Sound-producing device, headrest system, seat and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a sound-producing device, a headrest system, a seat and a vehicle, which apply to the technical field of electronics. The sound-producing device comprises: an enclosure, and a speaker and a barrier layer which are mounted on the enclosure; one side of the enclosure is provided with a first opening, and the barrier layer is arranged at the first opening; and the speaker is arranged opposite the barrier layer, and there is a spacing between the barrier layer and the end of the speaker close to the barrier layer. In the present application, the barrier layer provided at the opening can effectively adjust a radiated sound field of the speaker, thereby changing the audio experience in a target area while reducing the impact on other areas. In addition, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.

Description

Sound-emitting devices, headrest systems, seats and vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410873648.3, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on June 28, 2024, entitled "Sound-generating device, headrest system, seat and vehicle", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of electronic technology, and more particularly to a sound-generating device, a headrest system, a seat, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] With the rapid development and application of smart cockpits, they can provide customers with a superior user experience. To enhance the audio experience for users in different areas (such as the driver's area, passenger area, or rear seats), local active noise cancellation can be used to cancel out noise in different areas, or zoned sound field reproduction can be used to generate different sound field effects in different areas, allowing passengers in different areas to achieve a personalized audio experience. However, when local active noise cancellation and zoned sound field reproduction change the noise or sound field in one area, they can also affect other areas. For example, the reverse sound waves generated by local active noise cancellation in the driver's area can propagate to the rear seats, affecting the noise cancellation effect in the rear seats.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the impact on other areas when changing the sound effect experience of the target area has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a sound-generating device, headrest system, seat, and vehicle that can reduce the impact on other areas when changing the sound experience in a target area.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a sound-generating device, which includes: a housing, a speaker and a blocking layer mounted on the housing; a first opening is provided on one side of the housing, and the blocking layer is disposed in the first opening; the speaker and the blocking layer are disposed opposite each other, and there is a gap between the end of the speaker near the blocking layer and the blocking layer.

[0008] In this application, the speaker and the blocking layer are arranged opposite each other in the sound-generating device, with the blocking layer positioned at the opening of the enclosure opposite the speaker. This structure allows for control of the sound propagation path, controlling the directional propagation and directivity of the sound, concentrating the sound primarily in the area where the speaker is located, and reducing the impact of the sound on other areas. The blocking layer absorbs some sound energy, reducing interference and echoes, and decreasing the ability of sound to propagate to other areas, thereby lowering the sound pressure level in those areas. The blocking layer positioned at the opening can also effectively adjust the radiated sound field of the speaker. That is, when the speaker of the sound-generating device emits sound, the sound pressure level in the area where the speaker is located differs from that in other areas. This sound-generating device can reduce the impact on other areas when changing the sound experience in the target area. Furthermore, it has a simple structure and low cost. The structure of the cavity and the blocking layer can achieve a more uniform and balanced sound field distribution across different frequency ranges, achieving optimal acoustic performance and user experience.

[0009] According to the first aspect, the loudspeaker can be a closed loudspeaker, and the loudspeaker unit can be a moving loudspeaker.

[0010] According to the first aspect, or any implementation of the first aspect above, the barrier layer is disposed inside the box, the barrier layer is embedded with a first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the inner surface of the box.

[0011] In some examples, the enclosure includes a second opening, and the speaker's sound outlet is fitted into the second opening. The first and second openings may be the same size or different sizes.

[0012] In some examples, the height of the barrier layer is related to the cabinet height and the speaker height.

[0013] In this application, the first opening and the second opening are arranged opposite each other within the enclosure. A barrier layer is disposed within the enclosure, with the first opening embedded in the barrier layer and the second opening embedded in the speaker. When the speaker emits sound, the barrier layer controls the radiation intensity and directionality of the speaker's back-facing sound waves, thereby affecting the overall sound field distribution. The sound is mainly concentrated in the area where the sound-emitting device is located (e.g., sound is concentrated in the driver's area), which enhances the fullness and directivity of the sound, resulting in a high sound pressure level in this area. The sound received by the area away from the sound-emitting device (which can also be described as other areas) (e.g., the rear seat area) is processed by the barrier layer. Because the barrier layer absorbs some sound energy, it reduces reflections and echoes. Therefore, the barrier layer reduces the impact of the sound-emitting device on the area away from the sound-emitting device, resulting in a lower sound pressure level in this area. This design allows users in different areas to enjoy different audio experiences and creates a private audio experience for users, meeting the needs of different users. Moreover, the cavity in the sound-emitting device increases the volume of air inside the enclosure, which increases the acoustic volume within the enclosure and improves the low-frequency performance of the speaker. This allows for a more uniform and balanced sound field distribution across different frequency ranges, resulting in optimal acoustic performance and user experience.

[0014] In some examples, the barrier layer and the housing can be connected by adhesive or gluing.

[0015] In other examples, a frame connects the barrier layer and the enclosure, with the barrier layer filling within the frame, which is then connected to the enclosure. The frame serves as the supporting structure for the barrier layer. The plane within the frame parallel to the first opening in the enclosure is unsealed to allow sound transmission. The plane within the frame connecting to the inner wall of the enclosure can be either sealed or unsealed.

[0016] According to the first aspect, or any implementation of the first aspect above, the barrier layer is disposed outside the housing, the barrier layer covers the first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening.

[0017] In some examples, the enclosure includes a second opening, and the speaker's sound outlet is fitted into the second opening. The first and second openings may be the same size or different sizes.

[0018] In this application, the first opening and the second opening are arranged opposite to each other in the enclosure, the blocking layer is arranged outside the enclosure and covers the first opening, and the speaker is embedded in the second opening, which increases the diversity of the sound-generating device structure.

[0019] According to the first aspect, or any implementation of the first aspect above, the barrier layer includes a first part and a second part connected to the first part; the first part is disposed inside the box, the first part is embedded with a first opening, and the edge of the first part is connected to the inner surface of the box; the second part is disposed outside the box, the second part covers the first opening, and the edge of the second part is connected to the end face of the box with the first opening.

[0020] In this application, both the inner and outer surfaces of the enclosure are equipped with barrier layers, which can absorb more energy and better reduce the impact of the speaker on other areas when it emits sound.

[0021] In some examples, the first opening in the enclosure is formed by connecting multiple side panels of the enclosure, with the center of the first opening at the center of the bottom panel of the enclosure, and the center of the second opening at the center of the top panel of the enclosure. The first and second openings are positioned opposite each other, and their sizes may be the same or different. Furthermore, a baffle layer is disposed at the first opening, and the speaker is disposed at the second opening. The line connecting the center of the baffle layer and the center of the speaker's outlet is perpendicular to the plane containing the speaker's outlet.

[0022] According to the first aspect, or any implementation of the first aspect above, the barrier layer includes a damping material, which is a material with a flow resistance value greater than 450.

[0023] In some examples, the barrier layer should be made of a high flow resistance material. Flow resistance is the product of flow resistance ratio and thickness.

[0024] According to the first aspect, or any of the above implementations of the first aspect, the damping material includes a porous material.

[0025] Secondly, this application provides another sound-generating device, which includes: a housing, a speaker and a blocking layer mounted on the housing; a first opening is provided on one side of the housing, and the blocking layer covers the first opening; the blocking layer is disposed outside the housing, and the edge of the blocking layer is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening; the speaker is disposed opposite to the blocking layer, and the end of the speaker near the blocking layer is in contact with the blocking layer.

[0026] In this application, the barrier layer is located outside the enclosure and is directly connected to the speaker, which can reduce the overall thickness of the sound-generating device and save space.

[0027] According to the second aspect, or any implementation of the second aspect above, the barrier layer includes a damping material, which is a material with a flow resistance value greater than 450.

[0028] According to the second aspect, or any implementation of the second aspect above, the damping material includes porous materials.

[0029] Thirdly, this application provides a headrest system comprising: a headrest and a sound-emitting device as described in the first aspect, or a headrest and a sound-emitting device as described in the second aspect, or a headrest, a sound-emitting device as described in the first aspect and a sound-emitting device as described in the second aspect, wherein the sound-emitting device is disposed close to the headrest.

[0030] In some examples, the headrest includes a cushion with one or more mounting holes for mounting a sound-generating device.

[0031] Fourthly, this application provides a seat that includes a sound-generating device as described in the first aspect, or a seat that includes a sound-generating device as described in the second aspect, or a sound-generating device as described in the first aspect and a sound-generating device as described in the second aspect.

[0032] Fifthly, this application provides a means of transportation that includes a sound-generating device as described in the first aspect, or a sound-generating device as described in the second aspect, or a headrest system as described in the third aspect, or a seat as described in the fourth aspect.

[0033] For example, vehicles include cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, lawnmowers, recreational vehicles, amusement park vehicles, construction equipment, trams, golf carts, trains, etc., and this application does not impose any particular limitation. The power of the above vehicles can be provided by gasoline, diesel, electricity, solar energy, or hydrogen energy, etc.

[0034] Sixthly, this application provides a method for designing a sound-generating device, which is used to design a sound-generating device as described in the first aspect. The method includes: acquiring vehicle data; determining the dimensions of the sound-generating device in a headrest system based on the vehicle data; determining a target area, a non-target area, target requirements, and input signals; determining the material of the blocking layer and fabricating blocking layers with different flow resistances; testing the frequency response of the sound-generating device in an anechoic chamber when blocking layers with different flow resistances are installed on the sound-generating device; constructing a finite element model of the sound-generating device and simulating the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the blocking layer in the anechoic chamber; calculating the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistances in the sound-generating device; determining the ratio of the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistances; determining the relationship between flow resistance and the volume velocity ratio; determining the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the blocking layer of each loudspeaker in the headrest system to the target area and the non-target area; determining the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area; determining the target flow resistance; and constructing the sound-generating device based on the target flow resistance.

[0035] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a method for designing a sound-generating device, which is used to design the sound-generating device as described in the second aspect. The method includes: acquiring vehicle data; determining the dimensions of the sound-generating device in a headrest system based on the vehicle data; determining a target area, a non-target area, a target requirement, and an input signal; determining the material of the blocking layer and fabricating blocking layers with different flow resistances; testing the frequency response of the sound-generating device at different measurement points in an anechoic chamber when blocking layers with different flow resistances are installed on the sound-generating device; if the frequency response difference of the sound-generating device at different measurement points in the anechoic chamber is greater than a preset value, then determining the flow resistance of the sound-generating device as a target flow resistance; and constructing the sound-generating device based on the target flow resistance.

[0036] Eighthly, this application provides a chip system including at least one processor and at least one interface circuit, the at least one interface circuit being used to perform transceiver functions, and the at least one processor being used to perform the method as described in the sixth or seventh aspect.

[0037] Ninthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described in the sixth or seventh aspect.

[0038] In a tenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product comprising: a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the sixth or seventh aspect. The technical effects corresponding to any implementation of the second to tenth aspects and each of the aspects are similar to those corresponding to the first aspect and any implementation of the first aspect described above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the seat provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the headrest system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the frame of the sound-generating device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-generating device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 10 is a second structural schematic diagram of the headrest system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of the sound-generating device design method provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 12 is a top view of the vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a sound-generating device constructed using simulation software provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between flow resistance and the average sound pressure difference between the target area and the non-target area provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 15 is a schematic flowchart of the sound-generating device design method provided in the embodiment of this application (II).

[0054] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between flow resistance and frequency response provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 17 is a sound pressure level distribution diagram provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 18 is a structural schematic diagram of the sound-generating device design device provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the chip system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0058] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0059] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0061] Referring to Figure 1, which is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 100, the vehicle 100 may include various subsystems, such as wheels 110, power system, computer system and vehicle body 120.

[0062] It is understood that vehicle 100 may include more or fewer subsystems, and each subsystem may include multiple components. Furthermore, each subsystem and component of vehicle 100 may be interconnected via wired or wireless means.

[0063] The power system and wheels 110 are mounted on the vehicle body 120, and the power system is connected to the wheels 110 in a transmission manner to drive the wheels 110 to rotate, thereby providing power for the movement of the vehicle 100. The number of wheels 110 can include 4, 6, 8, etc., and this embodiment will be described using 4 wheels 110 as an example. However, it is understood that this embodiment does not limit the number of wheels 110. Accordingly, two of the four wheels 110 (two front wheels) are located at the front of the vehicle body 120 along the longitudinal direction (the driving direction of the vehicle 100), and the remaining two wheels 110 (two rear wheels 110) are located at the rear of the vehicle body 120 along the longitudinal direction.

[0064] The power system can be connected to the two front wheels 110 (front-wheel drive); or, the power system can be connected to the two rear wheels 110 (rear-wheel drive); or, the power system can be connected to all four wheels 110 (four-wheel drive). This application embodiment does not limit this. In this application embodiment, the vehicle 100 can be a gasoline vehicle. Accordingly, the power system includes an internal combustion engine and a transmission connected to the internal combustion engine. The transmission is connected to the wheels 110, and the internal combustion engine drives the wheels 110 to rotate through the transmission, thereby driving the vehicle 100. Of course, the vehicle 100 in the application embodiment can also be an electric vehicle. Accordingly, the power system includes an electric motor and a power battery electrically connected to the electric motor. The electric motor is connected to the wheels 110. When driving, the power battery drives the electric motor to work, thereby driving the wheels 110 to rotate to provide driving force.

[0065] Some or all of the functions of vehicle 100 are controlled by a computer system. The computer system may include at least one processor and memory, the processor executing instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as memory. The computer system may also be multiple computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of vehicle 100 in a distributed manner.

[0066] The processor can be any conventional processor, such as a commercially available central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor can be a special-purpose device such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other hardware-based processor.

[0067] The computer system can control the functions of vehicle 100 based on inputs received from various vehicle subsystems (e.g., powertrain system, etc.).

[0068] In some embodiments, vehicle 100 may also include a vehicle controller (not shown in FIG1), which may also be described as a powertrain controller or an intelligent driving computing platform, and is the core control component of the entire vehicle. It collects input information from various systems and components, makes corresponding judgments based on the input information, and controls the actions of various components in vehicle 100 to drive vehicle 100.

[0069] The vehicle body 120 is configured as a vehicle cabin, which is divided into a driver's cab 121 and a passenger cabin 122 according to its position. When riding in the vehicle, the user is located in the driver's cab 121 or the passenger cabin 122. It can be understood that the passenger cabin 122 can also be divided into a front passenger area and a rear passenger area, which are not shown in Figure 1.

[0070] It is understood that the above components can be coupled together in a wired and / or wireless manner. The above components are merely an example; in practical applications, components in the various modules may be added or removed as needed. Figure 1 should not be construed as a limitation on the vehicle in the embodiments of this application.

[0071] The aforementioned vehicle 100 can be a new energy vehicle, electric vehicle, sedan, truck, motorcycle, bus, recreational vehicle, amusement park vehicle, golf cart, etc. The power of the aforementioned vehicle 100 can be provided by gasoline, diesel, electricity, solar energy, hydrogen energy, etc. The vehicle 100 can also be a ship, airplane, helicopter, lawnmower, construction equipment, tram, train, or other mobile means of transportation; this application does not impose any particular limitation.

[0072] To facilitate passenger comfort, vehicle 100 also includes a seat 130 as shown in Figure 2, which is located in the driver's cab 121 and passenger cabin 122. Seat 130 includes a seat cushion 131 and a backrest 132. The seat cushion 131 is connected to the vehicle body 120, and the backrest 132 is located at one end (rear end) of the seat cushion 131. Passengers can sit on the seat cushion 131 and lean their torso against the backrest 132. Vehicle 100 also includes a headrest system 140, which is located on the backrest 132. During passenger comfort, the headrest system 140 provides support and protection for the passenger's head, enhancing passenger comfort.

[0073] In some implementations, the headrest system 140 may be detachably connected to the top of the backrest 132. In other implementations, the headrest system 140 may be an integral part of the backrest 132, and this application embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0074] To provide users with a better audio experience, the headrest system 140 includes a headrest and a sound-emitting device, which is positioned close to the headrest. The number of sound-emitting devices can be one or more. The sound-emitting devices can be located within the headrest, or they can be located near the headrest. This application embodiment does not impose any limitations on this. For example, the sound-emitting devices can be located on both sides of the headrest.

[0075] Taking a headrest with sound-emitting devices located on both sides as an example, see Figure 3, which is a structural schematic diagram of the headrest system 140. Figure 3(a) shows the structural schematic diagram of the headrest system 140, which includes an outer cover 141, a headrest 142, and a sound-emitting device 143. The outer cover 141 covers the headrest 142 and comes into contact with the user's head. The material of the outer cover 141 can be leather, fabric, etc. The headrest 142 includes a buffer body to provide support for the user's head. The material of the buffer body can be sponge, rubber, or other materials with a certain degree of elasticity. The sound-emitting device 143 can be installed in the buffer body of the headrest 142. For example, the buffer body has mounting holes, and the sound-emitting device 143 is installed in the mounting holes.

[0076] Figure 3(b) shows a front view of the headrest system 140. The outer cover 141 may also include multiple through holes 144. The through holes 144 may be disposed on the outer cover 141 in areas corresponding to the sound-emitting device 143. When the sound-emitting device 143 emits sound, the sound can be transmitted to the user through the through holes 144. The embodiments of this application do not limit the number and shape of the through holes 144.

[0077] Understandably, the sound-emitting device 143 can create a sound field around the headrest system 140 to play audio to the user. For example, the sound-emitting device 143 can play music, play external warning sounds (such as the horns of other vehicles), perform active noise cancellation (play noise-canceling sounds), and provide private sounds (such as call sounds) to improve the user experience.

[0078] Of course, in some implementations, vehicle 100 may also include other sound-emitting devices. For example, a sound-emitting device may be installed on the inside of the door to play audio to the driver's cab 121 and / or passenger cabin 122. Alternatively, a sound-emitting device may be installed on the central control platform of vehicle 100.

[0079] Understandably, the sound-emitting device 143 in the headrest system 140 is closer to the user's ears than other sound-emitting devices in the vehicle 100, which has a greater impact on the user's hearing and affects the user's sound experience.

[0080] In practical use, when the headrest system 140 emits sound, it alters the sound field in the area where the headrest system 140 is located, and also affects the sound field in other areas. For example, if the driver in the driver's seat is playing music through the headrest system on the driver's seat, while the rear passengers are sleeping, the driver can hear the music. However, due to the propagation of sound, the sound from the driver's seat will travel to the rear passengers, with the sound intensity gradually decreasing with distance. The rear passengers will also hear some noise, affecting their rest.

[0081] Understandably, the above examples illustrate different areas of a vehicle, an enclosed space. In real-world applications, this problem also exists in everyday life and work scenarios. For instance, in a home, when someone listens to music or watches TV through a home theater, the sound can travel to other rooms, disturbing other family members' work or rest.

[0082] Therefore, how to reduce the impact on other areas when changing the sound effect experience in the target area and accurately control the sound has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0083] In some examples, near-field loudspeakers are designed in free space using the acoustic radiation mode method and spectral decomposition method to achieve a higher sound pressure level in the near field and a rapid attenuation of the sound pressure level in the far field. However, near-field loudspeakers designed using the above methods require a large number of loudspeaker units, resulting in high costs; furthermore, these near-field loudspeakers are designed based on the characteristics of free-space sound fields and are not suitable for irregularly shaped vehicle cabins.

[0084] In other examples, in free space, the speaker is housed within an enclosure, with damping material installed at the enclosure's opening and connected to the speaker. The damping material can influence the radiation pattern of sound waves at the opening when the speaker is emitting sound, thus adjusting the speaker's radiation characteristics and directivity. However, these examples are for free space and not applied to a vehicle cabin.

[0085] In other examples, directional sound projection and control are achieved in the vehicle cabin using end-firing directional arrays. Specifically, sound-emitting devices, employing end-firing directional arrays, are installed on both sides of the headrest. Because end-firing directional arrays exhibit directional distribution in a direction perpendicular to the speaker array, when designing end-firing directional arrays on the seat, the end-firing directional arrays on both sides of the headrest must be positioned perpendicular to the headrest. The end-firing directional arrays on both sides of the headrest form a semi-enclosed structure, covering the back and sides of the user's head. However, this semi-enclosed headrest structure is detrimental to driving, restricting head movement; it also obstructs the user's field of vision, increasing blind spots and hindering the user's observation of traffic conditions; it increases driving risks and safety hazards, affecting driving comfort and safety.

[0086] In other examples, directional sound projection and control are achieved in the vehicle cabin using phase-shifting sources. Specifically, a sound-generating device, employing a supercardioid phase-shifting source, is installed in the headrest of each seat in the vehicle cabin. The supercardioid phase-shifting source can change the phase of sound waves, focusing sound energy on a specific area and attenuating sound from other directions. However, phase-shifting sources need to be installed on each seat, resulting in a complex structure and high cost.

[0087] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a sound-generating device comprising a housing, a speaker mounted within the housing, and a blocking layer. A cavity exists between the speaker and the blocking layer, or the speaker and the blocking layer are in contact, with the blocking layer disposed outside the housing. This design effectively adjusts the radiated sound field of the speaker, reducing the impact on other areas when altering the sound experience in a target area. Furthermore, it features a simple structure and low cost.

[0088] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0089] The following describes the sound-generating device provided in the embodiments of this application, using a vehicle as an example. It is understood that the sound-generating device in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other scenarios (such as home, work, entertainment, etc.).

[0090] This application provides a sound-generating device, which includes a housing, a speaker mounted on the housing, and a blocking layer. One side of the housing has a first opening, and the blocking layer is disposed in the first opening; the speaker and the blocking layer are disposed opposite each other, and there is a gap between the end of the speaker closest to the blocking layer and the blocking layer.

[0091] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the speaker and the blocking layer are not in direct contact, and there is a cavity between the speaker and the blocking layer.

[0092] In this embodiment of the application, the speaker may be a closed speaker.

[0093] Understandably, because the enclosure is sealed, the speaker unit's vibration is constrained, reducing audio distortion. Sealed speakers effectively control the speaker unit's vibration, minimizing resonance and reflections, thus maintaining the phase characteristics of the sound waves and improving clarity. Their compact design allows for flexible installation and placement, making them suitable for small spaces. When producing sound, sealed speakers reproduce the signal received by the speaker, providing a more natural and balanced tone.

[0094] Understandably, the cavity between the speaker and the baffle layer within the enclosure increases the effective acoustic volume of the enclosure. This is because sound waves travel much faster in air than in solid materials, thus increasing the overall acoustic volume within the enclosure. This increase can slightly improve the low-frequency response of the sound-generating device, affecting the low-frequency performance of the speaker. Increased acoustic volume reduces low-frequency resonant frequencies, improving the enclosure's efficiency and response in the low-frequency range. Furthermore, the cavity increases the freedom in choosing the baffle layer material, increasing the versatility of the sound-generating device's structure.

[0095] Understandably, the enclosure contains a barrier layer with an opening, positioned opposite the speaker. This barrier layer effectively regulates the speaker's radiated sound field, controlling the direction of sound propagation towards the target area and reducing unnecessary sound diffusion to other areas. Furthermore, the structure of the cavity and barrier layer allows for a more uniform and balanced sound field distribution across different frequency ranges, achieving optimal acoustic performance and user experience.

[0096] In some embodiments, a barrier layer is disposed inside the housing, the barrier layer has a first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the inner surface of the housing.

[0097] As exemplarily shown in FIG4, which is a side sectional view of a sound-generating device 400, the sound-generating device 400 includes a housing 410, a speaker 420, and a barrier layer 430.

[0098] As shown in Figure 4(a), the box 410 includes a first opening 411 and a second opening 412 disposed opposite to the first opening 411. The size of the first opening 411 and the size of the second opening 412 may be the same or different.

[0099] The speaker 420 is housed within the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 421 and a T-shaped iron 422. As shown in Figure 4(a), the T-shaped iron 422 is located at the end of the speaker 420 closest to the barrier layer 430, and a cavity exists between the T-shaped iron 422 and the barrier layer 430. For example, the sound outlet 421 and the second opening 412 are the same size, and the sound outlet 421 is fitted into the second opening 412. For example, the sound outlet 421 faces the front of the vehicle.

[0100] A barrier layer 430 is disposed inside the housing 410. The barrier layer 430 and the first opening 411 are the same size. The barrier layer 430 is embedded in the first opening 411. The edge of the barrier layer 430 is connected to the inner surface of the housing 410.

[0101] Understandably, the height (or thickness) of the barrier layer 430 is related to the height of the cabinet and the height of the speaker.

[0102] Understandably, when the aforementioned sound-generating device emits sound, the damping material effectively modulates the radiated sound field of the loudspeaker. The area where the sound-generating device is located receives a higher sound pressure level, while the sound pressure level in other areas is significantly reduced. This concentrates the sound more in the area where the sound-generating device is located, reducing the impact of the sound on other areas.

[0103] As shown in Figure 4(b), the box 410 includes a first opening 411 and a second opening 412 disposed opposite to the first opening 411. The size of the first opening 411 and the size of the second opening 412 may be the same or different.

[0104] The speaker 420 is disposed outside the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 421 and a T-shaped iron 422. As shown in Figure 4(b), the sound outlet 421 is located at the end of the speaker 420 near the baffle layer 430, and a cavity exists between the sound outlet 421 and the baffle layer 430. The sound outlet 421 and the second opening 412 are the same size, and the sound outlet 421 covers the second opening 412. For example, the sound outlet 421 faces the rear of the vehicle.

[0105] A barrier layer 430 is disposed inside the housing 410. The barrier layer 430 and the first opening 411 are the same size. The barrier layer 430 is embedded in the first opening 411. The edge of the barrier layer 430 is connected to the inner surface of the housing 410.

[0106] It is understandable that the speaker placement differs between the sound-generating device shown in Figure 4(a) and the sound-generating device shown in Figure 4(b), with the latter being more aesthetically pleasing. In the sound-generating device shown in Figure 4, the speaker is located in the opening facing the front of the vehicle within the enclosure, while the blocking layer is located in the opening facing the rear of the vehicle within the enclosure. When the speaker emits sound, the blocking layer controls the radiation intensity and directionality of the sound wave radiated away from the speaker, thus affecting the overall sound field distribution. Sound is mainly concentrated in the area where the sound-generating device is located (e.g., sound concentrated in the driving area), enhancing the fullness and directionality of the sound, resulting in a high sound pressure level in this area. The sound received in the area away from the sound-generating device (or other areas) (e.g., the rear seats) is processed by the blocking layer. Because the blocking layer absorbs some sound energy, it reduces reflections and echoes. Therefore, the blocking layer reduces the impact of the sound-generating device on the area away from it, resulting in a lower sound pressure level in this area. The above design allows users in different areas to enjoy different audio experiences and creates a private audio experience, meeting the needs of diverse users. For example, audio in the driving area will not easily be transmitted to other areas, ensuring the driver's auditory privacy; moreover, audio in the driving area will not affect passengers in other areas. Furthermore, the cavity in the sound-generating device increases the volume of air inside the enclosure, increasing the acoustic volume and improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker. This, in turn, achieves a more uniform and balanced sound field distribution across different frequency ranges, resulting in optimal acoustic performance and user experience.

[0107] Understandably, the speaker and the baffle are both housed inside the enclosure to save space.

[0108] Optionally, the barrier layer and the enclosure can be joined by adhesive or gluing. For example, industrial adhesives or sealants can be used to bond the barrier layer to the inner surface of the enclosure. This method is simple and easy to implement, ensuring that the barrier layer adheres tightly to the enclosure.

[0109] Optionally, the barrier layer and the enclosure are connected by a frame, with the barrier layer filling the frame and the frame connected to the enclosure. The frame serves as the supporting structure for the barrier layer. The plane within the frame parallel to the first opening of the enclosure is unsealed to allow sound transmission. The plane within the frame connecting to the inner wall of the enclosure can be either sealed or unsealed.

[0110] As exemplified, Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the frame of the sound-generating device. This cross-section is parallel to the plane containing the first opening in the housing, and the cross-section is a grid structure comprising multiple grids, each of which is used for sound transmission.

[0111] Understandably, the size and shape of the frame's cross-section are determined based on the size and shape of the box's internal cross-section, and the thickness of the frame's interior is consistent with the thickness of the barrier layer.

[0112] In other embodiments, a barrier layer is disposed outside the housing, the barrier layer covers the first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening.

[0113] As exemplarily shown in FIG6, which is a side sectional view of a sound-generating device 600, the sound-generating device 600 includes a housing 610, a speaker 620, and a barrier layer 630.

[0114] As shown in Figure 6(a), the box 610 includes a first opening 611 and a second opening 612 disposed opposite to the first opening 611. The size of the first opening 611 and the size of the second opening 612 may be the same or different.

[0115] The speaker 620 is housed within the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 621 and a T-iron 622. As shown in Figure 6(a), the T-iron 622 is located at the end of the speaker 620 closest to the barrier layer 630, and a cavity exists between the T-iron 622 and the barrier layer 630. The sound outlet 621 and the second opening 612 are the same size, and the sound outlet 621 is fitted into the second opening 612. For example, the sound outlet 621 faces the front of the vehicle.

[0116] A barrier layer 630 is disposed outside the housing 610, covering the first opening 611, and the edge of the barrier layer 630 is connected to the end face of the housing 610 where the first opening 611 is located.

[0117] As shown in Figure 6(b), the box 610 includes a first opening 611 and a second opening 612 disposed opposite to the first opening 611. The size of the first opening 611 and the size of the second opening 612 may be the same or different.

[0118] The speaker 620 is disposed outside the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 621 and a T-shaped iron 622. As shown in Figure 6(b), the sound outlet 621 is located at the end of the speaker 620 near the baffle layer 630, and a cavity exists between the sound outlet 621 and the baffle layer 630. The sound outlet 621 and the second opening 612 are the same size, and the sound outlet 621 covers the second opening 612. For example, the sound outlet 621 faces the rear of the vehicle.

[0119] A barrier layer 630 is disposed outside the housing 610, covering the first opening 611, and the edge of the barrier layer 630 is connected to the end face of the housing 610 where the first opening 611 is located.

[0120] It is understandable that the speaker placement differs between the sound-generating device shown in Figure 6(a) and the sound-generating device shown in Figure 6(b), with the latter being more aesthetically pleasing. In the sound-generating device shown in Figure 6, the blocking layer and speaker are positioned opposite each other, with the blocking layer located outside the enclosure and a cavity existing between them. The blocking layer outside the enclosure absorbs some sound energy, controlling the intensity and directionality of the speaker's back-facing sound wave radiation. The cavity adjusts the sound wave propagation path and reflection characteristics. This design allows the sound-generating device to control the direction of sound wave radiation, concentrating the sound to the area where the device is located (e.g., the driving area), reducing impact on other areas. The cavity in the sound-generating device increases the volume of air inside the enclosure, increasing the acoustic volume and improving the speaker's low-frequency performance. This, in turn, achieves a more uniform and balanced sound field distribution across different frequency ranges, resulting in optimal acoustic performance and user experience.

[0121] In other embodiments, the barrier layer includes a first portion and a second portion connected to the first portion; the first portion is disposed inside the housing, the first portion has a first opening, and the edge of the first portion is connected to the inner surface of the housing; the second portion is disposed outside the housing, the second portion covers the first opening, and the edge of the second portion is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening.

[0122] As exemplarily shown in FIG7, which is a side sectional view of a sound-generating device 700, the sound-generating device 700 includes a housing 710, a speaker 720, and a barrier layer 730.

[0123] As shown in Figure 7(a), the box 710 includes a first opening 711 and a second opening 712 disposed opposite to the first opening 711. The size of the first opening 711 and the size of the second opening 712 may be the same or different.

[0124] The speaker 720 is housed within a casing and includes a sound outlet 721 and a T-iron 722. As shown in Figure 7(a), the T-iron 722 is located at the end of the speaker 720 closest to the baffle layer 730, and a cavity exists between the T-iron 722 and the baffle layer 730. The sound outlet 721 and the second opening 712 are the same size, and the sound outlet 721 is fitted into the second opening 712. For example, the sound outlet 721 faces the front of the vehicle.

[0125] The barrier layer 730 includes a first portion 731 and a second portion 732 connected to the first portion 731. The first portion 731 is disposed inside the housing 710, and the first portion 731 has a first opening 711 embedded in it. The edge of the first portion 731 is connected to the inner surface of the housing 710. The second portion 732 is disposed outside the housing 710, and the second portion 732 covers the first opening 711. The edge of the second portion 732 is connected to the end face of the housing 710 that has the first opening 711.

[0126] It is understood that the barrier layer 730 is convex (or T-shaped), a part of the barrier layer 730 is embedded in the housing 710 and connected to the inner surface of the housing 710, and the other part of the barrier layer 730 covers the first opening 711.

[0127] As shown in Figure 7(b), the box 710 includes a first opening 711 and a second opening 712 disposed opposite to the first opening 711. The size of the first opening 711 and the size of the second opening 712 may be the same or different.

[0128] The speaker 720 is disposed outside the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 721 and a T-shaped iron 722. As shown in Figure 7(b), the sound outlet 721 is located at the end of the speaker 720 near the baffle layer 730, and a cavity exists between the sound outlet 721 and the baffle layer 730. The sound outlet 721 and the second opening 712 are the same size, and the sound outlet 721 covers the second opening 712. For example, the sound outlet 721 faces the rear of the vehicle.

[0129] The barrier layer 730 includes a first portion 731 and a second portion 732 connected to the first portion 731. The first portion 731 is disposed inside the housing 710, and the first portion 731 has a first opening 711 embedded in it. The edge of the first portion 731 is connected to the inner surface of the housing 710. The second portion 732 is disposed outside the housing 710, and the second portion 732 covers the first opening 711. The edge of the second portion 732 is connected to the end face of the housing 710 that has the first opening 711.

[0130] Understandably, the barrier layer in the sound-generating device shown in Figure 7 is thicker than the barrier layer in the sound-generating device in Figure 4 or Figure 6. This barrier layer fills and surrounds the first opening opposite the speaker both inside and outside the enclosure. The barrier layer can absorb more energy and better reduce the impact of the speaker's sound emission on other areas.

[0131] This application provides another sound-generating device, which includes: a housing, a speaker mounted on the housing, and a blocking layer. One side of the housing has a first opening, and the blocking layer covers the first opening. The blocking layer is disposed outside the housing, and its edge is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening. The speaker is disposed opposite to the blocking layer, and the end of the speaker closest to the blocking layer is in contact with the blocking layer.

[0132] As exemplarily shown in FIG8, which is a side sectional view of a sound-generating device 800, the sound-generating device 800 includes a housing 810, a speaker 820, and a barrier layer 830.

[0133] The housing 810 includes a first opening 811 and a second opening 812 disposed opposite to the first opening 811. The size of the first opening 811 and the size of the second opening 812 may be the same or different.

[0134] The speaker 820 is housed within the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 821 and a T-shaped iron 822. As shown in Figure 8, the sound outlet 821 and the second opening 812 are the same size, and the sound outlet 821 is fitted into the second opening 812. For example, the sound outlet 821 faces the front of the vehicle. The T-shaped iron 822 is located at the end of the speaker 820 closest to the barrier layer 830, and the T-shaped iron 822 is in direct contact with the barrier layer 830.

[0135] A barrier layer 830 is disposed outside the housing 810, covering the first opening 811, and the edge of the barrier layer 830 is connected to the end face of the housing 810 where the first opening 811 is located.

[0136] Understandably, in the sound-generating device shown in Figure 8, the blocking layer is placed outside the enclosure and is directly connected to the speaker, which can reduce the overall thickness of the sound-generating device and save space.

[0137] It is understandable that the sound-generating devices shown in Figures 4, 6, 7, and 8 can all reduce the impact on other areas when changing the sound effect experience in the target area. The different designs increase the diversity of the sound-generating device structure.

[0138] In this application, the speaker and the blocking layer are arranged opposite each other in the sound-generating device, with the blocking layer positioned at the opening of the enclosure opposite the speaker. This structure allows for control of the sound propagation path, controlling the directional propagation and directivity of the sound, ensuring that the sound is primarily concentrated in the area where the speaker is located, reducing the impact of the sound on other areas. The blocking layer absorbs some sound energy, reducing interference and echoes, and decreasing the ability of sound to propagate to other areas, thereby lowering the sound pressure level in those areas. In other words, when the speaker of the sound-generating device emits sound, the sound pressure level in the area where the speaker is located differs from that in other areas. This sound-generating device can reduce the impact on other areas when altering the sound experience in the target area.

[0139] It is understandable that the position of the speaker in the sound-generating device is related to the position of the second opening in the enclosure, and the position of the blocking layer in the sound-generating device is related to the position of the first opening in the enclosure.

[0140] In the sound-generating device shown in Figures 4-8 above, the first opening in the enclosure is formed by connecting multiple side plates of the enclosure. The center of the first opening is the center of the bottom plate of the enclosure, and the center of the second opening is the center of the top plate of the enclosure. The first and second openings are positioned opposite each other, and their sizes may be the same or different. Furthermore, a baffle layer is disposed at the first opening, and the speaker is disposed at the second opening. Therefore, the line connecting the center of the baffle layer and the center of the speaker's outlet is perpendicular to the plane containing the speaker's outlet.

[0141] Understandably, in practical applications, the positions of the first and second openings are determined based on the shape of the enclosure or usage requirements. For example, the enclosure of the sound-generating device is cylindrical, as shown in Figure 9, which is a side sectional view of the sound-generating device 900. The sound-generating device 900 includes an enclosure 910, a speaker 920, and a baffle layer 930. The enclosure 910 includes a second opening 920, located on the left side of the top plate of the enclosure 910. The side plates of the enclosure 910 form a first opening 911, which is larger than the second opening 912. The speaker 920 is disposed within the enclosure and includes a sound outlet 921 and a T-iron 922. The T-iron 922 is located at the end of the speaker 920 closest to the baffle layer 930, and a cavity exists between the T-iron 922 and the baffle layer 930. The sound outlet 921 and the second opening 912 are the same size, and the sound outlet 921 is fitted into the second opening 912. A barrier layer 930 is disposed inside the housing 910. The barrier layer 930 and the first opening 911 are the same size. The barrier layer 930 is embedded in the first opening 911. The edge of the barrier layer 930 is connected to the inner surface of the housing 910.

[0142] It is understood that the above-described sound-generating device is merely an example, and the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific implementation of the sound-generating device.

[0143] This application also provides a headrest system, which includes a headrest and a sound-emitting device provided in this application embodiment, the sound-emitting device being disposed close to the headrest.

[0144] In some examples, the headrest system includes a headrest and one or more sound-generating devices. The headrest also includes a cushion with one or more mounting holes, and the sound-generating devices are disposed within the mounting holes.

[0145] For example, the headrest system includes a headrest and two sound-emitting devices. The headrest's buffer body has a mounting hole on each of its left and right sides, and a sound-emitting device is installed in each hole. Thus, there is one sound-emitting device on each side of the headrest, and the sound outlets of both devices face forward of the vehicle.

[0146] For example, as shown in Figure 10(a), this is a front view of the headrest and two sound-generating devices in the headrest system. The two sound-generating devices are located on both sides of the headrest, with the sound outlet of each device facing forward of the vehicle. The enclosure dimensions of the sound-generating devices on both sides are identical. The speaker units can be moving-coil speakers, and the speaker models used in the sound-generating devices on both sides are identical. As shown in Figure 10(b), this is a rear view of the headrest and two sound-generating devices in the headrest system. The back of the enclosure of each sound-generating device has a mesh-like opening, and a barrier layer is disposed inside the enclosure of the sound-generating device. The type and thickness of the barrier layer inside the enclosures of the sound-generating devices on both sides may be the same or different.

[0147] This application also provides a seat, which includes the sound-generating device provided in this application embodiment.

[0148] This application also provides a means of transportation, which includes at least one of the following: a sound-generating device provided in this application, a headrest system provided in this application, or a seat provided in this application.

[0149] As can be understood, the basic structure of the sound-generating device has been introduced above. The following section details the design method of various parameters of the sound-generating device in the headrest system when it is applied. See Figure 11, which is a flowchart illustrating a sound-generating device design method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0150] Taking a headrest system installed in the passenger seat area, with a sound-generating device as shown in Figure 4, and a blocking layer located inside a housing as an example, the design method of each component of the sound-generating device in the headrest system will be explained. For example, the headrest system has two sound-generating devices as shown in Figure 4 installed on the left and right sides, with the sound outlets of the devices facing the front of the vehicle, and the blocking layer located inside the housing.

[0151] S1100. Obtain vehicle data and determine the size of the sound-generating device in the headrest system based on the vehicle data.

[0152] In some examples, the vehicle data refers to the vehicle's cabin data. For instance, this could be obtained through 3D scanning technology or by acquiring a 3D model of the vehicle's cabin from the vehicle manufacturer. The dimensions of the headrests in the vehicle cabin are determined based on the vehicle data, and the dimensions of the sound-generating device are then determined based on the headrest dimensions.

[0153] In some examples, the sound-generating device is housed in the headrest, and its size is determined based on the dimensions of the headrest in the passenger seat's headrest system. For instance, the headrest is divided into three sections: the left and right sections house the sound-generating device, while the central section supports the user's head. The size of the sound-generating device is determined based on the dimensions of the left and right sections of the headrest. For example, the dimensions of the sound-generating devices on both sides of the headrest are determined to be L×W×H, where L, W, and H are all positive numbers.

[0154] In other examples, the sound-emitting device is located outside the headrest, and its size is determined based on the dimensions of the headrest and the space on either side of the headrest in the passenger seat's headrest system. For example, the width and height of the sound-emitting device are determined based on the width and height of the headrest, with the width of the sound-emitting device being less than or equal to the width of the headrest, and the height of the sound-emitting device being less than or equal to the width of the headrest. The length of the sound-emitting device is determined based on the distance from the right side of the headrest to the passenger door, with the length of the sound-emitting device being less than the distance from the right side of the headrest to the passenger door.

[0155] Understandably, when the blocking layer is placed inside the enclosure, the size of the sound-generating device is the same as the size of the enclosure. Determining the size of the sound-generating device also determines its placement within the headrest.

[0156] In this embodiment, the sound-generating device includes only one loudspeaker. It is understood that after determining the dimensions of the sound-generating device, the dimensions of the loudspeaker are determined based on the dimensions of the enclosure within the sound-generating device, thereby determining which type of loudspeaker is used in the sound-generating device. For example, the loudspeaker is a moving-coil loudspeaker.

[0157] S1101. Determine the target area, non-target area, target requirements, and input signals.

[0158] The target area is the region facing the second opening of the sound-emitting device. For the target area, the sound experience needs to be improved, as the sound received in this area is the sound directly transmitted from the speaker. The non-target area is the region facing the first opening of the sound-emitting device. For the non-target area, the impact of the sound-emitting device on this area needs to be reduced, as the sound received in this area is the sound processed by a blocking layer. For example, if the structure of the sound-emitting device is shown in Figure 4, with the second opening facing the front of the vehicle and the first opening facing the rear, then the target area is the passenger side area, and the non-target area is the rear passenger area. In other words, when the sound-emitting device emits sound, it can control the sound field of the target area, improving the sound experience for users in the target area and reducing the impact on the non-target area.

[0159] For example, the target area and non-target area are determined based on the installation method of the sound-emitting device. For instance, if the sound-emitting device is installed on the front passenger seat, with its second opening facing the front of the vehicle and its first opening facing the rear, then the target area is determined to be the front passenger area, and the non-target area is the rear passenger area.

[0160] The target requirement refers to the desired sound effect in a pre-defined target area when the sound-emitting device emits sound. For example, target requirements may include target operation and target frequency band. For instance, the target operation might be noise reduction, and the target frequency band might be 88-707Hz. The target requirement can be understood as performing noise reduction processing when the sound frequency in the passenger area falls within the target frequency band.

[0161] The input signal is the signal input to the sound-generating device. For example, the input signal is white noise.

[0162] Optionally, the input signals include input signal 1 for the left-side sound-emitting device in the headrest system and input signal 2 for the right-side sound-emitting device in the headrest system. Input signal 1 and input signal 2 may be the same or different.

[0163] Understandably, by considering the target and non-target areas, we can determine the areas that the sound-generating device should cover when emitting sound, as well as the areas where radiated sound energy needs to be reduced. Based on the target requirements, we can determine the usage requirements of the sound-generating device, and subsequently, based on these requirements, design the parameters of each component of the device to ensure that the device effectively meets the user's expectations.

[0164] It is understandable that when designing a sound-generating device, the parameters of the sound-generating device (such as the size of the enclosure, the data of the blocking layer, etc.) are designed according to the preset structure and user requirements. The preset structure is the structure of the sound-generating device that has been set in advance (for example, the structure of the sound-generating device shown in Figure 4).

[0165] S1102. Determine the material of the barrier layer and fabricate barrier layers with different flow resistances.

[0166] In this embodiment of the application, the material of the blocking layer is determined to be a high flow resistance material according to the usage requirements of the sound-generating device.

[0167] It is understood that the sound-generating device in this application embodiment is designed with a blocking layer in order to reduce the impact of the sound-generating device on non-target areas when it emits sound. Therefore, the blocking layer needs to prevent the propagation of sound waves in non-target areas, absorb sound waves, and reduce the reflection of sound waves.

[0168] Understandably, high flow resistance materials can absorb sound waves more effectively than low flow resistance materials. For example, damping materials are those with a flow resistance value greater than 450.

[0169] In some examples, high flow resistance materials with varying flow resistance are selected to fabricate the barrier layer.

[0170] For example, a material with high flow resistance is selected as the material for the barrier layer, and barrier layers of different thicknesses are fabricated based on this material, thereby obtaining multiple flow resistances (such as r1, r2, ..., r). M (M is a positive integer) Different barrier layers. It is understandable that if the flow resistance of the materials is the same, the flow resistance of the materials will be different if the material thickness is different.

[0171] For example, taking M as 7, Table 1 shows the parameter table for barrier layers with different flow resistances.

[0172] Table 1

[0173] It is understandable that the flow resistance of a material is the product of its flow resistivity and its thickness. That is, r = σ * d, where r is the flow resistance, σ is the flow resistivity, and d is the thickness. For example, when the flow resistance of materials is consistent, the barrier layer can be made of a material with low flow resistivity but a large thickness; or, the barrier layer can be made of a material with high flow resistivity but a small thickness.

[0174] It is understandable that the flow resistance of a material can be changed through compression. That is, hot compression of a material with lower flow resistance results in a material with higher flow resistance. For example, melamine foam is an easily compressible material. Compressing melamine foam longitudinally using a hot press can increase its flow resistance. If the flow resistance of the melamine foam before compression is σ1 and its bulk density is ρ1; and the flow resistance of the melamine foam after compression is σ2 and its bulk density is ρ2, then σ1 < σ2 and ρ1 < ρ2.

[0175] S1103. Test the frequency response of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber when the blocking layers with different flow resistances are installed on the sound-generating device.

[0176] In some examples, blocking layers with different flow resistances are installed in sound-generating devices of the size determined in step S1100, and the frequency response of the sound-generating devices in the anechoic chamber is tested respectively.

[0177] For example, based on the example of step S1102 above, M blocking layers with different flow resistances are set. Each blocking layer is installed in a sound-generating device of a determined size in S1100, resulting in M ​​sound-generating devices. The frequency response of each of the M sound-generating devices in the anechoic chamber is measured, resulting in M ​​sets of frequency response data.

[0178] Understandably, frequency response testing typically involves sending a series of test signals (such as white noise or a sine wave) at different frequencies into a sound-generating device and then measuring the device's response to the output signal. In other words, frequency response is related to frequency and current resistance.

[0179] Frequency response test is performed using the frequency corresponding to the input signal in S1101 as an example. The frequency corresponding to the input signal is f1.

[0180] Taking the flow resistance of the blocking layer in the sound-generating device as r1 as an example, and there are two measurement points in the anechoic chamber (such as measurement point 1 and measurement point 2), then the frequency response of the sound-generating device is p1(f1) = [p 11 (f1), p 12 (f1)] T Where p1(f1) is the frequency response of the sound-generating device with a laminar flow resistance of r1 at a frequency of f1, p 11(f1) is the frequency response of the sound-generating device with a laminar flow resistance of r1, measured at measurement point 1 in the anechoic chamber, at frequency f1. 12 (f1) is the frequency response of the sound-generating device with a laminar flow resistance of r1 measured at measurement point 2 in the anechoic chamber at a frequency of f1. The superscript T indicates the transpose of the matrix.

[0181] Let r be the flow resistance of the blocking layer in the sound-generating device. M For example, if there are two measurement points in the anechoic chamber (such as measurement point 1 and measurement point 2), then the frequency response of the sound-generating device is p. M (f1)=[p M1 (f1), p M2 (f1)] T Where p M (f1) represents the laminar flow resistance, r. M The frequency response of the sound-generating device at frequency f1, p M1 (f1) is the laminar flow resistance measured at measurement point 1 in the anechoic chamber, which is r. M The frequency response of the sound-generating device at frequency f1, p M2 (f1) is the laminar flow resistance measured at measurement point 2 in the anechoic chamber, which is r. M The frequency response of the sound-generating device at frequency f1, where the superscript T indicates the transpose of the matrix.

[0182] It is understandable that when measuring the frequency response of a sound-generating device, only the flow resistance of the obstruction layer on which the sound-generating device is installed is changed, while the position of the sound-generating device, the signal received by the sound-generating device, and the position of the measurement point remain unchanged.

[0183] S1104. Construct a finite element model of the sound-generating device and simulate and calculate the acoustic impedance of the sound-generating device on the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer in the anechoic chamber.

[0184] In some examples, a finite element model of the sound-generating device is constructed in simulation software based on the dimensions of the device determined in step S1100. This finite element model includes only the enclosure structure of the sound-generating device and does not include the loudspeaker and the blocking layer.

[0185] For example, as shown in Figure 13, a sound-generating device is generated by simulation software. As shown in Figure 13(a), 1301 is the front surface of the diaphragm of the sound-generating device. As shown in Figure 13(b), 1302 is the rear surface of the blocking layer of the sound-generating device.

[0186] Based on this finite element model, the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm and the first opening (i.e., the rear surface of the blocking layer) of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber is calculated.

[0187] Specifically, based on this finite element model, the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of the sound-generating device is set, and the sound pressure at the measurement point in the anechoic chamber is simulated and calculated. The acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm to each measurement point (i.e., the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm in the anechoic chamber) is determined according to the sound pressure at each measurement point and the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm.

[0188] For example, based on the example of step S1103, the anechoic chamber includes two measurement points (measurement point 1 and measurement point 2). In the simulation software, the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm in the sound-generating device is set to U0, and the sound pressure at measurement point 1 at the simulation calculation frequency f1 is p. f1 (f1), the sound pressure at measurement point 2 is p f2 (f1). Then, in the finite element model, the acoustic impedance [Z] from the front surface of the diaphragm of the sound-generating device to the two measurement points at frequency f1. f1 (f1), Z f2 (f1)]=[p f1 (f1) / U0, p f2 (f1) / U0]. Wherein, Z f1 (f1) is the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm to measurement point 1 at frequency f1, Z f2 (f1) is the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm to measurement point 2 at frequency f1.

[0189] Specifically, based on this finite element model, the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer of the sound-generating device is set, and the sound pressure at the measurement point in the anechoic chamber is simulated and calculated. The acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the blocking layer to each measurement point (i.e., the acoustic impedance of the rear surface of the blocking layer in the anechoic chamber) is determined according to the sound pressure at each measurement point and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer.

[0190] For example, based on the example in step S1103, the anechoic chamber includes two measurement points (measurement point 1 and measurement point 2). In the simulation software, the volume velocity of the surface behind the blocking layer in the sound-generating device is set to U0, and the simulation calculation frequency is f1. The sound pressure at measurement point 1 is p. b1 (f1), the sound pressure at measurement point 2 is p b2 (f1). Then, in the finite element model, the acoustic impedance [Z] from the rear surface of the blocking layer of the sound-generating device to the two measurement points at frequency f1. b1 (f1), Z b2 (f1)]=[p b1 (f1) / U0, p b2 (f1) / U0]. Wherein, Z b1 (f1) is the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm to measurement point 1 at frequency f1, Z b2 (f1) is the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm to measurement point 2 at frequency f1.

[0191] The acoustic impedance of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber is obtained by considering the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber and the acoustic impedance of the rear surface of the blocking layer of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber.

[0192] For example, Z represents the acoustic impedance of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber. Acoustic impedance is related to frequency.

[0193] S1105. Calculate the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistance layers in the sound-generating device.

[0194] In some examples, the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer corresponding to different flow resistance layers in the sound-generating device are estimated by the least squares method.

[0195] Specifically, the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistances are calculated based on the acoustic impedance of the sound-generating device and the frequency response of different flow resistances.

[0196] For example, the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volume velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistance layers in the sound-generating device are calculated according to Formula 1.

[0197] Among them, U f U is the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm. b Let be the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer, and U be the matrix formed by the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer. Z is the acoustic impedance of the sound-generating device in the anechoic chamber at frequency f1; specific parameters are described in S1104 above. N Let N be the frequency response of a sound-generating device with a certain flow resistance at frequency f1, where N represents different flow resistances and the value of N ranges from [1, M].

[0198] It is understandable that the volumetric velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volumetric velocity of the rear surface of the blocking layer corresponding to different flow resistances in the sound-generating device are calculated according to Formula 1. Based on the example of S1102, if there are M blocking layers with different flow resistances, then there are M sets of volumetric velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm and the volumetric velocities of the rear surface of the blocking layer.

[0199] S1106. Determine the volume velocity ratio of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer for different flow resistances.

[0200] In some examples, for different flow resistances, the ratio of the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm to the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer is determined as the ratio of the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer corresponding to that flow resistance.

[0201] For example, R = U f / U bLet R be the ratio of the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm to the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer.

[0202] It is understandable that for each flow resistance, the volume velocity ratio of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer can be obtained.

[0203] As shown above, acoustic impedance is related to frequency and volume velocity, while frequency response is related to frequency and flow resistance. Volume velocity is determined by acoustic impedance and frequency response, and the volume velocity ratio is determined by volume velocity. Volume velocity is related to frequency and flow resistance.

[0204] S1107. Determine the relationship between flow resistance and volume velocity ratio.

[0205] In some examples, the function of flow resistance to volume velocity ratio is determined by data interpolation.

[0206] For example, by substituting values ​​such as frequency and flow resistance into the above formula, the volume velocity ratio of the sound-generating device at frequency f1 is calculated. For example, R(f1,r1), R(f1,r2), ..., R(f1,rM). Then, using data interpolation, the relationship between the volume velocity ratio of the sound-generating device at a single frequency f1 and the flow resistance is calculated. For example, R(f1,r). Following the same steps, the volume velocity ratios of the sound-generating device at different frequencies are obtained. For example, repeating the above steps, the relationship between the volume velocity ratio of the sound-generating device at frequencies f2, ..., fN and the flow resistance is calculated, R(f2,r), ..., R(fN,r). Based on the relationship between the volume velocity ratio and the flow resistance at different frequencies, the relationship between the volume velocity ratio of the sound-generating device and the flow resistance and frequency is calculated using data interpolation. For example, R(f,r), where R is the volume velocity ratio, f is the frequency, and r is the flow resistance.

[0207] S1108. Determine the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer of each loudspeaker in the headrest system to the target area and non-target area.

[0208] In this context, the front surface of the diaphragm of each loudspeaker can be understood as the plane where the loudspeaker's sound outlet is located. The rear surface of the barrier layer can be understood as the end face of the barrier layer furthest from the loudspeaker.

[0209] In some examples, when determining the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer of each speaker in the headrest system to the target area and non-target area, the sound-generating device including a single speaker in the embodiments of this application is replaced with a sound-generating device including a combined speaker. The measurement is based on the combined speaker, and the electroacoustic transfer function of the combined speaker to the target area and non-target area is determined as the acoustic impedance of the single speaker to the target area and non-target area in the embodiments of this application.

[0210] Specifically, as shown in Figure 12, this is a top view of the vehicle after the single speaker in the sound-generating device has been replaced with a combined speaker. Sound-generating devices are installed on both sides of the headrest in the passenger area, forming a headrest system. The two sound-generating devices are identical in construction, each including two back-to-back enclosed speakers. One enclosed speaker's outlet faces the front of the vehicle, and the other's outlet faces the rear. The speaker model used in each enclosed speaker is the same as that used in the single speaker in this embodiment.

[0211] Users can perceive the sound effects within the vehicle cabin while riding in it; therefore, measurement points are set according to the position of the user's ears within the cabin. Taking the target area as the passenger side and the non-target area as the rear seat area as an example, the black circles in Figure 12 represent the measurement points in the vehicle cabin. The passenger side area includes two measurement points, and the rear seat area includes multiple measurement points. It should be understood that the measurement points in Figure 12 are only an example; in practical applications, the vehicle cabin may include more or fewer measurement points, and this application does not impose any limitations on this comparison.

[0212] The sound pressure of each loudspeaker in the combined loudspeaker is detected at the measurement points in each target area and non-target area, thereby determining the electroacoustic transfer function from each loudspeaker to each measurement point.

[0213] For the speaker in the left-side combined speaker system with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle, the speaker is controlled to produce sound based on the input voltage 1 corresponding to input signal 1 in S1101. The sound pressure level of the speaker when it produces sound is detected at each measurement point in the vehicle cabin. The ratio of the sound pressure level detected at each measurement point to the input voltage 1 is determined as the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker to each measurement point. For example, if the input voltage 1 is V1, and the sound pressure level detected at the passenger's left ear measurement point when the speaker produces sound is p, then the electroacoustic transfer function (which can be represented by H) from the speaker in the left-side combined speaker system with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle to the left ear measurement point is: H = p / V1.

[0214] The electroacoustic transfer function of the speaker with the sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined speaker to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area is determined as the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left-side single speaker provided in the embodiment of this application to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area.

[0215] Understandably, when determining the electroacoustic transfer function of the speaker whose sound outlet faces the front of the vehicle in the left-side combination speaker, only that speaker is input with voltage.

[0216] For the speaker in the left-side combined speaker system with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle, the speaker is controlled to produce sound based on the input voltage 1 corresponding to input signal 1 in S1101. The sound pressure level of the speaker is detected at each measurement point in the vehicle cabin. The ratio of the sound pressure level detected at each measurement point to the input voltage 1 is determined as the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker to each measurement point.

[0217] The electroacoustic transfer function of the speaker with the sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined speaker to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area is determined as the acoustic impedance of the rear surface of the blocking layer of the left-side single speaker provided in the embodiment of this application to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area.

[0218] Accordingly, each speaker in the right-side combined loudspeaker determines its electroacoustic transfer function to each measurement point using the method described above.

[0219] For the speaker in the right-side combined speaker system whose sound outlet faces the front of the vehicle, the speaker is controlled to produce sound based on the input voltage 2 corresponding to the input signal 2 in S1101. The sound pressure level of the speaker is detected at each measurement point in the vehicle cabin. The ratio of the sound pressure level detected at each measurement point to the input voltage 2 is determined as the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker to each measurement point.

[0220] The electroacoustic transfer function of the speaker with the sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined speaker to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area is determined as the acoustic impedance of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left-side single speaker provided in the embodiment of this application to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area.

[0221] For the speaker in the right-side combined speaker system with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle, the speaker is controlled to produce sound based on the input voltage 2 corresponding to input signal 2 in S1101. The sound pressure level of the speaker is detected at each measurement point in the vehicle cabin. The ratio of the sound pressure level detected at each measurement point to the input voltage 2 is determined as the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker to each measurement point.

[0222] The electroacoustic transfer function of the speaker with the sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined speaker to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area is determined as the acoustic impedance of the rear surface of the blocking layer of the left-side single speaker provided in the embodiment of this application to each measurement point in the target area and non-target area.

[0223] Understandably, by measuring the electroacoustic transfer function from each speaker in the combined loudspeaker to each measurement point, the sound transmission within the vehicle can be determined, so as to accurately determine the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area.

[0224] It is understood that the above-mentioned electroacoustic transfer function can be determined through simulation experiments or through actual vehicle testing. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific method of determining the electroacoustic transfer function.

[0225] Optionally, steps S1102-S1107 can be executed in parallel with step S1108; or, steps S1102-S1107 can be executed after step S1108. The execution order of each step is not limited in this embodiment.

[0226] S1109. Determine the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area.

[0227] In this embodiment, the sound pressure at each measurement point is determined by the product of the electroacoustic transfer function from each loudspeaker to the measurement point and the voltage received by the loudspeaker. The arithmetic square root of the average of the squares of the sound pressure at each measurement point (which can also be described as the root mean square of the sound pressure at each measurement point) is determined as the average sound pressure of the region.

[0228] Specifically, the sound pressure in the target area is calculated based on the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer of each loudspeaker to the target area, and the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of each loudspeaker.

[0229] Based on the example above, the target area (passenger area) includes two measurement points: a left measurement point and a right measurement point. The average sound pressure level of the target area is calculated using the following formula 2.

[0230] Where, r t1 Let r be the coordinates of the measurement point on the left. t2 represents the coordinates of the measurement point on the right. f indicates the front surface of the diaphragm of a single loudspeaker / the sound outlet of the loudspeaker in a combined loudspeaker facing the front of the vehicle; b indicates the rear surface of the speaker's blocking layer / the sound outlet of the loudspeaker in a combined loudspeaker facing the rear of the vehicle. p t p(r) represents the average sound pressure level in the target area. t1 ) represents the sound pressure at the measurement point on the left side of the target area, p(r) t2 H represents the sound pressure level at the measurement point on the right side of the target area. f1 (r t1 H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left side; it is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left side. b1 (r t1 H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left side; it is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left side. f2 (r t1H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left, used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the right-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left; b2 (r t1 ) represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the right-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the left. H f1 (r t2 H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side; it is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side. b1 (r t2 H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side; it is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side. f2 (r t2 H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side; it is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm of the right-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point on the right side. b2 (r t2 ) represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the right-side measurement point, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the right-side single loudspeaker to the right-side measurement point. U f1 U is the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left single loudspeaker, R1 is the ratio of the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left single loudspeaker to the rear surface of the barrier layer, and U f1 / R1 is the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer of the left single loudspeaker; U f2 U is the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of the right single loudspeaker, R2 is the ratio of the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm of the right single loudspeaker to the rear surface of the barrier layer, and U f2 / R2 represents the volume velocity of the back surface of the barrier layer of the right-side single loudspeaker, and the superscript T indicates the transpose of the matrix.

[0231] Understandably, U f1 R1 is the input voltage corresponding to the input signal received by the left-side sound-generating device, and is determined based on the flow resistance of the current blocking layer used by the left-side sound-generating device and the relationship between the flow resistance and volume velocity ratio in step S1107. f2 R2 is the input voltage corresponding to the input signal received by the right-side sound-generating device. R2 is determined based on the flow resistance of the current blocking layer used by the right-side sound-generating device and the relationship between the flow resistance and the volume velocity ratio in step S1107.

[0232] Specifically, the sound pressure in the non-target area is calculated based on the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer of each loudspeaker to the non-target area, and the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm and the rear surface of the barrier layer of each loudspeaker.

[0233] Based on the example above, the non-target area (back row area) includes M measurement points, where M is a positive integer. The average sound pressure level of the non-target area is calculated using Formula 3 below.

[0234] Where, r u1 ,r u2 ,…,r uM represents the coordinates of M measurement points in the non-target area, such as measurement point 1, measurement point 2, ..., measurement point M. f represents the front surface of the diaphragm of a single loudspeaker / the sound outlet of the loudspeaker in a combined loudspeaker facing the front of the vehicle; b represents the rear surface of the speaker's blocking layer / the sound outlet of the loudspeaker in a combined loudspeaker facing the rear of the vehicle. p u p(r) represents the average sound pressure level in the non-target region. u1 p(r) represents the sound pressure at measurement point 1. u2 Let be the sound pressure at measurement point 2, ..., p(r) uM H represents the sound pressure at measurement point M. f1 (r u1 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 1, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the left-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 1; b1 (r u1 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 1, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the left-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 1; f2 (r u1 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 1, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the right-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 1; b2 (r u1 ) represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 1, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the right-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 1. H f1 (r u2 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 2, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the left-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 2; b1 (r u2 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 2, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the left-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 2; f2(r u2 H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 2, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the right-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 2; b2 (r u2 Let be the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to measurement point 2, and let represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the right-side single loudspeaker to measurement point 2. ...H f1 (r uM H represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point M, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point M; f1 (r uM ) represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the left-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point M, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the left-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point M; H f2 (r uM H is the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the front of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point M, used to represent the acoustic impedance from the front surface of the diaphragm in the right-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point M; b2 (r uM ) represents the electroacoustic transfer function from the speaker with its sound outlet facing the rear of the vehicle in the right-side combined loudspeaker to the measurement point M, and is used to represent the acoustic impedance from the rear surface of the barrier layer in the right-side single loudspeaker to the measurement point M. f1 U is the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left single loudspeaker, R1 is the ratio of the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm of the left single loudspeaker to the rear surface of the barrier layer, and U f1 / R1 is the volume velocity of the rear surface of the barrier layer of the left single loudspeaker; U f2 U is the volume velocity of the front surface of the diaphragm of the right single loudspeaker, R2 is the ratio of the volume velocities of the front surface of the diaphragm of the right single loudspeaker to the rear surface of the barrier layer, and U f2 / R2 represents the volume velocity of the back surface of the barrier layer of the right-side single loudspeaker, and the superscript T indicates the transpose of the matrix.

[0235] After determining the average sound pressure in the target area and the average sound pressure in the non-target area, the difference in average sound pressure between the target area and the non-target area is calculated according to the following formula 4.

[0236] Where ΔSPL is the average sound pressure difference between the target area and the non-target area, M is the number of measurement points in the non-target area, and 2 is the number of measurement points in the target area. t p is the average sound pressure level in the target area. u This represents the average sound pressure level in the non-target area.

[0237] S1110, Determine the target flow resistance.

[0238] By traversing the data, the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area is calculated when the blocking layers of the sound-generating devices on the left and right sides have different flow resistances.

[0239] It should be understood that the maximum average sound pressure difference between the target area and the non-target area indicates that the flow resistance of the barrier layer produces the best acoustic effect.

[0240] For example, Figure 14 illustrates the relationship between the flow resistance and the average sound pressure difference between the target and non-target areas when the left and right sound-generating devices in the headrest system use the same flow resistance. The flow resistance ranges from 0 to 3000 Pa·s / m (a flow resistance of 0 indicates that no obstruction layer is placed in the sound-generating device). It can be seen that when the flow resistance is less than 450 Pa·s / m, the average sound pressure difference between the target and non-target areas is less than 14 dB; when the flow resistance is in the range of 450-1500 Pa·s / m, the average sound pressure difference between the target and non-target areas remains above 14 dB; and when the flow resistance is greater than 1500 Pa·s / m, the average sound pressure difference between the target and non-target areas is less than 14 dB.

[0241] In some examples, the flow resistance corresponding to the maximum average sound pressure level difference between the target and non-target regions is obtained and determined as the target flow resistance. For example, based on the image shown in Figure 14, the flow resistance corresponding to the highest point in the average sound pressure level difference curve is determined as the target flow resistance (e.g., 700 Pa·s / m).

[0242] It should be understood that there may be one or more flow resistances at the point where the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area is maximized. However, the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area is affected by the cabin environment. If the environment changes, the sound-generating device using this flow resistance may not provide optimal acoustic performance. Therefore, the flow resistance can be a value within a preset range, such as the flow resistance corresponding to the average sound pressure level difference between the target area and the non-target area exceeding a certain threshold. The preset range provides a certain degree of tolerance. Even if the environment in which the sound-generating device is located or the array of blocking layers in the sound-generating device deviates from the design value, as long as the flow resistance of the blocking layers in the sound-generating device is still within the preset range, the performance of the sound-generating device will not be significantly affected. Moreover, materials within the preset range can be used, eliminating the need for strict screening of blocking materials with specific values ​​during the production process, thus simplifying the manufacturing process.

[0243] In other examples, the range of flow resistances where the average sound pressure level difference between the target and non-target regions exceeds a certain value (e.g., 15 dB) is determined, and this range is defined as the target flow resistance. For example, based on the image shown in Figure 14, the flow resistance where the average sound pressure level difference in the curve is greater than 14 dB is defined as the target flow resistance (e.g., 450-1500 Pa·s / m).

[0244] It is understandable that the flow resistance used in the left and right sound-emitting devices of the headrest system in the above example is the same. In actual experiments, the flow resistance used in the left and right sound-emitting devices of the headrest system may be different.

[0245] It should be understood that in practical applications, due to factors such as cabin shape, placement of sound-emitting devices, or acoustic characteristics, the flow resistance used in the left and right sound-emitting devices of the headrest system is mostly different.

[0246] For example, simulation calculations show that within the target frequency band of 88-707Hz, the difference in simulated sound pressure levels between the passenger area and the rear passenger area is greatest when the flow resistance in the left-side sound generator is 615 Pa·s / m and the flow resistance in the right-side sound generator is 1074 Pa·s / m. The left-side and right-side sound generators can then be designed based on these flow resistances.

[0247] Understandably, in practical applications, the flow resistance of the sound-generating devices on the left and right sides of the headrest system is determined according to the specific application scenario, and the flow resistance of the sound-generating devices used in different vehicle cabins may be the same or different.

[0248] S1111. Construct a sound-generating device based on the target flow resistance.

[0249] A blocking layer is constructed based on a defined target flow resistance, and a sound-generating device is constructed based on the blocking layer and the loudspeaker.

[0250] Thus, by completing the above steps, the design of the sound-generating device in the headrest system is finished. The sound-generating device can then be used directly, thereby reducing the impact on other areas when changing the sound effect experience in the target area.

[0251] It is understandable that the above example uses the sound-generating device in Figure 4 as an example. In practical applications, the design can also be based on the sound-generating devices in Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 or Figure 9.

[0252] Referring to Figure 15, it is a flowchart illustrating another sound-generating device design method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0253] Taking a headrest system installed in the passenger seat area, with the sound-generating device shown in Figure 6, and a blocking layer located outside the housing as an example, the design methods of each component of the sound-generating device in the headrest system will be explained.

[0254] S1500: Obtain vehicle data and determine the size of the sound-generating device in the headrest system based on the vehicle data.

[0255] In some examples, the vehicle data refers to the vehicle's cabin data. For instance, this could be obtained through 3D scanning technology or by acquiring a 3D model of the vehicle's cabin from the vehicle manufacturer. The dimensions of the headrests in the vehicle cabin are determined based on the vehicle data, and the dimensions of the sound-generating device are then determined based on the headrest dimensions.

[0256] In some examples, the barrier layer of the sound-emitting device is located outside the enclosure. The dimensions of the sound-emitting device include the dimensions of the enclosure and the dimensions of the barrier layer outside the enclosure.

[0257] Optionally, the length and width of the barrier layer are the same as the length and width of the enclosure. The height of the enclosure is greater than the height of the speaker, but does not exceed half the length or half the width of the enclosure.

[0258] S1501. Determine the target area, non-target area, target requirements, and input signals.

[0259] The specific implementation of S1501 in this embodiment is described in S1101 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0260] S1502. Determine the material of the barrier layer and manufacture barrier layers with different flow resistances.

[0261] The specific implementation of S1502 in this embodiment is described in S1102 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0262] S1503. Test the frequency response of the sound-generating device at different measurement points in the anechoic chamber when the blocking layers with different flow resistance are installed on the sound-generating device.

[0263] For example, a measuring point 1 is set in front of the sound-generating device, and a measuring point 2 is set behind the sound-generating device. The distance from measuring point 1 to the sound-generating device is the same as the distance from measuring point 2 to the sound-generating device, for example, one meter.

[0264] Different flow resistance blocking layers are installed on the sound-generating device. For each sound-generating device, the frequency response of the sound-generating device to different measurement points is measured in the anechoic chamber.

[0265] The specific implementation of S1503 in this embodiment is described in S1103 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0266] S1504. If the frequency response difference of the sound-generating device at different measurement points in the anechoic chamber is greater than the preset value, then the flow resistance of the sound-generating device is determined as the target flow resistance.

[0267] The preset value is the minimum sound pressure difference between the target area and the non-target area, determined based on experiments or experience, to meet the design requirements (improving the audio experience for users in the target area and reducing the impact on non-target areas). For example, 15dB.

[0268] Specifically, for each flow resistance, the frequency response difference at different measurement points corresponding to that flow resistance is determined. If the frequency response difference is greater than a preset value, then that flow resistance is determined as the target flow. Subsequently, the left and right sound generating devices can be designed according to the target flow resistance.

[0269] As exemplified, Figure 16 illustrates the relationship between the changes in flow resistance and frequency response detected at measurement points 1 and 2 in an anechoic chamber. Measurement point 1 is located 1 meter in front of the sound-generating device, and measurement point 2 is located 1 meter behind the sound-generating device.

[0270] This diagram illustrates the relationship between the simulated flow resistance and the average sound pressure difference between the target and non-target regions when the left and right sound-generating devices in the headrest system use the same flow resistance.

[0271] S1505. Construct a sound-generating device based on the target flow resistance.

[0272] A blocking layer is constructed based on a defined target flow resistance, and a sound-generating device is constructed based on the blocking layer and the loudspeaker.

[0273] Thus, by completing the above steps, the design of the sound-generating device in the headrest system is finished. The sound-generating device can then be used directly, thereby reducing the impact on other areas when changing the sound effect experience in the target area.

[0274] It is understandable that in the sound-generating devices shown in Figures 7 and 8 above, part of the blocking layer is located outside the enclosure. For the sound-generating devices shown in Figures 7 or 8, the design method S1500-S1505 should be adopted. During the design process, the size of the enclosure should be modified according to the structural adaptability of the sound-generating device.

[0275] For example, as shown in Figure 17, Figure 17(a) is a sound pressure level distribution diagram in the vehicle cabin when the headrest system's sound-emitting device uses a sealed enclosure speaker before the front passenger seat uses the headrest system provided in this application. The vehicle cabin includes the driver's area 1701, the front passenger area 1702, and the rear area 1703. Figure 17(b) is a sound pressure level distribution diagram in the vehicle cabin when the headrest system's sound-emitting device uses a barrier layer and a sealed enclosure after the front passenger seat uses the headrest system provided in this application. The vehicle cabin includes the driver's area 1704, the front passenger area 1705, and the rear area 1706. It can be seen that after using the headrest system provided in this application, the sound pressure level in the rear area is significantly reduced, and the average sound pressure level difference between the front passenger area and other areas is greater than the average sound pressure level difference between the front passenger area and other areas before using the headrest system. The headrest system provided in this application can significantly reduce the impact on non-target areas.

[0276] The foregoing mainly describes the solutions provided by the embodiments of this application from a methodological perspective. To achieve the above functions, it includes corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for executing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0277] Based on the same inventive concept, this application provides a sound-generating device design apparatus. Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a sound-generating device design apparatus provided in this application. Exemplarily, the sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 may specifically include: a processing module 1801 and an acquisition module 1802. This sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 is used to execute the sound-generating device design method described in the method embodiment of Figure 11 or Figure 15.

[0278] The processing module 1801 is used by the sound-generating device design device 1800 to perform the processing function of either Figure 11 or Figure 15.

[0279] The acquisition module 1802 is used to support the sound-generating device design device 1800 in performing the acquisition function of either Figure 11 or Figure 15.

[0280] Optionally, the sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 may further include a display module (not shown in FIG. 18) for displaying the constructed sound-generating device. The sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 may also include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 18) storing programs or instructions. When the processing module 1801 and the acquisition module 1802 execute the program or instructions, the sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 shown in FIG. 18 can perform the sound-generating device design method described in the above method embodiments. Of course, the sound-generating device design apparatus 1800 may also include other modules, or it may include fewer modules. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0281] The operation and / or function of each unit in the sound-generating device design device 1800 are respectively to realize the corresponding process of the sound-generating device design method described in the above method embodiments. All relevant contents of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referred to the functional description of the corresponding functional unit. The technical effect of the sound-generating device design device can be referred to the technical effect of the method described in the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0282] This application also provides a chip system, as shown in FIG19. The chip system 1900 includes at least one processor 1901 and at least one interface circuit 1902. As an example, when the chip system 1900 includes one processor and one interface circuit, the processor can be the processor 1901 shown in the solid box in FIG19 (or the processor 1901 shown in the dashed box), and the interface circuit can be the interface circuit 1902 shown in the solid box in FIG19 (or the interface circuit 1902 shown in the dashed box). When the chip system 1900 includes two processors and two interface circuits, the two processors include the processor 1901 shown in the solid box and the processor 1901 shown in the dashed box in FIG19, and the two interface circuits include the interface circuit 1902 shown in the solid box and the interface circuit 1902 shown in the dashed box in FIG19. This is not a limitation.

[0283] Processor 1901 and interface circuit 1902 can be interconnected via lines. For example, interface circuit 1902 can be used to receive signals. As another example, interface circuit 1902 can be used to send signals to other devices (e.g., processor 1901). Exemplarily, interface circuit 1902 can read instructions stored in memory and send the instructions to processor 1901. When the instructions are executed by processor 1901, the steps in the above embodiments can be performed. Of course, the chip system may also include other discrete devices, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0284] Optionally, there can be one or more processors in the chip system. The processor can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in memory.

[0285] Optionally, the chip system may also include a memory (not shown in Figure 19). There may be one or more memories, which may be integrated with the processor or disposed separately; this application does not limit this. For example, the memory may be a non-transitory processor, such as read-only memory (ROM), which may be integrated with the processor on the same chip or disposed separately on different chips. This application does not specifically limit the type of memory or the arrangement of the memory and processor.

[0286] For example, the chip system may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on a chip (SoC), a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0287] It should be understood that each step in the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor hardware or by instructions in software form. The method steps disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0288] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the corresponding flow of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0289] Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, any of the following: USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0290] In some embodiments, the disclosed method may be implemented as computer program instructions encoded in a machine-readable format on a computer-readable storage medium or on other non-transitory media or articles of art.

[0291] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the corresponding process of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0292] In addition, this application also provides an apparatus, which may specifically be a chip, component or module. The apparatus may include a connected processor and a memory. The memory is used to store computer execution instructions. When the apparatus is running, the processor can execute the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to cause the apparatus to perform the corresponding process of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0293] In addition, this application also provides a system, which may specifically be a chip, component or module. The system may include a connected processor and a memory. The memory is used to store computer execution instructions. When the system is running, the processor can execute the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to make the system execute the corresponding process of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0294] The apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, or chip provided in the embodiments of this application are all used to execute the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects of the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0295] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sound-generating device, characterized in that, include: The enclosure, and the speaker and the blocking layer installed in the enclosure; The box has a first opening on one side, and the barrier layer is disposed in the first opening; The speaker is disposed opposite to the barrier layer, and there is a gap between the end of the speaker near the barrier layer and the barrier layer.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier layer is disposed inside the box, the barrier layer is embedded in the first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the inner surface of the box.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier layer is disposed outside the housing, the barrier layer covers the first opening, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the end face of the housing with the first opening.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier layer includes a first part and a second part connected to the first part; the first part is disposed inside the box, the first part is embedded with the first opening, and the edge of the first part is connected to the inner surface of the box; the second part is disposed outside the box, the second part covers the first opening, and the edge of the second part is connected to the end face of the box with the first opening.

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The barrier layer includes a damping material, which is a material with a flow resistance value greater than 450.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The damping material includes porous materials.

7. A sound-generating device, characterized in that, include: The enclosure, and the speaker and the blocking layer installed in the enclosure; The box has a first opening on one side, and the barrier layer covers the first opening; the barrier layer is disposed outside the box, and the edge of the barrier layer is connected to the end face of the box with the first opening; The speaker is positioned opposite the barrier layer, and the end of the speaker closest to the barrier layer is in contact with the barrier layer.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The barrier layer includes a damping material, which is a material with a flow resistance value greater than 450.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The damping material includes porous materials.

10. A headrest system, characterized in that, include: The headrest and the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the headrest and the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, or the headrest, the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the sound-generating device is disposed close to the headrest.

11. A type of seat, characterized in that, The seat includes the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the seat includes the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, or the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and the headrest and the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

12. A means of transportation, characterized in that, It includes at least one of the sound-generating devices according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the sound-generating device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, or the headrest system according to claim 10, or the seat according to claim 11.

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