Modified optics and color sensing for enhanced oral cavity enamel measurements

Abstract

A powered personal care device comprises a processor and a handle portion that comprises a motor shaft and / or a stem. The stem comprises an optical component circuit board. The optical component circuit board comprises at least one light-emitting element that transmits excitation light to a target substrate. The stem comprises an optical sensor that receives at least some reflected light from the target substrate. The device comprises a head portion that is removably connected to the handle portion in at least two states. The head portion comprises one or more adapters such as an optical adapter that comprises a head piece. The optical adapter is configured such that at least one opening and / or at least one detecting lens limits a probing area of the optical sensor on the target substrate. The processor determines a color of the target substrate based on reflected light from the probing area.

Description

MODIFIED OPTICS AND COLOR SENSING FOR ENHANCED ORAL CAVITY ENAMEL MEASUREMENTSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims the benefit of priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 664,873, filed June 27, 2024, United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 664,837, filed June 27, 2024, United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 696,651, filed September 19, 2024, and United Stacs Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 696,734, filed September 19, 2024, the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] Various personal care devices, such as a toothbrush, razor, water pick, etc., may be used to clean the one or more body parts (e.g., teeth / dentition) in a target area (e.g., oral cavity, legs, arm pits, etc.), for example by removing plaque and / or debris from the tooth / dentition surfaces. Toothbrushes can be used for numerous oral health purposes. For example, toothbrushes can be used for whitening teeth, killing bacteria within the oral cavity / mouth, detecting the presence of bacteria within the mouth, increasing blood circulation for gum therapy, and / or reducing the pain from gum inflammation.

[0003] Teeth whitening may lighten the color of teeth and / or may remove stains. Some teeth whitening procedures may be performed by a consumer in their home with commercial teeth whitening products. A consumer may use tooth whitening strips and gels, tray-based tooth bleaching systems, tooth whitening toothpastes, and / or whitening rinses.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0004] One or more devices, systems, and / or processes / techniques described herein may include a powered personal care device that may comprise at least one processor and / or a handle portion. The handle portion may comprise a motor shaft and / or a stem. The stem may comprise at least an optical component circuit board. The optical component circuit board may comprise at least one light-emitting element. The at least one light-emitting element may be configured to transmit excitation light to a target substrate. The optical component circuit board may comprise an opticalsensor. The optical sensor may be configured to receive at least some reflected light from the target substrate.

[0005] The handle portion may comprise a head portion. The head portion may be removably connected to the handle portion in at least two states, such as a decoupled state in which the head portion is separated from the handle portion, and a coupled state in which the head portion is connected to the handle portion. The head portion may comprise one or more adapters. At least one adapter may be an optical adapter. The optical adapter may comprise a head piece.

[0006] The head piece may comprise a cavity. The cavity may have a front side distal from the stem and / or a rear side proximate to the stem. The head piece may have at least one opening disposed on the rear side. The optical adapter may be configured such that at least one of the at least one opening, or at least one detecting lens, limits a probing area of the optical sensor on the target substrate. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a color of the target substrate based at least in part of the reflected light from the probing area.

[0007] One or more devices, systems, and / or processes / techniques described herein may include a method for determining a color of an object by an electronic imaging device that may be in communication with a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, at least one processor, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a memory, and / or a visual display. One or more methods may comprise capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source. One or more methods may comprise accessing, by the at least one processor, at least one normalization image.

[0008] One or more methods may comprise removing, by the at least one processor, uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image. One or more methods may comprise displaying, by the at least one processor, the calculated second image on the visual display, the calculated second image may correspond to an uneven illumination-corrected first image. One or more methods may comprise determining, by the at least one processor, a color of the object based on the calculated second image.

[0009] One or more devices, systems, and / or processes / techniques described herein may include an electronic imaging device for determining a color of an object. The device may comprise a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, a memory, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a visual display, and / or at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured toilluminate the object via the light source and / or to capture a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source.

[0010] The at least one processor may be configured to access at least one normalization image from the memory. The at least one processor may be configured to remove uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image. The at least one processor may be configured to display the calculated second image on the visual display. The calculated second image may correspond to an uneven illumination-corrected first image. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a color of the object based on the calculated second image.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a whitening / measuring toothbrush, showing the internal stem, a brush adaptor for consumer teeth cleaning / whitening, and an optical adaptor for measuring enamel color.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an example cross section of the optical adaptor of FIG. 1 showing an internal lens and other components.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example technique for removing uneven illumination of an image.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example hardware configuration of an example device that may function as a process control device / logic controller for devices / techniques described herein.

[0016] FIG. 5 is an example schematic of an internal circuit board for the optical components for measuring the color of materials and an example of a printed circuit board (PCB) with one or more components.

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates an example schematic showing a layout of light-emitting elements with respect to an optical sensor and a probing area of a target substrate.

[0018] FIG. 7 A and FIG. 7B illustrate example diagrams of arrangements using a pinhole to limit a probing area of a target substrate and / or using a lens to limit a probing area of a target substrate.

[0019] FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B illustrate example diagrams of a head / top of an optical adaptor using a pinhole and a head / top of a lens modified optical adaptor.

[0020] FIG. 9A illustrates an example of a shade guide system used to test the pinhole based optical adapter vs. the lens based optical adapter.

[0021] FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C illustrate example diagrams of error bar plots of the L*a*b* (LAB) values for the shade guide measured with the pinhole system vs. the actual LAB values, and the error bar plots of the LAB values for the shade guide measured with the lens modified system vs. the actual LAB values.

[0022] FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C illustrate an example image of the cross polarized mounting place over a smartphone's camera and flash, an example image of the shade guide tabs without cross polarization and with gloss, and an example of the shade guide tabs with the cross polarizer mounting that removes the gloss.

[0023] FIG. 11 A, FIG. 1 IB, FIG. 11C, and FIG. 1 ID illustrate an example of an XRite color card (converted to b & w form), an example of an A4 normalization sheet used for uneven illumination correction, an example image of unknown color tabs (converted to b & w), and an image of the shade guide (converted to b & w form).

[0024] FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, FIG. 12C, and FIG. 12D illustrate the variation in color measurement resulting from uneven illumination.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates at least two example methods for correcting uneven illumination from an uneven light source.

[0026] FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. 14D illustrate the reduction in variation in color measurement resulting from correcting for uneven illumination.

[0027] FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, FIG. 15C, and FIG. 15D illustrate the reduction in variation in color measurement resulting from correcting for uneven illumination.

[0028] FIG. 16 A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C illustrate an example image with ambient light on and flash on, and an example image with only the ambient light, and an example calculated image from a subtraction of the second image from the first image to get the effects of the flash only.

[0029] FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B illustrate an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the color tabs (converted to b & w) taken from an ambient light subtracted image, and an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the shade tabs taken from an ambient light subtracted image.

[0030] FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C illustrate an example image of an application in which the consumer uses to instantaneously take two pictures: the first with flash and the second withoutflash of a color card standard, and an example of the color values of the dual image of the object of interest (c.g., a purple box), and an example of tracking the consumer's whitening.

[0031] The drawings represent one or more aspects of the disclosure and do not limit the scope of invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention or inventions. The description of illustrative embodiments is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description. In the description of the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merely intended for convenience of description and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the present inventions. Relative terms such as “lower,” “upper,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “above,” “below,” “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “front” and “rear” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description only and do not require a particular orientation unless explicitly indicated as such. Terms such as “attached,” “affixed,” “connected,” “coupled,” “interconnected,” “secured” and other similar terms refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. The discussion herein describes and illustrates some possible non-limiting combinations of features that may exist alone or in other combinations of features. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is to be interpreted as a logical operator that results in true whenever one or more of its operands are true. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase “based on” is to be interpreted as meaning “based at least in part on,” and therefore is not limited to the interpretation “based entirely on.”

[0033] As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

[0034] In the following description, where block diagrams or circuits are shown and described, one of skill in the art will recognize that, for the sake of clarity, not all peripheral components or circuits are shown in the figures or described in the description. For example, common components such as memory devices and power sources may not be discussed herein, as their role would be easily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, the terms “couple” and “operably couple” can refer to a direct or indirect coupling of two components of a circuit.

[0035] Features of the present inventions may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or combinations thereof. The computer programs described herein are not limited to any particular embodiment, and may be implemented in an operating system, application program, foreground or background processes, driver, or any combination thereof. The computer programs may be executed on a single computer or server processor or multiple computer or server processors.

[0036] Processors described herein may be any central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, micro-controller, computational, or programmable device or circuit configured for executing computer program instructions (e.g., code). Various processors may be embodied in computer and / or server hardware of any suitable type (e.g., desktop, laptop, notebook, tablets, cellular phones, etc.) and may include all the usual ancillary components necessary to form a functional data processing device including without limitation a bus, software and data storage such as volatile and non-volatile memory, input / output devices, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), removable data storage, and wired and / or wireless communication interface devices including WiFi™, Bluetooth™, FAN, cellular, satellite, etc.

[0037] Computer-executable instructions or programs (e.g., software or code) and data described herein may be programmed into and tangibly embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium that is accessible to and retrievable by a respective processor as described herein which configures and directs the processor to perform the desired functions and processes by executing the instructions encoded in the medium. A device embodying a programmable processor configured to such non-transitory computer-executable instructions or programs may be referred to as a “programmable device”, or “device”, and multiple programmable devices in mutual communication may be referred to as a “programmable system.” It should be noted that non- transitory “computer-readable medium” as described herein may include, without limitation, any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory including random access memory (RAM) and various types thereof, read-only memory (ROM) and various types thereof, USB flash memory, and magnetic or optical data storage devices (e.g., intemal / extemal hard disks, floppy discs, magnetictape CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, optical disk, ZIP™ drive, Blu-ray disk, and others), which may be written to and / or read by a processor operably connected to the medium.

[0038] In certain scenarios, the any of the subject matter disclosed herein may be embodied in the form of computer- implemented processes and apparatuses such as processor-based data processing and communication systems or computer systems for practicing those processes. The present inventions may also be embodied in the form of software or computer program code embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which when loaded into and executed by the data processing and communications systems or computer systems, the computer program code segments configure the processor to create specific logic circuits configured for implementing the processes.

[0039] In one or more scenarios, a color sensing device may measure enamel. Some color sensors have been developed for flat surfaces with opaque materials under controlled lighting conditions. For measuring tooth enamel color, several modifications and specific parameters are described herein for accurate color measurements. One or more parameter values, parameter ranges, and / or design of a device are described.

[0040] In one or more scenarios, a modified optics system for enhancing enamel measurements in a handheld device. Techniques and devices described herein may narrow down / limit the region of interest with a fabricated pinhole. Techniques and devices described herein may narrow down / limit the region of interest with a lens placed directly over the color sensor.

[0041] In one or more scenarios, numerical methods may correct for uneven illumination to improve the accuracy and / or precision of color measurements in a Camcra / SmartPhonc system. Disclosed herein are methods and devices to improve the accuracy of color measurements made with an electronic imaging device, such as a digital camera, tablet, and / or a smartphone. One of the difficulties in measuring color with a Smartphone is the ability to control the lighting conditions and / or to remove possible effects from the surrounding ambient light. To compensate for this, the methods and devices described herein have been developed to correct for uneven illumination from a light source (e.g., a built-in or external light source / flash from the Smartphone) and / or to remove the signal caused by the surrounding ambient light.

[0042] As described herein, devices and / or processes may provide for in-vivo enamel measurements in a consumer device. As described herein, devices and / or processes may provide a description of an optical system which may limit an optical sensor detector's field of view / probing area with a lens and / or with an (e.g., opaque) pinhole.

[0043] As described herein, devices and / or processes may provide for one or more devices and / or techniques to improve the accuracy and / or precision of an electronic imaging dcvicc / optical sensing / color sensing device’s color measurement using one or more (e.g., two) normalization techniques and / or harnessing the power of the incoherence that exists between the imaging device’s flash (e.g.., known light source) with random ambient surroundings (e.g., unknown light source). As used herein, an imaging device may be a color sensor and / or a camera device, among other devices.

[0044] Color perception by the untrained eye is extremely subjective. To minimize and / or mitigate against this subjectivity, more objective devices and / or techniques may be useful which allow the user / consumer to correctly / more accurately track the color of an object, such as enamel of teeth, for example, among other objects. Described herein are method / techniques and / or devices and / or the applicable ranges for a toothbrush to accurately measure the color of a solid.

[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a whitening / measuring toothbrush 102, showing the internal stem 104, a brush adaptor 106 for consumer teeth cleaning / whitening (e.g., that may comprise a plurality of bristles 108), and an optical adaptor 110 for measuring enamel color. The body / handle 112 of the toothbrush 102 may contain the stem piece 104 which contains the relevant electronics and / or optical sensor 114. Protecting the electronic components may be clear plastic material (not shown). The clear plastic may allow transmission of light (not shown) from the on board light-emitting elements (e.g., LEDs, not shown) onto a sample / target substrate (not shown), and / or a transmission of scattered light (not shown) from the sample / target substrate (not shown) to the sensor (not shown).

[0046] There may be at least two adaptors for the body 112 of the toothbrush 102. The first adapter 106 may contain bristles 108 located near a top / head part of the first adapter. The first adapter 106, when placed on top of the stem 104, may act as the brush for consumer teeth cleaning use. The first adapter / brush adapter 106 may (e.g., completely) cover the electronic components 114. The material of the brush adapter 106 can be designed from any suitable toothbrush material.

[0047] The second adaptor / optical adapter 110 may be designed for optical measurements. The optical adapter 110 may contain a head piece 111 may be similar in shape to the bristles 108 (e.g., when viewed macroscopically, but may be a hollowed-out, external shell. The external shell may block out ambient (e.g., external light sources from interfering with the sensors measurements), may maintain a fixed distance from the sample / target substrate and the optical sensor (e.g., ~10 mm, etc., perhaps because the sample / target substrate may be measured flush against the opticaladaptor 110; and / or may help the user / consumer correctly align the measurement to the sample (c.g., tooth enamel, gums, or whatever sample is under considcration / mcasurcmcnt). The optical adapter 110 may be made out of a suitable material (e.g., BR003 material, ABS, PP, other opaque polymeric material, etc. with black colorant). To block out light, among other reasons, a colorant material may be added during molding. To block the ambient light, polymeric material with black colorants may be used. This colorant may give the optical adaptor 110 its color.

[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates an example cross section 202 of the optical adaptor 110 of FIG. 1 showing an internal lens and other components. The lenses 206A, 206B may approximately align (e.g., a focal point / emitting point / sensing point alignment, one or more predetermined geometric alignments, etc.) with the light-emitting elements 208, 210 that may be put on the optical component circuit board 218 inside the toothbrush stem 104. The lenses 206A, 206B may flank an opening (not shown) which may coincide with the color / optical sensor 212 (e.g., embedded in a pinhole- not shown) on the optical component circuit board 218. Inside the head piece 111, there may be a cavity 204 in which one or more (e.g., two) lens components 206A, 206B (e.g., made out of clear plastic) may be disposed. The lenses 206A, 206B may flank an opening (not shown) in a rear 216 of the cavity 204 (e.g., opposite a front 217 of the cavity 204). Once placed on top of the stem piece 104 (e.g., that may be in communication with a motor shaft 220), the lenses 206A, 206B may cover the light-emitting elements 208, 210 inside the stem piece 104. The opening may be directly over the optical sensor 212. The optical sensor 212 and / or the one or two light-emitting elements 208, 210 may be disposed on an optical components circuit board 218. The lenses 206A, 206B may be designed with a curvature that may aid in diverging the light from the light-emitting elements 208, 210. This may help to create a more uniform light source. The lenses 206A, 206B may be present in the pinhole configuration and / or the lens-modified configuration. The lenses 206A, 206B may be made of a clear plastic material (e.g., BR003). No colorant may be added to the lens 206A, 206B components. Because the optical adaptor 110 and the lenses 206A, 206B may be made of the same material, they can be manufactured into a single solid piece. In one or more scenarios, lens 206A may be a concave lens that is thicker at the edges and thinner at the center to diverge light to make the illumination more homogeneous. In one or more scenarios, lens 206B is a light baffle to prevent light from LED 208 and / or 210 to enter sensor directly.

[0049] The stem piece 104 may be designed to fit with the first & second adaptors 106, 110 in a directional manner. This may be determined by the shape of the stem piece 104 and the two"antennae" 118 (e.g., see FIG. 1 left) on top of the stem piece 104 which have corresponding female components on the first / sccond adaptors 106, 110.

[0050] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example hardware configuration of an example device that may function as a process control device / logic controller, for a whitening / cleaning / measuring toothbrush and / or techniques performed by such a toothbrush and / or an electronic imaging device (e.g., a light / spectral sensor, perhaps without special resolution (e.g., at least one, or only one pixel with multiple channels for different wavelengths), among other devices / techniques. The hardware configuration 400 may be operable to facilitate delivery of information from an internal server of a device. The hardware configuration 400 can include a processor 410, a memory 420, a storage device 430, and / or an input / output device 440. One or more of the components 410, 420, 430, and 440 can, for example, be interconnected using a system bus 450. The processor 410 can process instructions for execution within the hardware configuration 400. The processor 410 can be a single-threaded processor or the processor 410 can be a multi-threaded processor. The processor 410 can be capable of processing instructions stored in the memory 420 and / or on the storage device 430.

[0051] The memory 420 can store information within the hardware configuration 400. The memory 420 can be a computer- readable medium (CRM), for example, a non-transitory CRM. The memory 420 can be a volatile memory unit, and / or can be a non-volatile memory unit.

[0052] The storage device 430 can be capable of providing mass storage for the hardware configuration 400. The storage device 430 can be a computer-readable medium (CRM), for example, a non-transitory CRM. The storage device 430 can, for example, include a hard disk device, an optical disk device, flash memory and / or some other large capacity storage device. The storage device 430 can be a device external to the hardware configuration 400.

[0053] The input / output device 440 may provide input / output operations for the hardware configuration 400. The input / output device 440 (e.g., a wired / wireless transceiver device) can include one or more of a network interface device (e.g., an Ethernet card), a serial communication device (e.g., an RS-232 port), one or more universal serial bus (USB) interfaces (e.g., a USB 2.0 port) and / or a wireless interface device (e.g., an 802.11 card). The input / output device can include driver devices configured to send communications to, and / or receive communications from one or more networks (not shown). The input / output device 400 may be in communication with one or more input / output modules (not shown) that may be proximate to the hardware configuration 400 and / or may be remote from the hardware configuration 400. The one or more output modules mayprovide input / output functionality in the digital signal form, discrete signal form, TTL form, analog signal form, serial communication protocol, fieldbus protocol communication and / or other open or proprietary communication protocol, and / or the like.

[0054] The camera / sensor device 460 may provide digital video input / output capability for the hardware configuration 400. The camera / sensor device 460 may communicate with any of the elements of the hardware configuration 400, perhaps for example via system bus 450. The camera / sensor device 460 may capture digital images and / or may scan images / light of various kinds, such as Universal Product Code (UPC) codes and / or Quick Response (QR) codes, reflected light from a target area, e.g., oral cavity, legs, arm pits, etc.,, and / or excited fluorescence light from a target area, e.g., oral cavity, legs, arm pits, etc., for example, among other images / light as described herein. In one or more scenarios, the camera / sensor device 460 may be the same and / or substantially similar to any of the other camera devices as may be described herein.

[0055] The camera / sensor device 460 may include at least one microphone device and / or at least one speaker device (not shown). The input / output of the camera / sensor device 460 may include audio signals / packets / components, perhaps for example separate / separable from, or in some (e.g., separable) combination with, the video signals / packets / components the camera / sensor device 460.

[0056] The camera / sensor device 460 may be in wired and / or wireless communication with the hardware configuration 400. In one or more scenarios, the camera / sensor device 460 may be external to the hardware configuration 400. In one or more scenarios, the camera / sensor device 460 may be internal to the hardware configuration 400.

[0057] FIG. 5 illustrates an example schematic 502 of an (e.g., internal) circuit board for the optical components for measuring the color of materials and an example of a printed circuit board (PCB) 504 with one or more components. The example circuit 502 may be for the optical component circuit board 218. The example circuit 502 may be controlled and / or powered by the microcontroller unit (MCU) 504 (e.g., including processor 410, among other devices), and / or battery (not shown) in the handle 112 of the toothbrush 102. The MCU 504 may function to control the motor (not shown) in the electric toothbrush 102 and / or to transmit / store some / all data corresponding to the measurements made with the optical components. One or more calibration transformations can be computed and / or stored either internally or externally. In one or more scenarios, the hardware configuration 400 may function as, and / or in cooperation with, the MCU 504. In one or more scenarios, an eccentric motor may be disposed in the stem. In one or more scenarios, a bipolar motor may be disposed in the handle portion.

[0058] At least two useful components for measuring color are the optical sensor 212 and the lightemitting elements 208, 210 (c.g., DI & D2 in 502 of FIG. 5). The optical sensor 212 (c.g., TCS3472 in 502) may be mounted to the optical component circuit board 218 with at least one or two symmetrically placed light-emitting elements (e.g., Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)) flanking the optical sensor 212. In one or more scenarios, the optical sensor 212 that may be used is a TCS34725 (ams AG) which is an RGB-C (Red, Green, Blue, and Clear channels) detecting sensor. Other color sensors which exhibit similar spectral sensitivities and ranges may work. For example, a six (6) channel sensor was also tested in addition to the TCS sensor. On top of the optical sensor 212, a light blocking pinhole (not shown) may be disposed. The optical sensor 212 may be configured to measure light intensities at one or more wavelengths. The one or more wavelengths may include a first wavelength centered at a red light, a second wavelength centered at a green light, and / or a third wavelength centered at a blue light, among other wavelengths. This pinhole may serve several purposes, such as it may limits the region / probing area of the sample / target substrate visible to the optical sensor 212; it may be designed to limit specular reflection from light-emitting elements 208, 210 to sample / target substrate to optical sensor 212; and / or it may limit the optical sensor's 212 interference from the light-emitting elements 208, 210.

[0059] The LED primarily tested is LW L283 (both P2R1 and Q1R2) manufactured by Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH. The LED is a broad spectrum white LED with a temperature rating of 6200 K. Also tested were several other white LEDs with color spectrums in the range 5500- 7000 K. The closer the LED temperature was to the 6500 K seemed to produce better results. The LEDs arc placed approximately 3 millimeters to 6 millimeters, for example 4.5 millimeters, from the active sensing area of the optical sensor 212 (A x of FIG. 6).

[0060] FIG. 6 illustrates an example schematic 602 showing a layout of light-emitting elements 208, 210 (e.g., LEDs) with respect to an optical sensor 212 and a probing area 606 of an object / target substrate 604. The LEDs 208, 210 may be approximately 3 millimeters to 6 millimeters, for example 4.5 millimeters, away from the optical sensor's 212 active area (not shown). In one or more scenarios, the active area may be smaller or larger than the size of the optical sensor. The spacing between the LEDs 208, 210 may be fixed. The height h between the optical sensor 212 and the sample / target substrate 604 may be fixed (e.g., ~10 mm, etc.). The pinhole (not shown) that mounts the optical sensor 212 may confine / limit the probing region 606 to a (e.g., relatively) small region A RROI confined within an area homogeneously illuminated by the LEDs 208, 210. In one or more scenarios, A RH is the radius of homogenous illuminationwhich may be (e.g., approximately) 2-5 mm or larger than the A RROI of approximately 1 mm. IV LED is the width of the LEDs, which may be (e.g., approximately) 1-5 mm.

[0061] In one or more scenarios, in series with the LEDs 208, 210 may be approximately 100 ohm resistors. The resistance approximately controls the current flowing through the LEDs 208, 210. With these resistances, approximately 8 mW may be converted to photo-energy / dissipated in thermal energy across the LEDs 208, 210. The pinhole may be designed to constrict the cone of light as detected by the sensor’s 212 center. The size of the pinhole may be designed (e.g., increased, decreased, etc.) to meet the needs of the A RROL For example, if the sensor 212 is 10 mm away from the sample / target substrate and the pinhole is placed 2 mm above the sensor 212, if the desired A RROI is 1 mm, the pinhole radius could be 0.2 mm, or the like, for such a configuration. A similar configuration may be used for the lens-modified scenarios in terms of the opening (e.g., an elliptical opening with a minor axis size range of 5-6 mm and / or a major axis size range of 10-11 mm) and / or the use of a pinhole.

[0062] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrate example diagrams of arrangements using at least one opening 706 (e.g., a pinhole) to limit a probing area 606 of a target substrate 604 and / or using a lens 708, arranged with at least one opening 707, to limit a probing area 606 of a target substrate 604.

[0063] In one or more scenarios, the pinhole 706 may be used to select the region of interest / probing area 606 (See FIG. 7A). In one or more scenarios, a (e.g., probing) lens 708 (see FIG. 7B) may be used to select the region of interest / probing area 606. The probing lens 708 may have a focal length of about 1 mm to 3 mm, for example 1.88 mm to 1.9 mm. The placement of the probing lens 708 from the optical sensor 212 may be about 2.5 mm and the placement of the probing lens 708 to the target substrate 604 may be about 7.5 mm (see FIG. 7B).

[0064] Measuring color on large flat opaque materials, such as the paint on a wall, is relatively simple. When the substrate under investigation, however, is semi-translucent (an optical property that allows transmission, scattering, and reflection of light), the situation is more difficult. It may be useful to have a homogeneous illumination which is larger than the area (heretofore, the region of interest / probing area 606) probed by the optical sensor / color sensor 212. In this manner, the effects of scattering, reflection, and / or transmission are all allowed to take place similar to normal, ambient illumination.

[0065] In FIG. 7B, calculations of the probing lens' 708 radii of curvature may be material dependent. In one or more scenarios, the probing lens 708 may collect and / or amplify the signal722 returned to the optical sensor 212. In one or more scenarios, a (e.g., relatively small) black out box 718 may be used to block out effects of ambient light and / or excitation light (e.g., from the light-emitting elements), for example.

[0066] To test the lens system, a lens 708 was added to the external adaptor 110. At least one purpose of the external adaptor 110 is to block external ambient light and / or excitation light, and / or to fix the height of the optical sensor 212 from the target substrate 604. FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B illustrate example diagrams of a head / top of an optical adaptor 110 using a pinhole, and a head / top of a lens modified optical adaptor 110. In addition to the lens 708 for the modified adaptor 110, a small black out box 718 was placed on top of the optical sensor 212. At least one purpose of the black out box 718 may be to restrict any straylight from the LEDs 208, 210. The lens 708 may be in alignment with the color sensor (not shown).

[0067] The pinhole and probing lens systems were calibrated and were compared on a fixed shade guide system (See FIG. 9A). FIG. 9A illustrates an example of a shade guide system used to test the pinhole based optical adapter vs. the lens based optical adapter.

[0068] All true values came from a Spectroshade instrument. The plots visually display not much difference between the correlation metrics, but rather a (e.g., relatively big) difference in the noise levels between the shades. This is confirmed with a statistical test shown in Table 1. One additional and / or potentially related side-effect of the probing lens is the enhanced signal levels. These results, as well as a statistical t-test, are shown in Table 2. Table 1 and Table 2 provide justification for the improved robustness of the system with a lens in place of a pinhole.

[0069] FIG. 9A illustrates an example of the shade guide system used to test the pinhole 706 based system vs the probing lens 708 based system. FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C illustrate example diagrams of error bar plots of the L*a*b* (LAB) values for the shade guide measured with the pinhole 706 system vs. the actual LAB values, and the error bar plots of the LAB values for the shade guide measured with the probing lens 708 modified system vs. the actual LAB values.

[0070] BIG. 9B illustrates error bar plots of the L*a*b* (LAB) values for the shade guide measured with the pinhole 706 system vs the actual LAB values. BIG. 9C illustrates the error bar plots of the LAB values for the shade guide measured with the probing lens 708 system vs the actual LAB values. There is a noticeable difference in the size of the error bars in the probing lens 708 systems vs the pinhole 706 system. This observation is confirmed in Table 1. Note for b / c the "actual" LAB values are extracted from in-lab Spectroshade measurements.Table 1

[0071] Table 1 is an example Table of the standard deviations (cr) for each LAB value, dE. Here standard deviation is defined as the square root of the in-group variation. There is a noticeable difference in the magnitude of the standard deviation of the lens system vs the pinhole. Namely the probing lens 708 system has less variability vs the pinhole 706 system. This is confirmed with a Levene statistical test; the p-values are listed for each metric. Assuming a standard alpha value of 0.05, all results considered statistically significant are highlighted in bold (note this is most / all results).Table 2

[0072] Table 2 is an example Table of the RGB signals from the color sensor 212 for the pinhole 706 and the probing lens 708 system. The R, G, B values here are the raw values from the sensor 212 and are averaged over the entire shade guide. The probing lens 708 system clearly shows a larger signal versus the pinhole 706 system. This suggests the probing lens 708 system enhances the signal from the substrate 604. To confirm this, a statistical t-test was performed. Assuming a standard alpha value of 0.05, all results considered statistically significant are indicated in the table.

[0073] One or more device and / or techniques described herein provide for accurate and / or precise measurement of the color of a solid material with an electronic imaging device (c.g., digital camera, a table, a Smartphone and the Smartphone's / camera’ s / tablet’ s built in and / or external light source, such as the flash).

[0074] To demonstrate the contemplated methods, at least two different experiments were run. The first were run in a dark room. For these, a cell phone (e.g., iPhone 7) with two linear polarizers were cross polarized over the flash source and the camera (See FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C). The cell phone was mounted at a fixed distance, and a series of RAW images were taken of an XRite color card for calibration purposes, an A4 sheet, and finally two test samples consisting of color tabs and the 15 tabs from the VitaShade Bleachguide Master (See FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C, and FIG. 11D for examples).

[0075] FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C illustrate an example image of the cross polarized mounting place over a smartphone's camera and flash, an example image of the shade guide tabs without cross polarization and with gloss, and an example of the shade guide tabs with the cross polarizer mounting that removes the gloss.

[0076] FIG. 11A, FIG. 1 IB, FIG. 11C, and FIG. 1 ID illustrate an example of an XRite color card (converted to b & w form), an example of an A4 normalization sheet used for uneven illumination correction, an example image of unknown color tabs (converted to b & w), and an image of the shade guide (converted to b & w form). In FIG. 11C, to account for spatial variation, the tabs were circulated cyclically through every position from 1 to 9. In FIG. 11D, to account for spatial variation the tabs were circulated cyclically through positions 1 to 15.

[0077] To demonstrate the uneven illumination effect on color measurement, after camera calibration with the XRite color card, the color tabs and the shade tabs all display a large position and noise variance without correcting for the uneven illumination. Note for the noise measurement - the tabs positions were rotated through various positions to systematically detect positional variance (as described in FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D). These results are shown in FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, FIG. 12C, and FIG. 12D.

[0078] FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, FIG. 12C, and FIG. 12D illustrate an example scatter plot showing significant deviation in the estimated LAB values from the smartphone for a single image of the color tabs, an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements to show the large level of variation associated with the uneven illumination for the color tabs, an example scatter plot showing the deviation in the LAB values for a single image, and an example scatterplot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through most / all spatial positions. FIG. 12A specifically demonstrates the deviation for a single layout of different color cards (converted to b & w form), while FIG. 12B demonstrates the total variation as the color cards are moved from position to position, experiencing different levels of light from the uneven illumination. FIG. 12C and FIG. 12D show the same effect but for 15 shade tabs.

[0079] FIG. 12A illustrates a scatter plot showing significant deviation in the estimated LAB values from the smartphone for a single image of the color tabs. This effect is due to the uneven illumination. FIG. 12B illustrates a scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements to show the large level of variation associated with the uneven illumination for the color tabs. The variation comes from the positional dependence of the color tab. The position is varied as described FIG. HA, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C, and FIG. 11D. FIG. 12C illustrates a scatter plot showing the deviation in the LAB values for a single image. The plot clearly demonstrates in the L and b values the effects of the uneven illumination. FIG. 12D illustrates a scatter plot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through all spatial positions. The tabs are cyclically moved through each spatial position. In all images, the x-axis is the Spectroshade values (e.g., treated as true values) vs. the y-axis which the smartphone estimated values. In all of the images, the uneven illumination is not corrected for.

[0080] To correct for the illumination, at least two methods may be used. At least a first method may use the A4 sheet as a normalization image. By dividing the 3 channel RGB RAW images by the respective channels from the RGB A4 image, the uneven illumination may be removed over the field of view of the A4 sheet in each respective channel. The respective equations are I^t= iwcry i(G)(Ry 1B)’ I fflaft = ’ I fflnatt = "nrr- This first method is shown in FIG. 13. The results are for thelA4lA41A4 unknown color tabs and the shade tabs are shown in FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. FIG. 14D and tabulated in Table 3.

[0081] FIG. 13 illustrates an example first original image of a color card (converted to b & w form) with the uneven illumination from a flash, an example first image of an A4 normalization sheet, and a first illumination corrected image, an example second original image of the color card (converted to b & w form) with the uneven illumination from the flash, an example image representing the polynomial calculated uneven illumination of the A4 normalization sheet, and an example second illumination corrected image.

[0082] In FIG. 13, at 1302 an original image of the color card with the uneven illumination from the flash is illustrated. At 1304, an image of the A4 sheet is illustrated. This sheet may act as the normalization for uneven illumination. Note the correction may (e.g., only) apply to the region that the A4 is active on. At 1306, an illumination-corrected image is illustrated. This is a calculated image by dividing 1302 by 1304. Note that a green hue (not shown) may be an artifact of the image extraction and / or the normalization around the edges (e.g., the intended purpose here is to show the process). This effect may disappear when a calibration may be applied. At 1308, an original image of the color card with the uneven illumination from the flash is illustrated. At 1310, an image representing a polynomial calculated uneven illumination of the A4 sheet is illustrated. There may be some residual edge effects which can be carefully analyzed. At 1312, an illumination corrected image is illustrated. This may be a calculated image by dividing 1308 by 1310.

[0083] In FIG. 13, stated somewhat differently, images 1302 demonstrate a color card (converted to b & w form) illuminated with the uneven light source. The uneven illumination is demonstrated in 1304 (converted from b & w) on an A4 sheet of paper. 1306 shows the results of normalizing (dividing) the RGB converted digital matrix representing 1302 by the RGB converted digital matrix representing 1304. Image 1308 shows a color card (converted to b & w form) illuminated with an uneven light source. Image 1310 shows a greyscale image of one polynomial form factor calculated from something such as the uneven illumination measured through the RGB digital representation of figure 1304. Polynomials can be computed in each respective color channel (R / G / B), or as a single using a greyscale converted digital representation of image 1304. Image 1312 represents the digital RGB form of image 1308 divided by the numerically calculated uneven illumination field represented in image 1310; the polynomial correction can be applied for each channel’s (R / G / B) polynomial form or using the single greyscale polynomial fit. All divisions are done as float, and the resultant Matrix is used for color measurements; the representations in 1306 / 1312 have been scaled back to standard 8-bit levels for demonstration. Images 1302 / 1304 / 1308 can be of any reasonable resolution, e.g., 8-16 bit, among other resolutions. One or more fixed polynomial forms may be used. One or more polynomial forms may be a physical interpretation which could be exploited to accommodate variable distances between the source and an image, angles, etc., particularly if the form its based off is expanding to higher orders. In one or more scenarios, other fits that closely approximates the lights curvature may be sufficient perform the same function.

[0084] FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. 14D illustrate an example scatter plot showing significant deviation in the estimated LAB values from a smartphone for a single image of the color tabs (converted to b & w form), an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements showing significantly improved levels of variation associated with the color tabs (converted to b & w form), an example scatter plot showing the deviation in the LAB values for a single image for the shade tabs, and an example scatter plot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through most / all spatial positions.

[0085] FIG. 14A specifically demonstrates the deviation for a single layout of different color cards (converted to b & w form) after correcting for uneven illumination using an A4 Sheet for correction as demonstrated in FIG 13. FIG. 14B demonstrates the total variation as the color cards are moved from position to position, experiencing different levels of light after correction for uneven illumination using an A4 Sheet for correction as demonstrated in FIG 13. FIG. 14C and FIG. 14D show the same effect as FIG. 14A and B but for 15 shade tabs, using an A4 Sheet for correction as demonstrated in FIG. 13.

[0086] FIG. 14A illustrates an example scatter plot showing (e.g., significantly) less deviation in the estimated LAB values from the smartphone for a single image of the color tabs (converted to b & w form). Comparing this result against FIG. 12A qualitatively shows a significant improvement. FIG. 14B illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements showing significantly improved levels of variation associated with the color tabs. The reduction in variation is from correcting for uneven illumination. Position is varied as described in FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D. FIG. 14C illustrates an example scatter plot showing the deviation in the LAB values for a single image for the shade tabs. FIG. 14D illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through all spatial positions. The tabs are cyclically moved through each spatial position as described in FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D. In all images, the x-axis is the Spectroshade values (e.g., treated as true values) vs. the y- axis which the smartphone estimated values. In all of the images, the uneven illumination is corrected for using the A4 sheet normalization.Table 3

[0087] Table 3 includes the square root of the in-group variation for the A4 normalized and raw data. Statistical tests done with Levine type test on the in-group variation. This test demonstrates a significant reduction in the variation by correcting for the uneven illumination.

[0088] At least one second technique to correct for uneven illumination is shown in FIG. 13 at 1308, 1310, and 1312. In this second method, in place of the A4 sheet, a polynomial correction for the uneven illumination can be calculated. This correction then acts as the normalization plane and the same elements can be used as developed / described for the first method. The results are shown in FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, FIG. 15C, and FIG. 15D and tabulated in Table 4. The usefulness of this method is that while it is demonstrated a calculated polynomial correction with the A4 sheet, this second method is generalizable such that only part of the background can be used for imaging. In other words, a calibration, uneven illumination correction, and measurement can all be performed without requiring multiple images.

[0089] FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, FIG. 15C, and FIG. 15D illustrate an example scatter plot showing significantly less deviation in the estimated LAB values from a smartphone for a single image of the color tabs (converted to b & w form), an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements showing significantly improved levels of variation associated with the color tabs (converted to b & w form), an example scatter plot showing the deviation in the LAB values for a single image for the shade tabs, and an example scatter plot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through most / all spatial positions.

[0090] FIG. 15 A specifically demonstrates the deviation for a single layout of different color cards (converted to b & w form) after correcting for uneven illumination using a polynomial fit to correct for uneven illumination as demonstrated in FIG 13. FIG. 15B demonstrates the total variation as the color cards are moved from position to position, experiencing different levels of light aftercorrection for uneven illumination using a polynomial fit to correct for uneven illumination as demonstrated in FIG. 13. FIG. 15C and FIG. 15D show the same effect as FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B but for 15 shade tabs, using a polynomial fit to correct for uneven illumination as demonstrated in FIG. 13.

[0091] FIG. 15A illustrates an example scatter plot showing significant deviation in the estimated LAB values from the smartphone for a single image of the color tabs. Comparing this result against FIG. 12A qualitatively shows a significant improvement. FIG. 15B illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of the measurements showing significantly improved levels of variation associated with the color tabs. The reduction in variation is from correcting for uneven illumination. Position is varied as described in FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D. FIG. 15C illustrates an example scatter plot showing the deviation in the Lab values for a single image for the shade tabs. FIG. 15D illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviations from measurements cycling through all spatial positions. The tabs are cyclically moved through each spatial position as described in FIG. 11C and FIG. 1 ID. In all images, the x-axis is the Spectroshade values (e.g., treated as true values) vs. the y-axis which the smartphone / digital camera estimated values. In all of the images, the uneven illumination is corrected for using the A4 sheet normalization.Table 4

[0092] Table 4 illustrates a square root of the in-group variation for the polynomial normalized and raw data. Statistical test done with Levine type test on the in-group variation. This test demonstrates a significant reduction in the variation by correcting for the uneven illumination.

[0093] In one or more scenarios, as many smartphone / digital camera users would prefer using their smartphone / digital camera under ambient light conditions, a technique harnessing the power of the incoherent nature of the light from the environment and the cell phone is described herein. To demonstrate this, the same sequence of measurements were taken in ambient light. In addition to the set with the flash being on, a second set of images were taken with the flash off. To remove the artifact of the ambient light, the respective image with the flash off was subtracted from the corresponding image with the flash on (See FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C). The analysis then proceeded in the same manner as described herein. The results are shown in FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B.

[0094] FIG. 16 A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C illustrate an example image with ambient light on and flash on, and an example image with only the ambient light, and an example calculated image from a subtraction of the second image from the first image to get the effects of the flash only.

[0095] FIG. 17 A and FIG. 17B illustrate an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the color tabs (converted to b & w) taken from an ambient light subtracted image, and an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the shade tabs taken from an ambient light subtracted image.

[0096] FIG. 17A illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the color tabs taken from an ambient light subtracted image, as explained in regard to FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C. FIG. 17B illustrates an example scatter plot with the standard deviation of measurements for the shade tabs taken from an ambient light subtracted image, as explained in regard to FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C. In all the images, the x-axis is the Spectroshade values (e.g., treated as true values) vs. the y-axis which the smartphone estimated values.

[0097] One or more of the methods for correcting for uneven illumination and / or for ambient light described herein could be harnessed by the consumer through an application. By pairing some sort of a calibration standard, such as one shown in FIG. 18 A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C, the consumer could use an application to take a picture of the standard, store the calibration information in the cloud and / or on the phone, and then correct when taking an image of an object or the consumer's teeth at a later time (See FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C).

[0098] FIG. 18 A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C illustrate an example image of an application in which the consumer uses to instantaneously take two pictures: the first with flash and the second without flash of a color card standard, and an example of the color values of the dual image of the object of interest (e.g., a purple box), and an example of tracking the consumer's whitening.

[0099] FIG. 18A illustrates an example image of an application which the consumer may use to (e.g., instantaneously) take two pictures: the first with flash and the second without flash of a color card standard. This standard could be like the one shown in FIG. 18A at 1802 (e.g., an XRite nano) and / or it could be one paired with a product on the side of the product box. The application may compute the image difference as illustrated and / or may correct for the uneven illumination. The uneven illumination can be computed using the frame of the color card and / or perhaps the background surrounding the calibration card. An algorithm may (e.g., automatically) detect and / or extract the values of the color swabs and / or may store the calibration information in the device and / or cloud to be accessed and used at a later date. FIG. 18B and FIG. 18C illustrate that the user may take the dual image of the object of interest (e.g., such as a purple box) and / or, at 1804, may obtain the color values (e.g., here sRGB values) and / or, at 1806, could track something such as the consumer's teeth whitening status / condition. The uneven illumination and / or ambient light correction may (e.g., automatically) be applied in this application.

[0100] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example technique 300 for determining a color of an object by an electronic imaging device. The electronic imaging device may be communicate with a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, at least one processor, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a memory, and / or a visual display. At 302, one or more techniques may start. At 304, one or more techniques may comprise capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source. At 306, one or more techniques may comprise accessing, by the at least one processor, at least one normalization image. At 308, one or more techniques may comprise removing, by the at least one processor, uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculatedsecond image. At 310, one or more techniques may comprise displaying, by the at least one processor, the calculated second image on the visual display, the calculated second image corresponding to an uneven illumination-corrected first image. At 312, one or more techniques may comprise determining, by the at least one processor, a color of the object based on the calculated second image. At 314, one or more techniques may stop and / or restart.

[0101] In view of the descriptions provided herein, and in view of FIG. 1 to FIG. 18 A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C, the present disclosure describes one or more devices, systems, and / or techniques performed by the one or more devices and / or systems. In one or more scenarios, a powered personal care device may comprise a handle portion. The handle portion may comprise a motor shaft, at least one processor, and / or a stem. The stem may comprise at least an optical component circuit board. The optical component circuit board may comprise at least one or two light-emitting elements. The one or two light-emitting elements may be configured to transmit excitation light to a target substrate. The optical component circuit board may comprise an optical sensor and / or a digital camera. The optical sensor and / or the digital camera may be configured to receive at least some reflected light from the target substrate.

[0102] The device may comprise a head portion. The head portion may be removably connected to the handle portion in at least two states: a decoupled state in which the head portion may be separated from the handle portion, and a coupled state in which the head portion may be connected to the handle portion. The head portion may comprise one or more adapters. At least one adapter may be an optical adapter. The optical adapter may comprise a head piece.

[0103] The head piece may comprise a cavity. The cavity may have a front side distal from the stem and a rear side proximate to the stem. The head piece may have at least one opening disposed on the rear side. The optical adapter may be configured such that at least one of: the at least one opening, or at least one detecting lens, may limit a probing area of the optical sensor on the target substrate. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a color of the target substrate based, at least in part, of the reflected light from the probing area.

[0104] In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be configured such that the at least one opening is a pinhole. In one or more scenarios, the pinhole may be configured to limit specular reflection from the at least one light-emitting element to the target substrate. In one or more scenarios, the pinhole may be configured to limit specular reflection from the at least one light- emitting element to the optical sensor via the target substrate.

[0105] In one or more scenarios, the optical component circuit board may be configured such that each of two light-emitting elements may be disposed opposite of the optical sensor. In one or more scenarios, the two light-emitting elements may be light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0106] In one or more scenarios, the head piece further may comprise at least two diverging lenses. The at least two diverging lenses may be disposed proximate to the rear side and to at least partially align with the one or two light-emitting elements. In one or more scenarios, the at least two diverging lenses may be further disposed to flank the at least one opening. In one or more scenarios, the at least two diverging lenses may be configured with at least some curvature. In one or more scenarios, the at least two diverging lenses may be configured to diverge light from the at least one or two light-emitting elements.

[0107] In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be further configured such that the at least one opening is arranged directly over the optical sensor. In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be further configured such that the target substrate is approximately 10 millimeters from the optical component circuit board.

[0108] In one or more scenarios, the target substrate may be an enamel of one or more teeth in an oral cavity of a user of the device. In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be further configured such that the excitation light is transmitted homogeneously to the probing area of the target substrate.

[0109] In one or more scenarios, the optical sensor may be disposed on the optical component circuit board in a symmetrical arrangement with the at least one or two light-emitting elements. In one or more scenarios, the optical sensor may have an active area, and each of the at least one or two light-emitting elements may be disposed 3 millimeters to 6 millimeters, for example 4.5 millimeters, from the active area.

[0110] In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be configured to control the optical component circuit board. In one or more scenarios, the handle portion may further comprise a motor and / or a battery.

[0111] In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be configured such that the at least one detecting lens is arranged directly over the optical sensor. In one or more scenarios, the at least one detecting lens may be configured with a focal length of about 1 mm to 3 mm, for example 1.88 millimeters to 1.9 millimeters.

[0112] In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be further configured such that the at least one detecting lens is disposed about 2.5 millimeters from the optical sensor, and / or the opticalcomponent circuit board. In one or more scenarios, the head piece may be further configured such that the at least one detecting lens is disposed about 7.5 millimeters from the target substrate.

[0113] In one or more scenarios, the at least one detecting lens may be configured to collect and / or amplify the reflected light from the probing area to the optical sensor.

[0114] In one or more scenarios, the head piece may further comprise a black-out box substantially surrounding the optical sensor, and / or the optical component circuit board. In one or more scenarios, the black-out box may be configured to limit the effect of ambient light on the optical sensor.

[0115] In one or more scenarios, the optical adapter may be configured to limit the effect of ambient light on the optical sensor. In one or more scenarios, the optical adapter may be a first adapter. The head portion may further comprise a cleaning adapter. In one or more scenarios, the cleaning adapter may comprise a plurality of brush bristles.

[0116] In one or more scenarios, the motor may be configured to provide at least some amount of oscillation energy via the motor shaft to the head portion in the coupled state. The oscillation energy may place the plurality of brush bristles into a condition of vibrational motion, and / or rotational motion. In one or more scenarios, the oscillation energy may place the head portion into motion relative to the handle portion. In one or more scenarios, the handle portion may be friction coupled, and / or threadedly connected, to the head portion in the coupled state.

[0117] In one or more scenarios, one or more devices / systems and / or methods / techniques may be implemented for determining a color of an object by an electronic imaging device. The electronic imaging device may be in communication with a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, at least one processor, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a memory, and / or a visual display. One or more methods may comprise capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source. One or more methods may comprise accessing, by the at least one processor, at least one normalization image. One or more methods may comprise removing, by the at least one processor, uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image. One or more methods may comprise displaying, by the at least one processor, the calculated second image on the visual display. The calculated second image may correspond to an uneven illumination-corrected first image. One or more methods may comprise determining, by the at least one processor, a color of the object based on the calculated second image.

[0118] In one or more scenarios, the at least one normalization image may have a field of view. One or more methods may comprise removing the uneven illumination on the first image over at least the field of view using the at least one normalization image to create the calculated second image. In one or more scenarios, the removing the uneven illumination on the first image may comprise dividing the first image by the at least one normalization image.

[0119] In one or more scenarios, one or more methods may comprise calculating, by the at least one processor, a polynomial correction for uneven illumination based on the at least one normalization image. In one or more scenarios, one or more methods may comprise removing the uneven illumination on the first image using the polynomial correction to create the calculated second image. In one or more scenarios, the removing the uneven illumination on the first image may comprise dividing the first image by the polynomial correction for uneven illumination. In one or more scenarios, the polynomial forms selected are of the form:where a, d, xo. yoare fit parameters, and x and y are pixel coordinates. A polynomial may be calculated for one or more, or each, respective channel.

[0120] In one or more scenarios, one or more methods may comprise performing, by the at least one processor, a color calibration of the electronic imaging device using a standardized color guide reference sample. In one or more scenarios, the performing the color calibration may comprise using a difference between an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as illuminated by the light source and an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as un-illuminated by the light source.

[0121] In one or more scenarios, the first image of the object may be captured as illuminated by the light source and ambient light as a first version of the first image. In one or more scenarios, one or more methods may comprise capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a second version of the first image of the object as illuminated by the ambient light and as un-illuminated by the light source. In one or more scenarios, one or more methods may comprise calculating, by the at least one processor, a final version of the first image by subtracting the second version of the first image from the first version of the first image. The final version of the first image may be an ambient light-corrected version of the first image.

[0122] In one or more scenarios, the object may be a target substrate that may comprise one or more teeth of an oral cavity. In one or more scenarios, the electronic imaging device may be at least one of: a smartphone, a tablet, and / or a digital camera.

[0123] In one or more scenarios, the light source may be at least one of: a built-in light source, or an external light source. In one or more scenarios, the built-in light source may be at least one of: a flash light source, or a continuous light source. In one or more scenarios, the processor may be configured to control the light source to illuminate the object in one or more modalities (e.g., flash, continuous, varying intensity, etc.).

[0124] In one or more scenarios, an electronic imaging device may be configured for determining a color of an object. The device may comprise a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, a memory, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a visual display, and / or at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to control the illumination of the object via the light source. The at least one processor may be configured to capture a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source. The at least one processor may be configured to access at least one normalization image from the memory. The at least one processor may be configured to remove uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image. The at least one processor may be configured to display the calculated second image on the visual display. The calculated second image may correspond to an uneven illumination-corrected first image. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a color of the object based on the calculated second image.

[0125] In one or more scenarios, the at least one normalization image may have a field of view. The at least one processor may be further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image over at least the field of view using the at least one normalization image to create the calculated second image. In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image by division of the first image by the at least one normalization image.

[0126] In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to calculate a polynomial correction for uneven illumination based on the at least one normalization image. In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image using the polynomial correction to create the calculated second image. In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to removethe uneven illumination on the first image by division of the first image by the polynomial correction for uneven illumination.

[0127] In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to perform a color calibration of the electronic imaging device using a standardized color guide reference sample. In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to perform the color calibration by using a difference between an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as illuminated by the light source and an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as un-illuminated by the light source.

[0128] In one or more scenarios, the at least one processor may be further configured to capture the first image of the object as illuminated by the light source and ambient light as a first version of the first image. The at least one processor may be further configured to capture a second version of the first image of the object as illuminated by the ambient light and as un-illuminated by the light source. The at least one processor may be further configured to calculate a final version of the first image by a subtraction of the second version of the first image from the first version of the first image. The final version of the first image may be an ambient light-corrected version of the first image.

[0129] In one or more scenarios, the object may be a target substrate that may comprise one or more teeth of an oral cavity. In one or more scenarios, the electronic imaging device may be at least one of: a smartphone, a tablet, a digital camera, and / or a camera / sensor embedded in a stem piece of a toothbrush with an adapter designed for such a device. In one or more scenarios, the light source may be at least one of: a built-in light source, or an external light source. In one or more scenarios, the built-in light source may be at least one of: a flash light source, or a continuous light source. In one or more scenarios, the processor may be configured to control the light source to illuminate the object in one or more modalities (e.g., flash, continuous, varying intensity, etc.).

[0130] In one or more scenarios, users can use one or more buttons on the handle portion to select one or more modes for cleaning and / or color measuring, via the processor, for example to enable / activate the motor, the optical sensor, and / or the light-emitting elements (e.g., LEDs).

[0131] In one or more scenarios, the sensor and / or the light-emitting element(s) on the optical circuit board can (e.g., autonomously) determine which adaptor may be installed on the handle portion, and / or may select the cleaning and / or color measuring modes, perhaps for example automatically and / or manually.

[0132] In one or more scenarios, at least one processor can display one or more measurement and / or cleaning results via, for example, a built-in screen, to the users. In one or more scenarios, a wireless communication component may transmit the measurement and / or cleaning results to a smartphone, tablet, and / or a computer that may have a display / graphic user interface.

[0133] While the inventions have been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the inventions, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the herein described systems and techniques. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Thus, the spirit and scope of the inventions should be construed broadly as set forth in the appended claims.

[0134] The subject matter of this disclosure, and components thereof, can be realized by instructions that upon execution cause one or more processing devices to carry out the processes and / or functions described herein. Such instructions can, for example, comprise interpreted instructions, such as script instructions, e.g., JavaScript or ECMAScript instructions, or executable code, and / or other instructions stored in a computer readable medium. C ++, C#, and / or C, Python scripts and / or Zephyr RTOS may be used.

[0135] Implementations of the subject matter and / or the functional operations described in this specification and / or the accompanying figures can be provided in digital electronic circuitry, in computer software, firmware, and / or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, and / or in combinations of one or more of them. The subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer program products, e.g., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible program carrier for execution by, and / or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.

[0136] A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and / or declarative or procedural languages. It can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, and / or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program may or might not correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs and / or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to theprogram in question, and / or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that may be located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and / or interconnected by a communication network.

[0137] The processes and / or logic flows described in this specification and / or in the accompanying figures may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and / or generating output, thereby tying the process to a particular machine (e.g., a machine programmed to perform the processes described herein). The processes and / or logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and / or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).

[0138] Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and / or data may include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and / or flash memory devices); magnetic disks (e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks); magneto optical disks; and / or CD ROM and DVD ROM disks. The processor and / or the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0139] While this specification and the accompanying figures contain many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention and / or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to described example implementations. Certain features that arc described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in perhaps one implementation. Various features that are described in the context of perhaps one implementation can also be implemented in multiple combinations separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and / or perhaps even (e.g., initially) claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination. The claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination and / or variation of a sub-combination.

[0140] While operations may be depicted in the drawings in an order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown and / or in sequential order, and / or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve useful outcomes.The described program components and / or systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product and / or packaged into multiple software products.

[0141] Examples of the subject matter described in this specification have been described. The actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve useful outcomes, unless expressly noted otherwise. For example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not require the particular order shown, and / or sequential order, to achieve useful outcomes. Multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous in one or more scenarios.

[0142] While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only certain examples have been shown and described, and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the present disclosure are desired to be protected.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A powered personal care device, comprising: at least one processor; a handle portion, comprising: a stem, the stem comprising at least an optical component circuit board, the optical component circuit board comprising at least: at least one light-emitting element; the at least one light-emitting element configured to transmit excitation light to a target substrate; and an optical sensor, the optical sensor configured to receive at least some reflected light from the target substrate; and a head portion, the head portion removably connected to the handle portion in at least two states: a decoupled state in which the head portion is separated from the handle portion, and a coupled state in which the head portion is connected to the handle portion, the head portion comprising one or more adapters, at least one adapter of the one or more adapters being an optical adapter, the optical adapter comprising: a head piece, the head piece comprising a cavity, the cavity having a front side distal from the stem and a rear side proximate to the stem, the head piece having at least one opening disposed on the rear side, the optical adapter configured such that at least one of: the at least one opening, or at least one detecting lens, limits a probing area of the optical sensor on the target substrate, the at least one processor configured to determine a color of the target substrate based at least in part on the reflected light from the probing area.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the head piece is configured such that the at least one opening is a pinhole.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical sensor is further configured to measure light intensities at one or more wavelengths, the one or more wavelengths including a first wavelength centered at a red light, a second wavelength centered at a green light, and / or a third wavelength centered at a blue light.

4. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 3, wherein the pinhole is configured to limit specular reflection from the at least one light-emitting clement to the optical sensor via the target substrate.

5. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 4, wherein the optical component circuit board is configured such that each of at least two light-emitting elements are disposed on opposite sides of the optical sensor.

6. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 5, wherein the one or two light-emitting elements are light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and the cavity front side is distal from the stem and the cavity rear side is proximate to the stem.

7. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 6, wherein the head piece further comprises at least two diverging lenses, the at least two diverging lenses disposed proximate to the rear side and to at least partially align with the at least one light-emitting element.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least two diverging lenses are further disposed to flank the at least one opening.

9. The device of any of claim 7 to claim 8, wherein the at least two diverging lenses are configured with at least some curvature.

10. The device of any of claim 7 to claim 9, wherein the at least two diverging lenses are configured to diverge light from the at least one light-emitting element.

11. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 10, wherein the head piece is further configured such that the at least one opening is arranged directly over the optical sensor.

12. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 11, wherein the head piece is further configured such that the target substrate is approximately 10 millimeters from the optical component circuit board.

13. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 12, wherein the target substrate is at least one of: an enamel of one or more teeth and / or gum tissue in an oral cavity of a user of the device.

14. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 13, wherein the head piece is further configured such that the excitation light is transmitted homogeneously to the probing area of the target substrate.

15. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 14, wherein the optical sensor is disposed on the optical component circuit board in a symmetrical arrangement with the at least one light-emitting element.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the optical sensor has an active area, and each of the at least one light-emitting element are disposed between 3 millimeters and 6 millimeters from the active area.

17. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is configured to control the optical component circuit board.

18. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 17, wherein the handle portion further comprises at least one of: a motor and / or a battery.

19. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 18, wherein the head piece is configured such that the at least one detecting lens is arranged directly over the optical sensor.

20. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 19, wherein the at least one detecting lens is configured with a focal length of about 1 millimeter to 3 millimeters.

21. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 20, wherein the head piece is further configured such that the at least one detecting lens is disposed about 2.5 millimeters from at least one of: the optical sensor, or the optical component circuit board.

22. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 21, the head piece is further configured such that the at least one detecting lens is disposed about 7.5 millimeters from the target substrate.

23. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 22, wherein the at least one detecting lens is configured to collect the reflected light from the probing area to the optical sensor.

24. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 23, wherein the head piece further comprises a blackout box substantially surrounding at least one of: the optical sensor, or the optical component circuit board.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein the black-out box is configured to limit the effect of at least one of: ambient light, or excitation light, on the optical sensor.

26. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 25, wherein the optical adapter is configured to limit the effect of ambient light on at least one of: the optical sensor, or the target substrate.

27. The device of any of claim 1 to claim 25, wherein the optical adapter is a first adapter, and the head portion further comprises a cleaning adapter.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein the cleaning adapter comprises a plurality of brush bristles.

29. The device of claim 28, wherein the motor is configured to provide at least some amount of oscillation energy via the motor shaft to the head portion in the coupled state, and the oscillation energy places the plurality of brush bristles into a condition of at least one of: vibrational motion, or rotational motion.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the oscillation energy places the head portion into motion relative to the handle portion.

31. The device of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the handle portion is at least one of: friction coupled, or threadedly connected, to the head portion in the coupled state.

32. A method for determining a color of an object by an electronic imaging device in communication with a light source, an image sensor and / or a color sensor, at least one processor, a wireless transmitter / receiver, a memory, and a visual display, the method comprising: capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source; accessing, by the at least one processor, at least one normalization image;removing, by the at least one processor, uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image; displaying, by the at least one processor, the calculated second image on the visual display, the calculated second image corresponding to an uneven illumination-corrected first image; and determining, by the at least one processor, a color of the object based on the calculated second image.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the at least one normalization image has a field of view, and the method further comprises removing the uneven illumination on the first image over at least the field of view using the at least one normalization image to create the calculated second image.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the removing the uneven illumination on the first image comprises dividing the first image by the at least one normalization image.

35. The method of claim 32, further comprising: calculating, by the at least one processor, a polynomial correction for uneven illumination based on the at least one normalization image.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the method further comprises removing the uneven illumination on the first image using the polynomial correction to create the calculated second image.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the removing the uneven illumination on the first image comprises dividing the first image by the polynomial correction for uneven illumination.

38. The method of any of claim 32 to claim 37, further comprising: performing, by the at least one processor, a color calibration of the electronic imaging device using a standardized color guide reference sample.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the performing the color calibration comprises using a difference between an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured asilluminated by the light source and an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as un-illuminatcd by the light source.

40. The method of any of claim 32 to 39, wherein the first image of the object is captured as illuminated by the light source and ambient light as a first version of the first image, the method further comprising: capturing, by the electronic imaging device, a second version of the first image of the object as illuminated by the ambient light and as un-illuminated by the light source; and calculating, by the at least one processor, a final version of the first image by subtracting the second version of the first image from the first version of the first image, the final version of the first image being an ambient light-corrected version of the first image.

41. The method of any of claim 32 to claim 40, wherein the object is a target substrate that comprises at least one of: one or more teeth, or gum tissue, of an oral cavity.

42. The method of any of claim 32 to claim 41, wherein the electronic imaging device is at least one of: a smartphone, a tablet, a digital camera, and / or or a camera sensor embedded in the stem of a powered toothbrush configured with a user replaceable adaptor.

43. The method of any of claim 32 to claim 42, wherein the light source is at least one of: a built- in light source, or an external light source.

44. The method of any of claim 32 to claim 43, wherein the built-in light source is at least one of: a flash light source, or a continuous light source.

45. An electronic imaging device for determining a color of an object, the device comprising: a light source; at least one of: an image sensor, or a color sensor; a memory; a wireless transmitter / receiver; a visual display; and at least one processor, the at least one processor configured at least to:illuminate the object via the light source; capture a first image of the object as illuminated by the light source; access at least one normalization image from the memory; remove uneven illumination on the first image using, at least in part, the at least one normalization image to create a calculated second image; display the calculated second image on the visual display, the calculated second image corresponding to an uneven illumination-corrected first image; and determine a color of the object based on the calculated second image.

46. The device of claim 45, wherein the at least one normalization image has a field of view, and the processor is further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image over at least the field of view using the at least one normalization image to create the calculated second image.

47. The device of claim 46, wherein the processor is further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image by division of the first image by the at least one normalization image.

48. The device of claim 45, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate a polynomial correction for uneven illumination based on the at least one normalization image.

49. The device of claim 48, wherein the processor is further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image using the polynomial correction to create the calculated second image.

50. The device of claim 49, wherein the processor is further configured to remove the uneven illumination on the first image by division of the first image by the polynomial correction for uneven illumination.

51. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 50, wherein the processor is further configured to perform a color calibration of the electronic imaging device using a standardized color guide reference sample.

52. The device of claim 51, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the color calibration by using a difference between an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as illuminated by the light source and an image of the standardized color guide reference sample captured as un-illuminated by the light source.

53. The device of any of claim 45 to 52, wherein the processor is further configured to: capture the first image of the object as illuminated by the light source and ambient light as a first version of the first image; capture a second version of the first image of the object as illuminated by the ambient light and as un-illuminated by the light source; and calculate a final version of the first image by a subtraction of the second version of the first image from the first version of the first image, the final version of the first image being an ambient light-corrected version of the first image.

54. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 53, wherein the object is a target substrate that comprises at least one of: one or more teeth, or gum tissue, of an oral cavity.

55. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 54, wherein the electronic imaging device is at least one of: a smartphone, a tablet, a digital camera, and / or an image sensor in a toothbrush.

56. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 55, wherein the light source is at least one of: a built- in light source, or an external light source.

57. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 56, wherein the built-in light source is at least one of: a flash light source, or a continuous light source.

58. The device of any of claim 45 to claim 57, wherein the processor is further configured to control the light source to illuminate the object.

Images