Transmission method, first internet of things node, target internet of things node, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a transmission method, a first Internet of Things node, a target Internet of Things node, and a storage medium. The method comprises: on the basis of a network transmission state between a first Internet of Things node and at least one second Internet of Things node, the first Internet of Things node determining a target Internet of Things node and a target transmission parameter; and on the basis of the target Internet of Things node and the target transmission parameter, performing transmission control processing.

Description

Transmission method, first IoT node, target IoT node and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a transmission method, a first Internet of Things (IoT) node, a target IoT node, and a storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, during directional communication between the first IoT node and the second IoT node, if the third IoT node transmits data to the first IoT node, there may be a situation of deafness caused by beam direction blockage, or there may be a situation of collision caused by mutual interference between multiple data transmissions, thereby affecting the overall network performance.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a transmission method, a first IoT node, a target IoT node, and a storage medium. The first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. Transmission control processing is performed based on the target IoT node and target transmission parameters, thereby avoiding situations such as deafness and collisions and improving the overall network performance.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a first Internet of Things (IoT) node, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, the target IoT node and target transmission parameters are determined.

[0007] Transmission control processing is performed based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a target Internet of Things (IoT) node, the method comprising:

[0009] The system receives data packets transmitted by a first IoT node; the target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0010] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a communication system, the method comprising:

[0011] The first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0012] The first IoT node performs transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters;

[0013] The target IoT node receives the data packet transmitted by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate the transmission of the data packet; the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is the data packet to be sent by the first IoT node.

[0014] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a first Internet of Things (IoT) node is provided, comprising:

[0015] The processing module is used to determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0016] The processing module is also used to perform transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0017] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a target Internet of Things node is proposed, comprising:

[0018] The transceiver module is used to receive data packets transmitted by the first IoT node; the target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0019] According to a sixth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a first Internet of Things (IoT) node is provided, comprising:

[0020] One or more processors;

[0021] The processor is used to invoke instructions to cause the first IoT node to execute the processing method described in any of the first aspects.

[0022] According to a seventh aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a target Internet of Things node is proposed, comprising:

[0023] One or more processors;

[0024] The processor is used to invoke instructions to cause the target IoT node to execute the processing method described in any of the second aspects.

[0025] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is proposed, characterized in that it includes a first Internet of Things (IoT) node and a target IoT node, wherein the first IoT node is configured to implement the transmission method described in the first aspect, and the target IoT node is configured to implement the transmission method described in the second aspect.

[0026] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions, characterized in that, when the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device causes the communication device to perform the method as described in either the first aspect or the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2 is an interactive schematic diagram of the transmission method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figures 3A-3D are schematic flowcharts illustrating the transmission method according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of data transmission;

[0034] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first Internet of Things node proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 7B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the target Internet of Things node proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8B is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0038] This disclosure presents a transmission method, a first Internet of Things (IoT) node, a target IoT node, and a storage medium.

[0039] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a transmission method, which is executed by a first Internet of Things (IoT) node. The method includes: determining a target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node; and performing transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node; transmission control processing is performed according to the target IoT node and target transmission parameters, thereby combining the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node for transmission control, which can avoid deafness and collision situations and improve the overall network performance.

[0041] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the network transmission state includes at least one of the following: a data packet to be transmitted, a channel state of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node; or, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node.

[0043] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate at least one of the following: whether the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is perceived, and whether data packets are transmitted.

[0045] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameters indicate the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; the transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters includes: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameters indicate the transmission data packets; the transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters includes: performing transmission processing on the data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0047] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward value of the historical processing result corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; and the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0049] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0050] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a transmission method, which is executed by a target Internet of Things (IoT) node. The method includes: receiving a data packet transmitted by a first IoT node; and determining target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the network transmission state includes at least one of the following: a data packet to be transmitted, a channel state of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0052] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the data packet to be transmitted is the data packet to be received by the target IoT node.

[0053] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0054] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets.

[0055] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward value of the historical processing result corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0056] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0057] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0058] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a transmission method, the method being executed by a communication system, the method comprising:

[0059] The first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0060] The first IoT node performs transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters;

[0061] The target IoT node receives the data packet transmitted by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate the transmission of the data packet; the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is the data packet to be sent by the first IoT node.

[0062] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a first Internet of Things (IoT) node, the first IoT node comprising:

[0063] The processing module is used to determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0064] The processing module is also used to perform transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0065] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the network transmission state includes at least one of the following: a data packet to be transmitted, a channel state of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0066] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node; or, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0068] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate at least one of the following: whether the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is perceived, and whether data packets are transmitted.

[0069] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameter indicates the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; the processing module is specifically used to perform sensing processing on the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0070] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameters indicate the transmission data packets; the processing module is specifically used to perform transmission processing on the data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0071] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward value of the historical processing result corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0072] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0073] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0074] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a target Internet of Things (IoT) node, the target IoT node comprising:

[0075] The transceiver module is used to receive data packets transmitted by the first IoT node; the target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0076] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the network transmission state includes at least one of the following: a data packet to be transmitted, a channel state of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0077] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be received by the target IoT node.

[0078] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0079] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets.

[0080] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward value of the historical processing result corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0081] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0082] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0083] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a first Internet of Things (IoT) node, which includes one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to execute an optional implementation of the transmission method proposed in the first aspect.

[0084] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a target Internet of Things (IoT) node, which includes one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to execute an optional implementation of the transmission method proposed in the second aspect.

[0085] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system comprising: a first Internet of Things (IoT) node and a target IoT node; wherein the first IoT node is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect, and the target IoT node is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0086] Ninthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0087] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0088] In one aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0089] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the methods described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects above.

[0090] Understandably, the aforementioned first IoT node, target IoT node, communication system, storage medium, program product, computer program, chip, or chip system are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] This disclosure provides a transmission method. In some embodiments, terms such as transmission method and communication method can be used interchangeably, as can terms such as transmission device and communication device, and as can terms such as transmission system and communication system.

[0092] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0093] In each of the disclosed embodiments, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0094] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0095] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0096] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0097] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0098] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0099] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execution of A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execution of B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0100] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0101] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0102] In some embodiments, the terms “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “if…”, “if…”, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0103] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0104] In some embodiments, the apparatus and device may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. In some cases, they may also be understood as "equipment", "device", "circuit", "network element", "node", "function", "unit", "section", "system", "network", "chip", "chip system", "entity", "body", etc.

[0105] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in the network, such as access network devices, core network devices, etc.

[0106] In some embodiments, "access network device (AN device)" may also be referred to as "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," or "fixed station." In some embodiments, it may also be understood as "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," or "bandwidth part (BWP)."

[0107] In some embodiments, "terminal device" or "terminal equipment" may be referred to as "user equipment (UE)," "user terminal," "mobile station (MS)," "mobile terminal (MT)," "subscriber station," "mobile unit," "subscriber unit," "wireless unit," "remote unit," "mobile device," "wireless device," "wireless communication device," "remote device," "mobile subscriber station," "access terminal," "mobile terminal," "wireless terminal," "remote terminal," "handset," "user agent," "mobile client," "client," etc.

[0108] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0109] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0110] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This communication system may include, but is not limited to, two IoT nodes. The number and configuration of devices shown in Figure 1 are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. The communication system shown in Figure 1 is exemplified by including a first IoT node 101 and a second IoT node 102.

[0111] In the embodiments of this application, the first IoT node 101 and the second IoT node 102 can each be an entity used to receive or transmit signals, such as a terminal device. A terminal device can also be called a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), etc. Terminal devices can be communication-enabled vehicles, smart cars, mobile phones, wearable devices, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, wireless terminal devices in industrial control, wireless terminal devices in self-driving, wireless terminal devices in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal devices in smart grids, wireless terminal devices in transportation safety, wireless terminal devices in smart cities, wireless terminal devices in smart homes, and so on. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the terminal devices.

[0112] It is understood that the communication system described in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0113] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system shown in FIG1, or some of the subjects, but are not limited thereto. The subjects shown in FIG1 are illustrative. The communication system may include all or some of the subjects in FIG1, or may include other subjects other than those in FIG1. ​​The number and form of each subject are arbitrary. Each subject may be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the subjects is illustrative. The subjects may not be connected or may be connected. The connection may be in any way, such as direct connection or indirect connection, wired connection or wireless connection.

[0114] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0115] In related technologies, during directional communication between the first IoT node and the second IoT node, if the third IoT node transmits data to the first IoT node, there may be a situation of deafness caused by beam direction blockage, or there may be a situation of collision caused by mutual interference between multiple data transmissions, thereby affecting the overall network performance.

[0116] In this scenario, when the first IoT node communicates directionally with the second IoT node, assuming the first IoT node uses its first beam to communicate with the second IoT node's third beam, and the other beams of the first IoT node (e.g., the second, third, and fourth beams) are blocked, and the other beams of the second IoT node (e.g., the first, second, and fourth beams) are also blocked. In this situation, if the third IoT node transmits data via its own second beam to the first IoT node's third beam, it will be difficult to receive the data because the third beam of the first IoT node is blocked—essentially, a case of "deafness."

[0117] If a third IoT node transmits data to the first IoT node via its third beam, the first beam may simultaneously receive data from both the second and third IoT nodes. This data transmission interferes with each other, resulting in a collision. A collision could cause both data transmissions to fail.

[0118] Figure 2 is an interactive schematic diagram of a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the present disclosure relates to a transmission method for a first IoT node 101 and a target IoT node, the method including:

[0119] Step S2101: The first IoT node sends a first signaling message to the target IoT node.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first IoT node 101 and the target IoT node are, for example, NB-IoT terminal devices, etc., but this disclosure does not limit them.

[0121] In some embodiments, the terms "NB-IoT", "Narrow Band Internet of Things", and "Narrow Band Internet of Things" can be used interchangeably.

[0122] In some embodiments, the first signaling may include a data packet to be transmitted from the first IoT node to the target IoT node.

[0123] In some embodiments, the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node for data packet transmission are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. The target IoT node can be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from the at least one second IoT node.

[0124] In one example, at least one second IoT node can be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and receiving data from the first IoT node. In another example, at least one second IoT node can be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and sending data to the first IoT node.

[0125] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0126] The data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the second IoT node. Specifically, if at least one second IoT node is an IoT node receiving data from the first IoT node, the data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet that the first IoT node is sending to the second IoT node. If at least one second IoT node is an IoT node sending data to the first IoT node, the data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet that the second IoT node is sending to the first IoT node.

[0127] The channel state used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state. A busy state means that data packets are being transmitted on the channel. An idle state means that no data packets are being transmitted on the channel, but data packets can be transmitted. A channel not detected state means that no channel for data packet transmission has been detected.

[0128] The number of retransmissions for a data packet can be 0 or any positive integer. A retransmission count of 0 indicates that the data packet is being transmitted for the first time. A retransmission count of a positive integer indicates that the data packet has previously failed to be transmitted and is not being transmitted for the first time.

[0129] The target transmission parameters are used to indicate actions for the target IoT node. These actions can include at least one of the following: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; not sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; transmitting data packets; or not transmitting data packets.

[0130] The sensing of the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission can refer to the first sensing of the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; or it can refer to the second sensing of the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and updating the historical channel state of the channel based on the sensing results.

[0131] In some embodiments, before the first IoT node and the target IoT node transmit data packets, one or more sensing actions for the channel between the two nodes are typically set up. It is assumed that the communication time range of the first IoT node includes multiple frames, and each frame includes multiple time slots. The sensing action may occupy one time slot; the transmission action may occupy multiple time slots.

[0132] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0133] A reinforcement learning model mainly consists of the following components: agent, environment, state, action, reward, and policy. The agent refers to the entity in the reinforcement learning process, responsible for perceiving the state of the environment, selecting and executing actions, and adjusting the policy based on the received reward. The environment refers to everything outside the agent. The environment can receive actions from the agent and generate corresponding state changes and reward signals. A state represents the data of the environment; the state set is all possible states in the environment. The agent selects actions based on the current state. An action refers to the actions the agent can perform. The agent selects and executes actions according to the policy. The reward refers to the positive or negative reward signal obtained by the agent after performing an action. The reward is a key feedback in the agent's learning process, used to guide policy adjustments. The policy refers to the mapping from state to action, that is, the process by which the agent selects a certain action based on a certain state.

[0134] In this disclosure, the intelligent agent can refer to a first IoT node. The environment can refer to the environment in which the first IoT node exists. The state, i.e., the environmental state, can refer to the network transmission state between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. The action can refer to the action indicated by the target transmission parameters, and the IoT node to which the action is directed (the target IoT node). The reward refers to the numerical value determined by the feedback after the first IoT node performs the action. The feedback may include, for example, successful perception, successful transmission, or transmission failure. The strategy is the strategy used to determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters based on the network transmission state between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, and is updated in real time based on the historical network transmission state, historical transmission parameters, and reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters between the first IoT node and each second IoT node.

[0135] It should be noted that the policy can be updated each time a historical network transmission status, historical transmission parameter, and reward value of the corresponding historical processing result are obtained; or, the policy can be updated each time a preset number of historical network transmission statuses, historical transmission parameters, and reward values ​​of the corresponding historical processing results are obtained.

[0136] In some embodiments, where historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets, the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0137] The reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the data packet. Assuming the data packet is sent from the first IoT node to the target IoT node, the transmission length can be the number of time slots between the time slot where the first IoT node receives the acknowledgment information from the target IoT node and the time slot where the data packet is sent. Alternatively, assuming the data packet is sent from the target IoT node to the first IoT node, the transmission length can be the number of time slots between the time slot where the first IoT node sends the acknowledgment information to the target IoT node and the time slot where the data packet is sent.

[0138] The reward value for transmission failure can be determined by combining the transmission length of the transmitted data packet with a specified reward factor. For example, the reward value for transmission failure can be determined by multiplying the transmission length of the transmitted data packet with the specified reward factor; then, by adding a negative sign to the product, the reward value for transmission failure can be obtained.

[0139] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is to be sensed, the first IoT node may perform sensing processing on the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is not to be sensed, the first IoT node may stop sensing operations on that channel.

[0140] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should be transmitted, the first IoT node can process the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should not be transmitted, the first IoT node can stop processing the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0141] Specifically, when the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node, if the target transmission parameters indicate that a data packet is to be transmitted, the first IoT node may send the data packet to the target IoT node; if the target transmission parameters do not indicate that a data packet is to be transmitted, the first IoT node may not send the data packet to the target IoT node.

[0142] In the case where the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node, if the target transmission parameters indicate that a data packet is to be transmitted, the first IoT node may receive the data packet sent by the target IoT node; if the target transmission parameters do not indicate that a data packet is to be transmitted, the first IoT node may not receive the data packet sent by the target IoT node.

[0143] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0144] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0145] In this embodiment, the first IoT node sends a first signaling to the target IoT node; wherein, the first signaling includes a data packet to be transmitted from the first IoT node to the target IoT node; the target transmission parameters for data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, thereby avoiding data transmission in the case of beam direction blockage and avoiding mutual interference of multiple data transmissions, thereby avoiding deafness and collision, and improving the overall network performance.

[0146] Figure 3A is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3A, this embodiment of the disclosure relates to a transmission method for a first Internet of Things node 101, the method comprising:

[0147] Step S3101: Send a first signaling to the target IoT node; the first signaling includes a data packet to be transmitted from the first IoT node to the target IoT node; the target transmission parameters for data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0148] In some embodiments, the target IoT node may be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from at least one second IoT node.

[0149] In some embodiments, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of a first IoT node and transmitting data with the first IoT node. In one example, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and receiving data from the first IoT node. In another example, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and sending data to the first IoT node.

[0150] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0151] The data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the second IoT node. Specifically, if at least one second IoT node is an IoT node receiving data from the first IoT node, the data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet that the first IoT node is sending to the second IoT node. If at least one second IoT node is an IoT node sending data to the first IoT node, the data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet that the second IoT node is sending to the first IoT node.

[0152] The channel state used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state. A busy state means that data packets are being transmitted on the channel. An idle state means that no data packets are being transmitted on the channel, but data packets can be transmitted. A channel not detected state means that no channel for data packet transmission has been detected.

[0153] The number of retransmissions for a data packet can be 0 or any positive integer. A retransmission count of 0 indicates that the data packet is being transmitted for the first time. A retransmission count of a positive integer indicates that the data packet has failed to be transmitted previously and is not being transmitted for the first time.

[0154] The target transmission parameters are used to indicate actions for the target IoT node. These actions can include at least one of the following: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; not sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; transmitting data packets; or not transmitting data packets.

[0155] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0156] In some embodiments, where historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets, the historical processing result includes successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0157] The reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the data packet. The reward value for failed transmission can be determined by combining the transmission length of the data packet with a specified reward factor. For example, the reward value for failed transmission can be determined by multiplying the transmission length of the data packet by the specified reward factor; then, a negative sign is added to the product to obtain the reward value for failed transmission.

[0158] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is to be sensed, the first IoT node may perform sensing processing on the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is not to be sensed, the first IoT node may stop sensing operations on that channel.

[0159] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should be transmitted, the first IoT node can process the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should not be transmitted, the first IoT node can stop processing the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0160] For a detailed description of step S3101, please refer to step S2101 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0161] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0162] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0163] In this embodiment, the first IoT node sends a first signaling to the target IoT node; wherein, the first signaling includes a data packet to be transmitted from the first IoT node to the target IoT node; the target transmission parameters for data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, thereby avoiding data transmission in the case of beam direction blockage and avoiding mutual interference of multiple data transmissions, thereby avoiding deafness and collision, and improving the overall network performance.

[0164] Figure 3B is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3B, this embodiment of the disclosure relates to a transmission method for a first Internet of Things node 101, the method comprising:

[0165] Step S3201: Based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0166] In some embodiments, the target IoT node may be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from at least one second IoT node.

[0167] In some embodiments, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and transmitting data with the first IoT node.

[0168] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0169] The data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the second IoT node. The channel state used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, or busy state.

[0170] In some embodiments, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate actions for a target IoT node. These actions may include at least one of the following: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; not sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; transmitting data packets; or not transmitting data packets.

[0171] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0172] Step S3202: When the target transmission parameters indicate that a data packet needs to be transmitted, the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is processed for transmission.

[0173] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate the transmission of a data packet, and the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node, the first IoT node sends a signaling message carrying the data packet to the target IoT node.

[0174] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate the transmission of a data packet, and the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node, signaling carrying the data packet sent by the target IoT node is received.

[0175] For a detailed description of steps S3201 to S3202, please refer to step S2101 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0176] The transmission method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3201 to S3202. For example, step S3301 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S3202 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, and so on, but is not limited thereto.

[0177] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0178] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0179] In this embodiment, the first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate the transmission of data packets, the data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node are processed for transmission. The target transmission parameters and the target IoT node used for data packet transmission can be determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, so that the first IoT node can take into account the deafness and collision situations when performing data packet transmission processing, thereby avoiding deafness and collision situations and improving the overall network performance.

[0180] Figure 3C is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3C, this embodiment of the disclosure relates to a transmission method for a first Internet of Things node 101, the method including:

[0181] Step S3301: Based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0182] In some embodiments, the target IoT node may be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from at least one second IoT node.

[0183] In some embodiments, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and transmitting data with the first IoT node.

[0184] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0185] The data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the second IoT node. The channel state used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, or busy state.

[0186] In some embodiments, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate actions for a target IoT node. These actions may include at least one of the following: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; not sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; transmitting data packets; or not transmitting data packets.

[0187] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0188] Step S3302: When the target transmission parameter indicates the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is sensed.

[0189] For a detailed description of steps S3301 to S3302, please refer to step S2101 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0190] The transmission method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3301 to S3302. For example, step S3301 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S3302 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, and so on, but it is not limited thereto.

[0191] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0192] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0193] In this embodiment, the first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate the channel status of the channel used for data packet transmission, the channel status of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is sensed. By sensing the channel status, subsequent decisions can be made based on the sensed channel status to determine whether to transmit data packets, taking into account collision situations, thereby avoiding collisions and improving the overall network performance.

[0194] Figure 3D is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3D, this disclosure relates to a transmission method for a first Internet of Things node 101, the method comprising:

[0195] Step S3401: Based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0196] In some embodiments, the target IoT node may be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from at least one second IoT node.

[0197] In some embodiments, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and transmitting data with the first IoT node.

[0198] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0199] The data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the second IoT node. The channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0200] In some embodiments, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate actions for a target IoT node. These actions may include at least one of the following: sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; not sensing the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; transmitting data packets; or not transmitting data packets.

[0201] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0202] Step S3402: Perform transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0203] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is to be sensed, the first IoT node may perform sensing processing on the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is not to be sensed, the first IoT node may stop sensing operations on that channel.

[0204] In some embodiments, when the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should be transmitted, the first IoT node can process the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node. When the target transmission parameters indicate that data packets should not be transmitted, the first IoT node can stop processing the transmission of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0205] For a detailed description of steps S3401 to S3402, please refer to step S2101 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0206] The transmission method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3401 to S3402. For example, step S3401 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S3402 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, and so on, but it is not limited thereto.

[0207] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0208] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0209] In this embodiment, the first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node; transmission control processing is then performed based on the target IoT node and target transmission parameters. The target transmission parameters and target IoT node can be determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, enabling the first IoT node to consider potential issues such as deafness and collisions when processing data packets, thereby avoiding such issues and improving overall network performance.

[0210] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, this disclosure relates to a transmission method for a target Internet of Things (IoT) node, the method comprising:

[0211] Step S4101: Receive the data packet transmitted by the first IoT node; the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node for data packet transmission are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0212] In some embodiments, the target IoT node may be a second IoT node selected by the first IoT node from at least one second IoT node.

[0213] In some embodiments, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and receiving data from the first IoT node. In another example, at least one second IoT node may be an IoT node located within the communication range of the first IoT node and sending data to the first IoT node.

[0214] In some embodiments, the network transmission state may include at least one of the following: data packets to be transmitted, channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission, and number of retransmissions of the data packets.

[0215] In some embodiments, the data packet to be transmitted can be a data packet to be transmitted between a first IoT node and a second IoT node. The channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0216] In some embodiments, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, the historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0217] In some embodiments, historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; historical processing results include successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission. The reward value for successful transmission can be the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0218] For a detailed description of step S4101, please refer to step S2101 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0219] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0220] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0221] In this embodiment, the target IoT node receives data packets transmitted by the first IoT node. The target transmission parameters and the target IoT node used for data packet transmission are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. The determination of the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node avoids data transmission under beam direction blocking conditions and avoids interference between multiple data transmissions, thereby preventing issues like "deafness" and collisions, and improving overall network performance.

[0222] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, this embodiment of the disclosure relates to a transmission method for a communication system, including: a first Internet of Things (IoT) node 101 and a target IoT node, the method comprising:

[0223] Step S5101: The first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0224] In step S5102, the first IoT node performs transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0225] In step S5103, the target IoT node receives the data packet transmitted by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate the transmission of the data packet; the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is the data packet to be sent by the first IoT node.

[0226] For a detailed description of steps S5101 to S5103, please refer to the above embodiments.

[0227] The transmission method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S5101 to S5103. For example, steps S5101+S5102 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, step S5103 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0228] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0229] In the embodiments disclosed herein, each step and its optional implementation can also be carried out independently.

[0230] In this embodiment, the first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node; the first IoT node performs transmission control processing according to the target IoT node and target transmission parameters; the target IoT node receives the data packets transmitted by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node are the data packets to be sent by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node can be determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, so that the first IoT node can take into account the deafness and collision situations when performing data packet transmission processing, thereby avoiding deafness and collision situations and improving the overall network performance.

[0231] The following is an exemplary description of the above method.

[0232] Let Di be the set of target nodes of ni (the first IoT node). The target nodes in Di (the second IoT node) are within the communication range of ni and receive DDATA (directed data packets) from ni.

[0233] Each sending node (the first IoT node) has multiple target nodes. For a given sending node, the data packets to be transmitted for each target node are queued at the beginning of each frame (each frame within the communication timeframe of the first IoT node). Therefore, the sending node should send a DDATA to each target node to maintain a stable transmission queue. The sending node determines its action (determining the action indicated by the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node to which the action is targeted) at the start of a slot in the frame. Sensing (one action) uses one slot, while transmission (another action) uses multiple slots. A reward is provided upon completion of either sensing or transmission. Therefore, if the action is transmission, a reward of multiple slots is provided after selecting that action.

[0234] State (i.e., the network transmission state between the first IoT node and at least one IoT node):

[0235] Define the state of IoT node ni (the first IoT node) in the k-th slot (the network transmission state between the first IoT node and at least one IoT node) as si,k = {qi,k,ci,k,xi,k}, where qi,k = {qi,k,1,qi,k,2,…,qi,k,|Di|} is the set of queued data packets for each target node (the set of data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and at least one IoT node). For each data packet to be transmitted, set ci,k ∈ {NONE,BUSY,IDLE} as the sensed channel state (the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission). When no channel is detected in the previous slot, ci,k = NONE. For each data packet to be transmitted, set Xi,k to represent the number of retransmissions.

[0236] Action (i.e., the action indicated by the target transmission parameters and the target IoT node to which the action is directed):

[0237] An IoT node (the first IoT node) can sense a target node or transmit DDATA. The Action in this design model determines not only whether to transmit, but also where to transmit.

[0238] Reward: Reward function settings:

[0239] To maximize throughput, a reward is given based on the transmission length if the transmission is successful. This reward is given after the ACK (acknowledgment message) times out or after the ACK is received. For example, if a transmission occupies 5 slots and succeeds, the sending node (the first IoT node) will receive (+5) as a reward. This can be expressed as follows:

[0240] Where k' is the slot where the sending node (the first IoT node) receives a DACK (Directed Acknowledgment) or a DACK timeout occurs. k is the slot where the sending node sends data packets. ζ (0 < ζ < 1) is a reward factor designed to encourage propagation.

[0241] Figure 6 illustrates the data transmission process. In Figure 6, n1, n2, and n3 represent three IoT nodes. When k = 0 (the time slot numbered 0 in the frame, i.e., the first time slot), n1, n2, and n3 perform channel-aware processing.

[0242] Specifically, when k=1, n1 determines its action to send a data packet (DDATA) to n3 and performs data packet transmission processing. When n=6, it receives a DACK response from n3 and determines the reward to be 5 (the transmission length of the data packet); thereafter, channel awareness processing is performed in each time slot.

[0243] Specifically, when k=2, n2 determines its action to send a data packet to n3 and performs data packet transmission processing. If no DACK is received from n3 by k=7 (i.e., timeout), the reward is determined to be -5ζ; then channel awareness is re-performed. When k=9, n2 determines its action to resend the data packet to n3 and performs data packet retransmission processing. When a DACK is received from n3 at k=14, the reward is determined to be 5 (data packet transmission length); then channel awareness processing is performed on the time slot.

[0244] In this scenario, n3 receives data packets sent by n1 when k=1, and stops receiving data packets sent by n2 when k=2; then, when the data packet sent by n1 is successfully received, it returns a DACK to n1; and then performs channel sensing. Similarly, n3 receives data packets sent by n2 when k=9; then, when the data packet sent by n2 is successfully received, it returns a DACK to n2; and then performs channel sensing.

[0245] This disclosure also provides embodiments of an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the first IoT node in any of the above methods. Alternatively, another apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the target IoT node in any of the above methods.

[0246] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0247] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a Neural Network Processing Unit (NPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), or a Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU).

[0248] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first IoT node according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 7A, the first IoT node 7100 may include at least one of a transceiver module 7101, a processing module 7102, etc. The first IoT node 7100 may include:

[0249] Processing module 7102 is used to determine the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0250] The processing module 7102 is further configured to perform transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

[0251] Optionally, the network transmission status includes at least one of the following: the data packet to be transmitted, the channel status of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0252] Optionally, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node; or, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node.

[0253] Optionally, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0254] Optionally, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate at least one of the following: whether the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is perceived, and whether data packets are transmitted.

[0255] Optionally, the target transmission parameters indicate the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; the processing module 7102 is specifically used to perform sensing processing on the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0256] Optionally, the target transmission parameters indicate the data packets to be transmitted; the processing module 7102 is specifically used to perform transmission processing on the data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node.

[0257] Optionally, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0258] Optionally, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing results include successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0259] Optionally, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0260] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0261] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module may be interchangeable with a processor.

[0262] Figure 7B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the target IoT node proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 7B, the target IoT node 7200 may include at least one of a transceiver module 7201, a processing module 7202, etc. The target IoT node 7200 may include:

[0263] The transceiver module 7201 is used to receive data packets transmitted by the first IoT node; the target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

[0264] Optionally, the network transmission status includes at least one of the following: the data packet to be transmitted, the channel status of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

[0265] Optionally, the data packet to be transmitted is the data packet to be received by the target IoT node.

[0266] Optionally, the channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

[0267] Optionally, the target transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets.

[0268] Optionally, the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and a reinforcement learning model; the reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes, historical transmission parameters, and the reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters.

[0269] Optionally, the historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets; the historical processing results include successful transmission or failed transmission; the reward value for successful transmission is greater than the reward value for failed transmission.

[0270] Optionally, the reward value for successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

[0271] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0272] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module may be interchangeable with a processor.

[0273] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 8100 proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 8100 can be a first IoT node, a target IoT node, a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first IoT node in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the target IoT node in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 8100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0274] As shown in Figure 8A, the communication device 8100 includes one or more processors 8101. The processor 8101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. The communication device 8100 is used to execute any of the above methods.

[0275] In some embodiments, the communication device 8100 further includes one or more memories 8102 for storing instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 8102 may also be located outside the communication device 8100.

[0276] In some embodiments, the communication device 8100 further includes one or more transceivers 8103. When the communication device 8100 includes one or more transceivers 8103, the transceivers 8103 perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2101, S3101, S3202, S4101, S5103, but not limited thereto), and the processor 7101 performs other steps (e.g., steps S3201, S3301, S3302, S3401, S3402, S5101, S5102, but not limited thereto).

[0277] In some embodiments, a transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, etc., may be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., may be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0278] In some embodiments, the communication device 8100 may include one or more interface circuits 8104. Optionally, the interface circuit 8104 is connected to the memory 8102, and the interface circuit 8104 can be used to receive signals from the memory 8102 or other devices, and can be used to send signals to the memory 8102 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 8104 can read instructions stored in the memory 8102 and send the instructions to the processor 8101.

[0279] The communication device 8100 described in the above embodiments may be a first IoT node, a target IoT node, or a third entity, but the scope of the communication device 8100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 8100 may not be limited by FIG8A. The communication device may be a standalone device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data and programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0280] Figure 8B is a schematic diagram of the structure of chip 8200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 8100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of chip 8200 shown in Figure 8B, but it is not limited thereto.

[0281] Chip 8200 includes one or more processors 8201, which are used to perform any of the above methods.

[0282] In some embodiments, chip 8200 further includes one or more interface circuits 8202. Optionally, the interface circuit 8202 is connected to memory 8203, and the interface circuit 8202 can be used to receive signals from memory 8203 or other devices, and the interface circuit 8202 can be used to send signals to memory 8203 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 8202 can read instructions stored in memory 8203 and send the instructions to processor 8201.

[0283] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 8202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto), and the processor 8201 performs other steps.

[0284] In some embodiments, the terms interface circuit, interface, transceiver pin, transceiver, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0285] In some embodiments, chip 8200 further includes one or more memories 8203 for storing instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 8203 may be located outside of chip 8200.

[0286] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device 8100, cause the communication device 8100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0287] This disclosure also provides a program product that, when executed by the communication device 8100, causes the communication device 8100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0288] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A transmission method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a first IoT node, and the method includes: Based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node, the target IoT node and target transmission parameters are determined. Transmission control processing is performed based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network transmission status includes at least one of the following: the data packet to be transmitted, the channel status of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be sent by the first IoT node; or, the data packet to be transmitted is a data packet to be received by the first IoT node.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target transmission parameters are used to indicate at least one of the following: whether the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission is perceived, and whether data packets are transmitted.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The target transmission parameters indicate the channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission; the transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters includes: The channel state of the channel used for data packet transmission between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is sensed and processed.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The target transmission parameters indicate the data packets to be transmitted; the transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters includes: The data packets to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node are processed for transmission.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model. The reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status, historical transmission parameters, and reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmitted data packets; the historical processing results include whether the transmission was successful or failed. The reward value for a successful transmission is greater than the reward value for a failed transmission.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The reward value for a successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

11. A transmission method, characterized in that, The method is executed by the target IoT node, and the method includes: The system receives data packets transmitted by a first IoT node; the target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The network transmission status includes at least one of the following: the data packet to be transmitted, the channel status of the channel used for transmitting the data packet, and the number of retransmissions of the data packet.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The data packet to be transmitted is the data packet to be received by the target IoT node.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The channel state of the channel used for the data packet transmission includes at least one of the following: idle state, channel not detected state, and busy state.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The target transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmission of data packets.

16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The target IoT node and the target transmission parameters are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node and the reinforcement learning model. The reinforcement learning model is determined based on the historical network transmission status, historical transmission parameters, and reward values ​​of the historical processing results corresponding to the historical transmission parameters between the first IoT node and each of the second IoT nodes.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The historical transmission parameters are used to indicate the transmitted data packets; the historical processing results include whether the transmission was successful or failed. The reward value for a successful transmission is greater than the reward value for a failed transmission.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The reward value for a successful transmission is the transmission length of the transmitted data packet.

19. A transmission method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a communication system, and the method includes: The first IoT node determines the target IoT node and target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. The first IoT node performs transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters; The target IoT node receives the data packet transmitted by the first IoT node; wherein, the target transmission parameter is used to indicate the transmission of the data packet; the data packet to be transmitted between the first IoT node and the target IoT node is the data packet to be sent by the first IoT node.

20. A first Internet of Things node, characterized in that, include: The processing module is used to determine the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node. The processing module is also used to perform transmission control processing based on the target IoT node and the target transmission parameters.

21. A target Internet of Things (IoT) node, characterized in that, include: The transceiver module is used to receive data packets transmitted by the first IoT node; The target transmission parameters for the data packet transmission and the target IoT node are determined based on the network transmission status between the first IoT node and at least one second IoT node.

22. A first Internet of Things node, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; The first IoT node is used to execute the transmission method according to any one of claims 1-10.

23. A target Internet of Things (IoT) node, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; The target IoT node is used to execute the transmission method according to any one of claims 11-18.

24. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

25. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the transmission method as described in any one of claims 11-18.

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