Paging response based on paging distinction information

Abstract

A method and apparatus for paging response based on paging distinction information is provided. A device receives a first trigger message including target information, responds to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device, and receives a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information. The device determines whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

Description

PAGING RESPONSE BASED ON PAGING DISTINCTION INFORMATION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to paging response based on paging distinction information.

[0002] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

[0003] 6G is the successor to 5G cellular technology. 6G networks will be able to use higher frequencies than 5G networks and provide substantially higher capacity and much lower latency. The 6G technology market is expected to facilitate large improvements in the areas of imaging, presence technology and location awareness. Working in conjunction with Artificial Intelligence (AI), the 6G computational infrastructure will be able to identify the best place for computing to occur. This includes decisions about data storage, processing and sharing.

[0004] In recent years, Internet-of-Things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More 'things' are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices can enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain.

[0005] It is impossible to power all the IoT devices by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually, which leads to high maintenance cost, serious environmental issues, and even safety hazards for some use cases (e.g., wireless sensor in electric power and petroleum industry). The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The form factor of such devices should be reasonably small to convey the validity of target use cases.

[0006] In an aspect, a method is provided. A method comprises, receiving a first trigger message including target information, responding to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device, and receiving a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information. The method comprises determining whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

[0007] In another aspect, an apparatus for implementing the above method is provided.

[0008] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0009] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0010] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0011] FIGS. 4 and 5 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0012] FIG. 6 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0013] FIG. 7 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0014] FIG. 8 shows an example of an architecture supporting an A-IoT radio interface to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0015] FIG. 9 shows an example of AS protocol stack for A-IoT to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0016] FIG. 10 shows an example of a baseline procedure for A-IoT for "inventory only" case to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0017] FIG. 11 shows an example of a baseline procedure for A-IoT for "inventory and command" case to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0018] FIG. 12 shows an example of a method to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0019] FIG. 13 shows an example of another method to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0020] The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system, and a Multi Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in Downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in Uplink (UL). Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, 5G New Radio (NR) and / or 6G.

[0021] For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0022] For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced.

[0023] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0024] In the present disclosure, slash ( / ) or comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0025] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".

[0026] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0027] Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0028] Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0029] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0030] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0031] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0032] The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

[0033] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), (2) a category of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0034] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, Base Stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

[0035] The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0036] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called User Equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

[0038] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0039] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200 / the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0040] NR supports multiples numerologies (and / or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0041] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2). The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter Wave (mmW).

[0042] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0043] As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0044] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0045] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate Personal Area Networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.

[0046] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0047] In FIG. 2, The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f} and / or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / parts, and / or modules.

[0048] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101, and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0049] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside of the processing chip 101.

[0050] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0051] The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store a firmware and / or a software code 105 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0052] Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0053] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201, and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0054] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside of the processing chip 201.

[0055] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0056] The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store a firmware and / or a software code 205 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0057] Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0058] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0059] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an Application Processor (AP), an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0060] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0061] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0062] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0063] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.

[0064] Although not shown in FIG. 2, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an Input / Output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0065] In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in UL and as a receiving device in DL. In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0066] In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 3, a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2.

[0069] A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0070] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of DSP, CPU, GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTMseries of processors made by QUALCOMM®, EXYNOSTMseries of processors made by SAMSUNG®, A series of processors made by APPLE®, HELIOTMseries of processors made by MEDIATEK®, ATOMTMseries of processors made by INTEL®or a corresponding next generation processor.

[0071] The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.

[0072] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0073] The power management module 141 manages power for the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0074] The display 143 outputs results processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be shown on the display 143.

[0075] The SIM card 145 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　International Mobile Subscriber Identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

[0076] The speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.

[0077] FIGS. 4 and 5 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0078] In particular, FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a radio interface user plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS and FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported. Referring to FIG. 4, the user plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer) and Layer 2. Referring to FIG. 5, the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer), Layer 2, Layer 3 (e.g., an RRC layer), and a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer. Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 are referred to as an Access Stratum (AS).

[0079] In the 3GPP LTE system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, and PDCP. In the 3GPP NR system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G core network Quality of Service (QoS) flows.

[0080] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing / de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into / from Transport Blocks (TB) delivered to / from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) (one HARQ entity per cell in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)); priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiple numerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s), and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use.

[0081] Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types of logical channels are defined, i.e., each supporting transfer of a particular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels. Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only, and traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel for broadcasting system control information, Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications and indications of ongoing Public Warning Service (PWS) broadcasts, Common Control Channel (CCCH) is a logical channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, and Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directional logical channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink. In downlink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: BCCH can be mapped to Broadcast Channel (BCH); BCCH can be mapped to Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to Paging Channel (PCH); CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In uplink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.

[0082] The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AM only).

[0083] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression using Robust Header Compression (ROHC); transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP status reporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers.

[0084] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS Flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session.

[0085] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by 5G Core network (5GC) or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN); establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and context transfer, UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection, inter-RAT mobility); QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transfer to / from NAS from / to UE.

[0086] FIG. 6 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0087] The frame structure shown in FIG. 6 is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and / or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, OFDM numerologies (e.g., SCS, Transmission Time Interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or Cyclic Prefix (CP)-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0088] Referring to FIG. 6, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has Tf= 10ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration Tsfper subframe is 1ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a CP. In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing Δf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0089] Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0090] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot01410111420221440431480841416016

[0091] Table 4 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0092] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot212404

[0093] A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid ofNsize,ugrid,x*NRBscsubcarriers andNsubframe,usymbOFDM symbols is defined, starting at Common Resource Block (CRB)Nstart,ugridindicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling), whereNsize,ugrid,xis the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink.NRBscis the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system,NRBscis 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna portp, subcarrier spacing configurationu, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidthNsize,ugridfor subcarrier spacing configurationuis given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna portpand the subcarrier spacing configurationuis referred to as a Resource Element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an indexkin the frequency domain and an indexlrepresenting a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

[0094] In the 3GPP NR system, RBs are classified into CRBs and Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configurationu. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configurationucoincides with 'point A' which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NR system, PRBs are defined within a BandWidth Part (BWP) and numbered from 0 toNsizeBWP,i-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block nPRBin the bandwidth part i and the common resource block nCRBis as follows: nPRB= nCRB+NsizeBWP,i, whereNsizeBWP,iis the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.

[0095] In the present disclosure, the term "cell" may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A "cell" as a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a "cell" as radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The "cell" associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a DL Component Carrier (CC) and a UL CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term "cell" may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.

[0096] In CA, two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured, the UE only has one RRC connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment / re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the NAS mobility information, and at RRC connection re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of Special Cell (SpCell). The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. For Dual Connectivity (DC) operation, the term SpCell refers to the PCell of the Master Cell Group (MCG) or the Primary SCell (PSCell) of the Secondary Cell Group (SCG). An SpCell supports Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprised of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprised of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA / DC, there is only one serving cell comprised of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA / DC, the term "serving cells" is used to denote the set of cells comprised of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.

[0097] FIG. 7 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 7, "RB" denotes a radio bearer, and "H" denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: DRBs for user plane data and SRBs for control plane data. The MAC PDU is transmitted / received using radio resources through the PHY layer to / from an external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.

[0099] In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and Random Access Channel (RACH) are mapped to their physical channels Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, Uplink Control Information (UCI) is mapped to PUCCH, and Downlink Control Information (DCI) is mapped to Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.

[0100] Ambient IoT (hereinafter, AIoT or A-IoT) is a service that can be provided by the 5GS system to support ambient power-enabled IoT devices that are powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable power source.

[0101] The 5GS System architecture for A-IoT include the following functions and procedures for:

[0102] - A-IoT device identification;

[0103] - A-IoT device inventory;

[0104] - Providing to, and obtaining from, an A-IoT device application data.

[0105] - Disabling A-IoT devices.

[0106] The following A-IoT services are supported:

[0107] - Inventory service;

[0108] - Command service

[0109] A-IoT inventory service is used to discover the A-IoT devices, i.e., to obtain the A-IoT device identifiers.

[0110] A-IoT command service includes three types of command service operations, i.e., Read, Write and Disable.

[0111] The following definitions for A-IoT may apply in the present disclosure.

[0112] - A-IoT device: A device that supports A-IoT radio interface towards gNB-reader.

[0113] - A-IoT MSG1: first Device-to-Reader (D2R) message transmission in the A-IoT Contention-Based Random Access (CBRA) procedure.

[0114] - A-IoT MSG2: Reader-to-Device (R2D) message in response to A-IoT MSG1 in the A-IoT CBRA procedure.

[0115] - A-IoT reader: reader providing A-IoT protocol terminations towards the A-IoT device

[0116] - gNB-reader: node providing A-IoT protocol terminations towards the A-IoT device.

[0117] FIG. 8 shows an example of an architecture supporting an A-IoT radio interface to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0118] A-IoT radio interface provides the communication between A-IoT device(s) and A-IoT reader, including gNB-reader as illustrated in FIG. 8. A-IoT radio interface can support both inventory procedure and command procedure. The A-IoT device monitors the R2D message as long as it has sufficient energy.

[0119] FIG. 9 shows an example of AS protocol stack for A-IoT to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0120] The AS protocol stack for A-IoT radio interface contains A-IoT MAC layer and A-IoT physical layer. The AS layer control information and data are handled by A-IoT MAC layer and A-IoT physical layer. For A-IoT radio interface, there is no differentiation between the control plane and the user plane.

[0121] The main services and functions of A-IoT MAC layer include:

[0122] - construct MAC PDUs to be mapped onto D2R transport blocks and delivered to the physical layer;

[0123] - process MAC PDUs from R2D transport blocks delivered from the physical layer;

[0124] - paging;

[0125] - access;

[0126] - transfer of upper layer data;

[0127] - D2R segmentation;

[0128] - failure detection.

[0129] A-IoT paging may allow the A-IoT reader to trigger one or more A-IoT device(s) to perform A-IoT CBRA or A-IoT Contention-Free Access (CFA). The A-IoT paging message may be sent on a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH). The A-IoT paging may include one paging identifier or no paging identifier. If a paging identifier is included, the A-IoT paging message may be addressed to a single A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices. If no paging identifier is included, the A-IoT paging message may be addressed to all A-IoT devices. The A-IoT paging message may also provide configuration for A-IoT access procedure.

[0130] FIG. 10 shows an example of a baseline procedure for A-IoT for "inventory only" case to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0131] The baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory only" case may be composed of two steps (Step A and Step B, respectively).

[0132] - In Step A, the reader may send the initial trigger message (e.g., A-IoT paging message) to indicate the target device(s) that are the target of the A-IoT service and need to respond to the trigger. The A-IoT paging message may indicate a single device, a group of devices, or all devices.

[0133] - In Step B, the triggered device(s) that match the target indication provided by the A-IoT paging message may transmit their device ID (either via random access or without using random access) to the reader, which subsequently relays this information to the Core Network (CN).

[0134] FIG. 11 shows an example of a baseline procedure for A-IoT for "inventory and command" case to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0135] The baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory and command" case may be composed of four steps (Steps A, B, C, and D, respectively).

[0136] - In Step A, the reader may send the initial trigger message (e.g., A-IoT paging message) to indicate the target device(s) that are the target of the A-IoT service and need to respond to the trigger. The A-IoT paging message may indicate a single device, a group of devices, or all devices.

[0137] - In Step B, the triggered device(s) that match the target indication provided by the A-IoT paging message may transmit their device ID (either via random access or without using random access) to the reader, which subsequently relays this information to the CN.

[0138] - In Step C, reader-to-device data transmission (e.g., the reader-to-device command) may be conducted. For example, the reader may forward command data received from the CN to the device(s).

[0139] - In Step D, which is an optional step, device-to-reader data transmission corresponding to Step C (e.g., feedback) may be conducted.

[0140] In both cases described in FIGS. 10 and 11, the CN may request A-IoT service from the reader, which may be a base station, relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc., and then several steps may be performed.

[0141] In both cases described in FIGS. 10 and 11, the procedures may begin with the reader transmitting an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT devices, which triggers a response and subsequent procedures for the device that the A-IoT service targets.

[0142] Whenever an A-IoT device has enough energy, the A-IoT device may respond to the A-IoT paging and perform the subsequent steps of the baseline procedures described above in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11. However, when an A-IoT device does not have enough energy, the A-IoT device cannot conduct the subsequent steps of the baseline procedures described above in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11.

[0143] In order to successfully trigger A-IoT devices even in situations such as insufficient device energy or unreliable wireless links, a method to perform A-IoT paging multiple times for the same A-IoT service is being considered. Additionally, in order to prevent unnecessary energy consumption and reduce contention, a method to prevent A-IoT devices that have already received and responded to an A-IoT paging message from responding to additional A-IoT paging messages for the same service is being considered. To this end, an indication (e.g., A-IoT paging ID) may be included in the A-IoT paging message. The indication included in the A-IoT paging message may indicate that a specific A-IoT paging message is for a specific A-IoT service, enabling the A-IoT device to identify whether an A-IoT paging message for a specific service is duplicated or not.

[0144] If the UE receives a paging message including an identity related to the UE, the UE responds to the paging message. In A-IoT system, if an A-IoT device receives a paging message including an identity related to the A-IoT device or group identity related to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT device may initiate random access procedure.

[0145] CN may transmit a paging message for an A-IoT device to multiple RAN nodes, e.g., readers. Then, different RAN nodes may transmit paging messages including the same identity. In such cases, whenever the A-IoT device receives a paging message including the identity related to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT device may initiate random access procedure. As a result, redundant random access procedures may be triggered.

[0146] In addition, the A-IoT device may respond to the paging message if the received paging message contains its own ID (e.g., UE ID) or the group ID to which the A-IoT device belongs (e.g., UE group ID). Currently, the response to paging cannot be processed in an ordered manner.

[0147] Hereinafter, various implementations of the present disclosure are described.

[0148] Hereinafter, paging message, A-IoT paging message, trigger message and / or triggering message may be used interchangeably.

[0149] Hereinafter, device, A-IoT device, and / or UE may be used interchangeably.

[0150] Hereinafter, reader, A-IoT reader, gNB-reader, gNB, RAN node, network node, and / or network may be used interchangeably.

[0151] Hereinafter, target information, and / or paging target information may be used interchangeably.

[0152] Hereinafter, distinction information, and / or paging distinction information may be used interchangeably.

[0153] 1. Implementation 1

[0154] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, a paging message may distinction information to control a sequence of triggering responses from multiple paging messages. For this purpose, for a sequence of paging messages to be processed in a specific order, each paging message may include a number as the distinction information in a way that the number is ordered in sequence according to the sequence of the paging messages to be processed. Then, if the device receives a paging message including the distinction information, the device may compare the distinction information with the previous distinction information included in a most recent paging message that the device has processed and responded.

[0155] For example, if paging message A and paging message B and paging message C need to be processed in order by the device, network may include value N in the paging message A, value N+1 in the paging message B, and value N+2 in the paging message C. Then, the device may need to process the paging messages according to the order of the value included in the received paging messages. That is, the paging message A including the distinction information of the value N may be processed / responded firstly, the paging message B including the distinction information of the value N+1 may be processed / responded next, and last, the paging message C including the distinction information of the value N+2 may be processed / responded.

[0156] For easier notation:

[0157] - Among the ordered value set {N, N+1, N+2, 쪋}, the value N+1 is denoted as 'next' value of the value N, and the value N is denoted as 'previous' value of the value N+1. Then, the value N+2 is not a next value of the value N, and the value N is not a previous value of the value N+2, since there is at least one value between two values.

[0158] - Among the ordered codepoint set {a, b, c, 쪋}, the codepoint b is denoted as 'next' codepoint of the codepoint a, and the codepoint a is denoted as 'previous' codepoint of the codepoint b. Then, the codepoint c is not a next codepoint of the codepoint a, and the codepoint a is not a previous codepoint of the codepoint c, since there is at least one codepoint between two codepoints.

[0159] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, an example of a procedural flow may be as follows. Some steps described below may be omitted without loss of generality.

[0160] - The network node A may transmit a first paging message. The first paging message may include target information (e.g., target identity and / or triggering purpose of the paging), and first distinction information having a value N.

[0161] - The device may receive the first paging message. The device may identify that the first paging message is for paging the device based on the target information.

[0162] - The device may respond to the first paging message by initiating, e.g., a random access procedure.

[0163] - The network node B may transmit a second paging message. The second paging message may include target information (e.g., target identity and / or triggering purpose of the paging), and second distinction information having a value N+2.

[0164] - The device may receive the second paging message. The device may identify that the second paging message is for paging the device based on the target information.

[0165] - The device may determine whether to respond to the second paging message based on the first distinction information included in the first paging message and the second distinction information included in the second paging message. Since the second distinction information (i.e., value N+2) included in the second paging message is not the next value with respect to the first distinction information (i.e., value N) included in the first paging message, the device may not respond to the second paging message.

[0166] - The network node C may transmit a third paging message. The third paging message may include target information (e.g., target identity and / or triggering purpose of the paging), and third distinction information having a value N+1.

[0167] - The device may receive the third paging message. The device may identify that the third paging message is for paging the device based on the target information.

[0168] - The device may determine whether to respond to the third paging message based on the first distinction information included in the first paging message and the third distinction information included in the third paging message. Since the third distinction information (i.e., value N+1) included in the third paging message is the next value with respect to the first distinction information (i.e., value N) included in the first paging message, the device may respond to the third paging message.

[0169] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, upon the determination of not to respond to the second paging message, the device may discard the second paging message. But, there may be the case where the second paging message is considered valid for some time. In such case, upon the determination of not to respond to the second paging message, the device may store the second paging message and later respond to the second paging message after the device responds to the third paging message, if the second paging message is still considered valid after the response to the third paging message.

[0170] In the above procedure, the network node A, network node B and network node C may be same or different from each other.

[0171] For example, the distinction information included in a paging message may be common to identifiers (or recipients or paging targets) included in the paging message. That is, a paging message including one or multiple identifiers to trigger response may include common distinction information.

[0172] For example, the paging distinction information may be specific to each identifier (or recipient or paging target) included in a paging message. That is, a paging message including multiple identifiers to trigger response may include multiple distinction information. One distinction information for one identifier may be independent from other distinction information for the other identifier.

[0173] For example, the paging distinction information may be specific to a group of identifiers (or recipient or paging target) included in a paging message. That is, a paging message including multiple identifiers to trigger response may include multiple paging distinction information. One distinction information for one group of identifiers may be independent other distinction information for the other group of identifiers.

[0174] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, to enable indicating distinction information in a paging message, CN may indicate a transaction ID (or the equivalent) in the request for paging transmitted from the CN to the RAN node, for each identity included in the paging message.

[0175] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, a timer may be introduced to assist the device to control the determination of in-sequence processing. In this case, the device may start a timer when it receives next (e.g., in-sequence) paging message for the device. If the device receives an out-of-sequence paging message for the device while the timer is running, the device may keep running the timer. While the timer is running, the device may not respond to out-of-sequence paging message. If timer expires, the device may respond to out-of-sequence paging message.

[0176] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, when the device performs random access procedure in response to a paging message including distinction information, the device may indicate the distinction information in the UL message transmitted during the random access procedure.

[0177] The UE may be A-IoT device connected to CN via a network node functioning as reader.

[0178] The network may be a network node functioning as reader for A-IoT devices.

[0179] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0180] An embodiment of the present disclosure related to a specific drawing described below may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure related to other drawings, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the embodiment may be omitted.

[0181] FIG. 12 shows an example of a method to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0182] In step S1200, the method comprises receiving a first trigger message including target information.

[0183] In step S1210, the method comprises responding to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device.

[0184] In step S1220, the method comprises receiving a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information.

[0185] In step S1230, the method comprises determining whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

[0186] In some implementations, it may be determined to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information being a next value of the first distinction information. The second distinction information being the next value of the first distinction information may mean that the second trigger message is in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.

[0187] In some implementations, it may be determined not to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information not being a next value of the first distinction information. The second distinction information not being the next value of the first distinction information may mean that the second trigger message is not in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.

[0188] In some implementations, it may be determined not to respond to the second trigger message while a timer is running. The timer may start upon receiving the first trigger message. The method may further comprise responding to the second trigger message upon expiry of the timer.

[0189] In some implementations, the second trigger message may be stored upon determining not to respond to the second trigger message. The method may further comprise responding to the second trigger message after responding to a third trigger message.

[0190] In some implementations, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be common to identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message. Additionally and / or alternatively, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be specific to each identifier included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message. Additionally and / or alternatively, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be specific to each group of identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message.

[0191] In some implementations, responding to the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message may include performing a random access procedure. A UL message transmitted during the random access procedure may include distinction information.

[0192] In some implementations, the first trigger message may be received from a first network node, and the second trigger message may be received from a second network node. The first network node and the second network node may be same or different from each other. The first network node and / or the second network node may include a reader.

[0193] In some implementations, the device may include an A-IoT device. The method may be performed by the device.

[0194] Furthermore, the device may be implemented by the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and / or the UE 100 shown in FIG. 3.

[0195] The device comprises at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform the method described in FIG. 12.

[0196] More specifically, the device receives a first trigger message including target information.

[0197] The device responds to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device.

[0198] The device receives a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information.

[0199] The device determines whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

[0200] In some implementations, it may be determined to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information being a next value of the first distinction information. The second distinction information being the next value of the first distinction information may mean that the second trigger message is in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.

[0201] In some implementations, it may be determined not to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information not being a next value of the first distinction information. The second distinction information not being the next value of the first distinction information may mean that the second trigger message is not in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.

[0202] In some implementations, it may be determined not to respond to the second trigger message while a timer is running. The timer may start upon receiving the first trigger message. The device may respond to the second trigger message upon expiry of the timer.

[0203] In some implementations, the second trigger message may be stored upon determining not to respond to the second trigger message. The device may respond to the second trigger message after responding to a third trigger message.

[0204] In some implementations, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be common to identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message. Additionally and / or alternatively, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be specific to each identifier included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message. Additionally and / or alternatively, the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information may be specific to each group of identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message.

[0205] In some implementations, responding to the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message may include performing a random access procedure. A UL message transmitted during the random access procedure may include distinction information.

[0206] In some implementations, the first trigger message may be received from a first network node, and the second trigger message may be received from a second network node. The first network node and the second network node may be same or different from each other. The first network node and / or the second network node may include a reader.

[0207] In some implementations, the device may include an A-IoT device.

[0208] Furthermore, the method described above in FIG. 12 may be performed by control of a processing apparatus. The processing apparatus may be implemented by the processor 102 included in the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and / or the processor 102 included in the UE 100 shown in FIG. 3.

[0209] The processing apparatus comprises at least one processor that is integrated with a device, and at least one memory comprising processor-executable instructions stored thereon that are configured to cause the at least one processor to perform the method described in FIG. 12.

[0210] Furthermore, the method described above in FIG. 12 may be performed by a software code 105 stored in the memory 104 included in the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2.

[0211] The technical features of the present disclosure may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may reside in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.

[0212] Some example of storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For other example, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.

[0213] The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0214] For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM such as Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), ROM, Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM), EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0215] In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0216] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, a non-transitory Computer-Readable Medium (CRM) stores instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform the method described in FIG. 12.

[0217] FIG. 13 shows an example of another method to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied.

[0218] In step S1300, the method comprises transmitting a first trigger message including target information.

[0219] In step S1310, the method comprises receiving a first response message in response to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device.

[0220] In step S1320, the method comprises transmitting a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information. It is determined whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

[0221] The method described above in FIG. 13 may be performed by a network node. The network node may be implemented by the second wireless device 200 shown in FIG. 2.

[0222] The network node comprises at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node to perform the method described in FIG. 13.

[0223] More specifically, the network node transmits a first trigger message including target information.

[0224] The network node receives a first response message in response to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device.

[0225] The network node transmits a second trigger message including the target information. The first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information. It is determined whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.

[0226] According to the implementation 1 of the present disclosure, the device (e.g., A-IoT device) can process paging messages in a certain sequence as intended by the network (e.g., reader).

[0227] 2. Implementation 2

[0228] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, in order to avoid triggering of redundant response from multiple paging messages that are originated from the same service request, a paging message may include paging distinction information to enable the A-IoT device determine whether the paging message is duplicated or not.

[0229] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, an example of a procedural flow may be as follows. Some steps described below may be omitted without loss of generality.

[0230] - The network node A may transmit a first paging message. The paging message may include target information (e.g., target identity and / or triggering purpose of the paging), and first distinction information.

[0231] - The device may receive the first paging message. The device may identify that the first paging message is for paging the device based on the target information.

[0232] - The device responds to the first paging message by initiating, e.g., a random access procedure.

[0233] - The network node B may transmit a second paging message. The second paging message may include target information (e.g., target identity and / or triggering purpose of the paging), and second distinction information.

[0234] - The device may receive the second paging message. The second device may identify that the paging message is for paging the device based on the target information.

[0235] - The device may determine whether to respond to the second paging message based on the first distinction information included in the first paging message and the second distinction information included in the second paging message. For example, if the first distinction information included in the first paging message is same as the second distinction information included in the second paging message, the device may decide not to respond to the second paging message. That is, the device may determine that the second paging message is the duplication of the first paging message based on the first distinction information included in the first paging message being same as the second distinction information included in the second paging message, and determine not to respond to the second paging message. For example, if the first distinction information included in the first paging message is different from the second distinction information included in the second paging message, the device may decide to respond to the second paging message. That is, the device may determine that the second paging message is not the duplication of the first paging message based on the first distinction information included in the first paging message being different from the second distinction information included in the second paging message, and determine to respond to the second paging message.

[0236] In the above procedure, the network node A and the network node B may be same or different from each other.

[0237] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, an example of device behaviors may be as follows. Some steps described below may be omitted without loss of generality.

[0238] - The device may receive a first paging message including first distinction information.

[0239] - The device may store the first distinction information.

[0240] - If the first paging message includes an ID with which the device is associated, the device may initiate a random access procedure to receive or transmit data.

[0241] - The device may receive a second paging message including second distinction information.

[0242] - The device may compare the first distinction information with the second distinction information.

[0243] - If the second paging message includes an ID with which the device is associated, and if the comparison indicates that the first paging message and the second triggering message are of the same triggering round (e.g., the first distinction information and the second distinction information are same), and if the device does not initiate a random access procedure triggered by the firs paging message, the device may initiate a random access procedure to receive or transmit data.

[0244] - If the second paging message includes an ID with which the device is associated, and if the comparison indicates that the first paging message and the second triggering message are of the same triggering round (e.g., the first distinction information and the second distinction information are same), and else if the device has already initiated a random access triggered by the first paging message, the device may not initiate a random access procedure to receive or transmit data.

[0245] - Else if the comparison indicates that the first triggering message and the second triggering message are of the different triggering round (e.g., the first distinction information and the second distinction information are different from each other), the device may initiate a random access procedure to receive or transmit data.

[0246] For example, the distinction information included in a paging message may be common to identifiers (or recipients or paging targets) included in the paging message. That is, a paging message including one or multiple identifiers to trigger response may include common distinction information.

[0247] For example, the paging distinction information may be specific to each identifier (or recipient or paging target) included in a paging message. That is, a paging message including multiple identifiers to trigger response may include multiple distinction information. One distinction information for one identifier may be independent from other distinction information for the other identifier.

[0248] For example, the paging distinction information may be specific to a group of identifiers (or recipient or paging target) included in a paging message. That is, a paging message including multiple identifiers to trigger response may include multiple paging distinction information. One distinction information for one group of identifiers may be independent other distinction information for the other group of identifiers.

[0249] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, the distinction information may comprise a number. When a network transmits a second paging message that is a duplicated one from the first paging message, the network may set the same number in the second paging message as the one included in the first paging message. The network may select the number in a predefined range of integer. The network may select the number by using a circular counter (e.g., 0>1>2>3>0>1>2>3...)

[0250] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, to enable indicating distinction information in a paging message, CN may indicate a transaction ID (or the equivalent) in the request for paging transmitted from the CN to the RAN node, for each identity included in the paging message. For example, the transaction ID itself may function as the distinction information.

[0251] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, a timer may be introduced to assist the device to control determination of redundant paging. For example, the device may start a timer upon receiving a paging message for the device, if the timer is not already running and the paging message is determined to be non-redundant. If the device receives another paging message for the device while the timer is running, the device may determine whether to respond to the received paging message based on the distinction information included in the received paging message. If the device may receive another paging message for the device while the timer is not running, the device may respond to the received paging message without determining whether to respond to the received paging message based on the distinction information included in the received paging message.

[0252] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, when the device performs random access procedure in response to a paging message including distinction information, the device may indicate the distinction information in the UL message transmitted during the random access procedure.

[0253] The UE may be A-IoT device connected to CN via a network node functioning as reader.

[0254] The network may be a network node functioning as reader for A-IoT devices.

[0255] According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, the device (e.g., A-IoT device) can avoid duplicate responses to triggering messages (e.g., paging messages) transmitted from network node(s) (e.g., reader(s)).

[0256] Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and / or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0257] Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1.A method comprising:receiving a first trigger message including target information;responding to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device;receiving a second trigger message including the target information,wherein the first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information; anddetermining whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein it is determined to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information being a next value of the first distinction information.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the second distinction information being the next value of the first distinction information means that the second trigger message is in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.4.The method of any claims 1 to 3, wherein it is determined not to respond to the second trigger message based on the second distinction information not being a next value of the first distinction information.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the second distinction information not being the next value of the first distinction information means that the second trigger message is not in-sequence with respect to the first trigger message.6.The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein it is determined not to respond to the second trigger message while a timer is running.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the timer starts upon receiving the first trigger message.8.The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the method further comprises responding to the second trigger message upon expiry of the timer.9.The method of any claims 4 to 8, wherein the second trigger message is stored upon determining not to respond to the second trigger message.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises responding to the second trigger message after responding to a third trigger message.11.The method of any claim 1 to 10, wherein the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information are common to identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message.12.The method of any claim 1 to 10, wherein the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information are specific to each identifier included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message.13.The method of any claim 1 to 10, wherein the first distinction information and / or the second distinction information are specific to each group of identifiers included in the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message.14.The method of any claims 1 to 13, wherein responding to the first trigger message and / or the second trigger message includes performing a random access procedure.15.The method of claim 14, wherein an uplink (UL) message transmitted during the random access procedure includes distinction information.16.The method of any claims 1 to 15, wherein the first trigger message is received from a first network node, andwherein the second trigger message is received from a second network node.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the first network node and the second network node are same or different from each other.18.The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the first network node and / or the second network node include a reader.19.The method of any claims 1 to 18, wherein the device includes an ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device.20.The method of any claims 1 to 19, wherein the method is performed by the device.21.A device comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform the method of any claims 1 to 20.22.A processing apparatus comprising:at least one processor that is integrated with a device; andat least one memory comprising processor-executable instructions stored thereon that are configured to cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any claims 1 to 20.23.A non-transitory Computer Readable Medium (CRM) storing instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform the method of any claims 1 to 20.24.A method comprising:transmitting a first trigger message including target information;receiving a first response message in response to the first trigger message based on the target information being related to a device; andtransmitting a second trigger message including the target information,wherein the first trigger message includes first distinction information and the second trigger message includes second distinction information, andwherein it is determined whether to respond to the second trigger message based on the first distinction information and the second distinction information.25.A network node comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node to perform the method of claim 24.

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