Method and apparatus for non-3 gpp sensing

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a first device performs wireless communication and an apparatus supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: performing sensing on the basis of at least one sensor; obtaining information related to a second device on the basis of the sensing; and determining a transmission parameter for the second device on the basis of the information related to the second device, the information being obtained on the basis of the at least one sensor.

Description

Method and device for non-3GPP sensing

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method for a first device to perform wireless communication is provided. The method may include: performing sensing based on at least one sensor; obtaining information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determining transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device obtained based on the at least one sensor.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine a transmission parameter for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is provided. The instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a support scenario for a sensing service in ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates an operation of transmitting non-3GPP sensing data according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates non-3GPP based sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a non-3GPP sensing-based operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a non-3GPP sensing-based operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0030] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0031] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0032] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0033] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0034] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0035] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0036] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0037] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being preset to a device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0038] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0039] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0040] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0043] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0044] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0045] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0046] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0047] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0049] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device) through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0050] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0051] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0052] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0053] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0054] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0055] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0058] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0059] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) is an example.

[0060] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0061] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0062] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0065] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0066] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0067] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0069] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0070] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0071] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0072] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0073] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0074] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0075] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0076] - Optical wireless technology

[0077] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0078] - Quantum communication

[0079] - Cell-free communication

[0080] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0081] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0082] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0083] - Big data analysis

[0084] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0085] - metaverse

[0086] - Block chain

[0087] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0088] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0089] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0090] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)

[0091] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0092] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0094] Below, the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) mentioned above is described in detail.

[0095] Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide services for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (e.g., sensing operation) may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks to wireless communication and sensing networks. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0096] The present disclosure may be applied to operations for positioning and / or operations for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC).

[0097] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0098] For example, “PRS” or “SL PRS” below can be interpreted / applied as “sensing signal” or “sensing RS (reference signal)”.

[0099] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0100] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

[0101] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF.

[0102] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0103] - SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

[0104] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

[0105] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0106] - SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0107] - T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0108] - S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0109] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0110] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0111] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0112] - SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0113] - CCH: Control Channel

[0114] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

[0115] - Sensing RS (reference signal): Reference signal used for measurement for sensing purposes

[0116] - BS-BS sensing: Sensing in which BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, this may mean a BS-BS bi-static sensing operation. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, this may mean a BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, this may mean a BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0117] - BS-UE sensing: Sensing in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, this may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0118] - UE-BS sensing: Sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, this may refer to a UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0119] - UE-UE sensing: Sensing in which UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, this may mean a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, this may mean a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, this may mean a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0120] - SMF: Sensing Management Function

[0121] - TSA: Target Sensing Area

[0122] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

[0123] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0124] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

[0125] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0126] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0127] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0128] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0129] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

[0130] - SL PRS resource ID

[0131] - SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

[0132] - SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0133] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

[0134] - SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

[0135] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

[0136] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0137] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0138] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0139] - SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0140] - SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0141] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0142] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0143] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

[0144] Meanwhile, for example, when a terminal has logical channel data and / or MAC CE and / or control message (e.g., PC5-S message or PC5 RRC message) to transmit, the terminal may perform the LCP procedure according to the LCP (Logical Channel Prioritization) priority order as follows:

[0145] For example, when a terminal has multiple messages or data to transmit (e.g., MAC CEs or communication data or (PC5) RRC messages), the terminal can first generate a MAC PDU for a message with a higher priority based on priority. For example, when the terminal has MAC CEs and data to transmit, if the destinations of the MAC CEs and the data are different, the terminal can first multiplex a message with a higher priority (e.g., MAC CE) into the MAC PDU to generate a MAC PDU. In addition, for example, when the destinations of messages are the same, the terminal can perform a multiplexing operation for generating a MAC PDU by preferentially selecting a message with a higher priority.

[0146] Meanwhile, in conventional communications (e.g., NR Uu or NR sidelink), the sensing procedure of a device (e.g., a terminal or a base station) was not considered a service. However, since the main purpose of the ISAC service is to quickly detect and distinguish a target object through sensing, it is necessary to classify the sensing procedure (or operation) as a service that must satisfy one QoS requirement (e.g., sensing latency: the time it takes for a terminal that triggers sensing to trigger the sensing procedure and for a receiving terminal to receive the sensing result of the target object, or sensing accuracy, etc.). For example, in ISAC, the sensing behavior of a device (e.g., a terminal or a base station or a sensing management function (SMF)) can be considered a service that must satisfy the ISAC sensing QoS requirement, and the terminal can perform a sensing operation (e.g., transmitting a sensing reference signal and / or receiving a sensing reference signal) based on the sensing QoS.

[0147] For example, sensing in ISAC can be considered as a higher layer service that must satisfy sensing QoS (or sensing quality) based on sensing results, and a new QoS (e.g., Sensing QoS Flow ID (SQFI)) for the ISAC sensing service can be defined as follows.

[0148] - SQFI (Sensing QoS Flow ID)

[0149] - SQFI 1 ~ 8: For example, they can be distinguished according to the level of sensing QoS requirements. For example, sensing QoS requirements can include sensing accuracy, sensing latency (e.g., latency boundary from sensing triggering to receiving sensing results), or sensing priority (e.g., priority that can be used to determine which sensing service is triggered first based on priority when multiple sensing procedures are required). For example, a sensing service with a smaller (or higher) SQFI value can be defined as having a tighter QoS requirement (e.g., a sensing service requiring high sensing accuracy, or a sensing service requiring low / lower / lowest sensing latency).

[0150] Additionally, ISAC defines terminal and TRP (or base station) operations to support sensing services such as detection, localization, and tracking.

[0151] For example, the sensing QoS for ISAC services (detection, localization, tracking, etc.) could be as follows:

[0152] - Detection QoS: detection probability, false alarm probability

[0153] - Localization QoS: localization of the static objects, QoS parameters of localization (e.g., time delay, angle of arrival)

[0154] - Tracking QoS: Tracking the status changes of moving targets (e.g., vehicles or drones) (range, angle, velocity, etc.)

[0155] FIG. 9 illustrates a support scenario for sensing services in an ISAC, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0156] Referring to Fig. 9, the six main sensing modes are as follows. Specifically, Fig. 9 (a) shows gNB mono-static. In this case, the same gNB can perform both Tx and Rx roles. Fig. 9 (b) shows gNB bi-static. In this case, one gNB can perform the Tx role and the other gNB can perform the Rx role. Fig. 9 (c) shows gNB-to-UE bi-static. In this case, the gNB can perform the Tx role and the UE can perform the Rx role. Fig. 9 (d) shows UE-to-gNB bi-static. In this case, the UE can perform the Tx role and the gNB can perform the Rx role. Fig. 9 (e) shows UE mono-static. In this case, the same UE can perform both Tx and Rx roles. Figure 9 (f) shows a UE bi-static. In this case, one UE can perform the Tx role and another UE can perform the Rx role.

[0157] Meanwhile, utilizing only conventional 3GPP sensing can lead to the following problems. For example, it may be difficult to precisely determine the terminal's exact location, direction, distance, channel environment information, etc. using only reference signals or sensing signals. Furthermore, for example, a lack of spatial information regarding objects around the terminal, the surrounding environment (e.g., a shielded environment), or the terminal's movement can lead to problems such as unnecessary transmission failures, excessive repetitive transmissions, and power waste. Furthermore, for example, in the case of existing 3GPP systems based on base station control, it may be difficult for the UE to independently optimize transmission conditions, making it difficult to dynamically or flexibly respond to changes in the communication or sensing environment. Specifically, since reference signal-based 3GPP sensing relies on transmitting and receiving wireless signals, its accuracy may deteriorate in complex environments. In this case, for example, it may be difficult to estimate the precise location and direction, which may increase the likelihood of failure in optimizing transmission parameters such as beam direction settings. Alternatively, for example, reference signal-based 3GPP sensing alone may not be able to provide visual / spatial information, which may limit its ability to provide sensing services that require precise spatial information.

[0158] In this disclosure, a method for transmitting non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) sensor data and a device supporting the same are proposed.

[0159] Hereinafter, the “sensing data” specified in the present disclosure may include both “3GPP sensing data” and “non-3GPP sensing data.”

[0160] For example, a user using a sensing service in 3GPP ISAC can use not only 3GPP sensing data but also non-3GPP sensing data as sensing data (e.g., measurement results of sensing or results collected by measuring sensing signals). Or, for example, sensing data can be generated by combining 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data. In the present disclosure, a procedure for processing (e.g., transmitting, receiving, exposing non-3GPP sensing data, triggering transmission of non-3GPP sensing data, etc.) non-3GPP sensing data of a device using a sensing service (e.g., a device using sensing data, or a device receiving and measuring a sensing reference signal, or a sensing transmitter, or a sensing receiver, or a base station / TRP / core network entity / third party entity receiving sensing data transmitted by a sensing receiver / sensing transmitter, etc.) is proposed as follows.

[0161] Meanwhile, for example, 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data can be defined as follows.

[0162] - 3GPP sensing data: Data that can be extracted from 3GPP radio signals that are affected (e.g., reflected, refraction, diffracted, etc.) by objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes, and optionally processed within a 5G system.

[0163] - Non-3GPP sensing data: Data provided by non-3GPP sensors (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) about objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes.

[0164] Meanwhile, for example, a scenario utilizing non-3GPP sensing data of a sensing service user may be as follows.

[0165] For example, a UE may have access to one or more sensors. For example, in this use case, the UE may have access to four sensors: NR-based sensing, 3D LiDAR, an RGB camera, and a smartphone camera. For example, the physical configuration of the sensors may be known (e.g., the distance between the cameras is 10 cm). For example, the NR-based sensing capabilities of the UE and the base station (BS) connected to the UE may be used by the UE to capture information about the surrounding environment. For example, a mobile network (MN) may support the collection of non-3GPP sensing data. In the present disclosure, such support may be referred to as a "non-3GPP sensing data consuming service."

[0166] For example, a service flow may be as follows. For example, a user U may activate a mechanism that enables the collection of non-3GPP sensing data that can be collected from U's UE. For example, user U may provide this non-3GPP sensing data via 5GS. For example, this process may be similar to activating a location tracking service. For example, an MN may collect sensing data provided by U's UE for a certain period of time. For example, the MN may also collect 3GPP sensing data. For example, 3GPP-RF sensing data may be processed only in 5GS to derive sensing results. For example, sensing results and non-3GPP sensing data may be combined to produce an integrated sensing result. For example, user U may deactivate a mechanism that provides non-3GPP sensing data to 5GS.

[0167] FIG. 10 illustrates an operation of transmitting non-3GPP sensing data according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0168] For example, as in the embodiment of FIG. 10 and the embodiment of the service flow described above, a sensing service user can transmit non-3GPP sensing data to a RAN or core network, and the non-3GPP sensing data can be transmitted to and stored in a RAN device, a core network entity, or a third-party entity device.

[0169] Figure 11 illustrates non-3GPP-based sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 11, an application layer of a device that collects non-3GPP sensing data and transmits it to a base station / core network / third party entity can transmit the non-3GPP sensing data to layer 2 (e.g., MAC layer) / layer 1 (e.g., PHY layer), and the non-3GPP sensing data can be transmitted to the base station / core network / third party entity via an air interface.

[0171] In this disclosure, the operation of upper layers (e.g., a layer of operations related to SA2, or a V2X layer, or a UAV layer, or an application layer just above the AS (access stratum) layer) and AS layers (e.g., a MAC layer) are proposed to enable efficient transmission of non-3GPP sensing data to base stations / core networks / third party entities.

[0172] Meanwhile, non-3GPP sensing data can generally be larger in volume than 3GPP sensing data. Furthermore, for example, to transmit large amounts of data, it may generally be preferable to use high-frequency band resources for the following reasons.

[0173] - Transmission speed: Higher frequency bands can transmit data faster (because higher frequency bands can transmit more data per unit time).

[0174] - Bandwidth: High-frequency bands generally provide a wide bandwidth, which can be advantageous for transmitting a lot of data simultaneously or transmitting data quickly.

[0175] - Signal Interference: High-frequency bands tend to experience less signal interference than low-frequency bands. Therefore, signal accuracy and stability can be guaranteed during data transmission.

[0176] Conversely, for example, resources in low-frequency bands typically have lower transmission rates and narrow bandwidths. However, for example, low-frequency bands can be more efficient in areas such as long-distance communication and obstacle penetration.

[0177] Therefore, when it is desired to transmit large amounts of data quickly, it may generally be preferable to use high-frequency bandwidth resources.

[0178] Proposal 1. Operation of using high-frequency band resources based on TX profile for transmission of non-3GPP sensing data when using multiple frequency band resources.

[0179] Proposal 1-1. Operation in a scenario where a UE or device (e.g., a vehicle, UAV) transmits non-3GPP sensing data to a base station / core network / third-party entity.

[0180] For example, when a non-3GPP data transmission is triggered in a device, an upper layer (e.g., a layer of an operation related to SA2, or a V2X layer, or a UAV layer, or an application layer directly above an access stratum (AS) layer) can forward the upper layer data (e.g., non-3GPP sensing data) to an AS layer (e.g., a MAC layer). At this time, for example, the upper layer can forward a TX profile (e.g., a non-3GPP sensing data indication) to the AS layer that can distinguish whether the transmitted upper layer data is non-3GPP sensing data, so that the AS layer can distinguish whether the data received from the upper layer is non-3GPP sensing data or 3GPP data or 3GPP sensing data. For example, the TX profile forwarded from the upper layer to the AS layer can include an identifier that can distinguish non-3GPP sensing data. In addition, for example, when the upper layer transmits non-3GPP sensing data from the AS layer, the upper layer may also transmit a TX profile, a QoS profile (e.g., QoS requirement information related to non-3GPP sensing data, etc.), or information about a frequency band that can be used for transmitting the non-3GPP sensing data. For example, when the AS layer receives upper layer data, a TX profile, a QoS profile (e.g., QoS requirement information related to non-3GPP sensing data, etc.), or information about a frequency band from the upper layer, the AS layer may verify the TX profile and confirm that the upper layer data is non-3GPP sensing data, and may perform transmission of the non-3GPP sensing data using resources of the (candidate) frequency band transmitted by the upper layer.For example, if a device is performing a communication (e.g., 3GPP data communication) using a low frequency band bandwidth part (BWP) resource, it can perform non-3GPP sensing data transmission using the high frequency wide bandwidth part (BWP) resource by switching to a high frequency band indicated by a higher layer or switching to a high frequency band bandwidth part. For example, in general, the frequency band or BWP (bandwidth) configuration may be set by the base station to the terminal and the terminal may use it, rather than the terminal determining it by itself. For example, when a device receives non-3GPP sensing data from a higher layer, it can request the base station to set a high frequency band or request switching from a low frequency band to a high frequency band, and when the base station receives the frequency band request from the device, it can (re)configure the frequency band through an RRC message or a physical channel signal. For example, a frequency band change request message that a device transmits to a base station may include a preferred frequency band (e.g., frequency band information received from a higher layer), an LCID of data to be transmitted using the changed frequency band resource (e.g., an LCID that can identify non-3GPP sensing data), and / or QoS requirement information related to the data, traffic pattern information related to the data, etc. Or, for example, when a device performs an operation using multiple frequency bands, the base station may set multiple frequency bands to the device in advance through an RRC message.For example, when a device receives non-3GPP sensing data from a higher layer, the device may select one of multiple frequency band resources configured by the base station and transmit the non-3GPP sensing data using the selected frequency band resource. For example, when the device selects one of multiple frequency band resources, the device may report information about the selected frequency band to the base station.

[0181] Alternatively, for example, in a UE-UE bistatic sensing scenario, the MAC layer of the UE can select candidate transmission resources in a frequency band for non-3GPP data transmission received from an upper layer and forward the selection to the PHY layer, and the PHY layer can perform sensing to determine whether transmission resources are busy or idle based on the transmission resources received from the MAC layer, and select a set of candidate resources from among the idle transmission resources and forward the selection to the MAC layer. For example, the MAC layer can finally select transmission resources for transmitting non-3GPP sensing data from among the set of candidate resources received from the PHY layer.

[0182] Alternatively, for example, rather than distinguishing whether data received by the AS layer from the upper layer is 3GPP (sensing) data or non-3GPP sensing data based on TX profile information, the AS layer may distinguish based on QoS profile. For example, a "non-3GPP sensing data" specific QoS profile may be defined. For example, the "non-3GPP sensing data" specific QoS profile may be a separate, independent QoS profile for non-3GPP sensing data only, and information that can distinguish that it is a "non-3GPP sensing data" specific QoS profile (e.g., a QoS flow identifier) ​​may be included in the QoS profile. For example, if the AS layer receives a QoS profile dedicated to non-3GPP sensing data from an upper layer, the AS layer can distinguish whether the upper layer data is 3GPP (sensing) data or non-3GPP sensing data.

[0183] Proposal 1-2. Operation in a scenario where a base station / TRP transmits non-3GPP sensing data to a UE / device (e.g., a vehicle or UAV).

[0184] For example, the base station can request non-3GPP sensing data from a core network entity / third party entity (e.g., an entity storing non-3GPP sensing data) upon a request from a UE / device (e.g., a vehicle, a UAV) (e.g., a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE (see Proposal 3 below)), and can forward the non-3GPP sensing data received from the core network entity / third party entity to the UE. In this case, for example, when the base station receives a request for non-3GPP sensing data from the UE, or receives a request for non-3GPP sensing data from the UE and requests the core network entity / third party entity to transmit the non-3GPP sensing data, and receives the non-3GPP sensing data from the core network entity / third party entity (e.g., when non-3GPP sensing data transmission is triggered at the base station), the base station can perform the following actions:

[0185] For example, if a downlink transmission operation was performed in a low frequency band during multiple frequency band operation, a downlink transmission resource may be newly selected in a high frequency band to transmit non-3GPP sensing data to the UE. For example, the base station may inform the UE that the downlink resource has been changed from the low frequency band to the high frequency band through a physical channel signal (e.g., PDCCH or DCI). For example, information about the changed frequency band may be transmitted to the UE. Alternatively, for example, if a downlink transmission operation was performed in a DL (downlink) BWP of a low frequency band during multiple frequency band operation, a downlink transmission resource may be newly selected in a DL BWP of a high frequency band to transmit non-3GPP sensing data to the UE. For example, the base station may inform the UE that the DL resource has been changed from a DL BWP of a low frequency band to a DL BWP of a high frequency band through a physical channel signal (e.g., PDCCH or DCI). For example, DL BWP information of a changed frequency band can be transmitted to the UE.

[0186] Proposal 2. Wide bandwidth resource usage operation based on TX profile for non-3GPP sensing data transmission when using single frequency band resources.

[0187] Proposal 2-1. Operation in a scenario where a UE / device (e.g., a vehicle, UAV) transmits non-3GPP sensing data to a base station / core network / third-party entity.

[0188] For example, when a non-3GPP data transmission is triggered in a device, a higher layer (e.g., a layer of an operation related to SA2, or a V2X layer, or a UAV layer, or an application layer immediately above an access stratum (AS) layer) may forward the higher layer data (e.g., non-3GPP sensing data) to an AS layer (e.g., a MAC layer). At this time, for example, the higher layer may forward a TX profile (e.g., a non-3GPP sensing data indication) to the AS layer that can distinguish whether the transmitted higher layer data is non-3GPP sensing data, so that the AS layer can distinguish whether the data received from the higher layer is non-3GPP sensing data, 3GPP data, or 3GPP sensing data. For example, the TX profile forwarded from the higher layer to the AS layer may include an identifier that can distinguish non-3GPP sensing data. In addition, for example, when the upper layer transmits non-3GPP sensing data from the AS layer, the upper layer may also transmit information about a TX profile, a QoS profile (e.g., QoS requirement information related to non-3GPP sensing data), or a candidate BWP (bandwidth part) that can be used for transmitting the non-3GPP sensing data. For example, when the AS layer receives upper layer data, a TX profile, a QoS profile (e.g., QoS requirement information related to non-3GPP sensing data), and candidate BWP information from the upper layer, the AS layer may verify the TX profile and confirm that the upper layer data is non-3GPP sensing data, and may perform transmission of the non-3GPP sensing data using the resources of the (candidate) BWP transmitted from the upper layer.For example, if a device is performing a communication (e.g., 3GPP data communication) using narrow bandwidth part (BWP) resources for transmitting 3GPP communication data or 3GPP sensing data, it can perform non-3GPP sensing data transmission using the wide bandwidth resources by switching to a BWP having a wide BWP among the candidate BWPs indicated by the upper layer (e.g., this BWP switching operation can be limited to an operation in which the device activates and uses only one BWP at the same time). Alternatively, for example, if a device can activate and use multiple BWPs simultaneously, the AS layer may receive upper layer data, a TX profile, a QoS profile (e.g., QoS requirement information related to non-3GPP sensing data), and candidate BWP information from an upper layer, and if the AS layer verifies the TX profile and verifies that the upper layer data is non-3GPP sensing data, it may additionally activate a BWP for transmitting non-3GPP sensing data by selecting one of the resources of the (candidate) BWP transmitted from the upper layer. For example, the device may perform non-3GPP sensing data transmission using the additionally activated BWP. For example, in order to support the multiple BWP activation operation, the present disclosure proposes an operation that can configure separate BWPs for 3GPP data and non-3GPP (sensing) data, respectively, as follows. For example, the separate BWP configuration information for 3GPP data and non-3GPP (sensing) data, respectively, may be transmitted by the base station to the device via an RRC message. For example, in general, a change in BWP (bandwidth part) can be instructed and set by the base station to the terminal rather than the terminal deciding on its own, and the terminal can change the BWP.For example, when a device receives non-3GPP sensing data from a higher layer, the device may request BWP switching to the base station, and when the base station receives the BWP switching request from the device, the base station may transmit changed BWP information to the device via an RRC message or a physical channel signal. For example, the BWP change request message that the device transmits to the base station may include a preferred BWP (e.g., BWP information received from a higher layer) and an LCID of data to be transmitted using the changed BWP resource (e.g., an LCID that can identify non-3GPP sensing data) and / or QoS requirement information related to the data, traffic pattern information related to the data, etc. Or, for example, when the device can perform an operation of using multiple BWPs in parallel, the base station may set multiple BWPs to the device in advance via an RRC message. For example, when a device receives non-3GPP sensing data from an upper layer, the device may select one of multiple BWPs configured by the base station and transmit the non-3GPP sensing data using the corresponding BWP resource. For example, when the device selects one of multiple BWP resources, the device may report the selected BWP information to the base station. In addition, for example, in an operation in which the device operates the BWP by activating only one BWP at the same time, the device may switch from the sensing data transmission BWP to the default BWP (e.g., a BWP for 3GPP data) if no non-3GPP sensing data is generated on the logical channel for a certain period of time.Alternatively, for example, the device may switch from a sensing data transmission BWP to a default BWP (e.g., a BWP for 3GPP data) if it has not received a physical control signal (e.g., DCI) related to non-3GPP sensing data from the base station for a period of time.

[0189] Alternatively, for example, when the base station receives a transmission resource request message (e.g., Buffer Status Report (BSR)) for transmitting non-3GPP sensing data from the UE, the base station may switch (e.g., via PDCCH) the current narrow bandwidth of the UE to a wider bandwidth. For example, the UE may transmit the BSR to the base station including a dedicated logical channel group (LCG) ID or logical channel ID (LCID) that distinguishes non-3GPP sensing data, to indicate to the base station that the transmission resource request message (e.g., BSR) is for transmitting non-3GPP sensing data.

[0190] Alternatively, for example, in a UE-UE bistatic sensing scenario, the MAC layer of the UE can select candidate transmission resources from the BWP for non-3GPP data transmission received from the upper layer and forward the selection to the PHY layer, and the PHY layer can perform sensing to determine whether the transmission resources are busy or idle based on the transmission resources received from the MAC layer, and select a set of candidate resources from among the idle transmission resources and forward the selection to the MAC layer. For example, the MAC layer can finally select a transmission resource for transmitting non-3GPP sensing data from among the set of candidate resources received from the PHY layer.

[0191] Proposal 2-2. Operation in a scenario where a base station / TRP transmits non-3GPP sensing data to a UE / device (e.g., a vehicle or UAV).

[0192] For example, the base station can request non-3GPP sensing data from a core network entity / third party entity (e.g., an entity storing non-3GPP sensing data) upon a request from a UE / device (e.g., a vehicle, a UAV) (e.g., a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE (see Proposal 3 below)), and can transmit the non-3GPP sensing data received from the core network entity / third party entity to the UE. In this case, for example, when the base station receives a request for non-3GPP sensing data from the UE, or receives a request for non-3GPP sensing data from the UE and requests the core network entity / third party entity to transmit the non-3GPP sensing data, and receives the non-3GPP sensing data from the core network entity / third party entity (e.g., when non-3GPP sensing data transmission is triggered at the base station), the base station can perform the following actions:

[0193] For example, if a downlink transmission operation was performed in a narrow DL BWP during a single BWP operation (e.g., a BWP operation in which only one BWP is activated and used at the same time) of a single frequency band, the base station may newly select a downlink transmission resource in a wide DL BWP to transmit non-3GPP sensing data to the UE. For example, the base station may inform the UE that the DL resource has changed from a narrow DL BWP to a wide DL BWP through a physical channel signal (e.g., a PDCCH or DCI). For example, the changed DL BWP information may be transmitted to the UE.

[0194] Alternatively, for example, during multiple BWP operations in a single frequency band (e.g., multiple BWP operations that activate and use multiple BWPs simultaneously), a new wider DL BWP can be selected to transmit non-3GPP sensing data to the UE. For example, the base station can inform the UE of the newly activated DL BWP for non-3GPP sensing data transmission via a physical channel signal (e.g., PDCCH or DCI).

[0195] Proposal 3. Non-3GPP sensing data trigger MAC CE or logical channel prioritization (LCP) order

[0196] For example, a sensing service-using device that has collected 3GPP sensing data can combine non-3GPP sensing data with 3GPP sensing data to generate final sensing data. At this time, for example, the sensing service-using device can request non-3GPP sensing data from a base station / core network entity / third-party entity. For example, a non-3GPP sensing data request message can be transmitted to a base station (or TRP) to be forwarded to an entity that stores the final non-3GPP sensing data. For example, the present disclosure proposes a MAC CE (e.g., a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE) that a device can transmit to a base station for the purpose of requesting non-3GPP sensing data. For example, a base station that has received a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE from a device can request the non-3GPP sensing data from an entity that stores the non-3GPP sensing data. For example, in order for a base station to distinguish whether a MAC CE transmitted by a device is a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE, an LCID (logical channel ID) that can identify a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE can be defined, and the LCID that distinguishes that it is a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE can be included in the header of the non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE.

[0197] Additionally, for example, the LCP order of non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CEs can be defined as follows, so that when a device has non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CEs, multiple logical channel data, and / or multiple MAC CE transmissions available, it can decide which data or MAC CE to preferentially select to generate a MAC PDU.

[0198] For example, as described below, the LCP order of a non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE may have a higher priority than the priority of the logical channel data.

[0199] Alternatively, for example, an LCP operation may be defined such that the LCP priority of logical channel data associated with non-3GPP sensing data is set to be higher than the priority of logical channel data associated with 3GPP data.

[0200] For example, logical channels can be prioritized in the following order (listed from highest priority first):

[0201] - MAC CE for data on C-RNTI or UL-CCCH;

[0202] - MAC CE for (enhanced) BFR, MAC CE for configured grant confirmation, or MAC CE for multiple entry configured grant confirmation;

[0203] - MAC CE for sidelink configured grant confirmation;

[0204] - MAC CE for LBT failure;

[0205] - MAC CE for SL LBT failure according to section 5.31.2;

[0206] - MAC CE for timing advance report;

[0207] - MAC CE for delay status report;

[0208] - MAC CE for SL-BSR with priority assigned according to section 5.22.1.6;

[0209] - MAC CE for (extended) BSR, excluding BSR included for padding;

[0210] - MAC CE for (enhanced) single entry PHR, or MAC CE for (enhanced) multiple entry PHR, or MAC CE for single entry PHR using assumed PUSCH, or MAC CE for multiple entry PHR using assumed PUSCH, or MAC CE for enhanced single entry PHR for multiple TRPs, or MAC CE for enhanced multiple entry PHR for multiple TRPs, or MAC CE for enhanced single entry PHR for multiple TRPs STx2P, or MAC CE for enhanced multiple entry PHR for multiple TRPs STx2P;

[0211] - MAC CE for positioning measurement gap enable / disable request;

[0212] - MAC CE for the number of desired guard symbols;

[0213] - MAC CE for case-6 timing request;

[0214] - MAC CE for (extended) pre-emptive BSR;

[0215] - MAC CE for SL-BSR, excluding SL-BSRs prioritized and included for padding according to section 5.22.1.6;

[0216] - MAC CE for IAB-MT recommended beam indication, or MAC CE for desired IAB-MT PSD range, or MAC CE for desired DL Tx power adjustment;

[0217] - Non-3GPP sensing data request MAC CE;

[0218] - Data of logical channels related to non-3GPP sensing data excluding UL-CCH data;

[0219] - All logical channel data except UL-CCH data;

[0220] - MAC CE for recommended bit rate query;

[0221] - MAC CE for BSR included for padding;

[0222] - MAC CE for SL-BSR included for padding;

[0223] Proposal 4. LCP (e.g., MAC PDU generation) procedure for non-3GPP sensing data

[0224] For example, when a base station receives non-3GPP sensing data from a device, the base station may expose the non-3GPP sensing data to an entity that ultimately manages / stores / uses the non-3GPP sensing data. In this case, for example, as an embodiment to enable the base station to extract the non-3GPP sensing data efficiently (e.g., by reducing the overhead of extracting the non-3GPP sensing data), the device may not multiplex (MUX) 3GPP data and non-3GPP sensing data together when generating a MAC PDU. For example, when the base station receives a MAC PDU in which 3GPP data and non-3GPP sensing data are multiplexed, the base station may need an additional procedure to separate / extract the non-3GPP sensing data from the multiplexed PDU. Therefore, for example, when the AS layer receives non-3GPP sensing data from an upper layer, the 3GPP data (e.g., logical channel data and / or MAC CE) and the non-3GPP sensing data may not be multiplexed when generating a MAC PDU. For example, only non-3GPP sensing data may be multiplexed when generating a MAC PDU. For example, when receiving upper layer data from an upper layer, the AS layer may distinguish that the data delivered from the upper layer is non-3GPP sensing data through the operations of Proposal 1 and / or Proposal 2 described above. In addition, for example, an LCID for distinguishing non-3GPP sensing data may be defined so that the base station can distinguish that the data included in the MAC PDU received from the device is non-3GPP sensing data. For example, the header of the MAC PDU into which the non-3GPP sensing data is multiplexed may include an LCID indicating that it is non-3GPP sensing data.

[0225] Proposal 5. Wireless communication operation of 3GPP communication devices using non-3GPP sensing information.

[0226] Proposal 5-1. Non-3GPP Sensing Information-Based Sensing Signal Transmission Omission Operation

[0227] For example, a sensing transmitter that transmits a sensing signal (e.g., a sensing reference signal) may first check for the presence of a target object using non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.) before transmitting the sensing signal when a sensing service for a sensing purpose (e.g., a detection sensing service) that checks for the presence of a target object is triggered. For example, if the presence of a target object is determined through non-3GPP sensing data collected using non-3GPP sensing, the sensing transmitter may omit transmitting the sensing signal. For example, when the upper layer of the sensing transmitter collects non-3GPP sensing data using a non-3GPP sensing service to achieve the purpose of the sensing service (e.g., detection sensing service), if 3GPP sensing is triggered or there is a pending 3GPP sensing service, it can cancel the 3GPP sensing (e.g., transmission of a sensing reference signal) or instruct the AS layer to cancel the 3GPP sensing.

[0228] Proposal 5-2. Transmission Parameter Determination Operation for 3GPP Communication Based on Non-3GPP Sensing Information

[0229] For example, a transmitting terminal can use non-3GPP sensing data as auxiliary information for determining transmission parameters for 3GPP communication. For example, a transmitting terminal can trigger non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.) to determine transmission parameters for 3GPP communication. For example, a transmitting terminal can obtain direction information, location information, distance information (e.g., distance between a transmitter and a receiver), etc. of a receiving terminal through non-3GPP sensing data collected through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing data by a camera, video, etc.). For example, a transmitting terminal can determine transmission parameters (e.g., beam direction, beam thickness, transmission power, etc.) based on the information of the receiving terminal collected.

[0230] Proposal 5-3. Triggering Action for Wireless Channel Quality Measurement Based on Non-3GPP Sensing Data

[0231] For example, a 3GPP communication device can trigger a wireless channel quality measurement operation based on non-3GPP sensing data information. For example, the presence of a device or object in the vicinity can be detected through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.), and wireless channel quality measurement can be triggered for the detected target device (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reporting triggering). For example, if a 3GPP communication device acquires information about a device or object in the vicinity through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.), a wireless channel quality measurement procedure such as CSI reporting can be triggered.

[0232] Alternatively, a service may be supported to track whether a UAV device is flying while maintaining a set flight path, for example, through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by camera, video, etc.). For example, if a UAV device is detected to have deviated from a predetermined flight path through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.), and if, when performing a UAV flight path tracking service, the UAV is detected to have deviated from the flight path (e.g., by the UAV itself, a neighboring UAV device, a base station, a core network entity, or a third party entity), a measurement report may be triggered (e.g., by the UAV itself, a neighboring UAV device, a base station, a core network entity, or a third party entity) so that the UAV device reports information such as its position, direction of movement, and speed (e.g., to the base station, the core network, or a third party entity).

[0233] Proposal 5-4. Conditional handover based on non-3GPP sensing information

[0234] For example, a base station can trigger a handover of a UE based on non-3GPP sensing information. For example, a UE (e.g., a sensing transmitter) can report non-3GPP sensing data (e.g., target sensing area and object information: target sensing area (TSA) / object presence / direction / location information, etc.) collected through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.) to the base station. For example, the base station can obtain target sensing area and object information of the UE by interpreting non-3GPP sensing data received from the UE. For example, if the base station detects that the UE's target sensing area (TSA) / object has moved into the area of ​​a neighboring base station through acquired non-3GPP sensing data (e.g., target sensing area and object information: presence / direction / location information of the target sensing area (TSA) / object, etc.), the base station can trigger a conditional handover (HO) procedure to hand over the UE to a cell or base station in the area where the TSA / object has moved.

[0235] Proposal 5-5. Idle Mode Operation of UEs Based on Non-3GPP Sensing Information

[0236] For example, as an idle mode operation of a UE (e.g., a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver) participating in a sensing service, the UE does not perform 3GPP sensing (e.g., CSI-RS transmission and / or CSI reporting) by default in an RRC idle state where there is no RRC connection with a base station, and when an object is detected around the UE through non-3GPP sensing data collected through non-3GPP sensing (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.), the 3GPP sensing procedure can be performed by triggering a 3GPP sensing operation (e.g., CSI-RS transmission and / or CSI reporting operation) in the idle state.

[0237] Proposal 5-6. Device Operation for Object Detection Based on Non-3GPP Sensing Information

[0238] For example, a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver and / or a sensing transceiver (e.g., a device having sensing transmission and sensing reception capabilities) may perform a sensing service for detecting or tracking a target sensing area (TSA) or an object by transmitting and / or receiving a 3GPP sensing reference signal, and if the target sensing area (TSA) or an object is suddenly not detected through sensing, the sensing transmitter and / or the sensing receiver may perform non-3GPP sensing to collect non-3GPP sensing data (e.g., sensing by a camera, video, etc.) for the purpose of distinguishing whether the actual object is not detected because it has disappeared or whether the object is not detected due to deterioration of wireless channel quality or an error in transmission parameter settings (e.g., beam direction, beam thickness, transmission power, etc.). For example, the sensing transmitter / sensing receiver / sensing transceiver may determine that an object has disappeared from its surroundings if it detects the absence of an object through non-3GPP sensing, and otherwise (e.g., if the object is detected through non-3GPP sensing), it may determine that the object is still in its sensing area.

[0239] Figure 12 illustrates a non-3GPP sensing-based operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0240] Referring to FIG. 12, UE A may be a UE capable of 3GPP communication and / or 3GPP sensing and / or non-3GPP sensing. Here, 3GPP communication may refer to an operation of transmitting and receiving data with a base station or a counterpart UE (UE B) based on LTE or NR, 3GPP sensing may refer to an operation of estimating / measuring the status of a communication channel or surrounding environment information based on a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or SRS, etc.) defined according to a 3GPP standard, and non-3GPP sensing may refer to an operation of performing detection of a target object (or target sensing area) based on a separate sensor (or sensing module) such as a camera, radar, lidar, etc.

[0241] In step S1210, UE A may perform non-3GPP sensing. Here, for example, non-3GPP sensing may mean sensing other than the 3GPP sensing described above. Also, for example, UE A may perform non-3GPP sensing before 3GPP sensing. For example, when UE A is in RRC_IDLE state, a configuration procedure related to 3GPP sensing may not be performed, so 3GPP sensing may be inactive, and thus non-3GPP sensing may be performed before 3GPP sensing. Alternatively, for example, even if a sensing service performed based on a 3GPP sensing signal (or sensing reference signal) is triggered for UE A, UE A may be (pre-)configured to perform non-3GPP sensing based on its own sensor before UE A transmits a sensing signal on its own. Meanwhile, for example, UE A can detect UE B based on at least one of its camera sensor, video sensor, radar sensor, LiDAR sensor, or sonar sensor. For example, UE A can perform sensing based on at least one sensor to obtain information related to the location, moving direction, or distance of UE B.

[0242] In step S1220, UE A may determine transmission parameters based on information related to UE B acquired based on at least one sensor. For example, UE A may utilize sensing data acquired based on at least one sensor to determine transmission parameters required for performing 3GPP communication with UE B. Specifically, for example, UE A may set a beam direction in a direction in which UE B is located. Or, for example, UE A may set a beam with a relatively wide thickness in consideration of the mobility of UE B. Or, for example, UE A may set a transmission power in consideration of the distance from UE B.

[0243] In step S1230, UE A can perform 3GPP communication based on transmission parameters determined based on non-3GPP sensing. In this case, for example, the success rate of 3GPP communication can be increased and the number of packet retransmissions can be reduced due to UE A's reliable beam setting. Alternatively, for example, unnecessary high-power transmission can be prevented, thereby improving the battery efficiency of UE A. Alternatively, for example, even if there is a change in UE B's moving direction, etc., tracking can be performed based on sensors to continuously update the beam for 3GPP communication. Alternatively, for example, communication stability can be secured because location recognition of the counterpart UE is possible based on non-3GPP sensors.

[0244] Figure 13 illustrates a non-3GPP sensing-based operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0245] Referring to FIG. 13, UE A may be a UE capable of 3GPP communication and / or 3GPP sensing and / or non-3GPP sensing. Here, 3GPP communication may refer to an operation of transmitting and receiving data with a base station or a counterpart UE (UE B) based on LTE or NR, 3GPP sensing may refer to an operation of estimating / measuring the status of a communication channel or surrounding environment information based on a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or SRS, etc.) defined according to a 3GPP standard, and non-3GPP sensing may refer to an operation of performing detection of a target object (or target sensing area) based on a separate sensor (or sensing module) such as a camera, radar, lidar, etc.

[0246] In step S1310, UE A may perform non-3GPP sensing. Here, for example, non-3GPP sensing may mean sensing other than the 3GPP sensing described above. Also, for example, UE A may perform non-3GPP sensing before 3GPP sensing. For example, when UE A is in RRC_IDLE state, a configuration procedure related to 3GPP sensing may not be performed, so 3GPP sensing may be inactive, and thus non-3GPP sensing may be performed before 3GPP sensing. Alternatively, for example, even if a sensing service performed based on a 3GPP sensing signal (or sensing reference signal) is triggered for UE A, UE A may be (pre-)configured to perform non-3GPP sensing based on its own sensor before UE A transmits a sensing signal on its own. Meanwhile, for example, UE A can detect UE B and its surroundings based on at least one of its camera sensor, video sensor, radar sensor, LiDAR sensor, or sonar sensor. For example, UE A can obtain information related to the location or movement direction of UE B and information related to the location or size of an object in the surroundings of UE B based on at least one sensor.

[0247] In step S1320, UE A may trigger a channel state report of UE B. Specifically, for example, UE A may estimate the possibility of channel fading, etc., which may be caused by an object around UE B, based on the information related to UE B acquired in step S1310 described above and the information related to an object around UE B. In this case, for example, UE A may trigger UE B to report the channel state in order to reset beamforming or transmit power, etc. For example, UE A may trigger UE B to report channel state information (CSI) or measure reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ). In summary, for example, UE A may trigger a report of a channel state for 3GPP communication based on non-3GPP sensing.

[0248] In step S1330, UE A may receive a channel status report from UE B. For example, UE A may receive information related to CSI or information obtained based on RSRP / RSRQ from UE B. For example, UE A may reset beamforming or transmission power for 3GPP communication based on the information related to the channel status received from UE B.

[0249] Embodiments of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to all six sensing scenarios of FIG. 9 described above.

[0250] Also, for example, the term "specific threshold" in the present disclosure may mean a threshold that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (e.g., including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. Also, for example, the term "specific set value" may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (e.g., including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. Also, for example, "set by the network / base station" may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE via higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0251] The unicast service of the present disclosure can be interpreted by replacing the source layer-2 ID and destination layer-2 ID pair.

[0252] The groupcast service of the present disclosure can be interpreted by replacing the groupcast destination layer-2 ID.

[0253] The broadcast service of the present disclosure can be interpreted by replacing the broadcast destination layer-2 ID.

[0254] The control message (or signal) and data message (or signal) of the present disclosure may mean a control message (or signal) and data message (or signal) for wireless communication (e.g., LTE communication, NR communication, 6G communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and other wireless communication) other than a radar signal.

[0255] The source ID and destination ID of the present disclosure may mean a source layer 1 ID, a destination layer 1 ID, and / or may mean a source layer 2 ID, a destination layer 2 ID.

[0256] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced with a beam selection operation, a spatial filter selection operation, a beam pairing operation, a spatial filter pairing operation, a beam failure recovery operation, a spatial filter recovery operation, a beam sweeping operation, a spatial filter sweeping operation, a beam switching operation, a spatial filter switching operation, a measurement operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a measurement report operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a beam report operation, or a spatial filter report operation.

[0257] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the transmission beam or resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the reception beam.

[0258] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct communication request (DCR) and / or direct communication accept (DCA) messages may be interpreted as being replaced with PC5-S DCR and / or PC5-S DCA messages.

[0259] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) information and / or Quasi Co Location (QCL) information and / or beam, etc. may refer to each other and may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, or spatial domain transmission / reception filter, etc.

[0260] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as a transmission beam, a reception beam, a spatial filter, a spatial TX (transmission) filter, a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter, a spatial RX (reception) filter, or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

[0261] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial TX (transmission) filter or a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter.

[0262] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the reception beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial RX (reception) filter or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

[0263] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission is the same may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception is the same may mean that the two different reception signals are in a QCL TypeD relationship and / or use the same spatial RX parameter.

[0264] For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set resource pool-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set congestion level-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service priority-specifically or service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability) or QoS profiles or PQIs-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a traffic type (e.g., periodic or aperiodic generated traffic). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a sidelink transmission resource allocation mode (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating a service supporting sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating a service not required to support DRX operation).

[0265] For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether PUCCH configuration is supported (e.g., when PUCCH resources are configured or when PUCCH resources are not configured). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on a resource pool (e.g., a resource pool where PSFCH is configured or a resource pool where PSFCH is not configured). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on a type and / or priority of a service or packet. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a QoS profile or QoS requirement (e.g., URLLC / EMBB traffic, reliability, latency). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PQI (PC5 QoS indicator). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PFI (packet flow identifier). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a congestion level (e.g., CBR) of a resource pool. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a SL HARQ feedback scheme (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ feedback enabled MAC PDU transmission and / or HARQ feedback disabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PUCCH-based SL HARQ feedback reporting operation is set. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether pre-emption and / or re-evaluation are performed (or whether resource reselection based thereon is performed). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on (L2 or L1) source identifiers and / or destination identifiers. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set identifier-specifically (or differently or independently) based on the combination of the (L2 or L1) source layer ID and the destination layer ID.For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set identifier-specifically (or differently or independently) according to a pair of (L2 or L1) source / destination layer IDs and a combination of cast types. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set direction-specifically (or differently or independently) of a pair of source layer IDs and destination layer IDs. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PC5 RRC connection or link is established. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is performed or whether SL DRX is supported. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on an SL mode type (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether periodic or aperiodic resource reservation is performed.

[0266] For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, distance-based NACK-only feedback). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode 1 CG types (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL link establishment. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the connection state between the terminal and the base station (e.g., RRC connected state, idle state, inactive state). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the SL HARQ process identifier (ID). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a transmitting terminal (Tx UE) or a receiving terminal (Rx UE) performs an SL DRX operation. For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the transmitting or receiving terminal has a power saving function enabled (whether it is a power saving UE).For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set when PSFCH transmission (TX) and PSFCH reception (RX) overlap from a specific UE perspective. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set when there are multiple PSFCH transmissions that exceed the UE capability. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set when PSFCH transmission and / or reception are omitted. For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or the associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set when a receiving terminal (Rx UE) actually or successfully receives a PSCCH and / or PSSCH (re)transmission from a transmitting terminal (Tx UE).

[0267] The applicability of the proposals and proposed rules of the present disclosure (and / or the associated parameter settings) may also be applied to mmWave SL operation.

[0268] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0269] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the first device may perform sensing based on at least one sensor. In step S1420, the first device may obtain information related to the second device based on the sensing. In step S1430, the first device may determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device obtained based on the at least one sensor.

[0270] For example, the information associated with the second device may include at least one of a location of the second device, a direction of the second device, or a distance from the second device.

[0271] For example, the transmission parameter may include at least one of a direction of a beam for transmission to the second device, a thickness of the beam, or a transmission power.

[0272] Additionally, for example, the first device may detect at least one object around the second device based on the at least one sensor. Additionally, for example, the first device may trigger channel quality measurement of the second device based on the detection.

[0273] Additionally, for example, the first device may detect a target sensing area or a target object based on the at least one sensor. Additionally, for example, the first device may report information related to the target sensing area or the target object to the base station. For example, based on the target sensing area or the target object being within the coverage area of ​​a neighboring base station of the base station, the first device may be handed over to the neighboring base station.

[0274] For example, based on the first device not having established a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the base station, sensing based on a sensing reference signal may be deactivated, and sensing based on the at least one sensor may be activated. For example, based on the at least one sensor detecting at least one object, sensing based on the sensing reference signal may be activated.

[0275] For example, based on the sensing service being triggered in the first device, the sensing based on the at least one sensor may be performed before transmitting a sensing reference signal related to the sensing service. For example, based on the information for the sensing service being acquired based on the at least one sensor, the transmission of the sensing reference signal may be skipped. For example, based on the information for the sensing service being acquired based on the at least one sensor, information for canceling the sensing based on the sensing reference signal may be transmitted from a higher layer of the first device to a lower layer of the first device.

[0276] For example, the at least one sensor may include at least one of a camera sensor, a video sensor, a radar sensor, a LiDAR sensor, or a sonar sensor.

[0277] For example, based on at least one sensor, non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) sensing may be performed. For example, based on the non-3GPP sensing, non-3GPP sensing data related to the second device may be acquired. For example, based on the non-3GPP sensing data, transmission parameters for 3GPP communication for the second device may be determined.

[0278] Additionally, for example, the first device may generate a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) based on multiplexing. For example, data related to communication of the first device other than sensing data acquired based on the at least one sensor may not be included in the MAC PDU.

[0279] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform sensing based on at least one sensor. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information related to a second device based on the sensing. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device obtained based on the at least one sensor.

[0280] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0281] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0282] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform sensing based on at least one sensor; acquire information related to a second device based on the sensing; and determine transmission parameters for the second device based on the information related to the second device acquired based on the at least one sensor.

[0283] FIG. 15 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0284] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, the second device may receive information related to transmission parameters from the first device. In step S1520, the second device may perform beam setting based on the transmission parameters. For example, the transmission parameters may be determined based on information related to the second device acquired based on at least one sensor of the first device.

[0285] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive information related to transmission parameters from the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can perform beam setting based on the transmission parameters. For example, the transmission parameters can be determined based on information related to the second device acquired based on at least one sensor of the first device.

[0286] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and perform beam setting based on the transmission parameters. For example, the transmission parameters may be determined based on information related to the second device acquired based on at least one sensor of the first device.

[0287] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and perform beam setting based on the transmission parameters. For example, the transmission parameters may be determined based on information related to the second device acquired based on at least one sensor of the first device.

[0288] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and perform beam setting based on the transmission parameters. For example, the transmission parameters may be determined based on information related to the second device acquired based on at least one sensor of the first device.

[0289] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, 3GPP communication can be optimized based on non-3GPP sensing. Specifically, for example, a terminal can directly obtain visual or spatial information related to the distance, position, direction, or surrounding environment between terminals through a non-3GPP sensor (e.g., a camera or LiDAR), and based on this, the direction, thickness, or transmission power of a transmission beam can be precisely set, thereby maximizing the performance of 3GPP communication. In this case, for example, unnecessary repeated transmission can be prevented, and power consumption and resource waste can be reduced. Alternatively, for example, a terminal can perform sensing without receiving a sensing signal (or sensing reference signal) through a non-3GPP sensor, and thus transmission conditions can be determined in advance before sensing based on the sensing signal (or sensing reference signal) is performed, thereby reducing transmission delay. Alternatively, for example, a terminal may omit or limit sensing operations based on sensing reference signals based on sensing data acquired by non-3GPP sensors, thereby reducing the associated signaling overhead. Alternatively, for example, services requiring high reliability and / or low latency may be provided by utilizing sensing data other than communication data.

[0290] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0291] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0292] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0293] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0294] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0295] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0296] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0297] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0298] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0299] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0300] Referring to FIG. 17, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 16.

[0301] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0302] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0303] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0304] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0305] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0306] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0307] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0308] Referring to FIG. 18, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 18 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. The hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17.

[0309] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0310] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0311] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0312] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 18. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 17) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0313] Figure 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 16). The embodiment of Figure 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0314] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 17 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 17. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0315] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 16, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 16, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 16, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 16, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 16, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 16, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 16, 400), a base station (Fig. 16, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0316] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0317] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 19 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0318] FIG. 20 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0319] Referring to FIG. 20, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0320] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0321] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0322] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A first device performs sensing based on at least one sensor; A step of obtaining information related to a second device based on the above sensing; and A method comprising: determining a transmission parameter for the second device based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor; 2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the information related to the second device includes at least one of a location of the second device, a direction of the second device, or a distance from the second device.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the transmission parameter comprises at least one of a direction of a beam for transmission to the second device, a thickness of the beam, or a transmission power.

4. In paragraph 1, A step of detecting at least one object around the second device based on at least one sensor; and A method further comprising: a step of triggering channel quality measurement of the second device based on the detection; 5. In paragraph 1, A step of detecting a target sensing area or a target object based on at least one sensor; and Further comprising a step of reporting information related to the target sensing area or the target object to the base station; A method in which the first device is handed over to a surrounding base station based on whether the target sensing area or the target object is within the coverage of the surrounding base station of the base station.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein sensing based on a sensing reference signal is deactivated and sensing based on at least one sensor is activated based on the first device not having an RRC (radio resource control) connection with the base station.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein sensing based on the sensing reference signal is activated based on at least one object being detected based on at least one sensor.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein sensing based on at least one sensor is performed prior to transmission of a sensing reference signal related to the sensing service, based on the sensing service being triggered in the first device.

9. In paragraph 8, A method in which transmission of the sensing reference signal is skipped based on information being acquired for the sensing service based on at least one sensor.

10. In paragraph 8, A method in which information for canceling sensing based on the sensing reference signal is transmitted from a higher layer of the first device to a lower layer of the first device based on information for the sensing service being acquired based on at least one sensor.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one of a camera sensor, a video sensor, a radar sensor, a LiDAR sensor, or a sonar sensor.

12. In paragraph 1, Based on at least one sensor above, non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) sensing is performed, Based on the above non-3GPP sensing, non-3GPP sensing data related to the second device is acquired, and A method in which transmission parameters for 3GPP communication for the second device are determined based on the non-3GPP sensing data.

13. In paragraph 1, The first device further includes a step of generating a MAC (medium access control) PDU (protocol data unit) based on multiplexing; A method wherein data related to communication of the first device other than sensing data acquired based on at least one sensor is not included in the MAC PDU.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Perform sensing based on at least one sensor; Obtaining information related to the second device based on the above sensing; and A first device that determines transmission parameters for the second device based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Perform sensing based on at least one sensor; Obtaining information related to the second device based on the above sensing; and A processing device that determines transmission parameters for the second device based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Perform sensing based on at least one sensor; Obtaining information related to the second device based on the above sensing; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that determines transmission parameters for the second device based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor.

17. In the method, A step in which a second device receives information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and A step of performing beam setting based on the above transmission parameters; including; A method wherein the transmission parameters are determined based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor of the first device.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: To receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and Based on the above transmission parameters, beam setting is performed, A second device, wherein the transmission parameters are determined based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor of the first device.

19. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: To receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and Based on the above transmission parameters, beam setting is performed, A processing device wherein the transmission parameters are determined based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor of the first device.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: To receive information related to transmission parameters from a first device; and Based on the above transmission parameters, beam setting is performed, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the transmission parameters are determined based on information related to the second device obtained based on at least one sensor of the first device.

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