Method and device for managing interference for non-terrestrial network-based communication

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: deriving a path loss value between a first device (100) and a second device (200); on the basis of the path loss value, determining a transmit power for a device-to-base-station transmission to be transmitted to a third device (300); and transmitting the device-to-base-station transmission to the third device (300) by using the transmit power.

Description

Interference management method and device for non-terrestrial network-based communication

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: deriving a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determining a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device based on the path loss value; and transmitting the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device can be provided. For example, the method includes: transmitting information related to a third device to a first device, wherein the information related to the third device includes a first timing advance value related to the third device; and transmitting a second timing advance value related to a second device to the first device, wherein a transmit power for a device-to-base station transmission transmitted from the first device to the third device can be determined based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit information related to a third device to a first device, wherein the information related to the third device includes a first timing advance value related to the third device; and transmit a second timing advance value related to the second device to the first device, wherein a transmit power for a device-to-base station transmission transmitted from the first device to the third device may be determined based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a service link RTT, a feeder link RTT, a reference point (RP), a common timing advance (TA), and k according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. mac and / or T TA An example of a timing relationship is shown.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a common timing advance (e.g., TA) and a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a beam search procedure and / or beam management procedure in a THz communication environment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 12 illustrates a terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) problem that a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may experience, according to the background art.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs communication with a second device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to base station-to-device communication, and a third device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to device-to-base station communication, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0032] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0033] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0034] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0035] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0036] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0038] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0041] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0042] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0043] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0046] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0047] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0048] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0049] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0050] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0052] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0053] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0054] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0055] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0056] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0057] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0058] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0059] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0061] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0062] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0063] CP type SCS (15*2u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0064] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0065] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0066] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0068] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0069] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0070] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device."

[0071] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0072] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0073] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0075] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0077] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0078] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a key role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0079] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0080] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0081] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0082] - Optical wireless technology

[0083] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0084] - Quantum communication

[0085] - Cell-free communication

[0086] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0087] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0088] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0089] - Big data analysis

[0090] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0091] - metaverse

[0092] - Blockchain

[0093] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0094] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0095] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0096] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0097] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0100] FIG. 8 illustrates a service link RTT, a feeder link RTT, a reference point (RP), a common timing advance (TA), and k according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. mac and / or T TA An example of a timing relationship for is shown. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0101] Referring to Figure 8, base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) and terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) are synchronized at a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) time synchronization reference point (RP) of N TA,offset The frames can be aligned with the offset given by .

[0102] For example, to accommodate the propagation delay of non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), a common timing advance (TA) and two offsets K offset and k mac Several timing relationships can be improved by .

[0103] For example, the common timing advance (e.g., TA) can be a set timing offset equal to the RTT between the reference point (e.g., RP) and the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) payload. For example, K offset may be a configured scheduling offset that must be greater than or equal to the sum of the service link RTT and the common timing advance (e.g., TA). For example, k mac can be a set offset that is approximately equal to the RTT between the reference point (e.g., RP) and the base station. For example, the scheduling offset K offsetcan be used to allow sufficient processing time to the terminal between base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) and terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission).

[0104] For example, K offset It can be applied to i) base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI; downlink control information) and physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH; physical uplink shared channel) transmission timing scheduled by the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI), ii) random access response (RAR) and physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission timing based on the random access response (e.g., RAR), iii) physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission timing based on a configured grant, iv) physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH; physical uplink control channel) transmission timing according to MsgB, v) aperiodic sounding reference signal (e.g., SRS; sounding reference signal) / channel state information (e.g., CSI; channel state information) resource transmission timing, etc.

[0105] For example, offset k mac can be used to delay the application of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) settings indicated by MAC control element (e.g., CE; control element) commands on a physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH; physical downlink shared channel) and / or for estimation of terminal-to-base station RTT. For example, offset k maccan be provided in the network when the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) and terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) frame timings are not aligned at the base station. For example, offset k mac can be used to determine the start time of the random access response (e.g., RAR) window / MsgB window after transmitting Msg1 / MsgA in a random access procedure.

[0106] For example, in a beam failure recovery procedure, for a random access channel (e.g., PRACH; physical random access channel) transmission in a terminal-to-base station slot (e.g., UL slot) n, the terminal transmits a random access response (e.g., RAR) window within the base station-to-terminal slot (e.g., DL slot) "n+k". mac The corresponding physical base station-to-terminal control channel (e.g., PDCCH; physical downlink control channel) starting from +4" can be monitored.

[0107] For example, for a serving cell, the network may broadcast valid ephemeris information (e.g., orbit information) and common timing advance (e.g., TA) parameters. For example, a terminal may need to have a valid global navigation satellite system (GNSS) position as well as orbit and common timing advance (e.g., TA) before connecting to a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) cell.

[0108] For example, the above-described non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) cell may refer to a network cell that is not ground-based. For example, the above-described non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) cell may refer to a network cell that provides wireless communication services through various non-terrestrial infrastructures other than ground base stations (e.g., terrestrial network (TN) cells), including satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication.

[0109] For example, to achieve synchronization, before and during connecting to a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) cell, the terminal may calculate the RTT between the terminal and a reference point (e.g., RP) based on GNSS position, orbit and / or common timing advance (e.g., TA) parameters, and the terminal may calculate T for the RTT between the terminal and the reference point (e.g., RP). TA can be compensated in advance voluntarily.

[0110] For example, a terminal can calculate the frequency Doppler shift of the service link and automatically pre-compensate for this in terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) by considering the terminal's position and orbit. For example, if a terminal does not have a valid GNSS position and / or a valid orbit and common timing advance (e.g., TA), the terminal may not transmit until both are recovered.

[0111] For example, in connected mode, the terminal can continuously update timing advance and frequency pre-compensation. For example, the terminal can be configured to report timing advance during random access procedures or in connected mode. For example, event-triggered reporting of timing advance can be supported in connected mode.

[0112] For example, cell-specific K offsetThe value can be signaled via system information (e.g., non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)-specific system information blocks (e.g., SIBs)) related to the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, a cell-specific K covering all scenarios offset The value can range from 0 to 1023 ms.

[0113] For example, differential terminal-specific K offset The value can be signaled via a MAC control element (e.g., CE). For example, a differential terminal-specific K offset The value can range from 0 to 63 ms. For example, the entire terminal-specific K offset The value is cell-specific K offset Differential terminal-specific K in value offset It can be equal to the value minus the value.

[0114] For example, offset k mac Updates may not be supported. For example, k mac The value can range from 1 to 512 ms. For example, if the terminal is k mac If the value is not provided from the network, the terminal sends k mac can be assumed to be 0.

[0115] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a common timing advance (e.g., TA) and a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 9, a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) can be obtained to compensate for transmission delay for a service link, and a common timing advance (e.g., TA) can be obtained to compensate for transmission delay between a reference point (e.g., RP) and satellites.

[0117] For example, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) based communication system, a terminal can calculate a timing advance (e.g., TA) based on its GNSS capability (e.g., terminal position) and orbit-related upper layer parameters transmitted from a base station, and call this a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA)(N UE TA,adj ) can be called.

[0118] For example, if an orbit-related upper layer parameter is not received from a base station, the terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) may be set to 0. For example, a timing advance (e.g., TA) obtained based on a common timing advance (e.g., TA) parameter (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which is an upper layer parameter transmitted from a base station, may be set to common timing advance (e.g., TA)(N common TA,adj ) can be called.

[0119] For example, if the common timing advance (e.g., TA) parameter is not transmitted from the base station, the common timing advance (e.g., TA) can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) based communication system, the overall timing advance (e.g., TA) value (T TA ) is "(N TA + N TA,offset + N common TA,adj + N UE TA,adj )*T c " can be obtained through.

[0120] For example, N TA,offset may mean a timing advance (e.g., TA) offset value provided to the terminal by serving cell, and N TAmay mean a value obtained based on a timing advance command.

[0121] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information via system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, the satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format.

[0122] For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format can be comprised of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) can be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) can be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format can be comprised of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0123] Meanwhile, transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in the THz frequency band may be inefficient because, as the beam width narrows in high-frequency bands, more beam sweeps are required to cover the entire cell area. This method of transmitting system information may be even more inefficient, particularly when there are only a few users within the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission and reception procedure, such as that illustrated in FIG. 10 , may be employed.

[0124] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0125] Although the embodiment of FIG. 10 was developed considering THz situations, it can also be applied to 6G communication environments where THz is not applied. Furthermore, the procedure described in the embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the embodiments described in the present disclosure can be performed based on system information acquired by the procedure described in the embodiment of FIG. 10.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, the second device may transmit system information related to cell #1 to the first device via cell #2. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, a TRP, a terminal, and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure.

[0127] For example, the second device may provide at least two cells, and cell #1 may use a THz frequency band, and cell #2 may use a non-THz frequency band. Here, for example, the system information may include at least one of a system frame number (SFN) generated in a higher layer, a control channel for SIB1 (e.g., a physical base station-to-terminal control channel (e.g., PDCCH), a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH), a physical terminal-to-terminal control channel (e.g., PSCCH)), cell barring, cell re-selection, and / or subcarrier spacing, and may include at least one of an SFN, a half frame indicator, and / or a synchronization signal block (SSB) index generated in a physical layer. For this purpose, for example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship of a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0128] In step S1020, the first device can acquire synchronization for cell #1. For example, synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information. However, since system information related to cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, the first device can acquire synchronization based on the system information. However, unlike FIG. 10, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step S1010, for example.

[0129] In step S1030, the first device may transmit a signal to the second device for accessing cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. For example, the structure of the signal and / or the resources (e.g., channels) for transmitting the signal may be identified through system information.

[0130] Thereafter, in step S1040, the first device and the second device can perform a connection procedure for cell #1, and the first device and the second device can perform communication. In this step, operations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure can be performed.

[0131] The procedure described in the embodiment of FIG. 10 may be performed when the first device initially connects to cell #1 of the second device. Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the first device hands over to cell #1 of the second device. However, in the case of a handover, system information related to cell #1 may be received from a cell of a device other than cell #2 of the second device.

[0132] Meanwhile, in THz band communications, for example, it is expected that the signal (or transmission) will experience very severe path loss, and to overcome this, the first device and / or the second device need to use a very sharp beam.

[0133] For example, the use of sharp beams may mean that the first device and / or the second device must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used may be very large.

[0134] Therefore, it may take a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the first device and the second device. In addition, if the beam alignment between the first device and the second device is misaligned due to movement or motion of the first device and / or the second device, the link may become unstable because frequent time is required to re-align the beams. Accordingly, a beam management procedure such as that illustrated in FIG. 11 below may be used.

[0135] FIG. 11 illustrates a beam search procedure and / or beam management procedure in a THz communication environment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0136] The embodiment of FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but the embodiment of FIG. 11 is not limited to a THz environment and can also be applied to a 6G communication environment.

[0137] In the present disclosure, beam may be interpreted or replaced with other terms having equivalent technical meanings that can distinguish beams, such as spatial domain filter, spatial domain transmit filter, spatial domain receive filter, reference signal for distinguishing beams, and / or SSB index.

[0138] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the second device can configure resources for beam management to the first device. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, a TRP, a terminal, and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure.

[0139] Here, for example, the resource may include at least one of a time-frequency resource, a channel, and / or a spatial resource (e.g., an antenna port).

[0140] For example, the second device may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from an existing channel / signal (e.g., a base station-to-terminal channel / signal (e.g., a DL channel / signal)) for beam search. Here, for example, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search.

[0141] For example, the dedicated port may be a different port from a port for transmitting existing channels / signals (e.g., SSB, physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH), etc.). For example, BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0142] In step S1120, the second device may transmit measurement signals to the first device using a plurality of transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and / or a synchronization signal. At this time, for example, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and may be transmitted in a multi-beam transmission method that forms a plurality of beams simultaneously to reduce a sweeping time. Here, for example, the multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and / or a true time delay (TTD).

[0143] In step S1130, the first device may transmit a feedback signal to the second device. For example, the feedback signal may indicate at least one beam selected by the first device. For example, the first device may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step S1120.

[0144] In step S1140, the first device and the second device can perform communication. At this time, for example, the first device and the second device can perform communication using the beam selected in step S1130. For example, if channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the first device can also be determined through steps S1120 and S1130, and thus the transmission operation of the first device can also be performed using the beam selected in step S1130. For example, if channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmitting measurement signals of the first device and transmitting feedback signals of the second device may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the first device. In step S1140, operations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure can be performed.

[0145] Meanwhile, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication method, interference between terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL-UL interference) at a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may be excessive due to terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) from terminals belonging to different cells (e.g., due to the omni-directional form of terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission).

[0146] More specifically, for example, in a situation where the distance between a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a terminal is far and / or in a LOS environment, even when the terminals are located far apart or have different serving cells, the magnitude of a terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) from a target terminal and the magnitude of a terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) from a non-target terminal may be similar from the perspective of a specific cell.

[0147] For example, if the terminal-to-base station traffic (e.g., UL traffic) is small, this may not be a big problem, but if the next system considers heavy traffic (e.g., UL-heavy traffic) of terminal-to-base station communication, the above terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) problem may arise.

[0148] Figure 12 illustrates a terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) problem that a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may experience according to the background art. The embodiment of Figure 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 12, RF circuits for terminal-to-base station reception (e.g., UL reception) at the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) end may be adjacent to each other, and terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) transmitted from different cells may cause high interference between each other at the single non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) end.

[0150] For example, in a terrestrial network (e.g., TN) according to existing technology, there was a situation where an edge (e.g., cell edge) terminal (edge ​​UE) could cause terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) to multiple cells, and in the above situation, the reception power of the edge terminal for the terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) was at a minor level.

[0151] However, for example, in the case of non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication, a terminal-to-base station signal (e.g., UL signal) that generates relatively strong reception power (compared to other terminal-to-base station signals (e.g., UL signals)) of a terminal belonging to the nadir may again generate strong terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) in the cell associated with the edge.

[0152] Additionally, in terrestrial networks (e.g., TN), the situation where an edge terminal can only affect adjacent cells (e.g., a few cells) can be expanded to a situation where it can affect tens or hundreds of cells in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), depending on the terminal-to-base station reception (e.g., UL reception) structure of the satellite.

[0153] Therefore, for example, when a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) or a base station node performs terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) detection / decoding operation for each cell or carrier, terminal-to-base station signals (e.g., UL signals) for different cells or carriers may act as interference, making detection / decoding of a desired terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) inefficient.

[0154] For example, when non-terrestrial network nodes (e.g., NTN nodes) or base stations nodes jointly perform detection / decoding operations for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) for all cells or carriers (where terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) transmissions occur and / or where the time-frequency domain overlaps entirely or at least partially), mutual terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) can be efficiently mitigated or managed (based on a similar method as the detection operation in MU-MIMO).

[0155] Meanwhile, as the number of jointly processed terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) cells or carriers or terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) beam footprints or terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) increases, the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) detection / decoding complexity may increase significantly, and thus it may be required to reduce the number of jointly processed terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) to a certain level (e.g., 4 or 8).

[0156] Meanwhile, for MU-MIMO reception operations (joint detection / decoding of terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) that are wholly or partially overlapping in time and / or frequency resources and / or transmitted in different spatial domain resources) across multiple (non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) cells or carriers or beam footprints, it may be necessary to maintain orthogonality between demodulation reference signals (e.g., DMRS) for terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals).

[0157] For example, methods for managing the number of terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) transmissions overlapping time-frequency resources between different terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) cells or carriers on a particular non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may include frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and / or code division multiplexing (CDM).

[0158] For example, in case of regenerative payload, a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may act as a base station, and in such a situation, the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may select whether the scheduled-based terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) and / or the higher layer configured terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) overlap with each other in time-frequency resources (if necessary) between different cells or carriers.

[0159] For example, a terminal may be configured by a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) with a time interval during which terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) for a specific terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) cell or carrier is possible on a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and / or the terminal may not expect the base station node or the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) to perform terminal-to-base station reception (e.g., UL reception) outside of the above time interval. For example, the time interval information may include a period, a (start) time offset, and / or an active time interval length.

[0160] Meanwhile, in the case of a transparent payload in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication method, the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and the base station node may be separated, and a specific non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may exchange base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication), terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication), and other non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) control information with multiple base station nodes through a feeder link.

[0161] For example, in the above case, scheduling information may not be exchanged dynamically between base station nodes, and depending on the situation, terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) transmission to different base station nodes at the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) level may cause high interference between each other.

[0162] For example, the activation time interval region information (in which terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) is possible) set for the (terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication)) cell and / or (terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication)) carrier may be linked to a specific terminal-to-base station partial bandwidth (e.g., UL BWP), and / or the terminal may change the corresponding activation time interval region information according to a change in the activated terminal-to-base station partial bandwidth (e.g., UL BWP).

[0163] For example, the terminal may receive, from a base station node and / or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., an NTN node), information on an activation time interval region (in which terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) is possible) set for a plurality of (terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication)) cells and / or (terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication)) carriers, and information on terminal-to-base station partial bandwidth (e.g., UL BWP) linked to each activation time interval region information, and / or the terminal may activate / switch the corresponding terminal-to-base station partial bandwidth (e.g., UL BWP) according to the activation time interval region.

[0164] Meanwhile, upon initial connection, (when transmitting a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) before a set of Msg4 and / or dedicated physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resources is provided via RRC), the terminal can derive physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resources based on a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resource indicator indicated via a predefined method and / or base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0165] For example, the above-described method may include a method of deriving a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resource or a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resource offset based on a physical base station-to-terminal control channel (e.g., PDCCH) resource, a control channel element (CCE) associated with a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH), and a physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) resource associated with a physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH).

[0166] Meanwhile, in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)-based communication method, the initial access signal transmission may be performed after the terminal performs i) a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) compensation based on the distance between the terminal's location and the location of the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) or RTT, and / or ii) a common timing advance (e.g., TA) compensation based on the distance between the location of the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) synchronization reference location or RTT, and thus, when the base station-to-terminal frame (e.g., DL frame) boundaries are aligned between different base station-to-terminal cells (e.g., DL cells) supported by the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), the initial access signal may also be temporally overlapped between different cells or carriers.

[0167] For example, in the case of non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication methods, the service area can be vast, and accordingly, the number of cells or beam footprints supported by a single non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) can also be quite large. In the above situation, it may be difficult to completely avoid collisions between initial access signal resources between different cells, and a situation may arise where an initial access signal for a different cell is mistaken for an initial access signal for the target cell.

[0168] For example, the terminal may transmit cell information associated with the initial access signal to a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) or base station node when transmitting an initial access signal or during an initial access procedure.

[0169] For example, the information associated with the cell may be a cell ID, and / or may be cell-specific information provided to the terminal by a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) as initial access signal related settings or system information.

[0170] For example, the cell information associated with the initial access signal of the terminal may be included in Msg3 (an initial access channel (message) transmitted by the terminal after transmitting the initial access signal and receiving a response to the initial access signal), may be included in a physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) (MsgA) transmitted together with the initial access signal, and / or may be implicitly indicated in a transmission form such as a sequence seed value and / or a cyclic shift value of the initial access signal.

[0171] Meanwhile, transmission channels for synchronization signals and / or physical broadcast channels (e.g., PBCH) and / or system information blocks (e.g., SIB) received from different non-terrestrial network nodes (e.g., NTN nodes) for the same cell may be different for each non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and / or may be distinguished at the terminal end.

[0172] For example, the synchronization signal sequence may be determined based on information about the cell ID, information about the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and / or information about the beam footprint.

[0173] For example, information about a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) transmitting a synchronization signal and / or a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) may be indicated via a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH).

[0174] For example, when a terminal is provided with switching information from a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), it may be provided (together) with synchronization signal sequence information and / or physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) indicator information to be transmitted by the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) to be switched.

[0175] For example, synchronization signals and / or physical broadcast channels (e.g., PBCH) transmitted by non-terrestrial network nodes (e.g., NTN nodes) may be different or distinct depending on the time interval and / or whether it is the initial connection time or the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) switching time.

[0176] For example, in the above-described distinguished manner, whether or not to transmit a synchronization signal and / or a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) and the transmission resources may be separately set, predefined, or distinguished according to the purpose. Through this, the terminal can distinguish the synchronization signals between non-terrestrial network nodes (e.g., NTN nodes) when switching while maintaining the cell ID.

[0177] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) that transmits a base station-to-terminal channel / signal (e.g., DL channel / signal) for a specific cell or carrier (or reflects a base station-to-terminal channel / signal (e.g., DL channel / signal) transmitted from a feeder link) and a second serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) that receives a terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) (or reflects a terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) via a feeder link) may be different. According to the above scheme, for example, terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) for multiple cells or carriers may be reduced.

[0178] Meanwhile, in the above situation, the method of applying timing advance (e.g., TA) for terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) and / or the relationship between base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) may need to be redefined.

[0179] For example, the terminal may receive a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) from a first serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and / or transmit a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) to a second serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and / or the terminal may be provided with distance or RTT-based common timing advance (e.g., TA) related information between a second serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) synchronization reference point, and / or ephemeris information associated with the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), from the first serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0180] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first base station node may derive information on a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) synchronization reference point in time based on information such as a distance (or RTT) between a location of the first base station node and a reference terminal location within a specific cell or carrier, a distance (or RTT) between a location of a second base station node and the reference terminal location, and / or a difference between a boundary (start and / or end) of a frame / subframe / slot of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) of the first base station node and a boundary (start and / or end) of a frame / subframe / slot of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) of the second base station node, and / or provide the related information to the terminal.

[0181] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal may apply a common timing advance (e.g., TA) for the second serving non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), a distance between the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and the location of the terminal, or a terminal-specific timing advance (e.g., TA) based on a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) synchronization signal received from the first base station node, frame / subframe / slot boundary (start and / or end) information of the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) based on the signal, and / or information about the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) synchronization reference time point.

[0182] For example, the terminal can perform terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) (to a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node)) by applying the timing advance (e.g., TA) based on the determined base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) synchronization point in time.

[0183] Meanwhile, in the above case, the boundary of the frame / slot / symbol of the base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) for the same cell may not be aligned with the boundary of the frame / slot / symbol of the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication), and in the above case, a method for applying a time offset between the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI; downlink control information) or the terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant) and the corresponding physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) and / or the time offset between the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) or the physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the corresponding physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) may need to be defined.

[0184] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in case of terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant)-to-physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) timing, the terminal may apply a time offset (slot offset) based on an earliest or latest slot among terminal-to-base station slots (e.g., UL slots) based on a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) that overlaps a base station-to-terminal slot (e.g., DL slot) or a base station-to-terminal symbol (e.g., DL symbol) in which the terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant) is received from a first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and / or the slot that serves as the reference may correspond to a slot offset value of 0.

[0185] For example, the terminal may determine the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) timing based on a physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) timing offset value indicated in a terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant), an offset value (K_offset) set by the base station node, and / or a sum of the above, and / or the offset value (K_offset) set by the base station node may be different and / or may be set independently for a first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) transmitting the terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant) and a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) receiving the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH).

[0186] For example, this may be because i) the RTT between a terminal and a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) based on a first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and ii) the RTT between a terminal and a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) based on a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may be different from each other.

[0187] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may instruct / set information related to a target non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) to which a terminal will transmit a physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) through a terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant), or information equivalent thereto.

[0188] For example, the activated UE-to-UE partial bandwidth (e.g., UL BWP) associated with a physical UE-to-UE shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) may each be associated with or correspond to a specific non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0189] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case of base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI)-to-terminal-to-base station control information (e.g., UCI; uplink control information (e.g., HARQ-ACK feedback and / or channel state information (e.g., CSI) report) transmission, or physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH)-to-terminal-to-base station control information (e.g., UCI) transmission timing, the terminal receives the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) or the physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) from a first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) based on an earliest or latest slot among terminal-to-base station slots (e.g., UL slots) relative to a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) that overlaps with a base station-to-terminal slot (e.g., DL slot) or a base station-to-terminal symbol (e.g., DL symbol). An offset (slot offset) may be applied, and / or the slot referred to above may correspond to slot offset 0.

[0190] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal-to-base station control information (eg, UCI) transmission timing can be determined based on a terminal-to-base station control information (eg, UCI) transmission timing offset value indicated in base station-to-terminal control information (eg, DCI) or physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (eg, PDSCH) (at the terminal end), an offset value (K_offset) set by the base station node, and / or a sum of the above, and / or the offset value (K_offset) set by the base station node can be different and / or set independently for a first non-terrestrial network node (eg, NTN node) that transmits the base station-to-terminal control information (eg, DCI) or physical base station-to-terminal shared channel (eg, PDSCH) and a second non-terrestrial network node (eg, NTN node) that receives the terminal-to-base station control information (eg, UCI).

[0191] This may be because the RTT between a terminal and a base station node (or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node)) based on the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and the RTT between a terminal and a base station node (or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node)) based on the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) may be different from each other.

[0192] Below, examples related to processing time budget may be provided.

[0193] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in case of a terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant)-to-physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH), the time from (the end of) the time at which the terminal receives the terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant) to the time at which the terminal transmits the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) (after application of timing advance (e.g., TA)) includes: i) a processing time for terminal-to-base station grant (e.g., UL grant) decoding, ii) a processing time for physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) preparation (including physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) encoding and power control, etc.), iii) exchange of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) scheduling information between different non-terrestrial network nodes (e.g., NTN nodes). and the time for processing, and / or iv) may be set / instructed to be greater than and / or equal to the sum of the above combinations.

[0194] Below, embodiments related to power control may be provided.

[0195] Meanwhile, if the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) receiving base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) and the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) that is the target of terminal-to-base station reception (e.g., UL reception) are different, terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) power control based on path loss estimated based on base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL RS) may be inaccurate.

[0196] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a terminal performs base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception) from a first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and / or performs terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), the terminal receives i) a path loss estimation value based on a base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL RS) received from the first node (e.g., a value calculated by the terminal based on a (configured) reference power value for the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL RS) and / or a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value based on the base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL RS), ii) a (terminal-specific and / or common and / or aggregate thereof) timing advance (e.g., TA) value for the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), iii) a timing advance (e.g., TA) value between the terminal and the first non-terrestrial network node. iv) a (terminal-specific and / or common and / or aggregated) timing advance (e.g., TA) value for a second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), v) and / or a distance estimation value between the terminal and the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), and transmit power control for a terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) targeting the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) can be performed based on the distance estimation value between the terminal and the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0197] For example, the terminal may determine the transmission power of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) for the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) by applying an offset value determined based on the difference between a timing advance (e.g., TA) value for the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a timing advance (e.g., TA) value for the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) to the estimated path loss value based on the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node). For example, the terminal may perform the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) using the determined transmission power.

[0198] For example, the terminal may determine the transmission power of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) for the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) by applying an offset value determined based on the difference between the distance (or RTT) value to the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and the distance (or RTT) value to the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) to the estimated path loss value based on the first non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node). For example, the terminal may perform the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) using the determined transmission power.

[0199] For example, the terminal may determine the transmission power of the terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) for the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) using an offset determined based on a timing advance (e.g., TA) value for the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and / or a distance (or RTT) value to the second non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0200] For example, the terminal may receive ephemeris information (and / or non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) configuration information) for base station-to-terminal reception (e.g., DL reception), ephemeris information (and / or non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) configuration information) for terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission), and / or relationship information between a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) for base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) and a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) from a base station node or a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0201] For example, this may be a method to support orthogonality of demodulation reference signals (e.g., DMRS) between different terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) cells (or carriers) on a specific non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0202] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs communication with a second device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to base station-to-device communication, and a third device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to device-to-base station communication, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0203] Referring to FIG. 13, a second device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to base station-to-device communication, a third device, which is a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) device dedicated to device-to-base station communication, and a first device that performs communication with the two devices are shown. For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, in the present embodiment, the second device and the third device are exemplified and described as non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) devices (e.g., base stations), but the concept of the present embodiment can be extended and applied to terrestrial network (e.g., TN) devices (e.g., base stations).

[0204] In step S1310, the second device may transmit information related to the third device to the first device. This may be because, for example, the third device operates exclusively for device-to-base station communication, and thus cannot transmit information related to itself to the first device.

[0205] In step S1320, the first device can derive a path loss between itself and the second device. For example, the path loss can be derived based on various embodiments described in the present disclosure. For example, the path loss can be derived based on a reference signal (e.g., RS) associated with the second device.

[0206] In step S1330, the first device can determine the transmission power of the device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to the third device. Here, the first device can determine the transmission power based on the derived path loss. That is, the transmission power determined here can be determined based on the transmission power of the transmission to be transmitted to the third device, or a parameter (e.g., path loss) related to a second device other than the third device.

[0207] In step S1340, the first device can perform device-to-base station transmission (or device-to-base station transmission) based on the determined transmission power.

[0208] Through the above embodiment, even in a situation where the third device cannot directly provide its own information, the first device can receive necessary information through the second device and appropriately set the transmission power to be used for device-to-base station transmission.

[0209] In particular, according to the present embodiment, the first device can secure a transmission quality above a certain level even in the absence of direct link quality information about the third device by calculating the transmission power based on the path loss with respect to the second device. This can reduce the complexity of system implementation and increase operational efficiency by enabling stable terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)-based environment without a relay device or additional network infrastructure.

[0210] Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the problem of communication not being able to be performed smoothly if the network performs both transmission and reception operations, which can occur when excessive LOS is secured due to the nature of non-terrestrial networks, can be solved by introducing a device that only receives terminal-to-base station communications. Furthermore, the idea of ​​the present embodiment can be extended to a communication environment based on a terrestrial network (e.g., TN), and a flexible communication control method applicable across various network topologies can be provided.

[0211] Meanwhile, in order to use the MU-MIMO detection / decoding method for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) in a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), it may be necessary for all (or part) of the demodulation reference signal (e.g., DMRS) sequences between different terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) at the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) to overlap in terms of time and / or frequency resources, and / or at least terminal-to-base station slots (e.g., UL slots) and / or symbols (and / or subframes, and / or frames) to be aligned, or boundaries for the time units to be mutually aligned.

[0212] Meanwhile, if the operation of the MU-MIMO detection / decoding method for terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) is performed at the base station node, the above conditions or restrictions may be replaced by those satisfied at the base station node level.

[0213] Meanwhile, (in the case of an FDD system) it may not always be guaranteed that the frame / slot / symbol boundaries of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) or terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) are aligned between cells, and in the above case, the frames / slots / symbols of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) between different cells may not be aligned at the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) end or the base station node end.

[0214] For example, a terminal may perform terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) in a form that excludes some time and / or frequency resources from the terminal-to-base station transmission resources (e.g., UL transmission resources).

[0215] For example, information on whether to exclude some of the terminal-to-base station transmission resources (e.g., UL transmission resources) and / or information on target excluded resources can be indicated by the base station node and / or non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) through base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) and / or set by RRC.

[0216] For example, the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) may be base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) that schedules terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission).

[0217] For example, the above-described excluded resources may be used to avoid overlapping between a demodulation reference signal (e.g., DMRS) of a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) transmitted on a different cell or carrier and the terminal-to-base station transmission resources (e.g., UL transmission resources) of the terminal.

[0218] For example, the transmission resource exclusion method may be performed in the form of puncturing after the terminal maps the coded modulated symbol for terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission), or may be performed in the form of mapping the coded modulated symbol to the remaining allocated resources after transmission resource exclusion, or may be performed in the form of rate-matching.

[0219] For example, when performing terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission), the terminal may change the position (in time) within the allocated resource of the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., PUSCH DMRS) and / or the physical terminal-to-base station control channel (e.g., PUCCH) while maintaining the pattern of the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUSCH DMRS) and / or the physical terminal-to-base station control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUCCH DMRS).

[0220] For example, the terminal may i) receive from the base station a time reference point and / or an offset value for the reference point (in the form of a base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) indication and / or an RRC setting) when mapping a physical terminal-to-base station shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUSCH DMRS) and / or a physical terminal-to-base station control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUCCH DMRS), ii) determine a position of the physical terminal-to-base station shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUSCH DMRS) and / or a physical terminal-to-base station control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PUCCH DMRS), and / or iii) perform terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) based thereon.

[0221] This may be because terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) transmissions associated with different cells may not have their slot boundaries aligned on the base station node (or non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node)), and even in such cases, it may be necessary to align the positions of demodulation reference signals (e.g., DMRS) between different terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) or to avoid each other (during MU-MIMO detection / decoding operations).

[0222] Meanwhile, in a case where there is no resource overlap and interference between transmissions of terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) associated with different cells, a terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channels / signals) associated with a specific cell received by a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) at an antenna panel for multiple cells can be used again to enhance detection / decoding of the terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channels / signals).

[0223] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to control interference between terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) for different cells, such as in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme or superposition coding scheme, the difference in mutual received power may need to be greater than a certain threshold. For example, this may be for subsequent successive interference cancellation (SIC).

[0224] For example, the received power difference of the superimposed signals can be realized by adjusting the setting value for the nominal power term for the terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) for different cells.

[0225] Meanwhile, in the case of terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power, the maximum terminal transmission power may be set as an upper limit, and in the case of terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) transmitted according to the upper limit, the difference in reception power between the overlapping signals may not be sufficiently large.

[0226] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an operation for controlling terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) between different cells and / or terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) satellite beams (footprints) in at least a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) is activated, a terminal may omit actual transmission of all or part of a terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal) corresponding to a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) power value determined / set to an upper limit (maximum terminal transmission power) and / or a value higher than this.

[0227] For example, if an operation for controlling terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) between different cells and / or terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) satellite beams (footprints) is activated at least in a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), the terminal may omit actual transmission of all or part of the corresponding terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal)(s) if the requested transmission power value for the terminal-to-base station channel / signal (e.g., UL channel / signal)(s) is greater than or equal to a certain threshold value (a threshold value set and / or indicated by the base station node) relative to an upper bound value (maximum terminal transmission power).

[0228] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided to enable physical random access channels (e.g., RACH) to be distinguished for multiple terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) cells or satellite beams (footprints) associated with a specific non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0229] For example, even if it is possible to set a root index and / or a restricted set of cyclic shifts and / or a cyclic shift step size for physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) transmissions for different cells, the actual set of supportable cyclic shifts may be different.

[0230] For example, the terminal may be configured with respect to a physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) configuration, a (starting) root index used in deriving a physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) sequence, whether a cyclic shift is a restricted set (and / or type), a cyclic shift step size, and / or an additional cyclic shift offset value.

[0231] For example, the terminal may derive a single or multiple physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) sequences by generating a sequence based on a root index, performing DFT precoding on the sequence, applying a cyclic shift offset, and / or applying a cyclic shift in integer multiples of the cyclic shift step size.

[0232] For example, the process of deriving a restricted set when a terminal derives a physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) sequence may be performed after applying an additional cyclic shift offset and / or considering a form in which an additional cyclic shift is applied.

[0233] Through the above method, even when the cyclic shift step size is the same, the set of cyclic shift values ​​that can be finally applied can be made different between cells, and in a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), physical random access channel (e.g., RACH) transmissions for different cells can be distinguished according to the cyclic shift combination.

[0234] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, changing the antenna port may correspond to changing the random seed of the sequence for the demodulation reference signal (e.g., DMRS), the sequence index, the cyclic shift value, and / or the time (and / or frequency axis) OCC applied to the sequence, and vice versa, and the corresponding relationship may also be extended from the idea of ​​the present disclosure.

[0235] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, cell-by-cell or cell-to-cell relationships can be extended to beam footprint-by-beam footprint relationships, and the ideas of the present disclosure can be applied / understood to such extensions.

[0236] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the cell-by-cell or cell-by-cell relationship can be extended to a carrier-by-carrier or carrier-by-carrier relationship, and the ideas of the present disclosure can be applied / understood to the above extension.

[0237] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for managing terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) over a service link (e.g., a link between a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a terminal) associated with different cells (or carriers) can be extended and / or applied to a method for managing base station-to-terminal channels / signals (e.g., DL channels / signals) and / or terminal-to-base station channels / signals (e.g., UL channels / signals) over a feeder link (a link between a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node) and a (terrestrial) gateway (e.g., GW)) associated with different cells (or carriers).

[0238] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, at a specific non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node), there may be an effect of reducing or managing mutual terminal-to-base station interference (e.g., UL interference) for a plurality of different cells supported by the non-terrestrial network node (e.g., NTN node).

[0239] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (e.g., DL communication, UE-to-UE communication, UE-to-UE communication, UE-to-SL communication), data type (e.g., system information block (e.g., SIB), groupcast, unicast), search space type (e.g., CSS, USS) in which scheduling physical base station-to-UE control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is detected, base station node type, altitude, and / or power constraint. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when related to system information block (e.g., SIB) transmission.

[0240] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) can refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communications, but is not located on the ground but rather in the air or orbit. For example, NTNs can include drones, satellites, and other devices. Depending on the payload type, these networks can also include transparent payload networks and regenerative payload networks.

[0241] Meanwhile, for non-terrestrial network-based communications, the number of cells with line of sight (LOS) may increase excessively, exacerbating interference issues between terminal-to-base station transmissions. To address this, a method may be needed to offload terminal-to-base station traffic by defining dedicated networks for base station-to-terminal communications and terminal-to-base station communications.

[0242] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, transmission power associated with a terminal-to-base station communication-only network is obtained from a path loss value associated with a base station-to-terminal communication-only network (based on a path loss value and / or an offset and / or a timing advance value, etc.), and terminal-to-base station communication can be performed based on the path loss value.

[0243] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an effect can be achieved in which interference problems between terminal-to-base station transmissions can be alleviated by defining a dedicated terminal-to-base station communication network and allowing it to operate normally.

[0244] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or procedures of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0245] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the first device can derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device. In step S1420, the first device can determine transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device based on the path loss value. In step S1430, the first device can transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0246] For example, additionally, the first device may: receive information related to the third device from the second device.

[0247] For example, the information associated with the third device may include ephemeris information associated with the third device.

[0248] For example, the information associated with the third device may include a first timing advance value associated with the third device.

[0249] For example, additionally, the first device may receive, from the second device, a second timing advance value associated with the second device. For example, the transmit power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be determined based on a difference between the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

[0250] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be derived based on information related to the third device.

[0251] For example, the offset value may be determined based on a difference between a first distance between the first device and the second device and a second distance between the first device and the third device.

[0252] For example, the second device may be a dedicated base station-to-device communication network.

[0253] For example, the third device may be a dedicated device-to-base station communication network.

[0254] For example, additionally, the first device may: receive a reference signal from the second device. For example, the path loss value may be derived based on the reference signal.

[0255] For example, the path loss value may be derived based on at least one of a reference power value associated with the reference signal or a reference signal reception power value associated with the reference signal.

[0256] For example, additionally, the first device may: receive, from the second device, information related to an association between the second device and the third device.

[0257] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can derive a path loss value between the first device (100) and the second device (200). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can determine the transmission power for the device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to the third device (300) based on the path loss value. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device (300) using the transmission power.

[0258] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0259] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive information relating to the third device from the second device.

[0260] For example, the information associated with the third device may include ephemeris information associated with the third device.

[0261] For example, the information associated with the third device may include a first timing advance value associated with the third device.

[0262] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, a second timing advance value associated with the second device. For example, the transmit power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be determined based on a difference between the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

[0263] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be derived based on information related to the third device.

[0264] For example, the offset value may be determined based on a difference between a first distance between the first device and the second device and a second distance between the first device and the third device.

[0265] For example, the second device may be a dedicated base station-to-device communication network.

[0266] For example, the third device may be a dedicated device-to-base station communication network.

[0267] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive a reference signal from the second device. For example, the path loss value may be derived based on the reference signal.

[0268] For example, the path loss value may be derived based on at least one of a reference power value associated with the reference signal or a reference signal reception power value associated with the reference signal.

[0269] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, information relating to an association between the second device and the third device.

[0270] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0271] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; determine, based on the path loss value, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device; and transmit the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

[0272] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or procedures of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0273] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, the second device may transmit information related to a third device to the first device. For example, the information related to the third device may include a first timing advance value related to the third device. In step S1520, the second device may transmit a second timing advance value related to the second device to the first device. For example, based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device, a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission from the first device to the third device may be determined.

[0274] For example, additionally, the second device may receive or obtain information related to the third device from the third device.

[0275] For example, the information associated with the third device may include ephemeris information associated with the third device.

[0276] For example, the information associated with the third device may include a first timing advance value associated with the third device.

[0277] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be determined based on a difference between the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

[0278] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be derived based on information related to the third device.

[0279] For example, the offset value may be determined based on a difference between a first distance between the first device and the second device and a second distance between the first device and the third device.

[0280] For example, the first device may be a ground (or non-ground) terminal.

[0281] For example, the second device may be a dedicated base station-to-device communication network.

[0282] For example, the third device may be a dedicated device-to-base station communication network.

[0283] For example, additionally, the second device may: transmit a reference signal to the first device. For example, the path loss value may be derived based on the reference signal.

[0284] For example, the path loss value may be derived based on at least one of a reference power value associated with the reference signal or a reference signal reception power value associated with the reference signal.

[0285] For example, additionally, the second device may: transmit to the first device information related to the association between the second device and the third device.

[0286] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to the third device (300) to the first device (100). For example, the information related to the third device (300) can include a first timing advance value related to the third device (300). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a second timing advance value related to the second device (200) to the first device (100). For example, based on the path loss value between the first device (100) and the second device (200), the transmission power for device-to-base station transmission from the first device (100) to the third device (300) can be determined.

[0287] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit information related to a third device to a first device, wherein the information related to the third device includes a first timing advance value related to the third device; and transmit a second timing advance value related to the second device to the first device, wherein a transmit power for a device-to-base station transmission transmitted from the first device to the third device may be determined based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device.

[0288] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: receive or obtain information related to the third device from the third device.

[0289] For example, the information associated with the third device may include ephemeris information associated with the third device.

[0290] For example, the information associated with the third device may include a first timing advance value associated with the third device.

[0291] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be determined based on a difference between the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

[0292] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on the path loss value and the offset value, and the offset value may be derived based on information related to the third device.

[0293] For example, the offset value may be determined based on a difference between a first distance between the first device and the second device and a second distance between the first device and the third device.

[0294] For example, the first device may be a ground (or non-ground) terminal.

[0295] For example, the second device may be a dedicated base station-to-device communication network.

[0296] For example, the third device may be a dedicated device-to-base station communication network.

[0297] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to transmit a reference signal to the first device. For example, the path loss value may be derived based on the reference signal.

[0298] For example, the path loss value may be derived based on at least one of a reference power value associated with the reference signal or a reference signal reception power value associated with the reference signal.

[0299] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to transmit to the first device information relating to an association between the second device and the third device.

[0300] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0301] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0302] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0303] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0304] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0305] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0306] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0307] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0308] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0309] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0310] Referring to FIG. 17, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 16.

[0311] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0312] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0313] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0314] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0315] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0316] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0317] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0318] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0319] Referring to FIG. 18, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 18 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. The hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17.

[0320] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0321] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0322] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0323] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 18. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 17) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0324] Figure 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 16). The embodiment of Figure 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0325] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 17 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 17. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0326] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 16, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 16, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 16, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 16, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 16, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 16, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 16, 400), a base station (Fig. 16, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0327] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0328] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 19 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0329] FIG. 20 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0330] Referring to FIG. 20, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0331] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0332] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0333] The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of deriving a path loss value between a first device and the second device; A step of determining a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to a third device based on the above path loss value; and A method comprising the step of transmitting the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the transmission power.

2. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving information related to the third device from the second device.

3. In paragraph 2, A method wherein the information related to the third device includes ephemeris information related to the third device.

4. In paragraph 2, A method wherein the information related to the third device includes a first timing advance value related to the third device.

5. In paragraph 4, Further comprising the step of receiving a second timing advance value associated with the second device from the second device, The above transmission power is determined based on the path loss value and offset value, and A method wherein the offset value is determined based on the difference between the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

6. In paragraph 1, The above transmission power is determined based on the path loss value and offset value, and A method wherein the above offset value is derived based on information related to the third device.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the offset value is determined based on a difference between a first distance between the first device and the second device and a second distance between the first device and the third device.

8. In paragraph 1, The method wherein the second device is a network dedicated to base station-to-device communication.

9. In paragraph 1, The method wherein the third device is a dedicated device-to-base station communication network.

10. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving a reference signal from the second device, A method in which the above path loss value is derived based on the above reference signal.

11. In paragraph 10, A method wherein the path loss value is derived based on at least one of a reference power value associated with the reference signal or a reference signal reception power value associated with the reference signal.

12. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving information related to a relationship between the second device and the third device from the second device.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: To derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; Based on the above path loss value, determine the transmission power for the device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to the third device; and A first device that transmits the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the above transmission power.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: To derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; Based on the above path loss value, determine the transmission power for the device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to the third device; and A processing device that transmits the device-to-base station transmission to the third device using the above transmission power.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: To derive a path loss value between the first device and the second device; Based on the above path loss value, determine the transmission power for the device-to-base station transmission to be transmitted to the third device; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that causes the third device to transmit the device-to-base station transmission using the above transmission power.

17. In the method, Transmit information related to the third device to the first device, The information related to the third device comprises a first timing advance value related to the third device; and comprising the step of transmitting a second timing advance value related to a second device to the first device, A method in which a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission from the first device to the third device is determined based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device.

18. In paragraph 17, The above transmission power is determined based on the path loss value and offset value, and A method wherein the above offset value is derived based on information related to the third device.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: To transmit information related to the third device to the first device, The information related to the third device includes a first timing advance value related to the third device; and To transmit a second timing advance value related to the second device to the first device, A second device, wherein a transmission power for a device-to-base station transmission from the first device to the third device is determined based on a path loss value between the first device and the second device.

20. In paragraph 19, The above transmission power is determined based on the path loss value and offset value, and A second device, wherein the above offset value is derived based on information related to the third device.

Images