot for the search space, the search space type (common search space or terminal-specific search space), the combination of DCI format and RNTI to be monitored in the corresponding search space, the control region index to be monitored for the search space, etc. to the terminal. For example, the information in Table 9 can be included.

[0164] [Table 9]

[0165]

[0166] Depending on the configuration information, the base station may configure one or more search space sets for the terminal. In some embodiments, the base station may configure search space set 1 and search space set 2 for the terminal, and may configure the terminal to monitor DCI format A scrambled with X-RNTI in search space set 1 in a common search space, and may configure the terminal to monitor DCI format B scrambled with Y-RNTI in search space set 2 in a terminal-specific search space.

[0167] According to the configuration information, one or more search space sets may exist in a common search space or a terminal-specific search space. For example, search space set #1 and search space set #2 may be configured as a common search space, and search space set #3 and search space set #4 may be configured as terminal-specific search spaces.

[0168] In the common search space, the following combinations of DCI formats and RNTIs can be monitored. Of course, the examples below are not limited to these.

[0169] - DCI format 0_0 / 1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, TC-RNTI, P-RNTI, SI-RNTI

[0170] - DCI format 2_0 with CRC scrambled by SFI-RNTI

[0171] - DCI format 2_1 with CRC scrambled by INT-RNTI

[0172] - DCI format 2_2 with CRC scrambled by TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI

[0173] - DCI format 2_3 with CRC scrambled by TPC-SRS-RNTI

[0174] In a terminal-specific search space, the following combinations of DCI formats and RNTIs can be monitored. Of course, the examples below are not limited to these examples.

[0175] - DCI format 0_0 / 1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, TC-RNTI

[0176] - DCI format 1_0 / 1_1 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, TC-RNTI

[0177] The RNTIs specified may follow the definitions and uses below.

[0178] C-RNTI (Cell RNTI): For terminal-specific PDSCH scheduling purposes

[0179] TC-RNTI (Temporary Cell RNTI): For terminal-specific PDSCH scheduling purposes

[0180] CS-RNTI (Configured Scheduling RNTI): Used for terminal-specific PDSCH scheduling that is set semi-statically.

[0181] RA-RNTI (Random Access RNTI): Used for PDSCH scheduling in the random access phase.

[0182] P-RNTI (Paging RNTI): Used for scheduling PDSCH where paging is transmitted.

[0183] SI-RNTI (System Information RNTI): Used for scheduling PDSCH where system information is transmitted.

[0184] INT-RNTI (Interruption RNTI): Used to indicate whether PDSCH is punctured.

[0185] TPC-PUSCH-RNTI (Transmit Power Control for PUSCH RNTI): Used to indicate power control commands for PUSCH.

[0186] TPC-PUCCH-RNTI (Transmit Power Control for PUCCH RNTI): Used to indicate power control commands for PUCCH.

[0187] TPC-SRS-RNTI (Transmit Power Control for SRS RNTI): Used to indicate power control commands for SRS.

[0188] The aforementioned specified DCI formats may follow definitions such as the examples in Table 10.

[0189] [Table 10]

[0190]

[0191] In 5G, the search space of aggregation level L in the control region p and search space set s can be expressed as in the following mathematical expression 1.

[0192] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0193]

[0194] In the case of a terminal-specific search space, the value may correspond to a value that changes depending on the terminal's identity (C-RNTI or ID set to the terminal by the base station) and the time index.

[0195] In 5G, since multiple search space sets can be configured with different parameters (e.g., parameters in Table 9), the set of search space sets monitored by a terminal at each point in time can be different. For example, if search space set #1 is configured with an X-slot period and search space set #2 is configured with a Y-slot period and X and Y are different, the terminal can monitor both search space set #1 and search space set #2 in a specific slot, or can monitor either search space set #1 or search space set #2 in a specific slot.

[0196] Figure 6 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a base station and a terminal transmit and receive data by considering downlink data channels and rate matching resources.

[0197] FIG. 6 illustrates a downlink data channel (PDSCH, 601) and a rate matching resource (602). A base station can configure one or more rate matching resources (602) to a terminal through upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). Rate matching resource (602) configuration information may include time-domain resource allocation information (603), frequency-domain resource allocation information (604), and period information (605). In the following, the bitmap corresponding to the frequency-domain resource allocation information (604) is named "the first bitmap", the bitmap corresponding to the time-domain resource allocation information (603) is named "the second bitmap", and the bitmap corresponding to the period information (605) is named "the third bitmap". If all or part of the time and frequency resources of the scheduled data channel (601) overlap with the set rate matching resources (602), the base station can rate-match and transmit the data channel (601) in the rate matching resource (602) portion, and the terminal can perform reception and decoding after assuming that the data channel (601) is rate-matched in the rate matching resource (602) portion.

[0198] The base station can dynamically notify the terminal via DCI whether to rate-match the data channel in the set rate-matching resource portion through additional configuration (corresponding to the "rate-matching indicator" in the aforementioned DCI format). Specifically, the base station can select some of the set rate-matching resources and group them into rate-matching resource groups, and can use a bitmap to indicate to the terminal via DCI whether the data channel for each rate-matching resource group is rate-matched. For example, if four rate-matching resources, RMR#1, RMR#2, RMR#3, and RMR#4, are set, the base station can set RMG#1={RMR#1, RMR#2}, RMG#2={RMR#3, RMR#4} as the rate-matching groups, and can use two bits in the DCI field to indicate to the terminal whether to rate-match in RMG#1 and RMG#2, respectively, using a bitmap. For example, if rate matching is required, it can be indicated as "1", and if rate matching is not required, it can be indicated as "0".

[0199] 5G supports granularity at the "RB symbol level" and "RE level" by setting the aforementioned rate matching resources on the terminal. More specifically, the following setting method can be followed.

[0200] 1) RB symbol level

[0201] A terminal can set up to four RateMatchPatterns for each bandwidth section through upper layer signaling, and one RateMatchPattern can include the following contents.

[0202] - As a reserved resource within the bandwidth section, a resource in which the time and frequency resource domains of the reserved resource are set by combining a bitmap at the RB level and a bitmap at the symbol level along the frequency axis may be included. The reserved resource may span one or two slots. A time domain pattern (periodicityAndPattern) in which the time and frequency domains composed of each RB level and symbol level bitmap pair are repeated may additionally be set.

[0203] - It may include a time and frequency domain resource area set as a control resource set within the bandwidth section and a resource area corresponding to a time domain pattern set as a search space setting in which the resource area is repeated.

[0204] 2) RE level

[0205] The terminal can be configured with the following contents through upper layer signaling.

[0206] - The configuration information (lte-CRS-ToMatchAround) for RE corresponding to the LTE CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal or Common Reference Signal) pattern may include the number of LTE CRS ports (nrofCRS-Ports) and the LTE-CRS-vshift(s) value (v-shift), the location information (carrierFreqDL) of the center subcarrier of the LTE carrier from the reference frequency point (e.g., reference point A), the bandwidth size (carrierBandwidthDL) information of the LTE carrier, and the subframe configuration information (mbsfn-SubframConfigList) corresponding to the MBSFN (Multicast-broadcast single-frequency network). Based on the above-described information, the terminal can determine the location of the CRS within the NR slot corresponding to the LTE subframe.

[0207] - It may include configuration information for a set of resources corresponding to one or more ZP (Zero Power) CSI-RSs within the bandwidth section.

[0208] [PDSCH: Frequency Resource Allocation Related]

[0209] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of frequency-axis resource allocation of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0210] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating three frequency axis resource allocation methods, type 0 (7-00), type 1 (7-05), and dynamic switch (7-10), which can be set through an upper layer in an NR wireless communication system.

[0211] Referring to FIG. 7, if a terminal is configured to use only resource type 0 through upper layer signaling (7-00), some downlink control information (DCI) that allocates PDSCH to the terminal includes a bitmap consisting of NRBG bits. The conditions for this will be explained later. At this time, NRBG means the number of RBGs (resource block groups) determined according to the BWP size allocated by the BWP indicator and the upper layer parameter rbg-Size as shown in [Table 11] below, and data is transmitted to the RBG indicated as 1 by the bitmap.

[0212] [Table 11]

[0213]

[0214] If the terminal is configured to use only resource type 1 through upper layer signaling (7-05), some DCIs that allocate PDSCH to the terminal It contains frequency axis resource allocation information consisting of bits. The conditions for this will be explained later. Through this, the base station can set the starting VRB (7-20) and the length of frequency axis resources (7-25) allocated continuously therefrom.

[0215] If a terminal is configured to use both resource type 0 and resource type 1 through upper layer signaling (7-10), some DCIs that allocate PDSCH to the terminal include frequency-axis resource allocation information consisting of bits of the larger value (7-35) among the payload (7-15) for configuring resource type 0 and the payload (7-20, 7-25) for configuring resource type 1. The conditions for this will be explained later. At this time, one bit may be added to the first part (MSB) of the frequency-axis resource allocation information in the DCI, and if the bit has a value of '0', it may indicate that resource type 0 is used, and if the bit has a value of '1', it may indicate that resource type 1 is used.

[0216] [PDSCH / PUSCH: Time Resource Allocation Related]

[0217] Below, a time domain resource allocation method for data channels in next-generation mobile communication systems (5G or NR systems) is described.

[0218] A base station can set up a table for time domain resource allocation information for a downlink data channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH) and an uplink data channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH) to a terminal through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). A table with up to maxNrofDL-Allocations=16 entries can be set up for PDSCH, and a table with up to maxNrofUL-Allocations=16 entries can be set up for PUSCH. In one embodiment, the time domain resource allocation information may include PDCCH-to-PDSCH slot timing (corresponding to the time interval in slot units between the time point at which a PDCCH is received and the time point at which a PDSCH scheduled by the received PDCCH is transmitted, denoted as K0), PDCCH-to-PUSCH slot timing (corresponding to the time interval in slot units between the time point at which a PDCCH is received and the time point at which a PUSCH scheduled by the received PDCCH is transmitted, denoted as K2), information on the position and length of the start symbol for which a PDSCH or PUSCH is scheduled within a slot, the mapping type of the PDSCH or PUSCH, etc. For example, information such as [Table 12] or [Table 13] below may be transmitted from the base station to the terminal.

[0219] [Table 12]

[0220]

[0221] [Table 13]

[0222]

[0223] The base station may notify the terminal of one of the entries in the table for the time domain resource allocation information described above via L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) (e.g., indicated by the 'Time Domain Resource Allocation' field in the DCI). The terminal may obtain the time domain resource allocation information for the PDSCH or PUSCH based on the DCI received from the base station.

[0224] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of time axis resource allocation of PDSCH in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 8, the base station can indicate the time axis position of the PDSCH resource according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (μPDSCH, μPDCCH) of the data channel and control channel set using the upper layer, the scheduling offset (K0) value, and the start position (8-00) and length (8-05) of the OFDM symbol within a slot dynamically indicated through DCI.

[0226] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of time-domain resource allocation according to subcarrier spacing of a data channel and a control channel in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0227] Referring to Figure 9, when the subcarrier spacing of the data channel and the control channel are the same (9-00, μPDSCH = μ PDC CH), the slot number for data and control is the same, so the base station and terminal can generate a scheduling offset according to the predetermined slot offset K0. On the other hand, when the subcarrier spacing of the data channel and the control channel are different (9-05, μPDSCH Since the slot numbers for data and control (μPDCCH) are different, the base station and terminal can generate a scheduling offset according to a predetermined slot offset K0 based on the subcarrier spacing of the PDCCH.

[0228] [PUSCH: Transmission Method Related]

[0229] Next, we describe the scheduling method for PUSCH transmission. PUSCH transmission can be dynamically scheduled by the UL grant within the DCI or can operate by configured grant Type 1 or Type 2. Dynamic scheduling instructions for PUSCH transmission are possible in DCI format 0_0 or 0_1.

[0230] Configured grant Type 1 PUSCH transmission can be semi-statically configured by receiving configuredGrantConfig containing rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant of [Table 14] through upper level signaling, without receiving UL grant within DCI.

[0231] Configured grant Type 2 PUSCH transmission can be semi-persistently scheduled by UL grant in DCI after reception of configuredGrantConfig which does not include rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant of [Table 14] through higher-order signaling. When PUSCH transmission operates by configured grant, parameters applied to PUSCH transmission are applied through configuredGrantConfig of higher-order signaling of [Table 14] except dataScramblingIdentityPUSCH, txConfig, codebookSubset, maxRank, scaling of UCI-OnPUSCH which are provided by pusch-Config of [Table 15].

[0232] If the terminal has been provided with transformPrecoder in configuredGrantConfig, which is the upper signaling of [Table 14], the terminal applies tp-pi2BPSK in pusch-Config of [Table 15] to PUSCH transmission operated by the configured grant.

[0233] [Table 14]

[0234]

[0235]

[0236] Next, the PUSCH transmission method is described. The DMRS antenna port for PUSCH transmission is the same as the antenna port for SRS transmission. PUSCH transmission can follow a codebook-based transmission method or a non-codebook-based transmission method, depending on whether the value of txConfig in the upper signaling, pusch-Config in [Table 141], is 'codebook' or 'nonCodebook'.

[0237] As described above, PUSCH transmissions can be dynamically scheduled via DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, and can be semi-statically set by a configured grant.

[0238] If the UE is instructed to schedule PUSCH transmission via DCI format 0_0, the UE performs beam configuration for PUSCH transmission using pucch-spatialRelationInfoID corresponding to the UE-specific PUCCH resource corresponding to the minimum ID within the activated uplink BWP within the serving cell, and the PUSCH transmission is based on a single antenna port. The UE does not expect scheduling for PUSCH transmission via DCI format 0_0 within a BWP where a PUCCH resource including pucch-spatialRelationInfo is not configured.

[0239] If the terminal does not set txConfig in pusch-Config of [Table 15], the terminal does not expect to be scheduled in DCI format 0_1.

[0240] [Table 15]

[0241]

[0242]

[0243] Next, we describe codebook-based PUSCH transmission. Codebook-based PUSCH transmission can be dynamically scheduled via DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, and can operate semi-statically based on a configured grant. When codebook-based PUSCH is dynamically scheduled via DCI format 0_1 ​​or semi-statically configured via a configured grant, the UE determines a precoder for PUSCH transmission based on the SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Transmission Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI), and transmission rank (the number of PUSCH transmission layers).

[0244] At this time, the SRI can be given through the SRS resource indicator field in the DCI or configured through the srs-ResourceIndicator higher-level signaling. The UE is configured with at least one SRS resource when transmitting a codebook-based PUSCH, and can be configured with up to two. When the UE receives an SRI through the DCI, the SRS resource indicated by the SRI refers to the SRS resource corresponding to the SRI among the SRS resources transmitted before the PDCCH containing the SRI. In addition, the TPMI and transmission rank can be given through the precoding information and number of layers fields in the DCI or configured through the precodingAndNumberOfLayers higher-level signaling. The TPMI is used to indicate the precoder applied to the PUSCH transmission. If the UE is configured with one SRS resource, the TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied to the configured one SRS resource. When a terminal is configured with multiple SRS resources, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied in the SRS resource indicated through SRI.

[0245] The precoder to be used for PUSCH transmission is selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the nrofSRS-Ports value in the upper layer signaling, SRS-Config. In codebook-based PUSCH transmission, the UE determines the codebook subset based on the TPMI and codebookSubset in the upper layer signaling, pusch-Config. The codebookSubset in the upper layer signaling, pusch-Config, can be set to one of 'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent', 'partialAndNonCoherent', or 'nonCoherent' based on the UE capability reported by the UE to the base station. If the UE reported 'partialAndNonCoherent' as the UE capability, the UE does not expect the value of codebookSubset in the upper layer signaling to be set to 'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent'. Additionally, if the UE reports 'nonCoherent' as the UE capability, the UE does not expect the value of the upper signaling codebookSubset to be set to 'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent' or 'partialAndNonCoherent'. If nrofSRS-Ports in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet points to two SRS antenna ports, the UE does not expect the value of the upper signaling codebookSubset to be set to 'partialAndNonCoherent'.

[0246] The terminal can be configured with one SRS resource set in which the usage value in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet is set to 'codebook', and one SRS resource in the SRS resource set can be indicated via SRI. If multiple SRS resources are configured in the SRS resource set in which the usage value in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet is set to 'codebook', the terminal expects that the value of nrofSRS-Ports in the upper signaling SRS-Resource is set to the same value for all SRS resources.

[0247] The terminal transmits to the base station one or more SRS resources included in the SRS resource set in which the usage value is set to 'codebook' according to upper signaling, and the base station selects one of the SRS resources transmitted by the terminal and instructs the terminal to perform PUSCH transmission using transmission beam information of the corresponding SRS resource. At this time, in codebook-based PUSCH transmission, the SRI is used as information for selecting an index of one SRS resource and is included in the DCI. Additionally, the base station includes in the DCI information indicating the TPMI and rank to be used by the terminal for PUSCH transmission. The terminal performs PUSCH transmission by applying the indicated rank and the precoder indicated by the TPMI based on the transmission beam of the corresponding SRS resource using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI.

[0248] Next, we describe non-codebook-based PUSCH transmission. Non-codebook-based PUSCH transmission can be dynamically scheduled via DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, and can operate semi-statically based on a configured grant. If at least one SRS resource is configured within an SRS resource set in which the usage value in the upper signaling, SRS-ResourceSet, is set to 'nonCodebook', the UE can be scheduled for non-codebook-based PUSCH transmission via DCI format 0_1.

[0249] For an SRS resource set in which the usage value in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet is set to 'nonCodebook', the UE can be configured with one connected NZP CSI-RS resource (non-zero power CSI-RS). The UE can perform calculations for a precoder for SRS transmission by measuring the NZP CSI-RS resource connected to the SRS resource set. If the difference between the last received symbol of the aperiodic NZP CSI-RS resource connected to the SRS resource set and the first symbol of the aperiodic SRS transmission at the UE is less than 42 symbols, the UE does not expect information on the precoder for SRS transmission to be updated.

[0250] If the value of resourceType in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet is set to 'aperiodic', the connected NZP CSI-RS is indicated by the SRS request field in DCI format 0_1 ​​or 1_1. At this time, if the connected NZP CSI-RS resource is an aperiodic NZP CSI-RS resource, the presence of the connected NZP CSI-RS is indicated when the value of the SRS request field in DCI format 0_1 ​​or 1_1 is not '00'. At this time, the DCI must not indicate cross-carrier or cross BWP scheduling. In addition, if the value of the SRS request indicates the presence of an NZP CSI-RS, the NZP CSI-RS is located in the slot in which the PDCCH including the SRS request field is transmitted. At this time, the TCI states set for the scheduled subcarriers are not set to QCL-TypeD.

[0251] If a periodic or semi-persistent SRS resource set is configured, the associated NZP CSI-RS can be indicated through the associatedCSI-RS in the upper-level signaling SRS-ResourceSet. For non-codebook-based transmission, the UE does not expect the upper-level signaling spatialRelationInfo for the SRS resource and the associatedCSI-RS in the upper-level signaling SRS-ResourceSet to be configured together.

[0252] When multiple SRS resources are configured, the UE can determine the precoder and transmission rank to be applied to PUSCH transmission based on the SRI indicated by the base station. At this time, the SRI can be indicated through the SRS resource indicator field in the DCI or set through the upper signaling srs-ResourceIndicator. Similar to the codebook-based PUSCH transmission described above, when the UE receives an SRI through the DCI, the SRS resource indicated by the SRI refers to the SRS resource corresponding to the SRI among the SRS resources transmitted before the PDCCH containing the SRI. The UE can use one or more SRS resources for SRS transmission, and the maximum number of SRS resources that can be simultaneously transmitted in the same symbol within one SRS resource set and the maximum number of SRS resources are determined by the UE capability reported by the UE to the base station. At this time, the SRS resources that the UE simultaneously transmits occupy the same RB. The UE configures one SRS port for each SRS resource. Only one SRS resource set with the usage value set to 'nonCodebook' in the upper signaling SRS-ResourceSet can be set, and up to four SRS resources for non-codebook based PUSCH transmission can be set.

[0253] The base station transmits one NZP-CSI-RS associated with an SRS resource set to the terminal, and the terminal calculates a precoder to be used when transmitting one or more SRS resources within the SRS resource set based on the result measured upon reception of the NZP-CSI-RS. When the terminal transmits one or more SRS resources within the SRS resource set with usage set to 'nonCodebook' to the base station, the terminal applies the calculated precoder, and the base station selects one or more SRS resources from the received one or more SRS resources. At this time, in non-codebook based PUSCH transmission, the SRI represents an index that can express a combination of one or more SRS resources, and the SRI is included in the DCI. At this time, the number of SRS resources indicated by the SRI transmitted by the base station can be the number of transmission layers of the PUSCH, and the terminal transmits the PUSCH by applying the precoder applied to SRS resource transmission to each layer.

[0254] [ISAC related]

[0255] Meanwhile, 3GPP is conducting research on NR-based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. ISAC systems are wireless sensing technologies based on radio frequency (RF) signals used by mobile communication entities (base stations or terminals). Specifically, a transmitter transmits an RF signal, and a receiver with sensing capabilities receives the signal after it passes through physical objects along the signal path (reflected, scattered, and transmitted). This signal is then processed by a digital signal processing algorithm (evaluating information parameters such as signal intensity, delay, Doppler, or angular spectrum) to enable object recognition. This enables the extraction of features such as object position, velocity, and geometric information, and the acquisition of context-sensitive information for various applications. This enables the provision of new functions and services, such as object detection, object recognition (humans, vehicles, animals, or aircraft), high-precision positioning, tracking, and activity recognition. This ISAC designation may also be referred to as Joint communication and sensing (JCAS) and JRC2LS (Joint Radar, Communication, Computation, Localization, Sensing).

[0256] As mentioned above, the entity of wireless sensing in the ISAC system may be identical to the entity of mobile communication. That is, the entity of wireless sensing may be a base station or a terminal. In the ISAC system, a sensing transmitter refers to a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal in sensing service operation.

[0257] A sensing receiver refers to a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal in sensing service operation.

[0258] A sensing target refers to an object or subject that must be detected by deriving its characteristics from a sensing signal.

[0259] Monostatic sensing means that the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver coexist in the base station or terminal.

[0260] Bistatic sensing means that the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals.

[0261] A sensing signal refers to an RF signal of a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0262] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing method and mode according to a sensing transmitter and receiver of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0263] FIG. 10 includes FIG. 10 (a), FIG. 10 (b), FIG. 10 (c), FIG. 10 (d), FIG. 10 (e), and FIG. 10 (f).

[0264] In Fig. 10(a), a base station monostatic sensing method and mode in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver coexist in a base station (1001) is illustrated. A sensing signal (1002) is transmitted from a sensing transmitter located in the base station (1001). The signal reaches a sensing target (1004) and undergoes phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. A receiver located in the same base station as the sensing transmitter can receive this signal (1003) and detect the sensing target through a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0265] In Fig. 10(b), a terminal monostatic sensing method and mode in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver coexist in a terminal (1005) is illustrated. A sensing signal (1006) is transmitted from a sensing transmitter located in the terminal (1005). The signal reaches a sensing target (1008) and undergoes phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. A receiver located in the same base station as the sensing transmitter can receive this signal (1007) and detect the sensing target through a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0266] In Fig. 10(c), a base station bistatic sensing method and mode in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver are located at different base stations is illustrated. A sensing signal (1012) is transmitted from a base station (1010) in which a sensing transmitter is located. The signal reaches a sensing target (1014) and undergoes phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. A receiver located at a different base station (1011) from the base station in which the sensing transmitter is located can receive this signal (1013) and detect the sensing target using a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0267] In Fig. 10(d), a terminal bistatic sensing method and mode in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver are located at different terminals is illustrated. A sensing signal (1017) is transmitted from a terminal (1015) in which a sensing transmitter is located. The signal reaches a sensing target (1019) and undergoes phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. A receiver located at a terminal (1016) different from the terminal in which the sensing transmitter is located can receive this signal (1018) and detect the sensing target through a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0268] In Fig. 10(e), a base station-terminal bistatic sensing method and mode in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver are located at different base stations and terminals is illustrated. A sensing signal (1022) is transmitted from a base station (1020) where a sensing transmitter is located. The signal reaches a sensing target (1024) and experiences phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. Unlike the base station where the sensing transmitter is located, a receiver located at a terminal (1021) can receive this signal (1023) and detect the sensing target using a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0269] In Fig. 10(f), a terminal-base station bistatic sensing method and mode is illustrated, in which a sensing transmitter and a receiver are located at different terminals and base stations. A sensing signal (1027) is transmitted from a terminal (1025) where a sensing transmitter is located. The signal reaches a sensing target (1029) and experiences phenomena such as reflection, scattering, and transmission. Unlike the terminal where the sensing transmitter is located, a receiver located at a base station (1026) can receive this signal (1028) and detect the sensing target using a sensing-specific algorithm.

[0270] [PWS related]

[0271] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a public warning system based on a 5G network architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0272] According to Figure 11, the Emergency Broadcast Entity (CBE, 1101) is a function outside the 3GPP standard, but it is assumed that it identifies emergency situations and creates a message protocol that can be transmitted to the 3GPP core network. The CBE (1101) prepares an Emergency Broadcast Request based on information sources such as a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) or a regulatory agency. This request includes information such as the 'alert type,' 'alert message,' 'affected area,' and 'period.' This Emergency Broadcast Request is forwarded to the CBCF (1107).

[0273] Next, the Communication Breakdown Function (CBCF) (and / or Public Warning System Interworking Function (PWS-IWF)) (1102) functions as a node within the 5G core network. The CBCF (1102) transmits (1108) a message called WriteReplaceWarningRequest including forwarding attributes along with an emergency warning message to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). At this time, the attributes to be transmitted may include a 'message identifier', a 'serial number', a 'tracking area ID list', a 'warning area', a 'CWM (Conditional Warning Method) indicator', and 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication'. The CBCF (1102) selects an AMF (1103) associated with the affected area.

[0274] AMF (1103) notifies CBCF (1102) that it has started distributing warning messages to each gNB in ​​the NG-RAN by sending a WriteReplaceWarningConfirm message (1109). After receiving all WriteReplaceWarningConfirm messages, CBCF (1102) notifies CBE (1101) that distribution of warning messages has started through an Emergency Broadcast Response (1110).

[0275] AMF (1103) can forward (1111) WriteReplaceWarningRequest to the NG-RAN node.

[0276] The NG-RAN node receives this message and distributes it to specific base stations to broadcast (1112) SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 scheduling information including SIB 1 update.

[0277] The terminal can decode the updated SIB1. The system information may include SIB6 or SIB7 information, which may contain an Earthquake Tsunami Warning system (ETWS) alert message. Additionally, the system information may include SIB8 information, which may contain a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) alert message. The terminal can check the alert message through the received system information (1114).

[0278] Finally, the NG-RAN node (1104) determines the success or failure of the warning message transmission by transmitting a WriteReplaceWarningResponse message to the AMF (1113), and a tracking record is created accordingly (1116). In addition, the AMF notifies the CBCF of a Write-Replace Warning Indication (1115), which may be an optional message exchange process.

[0279] The behavior between the gNB and the UE is as follows. The UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state shall monitor SI change indication in its own paging event for each DRX cycle. The UE in RRC_CONNECTED state shall monitor SI change indication in any paging event at least once per modification period if the UE provides a common search space including pagingSearchSpace, searchSpaceSIB1, and searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation to monitor paging in the active BWP.

[0280] An ETWS or CMAS capable UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state shall monitor its own paging event for an indication of PWS notification in each DRX cycle. An ETWS or CMAS capable UE in RRC_CONNECTED state shall monitor PWS notification in any paging event at least once per defaultPagingCycle if the UE provides a common search space including pagingSearchSpace, searchSpaceSIB1, and searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation to monitor paging in active BWP.

[0281] A base station is an entity that performs resource allocation of terminals, and acts as a sensing transmitter or receiver, and may be at least one of a gNode B, a gNB, an eNode B, a Node B, a BS (Base Station), a wireless access unit, a base station controller, or a node on a network. The terminal may include a UE (User Equipment), an MS (Mobile Station), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing a communication function, and may be an entity that acts as a sensing transmitter or receiver in an ISAC system. Although the embodiments of the present disclosure are described below using a 5G system as an example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having a similar technical background or channel type. For example, this may include LTE or LTE-A mobile communication and mobile communication technologies developed after 5G and 6G. In addition, non-3GPP-based sensing is a case where the characteristics of an object and its environment are determined using information from non-3GPP sensors. Such non-3GPP sensors may include radar cameras or Wi-Fi sensing. While this type of sensing mechanism is not considered in this specification, if possible, non-3GPP sensing data from these non-3GPP sensors can be used in 5G / 6G wireless sensing to obtain improved sensing results or utilize other methods to enhance sensing services. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to other communication systems with some modifications, as determined by those skilled in the art, without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The contents of the present disclosure are applicable to FDD and TDD systems.

[0282] Additionally, when describing the present disclosure, detailed descriptions of related functions or configurations will be omitted if they are deemed to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terms described below are defined based on the functions of the present disclosure and may vary depending on the intent or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, their definitions should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

[0283] In the following description of the present disclosure, upper layer signaling may be signaling corresponding to at least one or a combination of one or more of the following signaling.

[0284] - MIB (Master Information Block)

[0285] - SIB (System Information Block) or SIB

[0286] - RRC (Radio Resource Control)

[0287] - MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element)

[0288] In addition, L1 signaling may be signaling corresponding to at least one or a combination of one or more signaling methods using the following physical layer channels or signaling.

[0289] - PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

[0290] - DCI (Downlink Control Information)

[0291] - UE-specific DCI

[0292] - Group common DCI

[0293] - Common DCI

[0294] - Scheduling DCI (e.g. DCI used for scheduling downlink or uplink data)

[0295] - Non-scheduled DCI (e.g. DCI not intended for scheduling downlink or uplink data)

[0296] - PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

[0297] - UCI (Uplink Control Information)

[0298] In the present disclosure, determining the priority between A and B may be referred to in various ways, such as selecting a higher priority according to a predetermined priority rule and performing an action corresponding to it, or omitting or dropping an action for a lower priority.

[0299] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the operation of a Transmission and reception point (TRP) in the present disclosure hereinafter may be understood as a base station including / operating a TRP operating based on or using the TRP.

[0300] In the following disclosure, the above examples are described through a number of embodiments, but they are not independent, and one or more embodiments may be applied simultaneously or in combination.

[0301] As described above, the 5G network architecture-based public warning system (PWS) can perform situational awareness and alert initiation at the CBE, as well as the allocation of alert areas and message reception by terminals in the 5G core network. CBE situational awareness and alert initiation are operations outside the network defined by 3GPP standards, utilizing CCTV or certain sensors appropriate for disaster situations rather than radio signals. Therefore, monitoring the situation in all areas of a region is somewhat limited. In contrast, the ISAC system utilizes RF signals used in existing communication systems to provide sensing services that recognize the presence of objects, recognize changes in conditions within cells, and identify and track object characteristics. Its primary goal is to utilize the collected sensing information to improve communication systems. These ISAC systems will be installed in the same locations as existing communication systems and will use the same frequency bands. Integrating these ISAC systems with PWS would enable cell-centric situational awareness compared to existing PWS and generate alert messages tailored to each cell's situation.

[0302] In the embodiments below, in the ISAC system, the configuration of the ISAC system in the base station and terminal, the ISAC system-based situational awareness method, the ISAC system-based PWS configuration method, and the ISAC system trigger-based alert message transmission and message configuration method are described in detail.

[0303] As a basic assumption of ISAC system operation, a base station can establish a sensing schedule for transmitting sensing signals to the sensing system and monitoring the sensing signals. The base station can configure cell-specific information for the terminal to operate the sensing system, and the terminal can operate sensing based on the base station's configuration information and / or instruction information. At this time, the terminal, like the base station, can transmit or monitor sensing signals.

[0304] <Example 1: ISAC system configuration within base station and terminal>

[0305] An ISAC system can be implemented in a single entity (base station or terminal) by a sensing system having a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver, and a sensing processing unit (control unit or processor), and a communication system having a communication transmitter, a communication receiver, and a communication processing unit (control unit or processor). The configuration of an ISAC system can vary depending on the sensing and communication methods implemented and operated.

[0306] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0307] Figure 12 includes Figures 12(a), 12(b) and 12(c).

[0308] According to Fig. 12(a), the ISAC system may be configured with a sensing system and a communication system separately. The sensing system may be configured with a sensing transmitter (1201), a sensing receiver (1202), and a sensing processor (1203).

[0309] For example, the sensing transmitter (1201) and receiver (1202) may have the function of transmitting / receiving sensing signals. Here, the sensing signal refers to a signal for the sole purpose of sensing. To this end, the sensing transmitter and receiver may be configured with an RF transmitter that increases and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and frequency-converts the received signal.

[0310] The sensing transmitter (1201) may transmit the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing processor (1203) to the object to be sensed via a wireless channel, and the sensing receiver (1202) may receive the signal that returns after being reflected, scattered, or refracted from the object. The sensing signal received by the sensing receiver (1202) in this way may be transmitted to the sensing processor (1203).

[0311] In addition, the communication system may be composed of a communication transmitter (1204), a communication receiver (1205), and a communication processor (1206). The communication receiver (1205) and a base station transmitter (1204) may include a transceiver, a memory (not shown), and a base station processor (1206, or base station control unit or processor).

[0312] According to the communication method of the base station described above, the base station's transceiver unit (1204, 1205), memory, and base station processing unit (1206) can operate.

[0313] Depending on the ISAC system configuration described above, the sensing and communication systems may have separate RF transceivers. Specifically, the sensing and communication systems may be separated into dedicated RF transceivers and communication RF transceivers, each connected to a separate processing unit. This system configuration allows for independent signal transmission, reception, and processing for sensing and communication, ensuring system operational flexibility.

[0314] According to Fig. 12(b), the ISAC system may have a configuration that shares some elements of the sensing system and the communication system.

[0315] The transmitter of the sensing system and the transmitter (1211) of the communication system can be implemented in the same device. The transmitter refers to an RF transmitter that increases and amplifies the frequency of a signal, and operates to transmit a signal through a wireless channel, so they can share the same device.

[0316] In addition, the receiver of the sensing system and the receiver (1213) of the communication system can be implemented in the same device. Depending on the signal transmitted from the processing unit of each system, the transmitter (1211) can transmit each signal via a wireless channel. For example, if a signal from the communication processing unit (1214) is transmitted to the sensing and communication transmitter (1211), the corresponding signal can be transmitted, and if a signal is transmitted from the sensing processing unit (1212), the corresponding signal can be transmitted.

[0317] The receiving unit refers to an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and frequency-downconverts a received signal, and operates to receive a signal transmitted through a wireless channel, so that the same receiving unit can be shared between the sensing system and the communication system. For example, if a signal is received by the sensing and communication receiving unit (1213), it can be transmitted to the sensing processing unit (1212) and / or the communication processing unit (1214). At this time, the sensing and communication receiving unit (1213) may include a device that can distinguish between a sensing signal and a communication signal, so that the pre-classified signal can be transmitted to each processing unit accordingly.

[0318] Alternatively, the sensing and communication receiving unit (1213) may not include a separate signal classification device. In this case, signals are transmitted to the sensing processing unit (1212) and the communication processing unit (1213), and signal classification can be performed separately in each processing unit. This system configuration can ensure ease of implementation because it uses the same RF transceiver.

[0319] According to Fig. 12(c), the ISAC system can share some elements of the sensing system and the communication system, and can also share a processing unit (1222) for processing sensing and communication signals. That is, the sensing and communication processing unit can be implemented in the form of a single chip.

[0320] The transmitter means an RF transmitter that increases and amplifies the frequency of a signal, and operates to transmit a signal through a wireless channel, so the same device (1221) can be shared.

[0321] Additionally, the receiver of the sensing system and the receiver (1223) of the communication system can be implemented in the same device.

[0322] Depending on the signal transmitted from the processing unit of each system, the transmitting unit (1221) can transmit each signal via a wireless channel. For example, if a signal from the sensing and communication processing unit (1222) is transmitted to the sensing and communication transmitting unit (1221), the corresponding signal can be transmitted.

[0323] The receiving unit refers to an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies the received signal and down-converts the frequency, and operates to receive a signal transmitted through a wireless channel, so that the same receiving unit can be shared between the sensing system and the communication system. For example, if a signal is received by the sensing and communication receiving unit (1223), it can be transmitted to the sensing and communication processing unit (1222). At this time, the sensing and communication receiving unit (1223) may include a device that can distinguish between a sensing signal and a communication signal, and a pre-classified signal can be transmitted to the processing unit through this. Alternatively, the sensing and communication receiving unit (1223) may not include a separate signal distinguishing device. In this case, the signal is transmitted to the sensing and communication processing unit (1222), and the signal can be distinguished by performing a separate classification process within the processing unit.

[0324] An ISAC system can have a sensing system and a communication system coexist in a single entity (base station or terminal). However, this does not mean that a single ISAC entity has a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver for the sensing system. Depending on the implementation, at least one sensing transmitter and one sensing receiver may be implemented. For example, there may be a base station or terminal that implements an ISAC system having only a sensing reception function. Such a base station or terminal does not transmit a separate sensing signal and can only receive the sensing signal. As another example, there may be a base station or terminal that implements an ISAC system having only a sensing transmission function. Such a base station or terminal does not receive a separate sensing signal and can only transmit the sensing signal.

[0325] At least one of the sensing transmitter, the sensing receiver, and the sensing processor of the ISAC system can be implemented at a transmission point (i.e., a transmission and reception point (TRP) operated by a base station). In one approach, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver can be implemented in the TRP, and the sensing processor can be implemented as a component of the base station operating the TRP. For example, the sensing processor in the base station can transmit a sensing signal to a TRP connected to the base station, and the sensing transmitter in the TRP can transmit the sensing signal. The sensing receiver in the TRP can receive a sensing signal received over a wireless channel and transmit the signal to the sensing processor in the base station. In another approach, the entire sensing transmitter, the sensing receiver, and the sensing processor can be implemented in the TRP.

[0326] <Second Embodiment: ISAC System Resource Setting Method>

[0327] Base stations supporting the ISAC system can perform cell-specific / terminal-specific scheduling based on the frame structure of the existing communication system to operate the sensing system.

[0328] For example, in addition to the existing unpaired spectrum (or time division duplex, TDD) or paired spectrum (or frequency division duplex, FDD) frame structure types, another frame structure type (e.g., frame structure type 2) may be introduced to define the operation of the sensing system. The frame structure type 2 may be defined to be supported at the specific frequency or frequency band, or the base station may indicate to the terminal whether the sensing system is supported as system information. The terminal supporting the sensing system may receive the system information including whether the sensing system is supported, and determine whether the sensing system is supported at the specific cell (or frequency, frequency band).

[0329] For example, it may be indicated whether the sensing system operation is additionally supported at a specific frequency or frequency band of an existing unpaired spectrum (or TDD) without defining a new frame structure type. In the second method, it may be defined whether the sensing system resource configuration is additionally supported at a specific frequency or frequency band of an existing unpaired spectrum, or the base station may indicate to the terminal whether the sensing system is supported through system information. The terminal supporting the sensing system may receive the system information including whether the sensing system is supported and determine whether the sensing system is supported in the specific cell (or frequency, frequency band).

[0330] In the examples described above, the information on whether the sensing system is supported may be information that indirectly indicates whether the sensing system is supported by additionally setting a part of the downlink resource, a part of the flexible resource, or a part of the uplink resource as a sensing system resource in addition to the setting of the TDD UL (uplink)-DL (downlink) resource configuration information indicating the downlink slot (or symbol) resource and the uplink slot (or symbol) resource of TDD, or may be information that directly indicates whether the sensing system is supported.

[0331] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of how sensing system resources are operated in a TDD band of an ISAC system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0332] Figure 13 includes Figures 13(a), 13(b) and 13(c).

[0333] In Fig. 13, it can be assumed that the DDDSU slot format is set according to the TDD UL-DL resource configuration information. Here, 'D' is a slot composed entirely of downlink symbols, 'U' is a slot composed entirely of uplink symbols, and 'S' is a slot that is not 'D' or 'U', that is, a slot that includes a downlink symbol or an uplink symbol or a flexible symbol. Here, for convenience, it can be assumed that S is composed of 12 downlink symbols and 2 flexible symbols. In addition, the DDDSU slot format can be repeated according to the TDD UL-DL resource configuration information. That is, the repetition period of the TDD configuration can be 5 slots (5 ms for 15 kHz SCS, 2.5 ms for 30 kHz SCS, etc.).

[0334] Fig. 13(a) illustrates a case where TDD is operated in a specific frequency band. In a cell where TDD is operated, a base station can transmit and receive signals including data / control information in downlink slots (or symbols), uplink slots (or symbols) (1201), and flexible slots (or symbols) based on settings for TDD UL-DL resource configuration information indicating downlink slot (or symbol) resources and uplink slot (or symbol) resources of an existing TDD terminal and TDD.

[0335] Next, FIG. 13(b) and FIG. 13(c) illustrate a case where a sensing system on TDD operates in a specific frequency band.

[0336] The base station can set some of the downlink resources, uplink resources, or flexible resources as resources for sensing system operation in the TDD UL-DL resource configuration information as cell-specific information.

[0337] Fig. 13(b) illustrates an example in which a portion of downlink resources among TDD UL-DL resource configuration information is allocated as resources for sensing system operation. According to Fig. 13(b), the TDD UL-DL resource configuration is repeated according to TDD periodicity (1316). Sensing operation resources (slot unit or symbol unit, 1314) are cell-specific information and can be set together with the period (1315) setting. Through this setting, the base station can operate the sensing system for each repeating period (1315). The base station can perform separate resource setting for sensing service-specific operation on the TDD UL-DL resource configuration and cell-specific sensing system resources.

[0338] Fig. 13(c) illustrates an example of a resource allocation method for sensing service-specific operation on TDD UL-DL resource configuration information and cell-specific sensing system resources. According to Fig. 13(c), the TDD UL-DL resource configuration is repeated according to TDD periodicity (1328). Sensing operation resources (slot units or symbol units, 1324) are cell-specific information and can be set together with the period (1326) setting. Through this setting, the base station can operate the sensing system for each repeating period (1326). In addition, in order to operate as a specific sensing service, a sensing service-specific resource (1325) having a periodicity (1327) can be separately set on the cell-specific sensing system operation resources (1324). At this time, the period (1327) of the sensing service specific resource (1325) may be greater than or equal to the period (1326) of the cell specific sensing system resource (1324).

[0339] <Third Embodiment: Cell Emergency Recognition Method in the ISAC System>

[0340] Base stations operating the ISAC system can monitor changes in the ground surface and recognize emergencies through sensing capabilities. Base stations are assumed to have prior knowledge of geographic location and ground surface information (e.g., ground elevation). Furthermore, they can monitor the ground surface at each sensing cycle using predefined sensing resources. If the ground surface rises due to sudden rainfall within the cell, the base station can recognize this as a flood-like phenomenon.

[0341] Alternatively, a base station operating an ISAC system can monitor changes in the ground surface through sensing capabilities and recognize heavy snowfall within the cell. The base station is assumed to have prior knowledge of geographic location, ground surface information (e.g., ground elevation), and weather data. Furthermore, the base station can monitor the ground surface at each sensing cycle using configured sensing resources. The base station can recognize that the ground surface height is rising due to heavy snowfall within the cell.

[0342] Alternatively, a base station operating an ISAC system can monitor the number of users within a cell through sensing capabilities and recognize emergencies. It is assumed that the base station already possesses statistical information on the average number of users within the cell or frequently crowded areas. The base station can monitor a set area (e.g., a specific beam resource) at each sensing cycle using a set of sensing resources. The base station can recognize a sudden surge of users within the cell.

[0343] On the other hand, a base station operating an ISAC system can transmit sensing signals using a sensing transmitter from a set of sensing resources, and can receive signals that are reflected, scattered, or refracted by a specific object using a sensing receiver. However, the base station may need a separate function to convert the received sensing signals into meaningful information that can serve as indicators of each emergency situation and to determine the emergency situation.

[0344] In one method, a base station in a 5G or 6G system transmits sensing data collected through a sensing function to a core network, and the core network may have a separate server that can process the sensing data to obtain sensing results (e.g., emergency situation information and judgment). That is, the base station only performs the function of transmitting a sensing signal, receiving the signal that is reflected, scattered, or refracted by an object, and transmitting it to the 5G / 6G system, and functions such as emergency situation type within the cell, recognition, and judgment can be performed by a separate sensing server. In addition, sensing activation / deactivation of the base station, sensing resource configuration, and scheduling can be configured and instructed by the sensing server within the 5G / 6G system.

[0345] Alternatively, a base station can collect sensing data through sensing functions and perform at least one of the following functions: recognizing or determining the type of emergency situation. Specifically, the base station can transmit sensing signals and receive signals that pass through objects and return. Based on these received signals, the base station can also recognize the type of emergency situation or independently determine whether an emergency situation exists. The base station can then transmit these sensing results to the 5G / 6G system and core network.

[0346] <Fourth Embodiment: ISAC System-Based PWS Configuration Method>

[0347] The following examples detail the connectivity and operation methods between a base station, a core network, and a central broadcast entity (CBE) for an ISAC system-based PWS.

[0348] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0349] According to FIG. 14, an NG-RAN node (1404) can recognize (1418) an emergency situation of a cell using the ISAC system and report (1417) the emergency situation to the CBE (1401). That is, the NG-RAN node (1404) can operate as one sensor of the CBE (1401). The NG-RAN node (1404) means that it includes a base station and a part of the core network.

[0350] The NG-RAN node (1404) operating the ISAC system can monitor the state within the cell based on configured resources and cycles. The NG-RAN node (1404) operating the ISAC system can recognize (1418) an emergency situation through sensing results within the cell.

[0351] The NG-RAN node (1404) that recognizes the above emergency situation can generate an emergency situation report message in accordance with a pre-arranged message format to report the emergency situation to the CBE (1401) and report it to the CBE (1401) (1417).

[0352] CBE (1401) can recognize the emergency situation of the corresponding cell reported from the NG-RAN node (1404) and perform an emergency situation alert decision.

[0353] The CBE (1401) prepares an Emergency Broadcast Request based on the information reported from the NG-RAN node (1404). This request includes information such as the "alert type," "alert message," "affected area," and "period." This Emergency Broadcast Request is forwarded to the CBCF (1407).

[0354] Next, the CBCF (and / or PWS-IWF) (1402) functions as a node within the 5G core network. The CBCF (1402) transmits (1408) a message called WriteReplaceWarningRequest including forwarding attributes along with an emergency warning message to the AMF (1403). At this time, the forwarded attributes may include a 'message identifier', a 'serial number', a 'list of tracking area IDs', a 'warning area', a 'Conditional Warning Method (CWM) indicator', and 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication'. The CBCF (1402) selects an AMF (1403) associated with the affected area.

[0355] AMF (1403) notifies CBCF (1402) that it has started distributing warning messages to each base station in the NG-RAN by sending a WriteReplaceWarningConfirm message (1409). After receiving all WriteReplaceWarningConfirm messages, CBCF notifies CBE that distribution of warning messages has started through an Emergency Broadcast Response (1410).

[0356] AMF (1403) can forward (1411) WriteReplaceWarningRequest to NG-RAN node (1404).

[0357] The NG-RAN node receives this message and distributes it to specific base stations to broadcast (1412) SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 scheduling information including SIB 1 update. At this time, the base station receiving the message may be the base station reporting the emergency situation. The terminal can decode the updated SIB1. The system information may include SIB6 or SIB7 information, which may contain an ETWS (Earthquake Tsunami Warning system) alert message. In addition, the system information may include SIB8 information, which may contain a CMAS (Commercial Mobile Alert System) alert message. Alternatively, it may be a newly defined system information broadcast (e.g., SIB#X).

[0358] The terminal (User Equipment, UE, 1405) can check the alarm message through the received system information (1414).

[0359] Finally, the base station determines the success or failure of the warning message transmission by transmitting a WriteReplaceWarningResponse message to the AMF (1413), and a tracking record is created accordingly (1416). In addition, the AMF notifies the CBCF of a Write-Replace Warning Indication (1415), which may be an optional message exchange process.

[0360] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0361] According to FIG. 15, an NG-RAN node (1504) can recognize (1520) an emergency situation of a cell using an ISAC system and report (1518) this to a server (1517) having a sensing-based emergency situation recognition and judgment function, and the server (1517) can report (1519) the emergency situation to the CBE (1501) through the emergency situation judgment. That is, the NG-RAN node (1504) can operate as one sensor of the CBE (1501) and the server (1517) having a sensing-based emergency situation recognition and judgment function. The NG-RAN node (1504) means that it includes a base station and a part of a core network.

[0362] The server (1517) may include, but is not limited to, a sensing management function.

[0363] The NG-RAN node (1504) operating the ISAC system can monitor the state within the cell based on the resources and cycles set. The NG-RAN node (1504) operating the ISAC system can recognize (1520) an emergency situation through the sensing results within the cell and report it to the server (1517). Alternatively, the base station of the NR-RAN node (1504) operating the ISAC system can only transmit and receive sensing signals, and only report the received signals to the server (1517).

[0364] The server (1517) may determine the emergency situation based on the sensing signal received from the NR-RAN node (1504). Alternatively, the server (1517) may recognize and determine the emergency situation based on the sensing signal received from the NR-RAN node (1504).

[0365] The above server (1517) can generate an emergency situation report message in accordance with a pre-arranged message format to report an emergency situation to the CBE (1501) and report it (1519) to the CBE (1501).

[0366] CBE (1501) can recognize the emergency situation of the cell reported from the NG-RAN node (1504) and perform an emergency situation alert decision.

[0367] The CBE (1501) prepares an Emergency Broadcast Request based on the information reported from the NG-RAN node (1504). This request includes information such as the "alert type," "alert message," "affected area," and "period." This Emergency Broadcast Request is forwarded to the CBCF (1507).

[0368] Next, the CBCF (and / or PWS-IWF) (1502) functions as a node within the 5G core network. The CBCF (1502) transmits (1508) a message called WriteReplaceWarningRequest including forwarding attributes along with an emergency warning message to the AMF (1503). At this time, the forwarded attributes may include a 'message identifier', a 'serial number', a 'list of tracking area IDs', a 'warning area', a 'Conditional Warning Method (CWM) indicator', and 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication'. The CBCF (1502) selects an AMF (1503) associated with the affected area.

[0369] AMF (1503) notifies CBCF (1502) that it has started distributing warning messages to each base station in the NG-RAN by sending a WriteReplaceWarningConfirm message (1509). After receiving all WriteReplaceWarningConfirm messages, CBCF notifies CBE that warning message distribution has started through an Emergency Broadcast Response (1510). AMF (1503) can forward a WriteReplaceWarningRequest to the NG-RAN node (1511).

[0370] The NG-RAN node receives this message and distributes it to specific base stations to broadcast (1512) SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 scheduling information including SIB 1 update. At this time, the base station receiving the message may be the base station reporting the emergency situation. The terminal can decode the updated SIB1. The system information may include SIB6 or SIB7 information, which may contain an ETWS (Earthquake Tsunami Warning system) alert message. In addition, the system information may include SIB8 information, which may contain a CMAS (Commercial Mobile Alert System) alert message. Alternatively, it may be a newly defined system information broadcast (e.g., SIB#X).

[0371] The terminal (1505) can check the alarm message through the received system information (1514).

[0372] Finally, the base station determines the success or failure of the warning message transmission by transmitting a WriteReplaceWarningResponse message to the AMF (1513), and a tracking record is created accordingly (1516). In addition, the AMF notifies the CBCF of a Write-Replace Warning Indication (1515), which may be an optional message exchange process.

[0373] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0374] According to FIG. 16, an NG-RAN node (1604) can recognize (1617) an emergency situation of a cell using an ISAC system, generate an emergency situation message and distribute it to the corresponding cell, and broadcast (1619) SIB scheduling information including SIB 1 update, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, or sensing emergency situation information.

[0375] The terminal (1605) can decode the updated SIB1. Thereafter, the terminal can check the alert message through the received SIIB6, SIB7, SIB8, or a separate SIB for sensing (1620). At the same time, the NG-RAN node (1604) can report an emergency situation to the CBE (1601) (1618). That is, the NG-RAN node (1604) can recognize and determine an emergency situation, can first broadcast an emergency situation alert to the cell where the emergency situation has occurred, and can simultaneously operate as a sensor of the CBE (1501). The NG-RAN node (1604) means that it includes a base station and a part of the core network.

[0376] The NG-RAN node (1604) operating the ISAC system can monitor the state within the cell based on the resources and cycles set. The NG-RAN node (1604) operating the ISAC system can recognize an emergency situation (1617) through the sensing results within the cell. The NG-RAN node (1604) that recognizes the emergency situation can determine the emergency situation and generate system information to alert (1619, 1620). In addition, the NG-RAN node (1604) that recognizes the emergency situation can generate an emergency situation report message according to a pre-arranged message format in order to report the emergency situation to the CBE (1601) and report it to the CBE (1601) (1618).

[0377] The CBE (1601) recognizes the emergency situation of the corresponding cell reported by the NG-RAN node (1604) and can perform emergency alert decisions. The CBE (1601) prepares an Emergency Broadcast Request based on the information reported by the NG-RAN node (1604). This request includes information such as the 'alert type,' 'alert message,' 'affected area,' and 'period.' This Emergency Broadcast Request is forwarded to the CBCF (1607).

[0378] Next, the CBCF (and / or PWS-IWF) (1602) functions as a node within the 5G core network. The CBCF (1602) transmits (1608) a message called WriteReplaceWarningRequest including forwarding attributes along with an emergency warning message to the AMF (1603). At this time, the forwarded attributes may include a 'message identifier', a 'serial number', a 'list of tracking area IDs', a 'warning area', a 'Conditional Warning Method (CWM) indicator', and 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication'. The CBCF (1602) selects an AMF (1603) associated with the affected area.

[0379] AMF (1603) notifies CBCF (1602) that it has started distributing warning messages to each base station in the NG-RAN by sending a WriteReplaceWarningConfirm message (1609). After receiving all WriteReplaceWarningConfirm messages, CBCF notifies CBE that distribution of warning messages has started through an Emergency Broadcast Response (1610).

[0380] AMF (1603) can forward (1611) a WriteReplaceWarningRequest to the NG-RAN node.

[0381] The NG-RAN node receives this message and distributes it to specific base stations to broadcast (1612) SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 scheduling information including SIB 1 update. At this time, the base station receiving the message may be the base station that reported the emergency situation. The terminal can decode the updated SIB1. The system information may include SIB6 or SIB7 information, which may contain an ETWS (Earthquake Tsunami Warning system) alert message. In addition, the system information may include SIB8 information, which may contain a CMAS (Commercial Mobile Alert System) alert message. Alternatively, it may be a newly defined system information broadcast (e.g., SIB#X).

[0382] The terminal (1605) can check the alarm message through the received system information (1614).

[0383] Finally, the base station determines the success or failure of the warning message transmission by transmitting a WriteReplaceWarningResponse message to the AMF (1613), and a tracking record is created accordingly (1616). In addition, the AMF notifies the CBCF of a Write-Replace Warning Indication (1615), which may be an optional message exchange process.

[0384] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a PWS configuration based on an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0385] According to FIG. 17, an NG-RAN node (1704) can recognize (1718) an emergency situation of a cell using the ISAC system and report (1719) this to a server (1717) equipped with a sensing-based emergency situation recognition and judgment function.

[0386] The server (1717) may include, but is not limited to, a sensing management function.

[0387] The above server (1717) can determine whether an emergency situation exists based on the emergency situation reported from the NG-RAN node (1704) and can issue an alarm instruction (1720) to the corresponding cell.

[0388] The NG-RAN node (1704) that receives an alert instruction from the above server (1717) can generate an emergency situation message and distribute it to the corresponding cell, and broadcast (1722) SIB scheduling information including SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, or sensing emergency situation information including SIB 1 update.

[0389] The terminal (1705) can decode the updated SIB1. The terminal can confirm the alarm message through the received system information (1723). At the same time, the server (1717) can report the emergency situation to the CBE (1701) (1721) after determining the emergency situation. The NG-RAN node (1704) refers to a node that includes a base station and a portion of the core network.

[0390] The NG-RAN node (1704) operating the ISAC system can monitor the state within the cell based on the resources and cycles set. The NG-RAN node (1704) operating the ISAC system can recognize (1718) an emergency situation through sensing results within the cell and report it to the server (1717). Alternatively, the NR-RAN node (1704) operating the ISAC system can only perform the role of transmitting and receiving sensing signals, and only perform the role of reporting the received signals to the server (1717).

[0391] The server (1717) may determine the emergency situation based on the sensing signal received from the NR-RAN node (1704). Alternatively, the server (1717) may recognize and determine the emergency situation based on the sensing signal received from the NR-RAN node (1704). The server (1717) may generate an emergency situation report message according to a pre-arranged message format in order to report the emergency situation to the CBE (1701) and report it to the CBE (1701) (1719). At the same time, the server (1717) may determine the emergency situation and instruct the NG-RAN node (1704) to perform an alarm (1720).

[0392] The NG-RAN node (1704) that receives the above emergency situation alert instruction can generate system information and alert it (1722, 1723).

[0393] The CBE (1701) recognizes the emergency situation of the corresponding cell reported by the NG-RAN node (1704) and can perform emergency alert decisions. The CBE (1701) prepares an Emergency Broadcast Request based on the information reported by the NG-RAN node (1704). This request includes information such as the 'alert type,' 'alert message,' 'affected area,' and 'period.' This Emergency Broadcast Request is forwarded to the CBCF (1707).

[0394] Next, the CBCF (and / or PWS-IWF) (1702) functions as a node within the 5G core network. The CBCF (1702) transmits (1708) a message called WriteReplaceWarningRequest including a forwarding attribute along with an emergency warning message to the AMF (1703). At this time, the forwarded attributes may include a 'message identifier', a 'serial number', a 'tracking area ID list', a 'warning area', a 'CWM (Conditional Warning Method) indicator', and 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication'. The CBCF (1702) selects an AMF (1703) associated with the affected area.

[0395] AMF (1703) notifies CBCF (1702) that it has started distributing warning messages to each base station in the NG-RAN by sending a WriteReplaceWarningConfirm message (1709).

[0396] Afterwards, after receiving all WriteReplaceWarningConfirm messages, CBCF notifies CBE that warning message distribution has begun through Emergency Broadcast Response (1710).

[0397] AMF (1703) transmits WriteReplaceWarningRequest to NG-RAN node (1711), and NG-RAN node receives this message and distributes it to specific base stations to broadcast SIB6, SIB7, or SIB8 scheduling information including SIB 1 update (1712). At this time, the base station that received the message may be the base station that reported the emergency situation.

[0398] The terminal (1705) can decode the updated SIB1. The system information may include SIB6 or SIB7 information, which may contain an Earthquake Tsunami Warning system (ETWS) alert message. In addition, the system information may include SIB8 information, which may contain a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) alert message. Alternatively, the system information may be a newly defined system information broadcast (e.g., SIB#X). The terminal (1705) can confirm the alert message through the received system information (1714).

[0399] Finally, the base station determines the success or failure of the warning message transmission by transmitting a WriteReplaceWarningResponse message to the AMF (1713), and a tracking record is created accordingly (1716). In addition, the AMF notifies the CBCF of a Write-Replace Warning Indication (1515), which may be an optional message exchange process.

[0400] Although the above-described path for reporting an emergency situation from the NG-RAN node to the CBE only refers to a direct path from the NG-RAN node to the CBE, at least one path among the server, AMF, and CBCF that performs sensing-based emergency situation judgment and instruction in the NG-RAN node may be included.

[0401] <Example 5: Method for Transmitting Alert Messages and Composing Messages Based on ISAC System Triggers>

[0402] An emergency situation report message transmitted from a base station operating an ISAC system to an NG-RAN node operating the base station may include at least one of 'sensing data or sensing results set by the NG-RAN node', 'alert type', 'alert message', 'affected area', 'cell ID', and 'emergency situation recognition start time'.

[0403] An emergency situation report message transmitted from an NG-RAN node including a base station operating an ISAC system to a server in charge of sensing-based emergency situation judgment and instructions may include at least one of 'configured sensing data or sensing results', 'alert type', 'alert message', 'affected area', 'cell ID', and 'emergency situation recognition start time' from the server.

[0404] An emergency situation report message transmitted to the CBE from an NG-RAN node including a base station operating the ISAC system or a server in charge of sensing-based emergency situation judgment instructions may include at least one of 'sensing result', 'warning type', 'warning message', 'affected area', 'cell ID', and 'emergency situation recognition start time' and 'report start time'.

[0405] The emergency alert message transmitted from the path of the CBE, CBCF, AMF, NG-RAN node, or the path of the base station operating the ISAC system in the NG-RAN node, or the server in charge of sensing-based emergency situation judgment and instruction to the path of the NG-RAN node may include 'alert type', 'alert message', 'affected area', and 'period'. Alternatively, the emergency alert message may be a message format including at least one of 'message identifier', 'serial number', 'tracking area ID list', 'warning area', 'CWM (Conditional Warning Method) indicator', 'Send Write-Replace-Warning-Indication', or 'alert type' according to the format defined by 3GPP.

[0406] In the emergency alert message described above, the alert type may include at least one field among a bit indicating the alert type, a bit indicating an emergency alert (alarm) to the terminal, or a bit indicating a pop-up on the terminal screen. The bit indicating the alert type may be a 7-bit string, and may include at least one alert type among tsunami, earthquake, tsunami and earthquake, flood, heavy snow, human casualty alert (surge in the number of users in the cell or human casualty alert), or test, depending on the value of each bit. The bit indicating an emergency alert to the terminal described above may be a binary 1-bit, and may include at least one field among no alert or terminal alarm activation, depending on the value of each bit. The emergency alert to the terminal described above may be at least one of an alarm or vibration, which may vary depending on the capabilities of the terminal. The bit indicating a pop-up on the terminal screen described above may be a binary 1-bit, and, depending on the value of each bit, may include at least one field of either no pop-up or terminal pop-up activation. The field of the emergency alert message described above may be in octet form, and other octet fields outside of each field may be left as padding.

[0407] When an ISAC system-based emergency alert message is sent to a terminal by an NG-RAN node or a server responsible for sensing-based emergency situation judgment and instruction, the message can be transmitted to the terminal via a new System Information Message (SIB). In this case, the newly defined SIB can be used for primary alert purposes, and the information in the SIB can include at least one of the following: 'sensing result', 'messageIdentifier indicating 'type and origin of emergency situation notification', 'serialNumber for 'recognizing change in emergency situation notification', and 'warningType or lateNonCriticalExtension for 'type of emergency situation notification and provision of information in terminal pop-up'. Alternatively, the newly defined SIB may be for complete alert purposes, and may include at least one of a messageIdentifier indicating a 'sensing result', a 'type and origin of an emergency notification', a serialNumber for 'recognizing a change in an emergency notification', a warningType for 'providing information on the type of emergency notification and a terminal popup', a lateNonCriticalExtension, a warningMessageSegementType indicating 'whether the emergency alert message segment is the last segment', a warningMessageSegementNumber indicating 'numbering of the emergency alert message segments included in the SIB', a warningMessageSegement indicating a 'segment of an alert message', or a warningAreaCoordinatesSegment indicating a 'segment indicating a geographical location'.

[0408] When an ISAC system-based emergency alert message is sent from an NG-RAN node or a server in charge of sensing-based emergency situation judgment and instruction, a paging operation can be performed to transmit an SIB to a terminal, and the paging described above can be a sensing-based emergency situation alert dedicated RNTI and a CRC-scrambled DCI. The terminal can monitor the sensing-based emergency situation alert dedicated RNTI and the CRC-scrambled DCI described above, and when receiving the DCI, can receive an SIB and an SIB including an emergency situation alert message.

[0409] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0410] Referring to FIG. 18, the terminal may include a transceiver, which refers to a terminal receiving unit (1800) and a terminal transmitting unit (1810), a memory (not shown), and a terminal processing unit (1805, or a terminal control unit or processor). Depending on the communication method of the terminal described above, the transceiver units (1800, 1810), the memory, and the terminal processing unit (1805) of the terminal may operate. However, the components of the terminal are not limited to the examples described above. For example, the terminal may include more or fewer components than the components described above. In addition, the transceiver unit, the memory, and the processor may be implemented in the form of a single chip.

[0411] A transceiver unit can transmit and receive signals to and from a base station. The signals may include control information and data. To this end, the transceiver unit may include an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and down-converts the frequency of a received signal. However, this is only one embodiment of the transceiver unit, and the components of the transceiver unit are not limited to the RF transmitter and RF receiver.

[0412] Additionally, the transceiver can receive a signal through a wireless channel and output it to the processor, and transmit a signal output from the processor through the wireless channel.

[0413] Memory can store programs and data necessary for the terminal's operation. Furthermore, memory can store control information or data included in signals transmitted and received by the terminal. Memory can be comprised of a storage medium, such as ROM, RAM, a hard disk, CD-ROM, or DVD, or a combination of such storage media. Furthermore, there can be multiple memories.

[0414] Additionally, the processor can control a series of processes to enable the terminal to operate according to the aforementioned embodiments. For example, the processor can receive DCI consisting of two layers and control components of the terminal to simultaneously receive multiple PDSCHs. There may be multiple processors, and the processors can perform terminal component control operations by executing programs stored in memory.

[0415] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0416] Referring to FIG. 19, the base station may include a transceiver, which refers to a base station receiver (1900) and a base station transmitter (1910), a memory (not shown), and a base station processor (1905, or a base station control unit or processor). According to the communication method of the base station described above, the transceiver (1900, 1910), the memory, and the base station processor (1905) of the base station may operate. However, the components of the base station are not limited to the examples described above. For example, the base station may include more or fewer components than the components described above. In addition, the transceiver, the memory, and the processor may be implemented in the form of a single chip.

[0417] The transceiver can transmit and receive signals with the terminal. Here, the signals may include control information and data. To this end, the transceiver may be configured with an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and down-converts the frequency of a received signal. However, this is only one embodiment of the transceiver, and the components of the transceiver are not limited to the RF transmitter and RF receiver.

[0418] Additionally, the transceiver can receive a signal through a wireless channel and output it to the processor, and transmit the signal output from the processor through the wireless channel.

[0419] The memory can store programs and data necessary for the operation of the base station. Furthermore, the memory can store control information or data included in signals transmitted and received by the base station. The memory can be comprised of a storage medium, such as ROM, RAM, a hard disk, CD-ROM, or DVD, or a combination of such storage media. Furthermore, there can be multiple memories.

[0420] The processor can control a series of processes to enable the base station to operate according to the embodiments of the present disclosure described above. For example, the processor can configure two layers of DCIs containing allocation information for multiple PDSCHs and control each component of the base station to transmit them. There may be multiple processors, and the processors can perform component control operations of the base station by executing programs stored in memory.

[0421] The methods according to the embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0422] When implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs (software modules) may be provided. The one or more programs stored in the computer-readable storage medium are configured for execution by one or more processors within an electronic device. The one or more programs include instructions that cause the electronic device to execute methods according to the embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure.

[0423] These programs (software modules, software) may be stored in random access memory, non-volatile memory including flash memory, read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disc storage device, compact disc ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs) or other forms of optical storage device, magnetic cassette. Or, they may be stored in a memory configured as a combination of some or all of these. In addition, each configuration memory may be included in multiple numbers.

[0424] Additionally, the program may be stored on an attachable storage device that is accessible via a communication network, such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide local area network (WLAN), a storage area network (SAN), or a combination thereof. Such a storage device may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure via an external port. Additionally, a separate storage device on the communication network may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0425] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, components included in the invention are expressed in the singular or plural form, depending on the specific embodiment presented. However, the singular or plural expressions are selected to suit the presented situation for convenience of explanation, and the present disclosure is not limited to singular or plural components. Components expressed in the plural form may be composed of singular elements, or components expressed in the singular form may be composed of plural elements.

[0426] Meanwhile, the embodiments of the present disclosure disclosed in this specification and drawings are only specific examples to easily explain the technical contents of the present disclosure and help understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other modifications based on the technical idea of ​​the present disclosure are possible. In addition, the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined and operated with each other as needed. For example, parts of one embodiment of the present disclosure and parts of another embodiment can be combined with each other to operate a base station and a terminal. For example, parts of the first to fifth embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with each other to operate a base station and a terminal. In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiments have been presented based on an FDD LTE system, other modifications based on the technical idea of ​​the above-mentioned embodiments can also be implemented in other systems, such as a TDD LTE system, a 5G or NR system.

[0427] Meanwhile, the order of description in the drawings explaining the method of the present invention does not necessarily correspond to the order of execution, and the order of precedence may be changed or executed in parallel.

[0428] Alternatively, the drawings illustrating the method of the present invention may omit some components and include only some components within a scope that does not harm the essence of the present invention.

[0429] In addition, the method of the present invention may be implemented by combining some or all of the contents included in each embodiment within a scope that does not harm the essence of the invention.

[0430] Various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. The foregoing description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure can be readily modified into other specific forms without altering the technical spirit or essential characteristics of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is indicated by the claims described below rather than the detailed description above, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0431] A method of operating a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of receiving a first signal from a base station.

[0432] A method of operating a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of recognizing whether an emergency situation has occurred based on the first signal.

[0433] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first signal may be a signal processed by the base station based on a second signal received by the base station from the core network.

[0434] A method of operating a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of receiving a second signal from a core network.

[0435] A method of operating a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of processing a second signal.

[0436] A method of operating a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a step of identifying whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell as a result of performing a sensing operation within the cell. The method may include a step of transmitting a report message regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell to a central broadcasting entity. The method may include a step of receiving an alert request message based on the occurrence of the emergency situation. The method may include a step of broadcasting the alert message through system information based on the alert request message.

[0437] In one embodiment, a report message regarding an emergency situation may be transmitted to a central broadcast entity via a server.

[0438] In one embodiment, the method can monitor the status of a cell based on preset resources and cycles. The method can identify whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell based on the monitoring results.

[0439] In one embodiment, the method may perform a sensing operation within a cell to receive a sensing signal. The method may transmit the received sensing signal to a server. The method may receive an alert execution instruction message from the server, including whether an emergency situation has occurred.

[0440] In one embodiment, the method may transmit an alert response message that includes whether the alert message transmission was successful.

[0441] In one embodiment, the system information may include an Earthquake Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) alert message or a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) information message.

[0442] In one embodiment, the system information may include at least one of SIB1, SIB6, SIB7, or SIB 8.

[0443] A method of operating a central broadcasting entity according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include receiving a report message from a base station indicating the occurrence of an emergency situation within a cell. The method may include determining whether to issue an alert for the emergency situation based on the report message. The method may include transmitting an alert request message for the emergency situation based on the determination result. The method may include receiving a response message including whether the alert message transmission was successful based on the alert request message for the emergency situation.

[0444] A base station performing communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a transceiver and at least one processor connected to the transceiver. The at least one processor may identify whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell as a result of performing a sensing operation within the cell. The at least one processor may transmit a report message regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell to a central broadcasting entity. The at least one processor may receive an alert request message based on the occurrence of an emergency situation. The at least one processor may broadcast an alert message through system information based on the alert request message.

[0445] While the detailed description of this disclosure has described specific embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the scope of the claims described below, but also by equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, A step of identifying whether an emergency situation has occurred in a cell as a result of performing a sensing operation within the cell; A step of transmitting a report message regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell to a Central Broadcast Entity (CBE); A step of receiving an alert request message based on the occurrence of the above emergency situation; and A method comprising: a step of broadcasting an alert message through system information based on the above alert request message; 2. In paragraph 1, A method in which a report message regarding the occurrence of the above emergency situation is transmitted to the CBE via a server.

3. In the first paragraph, the step of recognizing whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell is as follows: A step of monitoring the status of the cell based on preset resources and cycles; and A method comprising: a step of identifying whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell based on the monitoring results; 4. In paragraph 1, A step of performing a sensing operation within the above cell and receiving a sensing signal; A step of transmitting the received sensing signal to the server; and A method comprising: receiving an alarm execution instruction message including whether an emergency situation has occurred from the server; 5. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: transmitting an alert response message including whether the alert message transmission was successful; 6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above system information includes an Earthquake Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) alert message or a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) alert message.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above system information includes at least one of SIB1 (System Information Block 1), SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 information.

8. A method performed by a central broadcast entity (CBE) in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving a report message from a base station indicating the occurrence of an emergency situation within a cell; A step of determining whether to issue an alarm for an emergency situation based on the above report message; A step of transmitting an alert request message for an emergency situation based on the above decision result; and A method comprising: receiving a response message including whether the alert message transmission was successful based on the alert request message for the above emergency situation; 9. In paragraph 8, A method in which a report message indicating the above emergency situation is received through a server.

10. In paragraph 8, The above alarm message is broadcasted through system information, method.

11. In paragraph 10, A method wherein the above system information includes at least one of SIB1, SIB6, SIB7 or SIB8 information.

12. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the alert request message for the above emergency situation includes information about the alert type, alert message, relevant area information, and period.

13. In a base station performing communication in a wireless communication system, Transmitter and receiver; and At least one processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the at least one processor comprises: As a result of performing sensing operations within a cell, it is identified whether an emergency situation has occurred in the cell, Transmit a report message to the Central Broadcast Entity (CBE) regarding the occurrence of an emergency situation in the cell; Receive an alert request message based on the occurrence of the above emergency situation, A base station that broadcasts an alert message through system information based on the above alert request message.

14. In the 13th paragraph, the at least one processor, By performing a sensing operation within the above cell, a sensing signal is received, The above received sensing signal is transmitted to the server, A base station that receives an alarm execution instruction message including whether an emergency situation has occurred from the above server.

15. In the 13th paragraph, the at least one processor, A base station that transmits an alert response message including whether the above alert message transmission was successful.

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