Wireless communication method and apparatuses
The wireless communication method addresses inefficiencies in managing random access for diverse IoT devices by using frames to manage back-off slots and session identifiers, enhancing reliability and reducing collisions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101468
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies struggle to efficiently manage random access sessions in networks with devices having different capabilities and power constraints, such as Ambient Power (AMP) IoT devices, leading to collisions and inefficiencies.
A wireless communication method that includes transmitting frames to instruct nodes on random access sessions, specifying back-off slots and session identifiers to manage collisions and ensure efficient participation, with frames indicating eligibility and providing retransmission mechanisms to enhance reliability.
The method ensures organized and reliable random access for devices with varying capabilities, reducing collisions and improving the probability of successful communication, particularly in IoT environments.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024101468_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUSESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a wireless communication method and an apparatus, a device, a system and a storage medium.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Power (AMP) is an emerging technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group, focusing on integrating Ambient Power communication into IEEE 802.11 networks. The primary goal of AMP is to cater to the needs of Ambient Power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices, known as AMP IoT (Internet Of Things) STAs (stationary terminals) . These devices are designed to utilize energy harvesting technologies to significantly extend their battery life. The energy harvesting methods being explored include radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) , light-based power harvesting, motion-based power harvesting, and others. Due to hardware limitations and the requirement to minimize power consumption, AMP IoT STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth compared to traditional 802.11 STAs.
[0003] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication method applied to a receiving node, including:
[0005] receiving a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node;
[0006] participating in the random access according to the first frame.
[0007] According to the wireless communication method of the present disclosure, the transmitting node could win one or more transmission opportunities and share the won transmission opportunity (TXOP) with receiving nodes, so as to provide assistance for the receiving node (s) ’ random access. In addition, the method can accommodate nodes with different capabilities, including those not capable of supporting legacy 802.11 standard, making it versatile for use with a wide range of devices, especially in an IoT environment.
[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access. The back-off slot limit would enable the receiving node to know when the back-off slot following the first frame ends, this limit would help determining whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response, so that collision due to simultaneous transmissions which begin at the end of the at least one back-off slot would be avoided, such simultaneous transmissions may be, e.g., transmission of a next second frame from the transmitting node and transmission of a response from a receiving node.
[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session. The session identifier field allows nodes to maintain context throughout the duration of the random access session, even if there may be pauses or interruptions in communication. In cases where transmissions fail or need to be retransmitted, the session identifier field can help nodes recognize which session the retransmission belongs to, facilitating error recovery and maintaining communication integrity.
[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. By indicating the number of back-off slots using the first frame, the participating nodes can be ensured aware of the available opportunities to access the channel, facilitating an organized and efficient communication process within the random access session.
[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, where the participating in the random access according to the first frame includes:
[0012] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session and the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0013] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0014] By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response. The method may be particularly useful in networks where devices have different capabilities and power constraints, such as Ambient Power (AMP) IoT networks.
[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the determination of whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame includes:
[0016] when the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node is not greater than the back-off limit minus one, determining that the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0017] In this way, at least one back-off slot available for the receiving node can be ensured to be unused, and the receiving node can transmit its response, without worrying about the collision between transmission of a next poll frame from the transmitting node and transmission of its response, since at the transmitting side, the transmitting node receives the response and would control the transmission of the next poll frame to avoid such collision.
[0018] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a first duration covering an end of a frame carrying the first response. This means that the length field can be set to a value that accounts for the entire transmission time of that particular frame, ensuring that the timeframe for the response is clearly defined. In this way, a random access round can be robust against pre-emption by third party STAs.
[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0020] receiving a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session;
[0021] where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0022] When the transmitting node detects failed reception (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) in one or more back-off slots of a random access session, the transmitting node can initiate a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting a second frame, in this way, the reliability of the random access session is ensured.
[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, where the participating in the random access according to the first frame includes:
[0024] when the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the second frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0025] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0026] By introducing the second frame, more back-off slots are provided, so the initial transmission of the first response from the receiving node can occur based on the back-off slot following the second frame, a probability of success random access can be improved.
[0027] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the number of idle back-off slots is zero;
[0028] where the transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame includes:
[0029] transmitting the first response at a start of a leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0030] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0031] when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, retransmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0032] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a second preset number of back-off slots.
[0033] The second frame can be indicative of failed transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, so a retransmission can be initiated by using the second frame. Since the receiving node has transmitted in one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the indication of failed transmission in the second frame thus triggers the retransmission of the receiving node, thereby providing an efficient retransmission mechanism.
[0034] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second preset number of back-off slots is determined based on a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response, where the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response may be greater than a total number of back-off slots available for the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. In this way, the receiving node can be given more possible back-off slots for realizing retransmission of its response, which is more reasonable in view of the failure in the initial transmission.
[0035] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0036] receiving a third frame from a further receiving node, where the third frame carries a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame;
[0037] suspending channel sensing for a period based on the duration of the third frame.
[0038] By suspending channel sensing when the channel is known to be occupied, these devices can conserve power, which may be particularly important for devices that may have limited energy sources.
[0039] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame. This approach allows for more efficient use of the communication medium, especially in scenarios where the transmitting node has important information to convey and there is no immediate high-priority traffic detected.
[0040] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration. By reducing the duration of back-off slots and / or starting the back-off slots a bit earlier than SIFs, the initiating AMP STA can reduce the chances of TXOP hijacking by third party 802.11 STAs.
[0041] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the second frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0042] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the second frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0043] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session. The second session identifier can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential.
[0044] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. The inclusion of the second slot field can help the receiving nodes understand how many back-off slots will be available for their use following the second frame.
[0045] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed. The acknowledge field may indicate information that communicates the status of the transmission attempts made by receiving nodes during the back-off slots following the first frame.
[0046] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. The inclusion of the slot duration field in the first frame allows all participating nodes to understand the timing structure of the back-off slots, which can help for synchronization.
[0047] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the second frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0048] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the first frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0049] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node. By introducing the response type, more flexible random access can be achieved, the transmitting node can set the response type according to actual needs.
[0050] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node. Based on the transmission size field, the receiving node can choose how many back-off slots it would wait for transmitting its response.
[0051] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication method applied to a transmitting node, including:
[0052] generating a first frame, where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on a TXOP obtained by the transmitting node;
[0053] transmitting the first frame.
[0054] According to the wireless communication method of the present disclosure, the transmitting node could win one or more transmission opportunities and share the won transmission opportunity (TXOP) with receiving nodes, so as to provide assistance for the receiving node (s) ’ random access. In addition, the method can accommodate nodes with different capabilities, including those not capable of supporting legacy 802.11 standard, making it versatile for use with a wide range of devices, especially in an IoT environment.
[0055] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access. The back-off slot limit would enable the receiving node to know when the back-off slot following the first frame ends, this limit would help determining whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response, so that collision due to simultaneous transmissions which begin at the end of the at least one back-off slot would be avoided, such simultaneous transmissions may be, e.g., transmission of a next poll frame from the transmitting node and transmission of a response from a receiving node.
[0056] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0057] receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0058] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0059] By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response. The method may be particularly useful in networks where devices have different capabilities and power constraints, such as Ambient Power (AMP) IoT networks.
[0060] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0061] transmitting a second frame, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session; where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0062] When the transmitting node detects failed reception (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) in one or more back-off slots of a random access session, the transmitting node can initiate a selective random access retransmission procedure by transmitting a second frame, in this way, the reliability of the random access session is ensured.
[0063] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0064] receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0065] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0066] By introducing the second frame, more back-off slots are provided, so the initial transmission of the first response from the receiving node can occur based on the back-off slot following the second frame, a probability of success random access can be improved.
[0067] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the transmitting the second frame includes:
[0068] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame. This implementation can allow the transmitting node to efficiently use the medium without unnecessary delays. Since the second frame is initiated before or at the end of DIFS, other third party 802.11 STAs are prevented from hijacking the TXOP during the random access session.
[0069] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the start of the second frame aligns with an end of a maximum backoff inter frame space (MIFS) , where the MIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0070] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame. This approach allows for more efficient use of the communication medium, especially in scenarios where the transmitting node has important information to convey and there is no immediate high-priority traffic detected.
[0071] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration. By reducing the duration of back-off slots and / or starting the back-off slots a bit earlier than SIFs, the initiating AMP STA can reduce the chances of TXOP hijacking by third party 802.11 STAs.
[0072] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the transmitting the second frame includes:
[0073] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame at an end of a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0074] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the second frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0075] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the second frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0076] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session. The second session identifier can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential.
[0077] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. The inclusion of the second slot field can help the receiving nodes understand how many back-off slots will be available for their use following the second frame.
[0078] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed. The acknowledge field may indicate information that communicates the status of the transmission attempts made by receiving nodes during the back-off slots following the first frame.
[0079] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. The inclusion of the slot duration field in the first frame allows all participating nodes to understand the timing structure of the back-off slots, which can help for synchronization.
[0080] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced since it can quickly distinguish the second frame, and it can implement a single, well-defined access method.
[0081] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the first frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs.
[0082] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0083] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node. Based on the transmission size field, the receiving node can choose how many back-off slots it would wait for transmitting its response.
[0084] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0085] obtaining the TXOP.
[0086] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus applied to a receiving node, including:
[0087] a receiving module, configured to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node;
[0088] a transmitting module, configured to participate in the random access according to the first frame.
[0089] For specific implementations of the third aspect, reference may be made to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, which will not be repeated herein for brevity. In these specific implementations of the third aspect, other modules may be included if necessary.
[0090] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus applied to a transmitting node, including:
[0091] a transmitting module, configured to:
[0092] generate a first frame, where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on a TXOP obtained by the transmitting node;
[0093] transmit the first frame.
[0094] For specific implementations of the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, which will not be repeated herein for brevity. In these specific implementations of the third aspect, other modules may be included if necessary.
[0095] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a processor coupled with a memory, where the memory stores a computer executable instruction, and the processor executes the computer executable instruction in the memory to:
[0096] control an input interface to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node;
[0097] participate in the random access according to the first frame.
[0098] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.
[0099] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0100] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0101] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, where the participating in the random access according to the first frame includes:
[0102] when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session and the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0103] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0104] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the determination of whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame includes:
[0105] when the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node is not greater than the back-off limit minus one, determining that the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0106] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a first duration covering an end of a frame carrying the first response.
[0107] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0108] receiving a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session;
[0109] where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0110] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, where the participating in the random access according to the first frame includes:
[0111] when the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the second frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0112] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0113] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the number of idle back-off slots is zero;
[0114] where the transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame includes:
[0115] transmitting the first response at a start of a leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0116] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0117] when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, retransmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0118] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a second preset number of back-off slots.
[0119] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second preset number of back-off slots is determined based on a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response, where the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response may be greater than a total number of back-off slots available for the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0120] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0121] receiving a third frame from a further receiving node, where the third frame carries a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame;
[0122] suspending channel sensing for a period based on the duration of the third frame.
[0123] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0124] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration.
[0125] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0126] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0127] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0128] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0129] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0130] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0131] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0132] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0133] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0134] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0135] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the electronic device further includes the memory.
[0136] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a processor coupled with a memory, where the memory stores a computer executable instruction, and the processor executes the computer executable instruction in the memory to:
[0137] generate a first frame, where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on a TXOP obtained by the transmitting node;
[0138] control an output interface to transmit the first frame.
[0139] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.
[0140] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the method further includes:
[0141] receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0142] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0143] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the method further includes:
[0144] transmitting a second frame, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session; where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0145] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the method further includes:
[0146] receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0147] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0148] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the transmitting the second frame includes:
[0149] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0150] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the start of the second frame aligns with an end of a maximum backoff inter frame space (MIFS) , where the MIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0151] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0152] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration.
[0153] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the transmitting the second frame includes:
[0154] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame at an end of a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0155] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0156] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0157] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0158] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0159] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0160] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0161] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0162] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0163] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0164] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0165] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the method further includes:
[0166] obtaining the TXOP.
[0167] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the electronic device further includes the memory.
[0168] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the wireless communication method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect.
[0169] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0170] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0171] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0172] In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the wireless communication method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0173] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0174] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0175] FIG. 2 shows a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0176] FIG. 3 shows an example of an AMP frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0177] FIG. 4 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0178] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0179] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of another example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0180] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0181] FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0182] FIG. 9 shows a possible implementation of the AMP Re-Poll frame in FIG. 8.
[0183] FIG. 10 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0184] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0185] FIG. 12 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0186] FIG. 13 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0187] FIG. 14 shows an example of a random access procedure in a retransmission scenario according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0188] FIG. 15 shows an example state machine that may be implemented by a receiving node according to one or more embodiments.
[0189] FIG. 16 shows an example of a procedure after a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0190] FIG. 17 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0191] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary design related to a random access round according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0192] FIG. 19 shows an exemplary design related to a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0193] FIG. 20 shows an exemplary design related to a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0194] FIG. 21 shows an exemplary design related to a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0195] FIG. 22 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0196] FIG. 23 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0197] FIG. 24 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0198] FIG. 25 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0199] FIG. 26 shows an example of a random access session with failed receptions according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0200] FIG. 27 shows two examples of AMP frames with a SIG field according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0201] FIG. 28 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0202] FIG. 29 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0203] FIG. 30 shows a structural diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0204] FIG. 31 shows a structural diagram of another electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0205] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0206] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, such as Wi-Fi systems, etc. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a series of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocols, e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be protocol, or a next-generation protocol, which is not limited here. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied to the wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on the millimeter wave (MMW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies, e.g., the 802.15.4z protocol, the 802.15.4ab protocol etc. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied to communication systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X, X may represent anything) systems, device to device (D2D) systems, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, or other communication systems in future. For example, the V2X system may include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.
[0207] The above describes possible scenarios or generalized description of the examples of the present disclosure, the motivation and technical concepts of the present disclosure are illustrated in the following.
[0208] In order to facilitate the understanding of the solution of the present disclosure, some terms mentioned in the present disclosure are first introduced.
[0209] AMP AP STA: an AP that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU (Presentation Protocol Data Unit) and communicate with AMP non-AP STAs.
[0210] AMP non-AP STA: a non-AP STA that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP AP or another AMP non-AP STA.
[0211] AMP assisting STA: an AMP STA (either AP or non-AP) that provides assistance to an AMP assisted non-AP STA to communicate using the AMP protocol. The assistance may be providing energy (Wireless power) , or relay service or transmitting carrier signal for RF backscattering etc. In the context of AMP RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) protocol, the assistance is by transmitting carrier signal to the AMP RFID tags for RF backscattering.
[0212] AMP assisted non-AP STA: an AMP non-AP STA that can communicate using the AMP protocol using the assistance provided by an AMP assisting STA.
[0213] Initiating AMP STA: an AMP assisting STA (e.g., an AMP AP, AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, Smartphone with AMP RFID Reader capabilities etc. ) that initiates the AMP random access procedure.
[0214] Responding AMP STA: an AMP STA (e.g., AMP IoT STA, AMP RFID Tag) that participates in the AMP random access procedure.
[0215] Based on its capabilities, an AMP STA may be classified as:
[0216] Type A AMP STA: Type A AMP STA has capability to support legacy 802.11 standards / protocols (e.g., 802.11b / g / n) and support their own energy source, e.g., battery.
[0217] Type B AMP STA: Type B AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and also possess some sort of small energy source, e.g., large capacitor, or ambient power source etc.
[0218] Type C AMP STA: Type C AMP STA do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and do not possess any energy source. Type C AMP STA use backscattering technique for their transmissions. AMP RFID tag is a special sub-category of Type C AMP STA.
[0219] Random access session: a random access session may be initiated by an initiator (transmitting node, which could be, e.g., the aforementioned AMP assisting STA) , the session may start from the transmission of a poll frame and last for one or more transmit opportunities (TXOP) till the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The session may include the transmission of several poll frames which would be used for providing opportunities for responders (receiving nodes) to transmit their responses to the initiator. The session may be identified by a unique identification.
[0220] Random access round: a random access round is a time period triggered by a poll frame (either an AMP Poll or an AMP Re-Poll frame as will be described later) during which a responding AMP STA may participate in the back-off based random access procedure initiated by the initiating AMP STA. A random access round is made up of one or more back-off slots (or back-off slots) and one or more responding AMP STA may transmit a response frame at the start of one of the back-off slots as will be described later. A random access session may include one or more random access rounds. The duration of each random access round may vary, depending on whether there is response transmitted at the start of a back-off slot inside the random access round. Specifically, the random access round starts at the end of a poll frame transmitted by the transmitting node, and ends at the end of all the back-off slot (s) following this poll frame (in a case where there is no response from any receiving node) or at the end of a response from a receiving node (in a case where there is a response from the receiving node) . The random access round would be elaborated later with reference to drawings. Throughout the text, when we mention a random access round, it would refer to the time period triggered by a corresponding poll frame. For example, a current random access round refers to the time period right after an AMP Poll frame or an AMP Re-Poll frame which triggers this random access round; a preceding / previous random access round refers to the time period right after a previous AMP Poll frame or a previous AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0221] With the development of science and technologies, more and more devices have emerged to meet different needs in our daily life. For example, there are stations (STA) which may be bound to hardware restrictions and thus are designed to support AMbient Power (AMP) protocols. IEEE 802.11bp is a new Taskgroup (TG) within the IEEE 802.11 working group that is developing the technology necessary to enable AMP communication in IEEE 802.11 network. The goal is to address the need of ambient power-enabled 802.11 compatible Internet of things devices (AMP IoT STAs) . The group is exploring power harvesting technologies that can significantly increase the battery lifespan of the AMP IoT STAs, such as RF Power harvesting (or backscattering) , power harvesting using light, motion etc.
[0222] In order to reduce cost and power usage, AMP IoT STAs may have simplified hardware. Due to the hardware restrictions and the need to lower the power consumption, it is expected that the AMP IoT STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) compared to traditional 802.11 STAs that operate at channel bandwidths of 20 MHz or multiples of 20 MHz. In addition, due to the simplified hardware, the AMP IoT STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is commonly used in 802.11 networks to increase spectral efficiency and support higher data rates and hence not able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble that is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 PPDUs. The preamble is a necessary part of traditional 802.11 communication as it signals the start of a transmission and contains important information for STAs to synchronize and prepare for data reception. In addition, the AMP IoT STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth compared to traditional / legacy / conventional 802.11 STAs. For example, they might operate at 4 MHz, whereas conventional 802.11 STAs operate at 20 MHz or multiples thereof. This reduced bandwidth can limit the data rate and overall communication efficiency.
[0223] Besides, sometimes transmissions from AMP IoT STAs may be more susceptible to interference from the wider band transmissions of non-AMP 802.11 STAs. This interference could disrupt the proper functioning of Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) protocols in the context of the 802.11 standard, so some classes of AMP IoT STAs may have limited or no ability to perform carrier sensing that conform to the 802.11 standards. The CSMA / CA is the predominant channel access method. STAs (Stationary Terminals) use CSMA / CA to avoid collisions by transmitting only when the channel is sensed to be “idle” . If the channel is “busy” , each STA may choose a random duration to defer its transmission, known as the random back-off procedure, to reduce the likelihood of collision. The basic medium access protocol using CSMA / CA is called distributed coordination function (DCF) , while a more advanced version, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) , is used by STAs that support quality of service (QoS) . Without this capability, these STAs cannot effectively use the 802.11 medium access protocols such as DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) and EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) , which rely on carrier sensing to manage channel access and avoid collisions.
[0224] It should be noted that although the description is made with reference to AMP STAs or AMP IoT STAs, such description is illustrative rather than restrictive, the technical concept and solutions also apply for other kinds of STAs.
[0225] In order to make it possible for devices that have constrains to support mainstream 802.11 standard to realize their random access, two kinds of frames are introduced in the present application. The frames include:
[0226] a first frame which is an initial frame for initiating the random access session, the first frame is followed by at least one back-off slot which is available for a receiving node to participate in a random access session, in the AMP scenario, the first frame can be referred to as AMP Poll frame;
[0227] a second frame which is a frame for continuing the provision of back-off slot (s) , and the second frame can notify receiving node (s) of communication between the two parties related to the first frame, so for a receiving node who has not transmitted any response based on back-off slot (s) following the first frame, it would continue waiting for its turn to transmit its response, and for a receiving node who has transmitted its response based on back-off slot (s) following the first frame, if the second frame indicates success transmission, the participation of the random access in this random access session would be ended; if the second frame indicates failed transmission, the receiving node would perform retransmission accordingly. In the AMP scenario, the second frame can be referred to as AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0228] Generally, the transmitting node could win one or more transmission opportunities and share the won transmission opportunity (TXOP) with receiving nodes, so as to provide assistance for the receiving node (s) ’ random access. The transmitting node can provide back-off slots for the receiving node (s) to perform random access, the transmitting node could make the back-off slots be follow-ups of the first frame (as well as second frame if necessary) , and use the second frame to notify success or failure of the communication between the two parties. When reception fails at the transmitting side, the transmitting node can start the retransmission by transmitting a second frame.
[0229] There is no limitation on when to use the second frame, for example, when a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, a second frame may be used to initiate a retransmission, for another example, the second frame may also be used when the first frame is not followed by all back-off slots available for initial transmission of receiving node (s) ’ response (s) , that is, the second frame is used for providing opportunities for transmission attempts. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second frame is the first AMP Re-Poll frame after the AMP Poll frame, and there could be other AMP Re-Poll frames, the number of AMP Re-Poll frames depends on the total number of available back-off slots to be provided by the transmitting node, and / or the retransmission required, which is not limited by the embodiments of the present application. In the following embodiments, the first AMP Re-Poll frame is used as an example for illustration, but the description would also be applicable for each AMP Re-Poll frame needed.
[0230] Moreover, in the following embodiments, description is made by taking a first frame and a second frame belonging to the same random access session as an example. In actual applications, behaviors of a receiving node would vary depending on situations. The receiving node may receive first / second frames associated with different random access sessions, for each random access session, the receiving node could handle its initial transmission and retransmission in a similar way as described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, which will not be elaborated for brevity.
[0231] The present disclosure provides a wireless communication method, in which a first frame is received from a transmitting node (which could also referred to as initiator or initiator STA throughout the text) , where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node (which could also referred to as responder or responder STA throughout the text) to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one TXOP obtained by the transmitting node, and the receiving node participates in the random access according to the first frame. Here the participation of the random access would include the period of waiting to transmit a response by the receiving node, as well as the transmission of the response. In some cases, the receiving node may simply engage in the waiting part, but that would also fall within the participation of the random access, in other words, the participation of the random access does not necessarily require the receiving node to respond to the first frame with a response.
[0232] The number of TXOPs may be one or more, depending on how many back-off slots the transmitting node wants to provide to the receiving node for participating in the random access. If there are multiple TXOPs, these TXOPs may be continuous or separated apart, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The separation of different TXOPs may be due to the fact that the total number of back-off slots for the participation of the random access cannot be held in a single TXOP since the duration of a single TXOP may be limited.
[0233] Based on such scheme, the transmitting node, which may be capable of contending with other conventional 802.11 STAs to obtain a TXOP and then share the obtained TXOP with the receiving node, in this way, the receiving node itself may no longer need to contend with other conventional 802.11 STAs, but could instead finish its random access with the help of the transmitting node. Since the first frame could provide clear and direct instructions to the receiving node, ambiguity and potential errors in the communication process can thus be reduced. By basing the session on TXOPs, the method promotes a structured approach to random access, which can improve efficiency and reduce collisions.
[0234] With respect to the transmitting node, it could be any kind of device that has the ability of contending with other conventional 802.11 STAs to obtain TXOP (s) . With respect to the receiving node, it should be noted that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is no restriction on whether the receiving node has the ability to contend a TXOP with conventional 802.11 STAs or not. The method proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure is especially suitable for receiving nodes with carrier sensing ability, but can also be applied to receiving nodes which are not capable of carrier sensing. Besides, from the perspective of receiving node’s type, the method is applicable for receiving nodes which cannot support legacy 802.11 protocols, so the method of the present disclosure may be primarily targeted at the aforementioned Type B AMP STAs.
[0235] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, in one instance, an AMP AP (which would be a specific example of the above AMP assisting STA) can act as an initiator AMP STA and initiates a random access procedure in which two responding AMP STAs, AMP IoT STA 1 and AMP IoT STA2 (which would be a specific example of the above Type B AMP ST) participate. In another instance, an AMP Energizer (which would be a specific example of the above AMP assisting STA) acts as the initiator AMP STA and initiates a random access procedure in which two responding AMP STAs, AMP IoT STA 1 and AMP IoT STA2 participates. The AMP Energizer can provide energy to AMP IoT devices through Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) . Initiating AMP STAs are capable of communicating using mainstream 802.11 standard (802.11n, 11ac, 11ax, 11be etc. ) while responding AMP STAs may not have such capabilities.
[0236] FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method is implemented by a receiving node and a transmitting node as shown in FIG. 2. The method may be applied in the scenario shown in FIG. 1, and may also be applied in other scenarios. Illustratively, the transmitting node and the receiving node can be implemented by any software and / or hardware. The receiving node can be a responding AMP STA. For example, the receiving node can be: an AMP IoT STA, an AMP RFID Tag, or a Type A, or B AMP STA. The specific types of the receiving node are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The transmitting node can be an initiating AMP STA. For example, the transmitting node can be: a Type A, an AMP AP (Access Point) STA, an AMP relay, an AMP energizer, or a smartphone or similar device that has the ability to support AMP and legacy 802.11 protocols and can initiate communication sessions with the receiving node. For example, the receiving node can be the AMP IoT STA 1 or the AMP IoT STA2 shown in FIG. 1, and the transmitting node can be AMP AP or the AMP Energizer shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the method can include the following steps.
[0237] S201, a transmitting node transmits a first frame, and a receiving node receives the first frame from the transmitting node.
[0238] S202, the receiving node participates in the random access according to the first frame.
[0239] In the embodiment, the transmitting node (e.g., an initiating AMP STA) generates and transmits a first frame, and the receiving node (i.e. a responding AMP STA) receives the first frame from the transmitting node. The transmission of the first frame would be broadcasting, and the transmitting node wants to use the first frame to get response (s) from appropriate receiving node (s) , the transmitting node may actually not know how many receiving nodes could respond to such first frame, but simply use the first frame as an initiation of a random access session.
[0240] The first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node, so the transmitting node uses / shares its obtained TXOP for random access of receiving node (s) . The first frame is used to initiate a random access session. The first frame can also be called a request frame, a trigger frame, or a poll frame. When the first frame is used in the AMP scenario, the first frame can also be called an AMP poll frame.
[0241] The first frame includes information for initiating a random access session. As described above, the random access session may refer to an entire period from the transmission of a frame (such as the first frame) for initiating a random access session to the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The random access session may include a plurality of transmission opportunities which may be continuous or separate. The transmitting node expects to benefit from this random access session to get some information from the receiving node, so that the transmitting node could use information carried in a response frame from the receiving node to proceed with subsequent communication with specific receiving node (s) , such information fed back by the receiving node (the first response) may include information (e.g., STA ID) indicative of an identifier / identity of the receiving node, data payload (e.g., battery status of the receiving node) , etc. The response frame from the receiving node carrying the first response could be in any form, for example, when the receiving node is the AMP IoT STA, the response frame may not include a legacy 802.11 preamble.
[0242] The number of TXOPs may be one or more, depending on how many back-off slots the transmitting node wants to provide to the receiving node for participating in the random access. If there are multiple TXOPs, these TXOPs may be continuous or separated apart, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The separation of different TXOPs may be because the total number of back-off slots for the participation of the random access cannot be held in a single TXOP since the duration of a single TXOP may be limited. The random access session includes one or more random access rounds, and each random access round includes one or more back-off slots. The one or more random access round of the random access session may be within the same TXOP or within different TXOPs. That is to say, there may be one or more random access rounds in a TXOP.
[0243] In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node. The response type may include STA’s ID, electronic product code (EPC) , STA ID and battery status etc. The STA’s ID may be a static ID assigned by a manufacturer (e.g., MAC address, Tag ID etc. ) , or it may also be a temporary ID (e.g., an AID randomly assigned to itself by the STA) .
[0244] In a possible implementation, the first frame may indicate the random access session and a back-off slot limit (BSL) for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame may indicate a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, and the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may be available for the participation of the random access. The number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame reflects how many back-off slots are allocated for the participation of the random access in the current random access round triggered by the first frame. The transmitting node can flexibly set this back-off slot limit to arrange the random access session more reasonably and more accurately. The back-off slot limit would enable the receiving node to know when the back-off slot following the first frame ends, this limit would help determining whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response, so that collision due to simultaneous transmissions which begin at the end of the at least one back-off slot would be avoided, such simultaneous transmissions may be, e.g., transmission of a next poll frame from the transmitting node and transmission of a response from a receiving node. Sometimes there may not be enough time in a TXOP for receiving the receiving node’s response, so the transmitting node can adjust this back-off slot limit (e.g., as 1) to avoid such case. By introducing the back-off slot limit, the channel can be prevented from becoming over-subscribed and can improve efficiency of use of back-off slots.
[0245] There would be one or more back-off slots following the first frame, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In a possible implementation, the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may be fixed, for example, the at least one back-off slot following the first frame includes one back-off slot, so in this case, the reception of the first frame would directly indicate the back-off slot limit for the first frame being one. In a possible implementation, the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may include multiple back-off slots, and the first frame may carry a first slot field indicating the back-off slot limit, i.e., the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. By indicating the number of back-off slots using the first frame, the participating nodes can be ensured aware of the available opportunities to access the channel, facilitating an organized and efficient communication process within the random access session. The transmitting node are able to adapt to different channel conditions by customizing the duration of a random access round by setting the BSL.
[0246] In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a slot duration field (e.g., Slot Duration) indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. The slot duration field may indicate a slot duration / duration of the at least one back-off slot associated with the random access session following the first frame. The inclusion of the slot duration field in the first frame allows all participating nodes to understand the timing structure of the back-off slots, which can help for synchronization.
[0247] In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node. Based on the transmission size field, the receiving node can choose how many back-off slots it would wait for before transmitting its response.
[0248] With respect to the indication of the random access session, in a possible implementation, the first frame may indicate the random access session by using an identification (for example, a session ID) of the random access session. The identification of the random access session may be used to uniquely identify the ongoing communication session. The first frame specifies at least one back-off slot that is associated with the random access session. The at least one back-off slot may be at least one time interval, the receiving node can transmit its response at the start of each of at least one time interval. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first session identifier field indicating the identification of the random access session. The session identifier field allows nodes to maintain context throughout the duration of the random access session, even if there may be pauses or interruptions in communication. In cases where transmissions fail or need to be retransmitted, the session identifier field can help nodes recognize which session the retransmission belongs to, facilitating error recovery and maintaining communication integrity. It should be noted that different frames (the aforementioned first and second frames) may all include session identifier fields, these fields in different frames may have similar functions, they may be named with different serial numbers, in that case, these serial numbers are simply for distinguishing different fields in different frames, in some instances, these fields could also have the same name, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0249] In a possible implementation, if the transmitting node wants some specific kinds of receiving nodes to respond to the first frame, it may further make the first frame indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to perform an initial transmission of a first response corresponding to the first frame (whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session) . The receiving node may determine whether it is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session before transmitting the first response. This eligibility is determined based on the information within the first frame, such as the type of the first frame, the identification of the random access session and designated fields in the first frame. When a receiving node receives a first frame, the receiving node may analyze a field in the first frame to decide whether it is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session. If the receiving node determines that receiving node is not eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session, the receiving node may stop analyzing or parsing the remaining fields to improve communication efficiency. By clearly specifying eligibility, the transmitting node can effectively manage the random access session and ensure that the receiving node know when and whether it can transmit its response. The method may be particularly useful in networks where devices have different capabilities and power constraints, such as Ambient Power (AMP) IoT networks. It should be noted that FIG. 2 depicts the case where the receiving node is eligible to transmit its response, for other receiving node (s) which is not eligible to transmit its response, it would also perform the eligibility check based on the first frame similarly, but would skip the transmission of the response. Later if second and third frames belonging to the same random access session as the first frame are broadcasted, the other receiving node (s) would also not respond due to failed eligibility check.
[0250] Upon receiving a first frame, a responding AMP STA may first check whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session. Different alternatives may be possible for instructing the eligibility to the receiving node.
[0251] For example, the type of the first frame would be used as a filtering condition, upon determining a received frame is of the certain type (e.g., the received frame is an AMP Poll frame) , the receiving node would participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first frame type field indicating that the first frame is an initial frame for initiating the random access session. The first frame type field explicitly identifies the purpose of the first frame, signaling to all receiving nodes that this frame is the starting point of a new random access session. The first frame type field can ensure that all nodes, regardless of their types or capabilities, understand the initiation of a new session and can act accordingly to maintain compatibility and interoperability. FIG. 3 shows an example of an AMP frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the AMP frame may carry a frame type field and a type dependent payload field, sometimes, if necessary, further carry a frame duration field and / or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field for providing error-detection capabilities for the frame. The frame type value can be used to indicate the type of the AMP frame. Specifically, the fame type field may take different values and be used to indicate the AMP frame is an initial frame (a specific example of a first frame, e.g. an AMP Poll frame) for initiating the random access session, or a frame (a specific example of a second frame, e.g. an AMP Re-Poll frame) for requesting a retransmission and / or for a continuing the random access session (initiated by the initial frame) . The frame duration field may indicate the duration of the AMP frame, based on this field, the recipient of the AMP frame may be aware of the duration of this frame. The type dependent payload field may include other information for the transmission (for example, identification of the random access session) dependent on the type of the frame. The first frame, the second frame and the third frame which will be described later may all be implemented with the structure shown in FIG. 3. The frame type field may respectively correspond to the first frame type field in the first frame, the second frame type field in the second frame, and other fields in the first / second / third frame mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be carried in the type dependent payload field. It should be noted that the specific values of the frame type field shown in FIG. 3 are illustrative rather than restrictive, other values can be set depending on actual needs.
[0252] For another example, in addition to the frame type, the transmitting node may further define a random access type. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. When the first random access type field indicates that it is a back-off based random access session, receiving nodes that support the back-off based random access session would be eligible to participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, especially when the receiving node is capable of performing carrier sensing, the receiving node may determine whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a random access type included in the first frame matches a pre-determined random access type, for example, back-off based random access session. In this way, complexity for the receiving node can be reduced, as it can implement a single, well-defined access method. It should be noted that different frames (the first / second / third frames) may all include random access type fields, these fields in different frames may have similar functions, they may be named with different serial numbers, in that case, these serial numbers are simply for distinguishing different fields in different frames, in some instances, these fields could also have the same name, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0253] For another example, the transmitting node may select, among the receiving nodes supporting the slot-based random access session, receiving node (s) meeting certain filtering conditions. In a possible implementation, the first frame may carry a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. The first grouping identifier field can be a Group / Network ID field, and can be used to determine whether a receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session, so receiving node (s) fall (s) within this targeted group would be regarded as being eligible to participate in the random access session. The grouping identifier field serves to screen out eligible receiving nodes from all the receiving nodes, so the transmitting node could use this field to control which kind (s) of STAs is expected to participate in the random access session. In a possible implementation, upon receiving the first frame (which means the frame type is qualified) and the random access is of a back-off-based type, the responding AMP STA may determine whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session by checking whether a Group / Network ID field included in the first frame matches a network ID that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID field is set to the broadcast value. It should be noted that different frames (the first / second / third frames) may all include grouping identifier fields, these fields in different frames may have similar functions, they may be named with different serial numbers, in that case, these serial numbers are simply for distinguishing different fields in different frames, in some instances, these fields could also have the same name, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0254] It should be noted that the above fields, including the first random access type field, the first grouping identifier field, the first slot field, the slot duration field, the response type field, the transmission size field may be omitted when they take default values.
[0255] In a possible implementation, in the AMP scenario, the first frame can be an AMP Poll frame. The AMP Poll frame may specify a filtering condition, Session ID, Back-off slot Limit (BSL, used to indicate the number of back-off slots available in the current random access round triggered by the first frame) , Response Type. The filtering condition is a filtering condition (s) to be used by the responding AMP STAs to decide whether or not to participate in the random access session. The filtering condition may include at least one of: Network or Group ID or even / odd IDs etc. The Session ID is the identification of the random access session. In a possible implementation, upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, the receiving node may check whether it fulfils a specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session based on the AMP Poll frame. A qualifying responding AMP STA may transmit the specified response until it has waited for a selected number of idle back-off slots.
[0256] The transmitting node may provide multiple back-off slots for transmission of response from receiving node (s) , the transmission may be initial transmission or retransmission. These multiple back-off slots may spread across multiple TXOPs or follow different poll frames. In one possible implementation, the transmitting node transmits a first frame and let all the multiple back-off slots follow the first frame. In another possible implementation, only part of the multiple back-off slots can follow the first frame, this may be due to the duration limitation of a TXOP, or, this may be due to the specific design of the first frame, e.g., it is stipulated that the first frame can be followed by a predefined number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, etc. ) , but the number of the multiple back-off slots is greater than such predefined number, so in these cases, the multiple back-off slots may be separated as follow-ups of different frames. Some may follow the first frame, some may follow the second frame, and some may follow one or more frames after the second frame (e.g., other AMP Re-Poll frames) . Therefore, the at least one back-off slot may simply be part of a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node, the remaining back-off slots which do not follow the first frame may be follow-up of one or more AMP Re-Poll frames transmitted by the transmitting node (shown as S203 in FIG. 2) . The total number of back-off slots available for the initial transmission characterizes the whole window size of this random access session, it may be a default value known by both sides in advance (e.g., stipulated in the protocol) or may be indicated by the first frame. The indication of the window size may be implemented in various ways. For example, the first frame may include a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (ECW) which in turn will decide how many back-off slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . For example, the number of back-off slots (N) = 2ECW. The probability of collision between responders’ responses is related to the number of back-off slots that is allocated in the session and the number of responders that are expected to participate in the random access session. In general, a larger number of slots may reduce the collision probability. However, the time duration of the initiating AMP STA’s TXOP is limited as per the TXOP limit defined by 802.11 protocol, which in turn limits the maximum number of back-off slots that can be allocated in a TXOP. In order to overcome this limitation, the back-off slots can be spread across multiple TXOPs to reduce collisions. By allocating multiple back-off slots and having a method for nodes to determine, based on the above total number of back-off slots, the number of idle back-off slots before the transmission of their responses, each receiving node could have a fair choice to participate in the random access session, and efficient use of the communication channel can be achieved. The total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node may be within one random access round triggered by an AMP Poll frame or spread across multiple random access rounds triggered by an AMP Poll frame and one or more AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0257] In a possible implementation, upon receiving a first frame, the receiving node may check whether it fulfils a specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session, i.e., the receiving node performs the abovementioned eligibility check, a qualifying receiving node can participate in the random access session and may transmit the specified response at the start of a randomly chosen back-off slot within the current TXOP. As a possible choice, the receiving node can determine when to transmit the first response by maintaining a back-off counter (e.g., backoff_counter) . The receiving node may initialize its back-off counter to a random value (a first preset number of back-off slots) in [0, N-1] . The N is determined based on the transmission size field carried in the first frame (e.g., ECW) . If a receiving node’s backoff_counter = 0 at the start of a back-off slot, the receiving node may transmit the first response at the start of the back-off slot. Else, if the receiving node’s backoff_counter >0, the receiving node can perform Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) in the back-off slot (e.g., using Energy Detection (ED) , i.e., any detected signal with energy above a certain threshold (e.g., -62dB) will render the channel busy) . If the CCA returns IDLE, i.e., if the channel is accessed to be not busy, the receiving node can decrement its backoff_counter by one. Else if the CCA returns BUSY, i.e., if the channel is accessed to be busy, the receiving node may wait for a second frame (e.g., AMP Re-Poll frame) as shown in FIG. 2 (in this case the receiving node does not decrement its backoff_counter) . Since the maximum back-off duration may be much smaller than the duration of a response PPDU, the receiving node that gets a CCA BUSY in any of the back-off slot assumes that the medium is busy due to another receiving node’s transmission and will skip performing back off in the rest of the back-off slots. In some instances, instead of directly performing the CCA for determining idleness of a back-off slot, the receiving node can also check the back-off slot limit which indicates the number of back-off slots following the first frame, for example, if the back-off slot limit is 1, then the receiving node can stop CCA after counting one idle back-off slot.
[0258] In a possible implementation, when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session and the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the receiving node may transmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node. As described above, upon receiving the first frame, the receiving node can determine the first preset number of back-off slots based on the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the transmission of the first response (this total number may be indicated in the aforementioned transmission size field) , and then wait until the number of idle back-off slots matches the first preset number. In this implementation (which will later be depicted by the transmission of the response from the AMP IoT STA-1 after the AMP Poll frame in FIG. 13) , the receiving node has got its turn to transmit its response, which means the number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may match with the first preset number of back-off slots. As a possible implementation, the matching would be equal to. For example, the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the transmission of the first response is 8, and the receiving node chooses to back off 2 idle (the first preset number is 2) , then if the at least one back-off slot following the first frame includes 5 back-off slots, the receiving node would transmit its response at the start of the third back-off slot (if the first two back-off slot following the first frame are idle) . The first preset number of back-off slots may be zero or not zero, when it is zero, the receiving node can transmit its response at the start of the leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. Idle back-off slot means that there is no receiving node transmitting, in response to the first frame, its response at the start of this back-off slot, in a possible implementation, idleness of the idle back-off slots can be determined based on clear channel assessment (CCA) .
[0259] As the eligibility check could be done as described above, with respect to the determination of whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the back-off limit can provide some support. In a possible implementation, when the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node is not greater than the back-off limit minus one, the receiving node may determine that the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. When the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame minus one is greater than or equal to the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node, the receiving node can determine that there is enough time for the node to transmit its response in the current random access round triggered by the first frame. As described before, the transmitting node can flexibly set this back-off slot limit, for example, at the beginning of the random access session, the transmitting node sets the back-off slot limit as 4 (values are just illustrative) , it means there would 4 back-off slots following the first frame, then receiving node (s) who are eligible to participate in the random access session would choose their own numbers of back-off slots, if the chosen number is less than or equal to 3, that means there is one slot left unused, so the receiving node can transmit its response, without worrying about the collision between transmission of a next poll frame from the transmitting node and transmission of its response, since at the transmitting side, the transmitting node receives the response and would control the transmission of the next poll frame to avoid such collision. For another example, since the duration of TXOP may be limited, when the transmitting node found that there is actually not enough time to receive a response from the receiving node, it would set the back-off slot limit as one, this setting manner with respect to the back-off limit applies for both first and second frames. In order to better describe the first frame, some examples are given below for illustrating the design of the first frame. FIG. 4 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0260] An initiating AMP STA (e.g., an AMP AP) may initiate a back-off based random access session for AMP STAs with carrier sensing abilities when it is more efficient than a one to one session. For example, a random access session may be more efficient if the initiating AMP STA does not possess the ID (s) of the responding AMP STA (s) in its coverage, or even if it does know the IDs, it does not know the sleep cycle of the responding AMP STA (s) . As shown in FIG. 4, the random access session spreads across different TXOPs, in each TXOP, there are several back-off slots following the AMP Poll frame (a specific example of the first frame) or AMP Re-Poll frame (a specific example of the second frame) . A transmitting node initiates an AMP random access procedure and allocates back-off slots by transmitting an AMP Poll frame. The AMP Poll frame can be the AMP Poll frame illustrated in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the AMP Poll frame includes the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID (a specific example of the above first session identifier field) , ECW (a specific example of the above transmission size field) , Back-off slots Limit (a specific example of the above first slot field) , Response Type (a specific example of the above response type field) . As described above, the filtering conditions may be achieved based on frame type, or in further combination with a random access type, or in further combination with a first grouping identifier. The ECW specifies a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the contention window which in turn will decide how many back-off slots are provided in random access session (identified by the Session ID) . Number of back-off slots (N) = 2ECW. The ECW may be omitted in an AMP Poll frame if a default minimum value (e.g., ECW_min defined in the IEEE 802.11bp specification) is used for the size of the contention window for the transmission of the random access session. In this case ECW = ECW_min and the number of back-off slots (2ECW_min) is used for the transmission. The BSL indicates the number of back-off slots following its corresponding Poll frame. The Response Type is a response type solicited by the AMP Poll frame (e.g., STA’s ID, EPC, STA ID and battery status etc. ) .
[0261] Upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, the receiving node can check whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session. A qualifying receiving node transmits the specified response at the start of a randomly chosen back-off slot within the TXOP in which the back-off slot occurs (i.e., TXOP-1 or TXOP-2 shown in FIG. 4, depending on which back-off slot is chosen by the receiving node) . When the initiating AMP STA didn’ t receive the first response from the responding AMP STA within the random access round triggered by the AMP Poll frame, the initiating AMP STA can continue the AMP random access procedure in the same TXOP or in an another TXOP by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame. The Session ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame identify the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the random access session.
[0262] As described before, a random access round is a time period triggered by an initiating frame (either an AMP Poll or an AMP Re-Poll frame) during which a responding AMP STA may participate in the back-off based random access procedure initiated by the initiating AMP STA. A random access round is made up of one or more back-off slots and one or more responding AMP STA may transmit a response frame at the start of one of the back-off slots. The back-off slots start after a fixed duration from the end of the AMP Poll or AMP Re-Poll frame. For example, in FIG. 4, the first back-off slot starts T_Reply after the end of the AMP Poll or AMP Re-Poll frame. T_Reply may be a duration of time defined in the 802.11bp specification and may represent the time duration within which even the slowest AMP IoT STA is expected to be able to switch from receive mode to transmit mode. While a larger random access round increases the air-time efficiency of the random access session since it can accommodate more back-off slots, it also increases the risk of channel hijack by third party 802.11 STAs if all the back-off slots are left empty and none of the responding AMP STAs transmit their responses during the random access round (as seen in the first random access round in FIG. 4) . To prevent a large random access round with all the back-off slots left empty, the initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame after a fixed number of empty back-off slots, e.g., four in FIG. 4.
[0263] In a possible implementation, FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of another example of an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the AMP Poll frame may carry the following fields: Poll ID (a specific example of the above first Session ID field) , Random Access Type (a specific example of the above first random access type field for the first frame) , Network ID (a specific example of the above first grouping identifier field for the first frame) , ECW, Back-off slots Limit, Response Type. FIG. 6 actually shows a possible implementation of the AMP Poll frame in FIG. 5, in which the filtering conditions in FIG. 5 are implemented as including the random access type and Network ID, and the Session ID is implemented as a Poll ID.
[0264] With respect to the fields shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the Poll / Session ID indicates an identification of the random access session, and the Poll ID may be a unique value that identifies the random access session. The Response Type is a response type solicited by the AMP Poll frame (e.g., STA’s ID, EPC, STA ID and battery status etc. ) . The ECW specifies a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the Contention Window (ECW) which in turn will decide how many back-off slots are provided in this session (identified by the Session ID) . For example, the number of back-off slots (N) = 2ECW. The Network ID (a specific example of the above first grouping identifier field) may serve to locate the filtering condition and may be used to ensure that only an intended group of STAs responds. For example, the transmitting node may identify a network or group whose STAs are allowed to participate in the random access, and for example, the Network ID may include a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) or a BSS Colour, which are associated with the Basic Service Set (BSS) that the transmitting node is connected to. It is assumed that even if the responding node is not associated with the BSS, the responding node has been pre-programmed with the network ID, for example, during device provision, or during deployment, to allow the receiving node to recognize and respond to the appropriate Network ID when a random access session is initiated. Or, in a denser deployment (e.g., in a warehouse or retail store) , the Network ID may be set to other values used to group the receiving node. For example, in a warehouse example, the Network ID may be set to one value to get responses at a Pallet level and set to a different value to get responses from individual product tags from a particular shelf etc. In a retail store example, the Network ID may be set by product category, e.g., men’s shirt, or women’s blouse etc. The Network ID may also be set a broadcast value (e.g., all ones) to allow any receiving STA to participate. The Random Access Type indicates the type of random access. For example, when the Random Access Type is set to 0, the Random Access Type indicates the Time-slot based random access; when the Random Access Type is set to 1, the Random Access Type indicates the Backoff based random access. So, with this random access type, different STAs will be filtered to respond to the random access type they support.
[0265] It should be noted that the random access type field could be fixed, e.g., this fixed value may indicate the back-off based random access session, so the transmitting node always expects the receiving node to respond to the AMP Poll frame; the Network ID field could also be fixed, e.g., this fixed value may indicate a fixed group so that the transmitting node always expects receiving node (s) belonging to this group to respond to the AMP Poll frame, or simply indicate no group, that is, there is no filtering condition in terms of group; the ECW field, BSL field and response type field could also be set as default values, e.g., they could be predefined in protocols. In the case where information indicated by a field is set as a default value, this field could be omitted.
[0266] In a possible implementation, a length of each field in the AMP Poll frame can be illustrated in Table 1.
[0267] Table 1
[0268] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 depicts the behaviors of the receiving node when processing an AMP Poll frame. Upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, a responding AMP STA checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session, e.g., whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session. For example, this eligibility check could be checking whether the Network ID field matches the network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. Further, responding AMP STAs (e.g., those who are capable of performing carrier sensing) will only respond to AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames in which the Random Access Type is set as 1 (Back-off based) . If the responding AMP STA is eligible to participate, it contends in the random access session, so in FIG. 7, the state of the responding AMP STA is shown as contending.
[0269] When a qualifying responding AMP STA participates in the random access session, it may maintain a backoff_counter and transmit the specified response at the start of a randomly chosen back-off slot within the TXOP as follows:
[0270] 1. The responding AMP STA initializes its backoff_counter to a random value in [0, CW] . N = 2ECW . E.g., in FIG. 4, N = 7, CW = N -1 = 7. and AMP IoT STA-1 (STA-1 for short) and AMP IoT STA-2 (STA-2 for short) initialize their backoff_counters to 6 and 7 respectively.
[0271] 2. If a responding AMP STA’s backoff_counter = 0 at the start of a back-off slot, it may determine whether the STA is allowed to transmit in this round, this could be done based on the value of Backoff Slots Limit (BSL) indicated by the AMP Poll frame as described before. If it is allowed to transmit in this round, the receiving node transmits the specified response at the start of the back-off slot. When taking the specific example shown in FIG. 4, AMP IoT STA-1 achieves this in the second back-off slot of the second random access round and proceeds to transmit at the start of the third back-off slot of the second random access round. Similarly, STA-2 achieves this in the first back-off slot of the first random access round in the next TXOP (TXOP-2) and proceeds to transmit at the start of the second back-off slot. It should be noted that although BSL is not specified in FIG. 4, but it is assumed that the allowance of the transmission in corresponding random access round is assured.
[0272] 3. Else, if the STA’s backoff_counter > 0, the STA performs Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) in the back-off slot (e.g., using Energy Detection (ED) ) . As described before, the STA could check whether it is allowed to decrement in the next back-off slot based on the BSL, if the BSL shows there is still remaining back-off slots, then the receiving node could continue the CCA check. For example, if BSL=1, and the STA’s backoff_counter is 2, then since this random access round only has one back-off slot, so after the STA has decremented one idle back-off slot, then the STA should wait for next AMP Re-Poll frame without performing CCA, since there are no remaining back-off slots.
[0273] 4. If the CCA returns IDLE, the STA decrements its backoff_counter by one. In FIG. 4, both STAs decrement their backoff_counters in the four back-off slots in the first random access round and the two back-off slots in the second random access round. STA-2 continues to decrement its backoff_counter in the first random access round in the next TXOP (TXOP-2) .
[0274] 5. Else if the CCA returns BUSY, the STA waits for an AMP Re-Poll frame. Note: since the maximum back-off duration (e.g., Max_Backoff in FIG. 4) is much smaller than the duration of a response PPDU, an STA that gets a CCA BUSY in any of the back-off slot assumes that the medium is busy due to another responding STA’s transmission and will skip performing back off in the rest of the back-off slots.
[0275] The initiating AMP STA (e.g., the AMP AP) would ensure that enough transmission opportunities are provided for each random access session. For example, if ECW = 3, it needs to ensure that 8 transmission slots are provided (of which least 7 are empty back-off slots) so that even the STAs with maximum backoff_counter (e.g., 7) has an opportunity to transmit.
[0276] In a possible implementation, when the transmitting node detects a failure of a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame (e.g., due to collisions, or other interference) , or when the transmitting node has not finished the provision of all back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be transmitted by the receiving node, the transmitting node may transmit a second frame. The second frame may indicate the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame. The back-off slot limit for the second frame may indicate the number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, and the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session. In addition, the second frame may further indicate whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed. Here the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame refers to one or more transmissions from receiving node (s) receiving the first frame which occurred at the start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. In the AMP scenario, the second frame can be referred to as an AMP Re-Poll frame. The second frame may be used to continue a random access session, the continuation may be to continue provision of back-off slots which can be counted by all qualifying responding STAs which have not marked their transmission status as successful. For a responding STA that has made a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, it may determine whether its transmission is successful based on the indication in the second frame, for a responding STA that did not make a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, it may simply count idle back-off slot (s) and wait for its turn to transmit its response. When the second frame indicates a failed transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, it actually addresses situations where the initial transmission attempt failed due to reception failure, e.g., due to collisions when different receiving nodes transmit their responses at the start of the same back-off slot.
[0277] The second frame may indicate the random access session via, for example, identification of the random access session (a session ID) . The random access session indicated by the second frame may be the same as that indicated by the first frame, in this way, the receiving node can recognize the ongoing random access session and understand that the second frame is a continuation of the session initiated by the first frame. The indication of the random access session and the indication of the back-off slot limit for the second frame may be similar to the indication of the random access session and the indication of the back-off slot limit in the first frame, various implementations with respect to the first frame are also applicable for the second frame. The second frame serves the dual purpose of continuing the random access session initially started by the first frame (AMP Poll frame) and addressing the need for notifying a success / failed transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame or initiating a selective retransmission for those receiving nodes that experienced transmission failure, the receiving node can determine the purpose of the second frame by checking whether the first response having been transmitted, as described above, for those who have transmitted the first response at start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the second frame would be used for initiating a selective retransmission, these receiving nodes may mark their transmission status as successful and end their participations in this random access session, or these receiving nodes may contend in retransmission, based on whether the second frame indicates a successful transmission or a failed transmission; for those who have not transmitted the first response, the second frame would be used for providing opportunities to continue the random access session, so these receiving nodes may count and wait for their turns to transmit their responses. Therefore, the second frame may indicate the ongoing random access session and specify a back-off slot limit for transmission in the current random access round, defining the number of back-off slots following the second frame that are available for transmission or retransmission attempts. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure simply describe the case where the first and second frames associated with the same session ID, but if the receiving node receives a poll frame with a different session ID after the first frame, it will handle the poll frame in a way similar to that of the first / second frame.
[0278] With respect to the indication of the random access session, in a possible implementation, similar to the identification of the random access session in the first frame, the second frame may indicate the random access session by using an identification (for example, a session ID) of the random access session. The second frame may carry the identification of the random access session in a second session identifier field. The second session identifier field can ensure that all transmissions related to the random access session are clearly linked and sequential. In cases where responses need to be retransmitted due to errors or collisions, or provision of opportunities for initial transmission attempts needs to be continued, the session identifier field allows nodes to correctly identify the session for which retransmission or continuous transmission is required, enabling a more orderly and targeted retransmission process.
[0279] There would be one or more back-off slots following the second frame, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In a possible implementation, the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame may be fixed, for example, the at least one back-off slot following the second frame includes one back-off slot, so in this case, the reception of the second frame would directly indicate the back-off slot limit for the second frame being one. In a possible implementation, the at least one back-off slot following the second frame may include multiple back-off slots, and the second frame may carry a second slot field to indicate the number of back-off slots following the second frame. The inclusion of the second slot field can help the receiving nodes understand how many back-off slots will be available for their use following the second frame. By indicating the number of back-off slots, the second frame helps in the continuation of the random access session. By knowing the limit of available back-off slots following the second frame, receiving nodes can continue their random access accurately, ensuring that they transmit within the correct time slot. The at least one back-off slot following the second frame is designated for further communication activities, such as additional retransmissions or continuation of transmissions. In this way, orderly session management and clear directives for the responding nodes on when to proceed with their transmissions or retransmissions within the established random access session can be ensured.
[0280] In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session. When the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating that the random access session is a back-off based random access session, the receiving node may determine that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session. For the specific eligibility check with respect to the random access type, reference can be made to descriptions for the first random access type field.
[0281] In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session. The second grouping identifier field may specify the group that is being targeted by the random access session. By indicating a targeted group, the second frame may allow for more selective communication within the network, which directs the session towards a particular subset of STAs. By targeting a specific group, the likelihood of collisions can be reduced, as only STAs within the specified group will attempt to respond during the allocated time slots. In this way, unnecessary transmissions from STAs that are not part of the targeted group can be reduced, thus conserving power and bandwidth. The function of the second grouping identifier field carried in the second frame is similar to that of the first grouping identifier field carried in the first frame. The transmitting node can also benefit from the grouping identifier field to target a certain group of receiving nodes. In a possible implementation, the second frame may carry an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed. The acknowledge field may indicate information that communicates the status of the transmission attempts made by receiving nodes during the back-off slots following the first frame. The acknowledge field is used to indicate either a reception failure or an implicit acknowledgment of a reception in the previous random access round triggered by the first frame. For example, the acknowledge field can be a Nack field. If Nack is False, the second frame indicates the implicit acknowledgment for a receiving node that had transmitted a response in the previous random access round triggered by the first frame. If Nack is True, the second frame indicates the reception failure for a receiving node that had transmitted a response in the previous random access round triggered by the first frame. When the second frame indicate an acknowledgment for the reception of the first response, the receiving node can mark its transmission as acknowledged for this random access session and does not continue participation of the random access session any more. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the second frame is defined as a poll frame right after the first frame, as described above, there could be more than one poll frame after the first frame, so for other frame (s) not adjacent to the first frame, their structures and functions are similar to the second frame, all related descriptions with respect to the second frame also apply for the other frame (s) , except that each of the other frame (s) would indicate whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the previous frame is failed. The above second frame could be regarded as a special case of the other frame (s) since its previous frame is the first frame.
[0282] Upon receiving the second frame, the receiving node would also perform eligibility check. The second frame may also indicate whether the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access session. Sometimes the second frame could itself carry information for filtering receiving nodes which are eligible to respond to the second frame, for example, it may carry the frame type, the group identifier, the random access type, sometimes only the indication of the random access session is enough, since the receiving node has received the first frame, and it could have obtained the filter condition from the first frame, so the eligibility could be determined based on the indication of the random access session, that is, the receiving node could associate the first frame and the second frame belonging to the same random access session, and then re-use the filtering condition indicated in the first frame for determining whether it is qualified to respond to the second frame. When the first or second frames belong to the same random access session, if the receiving node determines that the random access session indicated by the second frame is the same as the random access session indicated by the first frame, it knows that it is qualified to respond to the second frame.
[0283] In a possible implementation, when the receiving node receives the second frame, the transmission status in the preceding random access round triggered by the first frame may be in following several conditions:
[0284] successful transmission: a receiving node may successfully transmit the first response in a back-off slot following the first frame without any collision or interference;
[0285] collision: two or more receiving nodes may transmit simultaneously in the same back-off slot following the first frame, resulting in a collision;
[0286] interference: external factors or other network traffic may cause interference that prevents successful transmission;
[0287] channel idle: the receiving node may find the channel idle, and may decrement its back-off counter, but does not transmit because the counter has not reached zero;
[0288] channel busy: the receiving node may sense the channel as busy due to transmission from another receiving node, and thus does not transmit its response.
[0289] In a possible implementation, when the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the second frame, the receiving node may transmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. A sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame may match with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node. As described above, upon receiving the first frame, the receiving node can determine the first preset number of back-off slots based on the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the transmission of the first response (this total number may be indicated in the aforementioned transmission size field) , and then wait until the number of idle back-off slots matches the first preset number. In this implementation, the receiving node does not transmit its response in the back-off slot (s) following the first frame since the above first preset number is not reached, so the receiving node continues counting after receiving the second frame, and gets its turn in one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. If the channel was idle but the back-off counter did not reach zero in the preceding random access round triggered by the first frame, the receiving node may continue to decrement its back-off counter until it reaches zero, at which point it can transmit. In this case, the sum of the number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and the number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame may equal to the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node. For example, if there is no reception failure and the receiving node had not transmitted the first response in the preceding random access round triggered by the first frame, the receiving node may maintain the value of its backoff_counter unchanged when receiving the second frame. The first preset number of back-off slots may be determined when receiving the first frame. Refer back to FIG. 4, where the transmission of the response from the AMP IoT STA-1 in the second random access round of TXOP-1 depicts the above implementation. In FIG. 4, the AMP Poll frame is a specific example of the first frame, and the AMP Re-Poll frame is a specific example of the second frame. The AMP IoT STA-1 transmits its response at the start of the third back-off slot in the second random access round of TXOP-1. The backoff_counter of the AMP IoT STA-2 reaches 1 at the end of the second back-off slot in the second random access round of TXOP-1, and the AMP IoT STA-2 would skip performing back off in the rest of the back-off slots in the second random access round of TXOP-1 and wait for an AMP Re-Poll frame since the CCA returns BUSY at the third back-off slot in the second random access round of TXOP-1. When receiving the next AMP Re-Poll frame, the AMP IoT STA-2 maintains its backoff_counter unchanged, and when the AMP IoT STA-2 detects that the first back-off slot in the current random access round is idle, the AMP IoT STA-2 decrements its backoff_counter by one. The backoff_counter of the AMP IoT STA-2 reaches 0 at start of the second back-off slot in the current random access round, so the AMP IoT STA-2 transmits the first response at the second back-off slot in the current random access round.
[0290] In a possible implementation, when the number of idle back-off slots is zero, that is, at the time when receiving the second frame, the backoff_counter has reached 0, so the receiving node may transmit the first response at a start of a leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. In a case that the back-off counter reaches zero at the last back-off slot in the random access round triggered by the first frame, the receiving node may transmit its response immediately at the beginning of the leading back-off slot following the second frame.
[0291] In a possible implementation, when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, the receiving node may retransmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame. In this case, the number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a second preset number of back-off slots. In a possible implementation, the second preset number of back-off slots is determined based on a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response. The total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response may be greater than a total number of back-off slots available for the transmission of the first response by the receiving node in the preceding random access round triggered by the first frame, so the receiving node is now given more possible back-off slots for realizing retransmission of its response, which is more reasonable in view of the failure in the initial transmission. For example, when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, the receiving node may increment its ECW to ECW+1 such that a new CW2 = (2ECW+1 -1) and picks a new random backoff_counter in [0, CW2] .
[0292] If the reception is failed in a preceding random access round triggered by the first frame, more back-off slots for retransmissions can be provided in the current random access round, to increase the likelihood that a transmission will eventually be successful, thus enhancing the overall reliability of the communication session. In addition, additional back-off slots can provide nodes more opportunities to find a clear channel and transmit without collision.
[0293] It should be noted that the above fields, including the second random access type field, the second grouping identifier field, the second slot field may be omitted when they take default values.
[0294] In order to better describe the second frame, some examples are given below for illustrating the design of the second frame. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the AMP Re-Poll frame may carry the following fields: Filtering conditions, Session ID (a specific example of the above session identifier field) , Back-off slots Limit (a specific example of the above second slot field) , Nack (a specific example of the above acknowledge field) . The Session ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame identifies the random access session and may be set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the corresponding random access session. The Filtering conditions may be used by the responding AMP STA to decide whether or not to participate in the random access session (e.g., Network or Group ID or even / odd IDs etc. ) . The BSL indicates the number of back-off slots available in the current random access round triggered by the second frame. The Response Type indicates the type of the response solicited by the initiating AMP STA (e.g., responding AMP STA’s ID, with / without accompanying data such as sensor data, Battery status etc. ) . STA’s ID could be a static ID assigned by a manufacturer (e.g., MAC address, Tag ID etc. ) , or it may also be a temporary ID (e.g., an AID randomly assigned to itself by the initiating STA) .
[0295] FIG. 9 actually shows a possible implementation of the AMP Re-Poll frame in FIG. 8, in which the filtering conditions in FIG. 8 are implemented as including the random access type and Network ID, and the Session ID is implemented as a Poll ID.
[0296] As shown in FIG. 9, the AMP ReTx-Poll frame may carry the following fields: Network ID (a specific example of the above second grouping identifier field) , Poll ID (a specific example of the above second session identifier field) , Random Access Type (a specific example of the above second random access type field for the second frame) , Back-off slots Limit (a specific example of the second slot field) , and Nack. The Poll ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame may be set as the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll ( (a specific example of the first frame) that identifies the random access session. The Back-off slots Limit may indicate the number of back-off slots available in the random access round. The NACK field may be used to indicate either a reception failure or an implicit acknowledgment of a reception in the previous random access round triggered by the first frame. The definition of Random Access Type, Network ID and Back-off slots Limit fields are similar as for the AMP Poll frame. The Response Type field can be not carried in the AMP Re-Poll but is also the same as indicated in the AMP Poll with the matching Poll ID.
[0297] In a possible implementation, a length of each field in the AMP Re-Poll frame can be illustrated in Table 2.
[0298] Table 2
[0299] FIG. 10 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Note that an initial frame that was used to obtain the TXOP and set the protection (e.g., CTS-to-Self) is not shown in FIG. 10. In this example, upon receiving an AMP Poll frame (with ECW = 2) , both AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 randomly initialize their backoff_counters to 1 while AMP IoT STA-3 initializes its backoff_counter to 3. Both AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 decrement their backoff_counters to 0 in the first back-off slot and proceed to transmit the response frame in the second back-off slot, thereby causing a collision at the initiating AMP STA. The responses also cause CCA BUSY at STA-3 and it stops decrementing its backoff_counter and waits for the next AMP Re-Poll.
[0300] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of processing an AMP Re-Poll frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 depicts the behaviors of the receiving node when processing the AMP Re-Poll frame. Upon receiving an AMP Re-Poll frame, the eligibility check will be done as describe above, when the responding AMP STA is eligible to participate in the random access session, it would go on checking the transmission status indicated by the AMP Re-Poll frame. Upon detecting a transmission in a random access round triggered by a poll frame (AMP Poll frame or AMP Re-Poll frame) is failed, e.g., due to collisions, or other interference, the initiating AMP STA sets the Nack in the following AMP Re-Poll frame to indicate a reception failure, thereby initiating a retransmission procedure for the AMP IoT STAs that had transmitted in the previous random access round triggered by the preceding poll frame. Else, the initiating AMP STA sets the Nack in the following AMP Re-Poll to indicate a correct reception. Note that the eligibility check and the transmission status check would be performed independently, there is no required sequence in their executions.
[0301] Upon receiving an AMP Re-Poll frame in which the Nack field indicates a reception failure, a responding AMP STA first checks whether it had transmitted in the previous random access round of the random access session indicated in the frame (identified by the Session ID field) . If the Nack in the AMP Re-Poll indicates a correct reception, the STA marks its transmission as successful for this random access session. E. g., the STA can change its state after receiving an implicit Ack, or it may maintain a flag (e.g., ack_flag) to record the Acked state or a particular value of the backoff_counter (e.g., the maximum allowed value, e.g. 255 for an 8-bit counter) can be used as the ack_flag. Else if the Nack in the AMP Re-Poll frame indicates a failed reception and the STA hasn’ t marked its transmission as successful for this random access round, the STA further checks whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the retransmission random access session. If yes, the STA increments its ECW to ECW+1 such that the new CW = (2ECW+1 -1) and picks a new random backoff_counter in [0, CW] . In the example in FIG. 10, the first AMP Re-Poll frame in TXOP-1 sets the Nack to indicate failed reception in the previous random access round. STA-1 and STA-2 that that had transmitted in the previous random access round, increment the ECW (to 3) and pick a random backoff_counter in [0, 7] . STA-1 picks 1 while STA-2 picks 2. Since STA-3 did not transmit in the previous random access round triggered by the AMP Poll frame, its backoff_counter remains unchanged. All three STAs decrement their back-off slots in the next back-off slot and since STA-1’s backoff_counter reaches 0, it proceeds to transmit its response in the next back-off slot. The response cause CCA BUSY at STA-2 and STA-3 and they stop decrementing their backoff_counters and wait for the next AMP Re-Poll.
[0302] The Nack in the second AMP Re-Poll in TXOP-1 indicates a correct reception, and STA-1 marks its transmission as successful for this random access session while STA-2 and STA-3 continues the random access procedure and decrement their backoff_counters to 0 in the next back-off slot and both proceed to transmit their response frames in the next back-off slot leading to a collision. Detecting a failed reception, the initiator continues the random access session in the next obtained TXOP (TXOP-2) in FIG. 10 by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame with the Nack set to indicate a reception failure. STA-2 and STA-3 that that had transmitted in the previous random access round triggered by the second AMP Re-Poll frame, increments the ECW (STA-2 to 4 and STA-3 to 3) and pick a random backoff_counter in [0, 15] and [0, 7] respectively. STA-2 picks 2 while STA-3 picks 3. STA-1 has already marked its transmission as successful for this random access session, so it does not participate in the random access procedure. STA-2 and STA-3 proceed to decrement their backoff_counters as described earlier and transmit the respective responses once their back-off slot reach zero. So as described in this case, each time an STA (which has transmitted its response in the previous random access round) detects a failed transmission in the previous random access round, the STA would increment its current ECW. Sometimes it would be possible to give a limit to ECW, which is illustrated in FIG. 11 as ECW_Max, if the ECW is too large, the incrementing of ECW would stop. Besides, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, each time ECW is incremented 1, but other values would be also possible.
[0303] In a possible implementation, before transmitting a first frame or a second frame, the transmitting node may obtain a TXOP. The transmitting node may contend for channel access. Once the TXOP is obtained, the transmitting node can proceed to transmit the first frame.
[0304] FIG. 12 shows an example of a random access procedure including retransmission according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates an example that demonstrates the use of the Back-off slot Limit (BSL) fields in the AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames to avoid two potential issues in the backoff based random access procedure. In the upper half of FIG. 12, upon receiving the AMP Poll frame (with ECW = 3) , both AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 randomly initialize their backoff_counters to 4 and 5 respectively. AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 decrement their backoff_counters to 0 and 1 in the fourth back-off slot and since its backoff_counter is zero, STA-1 proceeds to transmit the response frame in the next back-off slot. However, the initiating AMP STA also transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame at the start of the fifth back-off slots thereby causing a collision with STA-1’s response. The initiating AMP STA transmits another AMP Re-Poll frame at a later time to continue the random access session. Upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame, STA-1 may mistakenly record the frame as an implicit Ack for its transmission (since the Nack is not set to indicate reception failure) and doesn’ t participate in the random access session. STA-2 continues to decrement its backoff_counter in the next empty back-off slot and proceeds to transmit at the next back-off slot since its backoff_counter reaches zero. However, the response frame could exceed the time duration of the TXOP.
[0305] The Back-off slots Limit (BSL) fields in the AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames can be used to avoid the above two issues. This is illustrated in the bottom half of FIG. 12. The AMP Poll frame, aside from indicating the ECW (which equals to 3) , also carry a Back-off slot Limit (BSL) (which equals to 4) that indicates the number of back-off slots available in the random access round triggered by the AMP Poll frame. In a random access round, a responding AMP STA may decrement its back-off counter in up to BSL slots but it shall not transmit in the random access round if its back-off counter at the start of the round is larger than (BSL -1) . Per this rule, both STAs decrement their backoff_counter to 0 and 1 respectively, however since both STA’s backoff_counters at the start of the round is larger than 3 (BSL -1) , STA-1 is not allowed to transmit in the fifth back-off slot, in which the initiating AMP STA is scheduled to transmit the AMP Re-Poll frame and hence a collision is avoided. Upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll, since its backoff_counter is zero, STA-1 transmits its response in the first back-off slot. Similarly, the initiating AMP STA sets the BSL to 1 in the second AMP Re-Poll to prevent any STA from transmitting in the second and higher back-off slots, thereby preventing the risk of exceeding the TXOP.
[0306] FIG. 13 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to the example in FIG. 13, once the initiating AMP STA wins the wireless medium contention and obtains a TXOP, it may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame to protect the TXOP. An SIFS after the CTS-to-Self frame, the initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP Poll frame to start a new random access session. It is to be noted that, as shown in FIG. 13, the AMP frames may be transmitted using narrower bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) . Also, the AMP frame transmitted by the initiating AMP STA may be preceded by the legacy 802.11 preamble (i.e., the 802.11a preamble made up of the L-STF, L-LTF and L-SIG) , but the AMP frame transmitted by the responding AMP STAs are not preceded by the legacy 802.11 preamble. Although it is not shown in FIG. 13, all AMP frames are assumed to be preceded by the AMP preamble and AMP PHY header.
[0307] In the example in FIG. 13, upon receiving the AMP Poll frame (ECW = 2, BSL = 4) , AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 qualify to participate in the random access session (e.g., based on the Network ID) and each randomly picks a backoff_counter in the range [0, 3] . AMP IoT STA-1 picks 1 while AMP IoT STA-2 picks 3. Both STA-1 and STA-2 decrement their backoff_counters in the first back-off slot and since STA-1’s backoff_counter reaches zero, it proceeds to transmit its response frame with the requested response type (STA ID) in the next back-off slot and waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame to check whether its transmission was successfully received. As for STA-2, since its CCA will return BUSY in the next back-off slot, will not decrement its backoff_counter and instead waits for the next AMP Re-Poll frame to continue the random access procedure.
[0308] Upon receiving an AMP Re-Poll frame, a responding AMP STA first checks whether it is eligible to participate in the random access session, e.g., checking whether the Network ID field matches the network id that the STA is pre-programmed with or if the Network ID is set to the broadcast value. It also checks whether the Poll ID field matches the Poll ID of the most recent random access session in which the STA had participated (i.e., the Poll ID carried in the AMP Poll that initiated the random access session) . If the responding AMP STA is eligible to participate, it would perform different actions based on the Nack value:
[0309] 1) If Nack is False, the AMP Re-Poll indicates the implicit acknowledgment for a STA that had transmitted a response in the previous random access round triggered by a poll frame preceding the AMP Re-Poll frame, the STA will mark its transmission as acknowledged for this random access session and does not participate in the random access session;
[0310] 2) If Nack is True, the AMP Re-Poll indicates the reception failure for a STA that had transmitted a response in the previous random access round triggered by a poll frame preceding the AMP Re-Poll frame, the STA will perform the retransmission procedure as explained earlier with reference to FIG. 10.
[0311] In the example in FIG. 13, upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame (BSL = 3) , since Nack is False, STA-1 marks its transmission as successfully received and does not contend in the random access session anymore. As for STA-2, it continues to decrement its backoff_counter in the next two back-off slots, reaching zero in the second back-off slots and since its backoff_counter was lesser than BSL at the start of the round, it proceeds to transmit in the third back-off slot.
[0312] FIG. 14 shows an example of a random access procedure in a retransmission scenario according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Although the figure doesn’ t show the start of the TXOPs, it is assumed that an 802.11 frame (e.g., CTS-to-self) is transmitted at the start of the TXOP to protect the TXOP.
[0313] As shown in FIG. 14, upon receiving the AMP Poll frame both AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2 happen to pick the same backoff_counter (= 1) and after decrementing their backoff_counter to zero in the first back-off slot, they both transmit their respective responses in the second back-off slot resulting in a failed reception (due to collision) at the initiating AMP STA. Since the initiating AMP STA detected a failed reception in the first random access round triggered by the AMP Poll frame, the initiating AMP STA transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame with the Nack set to True to continue the random access session and also indicating the failed reception in the previous random access round. Upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll, since both STA-1 and STA-2 had transmitted in the previous random access round, both increment the ECW (to 3) and pick a random backoff_counter in [0, 7] . STA-1 picks 0 while STA-2 picks 4. STA-1 proceeds to transmit its response in the first back-off slot while STA-2 detecting channel busy in the slot, pauses its random access and waits for the AMP Re-Poll frame. The initiating AMP STA continues the random access session in the next TXOP by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll with the Nack set as False. STA-1 marks its transmission as acknowledged while STA-2 continues with the random access procedure going on to decrement its backoff_counter to zero in the fourth back-off slot and transmits its response in the first back-off slot following the next AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0314] FIG. 15 shows an example state machine that may be implemented by a receiving node according to one or more embodiments. A receiving node that is just powered up and is not already participating in a random access session will be in the Init state, until it receives a qualifying first frame (shown as AMP Poll frame in FIG. 15) which will move its state to Contending. The receiving node’s state will remain at Contending until it decrements its backoff_counter to zero and transmits its response frame (that is, a first response) . Once the STA transmits its response frame, its state moves to the TXed state. Once in the TXed state, if the STA receives a qualifying second frame (shown as AMP Re-Poll frame in FIG. 15) with the Nack set to False, the state moves to Init. However, instead if the STA receives a qualifying AMP-Poll frame (which may correspond to a new random access session) or a qualifying AMP Re-Poll frame with the Nack set to True, the state moves back to the Contending state. Any timeout event that causes the STA to deplete all its power will reset its state machine and cause the state to move back to the Init state.
[0315] The initiating AMP STA can use the information collected during a random access session (e.g., STA IDs) in a subsequent session to perform one-to-one communication with the responding AMP STAs. FIG. 16 shows an example of a procedure after a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to the example in FIG. 16, the initiating AMP STA collects the IDs of qualifying STAs in its coverage (STA-1 and STA-2) using the random access procedure in FIG. 14 in TXOP-1 and TXOP-2. Subsequently, once it knows that STA-1 and STA-2 are present in its coverage, it uses directed (unicast) AMP commands to communicate with the two STAs in TXOP-3. For example, the AMP command can be request for the STA to transmit its battery status, or some other sensor data etc.
[0316] FIG. 17 shows an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. An example illustrating the potential risk of a long random access round is given in FIG. 17. The top half of the figure is as same as the example shown in FIG. 4 while the bottom half of FIG. 17 shows the backoff process of a third party 802.11 STA that is contending for the wireless medium, e.g., using EDCA. Assuming that the third party 802.11 STA’s EDCA backoff_counter is equal to 1 when it receives the AMP Poll frame, it defers its channel contention for the duration of the AMP Poll frame (e.g., due to CCA BUSY) .
[0317] Once the medium becomes idle upon the completion of the AMP Poll frame, the third party 802.11 STA monitors the medium for a period of DIFS. If the duration of the first random access round is longer than DIFS, and if there is no response in any of the first two back-off slots, the STA will proceed to perform CCA in the next back-off slot (equal to a time period aSlotDuration) and since the medium is idle, decrements its backoff_counter to zero and proceeds to transmit a frame (e.g., CTS-to-Self) frame at the start of the next slot boundary and effectively hijacking the TXOP from the initiating AMP STA. This results in the random access session being disrupted for the AMP IoT STAs.
[0318] In a possible implementation, when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, the transmitting node may start to transmit the second frame within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) or at an end of the DIFS, the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame. When none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, the transmitting node (e.g., an initiating AMP STA) can be allowed to start transmitting the second frame (e.g., an AMP Re-Poll frame) within a DIFS or at an end of the DIFS. DIFS is a time interval used to determine access to the medium and is typically longer than other inter frame spaces to accommodate different types of traffic. The DIFS period may start from the end of the first frame. That is to say, after the transmission of the first frame is completed, the transmitting node may wait for a period and initiate the transmission of the second frame before / at the end of DIFS. This implementation can allow the transmitting node to efficiently use the medium without unnecessary delays. Since the second frame is initiated before or at the end of DIFS, other third party 802.11 STAs are prevented from hijacking the TXOP during the random access session. The scheme can allow the transmitting node to adjust its transmission strategy flexibly based on network conditions and the response status of receiving nodes.
[0319] In a possible implementation, in addition to transmitting the second frame within the DIFS, a priority inter frame space (PIFS) shorter than the DIFS may also be taken into account. The start of the second frame may come after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or align with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame. The start of the second frame may be scheduled to come after the end of a PIFS or align with the end of the PIFS. PIFS is a shorter interval than DIFS and is used by stations with higher priority to gain access to the medium more quickly. Similar to DIFS, PIFS starts from the end of the first frame. The transmitting node can choose to transmit the second frame immediately after PIFS to prevent third party 802.11 STAs from occupying the channel with their possibly higher priority data. This approach allows for more efficient use of the communication medium, especially in scenarios where the transmitting node has important information to convey and there is no immediate high-priority traffic detected. The ability to choose between starting after PIFS or aligning with the end of PIFS provides flexibility in the protocol, enabling the transmitting node to make a decision based on current network conditions and the urgency of the transmission.
[0320] A specific example is shown in FIG. 18 for depicting the case where the start of the second frame is within DIFS and aligned with the end of PIFS. As shown in FIG. 18, by carefully choosing an appropriately small back-off slot duration (e.g., 6 μS which is less than aSlotDuration at 2.4 GHz (9 μS) and restricting the number of back-off slots per random access round, an initiating AMP STA can prevent third party STAs from hijacking its TXOP if there is no response during the random access round, by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame at an end of a PIFS (19 μS) after the completion of the immediately preceding AMP Poll or AMP Re-Poll frame. In order to achieve this in the 2.4 GHz band, the back-off slots may start at 7 μS after the end of the preceding frame and the BSL may be to set 2 to restrict the number of back-off slots to 2. Similarly, in the sub 1-GHz band, if the back-off slots start at 56 μS after the end of the preceding frame and if the back-off slot duration is set as aSlotDuration (52 μS) , the BSL may be to set 3 to restrict the number of back-off slots to 3. This allows the initiating AMP STA to transmit the next AMP Re-Poll frame at the PIFS (212 μS) boundary if there is no response during any of the back-off slots.
[0321] This procedure complies with the rules for multiple frame exchange in a TXOP while preventing TXOP hijacking by third party 802.11 STAs. However, a risk remains which is the potential collision with high priority traffic that may be allowed to pre-empt the initiating AMP STA’s TXOP and transmit its high priority traffic at the PIFS boundary.
[0322] A specific example is shown in FIG. 19 for depicting the case where the start of the second frame is within DIFS but not aligned with the end of PIFS. FIG. 19 illustrates an alternate approach that may prevent the potential collision with high priority traffic. In this example, the initiating AMP STA either allocates an extra back-off slot in a random access round (the top half of FIG. 19) , or the back-off slots may be designed to start a bit late (the bottom half of FIG. 19) such that the AMP Re-Poll frame is scheduled to start a bit after PIFS but prior to DIFS. If a third party STA pre-empts the initiating AMP STA’s TXOP and transmit its high priority traffic at the PIFS boundary, the AMP STAs CCA will return BUSY and they will not transmit in that back-off slot or the next. Else if all back-off slots are IDLE, the initiating AMP STA will transmit the AMP Re-Poll to retain its TXOP.
[0323] Besides, as shown in FIG. 19, for the 2.4GHz case, the last back-off slot following the AMP Poll frame is aligned with the end of PIFS, it is also possible that these two are not aligned, which is shown in FIG. 20. As illustrated in FIG. 20, having two back-off slots per random access round can significantly reduce the time required to complete a random access session. However, as described earlier, if there are no responses in either of the backoff slots, the entire DIFS duration will be idle and there is risk that higher priority 802.11 traffics (e.g., access categories AC_VO, AC_VI) may hijack the TXOP. This risk may be mitigated by defining a new IFS e.g., called Maximum backoff inter frame space (MIFS) , that is larger than PIFS but smaller than DIFS:
[0324] MIFS = aSIFSTime + 1.5 x aSlotTime
[0325] For example, at 2.4 GHz, MIFS would be 23.5 μS. If the back-off slots start at (SIFS -0.5 x aSlotTime) = 5.5 μS, and each back-off slot duration = aSlotTime, the same effect as illustrated in the top half of FIG. 19 is achieved, such that the AMP Re-Poll frame is scheduled to start a bit after an end of PIFS but prior to an end of DIFS. If a third party STA pre-empts the initiating AMP STA’s TXOP and transmit its high priority traffic at the PIFS boundary, the AMP STAs CCA will return BUSY and they will not transmit in that back-off slot or the next. Else if both back-off slots are IDLE, the initiating AMP STA, as the TXOP holder, transmits the AMP Re-Poll a MIFS after the completion of the previous frame (either AMP Poll or AMP Re-Poll) to retain its TXOP.
[0326] In a possible implementation, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may be equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame may be equal to a time period aSlotDuration. This more relaxed version is illustrated in FIG. 21, in which each back-off slot is equal to aSlotDuration (9 μS) and the back-off slots start at the SIFS (10 μS) boundary. FIG. 21 also shows the possibility of making the second frame start at the end of DIFS. By controlling the number of back-off slots allocated per random access round, the initiating AMP STA can control the transmission time of its AMP Re-Poll frames. By default, the initiating AMP STA may start a random access session and allocate two back-off slots per random access round, as illustrated in the bottom half of FIG. 21. As explained with reference to FIG. 17, if there are no responses in either of the back-off slots, the entire DIFS duration will be idle and there is risk that higher priority 802.11 traffics (e.g., access categories AC_VO, AC_VI) may hijack the TXOP. If such events occur frequently, or above a certain threshold value, the initiating AMP STA may switch to a more aggressive mode by reducing the number of back-off slots per random access round to one, as illustrated in the top half of FIG. 21. In this case, if there is no transmission in the first back-off slot, the initiating AMP STA transmits the AMP Re-Poll at the PIFS boundary, thereby preventing TXOP hijacking by normal traffics of 802.11 STAs.
[0327] By reducing the duration of back-off slots and / or starting the back-off slots a bit earlier than SIFs, the initiating AMP STA can reduce the chances of TXOP hijacking by third party 802.11 STAs.
[0328] Even if a random access TXOP is pre-empted, the random access session can be recovered as long as the responding STAs have enough power and are able to maintain their state and backoff_counter. FIG. 22 shows an example of random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, TXOP-1 is pre-empted by another 802.11 STA after the first random access round triggered by AMP Poll frame. The initiating AMP STA may contend for another TXOP to resume the random access session. When the initiating AMP STA wins the second TXOP (shown as TXOP-2 in FIG. 22) , the initiating AMP STA can continue the random access session by transmitting an AMP Re-Poll frame to AMP IoT STA-1 and AMP IoT STA-2. So, at a later point in time the initiating AMP STA obtains another TXOP and is able to resume the random access session and both AMP IoT STAs successfully complete their transmissions.
[0329] Due to the low data rate available for AMP devices, it is highly probable that an AMP IoT STA’s response frames will occupy a much longer duration as compared to the duration of a back-off slot. In a possible implementation, the receiving node may receive a third frame from a further receiving node, where the third frame carries a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame, and the receiving node may suspend channel sensing for a period based on the duration of the third frame. The further receiving node also responds to the first frame, and the third frame may carry a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame, based on the duration indicated in the third frame, the receiving node can suspend its channel sensing activities for that period. This means the receiving node can stop monitoring the channel for a certain time, knowing that the transmission from the further receiving node will occupy the channel. This mechanism can improve energy efficiency for receiving nodes, especially for AMP IoT STAs. By suspending channel sensing when the channel is known to be occupied, these devices can conserve power, which may be particularly important for devices that may have limited energy sources.
[0330] FIG. 23 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a random access procedure according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In order to assist an AMP IoT STA to save power, an AMP IoT STA’s response frame may include a duration field that indicates the expected transmission duration of the frame. Instead of continuing to perform carrier sensing, a responding AMP STA (AMP IoT STA-2) can use the duration information to sleep till the end of the response frame to save power. As shown in FIG. 23, the AMP IoT STA-2 receives a response of the AMP IoT STA-1 and the response includes the duration of the response from the AMP IoT STA-1. The AMP IoT STA-2 can sleep till the end of the AMP IoT STA-1’s response to save power and start before the transmission of the next AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0331] FIG. 24 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. A simpler version the backoff based random access procedure with a single back-off slot per random access round is illustrated in FIG. 24. This may be referred as the single back-off slot mode. Each poll frame is followed by one back-off slot. Although not as efficient from the air time usage point of view, the single back-off slot mode may be preferable for AMP IoT STAs that are susceptible to timing drifts due to hardware constraints etc. The operations are similar to the embodiments mentioned above, except that the number of back-off slots that follow a poll frame from the initiating AMP STA is limited to one. The initiating AMP STA can enforce this mode by setting the BSL to one in all AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames.
[0332] The random access procedure is the same as described for embodiments mentioned above, except that only a single opportunity to transmit or to decrement the backoff_counter exist after each AMP Poll or AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0333] The random access procedure for the single back-off slot mode may be further simplified by not requiring the responding AMP STAs to perform CCA during the back-off slot, but simply allowing them to decrement their back-off slot by one every time an AMP Re-Poll frame is received. This would simplify the procedure for the responding AMP STAs and potentially also increase the air efficiency since the backoff_counters are decremented regardless of the IDLE / BUSY status of the back-off slots.
[0334] FIG. 25 shows an example of a random access session according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The same example in FIG. 24 but this time with the initiating AMP STA setting the BSL to two in all AMP Poll and Re-Poll frames are illustrated in FIG. 25. It can be seen that by increasing the number of back-off slots to two per random access round, the random access session can be completed with just two frames from the initiating AMP STA, instead of four required for the example in FIG. 24. In this example, the initiating AMP STA has set the Response Type to ID and Data (e.g., battery status) , and hence each responding AMP STA, upon winning the random access contention, transmits its ID as well as its battery status.
[0335] A similar example as the example in FIG. 14, with failed receptions in the first random access round (in TXOP-1) , but operating in the single slot mode, is illustrated in FIG. 26. The description is similar to that for FIG. 14, except that the initiating AMP STA sets the BSL to one in all AMP Poll and AMP Re-Poll frames, which will not be repeated here.
[0336] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) carrying the first frame may indicate a first duration covering an end of a PPDU carrying the first response. Here the first response may be transmitted at the start of any of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, especially at the start of the last one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame. The length field within the SIG field of a PPDU is a segment of the PHY header that conveys information about the length of the payload carried in the PPDU. The first duration covers up to the end of the frame that is carrying the first response. This means that the length field can be set to a value that accounts for the entire transmission time of the particular frame carried in the PPDU as well as the subsequent response frame from the responding AMP STAs including any empty back-off slots, ensuring that the timeframe for the response is clearly defined. In this way, a random access round can be robust against pre-emption by third party STAs. It should be noted that the above design also applies for the second frame, e.g., AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0337] The risk of TXOP hijack can be further mitigated by extending the protection provided by the legacy 802.11 preamble that precedes the AMP frames. The SIG field of the legacy 802.11 preamble can be set such that it provides protection for the DL AMP Frame as well as the subsequent response frame from the responding AMP STAs including any empty back-off slots. Two examples in the 2.4 GHz are illustrated in FIG. 27:
[0338] 1) Example 1 (top half of FIG. 27) : to protect against the no response case, the LENGTH field in the L-SIG is set to cover the entire duration of the AMP DL PPDU + the estimated time required for maximum number of back-off slots + IFSs, here the IFSs include white gaps between the end of the AMP frame and the starting of the back-off slots.
[0339] 2) Example 2 (bottom half of FIG. 27) : to extend the protection to the AMP IoT STA’s response frame: The LENGTH field in the L-SIG is set to cover the entire duration of the AMP DL PPDU + IFS + the estimated time required for one AMP response frame transmitted in the last back-off slot.
[0340] In an AMP DL PPDU that carries an AMP frame for backscattering AMP STAs, the RATE field of L-SIG field shall be set to b1101, which is the value representing 6 Mb / sin the 20 MHz channel. The Length field set in the L-SIG (L_LENGTH) for example 2 is calculated as follows:
[0341] Here, TXTIME (μS) = TLEGACY-PREAMBLE + TAMP-PREAMBLE + TSym x NSym_DL + TBackoff + TSym x NSym_UL
[0342] TLEGACY-PREAMBLE is the time required for the legacy preamble.
[0343] TAMP-PREAMBLE is the time required for the AMP Preamble in the DL PPDU.
[0344] TSym is the duration of one AMP symbol in the AMP frame in the either DL or UL AMP PPDU.
[0345] NSym_DL is the number of AMP symbols in the AMP frame in the DL PPDU.
[0346] NSym_UL is the number of expected AMP symbols in the AMP frame in the UL PPDU.
[0347] TBackoff is the expected duration of the maximum number of back-off slots minus one.
[0348] The Length field of the SIG field of a SIG preamble can be used in a similar manner if the AMP DL PPDU is transmitted in the sub-1GHz band.
[0349] FIG. 28 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 28, a wireless communication apparatus 2800 may be applied to a receiving node, and may include:
[0350] a receiving module 2801, configured to receive a first frame from a transmitting node, where the first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node;
[0351] a transmitting module 2802, configured to participate in the random access according to the first frame.
[0352] In a possible implementation, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.
[0353] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0354] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0355] In a possible implementation, when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session and the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, the transmitting module 2802 is configured to:
[0356] transmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0357] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0358] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2802 is configured to:
[0359] when the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node is not greater than the back-off limit minus one, determine that the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0360] In a possible implementation, a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a first duration covering an end of a frame carrying the first response.
[0361] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2801 is configured to:
[0362] receive a second frame from the transmitting node, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session;
[0363] where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0364] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2802 is configured to:
[0365] when the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the second frame, transmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0366] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0367] In a possible implementation, the number of idle back-off slots is zero, the transmitting module 2802 is configured to:
[0368] transmit the first response at a start of a leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0369] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2802 is configured to:
[0370] when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, retransmit the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0371] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a second preset number of back-off slots.
[0372] In a possible implementation, the second preset number of back-off slots is determined based on a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response, where the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response is greater than a total number of back-off slots available for the transmission associated with the at least one back- off slot following the first frame.
[0373] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2801 is configured to receive a third frame from a further receiving node, where the third frame carries a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame;
[0374] the transmitting module 2802 is configured to suspend channel sensing for a period based on the duration of the third frame.
[0375] In a possible implementation, the start of the second frame is within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0376] In a possible implementation, the start of the second frame is aligned with a DIFS, where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0377] In a possible implementation, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0378] In a possible implementation, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration.
[0379] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0380] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0381] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0382] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0383] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0384] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0385] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0386] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0387] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0388] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0389] It should be noted that the wireless communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the receiving node in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0390] FIG. 29 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 29, a wireless communication apparatus 2900 may be applied to a transmitting node, and may include:
[0391] a transmitting module 2901 configured to:
[0392] generate a first frame, where the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on a TXOP obtained by the transmitting node;
[0393] transmit the first frame.
[0394] In a possible implementation, the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, where the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.
[0395] In a possible implementation, the wireless communication apparatus 2900 further includes a receiving module 2902, configured to receive a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;
[0396] where a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0397] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is configured to:
[0398] transmit a second frame, where the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, where the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, where the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session; where the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0399] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2902 is configured to:
[0400] receive a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;
[0401] where a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.
[0402] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is configured to:
[0403] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, start to transmit the second frame within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0404] In a possible implementation, the start of the second frame aligns with an end of a maximum backoff inter frame space (MIFS) , where the MIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0405] In a possible implementation, the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, where the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame.
[0406] In a possible implementation, each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration.
[0407] In a possible implementation, the transmitting the second frame includes:
[0408] when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame at an end of a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , where the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.
[0409] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0410] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0411] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.
[0412] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.
[0413] In a possible implementation, the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.
[0414] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.
[0415] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.
[0416] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.
[0417] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0418] In a possible implementation, the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.
[0419] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is configured to:
[0420] obtain the TXOP.
[0421] It should be noted that the wireless communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the transmitting node in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0422] FIG. 30 shows a structural diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 30, the electronic device 3000 may include: a processor 3001 coupled with a memory 3002 in a communicative way via an interface 3003; where the memory 3002 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 3001 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 3002 for executing any of the above wireless communication methods implemented by a receiving node. It should be noted that, the memory 3002 may be included or excluded from the electronic device, depending on actual needs.
[0423] FIG. 31 shows a structural diagram of another electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 31, the electronic device 3100 may include: a processor 3101 coupled with a memory 3102 in a communicative way via an interface 3103; where the memory 3102 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 3101 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 3102 for executing any of the above wireless communication methods implemented by a transmitting node. It should be noted that, the memory 3102 may be included or excluded from the electronic device, depending on actual needs.
[0424] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus including processing circuitry for executing any of the above methods. It should be understood that the apparatus can execute the steps in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0425] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, where the processor is configured to call and run computer execution instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute any of the above methods. When the device installing the chip executes any of the above methods, the “transmitting” steps above-mentioned may refer to output a signal for transmission over a communication medium with or without an antenna.
[0426] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0427] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0428] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0429] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication system, including a transmitting node and a receiving node. The transmitting node is configured to execute the steps executed by the transmitting node in any of the above wireless communication methods, and the receiving node is configured to execute the steps executed by the receiving node in any of the above wireless communication methods.
[0430] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0431] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0432] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0433] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of the present application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, “sending (or transmitting) information to... (an electronic device (ED) or a base station) ” in the present application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, “receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) ” may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in the present application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of the present application.
[0434] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0435] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0436] Although the present disclosure describes methods and processes with steps in a certain order, one or more steps of the methods and processes may be omitted or altered as appropriate. One or more steps may take place in an order other than that in which they are described, as appropriate.
[0437] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0438] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0439] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0440] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0441] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0442] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. “At least one” means one or more, and “a plurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ” usually indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0443] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0444] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0445] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0446] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0447] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method applied to a receiving node, comprising:receiving a first frame from a transmitting node, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on at least one transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the transmitting node;participating in the random access according to the first frame.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, wherein the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, wherein the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the first frame carries a first session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.4.The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first frame carries a first slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.5.The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the participating in the random access according to the first frame comprises:when the first frame indicates that the receiving node is eligible to participate in the random access of the random access session and the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;wherein a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the determination of whether the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame comprises:when the first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node is not greater than the back-off limit minus one, determining that the receiving node is allowed to transmit the first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.7.The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a length field in a SIG field of the first frame indicates a first duration covering an end of a frame carrying the first response.8.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:receiving a second frame from the transmitting node, wherein the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, wherein the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, wherein the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session;wherein the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.9.The method according to claim 8, where the participating in the random access according to the first frame comprises:when the receiving node is determined to be allowed to transmit a first response based on the at least one back-off slot following the second frame, transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;wherein a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the number of idle back-off slots is zero;wherein the transmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame comprises:transmitting the first response at a start of a leading one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.11.The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising:when the second frame indicates that the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed, retransmitting the first response at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;wherein a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a second preset number of back-off slots.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the second preset number of back-off slots is determined based on a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response, wherein the total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for the retransmission of the first response is greater than a total number of back-off slots available for the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.13.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising:receiving a third frame from a further receiving node, wherein the third frame carries a response of the further receiving node and indicates a duration of the third frame;suspending channel sensing for a period based on the duration of the third frame.14.A wireless communication method applied to a transmitting node, comprising:generating a first frame, wherein the first frame is used for instructing a receiving node to participate in random access of a random access session, and the random access session is based on a TXOP obtained by the transmitting node;transmitting the first frame.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the first frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the first frame, wherein the back-off slot limit for the first frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the first frame, wherein the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is available for the participation of the random access.16.The method according to claim 15, further comprising:receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame;wherein a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the first frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.17.The method according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising:transmitting a second frame, wherein the second frame indicates the random access session and a back-off slot limit for the second frame, wherein the back-off slot limit for the second frame indicates a number of at least one back-off slot following the second frame, wherein the at least one back-off slot following the second frame is available for the participation of the random access session; wherein the second frame further indicates whether a transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.18.The method according to claim 17, further comprising:receiving a first response transmitted by the receiving node at a start of one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame;wherein a sum of a number of preceding idle back-off slots before the reception of the second frame and a number of idle back-off slots among the at least one back-off slot following the second frame and before the one of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame matches with a first preset number of back-off slots for the receiving node.19.The method according to claim 17, wherein the transmitting the second frame comprises:when none of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is used for transmission of a response associated with the random access session, starting to transmit the second frame within a distributed inter frame space (DIFS) , wherein the DIFS starts from an end of the first frame.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the start of the second frame comes after an end of a priority inter frame space (PIFS) or aligns with the end of the PIFS, wherein the PIFS starts from the end of the first frame.21.The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal in length, and a length of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is equal to a time period aSlotDuration.22.The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the second frame carries a second random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.23.The method according to claim any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second frame carries a second grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.24.The method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the second frame carries a second session identifier field indicating an identification of the random access session.25.The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the second frame carries a second slot field indicating the number of the at least one back-off slot following the second frame.26.The method according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the second frame carries an acknowledge field indicating whether the transmission associated with the at least one back-off slot following the first frame is failed.27.The method according to any one of claims 15 to 26, wherein the first frame carries a slot duration field indicating a duration of each of the at least one back-off slot following the first frame.28.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 27, wherein the first frame carries a first random access type field indicating whether the random access session is a back-off based random access session.29.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 28, wherein the first frame carries a first grouping identifier field indicating a group targeted by the random access session.30.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 29, wherein the first frame carries a response type field indicating a type of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.31.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 30, wherein the first frame carries a transmission size field indicating a total number of back-off slots available in the random access session for transmission of a response expected to be responded by the receiving node.32.The method according to any one of claims 14 to 31, further comprising:obtaining the TXOP.33.A wireless communication apparatus, comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 32.34.A computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 32.35.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 32.
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