Power system

Abstract

An uncrewed surface vessel is disclosed, comprising a first power assembly and a second power assembly. Each power assembly comprises a respective fuel cell and fuel tank fluidly coupled to the fuel cell. A valving arrangement is provided, configured to fluidly couple the first power assembly to the second power assembly. Unlocking insights from geodata, the present disclosure further relates to improvements in sustainability and environmental developments: together we create a safe and liveable world.

Description

[0001] POWER SYSTEM

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] [1] The present disclosure generally relates to an improved fuel system for an uncrewed surface vessel (USV) and a method for using the fuel system. Unlocking insights from geodata, the present disclosure further relates to improvements in sustainability and environmental developments: together we create a safe and liveable world.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] [2] A variety of construction, research and development projects require operations to be performed at sea. One example of such a project is the collection of geological data, or “geodata”, during the planning of infrastructure projects. In order to reduce risk to human operators, uncrewed surface vessels (USV) have been introduced to perform tasks such as these. These vessels are typically operated from a remote control centre. The remote control centre may be provided either on-shore or on another vessel, such as a support vessel or mothership (also referred to as a “mother vessel”). USVs have no personnel onboard, thereby reducing the risk to human life when compared to the use of crewed vessels. By removing human crewmembers, USVs can also remain at sea for a longer period of time. Further, because there is no need to provide living space for crewmembers, USVs can be manufactured in a more compact way which reduces the carbon footprint of both their manufacture and operation.

[0006] [3] Existing drive and power systems for use in USVs, in other words the systems used to provide power to enable the USVs to operate, have been found to be unreliable and prone to breakdown. Because USVs are uncrewed and often operate a long distance away from the nearest human operator, a failure of the power system can result in long periods of inactivity of the USV until a repair can be administered. In the worst case scenario, where a vessel is rendered uncontrollable, such a failure may lead to loss of the vessel altogether, a collision with another vessel or structure, a fuel leak, and / or damage to marine life.

[0007] [4] It would be advantageous to provide improved power systems that address some or all of the problems described above.

[0008] OVERVIEW

[0009] [5] The present disclosure provides an improved power system for an uncrewed surface vessel, “USV” hereafter. The power system provides power to enable one or more components of the USV to operate. In some cases, the power system is part of or is connected to the drive system or powertrain of the USV. For example, the power system may power the propulsion means (e.g. propellers) of the USV. The power system of the present disclosure comprises first and second power assemblies, which are sub-components of the power system. The USV can be any suitable vessel, such as a boat, raft or dinghy that is able to operate under its own power without a human crew. In some cases, the USV may be autonomous or self-driven. Additionally or alternatively, the USV can be remotely controlled via operator command signals that can be received from a human or machine (e.g. computer) operator located at a remote control centre or station. The remote control centre (also referred to as a “remote operation centre”) can be on-shore or on another vehicle, such as on a support vessel or aircraft.

[0010] [6] In one aspect, a USV is disclosed comprising a first power assembly and a second power assembly. The first power assembly comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank fluidly coupled to the first fuel cell. The second power assembly comprises a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank fluidly coupled to the second fuel cell. Accordingly, the first fuel tank is configured to provide fuel to the first fuel cell, so as to power the first fuel cell. Similarly, the second fuel tank is configured to provide fuel to the second fuel cell, so as to power the second fuel cell. The USV also comprises a valving arrangement configured to fluidly couple a component of the first power assembly to a component of the second power assembly. Accordingly, through operation of the valving arrangement, a fuel tank of the first power assembly can be configured to provide fuel to a fuel cell of the second power assembly, or vice versa.

[0011] [7] In a related second aspect, a power system suitable for use in a USV is disclosed. The power system comprises a first power assembly comprising a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank fluidly coupled to the first fuel cell. The power system further comprises a second power assembly comprising a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank fluidly coupled to the second fuel cell. The power system also comprises a valving arrangement configured to fluidly couple a component of the first power assembly to a component of the second power assembly, with the associated function and benefits described above.

[0012] [8] In a third aspect, a method of resolving a failure in a power system of a USV is disclosed. The method comprises powering a first power assembly of the USV, wherein the first power assembly comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank and wherein powering the first power assembly thus comprises providing fuel from the first fuel tank to the first fuel cell. The method further comprises powering a second power assembly of the USV, wherein the second power assembly comprises a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank and wherein powering the second power assembly thus comprises providing fuel from the second fuel tank to the second fuel cell. The method further comprises identifying a failure of a component of the second power assembly, and operating a valving arrangement of the uncrewed surface vessel to fluidly couple a component of the first power assembly to a component of the second power assembly. [9] As will be appreciated, the disclosed systems and methods provide improved redundancy, and thus reliability, in the power system of the USV. In particular, if a component of the second power assembly (such as the second fuel tank) fails, the USV can still maintain normal operations because the first fuel tank can be connected to the second fuel cell in order to keep both fuel cells running. Thus, power can be maintained in a way that would not be possible if there was no mechanism to connect the components of the first and second power assemblies. In USV power systems of the prior art, failure of components such as fuel tanks results in the entire power assembly containing the failed fuel tank being rendered inoperable. At best, this means that the USV must operate under reduced power. At worst, failure of the power assembly may render the USV immobile, for example in cases where the remaining power assembly is insufficient to power the USV on its own. The disclosed system and methods address this problem, by providing a more reliable and effective power system for the USV which can enable continued operation even in the case of a failure in a power assembly.

[0013]

[0010] The valving arrangement may be configured to fluidly couple the first fuel tank to the second fuel cell and / or to fluidly couple the second fuel tank to the first fuel cell. Hence, the disclosed method may comprise operating the valving arrangement to fluidly couple the first fuel tank to the second fuel cell, and powering the second power assembly by providing fuel from the first fuel tank to the second fuel cell. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise operating the valving arrangement to fluidly couple the second fuel tank to the first fuel cell, and powering the first power assembly by providing fuel from the second fuel tank to the first fuel cell. This functionality ensures that the redundancy provided by the disclosed systems and methods is bilateral, in other words applies irrespective of which component fails.

[0014]

[0011] In cases where the USV is operated at least partially via signals from a remote control centre, the valving arrangement may accordingly be configured to be remotely operated. This means that the disclosed redundancy functionality can be implemented remotely. For example, the valving arrangement may be operated via command signals received from the remote control centre. This enables the remote operator or computer to remotely reconfigure the valving arrangement as needed, for example in response to a failure of one of the fuel components being identified. When such remote control is implemented, the disclosed method may comprise sending an indication of a failure to a remote control centre, responsive to identifying the failure of a component of the second power assembly. The method may comprise receiving a command signal in response from the remote control centre. The method may then comprise operating the valving arrangement responsive to the received command signal.

[0015]

[0012] At least one of the first and second fuel tanks may comprise a bi-directional refuel port such that fuel can enter the respective fuel tank during refueling via the same port through which fuel exits the fuel tank when powering a fuel cell. This simplifies the arrangement and in particular means that the same fuel tank port and fuel lines can be used to both power the fuel cell(s) and refuel the fuel tank(s). Accordingly, no additional fluid lines or refueling components are required. This simplifies manufacture, reduces weight and makes it easier to refuel multiple connected tanks at the same time because each tank can be provided with only a single port.

[0016]

[0013] The valving arrangement used to fluidly couple the components of the first power assembly to the components of the second power assembly may take any suitable form. In one example, the valving arrangement may comprise a shut-off valve provided fluidly between the first and second power assemblies. In other words, the shut-off valve may be provided along the fluid path between the first and second power assemblies, for example between the first fuel tank and the second fuel cell and / or between the second fuel tank and the first fuel cell. The shut-off valve may thereby be configured to regulate the fluid connection between the components of the first and second power assemblies, in particular the fluid connection between the fuel tanks and fuel cells. Use of a shut-off valve in this manner provides a simple mechanism through which the components of the first and second power assemblies can be fluidly coupled or isolated as needed through operation of a single valve that is provided fluidly between the assemblies. Example shut-off valves include ball valves, bi-directional valves (also known as L-valves or L-ports), in-line valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, and glove valves. It will be appreciated that more than one shut-off valve can be provided, and the shutoff valves need not all be of the same sort.

[0017]

[0014] The valving arrangement may alternatively or additionally comprise a first tri- directional valve configured to regulate the fluid connection between the components of the first and second power assemblies. A tri-directional valve is a form of valve with three ports that is configured to selectively couple three fuel lines or components, such as a fuel tank and two fuel cells. The use of tri-directional valves, also known as T-valves or T-ports, provides a mechanism which enables the connection between a given fuel tank, or group of fuel tanks, and the fuel cells to be easily regulated. Such tri-directional valves can be used in combination with or in place of a central shut-off valve as described above. Advantageously, a discrete tri- directional valve can be provided for each fuel tank. This provides greater flexibility and control over which fuel tanks are connected to which fuel cells when there is an increased number of fuel tanks, as may be the case where groups or “clusters” of fuel tanks are used. Accordingly, in an example, the valving arrangement may comprise a first tri-directional valve configured to regulate the fluid connection between the first fuel tank and the first and second fuel cells. The valving arrangement may comprise a second tri-directional valve configured to regulate the fluid connection between the second fuel tank and the first and second fuel cells.

[0018]

[0015] The first and / or second power assembly may comprise a plurality of fuel tanks, optionally wherein the plurality of fuel tanks is grouped into clusters (also known as “bunkers”) of fuel tanks and the tanks within each cluster are connected by a manifold. Grouping fuel tanks into clusters, with the tanks of each cluster being connected via a manifold (a system of connecting lines and ports), provides improved ability to isolate failures in the power system. In particular, if a fuel tank fails (e.g. leaks) then the cluster in which the fuel tank is provided can be isolated, for example via a shut-off valve on the manifold for that cluster. This leaves the remaining clusters of fuel tanks free to continue operating. Isolating the failure in this manner would be significantly more difficult if fuel tanks were not clustered, because a single tank failure may cause a leak into a line or volume shared by all of the fuel tanks. The use of clusters and manifolds avoids this issue, making the system safer and more reliable.

[0019]

[0016] The valving arrangement may be configured to independently isolate each fuel tank or, if present, cluster of fuel tanks. As already noted, enabling each fuel tank or cluster of fuel tanks to be independently isolatable means that failures can be isolated more easily. In one example, this isolation functionality may be achieved by providing an isolation valve connected to each fuel tank and / or cluster of fuel tanks and / or manifold.

[0020]

[0017] The USV may comprise a catamaran comprising a first hull and a second hull, optionally wherein the first hull comprises the first power assembly and the second hull comprises the second power assembly. The disclosed systems and methods lend themselves well to use in a catamaran, in particular where each hull of the catamaran houses a discrete power assembly. This arrangement provides improved redundancy and reliability when compared to placing all power assemblies in the same hull or location on a vessel. By splitting the power assemblies across different locations, for example different hulls, the likelihood of all power assemblies being destroyed by a single impact or damage is reduced. For example, in case of damage to one hull that causes failure of a fuel tank located therein, the disclosed system enables the fuel tank from the other undamaged hull to be connected to both fuel cells so that both power assemblies can continue to operate. In some advantageous implementations, a fuel line running between the two hulls provides the fluid connection between the components of the two power assemblies. The fuel line may run through, over, or under the deck of the catamaran between the hulls. The valving arrangement, be it a single central shut-off valve or a more numerous arrangement of valves, can be provided at a point along the fuel line between the two power assemblies.

[0021]

[0018] The fuel system may further comprise one or more pressure relief valves provided on one or more fuel tanks and / or one or more fuel lines. The provision of pressure relief valves improves the safety and reliability of the system by enabling the system to expel excess pressure to prevent said pressure from causing a failure. In some implementations, each power assembly has its own pressure relief valve and / or pressure vent line through which excess pressure can be vented. Alternatively, the power assemblies may share a single pressure relief valve and / or vent line.

[0022]

[0019] The fuel cells of the power system can be any suitable fuel cell, typically powered by an alternative fuel (i.e. not a fossil fuel). Hydrogen is a particularly appropriate fuel because it is readily available and hydrogen fuel cells produce no dangerous or environmentally damaging emissions. Accordingly, the first and second fuel cells of the power system may comprise hydrogen fuel cells and the first and second fuel tanks may comprise hydrogen fuel tanks.

[0023]

[0020] The USV of the present disclosure may further comprise data collection means configured to obtain geo-data. Such data collection means may comprise sensors and / or measuring devices configured to probe, scan or sample the environment around the USV. For example, the data collection means may be configured to scan or probe the seabed to determine the structure, composition or topography of the seabed. The collection of geo-data, or geological data, such as this is frequently a critical step in the planning of construction and infrastructure projects at sea. Uncrewed surface vessels are particularly well suited to gathering this form of data because they can more easily access remote locations at sea for extended periods of time.

[0024]

[0021] The methods disclosed herein may be performed by one or more computing devices. The computing devices may be provided locally as part of the power system and / or remotely at a remote control centre. Accordingly, one or more computing devices configured to perform any of the methods disclosed herein is provided. Further, a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to carry out any of the methods disclosed herein is provided. Further, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to carry out any of the methods disclosed herein is provided.

[0025] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026]

[0022] In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the principles briefly described above will be provided by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary implementations of the disclosure and are therefore not to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein are described and explained with additional specificity and detail by way of example to illustrate aspects of the disclosure and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027]

[0023] Figure 1 shows an example implementation of a power system according to the present disclosure;

[0028]

[0024] Figure 2 shows another example implementation of a power system according to the present disclosure;

[0029]

[0025] Figure 3 shows an example implementation of an uncrewed surface vessel according to the present disclosure;

[0030]

[0026] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the uncrewed surface vessel of Figure 3;

[0027] Figure 5 shows an example method of resolving a failure in a power system according to the present disclosure; and

[0031]

[0028] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a computing device that can be used to implement the methods of the present disclosure.

[0032] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033]

[0029] The present disclosure relates generally to a power system for an uncrewed surface vessel that provides improved reliability and resistance to component failure. In particular, multiple power assemblies are provided, each having at least one fuel tank and at least one fuel cell. In case of failure of a component in a power assembly, the power assembly can be fluidly connected to another power assembly in order to maintain functionality. For example, if a fuel tank fails then the fuel cell in that power assembly can be fluidly coupled, using a valving arrangement, to a fuel tank of a different power assembly. As a result, the power system as a whole and the USV in which the power system is provided is made more reliable.

[0034]

[0030] A “power assembly” in this context comprises a system or assembly of components configured to generate power, in particular so as to power the USV. The power assembly may comprise or form part of a powertrain and may comprise additional components such as a propulsion means (e.g. a propeller) configured to propel the USV through the water. The power assembly or powertrain may further comprise power storage means, such as one or more batteries, to store power generated by the fuel cell(s) for later use.

[0035]

[0031] A “fuel cell” in this context is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by a chemical reaction other than combustion, such as a redox reaction, between a fuel and oxygen. The most common form of fuel cell comprises a cathode, an anode and a proton exchange member provided between the cathode and anode. An example of the proton exchange member includes an electrolyte. Fuel, such as hydrogen, is provided to the anode. Oxygen is provided to the cathode. Protons are induced to cross the proton exchange member. Electron transfer through a circuit from the anode to the cathode is thereby stimulated, creating a current which can be harnessed to power the system to which the fuel cell is connected. There are a wide range of fuels which can be used to power fuel cells. Generally, such fuels are grouped under the umbrella term “alternative fuels”, meaning any fuel other than petrol or diesel. Further details of the operation of fuel cells lie beyond the scope of this disclosure. Suffice to say, a skilled reader will understand that a variety of fuel cells can be used in the systems of the present disclosure and that the disclosed valving arrangements and methods can be applied to any type of fuel cell which is fueled by a fluid provided via a fuel tank.

[0036]

[0032] Turning now to Figure 1 , an example power system 100 for a USV according to the present disclosure is shown. In this example implementation, the power system 100 comprises two power assemblies. A first power assembly is formed of a first fuel tank 102a and a first fuel cell 104a. A second power assembly is formed of a second fuel tank 102b and a second fuel cell 104b. Fuel lines 106, such as hoses or pipes, connect the components of the power assemblies and enable fuel, such as hydrogen, to flow from the fuel tanks 102a,b to the fuel cells 104a, b.

[0037]

[0033] A valving arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of fuel between the fuel tanks 102a,b and fuel cells 104a,b. In this example, the valving arrangement comprises a first tri- directional valve 108a and a second tri-directional valve 108b. Each tri-directional valve 108a,b has three ports, coupled to a respective fuel tank, fuel cell and a common flow line 107 provided between the power assemblies. Each tri-directional valve 108a, b can thereby regulate which fuel tank(s) are coupled to which fuel cell(s). In particular, the first tri-directional valve 108a is configured to regulate the fluid connection between the first fuel tank 102a and the first 104a and second 104b fuel cells. Similarly, the second tri-directional valve 108b is configured to regulate the fluid connection between the second fuel tank 102b and the first 104a and second 104b fuel cells.

[0038]

[0034] In the default state, as shown in Figure 1 , the valving arrangement is configured such that the first fuel tank 102a provides fuel only to the first fuel cell 104a while the second fuel tank 102b provides fuel only to the second fuel cell 104b. In this state, the common fuel line 107 between the two power assemblies is not in use.

[0039]

[0035] The valving arrangement is also configured, however, to enable the fuel tank of each power assembly to be connected to the fuel cell of a different power assembly. This provides improved redundancy and reliability in the power system. In particular, the valving arrangement is configured to fluidly couple the first fuel tank 102a to the second fuel cell 104b, and / or to couple the second fuel tank 102b to the first fuel cell 104a. The valving arrangement thereby provides improved redundancy and reliability in the power system 100, because fuel can still be supplied to all fuel cells in the case that a fuel tank fails.

[0040]

[0036] As an example, consider the case where the second fuel tank 102b fails. Traditionally, this would result in the second fuel cell 104b being rendered inoperative, such that the entire second power assembly would go offline. The USV would then need to run on reduced power. By contrast, in the power system 100 of the present disclosure, the second power assembly can remain operational by fluidly coupling, using the valving arrangement, the first fuel tank 102a with the second fuel cell 104b. In the example of Figure 1 , this is achieved by operating the first and second tri-directional valves 108a,b so as to enable flow of fuel from the first fuel tank 102a, via the common line 107, to the second fuel cell 104b. The first fuel tank 102a is thereby able to power both the first 104a and second 104b fuel cells.

[0041]

[0037] It will be appreciated that this procedure can also be performed in reverse in the case that the first fuel tank 102a fails. In other words, the valving arrangement can be configured to fluidly couple the second fuel tank 102b to the first fuel cell 104a to enable the first fuel cell 104a to continue running.

[0038] While the above examples focus on the case of a fuel tank failing, it will be appreciated that the disclosed systems and methods can also be used in the case that a fuel cell fails, to ensure that the fuel tank associated with the failed fuel cell can still be used. This avoids the fuel in that fuel tank being wasted. For example, if the first fuel cell 104a fails, then the first fuel tank 102a can be fluidly connected to the second fuel cell 104b. If the second fuel cell 104b fails, then the second fuel tank 102b can be fluidly connected to the first fuel cell 104a.

[0042]

[0039] It will be appreciated that the tri-directional valves 108a,b of Figure 1 are only one example of how the valving arrangement of the present disclosure can be implemented. Any suitable valving arrangement that enables the flow between the fuel tanks 102a,b and fuel cells 104a,b to be regulated in the disclosed manner can be used.

[0043]

[0040] Turning now to Figure 2, another example implementation of the disclosed power system 200 for a USV is shown. In this example, there are again two power assemblies but in this case each power assembly comprises four fuel tanks. The first power assembly comprises fuel tanks 202a-d, while the second power assembly comprises fuel tanks 202e-h. Other than in their number, the fuel tanks 202a-h are equivalent to the fuel tanks 102a, b of Figure 1. As in the example of Figure 1 , the first power assembly comprises a first fuel cell 204a and the second power assembly comprises a second fuel cell 204b. These fuel cells are similarly equivalent in function to the fuel cells 104a,b of Figure 1. Fuel lines 206, equivalent to fuel lines 106 of Figure 1 , fluidly couple the components of the power system 200. The direction of fluid flow along the fuel lines 206 is indicated by arrows. A common fuel line 207, equivalent to common fuel line 107 of Figure 1 , fluidly links the first and second power assemblies.

[0044]

[0041] As in the example of Figure 1 , a valving arrangement is provided to regulate the fluid connection between the first and second power assemblies. In this example, the valving arrangement comprises two types of valve. A first type of valve 208 comprising a simple on / off shut-off valve is provided at various locations throughout the first and second power assemblies so as to regulate fuel flow between fuel tanks 202a-h and fuel cells 204a, b. In order to aid readability, only one of the shut-off valves is numbered, however the same symbol (a valve with a T through the middle) is used to show each shut-off valve 208. One of these shutoff valves 208 is provided along common fuel line 207, such that it is provided fluidly between the first and second power assemblies and provides a simple on / off connection between the two power assemblies.

[0045]

[0042] By operating the shut-off valves 208, the fluid flow between the fuel tanks 202a-h and the fuel cells 204a, b can be precisely regulated. It will be appreciated that a greater or lower number of shut-off valves 208 can be provided than shown in Figure 2. In Figure 2, the fuel tanks 202a-h are grouped in pairs with a single shut-off valve 208 provided for each pair of tanks. This is merely exemplary, and in some cases a shut-off valve 208 can be provided for each fuel tank 202a-h. As well as enabling flow between components, shut-off valves 208 can be used to isolate components in the case of a failure. More generally, the valving arrangement can be configured to independently isolate each fuel tank 202a-h or, if present, cluster of fuel tanks.

[0046]

[0043] In this example the valving arrangement further comprises a second type of valve in the form of pressure relief valves 210. Once again, in order to aid readability, only one of the pressure relief valves 210 is numbered, however the same symbol (a valve with a dashed square) is used to show each pressure relief valve 210. Pressure relief valves 210 provide improved safety and reliability by enabling excess pressure on fuel lines 206 to be vented to atmosphere via respective first and second pressure relief lines 212a, 212b provided for each power assembly.

[0047]

[0044] One or more refuel ports can be provided to enable components of the power system 200 to be refuelled. In the example of Figure 2, a first refuel port 214a is provided to enable the fuel tanks 202a-d of the first power assembly to be refuelled. A second refuel port 214b is provided to enable the fuel tanks 202e-h of the second power assembly to be refuelled. Advantageously, in this example each fuel tank 202a-h comprises a bi-directional refuel port such that fuel can enter the fuel tank during refuelling via the same port through which fuel exits the fuel tank when powering fuel cell 204a or 204b. This means the same fuel lines 206 can be used to refuel fuel tanks 202a-h. It will be appreciated that the valving arrangement of the present disclosure means that, in some implementations, only a single refuel port 214a or 214b may be provided, and all fuel tanks (e.g. fuel tanks 202a-h) can be refuelled via this single refuel port. In that case, common line 207 enables fuel to flow from the single refuel point to the fuel tanks of both power assemblies.

[0048]

[0045] As already noted, the disclosed power system (including the example power systems 100, 200 of Figures 1 and 2) is particularly suitable for use in powering a USV. An example USV 301 is shown in Figure 3. In this example, the USV 301 has a catamaran structure comprising a first hull 303a and a second hull 303b joined by a deck 305. A cabin 307 is provided on the deck to house equipment, such as data collection sensors configured to obtain geo-data. Advantageously, in this example the first hull 303a houses a first power assembly and the second hull 303b houses a second power assembly, which may take the forms of the first and second power assemblies of Figures 1 and 2. Spreading the power assemblies between hulls in this manner reduces the likelihood of an impact to a hull rendering both power assemblies inoperable. Fuel tank compartments 309 are provided to house fuel tanks (such as fuel tanks 102a, b or 202a-h of Figures 1 and 2), whilst fuel cell compartments 311 are provided to host fuel cells (such as fuel cells 104a,b or 204a, b of Figures 1 and 2). The fuel tanks and fuel cells held in compartments 309 and 311 can be divided into separate power assemblies and can be coupled via a valving arrangement as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2.

[0049]

[0046] Turning to Figure 4, the USV 301 of Figure 3 is shown in cross-section. Fuel tanks 402, equivalent to the fuel tanks 102a, b and 102a-h of Figures 1 and 2, are now visible housed within fuel tank compartments 309. Fuel cells 404, equivalent to the fuel cells 104a,b and 204a, b of Figures 1 and 2, are now visible in fuel cell compartments 311.

[0050]

[0047] In this example, the fuel tanks 402 are grouped into sets of two or three fuel tanks, which may be referred to as fuel tank “clusters” (or “bunkers”) in the art. One such group or “cluster” is indicated with reference 403. Advantageously, the fuel tanks in each group of fuel tanks are fluidly connected by a manifold. A “manifold” in this context comprises a series of tubes, pipes and ports configured to connect multiple fuel tanks. Once connected, fuel from the multiple fuel tanks may then be delivered via a single output line or port of the manifold. The use of manifolds thus simplifies the number of fuel lines required in the power system. Manifolds also enable fuel tanks or groups of fuel tanks to be isolated more easily. For example, if a fuel tank fails then the manifold attached to that fuel tank can be shut off to prevent the failure affecting the rest of the fuel system. This improves safety and reliability without the need to provide an isolation valve on every fuel tank.

[0051]

[0048] Turning finally to Figure 5, a method of resolving a failure in a power system of the sort disclosed herein is provided.

[0052]

[0049] The method begins, at step S500, by powering a first power assembly of the power system. As described above, the first power assembly comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank and powering the first power assembly therefore comprises providing fuel from the first fuel tank to the first fuel cell.

[0053]

[0050] At step S502, the method comprises powering a second power assembly of the power system. As in the case of the first power assembly, the second power assembly comprises a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank and powering the second power assembly therefore comprises providing fuel from the second fuel tank to the second fuel cell. It will be appreciated that step S502 may occur before or simultaneously with step S500.

[0054]

[0051] At step S504, the method comprises identifying a failure of a component of the second power assembly. In one example, the failure may be a failure of the second fuel tank, for example a leak of the second fuel tank, or a failure of a component associated with the second fuel tank such as a fuel line between the second fuel tank and the second fuel cell. The failure may mean that fuel is being provided at a reduced rate from the second fuel tank to the second fuel cell and / or that the second fuel tank can no longer be safely or reliably operated to power the second fuel cell. The second fuel tank may in some such instances be isolated (e.g. via a manifold or shut off valve) so as to isolate the failure. In other examples, the failure identified at step S504 may be a failure of the second fuel cell, such as the fuel cell being rendered inoperative.

[0055]

[0052] The remainder of the method of Figure 5 relates to resolving the failure identified at step S504 through operation of a valving arrangement of the fuel system, as described in detail in relation to Figures 1 and 2 above.

[0053] Steps S506 and S508 comprise optional steps that may take place at this stage of the method in the example where control of the valving arrangement is performed responsive to communication with a remote control centre. At step S506, the method comprises, responsive to identifying the failure of the component of the second power assembly, sending an indication of the failure to a remote control centre. As noted above, the remote control centre may be provided on-shore or on another vehicle or vessel. At step S508, a command signal may be received in response from the remote control centre, the command signal configured to cause the valving arrangement of the fuel system to reconfigure the fluid connection between the first and second power assemblies. The command signal may be received from a human operator at the remote control centre or from a computer system configured to respond to failure indication signals.

[0056]

[0054] Responsive to the command signal, the method comprises operating, at step S510, the valving arrangement of the power system to remedy the failure previously identified at step S504. Specifically, the method comprises operating the valving arrangement to fluidly couple (one or more components of) the first power assembly to (one or more components of) the second power assembly.

[0057]

[0055] In an example, in the case that the second fuel tank (or a fuel line associated therewith) has failed, the method may comprise fluidly coupling the first fuel tank to the second fuel cell, such that the second power assembly can continue to operate. The disclosed method thus provides improved reliability by ensuring that both the first and second power assembly can continue to operate even in the case of a fuel tank failure in the second power assembly.

[0058]

[0056] Alternatively, in the case that the second fuel cell (or a fuel line associated therewith) has failed, the method may comprise fluidly coupling the second fuel tank to the first fuel cell, such that the fuel stored in the second fuel tank is not wasted and can instead be used to power the first fuel cell. In this case, the method improves efficiency and avoids fuel wastage.

[0059]

[0057] It will be appreciated that the method can be performed in reverse, where the coupling of a component of the first power assembly to a component of the second power assembly is performed in order to address a failure in the first power assembly.

[0060]

[0058] In the above example, step S510 occurs in response to the command signal received at step S508. However, it will be appreciated that in examples where the valving arrangement is not remotely operated, step S510 may follow immediately after step S504.

[0061]

[0059] The method of Figure 5, as well as all other methods disclosed herein, may in some implementations be performed autonomously, such as by one or more computing devices. The computing devices may be provided locally as part of the power system, may be provided remotely, or a combination of local and remote computing devices may work together to perform the disclosed methods. Figure 6 shows an example computing device 600 suitable for carrying out part or all of the methods described above.

[0060] Figure 6 shows a block diagram of one implementation of a processing system 600 in the form of a computing device within which a set of instructions for causing the computing device to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. In alternative implementations, the computing device may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a Local Area Network (LAN), an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The computing device may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a client-server network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The computing device may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, a server, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single computing device is illustrated, the term “computing device” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines (e.g., computers) that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

[0062]

[0061] The example processing system 600 includes a processor 602, a main memory 604 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) or Rambus DRAM (RDRAM), etc.), a static memory 606 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), etc.), and a secondary memory (e.g., a data storage device 618), which communicate with each other via a bus 630.

[0063]

[0062] Processor 602 represents one or more general-purpose processors such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processor 602 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, processor implementing other instruction sets, or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. Processor 602 may also be one or more special-purpose processors such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, or the like. Processor 602 is configured to execute the processing logic (instructions 622) for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.

[0064]

[0063] The processing system 600 may further include a network interface device 608. The processing system 600 also may include a video display unit 610 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard or touchscreen), a cursor control device 614 (e.g., a mouse or touchscreen), and an audio device 616 (e.g., a speaker).

[0065]

[0064] It will be apparent that some features of the processing system 600 shown in Figure 6 may be absent. For example, the processing system 600 may have no need for display device 610 (or any associated adapters). This may be the case, for example, for particular server-side computer apparatuses which are used only for their processing capabilities and do not need to display information to users. Similarly, user input device 612 may not be required. In its simplest form, processing system 600 comprises processor 602 and main memory 604.

[0066]

[0065] The data storage device 618 may include one or more machine-readable storage media (or more specifically one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media) 628 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions 622 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 622 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604 and / or within the processor 602 during execution thereof by the processing system 600, the main memory 604 and the processor 602 also constituting computer-readable storage media 628.

[0067]

[0066] The various methods described above may be implemented by a computer program. The computer program may include computer code arranged to instruct one or more computing devices to perform the functions of one or more of the various methods described above. The computer program and / or the code for performing such methods may be provided to an apparatus, such as a computer, on one or more computer readable media or, more generally, a computer program product. The computer readable media may be transitory or non- transitory. The one or more computer readable media could be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, or a propagation medium for data transmission, for example for downloading the code over the Internet. Alternatively, the one or more computer readable media could take the form of one or more physical computer readable media such as semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disc, and an optical disk, such as a CD-ROM, CD-R / W or DVD.

[0068]

[0067] The computer program is executable by the processor 602 to perform functions of the systems and methods described herein.

[0069]

[0068] In an implementation, the modules, components, and other features described herein can be implemented as discrete components or integrated in the functionality of hardware components such as ASICS, FPGAs, DSPs, or similar devices.

[0070]

[0069] A “hardware component” is a tangible (e.g., non-transitory) physical component (e.g., a set of one or more processors) capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. A hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be or include a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations.

[0071]

[0070] Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity that may be physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein.

[0072]

[0071] In addition, the modules and components can be implemented as firmware or functional circuitry within hardware devices. Further, the modules and components can be implemented in any combination of hardware devices and software components, or only in software (e.g., code stored or otherwise embodied in a machine-readable medium or in a transmission medium).

[0073]

[0072] The preceding detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure and its uses. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, overview, or the detailed description.

[0074]

[0073] While the above examples have focussed on fuel systems having two power assemblies, it will be appreciated that this is for simplicity only and that the fuel system may have any number of power assemblies connected by one or more valving arrangements as described herein. The number of fuel tanks, fuel cells, fuel lines and valves is also merely exemplary. In general terms, there may be two or more power assemblies, and each power assembly may comprise one or more fuel tank(s) and one or more fuel cell(s). The types of valves described in the above implementations are purely exemplary, and it will be appreciated by a skilled reader that any suitable number and combination of valves can be used to implement the disclosed functionality.

[0075]

[0074] Further, while the above description focusses on power systems involving fuel cells, in an alternative aspect the power assemblies of the present disclosure may comprise an alternative fuel combustion engine in place of the fuel cell. Alternative fuel combustion engines are combustion engines that run by generating combustion using an alternative fuel. An “alternative fuel” in this context comprises any fuel that is not derived from fossil fuels, in other words not petrol or diesel. Common alternative fuels include alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, and butanol, as well as vegetable and waste-derived oils and other similar biofuels. The disclosed systems and methods can all be implemented in the context of such an alternative fuel combustion engine, where first and second alternative fuel combustion engines take the place of the first and second fuel cells.

[0076]

[0075] The term “apparatus” as used herein may refer to either a single apparatus or plural apparatus and should not be understood as being particularly limited to either a single discrete apparatus or a plurality of discrete apparatus unless a particular apparatus is further described as such.

[0077]

[0076] Those skilled in the art will recognise that a wide variety of modifications, alterations, and combinations can be made with respect to the above described examples without departing from the scope of the disclosed concepts, and that such modifications, alterations, and combinations are to be viewed as being within the ambit of the disclosed concepts.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will also recognise that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the examples described herein but is instead defined by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An uncrewed surface vessel comprising: a first power assembly, comprising: a first fuel cell; and a first fuel tank fluidly coupled to the first fuel cell; a second power assembly, comprising: a second fuel cell; and a second fuel tank fluidly coupled to the second fuel cell; and a valving arrangement configured to fluidly couple the first power assembly to the second power assembly.

2. The uncrewed surface vessel of claim 1, wherein the valving arrangement is configured to fluidly couple the first fuel tank to the second fuel cell and / or fluidly couple the second fuel tank to the first fuel cell.

3. The uncrewed surface vessel of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first and second fuel tanks comprises a bi-directional refuel port such that fuel can enter the fuel tank during refuelling via the same port through which fuel exits the fuel tank when powering a fuel cell.

4. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the valving arrangement comprises: a shut-off valve provided fluidly between the first and second power assemblies, the shut-off valve being configured to regulate the fluid connection between the first and second power assemblies; and / or one or more tri-directional valves configured to regulate the fluid connection between the first and second power assemblies.

5. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the valving arrangement is configured to be remotely operated.

6. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the first and / or second power assembly comprises a plurality of fuel tanks, optionally wherein the plurality of fuel tanks is grouped into clusters of fuel tanks and the tanks within each cluster are connected by a manifold.

7. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the valving arrangement is configured to independently isolate each fuel tank or, if present, cluster of fuel tanks.

8. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the uncrewed surface vessel comprises a catamaran comprising a first hull and a second hull, optionally wherein the first hull comprises the first power assembly and the second hull comprises the second power assembly.

9. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, further comprising one or more pressure relief valves provided on one or more fuel tanks and / or one or more fuel lines.

10. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, wherein the first and second fuel cells comprise hydrogen fuel cells and the first and second fuel tanks comprise hydrogen fuel tanks.

11. The uncrewed surface vessel of any preceding claim, further comprising data collection means configured to obtain geo-data.

12. A method of resolving a failure in a power system of an uncrewed surface vessel, the method comprising: powering a first power assembly of the uncrewed surface vessel, wherein the first power assembly comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank and wherein powering the first power assembly comprises providing fuel from the first fuel tank to the first fuel cell; powering a second power assembly of the uncrewed surface vessel, wherein the second power assembly comprises a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank and wherein powering the second power assembly comprises providing fuel from the second fuel tank to the second fuel cell; identifying a failure of a component of the second power assembly; and operating a valving arrangement of the uncrewed surface vessel to fluidly couple the first power assembly to the second power assembly.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: responsive to identifying the failure of the component of the second power assembly, sending an indication of the failure to a remote control centre; and receiving a command signal in response from the remote control centre, wherein the step of operating the valving arrangement is performed responsive to the received command signal.

14. One or more computing devices configured to perform the method of claim 12 or 13; or a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to carry out the method of claim 12 or 13; or a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to carry out the method of claim 12 or 13.

15. A power system for use in an uncrewed surface vessel, the power system comprising: a first power assembly comprising a first fuel cell and a first fuel tank fluidly coupled to the first fuel cell; a second power assembly comprising a second fuel cell and a second fuel tank fluidly coupled to the second fuel cell; and a valving arrangement configured to fluidly couple the first power assembly to the second power assembly.

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