Linker-polymer-drug conjugates
A polymeric scaffold system enhances therapeutic agent delivery by stabilizing and targeting drugs to specific sites, addressing issues of degradation and non-target accumulation, thereby improving efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/109046
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-09-02
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing therapeutic agents face challenges such as partial degradation and accumulation in non-target tissues, leading to reduced potency and efficacy due to traditional delivery methods.
A polymeric scaffold system is developed for conjugation with therapeutic agents, incorporating a linear polyglycerol backbone and functional groups for targeted delivery, enhancing stability and safety.
The system stabilizes therapeutic agents for targeted delivery, improving cytotoxicity and therapeutic effects by ensuring maximum drug concentration at the desired site.
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Figure PCTCN2025109046-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025109046-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025109046-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
LINKER-POLYMER-DRUG CONJUGATESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to compounds useful for conjugates, conjugates comprising these compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and method of using the compounds, conjugates or their pharmaceutical compositions.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Traditionally, therapeutic agents primarily consisting of small molecules are delivered to the body via oral / GI absorption or systemic injection and then to the action site by the blood circulation. However, many challenges still remain to be addressed. For example, many therapeutic agents exhibit limited or otherwise reduced potencies and therapeutic effects because they are either generally subject to partial degradation before they reach a desired target in the body, or accumulate in tissues other than the target, or both.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need to deliver therapeutic agents intact to specifically targeted areas of the body through a system that can stabilize the drug and control the in vivo transfer of the therapeutic agent such that maximum cytotoxicity for the therapeutic agent is achieved.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] The present disclosure relates to a polymeric scaffold delivery system is useful for conjugation of therapeutic agents and a targeting moiety and provides improved stability and safety profile of the conjugates.
[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a polymeric scaffold of Formula (I) : wherein: the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba; Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH- or -A-; A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol; each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol; each D is independently a therapeutic agent; each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; and each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.
[0006] In one another aspect, the present disclosure provides a polymeric scaffold of Formula (II) : wherein, the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba moiety; Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH- or -A-; A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; each G3 independently comprises a functional group capable of reacting with a reactive group in a drug release mechanism to connect the drug release mechanism to the linear polyglycerol; T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; each of n, m, p and q is an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.
[0007] In one another aspect, the present disclosure provides a polymeric scaffold of: wherein,
[0008] In one another aspect, the present disclosure provides a polymeric scaffold of Formula (III) : wherein, the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; PBRM is a targeting moiety; each La is independently a linking moiety connecting the targeting moiety to Ma and comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; each Ma is independently a stretcher connecting La to Ba; Ba is branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH-or -A-; each A is independently a linking moiety connecting Ba moiety to the linear polyglycerol; each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol; each D is independently a therapeutic agent; each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; each T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1; and s is in a range of 1 to 10.
[0009] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polymeric scaffold or conjugate described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating diseases in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutic effective amount of the polymeric scaffold or conjugate described herein, or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] Figures 1A to 1D show the cell binding activity of ADCs and naked antibodies. Figure 1A and 1B show CLDN6 ADCs binding on OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells and NEC-8 testicular germ cell tumor cells, respectively. Figures 1C and 1D show DLL3 ADCs binding on SHP77 and NCI-H82 small cell lung cancer cells.
[0012] Figures 2A to 2D show the cell internalization effect of ADCs and naked antibodies. Figure 2A shows the result of CLDN6 antibodies and CLDN6 ADCs measured by an indirected flow cytometry assay on several cancer cells. Figures 2B to 2D show the result of DLL3 antibody and DLL3 ADCs measured in cell lines NCI-H524, NCI-H82 and SHP77, respectively.
[0013] Figures 3A to 3D show the in-vitro cytotoxicity effect on CLDN6 endogeneously expressing cancer cells, including OVCAR3 cells (Figure 3A) , OV90 cells (Figure 3B) , and NEC-8 cells (Figure 3C) , as well as CLDN6 negative NCI-H1299 cells (Figure 3D) , following treatment with a range of concentrations of ADCs generated by Primelink.
[0014] Figures 4A to 4D show the in vitro cytotoxicity of ADCs on different cell lines, including SHP77 (Figures 4A and 4C) and H524 (Figures 4B and 4D) .
[0015] Figures 5A to 5C show the in-vivo tumor inhibitory effect of ADCs in OVCAR3 cell derived xenografts. OVCAR3 xenografts established in female BALB / c nude mice were treated with several test articles (Dosing intravenously once weekly for three weeks (QW×3) , as well as two weeks (QW×2) that for dosage of 5 mg / kg) . Figure 5A shows the tumor growth curves based on the tumor volume changes. Data points represent group mean; error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM) . Figure 5B shows the relative body weight changes. Data points represent group mean; error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM) . Figure 5C shows the tumor weight at day 34 post administration.
[0016] Figures 6A to 6C show the in-vivo tumor inhibitory effect of ADCs in NEC-8 cell derived xenografts. NEC-8 xenografts established in female NOD-SCID mice were treated with several test articles (Dosing intravenously once weekly for three weeks (QW×3) , as well as two weeks (QW×2) that for dosage of 5 mg / kg) . Figure 6A shows the tumor growth curves based on the tumor volume changes. Data were shown as Mean±SEM. Figure 6B shows the relative body weight changes. Data were shown as Mean±SEM. Figure 6C shows the tumor weight at the endpoints of each group post administration.
[0017] Figures 7A to 7C show the in-vivo tumor inhibitory effect of ADCs in OV90 cell derived xenografts. OV90 xenografts established in female BALB / c Nude mice were treated with several test articles (Dosing intravenously once weekly for three weeks (QW×3) ) . Figure 7A shows tumor growth curves based on the tumor volume changes. Data were shown as Mean±SEM. Figure 7B shows the relative body weight changes. Data were shown as Mean±SEM. Figure 7C shows the tumor weight at the endpoints of each group post administration.
[0018] Figure 8 shows the in vivo efficacy study of DLL3 ADCs, tumor growth in SHP77 CDX model with 1 mg / kg, 2.5 mg / kg and 5 mg / kg, QW*3 dosing schedule.
[0019] Figure 9A and 9B show the total antibody (Figure 9A) and total conjugated drug (Figure 9B) mean concentration vs time plot in single dosing PK study of OVCAR3 CDX mice.
[0020] Figure 10 shows the free payload concentration accumulated inside tumor at 72h in single dosing PD study of OVCAR3 CDX mice.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literature and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this application controls.
[0022] It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0023] It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” , “an, ” and “the” include plural forms of the same unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification and in the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that shall be defined to have the following meanings unless a contrary intention is apparent.DEFINITIONS
[0024] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0025] At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
[0026] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0027] As used herein, a dash “-” at the front or end of a chemical group is used, a matter of convenience, to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent. For example, -OH is attached through the carbon atom; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning. A wavy line drawn through a line in a structure indicates a point of attachment of a group. Unless chemically or structurally required, no directionality is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written or named. As used herein, a solid line coming out of the center of a ring indicates that the point of attachment for a substituent on the ring can be at any ring atom. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0028] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0029] The term “about” , when used in connection with a numerical value, means that a collection or range of values is included. For example, “about X” includes a range of values that are ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, ±2%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of X, where X is a numerical value. In one embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 5%more or less than the specified value. In another embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 2%more or less than the specified value. In another embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 1%more or less than the specified value.
[0030] Recitation of ranges of values are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. A range used herein, unless otherwise specified, includes the two limits of the range. For example, the expressions “n is an integer between 1 and 6” and “n being an integer of 1 to 6” both mean “x being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6” .
[0031] As used herein, the term “Ci-j” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e., i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms. In similar manner, the term “m-n membered” ring, wherein m and n are integers and n is greater than m, refers to a ring containing m to n atoms.
[0032] As used herein, the term “aliphatic” includes both saturated and unsaturated, straight chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are optionally substituted with one or more functional groups. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, “aliphatic” is intended herein to include, but is not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl moieties.
[0033] As used herein, the term “alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to a linear or branched-chain alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. For example, alkyl groups contain 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of “C1-6 alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
[0034] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl (or vinyl) , propenyl (allyl) , butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2 buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, and the like.
[0035] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and the like.
[0036] As used herein, the term “alkoxyl” or “alkoxy” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical of the formula -ORa where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined herein. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkoxy” or “C1-6alkoxy” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkoxy” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-10 alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-5 alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-4 alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-2 alkoxy. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like.
[0037] As used herein, the term “amino” refers to the group -NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from groups consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl and each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0038] As used herein, the term “aryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems having a total of 5 to 20 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 12 ring members. Examples of “aryl” include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl” , as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more additional rings. In the case of polycyclic ring system, only one of the rings needs to be aromatic (e.g., 2, 3-dihydroindole) , although all of the rings may be aromatic (e.g., quinoline) . The second ring can also be fused or bridged. Examples of polycyclic aryl include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
[0039] As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic and polycyclic ring system, in which all the ring atoms are carbon and which contains at least three ring forming carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may contain 3 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl group may be saturated or partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a saturated cyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group that contains at least one double bond or triple bond in its ring system.
[0040] In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring system, examples of which include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl.
[0041] In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be saturated or partially unsaturated polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) carbocyclic ring system, which can be arranged as a fused, spiro or bridged ring system. As used herein, the term “fused ring” refers to a ring system having two rings sharing two adjacent atoms, the term “spiro ring” refers to a ring systems having two rings connected through one single common atom, and the term “bridged ring” refers to a ring system with two rings sharing three or more atoms. Examples of fused cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, naphthyl, benzopyrenyl, anthracenyl, acenaphthenyl, fluorenyl and the like. Examples of spiro cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, spiro [5.5] undecanyl, spiro-pentadienyl, spiro [3.6] -decanyl, and the like. Examples of bridged cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to bicyclo [1, 1, 1] pentenyl, bicyclo [2, 2, 1] heptenyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octanyl, bicyclo [3.3.1] nonanyl, bicyclo [3.3.3] undecanyl, and the like.
[0042] As used herein, the term “halo” or “halogen” refers to an atom selected from fluorine (or fluoro) , chlorine (or chloro) , bromine (or bromo) and iodine (or iodo) .
[0043] As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0044] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
[0045] As used herein, the term “heteroaliphatic” refers to aliphatic moieties in which one or more carbon atoms in the main chain have been substituted with a heteroatom. Thus, a heteroaliphatic group refers to an aliphatic chain which contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms, e.g., in place of carbon atoms. Heteroaliphatic moieties may be branched or linear unbranched. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, “heteroaliphatic” is intended herein to include, but is not limited to, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl moieties. In certain embodiments, heteroaliphatic moieties are substituted ( “substituted heteroaliphatic” ) by independent replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms thereon with one or more moieties including, but not limited to aliphatic; heteroaliphatic; cycloalkyl; heterocycloalkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; alkylaryl; alkylheteroaryl; alkoxy; aryloxy; heteroalkoxy; heteroaryloxy; alkylthio; arylthio; heteroalkylthio; heteroarylthio; F; Cl; Br; I; -NO2; -CN; -CF3; -CH2CF3; -CHC12; -CH2OH; -CH2CH2OH; -CH2NH2; -CH2SO2CH3; -or -GRG1, wherein G is -O-, -S-, -NRG2-, -C (=O) -, -S (=O) -, -SO2-, -C (=O) O-, -C (=O) NRG2-, -OC (=O) -, -NRG2C (=O) -, -OC (=O) O-, -OC (=O) NRG2-, -NRG2C (=O) O-, -NRG2C (=O) NRG2-, -C (=S) -, -C (=S) S-, -SC (=S) -, -SC (=S) S-, -C (=NRG2) -, -C (=NRG2) O-, -C (=NRG2) NRG3-, -OC (=NRG2) -, -NRG2C (=NRG3) -, -NRG2SO2-, -NRG2SO2NRG3-, or -SO2NRG2-, wherein each occurrence of RG1, RG2 and RG3 independently includes, but is not limited to, hydrogen, halogen, or an optionally substituted aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl moiety. Additional examples of generally applicable substituents are illustrated by the specific embodiments shown in the Examples that are described herein.
[0046] As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “heteroalkyl” encompasses alkoxyl and heteroalkoxy radicals.
[0047] As used herein, the term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkenyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
[0048] As used herein, the term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkynyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
[0049] As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an aryl group having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more heteroatoms. The heteroaryl group can be monocyclic. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzofuranyl and pteridinyl. The heteroaryl group also includes polycyclic groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Examples of polycyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzo [1, 3] dioxolyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
[0050] As used herein, the term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cycloalkyl group in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like, the remaining ring atoms being carbon, wherein one or more ring atoms may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a partially unsaturated heterocycloalkyl having one or more double bonds in its ring system. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl may contains any oxidized form of carbon, nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. The heterocycloalkyl radical may be carbon linked or nitrogen linked where such is possible. In some embodiments, the heterocycle is carbon linked. In some embodiments, the heterocycle is nitrogen linked. For example, a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or pyrrol-3-yl (carbon linked) . Further, a group derived from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or imidazol-3-yl (carbon linked) .
[0051] Heterocycloalkyl group may be monocyclic. Examples of monocyclic heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to oxetanyl, 1, 1-dioxothietanylpyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, pyridonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyrazinonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyridazonyl, pyrrolidinyl, triazinonyl, and the like.
[0052] Heterocycloalkyl group may be polycyclic, including the fused, spiro and bridged ring systems. The fused heterocycloalkyl group includes radicals wherein the heterocycloalkyl radicals are fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated (i.e., aromatic) carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Examples of fused heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, phenyl fused ring or pyridinyl fused ring, such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolizinyl, quinazolinyl, azaindolizinyl, pteridinyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenanthridinyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, furo [3, 4-d] pyrimidinyl, pyrrolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidinyl, dihydrofuro [3, 4-b] pyridinyl groups, and the like. Examples of spiro heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, spiropyranyl, spirooxazinyl, 5-aza-spiro [2.4] heptanyl, 6-aza-spiro [2.5] octanyl, 6-aza-spiro [3.4] octanyl, 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro [3.3] heptanyl, 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro [3.4] octanyl, 6-aza-spiro [3.5] nonanyl, 7-aza-spiro [3.5] nonanyl, 1-oxa-7-aza-spiro [3.5] nonanyl, 3, 8-dioxa-1-azaspiro [4.5] dec-1-enyl and the like. Examples of bridged heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, 3-aza-bicyclo [3.1.0] hexanyl, 8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octanyl, 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octanyl, 2-aza-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octanyl, and the like.
[0053] As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” refers to -OH.
[0054] As used herein, the term “leaving group” refers to a molecular fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage. Leaving groups can be anions or neutral molecules. Leaving groups include, but are not limited to halides such as Cl-, Br-, and I-, sulfonate esters, such as para-toluenesulfonate ( “tosylate” , TsO-) , and RC (O) O-in which R is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0055] As used herein, the term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
[0056] As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
[0057] As used herein, the term “protecting group” means that a particular functional moiety, e.g., O, S, or N, is temporarily blocked so that a reaction can be carried out selectively at another reactive site in a multifunctional compound. In some embodiments, a protecting group reacts selectively in good yield to give a protected substrate that is stable to the projected reactions. The protecting group must be selectively removed in good yield by readily available, preferably nontoxic reagents that do not attack the other functional groups. The protecting group forms an easily separable derivative (more preferably without the generation of new stereogenic centers) . The protecting group has a minimum of additional functionality to avoid further sites of reaction. As detailed herein, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon protecting groups may be utilized. For example, in some embodiments, certain exemplary oxygen protecting groups may be utilized. These oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to methyl ethers, substituted methyl ethers (e.g., MOM (methoxymethyl ether) , MTM (methylthiomethyl ether) , BOM (benzyloxymethyl ether) , and PMBM (p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl ether)) , substituted ethyl ethers, substituted benzyl ethers, silyl ethers (e.g., TMS (trimethylsilyl ether) , TES (triethylsilylether) , TIPS (triisopropylsilyl ether) , TBDMS (t-butyldimethylsilyl ether) , tribenzyl silyl ether, and TBDPS (t-butyldiphenyl silyl ether) , esters (e.g., formate, acetate, benzoate (Bz) , trifluoroacetate, and dichloroacetate) , carbonates, cyclic acetals and ketals. In some other embodiments, nitrogen protecting groups are utilized. Nitrogen protecting groups, as well as protection and deprotection methods are known in the art. Nitrogen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, carbamates (including methyl, ethyl and substituted ethyl carbamates (e.g., Troc) , amides, cyclic imide derivatives, N-Alkyl and N-Aryl amines, imine derivatives, and enamine derivatives. In yet other embodiments, certain exemplary sulphur protecting groups may be utilized. The sulfur protecting groups include, but are not limited to those oxygen protecting group describe above as well as aliphatic carboxylic acid (e.g., acrylic acid) , maleimide, vinyl sulfonyl, and optionally substituted maleic acid. Certain other exemplary protecting groups are detailed herein, however, it will be appreciated that the present invention is not intended to be limited to these protecting groups; rather, a variety of additional equivalent protecting groups can be readily identified using the above criteria and utilized in the present invention. Additionally, a variety of protecting groups are described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” Third Ed. Greene, T.W. and Wuts, P.G., Eds., John Wiley &Sons, New York: 1999, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0058] As used herein, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. The substituents may include, but not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, acyl, amino, amido, amidino, aryl, azido, carbamoyl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, guanidino, halo, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, hydrazino, imino, oxo, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonic acid, alkylsulfonyl, thiocyanate, thiol, thione, or combinations thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.
[0059] As used herein, the term “targeting moiety” refers to a molecule that recognizes and binds to a cell surface marker or receptor such as, a transmembrane protein, surface immobilized protein, or protoglycan. Examples of targeting moiety include but are not limited to, antibodies or fragment thereof, lipocalins, proteins, peptides or peptide mimics, and the like. The targeting moiety, in addition to targeting the polymeric scaffold to a specific cell, tissue or location, may also have certain therapeutic effect such as antiproliferative (cytostatic and / or cytotoxic) activity against a target cell or pathway. The targeting moiety comprises or may be engineered to comprise at least one chemically reactive group such as, -COOR, -SH, amine or a chemically reactive amino acid moiety or side chains such as, for example, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, or lysine. In some embodiments, a targeting moiety may be a ligand which specifically binds or complexes with a cell surface molecule, such as a cell surface receptor or antigen, for a given target cell population. Following specific binding or complexing of the ligand with its receptor, the cell is permissive for uptake of the ligand or ligand-drug-conjugate, which is then internalized into the cell. As used herein, a ligand that “specifically binds or complexes with” or “targets” a cell surface molecule preferentially associates with a cell surface molecule via intermolecular forces.
[0060] As used herein, the term “ligand” refers to a variety of chemical or biological molecules, which can have a specific binding affinity to a selected target, wherein the selected target can be, for example, a cell surface receptor, a cell surface antigen, a cell, a tissue, an organ, etc. In some embodiments, the ligand can specifically bind to a protein, or a marker expressed on the surface of a target cell. In some embodiments, the ligand of the present disclosure binds to a cell surface protein or marker with an affinity of 10-6-10-11 M (Kd value) . In some embodiments, the ligand of the present disclosure binds to a cell surface protein or marker with an affinity of at least 10-7, at least 10-8 and at least 10-9 M (Kd value) . In some embodiments, the ligand of the present disclosure binds to a cell surface protein or marker with an affinity of less than 10-6, less than 10-7 and less than 10-8 M (Kd value) . In some embodiments, the ligand of the present disclosure binds to a cell surface protein or marker with a certain affinity, wherein the certain affinity refers to the affinity of the ligand to a target cell surface protein or marker which is at least two, three, four, five, six, eight, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred or more times higher than that to a non-target cell surface protein or marker. In some embodiments, the expression of the cell surface protein or marker of the present disclosure in target cells (e.g., cancer cells) is significantly higher than that in normal cells. The term “significantly” as used herein refers to statistically significant differences, or significant differences that can be recognized by a person skilled in the art.
[0061] As used herein, the term “targeting moiety” refers to a molecule, complex, or aggregate, that binds specifically or selectively to a target molecule, cell, particle, tissue or aggregate. Examples of targeting moiety includes, but are not limited to antibody, antibody binding fragment, bispecific antibody, immunoglobins or other antibody-based molecule or compound. However, other examples of targeting moieties are known in the art and may be used, such as aptamers, avimers, receptor-binding ligands, nucleic acids, biotin-avidin binding pairs, peptides, small molecules, nanoparticles, or proteins, etc. The terms “targeting moiety” and “binding moiety” are used synonymously herein.
[0062] As used herein, the term “drug” refers to a compound which is biologically active and provides a desired physiological effect following administration to a subject in need thereof (e.g., an active pharmaceutical ingredient) .
[0063] As used herein, the term “antibody” includes any immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, multivalent antibody, multispecific antibody, or bispecific (bivalent) antibody or a functional portion thereof that binds to a specific antigen. A native intact antibody comprises two heavy chains (H) and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain consists of a variable region (VH) and a first, second, and third constant region (CH1, CH2 and CH3, respectively) , while each light chain consists of a variable region (VL) and a constant region (CL) . Mammalian heavy chains are classified as α, δ, ε, γ, and μ, and mammalian light chains are classified as λ or κ. The variable regions of the light and heavy chains are responsible for antigen binding. The variables region in both chains are generally subdivided into three regions of hypervariability called the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (light (L) chain CDRs including LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, heavy (H) chain CDRs including HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3) . CDR boundaries for the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may be defined or identified by the conventions of Kabat, Chothia, or Al-Lazikani (Al-Lazikani, B., Chothia, C., Lesk, A.M., J. Mol. Biol., 273 (4) , 927 (1997) ; Chothia, C. et al., J Mol Biol. Dec 5; 186 (3) : 651-63 (1985) ; Chothia, C. and Lesk, A.M., J. Mol. Biol., 196, 901 (1987) ; Chothia, C. et al., Nature. Dec 21-28; 342 (6252) : 877-83 (1989) ; Kabat E. A. et al., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991) ) . The three CDRs are interposed between flanking stretches known as framework regions (FRs) , which are more highly conserved than the CDRs and form a scaffold to support the hypervariable loops. Therefore, each VH and VL comprises of three CDRs and four FRs in the following order (amino acid residues N terminus to C terminus) : FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The constant regions of the heavy and light chains are not involved in antigen binding but exhibit various effector functions. Antibodies are assigned to the five major classes based on the amino acid sequence of the constant region of their heavy chain: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, which are characterized by the presence of α, δ, ε, γ, and μ heavy chains, respectively. Subclasses of several of the major antibody classes are such as IgG1 (γ1 heavy chain) , IgG2 (γ2 heavy chain) , IgG3 (γ3 heavy chain) , IgG4 (γ4 heavy chain) , IgA1 (α1 heavy chain) , or IgA2 (α2 heavy chain) .
[0064] The term “antibody” , as used herein, also includes antigen-binding fragments of full antibody molecules. The terms “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody, “antigen-binding fragment” of an antibody, and the like, as used herein, include any naturally occurring, enzymatically obtainable, synthetic, or genetically engineered polypeptide or glycoprotein that specifically binds an antigen to form a complex. Antigen-binding fragments of an antibody may be derived, e.g., from full antibody molecules using any suitable, standard technique (s) such as proteolytic digestion or recombinant genetic engineering technique (s) involving the manipulation and expression of DNA encoding antibody variable and optionally constant domains. The DNA may be sequenced and manipulated chemically or by using molecular biology techniques, for example, to arrange one or more variable and / or constant domains into a suitable configuration, or to introduce codons, create cysteine residues, modify, add or delete amino acids, etc. Non-limiting examples of antigen-binding fragments include: (i) Fab fragments; (ii) F (ab’ ) 2 fragments; (iii) Fd fragments; (iv) Fv fragments; (v) single-chain Fv (scFv) molecules; (vi) dAb fragments; and (vii) minimal recognition units consisting of the amino acid residues that mimic the hypervariable region of an antibody (e.g., an isolated CDR such as a CDR3 peptide) , or a constrained FR3-CDR3-FR4 peptide. Other engineered molecules, such as domain-specific antibodies, single domain antibodies, domain-deleted antibodies, chimeric antibodies, CDR-grafted antibodies, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, minibodies, nanobodies (e.g. monovalent nanobodies, bivalent nanobodies, etc. ) , small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIPs) , and shark variable IgNAR domains, are also encompassed within the expression “antigen-binding fragment, ” as used herein.
[0065] As used herein, the term “Fab” refers to a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of the antibody consisting of a single light chain (both variable and constant regions) bound to the variable region and first constant region of a single heavy chain by a disulfide bond. Fab can be obtained by papain digestion of an antibody at the residues proximal to the N-terminus of the disulfide bond between the heavy chains of the hinge region.
[0066] As used herein, the term “Fab'” refers to a Fab fragment that includes a portion of the hinge region, which can be obtained by pepsin digestion of an antibody at the residues proximal to the C-terminus of the disulfide bond between the heavy chains of the hinge region and thus is different from Fab in a small number of residues (including one or more cysteines) in the hinge region.
[0067] As used herein, the term “F (ab’ ) 2” refers to a dimer of Fab’ that comprises two light chains and part of two heavy chains.
[0068] As used herein, the term “Fc” with regard to an antibody refers to that portion of the antibody consisting of the second and third constant regions of a first heavy chain bound to the second and third constant regions of a second heavy chain via disulfide bond. The Fc portion of the antibody is responsible for various effector functions, but does not function in antigen binding.
[0069] As used herein, the term “Fv” refers to the smallest fragment of the antibody to bear the complete antigen binding site. A Fv fragment consists of the variable region of a single light chain bound to the variable region of a single heavy chain. As used herein, the term “single-chain Fv antibody” or “scFv” refers to an engineered antibody consisting of a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region connected to one another directly or via a peptide linker sequence. A “dsFv” refers to a disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment that the linkage between the variable region of a single light chain and the variable region of a single heavy chain is a disulfide bond.
[0070] As used herein, the term “single-chain Fv antibody” or “scFv” refers to an engineered antibody consisting of a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region connected to one another directly or via a peptide linker sequence (Huston JS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85: 5879 (1988) ) . A “scFv dimer” refers to a single chain comprising two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions with a linker. An “scFv dimer” may be a bivalent diabody or bivalent ScFv (BsFv) comprising VH-VL (linked by a peptide linker) dimerized with another VH-VL moiety such that VH's of one moiety coordinate with the VL's of the other moiety and form two binding sites which can target the same antigens (or eptipoes) or different antigens (or eptipoes) . A “scFv dimer” may also be a bispecific diabody comprising VH1-VL2 (linked by a peptide linker) associated with VL1-VH2 (also linked by a peptide linker) such that VH1 and VL1 coordinate and VH2 and VL2 coordinate and each coordinated pair has a different antigen specificity.
[0071] As used herein, the term “single-chain Fv-Fc antibody” or “scFv-Fc” refers to an engineered antibody consisting of a scFv connected to the Fc region of an antibody.
[0072] As used herein, the term “camelized single domain antibody, ” “heavy chain antibody, ” “nanobody” or “HCAb” refers to an antibody that contains two VH domains and no light chains (Riechmann L. and Muyldermans S., J Immunol Methods. Dec 10; 231 (1-2) : 25-38 (1999) ; Muyldermans S., J Biotechnol. Jun; 74 (4) : 277-302 (2001) ; WO94 / 04678; WO94 / 25591; U.S. Patent No. 6,005,079) . Heavy chain antibodies were originally obtained from Camelidae (camels, dromedaries, and llamas) . Although devoid of light chains, camelized antibodies have an authentic antigen-binding repertoire (Hamers-Casterman C. et al., Nature. Jun 3; 363 (6428) : 446-8 (1993) ; Nguyen VK. et al. “Heavy-chain antibodies in Camelidae; a case of evolutionary innovation, ” Immunogenetics. Apr; 54 (1) : 39-47 (2002) ; Nguyen VK. et al. Immunology. May; 109 (1) : 93-101 (2003) ) . The variable domain of a heavy chain antibody (VHH domain) represents the smallest known antigen-binding unit generated by adaptive immune responses (Koch-Nolte F. et al., FASEB J. Nov; 21 (13) : 3490-8. Epub 2007 Jun 15 (2007) ) . “Diabodies” include small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, wherein the fragments comprise a VH domain connected to a VL domain in a single polypeptide chain (VH-VL or VL-VH) (see, e.g., Holliger P. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jul 15; 90 (14) : 6444-8 (1993) ; EP404097; WO93 / 11161) . The two domains on the same chain cannot be paired, because the linker is too short, thus, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain, thereby creating two antigen-binding sites. The antigen–binding sites may target the same of different antigens (or epitopes) .
[0073] As used herein, the term “domain antibody” refers to an antibody fragment containing only the variable region of a heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain. In some embodiments, two or more VH domains are covalently joined with a peptide linker to form a bivalent or multivalent domain antibody. The two VH domains of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same or different antigens.
[0074] As used herein, the term “ (dsFv) 2” refers to an antigen binding fragment consisting of three peptide chains: two VH moieties linked by a peptide linker and bound by disulfide bridges to two VL moieties.
[0075] As used herein, the term “bispecific ds diabody” refers to an antigen binding fragment consisting of VH1-VL2 (linked by a peptide linker) bound to VL1-VH2 (also linked by a peptide linker) via a disulfide bridge between VH1 and VL1.
[0076] As used herein, the term “bispecific dsFv” or “dsFv-dsFv’ ” refers to a antigen binding fragment consisting of three peptide chains: a VH1-VH2 moiety wherein the heavy chains are bound by a peptide linker (e.g., a long flexible linker) and paired via disulfide bridges to VL1 and VL2 moieties, respectively. Each disulfide paired heavy and light chain has a different antigen specificity.
[0077] In some embodiment, the antibody or its antigen binding fragment is chimeric or humanized.
[0078] As used herein, the term “chimeric” refers to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has a portion of heavy and / or light chain derived from one species, and the rest of the heavy and / or light chain derived from a different species. In an illustrative example, a chimeric antibody may comprise a constant region derived from human and a variable region derived from a non-human species, such as from mouse.
[0079] As used herein, the term “humanized” , with reference to antibody or antigen-binding fragment, refers to the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment comprises CDRs derived from non-human animals (e.g. a rodent, rabbit, dog, goat, horse, or chicken) , FR regions derived from human, and when applicable, the constant regions derived from human. In some embodiments, the constant regions from a human antibody are fused to the non-human variable regions. A humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment is useful as human therapeutics. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal, for example, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a goat, a sheep, a guinea pig, a hamster, or a non-human primate (for example, a monkey (e.g., cynomolgus or rhesus monkey) or an ape (e.g., chimpanzee, gorilla, simian or affen)) . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment is composed of substantially all human sequences except for the CDR sequences which are non-human. In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment is modified to improve the antibody performance, such as binding or binding affinity. For example, one or more amino acid residues in one or more non-human CDRs are altered to reduce potential immunogenicity in human, wherein the altered amino acid residues either are not critical for immunospecific binding or the alterations are conservative changes, such that the binding of the humanized antibody to the antigen is not significantly affected. In some embodiments, the FR regions derived from human may comprise the same amino acid sequence as the human antibody from which it is derived, or it may comprise some amino acid changes, for example, no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 changes of amino acid. In some embodiments, such change in amino acid could be present in heavy chain FR regions only, in light chain FR regions only, or in both chains.
[0080] As used herein, the term “natural amino acid” refers to any one of the common, naturally occurring L-amino acids found in naturally occurring proteins: glycine (Gly) , alanine (Ala) , valine (Val) , leucine (Leu) , isoleucine (Ile) , lysine (Lys) , arginine (Arg) , histidine (His) , proline (Pro) , serine (Ser) , threonine (Thr) , phenylalanine (Phe) , tyrosine (Tyr) , tryptophan (Trp) , aspartic acid (Asp) , glutamic acid (Glu) , asparagine (Asn) , glutamine (Gln) , cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) . As used herein, the term “non-natural amino acid” as used herein refers to any amino acid which is not a natural amino acid. This includes, for example, amino acids that comprise α-, β-, ω-, D-, L-amino acyl residues. More generally, the non-natural amino acid comprises a residue of the general formula wherein the side chain R is other than the amino acid side chains occurring in nature. Exemplary unnatural amino acids, include, but are not limited to, sarcosine (N-methylglycine) , citrulline (cit) , homocitrulline, β-ureidoalanine, thiocitrulline, hydroxyproline, allothreonine, pipecolic acid (homoproline) , α-aminoisobutyric acid, tert-butylglycine, tert-butylalanine, allo-isoleucine, norleucine, α-methylleucine, cyclohexylglycine, β-cyclohexylalanine, β-cyclopentylalanine, α-methylproline, phenylglycine, α-methylphenylalanine and homophenylalanine.
[0081] As used herein, the term “polypeptide” , “protein” or “peptide” can be a single amino acid or a polymer of amino acids. The polypeptide, protein or peptide as described in the present disclosure may contain naturally occurring amino acids and non-naturally-occurring amino acids, or analogs and mimetics thereof. The polypeptide, protein or peptide can be obtained by any method well known in the art, for example, but not limited to, by an isolation and a purification from natural materials, a recombinant expression, a chemical synthesis, etc.
[0082] As used herein, the term “biocompatible” as used herein is intended to describe compounds that exert minimal destructive or host response effects while in contact with body fluids or living cells or tissues. Thus, a biocompatible group, as used herein, refers to an aliphatic, cycloalkyl, heteroaliphatic, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, which falls within the definition of the term biocompatible, as defined above and herein. The term “biocompatibility” as used herein, is also taken to mean that the compounds exhibit minimal interactions with recognition proteins, e.g., naturally occurring antibodies, cell proteins, cells and other components of biological systems, unless such interactions are specifically desirable. Thus, substances and functional groups specifically intended to cause the above minimal interactions, e.g., drugs and prodrugs, are considered to be biocompatible. In some embodiments, compounds are “biocompatible” if their addition to normal cells in vitro, at concentrations similar to the intended systemic in vivo concentrations, results in less than or equal to 1%cell death during the time equivalent to the half-life of the compound in vivo (e.g., the period of time required for 50%of the compound administered in vivo to be eliminated / cleared) , and their administration in vivo induces minimal and medically acceptable inflammation, foreign body reaction, immunotoxicity, chemical toxicity and / or other such adverse effects. As used herein, the term “normal cells” refers to cells that are not intended to be destroyed or otherwise significantly affected by the compound being tested.
[0083] As used herein, “biodegradable” polymers are polymers that are susceptible to biological processing in vivo. As used herein, “biodegradable” compounds or moieties are those that, when taken up by cells, can be broken down by the lysosomal or other chemical machinery or by hydrolysis into components that the cells can either reuse or dispose of without significant toxic effect on the cells. The term “biocleavable” as used herein has the same meaning of “biodegradable” . The degradation fragments preferably induce little or no organ or cell overload or pathological processes caused by such overload or other adverse effects in vivo. Examples of biodegradation processes include enzymatic and non-enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. Suitable conditions for non-enzymatic hydrolysis of the biodegradable protein-polymer-drug conjugates (or their components, e.g., the biodegradable polymeric carrier and the linkers between the carrier and the antibody or the drug molecule) described herein, for example, include exposure of the biodegradable conjugates to water at a temperature and a pH of lysosomal intracellular compartment. Biodegradation of some protein-polymer-drug conjugates (or their components, e.g., the biodegradable polymeric carrier and the linkers between the carrier and the antibody or the drug molecule) , can also be enhanced extracellularly, e.g., in low pH regions of the animal body, e.g. an inflamed area, in the close vicinity of activated macrophages or other cells releasing degradation facilitating factors. In certain embodiments, the effective size of the polymer carrier at pH~7.5 does not detectably change over 1 to 7 days and remains within 50%of the original polymer size for at least several weeks. At pH~5, on the other hand, the polymer carrier preferably detectably degrades over 1 to 5 days and is completely transformed into low molecular weight fragments within a two-week to several-month time frame. Polymer integrity in such tests can be measured, for example, by size exclusion HPLC. Although faster degradation may be in some cases preferable, in general it may be more desirable that the polymer degrades in cells with the rate that does not exceed the rate of metabolization or excretion of polymer fragments by the cells. In certain embodiments, the polymers and polymer biodegradation byproducts are biocompatible.
[0084] As used herein, the term “bioavailability” refers to the systemic availability (i.e., blood / plasma levels) of a given amount of drug or compound administered to a subject. Bioavailability is an absolute term that indicates measurement of both the time (rate) and total amount (extent) of drug or compound that reaches the general circulation from an administered dosage form.
[0085] As used herein, the term “drug release mechanism” refers to a linking moiety that is biocleavable / biodegradable under intracellular conditions, such that the cleavage of the linking moiety release the drug in the intracellular environment. In some embodiments, the linking moiety is hydrolytically labile in water or in aqueous solutions including for example, body fluid such as blood, i.e., sensitive to hydrolysis at certain pHs. In some embodiments, the linking moiety is enzymatically labile, i.e., degradable by one or more enzymes. In some embodiments, the linking moiety is photo labile and is useful at the body surface and in many body cavities that are accessible to light. In some embodiments, the linking moiety is biocleavable under reducing conditions under which the activity of drug is not affected.
[0086] As used herein, the term “therapeutic agent” or “drug” refers to a compound, prodrug or payload which is biologically active and provides a desired physiological effectresponse following administration to a subject in need thereof (e.g., an active pharmaceutical ingredient) biological entity. Exemplary biological responses include, without limitation, increase or decrease in DNA or protein synthesis, upregulation or down-regulation of signalling pathways, and increase or decrease in cell proliferation, and the like. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is small molecule drug.
[0087] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound described in the present invention, which is safe and effective when used in a biological entity and has the expected biological activity. The pharmaceutically acceptable salt includes a salt with base or acid. Non-restrictive examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodate, sulfate, bisulfate, citrate, acetate, succinate, ascorbate, oxalate, nitrate, pearate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, salicylate, hydrogen citrate, tartrate, maleate, fumarate, formate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like.
[0088] As used herein, the term “small molecule” refers to molecules, whether naturally occurring or artificially created (e.g., via chemical synthesis) that have a relatively low molecular weight. Preferred small molecules are biologically active in that they produce a local or systemic effect in animals, such as mammals, for example humans. In certain embodiments, the small molecule is a drug, and the small molecule is referred to as “drug molecule” or “drug” or “therapeutic agent” . In certain embodiments, the drug molecule has MW less than or equal to about 5 kDa. In other embodiments, the drug molecule has MW less than or equal to about 1.5 kDa.
[0089] Classes of drug molecules that can be used in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, anti-cancer substances, radionuclides, vitamins, anti-AIDS substances, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, anti-viral substances, enzyme inhibitors, neurotoxins, opioids, hypnotics, anti-histamines, lubricants, tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, muscle relaxants and anti-Parkinson substances, anti-spasmodics and muscle contractants including channel blockers, miotics and anti-cholinergics, anti-glaucoma compounds, anti-parasite and / or anti-protozoal compounds, modulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cell growth inhibitors and anti-adhesion molecules, vasodilating agents, inhibitors of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, anti-hypertensives, analgesics, anti-pyretics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-angiogenic factors, anti-secretory factors, anticoagulants and / or antithrombotic agents, local anesthetics, ophthalmics, prostaglandins, anti-depressants, anti-psychotic substances, anti-emetics, imaging agents.
[0090] In certain embodiments, large molecules can be used as the therapeutic agents in the present disclosure. Examples of suitable large molecules include, but are not limited to, amino acid-based molecules, such as peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, or functional fragments thereof, among others.
[0091] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent used in the present disclosure is a therapeutic agent that has antiproliferative (cytostatic and / or cytotoxic) activity against a target cell or pathway. The drug may have a chemically reactive group such as, for example, -COOH, primary amine, secondary amine -NHR, -OH, -SH, -C (O) H, -C (O) R, -C (O) NHR’ , -C (S) OH, -S (O) 2OR’ , -P (O) 2OR’ , -CN, -NC or -ONO, in which R is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, carbocyclic or heterocycloalkyl moiety and R’ is a hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl moiety.
[0092] As used herein the term “cytotoxic” means toxic to cells or a selected cell population (e.g., cancer cells) . The toxic effect may result in cell death and / or lysis. In certain instances, the toxic effect may be a sublethal destructive effect on the cell, e.g., slowing or arresting cell growth. In order to achieve a cytotoxic effect, the drug or prodrug may be selected from a group consisting of a DNA damaging agent, a microtubule disrupting agent, or a cytotoxic protein or polypeptide, amongst others.
[0093] As used herein, the term “specific binding” or “specifically binds” refers to a non-random binding reaction between two molecules, such as for example between an antibody and an antigen. In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments provided herein specifically bind to a target antigen with a binding affinity (KD) of about 0.01 nM to about 100 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 100 nM, 0.01 nM to about 10 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 10 nM, 0.01 nM to about 1 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 1 nM or about 0.01 nM to about 0.1 nM) at pH 7.4. KD as used herein refers to the ratio of the dissociation rate to the association rate (koff / kon) , may be determined using surface plasmon resonance methods for example using instrument such as Biacore.
[0094] As used herein, the term “tumor antigen” refers to an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. Normal proteins in the body are not antigenic because of self-tolerance, a process in which self-reacting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and autoantibody -producing B lymphocytes are culled “centrally” in primary lymphatic tissue (BM) and “peripherally” in secondary lymphatic tissue (mostly thymus for T-cells and spleen / lymph nodes for B cells) . Thus, any protein that is not exposed to the immune system triggers an immune response. This may include normal proteins that are well sequestered from the immune system, proteins that are normally produced in extremely small quantities, proteins that are normally produced only in certain stages of development, or proteins whose structure is modified due to mutation.
[0095] As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to the amount necessary to elicit the desired biological response. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this art, the effective amount of an agent or device may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the agent to be delivered, the composition of the encapsulating matrix, the target tissue, etc. For example, the effective amount of microparticles containing an antigen to be delivered to immunize an individual is the amount that results in an immune response sufficient to prevent infection with an organism having the administered antigen.
[0096] As used herein, “molecular weight” or “MW” of a polymer or polymeric carrier / scaffold or polymer conjugates refers to the weight average molecular weight unless otherwise specified.
[0097] The present disclosure is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium. Isotopes of carbon include C13 and C14.
[0098] The present invention is intended to include all isomers of the compound, which refers to and includes, optical isomers, and tautomeric isomers, where optical isomers include enantiomers and diastereomers, chiral isomers and non-chiral isomers, and the optical isomers include isolated optical isomers as well as mixtures of optical isomers including racemic and non-racemic mixtures; where an isomer may be in isolated form or in a mixture with one or more other isomers.POLYMERIC CARRIER
[0099] The conjugates of the present disclosure are useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering, and the polymeric carrier used in the conjugate of the present disclosure is biocompatible and biodegradable. In some embodiments, the polymeric carrier is a soluble polymer, nanoparticle, gel, liposome, micelle, suture, implant, etc.
[0100] In some embodiments, the polymeric carrier can have a weight average molecular weight Mw of from about 400 to about 3,000,000 Da, for example, from about 1,000 to about 2,000,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 900,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 800,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 700,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 600,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 500,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 400,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 300,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 200,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 100,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 90,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 80,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 70,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 60,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 50,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 40,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 30,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 20,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 2,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 3,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 4,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 5,000 to about 10,000 Da.
[0101] In some embodiments, the polymeric carrier used in the present disclosure is polyglycerol. In certain embodiments, the polymeric carrier used in the present disclosure is linear polyglycerol. In certain embodiments, the linear polyglycerol can have a weight average molecular weight Mw of from about 400 to about 3,000,000 Da, for example, from about 1,000 to about 2,000,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 900,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 800,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 700,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 600,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 500,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 400,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 300,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 200,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 100,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 90,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 80,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 70,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 60,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 50,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 40,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 30,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 20,000 Da, from about 1,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 2,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 3,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 4,000 to about 10,000 Da, from about 5,000 to about 10,000 Da.THERAPEUTIC AGENT
[0102] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent used in the conjugate of the present disclosure is a small molecule having a molecular weight not more than about 5 kDa, not more than about 4 kDa, not more than about 3 kDa, not more than about 1.5 kDa or not more than about 1 kDa.
[0103] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent has an IC50 of less than about 1 μM.
[0104] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent has an IC50 of less than about 1 μM, less than about 0.9 μM, less than about 0.9 μM, less than about 0.8 μM, less than about 0.7 μM, less than about 0.6 μM, less than about 0.5 μM, less than about 0.4 μM, less than about 0.3 μM, less than about 0.2 μM or less than about 0.1 μM.
[0105] Some therapeutic agents having an IC50 of greater than about 1 μM are unsuitable for conjugation with a targeting moiety using art-recognized conjugation techniques. Without wishing to be bound by theory, such therapeutic agents have a potency that is insufficient for use in targeting moiety-drug conjugates using conventional techniques as sufficient copies of the drug (i.e., more than 8) cannot be conjugated using art-recognized techniques without resulting in diminished pharmacokinetic and physiochemical properties of the conjugate. However, using the conjugation strategies described herein, sufficiently high loadings of these less potent drugs can be achieved, thereby resulting in high loadings of the therapeutic agent while maintaining the desirable pharmacokinetic and physiochemical properties. Therefore, in some embodiment, the therapeutic agent having an IC50 of greater than about 1 μM is useful in the targeting moiety-linker-drug conjugate provided herein.
[0106] The small molecule therapeutic agents used in the present disclosure (e.g., antiproliferative (cytotoxic and cytostatic) agents capable of being linked to a polymer carrier) include cytotoxic compounds (e.g., broad spectrum) , angiogenesis inhibitors, cell cycle progression inhibitors, PI3K / m-TOR / AKT pathway inhibitors, MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, protein chaperones inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, Wnt / Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors and RNA polymerase inhibitors.
[0107] Broad spectrum cytotoxins include, but are not limited to, DNA-binding, intercalating or alkylating drugs, microtubule stabilizing and destabilizing agents, platinum compounds, topoisomerase I inhibitors and protein synthesis inhibitors.
[0108] Exemplary DNA-binding, intercalation or alkylating drugs include, CC-1065 and its analogs, anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, nemorubicin and its derivatives, PNU-159682) , bisnapththalimide compounds such as elinafide (LU79553) and its analogs, alkylating agents, such as calicheamicins, dactinomycines, mitromycines, pyrrolobenzodiazepines, and the like. Exemplary CC-1065 analogs include duocarmycin SA, duocarmycin A, duocarmycin C1, duocarmycin C2, duocarmycin B1, duocarmycin B2, duocarmycin D, DU-86, KW-2189, adozelesin, bizelesin, carzelesin, seco-adozelesin, and related analogs and prodrug forms, examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,475,092; 5,595,499; 5,846,545; 6,534,660; 6,586,618; 6,756,397 and 7,049,316. Doxorubicin and its analogs include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,579. Calicheamicins include, e.g., enediynes, e.g., esperamicin, and those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,714,586 and 5,739,116. Duocarmycins include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,070,092; 5,101,038; 5,187,186; 6,548,530; 6,660,742; and 7,553,816 B2; and Li et al., Tet Letts., 50: 2932-2935 (2009) .
[0109] Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD) and analogs thereof include those described in Denny, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents., 10 (4) : 459-474 (2000) and Antonow and Thurston, Chem Rev., 2815-2864 (2010) .
[0110] Exemplary microtubule stabilizing and destabilizing agents include taxane compounds, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, tesetaxel and carbazitaxel, maytansinoids, auristatins and analogs thereof, vinca alkaloid derivatives, epothilones and cryptophycins.
[0111] Exemplary maytansinoids or maytansinoid analogs include maytansinol and maytansinol analogs, maytansine or DM-1 and DM-4 are those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,208,020; 5,416,064; 6,333.410; 6,441,163; 6,716,821; RE39,151 and 7,276,497. In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic agent is a maytansinoid, another group of anti-tubulin agents (ImmunoGen, Inc.; see also Chari et al., 1992, Cancer Res. 52: 127-131) , maytansinoids or maytansinoid analogs. Examples of suitable maytansinoids include maytansinol and maytansinol analogs. Suitable maytansinoids are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,424,219; 4,256,746; 4,294,757; 4,307,016; 4,313,946; 4,315,929; 4,331,598; 4,361,650; 4,362,663; 4,364,866; 4,450,254; 4,322,348; 4,371,533; 6,333,410; 5,475,092; 5,585,499; and 5,846,545.
[0112] Exemplary auristatins include auristatin E (also known as a derivative of dolastatin-10) , auristatin EB (AEB) , auristatin EFP (AEFP) , monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) , monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) , auristatin F, auristatin F phenylenediamine (AFP) , auristatin F HPA and dolastatin. Suitable auristatins are also described in U. S. Publication Nos. 2003 / 0083263, 2011 / 0020343, and 2011 / 0070248, PCT Application Publication Nos. WO 09 / 117531, WO 2005 / 081711, WO 04 / 010957, WO 02 / 088172 and WO01 / 24763, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,498,298; 6,884,869; 6,323,315; 6,239,104; 6,124,431; 6,034,065; 5,780,588; 5,767,237; 5,665,860; 5,663,149; 5,635,483; 5,599,902; 5,554,725; 5,530,097; 5,521,284; 5,504,191; 5,410,024; 5,138,036; 5,076,973; 4,986,988; 4,978,744; 4,879,278; 4,816,444; and 4,486,414, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0113] Exemplary vinca alkaloids include vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, and navelbine (vinorelbine) . Suitable Vinca alkaloids that can be used in the present disclosure are also disclosed in U.S. Publication Nos. 2002 / 0103136 and 2010 / 0305149, and in U.S. Pat. No. 7,303,749 B1, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0114] Exemplary epothilone compounds include epothilone A, B, C, D, E and F, and derivatives thereof. Suitable epothilone compounds and derivatives thereof are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,956,036; 6,989,450; 6,121,029; 6,117,659; 6,096,757; 6,043,372; 5,969,145; and 5,886,026; and WO 97 / 19086; WO 98 / 08849; WO 98 / 22461; WO 98 / 25929; WO 98 / 38192; WO 99 / 01124; WO 99 / 02514; WO 99 / 03848; WO 99 / 07692; WO 99 / 27890; and WO 99 / 28324; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0115] Exemplary cryptophycin compounds are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,680,311 and 6,747,021.
[0116] Exemplary platinum compounds include cisplatin carboplatin oxaliplatin iproplatin, ormaplatin, and tetraplatin.
[0117] Still other classes of compounds or compounds with these or other cytotoxic modes of action may be selected, including, e.g., mitomycin C, mitomycin A, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, aminopterin, bleomycin, 1- (chloromethyl) -2, 3-dihydro-1H-benzo [e] indol-5-ol, pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) polyamide and dimers thereof. Other suitable cytotoxic agents include, for example, puromycins, topotecan, rhizoxin, echinomycin, combretastatin, netropsin, estramustine, cryptophysins, cemadotin, discodermolide, eleutherobin, and mitoxantrone.
[0118] Exemplary topoisomerase I inhibitors include camptothecin, camptothecin derivatives, camptothecin analogs and non-natural camptothecins, such as, for example, CPT-11 (irinotecan) , SN-38, GI-147211C, topotecan, 9-aminocamptothecin, 7-hydroxymethyl camptothecin, 7-aminomethyl camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, (20S) -camptothecin, rubitecan, gimatecan, karenitecin, silatecan, lurtotecan, exatecan, diflomotecan, belotecan, lurtotecan and 539625. Other camptothecin compounds that can be used in the present invention include those described in, for example, J. Med. Chem., 29: 2358-2363 (1986) ; J. Med. Chem., 23: 554 (1980) ; J. Med. Chem., 30: 1774 (1987) .
[0119] Angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited, MetAP2 inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, PIGF inhibitors, VGFR inhibitors, PDGFR inhibitors, MetAP2 inhibitors. Exemplary VGFR and PDGFR inhibitors include sorafenib (Nexavar) , sunitinib (Sutent) and vatalanib. Exemplary MetAP2 inhibitors include fumagillol analogs, meaning any compound that includes the fumagillin core structure, including fumagillamine, that inhibits the ability of MetAP-2 to remove NH2-terminal methionines from proteins as described in Rodeschini et al., J. Org. Chem., 69, 357-373, 2004 and Liu, et al., Science 282, 1324-1327, 1998. Non limiting examples of “fumagillol analogs” are disclosed in J. Org. Chem., 69, 357, 2004; J. Org. Chem., 70, 6870, 2005; European Patent Application 0 354 787; J. Med. Chem., 49, 5645, 2006; Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 5051, 2003; Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 91, 2004; Tet. Lett. 40, 4797, 1999; WO99 / 61432; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,603,812; 5,789,405; 5,767,293; 6,566,541; and 6,207,704.
[0120] Exemplary cell cycle progression inhibitors include CDK inhibitors such as, for example, BMS-387032 and PD0332991; Rho-kinase inhibitors such as, for example GSK429286; checkpoint kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD7762; aurora kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD1152, MLN8054 and MLN8237; PLK inhibitors such as, for example, BI 2536, BI6727 (Volasertib) , GSK461364, ON-01910 (Estybon) ; and KSP inhibitors such as, for example, SB 743921, SB 715992 (ispinesib) , MK-0731, AZD8477, AZ3146 and ARRY-520.
[0121] Exemplary PI3K / m-TOR / AKT signaling pathway inhibitors include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, GSK-3 inhibitors, ATM inhibitors, DNA-PK inhibitors and PDK-1 inhibitors.
[0122] Exemplary PI3 kinase inhibitors are disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 6, 608, 053, and include BEZ235, BGT226, BKM120, CAL101, CAL263, demethoxyviridin, GDC-0941, GSK615, IC87114, LY294002, Palomid 529, perifosine, PI-103, PF-04691502, PX-866, SAR245408, SAR245409, SF1126, Wortmannin, XL147 and XL765.
[0123] Exemplary AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to AT7867.
[0124] Exemplary MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors include MEK, Ras, JNK, B-Raf and p38 MAPK inhibitors.
[0125] Exemplary MEK inhibitors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,517,994 and include GDC-0973, GSK1120212, MSC1936369B, AS703026, RO5126766 and RO4987655, PD0325901, AZD6244, AZD 8330 and GDC-0973.
[0126] Exemplary B-raf inhibitors include CDC-0879, PLX-4032, and SB590885.
[0127] Exemplary B p38 MAPK inhibitors include BIRB 796, LY2228820 and SB 202190.
[0128] Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are cell surface receptors which are often associated with signaling pathways stimulating uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells and neoangiogenesis. Many RTKs, which over express or have mutations leading to constitutive activation of the receptor, have been identified, including, but not limited to, VEGFR, EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, EphR and RET receptor family receptors. Exemplary specific RTK targets include ErbB2, FLT-3, c-Kit, and c-Met.
[0129] Exemplary inhibitors of ErbB2 receptor (EGFR family) include but not limited to AEE788 (NVP-AEE 788) , BIBW2992, (Afatinib) , Lapatinib, Erlotinib (Tarceva) , and Gefitinib (Iressa) .
[0130] Exemplary RTK inhibitors targeting more then one signaling pathway (multitargeted kinase inhibitors) include AP24534 (Ponatinib) that targets FGFR, FLT-3, VEGFR-PDGFR and Bcr-Abl receptors; ABT-869 (Linifanib) that targets FLT-3 and VEGFR-PDGFR receptors; AZD2171 that targets VEGFR-PDGFR, Flt-1 and VEGF receptors; CHR-258 (Dovitinib) that targets VEGFR-PDGFR, FGFR, Flt-3, and c-Kit receptors; Sunitinib (Sutent) that targets VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT, FLT-3 and CSF-IR; Sorafenib (Nexavar) and Vatalanib that target VEGFR, PDGFR as well as intracellular serine / threonine kinases in the Raf / Mek / Erk pathway.
[0131] Exemplary protein chaperon inhibitors include HSP90 inhibitors. Exemplary HSP90 inhibitors include 17AAG derivatives, BIIB021, BIIB028, SNX-5422, NVP-AUY-922 and KW-2478.
[0132] Exemplary HDAC inhibitors include Belinostat (PXD101) , CUDC-101, Droxinostat, ITF2357 (Givinostat, Gavinostat) , JNJ-26481585, LAQ824 (NVP-LAQ824, Dacinostat) , LBH-589 (Panobinostat) , MC1568, MGCD0103 (Mocetinostat) , MS-275 (Entinostat) , PCI-24781, Pyroxamide (NSC 696085) , SB939, Trichostatin A and Vorinostat (SAHA) .
[0133] Exemplary PARP inhibitors include iniparib (BSI 201) , olaparib (AZD-2281) , ABT-888 (Veliparib) , AG014699, CEP 9722, MK 4827, KU-0059436 (AZD2281) , LT-673, 3-aminobenzamide, A-966492, and AZD2461.
[0134] Exemplary Wnt / Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors include vismodegib (RG3616 / GDC-0449) , cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine) (Hedgehog pathway inhibitors) and XAV-939 (Wnt pathway inhibitor) .
[0135] Exemplary RNA polymerase inhibitors include amatoxins. Exemplary amatoxins include α-amanitins, β-amanitins, γ-amanitins, ε-amanitins, amanullin, amanullic acid, amaninamide, amanin, and proamanullin.
[0136] Exemplary protein synthesis inhibitors include trichothecene compounds.
[0137] In some embodiment, the therapeutic agent of the present disclosure is a topoisomerase inhibitor (such as, for example, a non-natural camptothecin compound) , vinca alkaloid, kinase inhibitor (e.g., PI3 kinase inhibitor (GDC-0941 and PI-103) ) , MEK inhibitor, KSP inhibitor, RNA polymerase inhibitor, protein synthesis inhibitor, PARP inhibitor, docetaxel, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, duocarmycin, auristatin, dolastatin, calicheamicins, topotecan, SN38, camptothecin, exatecan, nemorubicin and its derivatives, PNU-159682, CC1065, elinafide, trichothecene, pyrrolobenzodiazepines, maytansinoids, DNA-binding drugs or a platinum compound, and analogs thereof. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a derivative of SN-38, camptothecin, topotecan, exatecan, calicheamicin, exatecan, nemorubicin, PNU-159682, anthracycline, maytansinoid, taxane, trichothecene, CC1065, elinafide, vindesine, vinblastine, PI-103, AZD 8330, dolastatin, auristatin E, auristatin F, a duocarmycin compound, ispinesib, pyrrolobenzodiazepine, ARRY-520 and stereoisomers, isosteres and analogs thereof.
[0138] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent used in the present disclosure is a combination of two or more drugs, such as, for example, PI3 kinase inhibitors and MEK inhibitors; broad spectrum cytotoxic compounds and platinum compounds; PARP inhibitors and platinum compounds; broad spectrum cytotoxic compounds and PARP inhibitors.
[0139] One skilled in the art will readily understand that each of the therapeutic agents described herein can be modified in such a manner that the resulting compound still retains the specificity and / or activity of the original compound. The skilled artisan will also understand that many of these compounds can be used in place of the therapeutic agents described herein. Thus, the therapeutic agents of the present disclosure include analogs and derivatives of the compounds described herein.
[0140] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent has antiproliferative activity against a target cell or pathway.
[0141] In certain embodiments, the antiproliferative activity is selected from cytostatic and / or cytotoxic activity.
[0142] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from anti-cancer substances, cytotoxic drugs, radionuclides, vitamins, anti-AIDS substances, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, immunomodulatory compounds, therapeutic RNAs, anti-viral substances, enzyme inhibitors, neurotoxins, opioids, hypnotics, anti-histamines, tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, muscle relaxants and anti-Parkinson substances, anti-spasmodics and muscle contractants including channel blockers, miotics and anti-cholinergics, anti-glaucoma compounds, anti-parasite and / or anti-protozoal compounds, modulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cell growth inhibitors and anti-adhesion molecules, vasodilating agents, inhibitors of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, anti-hypertensives, analgesics, anti-pyretics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-angiogenic factors, antisecretory factors, anticoagulants and / or antithrombotic agents, local anesthetics, ophthalmics, prostaglandins, anti-depressants, anti -psychotic substances, anti-emetics, imaging agents.
[0143] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent comprises amino acid-based molecules.
[0144] In certain embodiments, the amino acid-based molecules comprise peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, or functional fragments thereof.
[0145] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent has a chemically reactive group.
[0146] In certain embodiments, the chemically reactive group comprises -COOH, primary amine (-NH2) , secondary amine (-NHR) , -OH, -SH, -C (O) H, -C (O) R14, -C (O) NHR15, -C (S) OH, -S (O) 2OR15, -P (O) 2OR15, -CN, -NC or -ONO, in which R14 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, carbocyclic or heterocycloalkyl moiety and R15 is selected from a hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.LINKER-POLYMER-DRUG COMPOUND
[0147] In one aspect, there is provided a polymeric scaffold of Formula (I) : wherein: the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba; Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH- or -A-; A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol; each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol; each D is independently a therapeutic agent; each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; and each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.
[0148] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 10, from 0 to 9, from 0 to 8, from 0 to 7, from 0 to 6, from 0 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 0 to 3, or from 0 to 2.
[0149] In some embodiments, m is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0150] In some embodiments, p is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0151] In some embodiments, q is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0152] In some embodiments, t1 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 25, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 15, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, t1 is 1. In certain embodiments, t1 is 2. In certain embodiments, t1 is 3.
[0153] In some embodiments, t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 25, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 15, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, t2 is 1. In certain embodiments, t2 is 2. In certain embodiments, t2 is 3.
[0154] In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 1. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 2. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 3. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is 1. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is 2. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is 3.
[0155] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a functional group on the targeting moiety with a click reaction.
[0156] In certain embodiments, Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0157] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0158] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety, and the amino acid is a natural amino acid, a non-natural amino acid or combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the natural amino acid is selected from cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid.
[0159] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety.
[0160] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety and Wp is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R1 is a sulfur protecting group, and each R2 is independently a leaving group.
[0161] In certain embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from halo or R2aC (O) O-, and R2a is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0162] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety.
[0163] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety, and Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0164] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a non-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0165] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a non-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety and Wp is selected from
[0166] In some embodiments, L is
[0167] In some embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of: R3, wherein *is the site covalently attached to L, **is the site covalently attached to Ba; R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 heteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -, aryl, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-10 alkyl) -, 4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-C (=O) -, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-C (=O) -, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -C (=O) -, -aryl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-C (=O) -, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-C= (O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-NH-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-NH-, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -NH-, -aryl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-NH-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -NH-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -NH-, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-S-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-S-, -O-C1-8 alkyl-S-, -aryl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-S-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -S-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -S-, and – (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-; each R4 independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or -COO-C1-6 alkyl; R5 is -C (O) -NR5a-or -NR5a-C (O) -; R5a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; R6 is a bond or -NR6a- (CR6bR6c) -C (O) -; R6a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; each R6b and R6c independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, hydroxylated C6-10 aryl, polyhydroxylated C6-10 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl, polyhydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl or a side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid; each n1 independently is an integer from 0 to 6; n2 is an integer from 0 to 8; each n3 independently is an integer from 1 to 6; n4 is an integer from 1 to 4; and each n5 is independently an integer from 1 to 4.
[0168] In certain embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of:
[0169] In some embodiments, G1 is selected from the group consisting of: wherein*is the site covalently attached to LP, each R7 is independently selected from a direct bond, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and R7a is selected from hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0170] In some embodiments, each Lp independently comprises a labile structure.
[0171] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is selected from redox labile structures, hydrolytically labile structures or enzymatic labile structures.
[0172] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a redox labile structure.
[0173] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a redox labile structure having a structure of and each R18 is independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl.
[0174] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a hydrolytically labile structure.
[0175] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a hydrolytically labile structure selected from the group consisting of: wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, R8 is selected from hydrogen, alky or aryl, R9 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.
[0176] In some embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl.
[0177] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is
[0178] In some embodiments, the labile structure is an enzymatic labile structure.
[0179] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is an enzymatic labile structure liable to enzymes selected from Cathepsin B, phosphatase, sulfatase, or glucuronidase.
[0180] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to cathepsin B and is selected from -Z-or wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, Z is a substrate for cathepsin B comprising 2 to 4 amino acids, and R7a is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) .
[0181] In certain embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl.
[0182] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is
[0183] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to glucuronidase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D.
[0184] In some embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl, ) and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl.
[0185] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is selected from:
[0186] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to phosphatase and is selected from wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R10 and R11 is independently hydrogen, aliphatic (such as alkyl, e.g., C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0187] In some embodiments, G1 is In some embodiments, R7 is hydrogen or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R7 is hydrogen, C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0188] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is selected from the group consisting of:
[0189] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structures are liable to sulfatase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R12 and R13 is independently hydrogen, -NH-, aliphatic (such as alkyl, e.g., C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0190] In some embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0191] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is:
[0192] In some embodiments, T is hydrogen.
[0193] In some embodiments, T is alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is C1-6alkyl, C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl, or C1-2alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.
[0194] In some embodiments, T is aryl. In certain embodiments, T is C6-12 aryl, C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, C6-8 aryl, or C6-7 aryl. In certain embodiments, T is phenyl.
[0195] In some embodiments, T is heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, T is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, T is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl.
[0196] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 1 to 100; m is an integer from 1 to 100; p is an integer from 1 to 50; and each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and t1+t2 is at least 3.
[0197] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent has antiproliferative activity against a target cell or pathway.
[0198] In certain embodiments, the antiproliferative activity is selected from cytostatic and / or cytotoxic activity.
[0199] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from anti-cancer substances, cytotoxic drugs, radionuclides, vitamins, anti-AIDS substances, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, immunomodulatory compounds, therapeutic RNAs, anti-viral substances, enzyme inhibitors, neurotoxins, opioids, hypnotics, anti-histamines, tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, muscle relaxants and anti-Parkinson substances, anti-spasmodics and muscle contractants including channel blockers, miotics and anti-cholinergics, anti-glaucoma compounds, anti-parasite and / or anti-protozoal compounds, modulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cell growth inhibitors and anti-adhesion molecules, vasodilating agents, inhibitors of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, anti-hypertensives, analgesics, anti-pyretics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-angiogenic factors, antisecretory factors, anticoagulants and / or antithrombotic agents, local anesthetics, ophthalmics, prostaglandins, anti-depressants, anti -psychotic substances, anti-emetics, imaging agents.
[0200] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an amino acid-based molecule.
[0201] In certain embodiments, the amino acid-based molecule is selected from peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, or functional fragments thereof.
[0202] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent has a chemically reactive group.
[0203] In certain embodiments, the chemically reactive group comprises -COOH, primary amine, secondary amine (-NHR) , -OH, -SH, -C (O) H, C (O) R14. -C (O) NHR15, C (S) OH, -S (O) 2OR15, -P (O) 2OR15, -CN, -NC or -ONO, in which R14 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and R15 is selected from a hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0204] In certain embodiments, G2 is selected from -OH, -OR16, -N (R16) 2, -COOH, -COOR16, -OP (O) (OH) 2, -OP (O) (OR16) 2, -OP (O) (OH) (OR16) , -OS (O) 2OH, or -OS (O) 2OR16, and each R16 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic (such as alkyl) , heteroaliphatic (such as heteroalkyl) , cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R16 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R16 is heteroalkyl, such as
[0205] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein WL is a functional group connected to stretcher Ma; each Z is independently a branching point; each R19 is independently a linker connecting Z to WM; each WM is independently a functional group connected to -NH-or -A-; r is an integer from 1-3; t is an integer from 1-3; wherein *is the site covalently attached to Ma, **is the site covalently attached to - A-or -NH-.
[0206] In certain embodiments, Z is -CH (3-r) -, -SiH (3-r) -or -NH (2-r) -.
[0207] In certain embodiments, R19 is selected from a group consisting of an aliphatic (such as alkyl) , heteroaliphatic (such as heteroalkyl) , cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R19 is alkyl or heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R19 is heteroalkyl.
[0208] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0209] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0210] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0211] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0212] In certain embodiments, Ba is
[0213] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein two WM are connected to -NH-, and one WM is connected to -A-.
[0214] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein one WM is connected to -NH-, and two WM are connected to -A-.
[0215] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein three WM are connected to -A-.
[0216] In some embodiments, WL is selected from a group consisting of a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC (=NH) NH-, -NHC (O) O-, and -NHC (O) NH-.
[0217] In some embodiments, R19 is selected from an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl. In certrain embodiments, R19 is heteroaliphatic.
[0218] In certain embodiments, R19 is -CH2 (OCH2CH2) 1-5-.
[0219] In certain embodiments, -CH2OCH2CH2-.
[0220] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0221] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0222] In some embodiments, A is RA is hydrogen or alkyl, *is the site covalently attached to WM.
[0223] In some embodiments, A is and WM is optionally WM is
[0224] In some embodiments, A is and WM is selected from optionally WM is
[0225] In some embodiments, G1 is and R7 is alkyl. In certain embodiments, G1 is
[0226] In certain embodiments, Ba is
[0227] In certain embodiments, the polymeric scaffold provided herein is selected from the group consisting of: wherein LINKER-POLYMER COMPOUND
[0228] The present disclosure also relates to a linker-polymer compound that can further bind to a drug moiety to form the linker-polymer-drug compounds provided herein.
[0229] Therefore, in a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a polymeric scaffold of Formula (II) : wherein, the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba moiety; Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH- or -A-; A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; each G3 independently comprises a functional group capable of reacting with a reactive group in a drug release mechanism to connect the drug release mechanism to the linear polyglycerol; T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; each of n, m, p and q is an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.
[0230] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 10, from 0 to 9, from 0 to 8, from 0 to 7, from 0 to 6, from 0 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 0 to 3, or from 0 to 2.
[0231] In some embodiments, m is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0232] In some embodiments, p is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0233] In some embodiments, q is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0234] In some embodiments, t1 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, t1 is 1. In certain embodiments, t1 is 2. In certain embodiments, t1 is 3.
[0235] In some embodiments, t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, t2 is 1. In certain embodiments, t2 is 2. In certain embodiments, t2 is 3.
[0236] In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 1. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 2. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 3.
[0237] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a functional group on the targeting moiety with a click reaction.
[0238] In certain embodiments, Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0239] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0240] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety, and the amino acid is a natural amino acid, a non-natural amino acid or combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the natural amino acid is selected from cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
[0241] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety.
[0242] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety and each Wp is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R1 is a sulfur protecting group, and each R2 is independently a leaving group.
[0243] In certain embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from halo or R2aC (O) O-, and R2a is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0244] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety.
[0245] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety, and Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0246] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a non-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0247] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with one or more non-natural amino acids on the targeting moietyand Wp is selected from
[0248] In some embodiments, L is
[0249] In some embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of: R3, wherein *is the site covalently attached to L, **is the site covalently attached to Ba; R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 heteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -, aryl, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-10 alkyl) -, 4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-C (=O) -, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-C (=O) -, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -C (=O) -, -aryl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-C (=O) -, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-C= (O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-NH-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-NH-, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -NH-, -aryl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-NH-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -NH-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -NH-, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-S-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-S-, -O-C1-8 alkyl-S-, -aryl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-S-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -S-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -S-, and - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-; each R4 independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or -COO-C1-6 alkyl; R5 is -C (O) -NR5a or -NR5a-C (O) -; R5a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; R6 is a bond or -NR6a- (CR6bR6c) -C (O) -; R6a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; each R6b and R6c independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, hydroxylated C6-10 aryl, polyhydroxylated C6-10 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl, polyhydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl or a side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid; each n1 independently is an integer from 0 to 6; n2 is an integer from 0 to 8; each n3 independently is an integer from 1 to 6; n4 is an integer from 1 to 4; and each n5 is independently an integer from 1 to 4.
[0250] In certain embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of:
[0251] In some embodiments, T is hydrogen. In some embodiments, T is alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is C1-6alkyl, C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl, or C1-2alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl. In some embodiments, T is aryl. In certain embodiments, T is phenyl. In some embodiments, T is heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, T is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl.
[0252] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein WL is a functional group connected to stretcher Ma; each Z is independently a branching point; each R19 is independently a linker connecting Z to WM; each WM is independently a functional group connected to -NH-or -A-; r is an integer from 1-3; t is an integer from 1-3; wherein *is the site covalently attached to Ma, **is the site covalently attached to - A-or -NH-.
[0253] In certain embodiments, Z is -CH (3-r) -, -SiH (3-r) -or -NH (2-r) -.
[0254] In certain embodiments, R19 is selected from a group consisting of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R19 is alkyl or heteroalkyl.
[0255] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0256] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0257] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0258] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0259] In certain embodiments, Ba is
[0260] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein two WM are connected to -NH-, and one WM is connected to -A-.
[0261] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein one WM is connected to -NH-, and two WM are connected to -A-.
[0262] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein three WM are connected to -A-.
[0263] In some embodiments, WL is selected from a group consisting of a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC (=NH) NH-, -NHC (O) O-, and -NHC (O) NH-.
[0264] In some embodiments, R19 is selected from an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl. In certrain embodiments, R19 is heteroaliphatic.
[0265] In certain embodiments, R19 is -CH2 (OCH2CH2) 1-5-.
[0266] In certain embodiments, -CH2OCH2CH2-.
[0267] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0268] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0269] In some embodiments, A is RA is hydrogen or alkyl, *is the site covalently attached to WM.
[0270] In some embodiments, A is and WM is optionally WM is
[0271] In some embodiments, A is and WM is selected from In some embodiments, WM is
[0272] In some embodiments, G1 is and R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl. In certain embodiments, G1 is
[0273] In certain embodiments, Ba is
[0274] In some embodiments, each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 1 to 5, each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and t1+t2 is at least 3.
[0275] In some embodiments, G2 and G3 are independently selected from and each R17 is independently selected from a direct bond, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.
[0276] In some embodiments, the polymeric scaffold provided herein has a structure selected from wherein,
[0277] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 10, from 0 to 9, from 0 to 8, from 0 to 7, from 0 to 6, from 0 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 0 to 3, or from 0 to 2. In certain embodiments, n is 1.
[0278] In some embodiments, m is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, m is 4.
[0279] In some embodiments, p is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, p is 3.
[0280] In some embodiments, q is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2. In certain embodiments, q is 1.
[0281] In some embodiments, m is 4, n is 1, p is 3, and q is 1.TARGETING MOIETY
[0282] The targeting moiety directs the linker-polymer-drug conjugates provided herein to specific tissues, cells, or locations in a cell. The targeting moiety can direct the linker-polymer-drug conjugates provided herein in culture or in a whole organism, or both. In each case, the targeting moiety can bind to a ligand that is present on the cell surface of the targeted cell (s) with an effective specificity, affinity, and avidity. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety targets the linker-therepeutic agent conjugates provided herein to a specific tissue such as the liver, kidney, lung, or pancreas. The targeting moiety can target the linker-therepeutic agent conjugates provided herein to a target cell such as a cancer cell, a matrix tissue, a protein associated with cancer such as tumor antigen, or a cell comprising the tumor vasculature.
[0283] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can target the linker-polymer-drug conjugates provided herein to a location within the cell, such as the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or the endosome. In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety can enhance cellular binding to receptors, or cytoplasmic transport to the nucleus and nuclear entry or release from endosomes or other intracellular vesicles.
[0284] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises natural amino acids that are capable of reacting with a functional group in the modified polymer moiety of the linker-drug conjugate to form a covalent bond. In certain embodiments, the natural amino acid includes cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
[0285] In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises cysteine and the targeting moiety is conjugated to the polymer-drug conjugate by a covalent bond via the sulfhydryl group and a functional group of the modified polymer moiety in the linker-polymer-drug conjugates.
[0286] In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises lysine and the targeting moiety is conjugated to the polymer-drug conjugate by a covalent bond via the amino group and a functional group of the modified polymer moiety in the polymer-drug conjugate.
[0287] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety may comprise non-natural amino acids that are capable of reacting with a functional group in the polymer moiety of the polymer-drug conjugate to form a covalent bond. In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety is conjugated to the polymer-drug conjugate by a covalent bond via the amino group and a functional group of the modified polymer moiety in the polymer-drug conjugate.
[0288] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety may comprise functional groups that are capable of reacting with a functional group in the modified polymer moiety of the polymer-drug conjugate via click reaction to form a covalent bond.
[0289] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is selected from a polypeptide, an antibody, an enzyme or a fragment thereof.
[0290] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an antibody. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety A is selected from an IgG1 antibody, an IgG2 antibody, an IgG3 antibody, an IgG4 antibody or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety A is selected from the group consisting of a Fab, a Fab’ , a F (ab’ ) 2, a Fd, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a bispecific dsFv (dsFv-dsFv’ ) , a disulfide stabilized diabody (ds diabody) , a single-chain antibody molecule (scFv) , an scFv dimer, a multispecific antibody, a camelized single domain antibody, a nanobody, a domain antibody, a bivalent domain antibody, a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody.
[0291] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be antibodies or fragments thereof specific to cell surface markers, including but not limited to, 5T4, AOC3, ALK, AXL, BCMA, C242, CA-125, CCL11, CCR 5, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD15, CA15-3, CD18, CD19, CA19-9, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD28, CD30, CD31, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD41, CD44, CD44 v6, CD51, CD52, CD54, CD56, CD62E, CD62P, CD62L, CD70, CD74, CD79-B, CD80, CD125, CD138, CD141, CD147, CD152, CD 154, CD326, CEA, clumping factor, CTLA-4, CXCR2, EGFR (HER1) , ErbB2, ErbB3, EpCAM, EPHA2, EPHB2, EPHB4, FGFR (i.e. FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4) , FLT3, folate receptor, FAP, GD2, GD3, GPNMB, HGF, HMI. 24, ICAM, ICOS-L, IGF-1 receptor, VEGFR1, EphA2, TRPV1, CFTR, CA9, Cripto, c-KIT, c-MET, ACE, APP, adrenergic receptor-beta2, Claudine 3, Mesothelin, MUC1, NaPi2b, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4, RON, ROR1, PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-B4, IL-2 receptor, IL-4 receptor, IL-13 receptor, Trop-2, integrins (including α4, αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, α1β4, α4β1, α4β7, α5β1, α6β4, αIIbβ3 intergins) , IFN-α, IFN-γ, IgE, IgE, IGF-1 receptor, IL-1, IL-12, IL-23, IL-13, IL-22, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon receptor, ITGB2 (CD18) , LFA-1 (CD11a) , L-selectin (CD62L) , MSR1, mucin, MUC1, MUC16, myostatin, NCA-90, NGF, PDGFRα, phosphatidylserine, prostatic carcinoma cell, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rabies, RANKL, respiratory syncytial virus, Rhesus factor, SLAMF7, sphingosine-1-phosphate, STEAP2, TAG-72, T-cell receptor, tenascin C, TGF-1, TGF-β2, TGF-β, TNF-α, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, tumor antigen CTAA16.88, UPK3A, VEGF-A, VEGFR2, vimentin, and the like.
[0292] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an antibody selected from or derived from an anti-DLL-3 antibody, an anti-MUC16 antibody, an anti-ENPP3 antibody, an anti-TDGF1 antibody, an anti-MSLN antibody, an anti-TIM-1 antibody, an anti-LRRC15 antibody, an anti-LIV-1 antibody, an anti-CanAg / AFP antibody, an anti-Mesothelin antibody, an anti-c-MET antibody, an anti-SLITRK6 antibody, an anti-KIT / CD117 antibody, an anti-STEAP1 antibody, an anti-SLAMF7 / CS1 antibody, an anti-NaPi2B / SLC34A2 antibody, an anti-GPNMB antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-MUC1 / CD227 antibody, an anti-AXL antibody, an anti-PTK7 / CCK4 antibody, an anti-PRLR antibody, an anti-EFNA4 antibody, an anti-5T4 antibody, an anti-NOTCH3 antibody, an anti-Nectin 4 antibody, an anti-CA6 antibody, an anti-GPR20 antibody, an anti-EphA2 antibody, an anti-FGFR2 antibody, an anti-FGFR3 antibody, an anti-FRα antibody, an anti-CEACAMs antibody, an anti-GCC antibody, an anti-Integrin Av antibody, an anti-CAIX antibody, an anti-P-cadherin antibody, an anti-GD3 antibody, an anti-Cadherin 6 antibody, an anti-LAMP1 antibody, an anti-FLT3 antibody, an anti-BCMA antibody, an anti-Tissue Factor antibody, an anti-Foliate Receptor antibody, an anti-ROR1 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-EGFR antibody, an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-B7H3 antibody, an anti-B7H4 antibody, anti-CD19 antibody, an anti-CD20 antibody, an anti-CD22 antibody, an anti-CD25 antibody, an anti-CD30 antibody, an anti-CD33 antibody, an anti-CD37 antibody, an anti-CD46 antibody, an anti-CD47 antibody, an anti-CD56 antibody, an anti-CD70 antibody, an anti-CD71 antibody, an anti-CD74 antibody, an anti-CD79b antibody, an anti-CD123 antibody, an anti-CD138 antibody, an anti-CD142 antibody, an anti-CD166 antibody, an anti-CD174 antibody, an anti-CD352 antibody, an anti-Claudin6 antibody, an anti-Claudin 18.2 antibody, an anti-GPC3 antibody, an anti-LYPD3 antibody, an anti-BCMA antibody, an anti-CLL1 antibody, an anti-FLT3 antibody, an anti-Nectin-4 antibody, an anti-Tissue Factor antibody, an anti-Foliate Receptor antibody, an anti-cMet antibody, an anti-ROR1 antibody, and an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody.
[0293] Exemplary antibodies include 3F8, abagovomab, abciximab (REOPRO) , adalimumab (HUMIRA) , adecatumumab, afelimomab, afutuzumab, alacizumab, ALD518, alemtuzumab (CAMPATH) , altumomab, amatuximab, anatumomab, anrukinzumab, apolizumab, arcitumomab (CEA-SCAN) , aselizumab, atlizumab (tocilizumab, Actemra, RoActemra) , atorolimumab, bapineuzumab, basiliximab (Simulect) , bavituximab, bectumomab (LYMPHOSCAN) , belimumab (BENLYSTA) , benralizumab, bertilimumab, besilesomab (SCINITIMUN) , bevacizumab (AVASTIN) , biciromab (FIBRISCINT) , bivatuzumab, blinatumomab, brentuximab, briakinumab, canakinumab (ILARIS) , cantuzumab, capromab, catumaxomab (REMOVAB) , CC49, cedelizumab, certolizumab, cetuximab (ERBITUX) , citatuzumab, cixutumumab, clenoliximab, clivatuzumab, conatumumab, CR6261, dacetuzumab, daclizumab (ZENAPAX) , daratumumab, denosumab (PROLIA) , detumomab, dorlimomab, dorlixizumab, ecromeximab, eculizumab (SOLIRIS) , edobacomab, edrecolomab (PANOREX) , efalizumab (RAPTIVA) , efungumab (MYCOGRAB) , elotuzumab, elsilimomab, enlimomab, epitumomab, epratuzumab, erlizumab, ertumaxomab (REXOMUN) , etaracizumab (ABEGRIN) , exbivirumab, fanolesomab (NEUTROSPEC) , faralimomab, farletuzumab, felvizumab, fezakinumab, figitumumab, fontolizumab (HuZAF) , foravirumab, fresolimumab, galiximab, gantenerumab, gavilimomab, gemtuzumab, girentuximab, glembatumumab, golimumab (SIMPONI) , gomiliximab, ibalizumab, ibritumomab, igovomab (INDIMACIS-125) , imciromab (MYOSCINT) , infliximab (REMICADE) , intetumumab, inolimomab, inotuzumab, ipilimumab, iratumumab, keliximab, labetuzumab (CEA-CIDE) , lebrikizumab, lemalesomab, lerdelimumab, lexatumumab, libivirumab, lintuzumab, lucatumumab, lumiliximab, mapatumumab, maslimomab, matuzumab, mepolizumab (BOSATRIA) , metelimumab, milatuzumab, minretumomab, mitumomab, morolimumab, motavizumab (NUMAX) , muromonab-CD3 (ORTHOCLONE OKT3) , nacolomab, naptumomab, natalizumab (TYSABRI) , nebacumab, necitumumab, nerelimomab, nimotuzumab (THERACIM) , nofetumomab, ocrelizumab, odulimomab, ofatumumab (ARZERRA) , olaratumab, omalizumab (XOLAIR) , ontecizumab, oportuzumab, oregovomab (OVAREX) , otelixizumab, pagibaximab, palivizumab (SYNAGIS) , panitumumab (VECTIBIX) , panobacumab, pascolizumab, pemtumomab (THERAGYN) , pertuzumab (OMNITARG) , pexelizumab, pintumomab, priliximab, pritumumab, PRO 140, rafivirumab, ramucirumab, ranibizumab (LUCENTIS) , raxibacumab, regavirumab, reslizumab, rilotumumab, rituximab (RITUXAN) , robatumumab, rontalizumab, rovelizumab (LEUKARREST) , ruplizumab (ANTOVA) , sacituzumab, satumomab pendetide, sevirumab, sibrotuzumab, sifalimumab, siltuximab, siplizumab, solanezumab, sonepcizumab, sontuzumab, stamulumab, sulesomab (LEUKOSCAN) , tacatuzumab (AFP-CIDE) , tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tanezumab, taplitumomab paptox, tefibazumab (AUREXIS) , telimomab, tenatumomab, teneliximab, teplizumab, TGN1412, ticilimumab (tremelimumab) , tigatuzumab, TNX-650, tocilizumab (atlizumab, ACTEMRA) , toralizumab, tositumomab (BEXXAR) , trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN) , tremelimumab, tucotuzumab, tuvirumab, urtoxazumab, ustekinumab (STELERA) , vapaliximab, vedolizumab, veltuzumab, vepalimomab, visilizumab (NUVION) , volociximab (HUMASPECT) , votumumab, zalutumumab (HuMEX-EGFr) , zanolimumab (HuMAX-CD4) , ziralimumab and zolimomab.
[0294] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibody or antigen-binding fragments thereof. In certain embodiments, the anti-CLDN6 antibody or antigen-binding fragments thereof comprises a heavy chain complementary determining region 1 (HCDR1) , a HCDR2 and a HCDR3 respectively having an at least 70%sequence identity of the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprised in the heavy chain variable region as set forth of SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0295] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibody and antigen-binding fragments thereof comprising HCDR1 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, HCDR2 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and HCDR3 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibody “A149-32” and antigen-binding fragments thereof, wherein the antibody “A149-32” as used herein refers to a monoclonal antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0296] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-DLL3 antibody and antigen-binding fragments thereof comprising HCDR1 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, HCDR2 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and HCDR3 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and comprising LCDR1 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, LCDR2 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or 17, and LCDR3 comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-DLL3 antibody “mAb098” (also referred to as “WT-098” ) and antigen-binding fragments thereof, wherein the antibody “mAb098” as used herein refers to a monoclonal antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a light chain variable region having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-DLL3 antibody “mAb098 N56Q” and antigen-binding fragments thereof, wherein the antibody “mAb098 N56Q” as used herein refers to a monoclonal antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a light chain variable region having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20.
[0297] Tables 1 and 2 below show the CDR amino acid sequences of anti-CLDN6 antibody, wherein the CDR boundaries are defined or identified by the convention of IMGT. Table 2 below shows the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequences of antibody A149-32. Table 1. CDR amino acid sequences of exemplary anti-CLDN6 antibody identified by IMGT Table 2. Variable region amino acid sequence of exemplary anti-CLDN6 antibodies
[0298] Table 3 below shows the CDR amino acid sequences of antibodies mAb098 and mAb098 N56Q. The CDR boundaries were defined or identified by the convention of IMGT. Table 4 below shows the heavy chain and light chain variable region amino acid sequences of antibodies mAb098 and mAb098 N56Q. Table 3. CDR amino acid sequences of the exemplary affinity matured antibodies Table 4. Variable region amino acid sequences of the exemplary affinity matured antibodies
[0299] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments comprising all or a portion of the heavy chain variable domain. In certain embodiment, the anti-CLDN6 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein is a single domain antibody which consists of all or a portion of the heavy chain variable domain provided herein.
[0300] In certain embodiments, the heavy chain constant region comprises an Fc region. Fc region is known to mediate effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of the antibody. Fc regions of different Ig isotypes have different abilities to induce effector functions. For example, Fc regions of IgG1 and IgG3 have been recognized to induce both ADCC and CDC more effectively than those of IgG2 and IgG4. In certain embodiments, the anti-CLDN6 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein comprises an Fc region of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype, which could induce ADCC or CDC; or alternatively, a constant region of IgG4 or IgG2 isotype, which has reduced or depleted effector function. In certain embodiments, the anti-CLDN6 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise a wild type human IgG1 Fc region or other wild type human IgG1 alleles. In certain embodiments, the anti-CLDN6 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise the heavy chain constant region with an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0301] Amino acid sequence of Fc region of human IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 5) :
[0302]
[0303] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof comprising a human IgG1 Fc region comprising mutations selected from M252Y, S254T, T256E or combination thereof.
[0304] In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety can be an anti-CLDN6 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof comprising the heavy chain constant region with an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0305] Amino acid sequence of Fc region of human IgG1 with YTE mutations (M252Y / S254T / T256E) (SEQ ID NO: 6) :
[0306]
[0307] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can be antibody AB3-7 (from TOLR Biotherapeutics) or isotype antibody HEL. The amino acid sequences of variable regions of AB3-7 and HEL are described as SEQ ID NOs: 7-10 (see Table 5) . Table 5 Amino acid sequences of exemplary antibodies CONJUGATE
[0308] In one aspect, there is provided a polymeric scaffold of Formula (III) : wherein the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol; PBRM is a targeting moiety; each La is independently a linking moiety connecting the targeting moiety to Ma and comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety; each Ma is independently a stretcher connecting La to Ba; Ba is branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH-or -A-; each A is independently a linking moiety connecting Ba moiety to the linear polyglycerol; each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol; each LP is independently a drug release mechanism between a fragment of a therapeutic agent D and G1; each D is independently a therapeutic agent; each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D; each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state; each T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.; each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000; k is an integer from 0 to 6; each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1; and s is in a range of 1 to 10.
[0309] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 0 to 10, from 0 to 9, from 0 to 8, from 0 to 7, from 0 to 6, from 0 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 0 to 3, or from 0 to 2.
[0310] In some embodiments, m is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0311] In some embodiments, p is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0312] In some embodiments, q is an integer from 0 to 1000, from 0 to 500, from 0 to 400, from 0 to 300, from 0 to 200, from 0 to 100, from 0 to 90, from 0 to 80, from 0 to 70, from 0 to 60, from 0 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0313] In some embodiments, t1 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0314] In some embodiments, t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, or from 1 to 2.
[0315] In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 1. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 2. In some embodiments, t1+t2 is at least 3.
[0316] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a functional group on the targeting moiety with a click reaction.
[0317] In certain embodiments, Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0318] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0319] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety, and the amino acid is a natural amino acid, a non-natural amino acid or combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the natural amino acid is selected from cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
[0320] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety.
[0321] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety and each Wp is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R1 is a sulfur protecting group, and each R2 is independently a leaving group.
[0322] In certain embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from halo or R2aC (O) O-, and R2a is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0323] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety.
[0324] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety, and Wp is selected from the group consisting of:
[0325] In some embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with a non-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety.
[0326] In certain embodiments, Wp is capable of reacting with anon-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety and Wp is selected from
[0327] In some embodiments, L is
[0328] In some embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of: R3, wherein *is the site covalently attached to L, **is the site covalently attached to Ba; R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 heteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -, aryl, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-10 alkyl) -, 4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-C (=O) -, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-C (=O) -, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -C (=O) -, -aryl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-C (=O) -, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-C= (O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-NH-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-NH-, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -NH-, -aryl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-NH-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -NH-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -NH-, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-S-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-S-, -O-C1-8 alkyl-S-, -aryl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-S-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -S-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -S-, and - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-; each R4 independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or -COO-C1-6 alkyl; R5 is -C (O) -NR5a or -NR5a-C (O) -; R5a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; R6 is a bond or -NR6a- (CR6bR6c) -C (O) -; R6a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl; each R6b and R6c independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, hydroxylated C6-10 aryl, polyhydroxylated C6-10 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl, polyhydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl or a side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid; each n1 independently is an integer from 0 to 6; n2 is an integer from 0 to 8; each n3 independently is an integer from 1 to 6; n4 is an integer from 1 to 4; and each n5 is independently an integer from 1 to 4.
[0329] In certain embodiments, Ma is selected from the group consisting of:
[0330] In some embodiments, G1 is selected from the group consisting of: wherein*is the site covalently attached to LP, each R7 is independently selected from a direct bond, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and R7a is selected from hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0331] In some embodiments, each Lp independently comprises a labile structure.
[0332] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is selected from redox labile structures, hydrolytically labile structures or enzymatic labile structures.
[0333] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a redox labile structure.
[0334] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a redox labile structure having a structure of and each R18 is independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl.
[0335] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a hydrolytically labile structure.
[0336] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is a hydrolytically labile structure selected from the group consisting of: wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, R8 is selected from hydrogen, alky or aryl, R9 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.
[0337] In certain embodiments, G1 is R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl.
[0338] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is
[0339] In some embodiments, the labile structure is an enzymatic labile structure.
[0340] In certain embodiments, the labile structure is an enzymatic labile structure liable to enzymes selected from Cathepsin B, phosphatase, sulfatase, or glucuronidase.
[0341] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to cathepsin B and is selected from -Z-or wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, Z is a substrate for cathepsin B comprising 2 to 4 amino acids, and R7a is alkyl.
[0342] In certain embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, or C1 alkyl.
[0343] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is
[0344] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to glucuronidase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D.
[0345] In certain embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, or C1 alkyl.
[0346] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is selected from:
[0347] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structure is liable to phosphatase and is selected from wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R10 and R11 is independently hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0348] In certain embodiments, G1 is In some embodiments, R7 is hydrogen or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R7 is hydrogen, C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0349] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is selected from the group consisting of:
[0350] In certain embodiments, the enzymatic labile structures are liable to sulfatase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R12 and R13 is independently hydrogen, -NH-, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.
[0351] In some embodiments, G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) , and *is the site covalently attached to LP. In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl.
[0352] In certain embodiments, -G1-LP-D is:
[0353] In some embodiments, T is hydrogen. In some embodiments, T is alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is C1-6alkyl, C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl, or C1-2alkyl. In certain embodiments, T is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl. In some embodiments, T is aryl. In certain embodiments, T is phenyl. In some embodiments, T is heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, T is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl.
[0354] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 1 to 100; m is an integer from 1 to 100; p is an integer from 1 to 50; and each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and t1+t2 is at least 3.
[0355] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent has antiproliferative activity against a target cell or pathway.
[0356] In certain embodiments, the antiproliferative activity is selected from cytostatic and / or cytotoxic activity.
[0357] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from anti-cancer substances, cytotoxic drugs, radionuclides, vitamins, anti-AIDS substances, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, immunomodulatory compounds, therapeutic RNAs, anti-viral substances, enzyme inhibitors, neurotoxins, opioids, hypnotics, anti-histamines, tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, muscle relaxants and anti-Parkinson substances, anti-spasmodics and muscle contractants including channel blockers, miotics and anti-cholinergics, anti-glaucoma compounds, anti-parasite and / or anti-protozoal compounds, modulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cell growth inhibitors and anti-adhesion molecules, vasodilating agents, inhibitors of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, anti-hypertensives, analgesics, anti-pyretics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-angiogenic factors, antisecretory factors, anticoagulants and / or antithrombotic agents, local anesthetics, ophthalmics, prostaglandins, anti-depressants, anti -psychotic substances, anti-emetics, imaging agents.
[0358] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an amino acid-based molecule.
[0359] In certain embodiments, the amino acid-based molecule is selected from peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, or functional fragments thereof.
[0360] In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agent has a chemically reactive group.
[0361] In certain embodiments, the chemically reactive group comprises -COOH, primary amine, secondary amine (-NHR) , -OH, -SH, -C (O) H, C (O) R14. -C (O) NHR15, C (S) OH, -S (O) 2OR15, -P (O) 2OR15, -CN, -NC or -ONO, in which R14 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and R15 is selected from a hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0362] In certain embodiments, G2 is selected from -OH, -OR16, -N (R16) 2, -COOH, -COOR16, -OP (O) (OH) 2, -OP (O) (OR16) 2, -OP (O) (OH) (OR16) , -OS (O) 2OH, or -OS (O) 2OR16, and each R16 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic (such as alkyl) , heteroaliphatic (such as heteroalkyl) , cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R16 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R16 is heteroalkyl, such as -O-
[0363] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein WL is a functional group connected to stretcher Ma; each Z is independently a branching point; each R19 is independently a linker connecting Z to WM; each WM is independently a functional group connected to -NH-or -A-; r is an integer from 1-3; t is an integer from 1-3; wherein *is the site covalently attached to Ma, **is the site covalently attached to - A-or -NH-.
[0364] In certain embodiments, Z is -CH (3-r) -, -SiH (3-r) -or -NH (2-r) -.
[0365] In certain embodiments, R19 is selected from a group consisting of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R19 is alkyl or heteroalkyl.
[0366] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0367] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0368] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0369] In certain embodiments, Ba is selected from the group consisting of:
[0370] In some embodiments, Ba is
[0371] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein two WM are connected to -NH-, and one WM is connected to -A-.
[0372] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein one WM is connected to -NH-, and two WM are connected to -A-.
[0373] In some embodiments, Ba is wherein three WM are connected to -A-.
[0374] In some embodiments, WL is selected from a group consisting of a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC (=NH) NH-, -NHC (O) O-, and -NHC (O) NH-.
[0375] In some embodiments, R19 is selected from an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl. In certrain embodiments, R19 is heteroaliphatic.
[0376] In certain embodiments, R19 is -CH2 (OCH2CH2) 1-5-.
[0377] In certain embodiments, -CH2OCH2CH2-.
[0378] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0379] In some embodiments, WM is selected from and *is the site covalently attached to R19.
[0380] In some embodiments, A is RA is hydrogen or alkyl, *is the site covalently attached to WM.
[0381] In some embodiments, A is and WM is optionally WM is
[0382] In some embodiments, A is and WM is selected from optionally WM is
[0383] In some embodiments, G1 is and R7 is alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-2 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R7 is C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, or C5 alkyl. In certain embodiments, G1 is
[0384] In certain embodiments, Ba is
[0385] In certain embodiments, the polymeric scaffold provided herein is selected from the group consisting of: wherein
[0386] In some embodiments, the targeting moiety is an antibody and / or fragment thereof.
[0387] In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety is an antibody IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
[0388] In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of a Fab, a Fab’ , a F (ab’ ) 2, a Fd, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a bispecific dsFv (dsFv-dsFv’ ) , a disulfide stabilized diabody (ds diabody) , a single-chain antibody molecule (scFv) , an scFv dimer, a multispecific antibody, a camelized single domain antibody, a nanobody, a domain antibody, or a bivalent domain antibody.SYNTHETIC METHODS
[0389] The therapeutic agent used for the compounds and conjugates provided herein are commercially available or can be prepared in a variety of ways using commercially available starting materials, compounds known in the literature, or from readily prepared intermediates, by employing standard synthetic methods and procedures either known to those skilled in the art, or which will be apparent to the skilled artisan in light of the teachings herein. Standard synthetic methods and procedures for the preparation of organic molecules and functional group transformations and manipulations can be obtained from the relevant scientific literature or from standard textbooks in the field. Although not limited to any one or several sources, classic texts such as Smith, M.B., March, J., March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5thedition, John Wiley &Sons: New York, 2001; and Greene, T.W., Wuts, P.G.M., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons: New York, 1999, incorporated by reference herein, are useful and recognized reference textbooks of organic synthesis known to those in the art.
[0390] Any available techniques can be used to make the conjugates provided herein or compositions including them, and intermediates and components (e.g., carriers and modifiers) useful for making them.
[0391] The conjugates described herein can be synthesized by coupling the conjugates of Formula (I) or (II) as described herein with a targeting moiety, for example, an antibody under standard conjugation conditions (see, e.g., Doronina et al. Nature Biotechnology 2003, 21, 778, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) .
[0392] When the targeting moiety is an antibody, the antibody may be coupled to the conjugates of Formula (I) or (II) provided herein via one or more cysteine or lysine residues of the antibody. The conjugates of Formula (I) or (II) provided herein can be coupled to cysteine residues, for example, by subjecting the antibody to a reducing agent, for example, dithiotheritol, to cleave the disulfide bonds of the antibody, purifying the reduced antibody, for example, by gel filtration, and subsequently treating the antibody with a linker-payload containing a suitable reactive moiety, for example, a maleimido group. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to water, DMA, DMF, and DMSO. Conjugates can be purified using known protein techniques, including, for example, size exclusion chromatography, dialysis, and ultrafiltration / diafiltration.
[0393] Conjugates provided herein, once produced, can be characterized using a variety of assays known to those skilled in the art to determine whether the conjugates have biological activity. For example, the conjugates can be characterized by conventional assays, including but not limited to those assays described below, to determine the binding activity, binding specificity, cytotoxicity, stability etc.PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
[0394] For the purposes of administration, in some embodiments, the conjugates provided herein are administered as a raw chemical or are formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0395] Therefore, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more conjugates as disclosed herein and an acceptable carrier. Examples of suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, buffers for maintenance of proper composition pH (e.g., citrate buffers, succinate buffers, acetate buffers, phosphate buffers, lactate buffers, oxalate buffers, and the like) , carrier proteins (e.g., human serum albumin) , saline, polyols (e.g., trehalose, sucrose, xylitol, sorbitol, and the like) , surfactants (e.g., polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, polyoxolate, and the like) , antimicrobials, and antioxidants.
[0396] The administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including vaginal and rectal delivery) , pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer) , intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal, transdermal, oral or parenteral administration including intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection or infusion or intracranial.
[0397] The pharmaceutical composition provided herein can be formulated into various suitable dosage forms depending on administration routes, such as tablets, capsules, granules, oral solutions, oral suspensions, oral emulsions, powders, tinctures, syrups, injections, suppositories, ointments, creams, pastes, ophthalmic preparations, pills, subdermals, aerosols, powders and sprays.
[0398] The pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises pharmaceutically effective amount of the conjugates as disclosed herein. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a pharmaceutical agent to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject's body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; and the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration. Pharmaceutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
[0399] The pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be administered at a dosage level between about 0.001 mg / kg to about 200 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.001 mg / kg to about 150 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.001 mg / kg to about 100 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 90 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 80 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 70 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 60 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 50 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 40 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 30 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 20 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.01 mg / kg to about 15 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.1 mg / kg and about 15 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.1 mg / kg and about 20 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, between about 0.1 mg / kg to about 5 mg / kg or about 0.1 mg / kg to about 10 mg / kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 1 mg / kg to about 15 mg / kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 1 mg / kg to about 10 mg / kg of the subject's body weight.
[0400] In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of the conjugates in the pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be administered on a regular schedule, i.e., daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly basis or on an irregular schedule with varying administration days, weeks, months, etc. Alternatively, the therapeutically effective amount to be administered may vary. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount for the first dose is higher than the therapeutically effective amount for one or more of the subsequent doses. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount for the first dose is lower than the therapeutically effective amount for one or more of the subsequent doses. Equivalent dosages may be administered over various time periods including, but not limited to, about every 2 hours, about every 6 hours, about every 8 hours, about every 12 hours, about every 24 hours, about every 36 hours, about every 48 hours, about every 72 hours, about every week, about every two weeks, about every three weeks, about every month, and about every two months. The number and frequency of dosages corresponding to a completed course of therapy will be determined according to the recommendations of the relevant regulatory bodies and judgment of a health-care practitioner. The therapeutically effective amounts described herein refer to total amounts administered for a given time period; that is, if more than one different conjugate described herein is administered, the therapeutically effective amounts correspond to the total amount administered. It is understood that the specific dose level for a particular subject depends upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific conjugate, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, combination with other active agents, and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
[0401] The conjugates and pharmaceutical composition provided herein can also be administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents to increase the overall therapeutic effect. The use of multiple conjugates to treat an indication can increase the beneficial effects while reducing the presence of side effects. The one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered prior to, concurrent with, or after the administration of the conjugates or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. The additional therapeutic agents may be an anticancer agent, an immunosuppressant agent, and an anti-infectious agent. Examples of anticancer agent include but are not limited to methotrexate, taxol, L-asparaginase, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, hydroxyurea, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, nitrosoureas, cisplatin, carboplatin, mitomycin, dacarbazine, procarbizine, topotecan, nitrogen mustards, cytoxan, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, BCNU, irinotecan, camptothecins, bleomycin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, dactinomycin, plicamycin, mitoxantrone, asparaginase, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Examples of immunosuppressant agents include but are not limited to cyclosporine, cyclosporine A, mycophenylate mofetil, sirolimus, tacrolimus, enanercept, prednisone, azathioprine, methotrexate cyclophosphamide, prednisorie, aminocaproic acid, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, chlorambucil, DHEA, danazol, bromocriptine, meloxicam, and infliximab. Examples of anti-infectious agents include but are not limited to β-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin G, penicillin V, cloxacilliin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, bacarnpicillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) , aminoglycosides (such as amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, and tobramycin) , macrolides (such as azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, and clindamycin) , tetracyclines (such as demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline) , quinolones (such as cinoxacin and nalidixic acid) , fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxicin) , and sulfonamides (such as sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, and sulfacetamide) .
[0402] The present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the conjugates and / or compositions of the present disclosure, optionally together with additional therapeutical agents, a device (s) for administering the conjugates and / or compositions, and written instructions in a form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products. The conjugates or compositions described herein can be packaged as a single dose or for continuous or periodic discontinuous administration. For continuous administration, a package or kit can include the conjugates or compositions in each dosage unit (e.g., solution or other unit described above or utilized in drug delivery) , and optionally instructions for administering the doses daily, weekly, or monthly, for a predetermined length of time or as prescribed. If varying dosing level of the conjugates or compositions over time is desired, a package or kit may contain a sequence of dosage units which provide the desired variability.METHOD OF TREATMENT OF DISEASE
[0403] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an efficient amount of at least one conjugate or composition provided herein.
[0404] In some embodiments, the conjugates or compositions provided herein can be administered to treat subjects and / or to modulate the growth of selected cell populations including, for example, cancer. In some embodiments, the particular types of cancers that can be treated with the conjugates provided herein include, but are not limited to: (1) solid tumors, including but not limited to fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, esophogeal cancer, stomach cancer, oral cancer, nasal cancer, throat cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms'tumor, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, lung cancer, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, multiforme astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, skin cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma; (2) blood-borne cancers, including but not limited to acute lymphoblastic leukemia “ALL” , acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia, acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia “AML” , acute promyelocytic leukemia “APL” , acute monoblastic leukemia, acute erythroleukemic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute nonlymphocyctic leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia “CML” , chronic lymphocytic leukemia “CLL” , hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, acute and chronic leukemias, e.g., lymphoblastic myelogenous and lymphocytic myelocytic leukemias; and (3) lymphomas such as Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Heavy chain disease, and Polycythemia vera.
[0405] In some embodiments, the conjugates and compositions provided herein can be administered to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis; graft rejections, such as renal transplant rejection, liver transplant rejection, lung transplant rejection, cardiac transplant rejection, and bone marrow transplant rejection; graft versus host disease; viral infections, such as CMV infection, HIV infection, and AIDS; and parasite infections, such as giardiasis, amoebiasis, schistosomiasis, and the like.
[0406] Throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, it is contemplated that compositions also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components. Similarly, where methods or processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, the processes also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Further, it should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions is immaterial so long as the invention remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously. All publications and patent documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference as if each such publication or document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Citation of publications and patent documents is not intended as an admission that any is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents or date of the same.
[0407] All publications and patent documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference as if each such publication or document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Citation of publications and patent documents is not intended as an admission that any is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents or date of the same. EXAMPLES
[0408] For the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. The Examples provided herein describe the synthesis of the compounds and conjugates disclosed herein as well as intermediates used to prepare the compounds and conjugates. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds or conjugates of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds and conjugates of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Besides, persons skilled in the art will also understand that individual steps described herein or in the separate batches of a compound may be combined. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but rather is specified by the claims appended hereto. Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1
[0409] To a 250 mL flask was added 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (5.0 g, 36.2 mmol) , t-BuOK (7.3 mL, 7.2 mmol) and DME (25 mL) under N2. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, followed by addition of 2- ( (1-ethoxyethoxy) Methyl) oxirane (23.8 g, 16.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reversed phase chromatography to afford Compound 1-1 (6.0 g, 8.3 mmol, 23 %) as colorless oil.
[0410] To a solution of Compound 1-1 (20.0 g, 27.7 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (150 mL) was added NaH (2.2 g, 55.3 mmol) at room temperature under N2. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then iodomethane (3.5 mL, 55.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours under N2. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by reversed phase chromatography to afford the desired product Compound 1-2 (20.2 g, 27.4 mmol, 98 %) as a white solid.
[0411] To a solution of Compound 1-2 (20.2 g, 27.4 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added 10%Pd / C (10.0 g) and 10%Pd (OH) / C (200 mg) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 16 hours under H2. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give the desired product Compound 1-3 (16.3 g, 26.4 mmol, 96 %) as colorless oil.
[0412] To a solution of Compound 1-3 (16.3 g, 26.4 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (6 mL) was added Et3N (15.0 mL, 105.7 mmol) , DMAP (323.0 mg, 2.6 mmol) and TsCl (10.1g, 52.9 mmol) at room temperature under N2. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired product Compound 1-4 (17.8 g, 23.1 mmol, 87%yield) as a light-yellow solid.
[0413] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-5 (7.41 g, 100 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added DIPEA (34.8 mL, 200 mmol) and SEMCl (17.5 g, 105 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL) , extracted with DCM (50 mLx3) , the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by silica gel chromatograph to get Compound 1-6 (18.45 g, Yield 90.3%) as colorless oil.
[0414] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-1 (7.23 g, 10 mmol) in DME (20 mL) was added tBuOK (12 ml, 1 M in THF, 12 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. After stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, the solution of compound 1-6 (2.25 g, 11 mmol) in DME was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted 3 times with 50 mL of EA, the combined organic layers was dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by C18 chromatography to obtain compound 1-7 (3.88g, yield 41.8%) as colorless oil and recovered 1-6 (3.42 g, 47.3%) .
[0415] The compound 1-7 (4.6802g, 5.05 mmol) in NMP (10 ml) was added to a solution of NaH (807 mg, 20.2 mmol, 60%w / w dispersion in mineral oil) at 0 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. After stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then the solution of compound 1-4 in NMP (5 mL) was added. After heated at 45 ℃ for 48 hours under N2, the reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) at 0 ℃, extracted 3 times with 50 mL of EA. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by C18 chromatography to obtain the desired compound 1-8 (4.9824g, yield 64.7%) as colorless oil.
[0416] To a stirred solution of compound 1-8 (1.51g, 0.99 mmol) in NMP (1.5 ml) was added TBAF (5.0 ml, 1 M in THF, 5.0 mmol) at room temperature. Then evaporated the THF solvent under reduced pressure. The mixture was heated at 90 ℃ and stirred for 48 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted 3 times with 20 mL of EA, the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by C18 chromatography to afford compound 1-9 (1.1238 g, yield 81%) as yellow oil.
[0417] To a stirred solution of compound 1-9 (1.2834g, 0.92 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was added NEt3 (0.6 mL, 4.5 mmol) and compound 1-10 (180 mg, 1.38 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was heated at 110 ℃ for 16 hours. The solvent was removed under the reduced pressure, the residue was purified by C18 chromatography to obtain compound 1-11 (1.3319 g, yield 95%) as colorless oil.
[0418] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-11 (891.0 mg, 0.584 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 10%Pd / C (62 mg) and 10%Pd (OH) 2 / C (62 mg) under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) at 40 ℃ for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, the solvents was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by C18 column chromatography to get Compound 1-12 (596.4 mg, Yield 73%) as colorless oil.
[0419] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-12 (326.0 mg, 0.232 mmol) in DCM (2.5 mL) was added NEt3 (160 ul, 1.156 mmol) and Compound 1-13 (140 mg, 0.694 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solution of compound 1-14 (286 mg, 0.694 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added to the above reaction mixture and stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL) , extracted 3 times with 20 mL of DCM, the combined organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by C18 column chromatography to obtain compound 1-15 (345.6 mg, yield 86%) as colorless oil.
[0420] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-15 (6.70 g, 3.88 mmol) in THF / H2O (9 mL / 1.5 mL) was added LiOH at room temperature and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted 3 times with 20 mL of DCM, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by C18 column chromatography to obtain compound 1 (2.76g, yield 47%) as colorless oil. Example 2 Synthesis of Compound 2
[0421] To a stirred solution of NaH (106 mg, 2.65mmol, 60%) in NMP (2 mL) was added compound 1-9 (934 mg, 0.662 mmol, dissolved in 5 mL NMP) dropwisely under N2 atmosphere at 0 ℃. After stirred at room temperature for 30 mins, the solution of ethyl bromoacetate (100 uL, 1.32 mmol, dissolved in 1 mL NMP) was added to the reaction mixture. After heated at 60 ℃ for 18 hours, the reaction was stopped and the mixture was purified by C18 column chromotagraph to afford compound 2-2 (726 mg, 51%) .
[0422] To a stirred solution of Compound 2-2 (700.0 mg, 0.459 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 10%Pd / C (60 mg) and 10%Pd (OH) 2 / C (60 mg) under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) at 40 ℃ for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, the solvents was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by C18 column chromatography to get Compound 2-3 (516 mg, Yield 81%) as colorless oil.
[0423] To a stirred solution of Compound 2-3 (480.0 mg, 0.341 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added NEt3 (160 ul, 1.156 mmol) and Compound 1-13 (200 mg, 1.0 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solution of compound 1-14 (390 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added to the above reaction mixture and stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by C18 column chromatography to obtain compound 2-4 (482 mg, yield 82%) as colorless oil.
[0424] To a stirred solution of Compound 2-4 (400 g, 0.231 mmol) in THF / H2O (9 mL / 1.5 mL) was added LiOH at room temperature and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by C18 column chromatography to obtain compound 2 (201 mg, yield 58%) as colorless oil. Example 3 Synthesis of Compound 3
[0425] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-15 (304 mg, 0.18 mmol) in THF / H2O (9 mL / 1.5 mL) was added LiOH (35 mg, 0.88 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) , then TEA (70 uL, 0.42 mmol) and Fmoc-OSu (90 mg, 0.27 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase column chromotagraph to obtain Compound 3-1 (205 mg, yield 65%) .
[0426] To a solution of Compound 3-1 (283 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) , Et3N (42 mg, 0.50 mmol) and SEMCl (50 mg, 0.248 mmol) were added at room temperature under N2 and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase column chromotagraph to give Compound 3-2 (270 mg, yield 89%) as colorless oil.
[0427] To a solution of Compound 3-2 (270 mg, 0.147 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) , diethylamine (1 mL) was added at room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and extracted with DCM, washed with saturated NH4Cl solution. The combined organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Compound 3-3 (240 mg) which was used directly to the next step without further purification.
[0428] To a solution of Compound 3-3 (252 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) , PyBOP (88 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.3 eq. ) , TEA (40 mg, 0.39 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) and Compound 3-4 (178 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2 and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase column chromotagraph to give Compound 3-5 (269 mg, yield 70 %) as colorless oil.
[0429] To a solution of Compound 3-5 (269 mg, 0.09 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) , HCl (3 mL 0.2 N) was added dropwise at room temeprature. After stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase column chromotagraph to give Compound 3-6 (146 mg, yield 73%) .
[0430] To a solution of Compound 3-6 (172 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) , HOBT (23 mg, 0.16 mmol) , DIEA (32 mg, 0.24 mmol) , EDC (22 mg, 0.16 mmol) and Compound 3-7 (115 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 18 hours, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase column chromotagraph to give Compound 3-8 (192 mg, 0.06 mmol, yield 73%) as colorless oil.
[0431] To a solution of Compound 3-8 (192 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) , diethylamine (0.4 mL) was added at room temperature. After stirred for 1 hour, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to remove diethylamine. Then tris solution (0.4 mL, pH = 8 -9) was added and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was purified by Pre-HPLC to give Compound 3-9 (102 mg, yield 66 %) as a white solid.
[0432] To a solution of Compound 3-9 (102 mg, 0.04 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) , Malimide-PEG4-NHS (21 mg, 0.04 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 3 hours, the mixture was purified by Pre-HPLC to afford the desired product Compound-3 (92 mg, 0.03 mmol, yield 75 %) as a white solid. Example 4 Synthesis of Compound 4
[0433] To a stirred solution of Compound 1-12 (326 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TEA (160 uL, 1.16 mmol. ) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (140 mg, 0.69 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) at 0℃ under N2 atmosphere. After stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, the solution of amine side chain (302 mg, 0.694 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to obtain Compound 4-1 (364 mg, 86 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0434] To a stirred solution of Compound 4-1 (364 mg, 0.19 mmol) in THF / H2O (9 mL / 1.5 mL) was added LiOH (30 mg, 0.74 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to obtain Compound 4-2 (154 mg, 47 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0435] To a solution of Compound 4-3 (180 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) , Compound 4-2 (580 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 ℃ and stirred for 48 hours under N2. After completion, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound 4-4 (298 mg, 64 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0436] To a solution of Compound 4-4 (298 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) , HOBT (48 mg, 0.42 mmol) , DIEA (52 mg, 0.42 mmol) , EDC (63 mg 0.42 mmol) and Compound 4-5 (205 mg, 0.25 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 18 hours, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound 4-6 (260 mg, 57 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0437] To a solution of Compound 4-6 (260 mg, 0.04 mmol) in MeCN (4 mL) , HCl (0.4 mL, 0.1N) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at toom temperature for 30 min. The mixture was adjusted to pH ~7 and then concentrated under vacuum to give a crude, which was dissolved in the solution of diethylamine (0.4 mL) in DMF (4 mL) . After stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, H2O (1 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 2 hours. The crude was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound 4-7 (92 mg, 50 %yield) as a white solid.
[0438] To a solution of Compound 4-7 (92 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) , Malimide-PEG4-NHS (12 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 3 hours, the reaction was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound 4 (51 mg, 50 %yield) as a white solid. Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 6
[0439] To a solution of Compound 4-7 (14 mg, 1.06 μmol) in DMF (1 mL) , DBCO-PEG4-NHS (2.2 mg, 1.27 μmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 3 hours, the reaction was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound 6 (4 mg, 25 %yield) as a white solid. Example 6 Synthesis of Compound 18
[0440] To a stirred solution of Compound-11 (326 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TEA (160 uL, 1.16 mmol. ) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (140 mg, 0.69 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) at 0℃ under N2 atmosphere. After 4 hours of stirring at room temperature, the solution of amine side chain (302 mg, 0.694 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to obtain Compound-12 (364 mg, 86 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0441] To a stirred solution of Compound-12 (364 mg, 0.19 mmol) in THF / H2O (9 mL / 1.5 mL) was added LiOH (30 mg, 0.74 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with DCM (20 mLx3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to obtain Compound-13 (154 mg, 47 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0442] To a solution of Compound-14 (180 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) , Compound-13 (580 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 ℃ and stirred for 48 hours under N2. After completion, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound-15 (298 mg, 64 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0443] To a solution of Compound-15 (298 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) , HOBT (48 mg, 0.42 mmol) , DIEA (52 mg, 0.42 mmol) , EDC (63 mg 0.42 mmol) and VC-MMAE (281 mg, 0.25 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After 18 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound-16 (273 mg, 57 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0444] To a solution of Compound-16 (273 mg, 0.04 mmol) in MeCN (4 mL) , HCl (0.4 mL, 0.1N) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture was adjusted to pH ~7 and then concentrated under vacuum to give a crude, which was dissolved in the solution of diethylamine (0.4 mL) in DMF (4 mL) . The crude was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound-17 (105 mg, 50 %yield) as a white solid.
[0445] To a solution of Compound-17 (105 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) , Malimide-PEG4-NHS (12 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After 3 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound-18 (56 mg, 50 %yield) as a white solid. Example 7 Synthesis of Compound 19
[0446] To a stirred solution of Compound 19-1 (500 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TEA (0.25 mL, 1.78 mmol) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (251 mg, 1.25 mmol) under N2 atmosphere. After stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, Compound 19-2 (321 mg, 0.61 mmol) was added. After stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to obtain Compound 19-3 (550 mg, 0.28 mmol, 79%) as colorless oil.
[0447] To a stirred solution of Compound 19-3 (550 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF / H2O (2 mL / 2 mL) was added LiOH (56 mg, 1.40 mmol) at room temperature, and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched by saturated aqueous solution of NH4Cl (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 ml x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude Compound 19-4 which was used directly to the next step without further purification.
[0448] To a stirred solution of Compound 19-4 (crude, 0.28 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added TEA (31 μL, 0.22 mmol) and Fmoc-OSu (142 mg, 0.42 mmol) . After stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours, TEA (117 μl, 0.84 mmol) and SEMCl (74 μl, 0.42 mmol) were added to the mixture and stirred at 25℃ for another 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH 0-3%) to afford the desired product Compound 19-6 (471 mg, 0.22 mmol, 81%) as colorless oil.
[0449] To a stirred solution of Compound 19-6 (471 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DEA (0.4 mL) and stirred at 25℃ for 10 mins. The excess DEA was removed by reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with DCM (30 ml x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude Compound 19-7 which was used directly to the next step without further purification.
[0450] To a solution of Compound 19-8 (45 mg, 0.038 mmol) in DCM (2.5 mL) , HOBT (30.5 mg, 0.23 mmol) , DIEA (46 μL, 0.26 mmol) , EDC (41 μL, 0.23 mmol) and Compound 19-7 (209 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound 19-9 (145 mg, 0.030 mmol, 79 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0451] To a stirred solution of Compound 19-9 (145 mg, 0.030 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) was added 0.25 N HCl (1 mL) . After stirred at 25℃ for 16 hour the crude mixture was purified by reverse phase chromatography to afford Compound 19-10 (70 mg, 0.20 mmol, 68%) as colorless oil.
[0452] To a solution of Compound 19-10 (70 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) / DMF (0.5 mL) , HOBT (14 mg, 0.10 mmol) , DIEA (21 μL, 0.12 mmol) , EDC (18 μL, 0.10 mmol) and Compound 3-7 (69 mg, 0.06 mmol) were added at room temperature under N2. After stirred for 6 hours, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude, which was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give the desired product Compound 19-11 (78 mg, 0.0136 mmol, 68 %yield) as colorless oil.
[0453] To a solution of Compound 19-11 (78 mg, 0.0136 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) , DEA (0.1 mL) was added. After stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude. The residue was taken by tris solution (1 mL, pH 8-9) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography to afford the desired product Compound 19-12 (37 mg, 51 %yield) as a white solid.
[0454] To a solution of Compound 19-12 (37 mg, 7 μmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) , Malimide-PEG4-NHS (4.6 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added at 25℃ under N2. After stirred for 3 hours, the reaction was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the desired product Compound 19 (22.5 mg, 4 μmol, 58 %yield) as a white solid. Example 8 Production of antibodies
[0455] Exemplary anti-CLDN6 antibody sdAb A149-32, antibody AB3-7 (from TOLR Biotherapeutics) , and isotype antibody HEL were made by cloning antibody heavy chain (for CLDN6 sdAb A149-32, AB3-7 and HEL) and light chain (only for AB3-7 and HEL) variable regions into the ExpiCHOTM expression system (Thermofisher Scientific) to produce recombinant human IgG1 Fc fused antibodies. The amino acid sequence of heavy chain variable region of A149-32 is described as SEQ ID NO: 4. The amino acid sequences of variable regions of AB3-7 and HEL are described as SEQ ID NOs: 7-10.
[0456] Briefly, pcDNA3.1 plasmids containing the above antibody sequences were tranfected using ExpiCHOTM Expression System (Cata. No. A29133, Thermofisher scientific, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The cells were cultured at 37 ℃ and 8%CO2 for about 6 days postransfection in media provided in the kit. Antibodies were purified by clarifying the ExpiCHOTM culture medium by centrifugation at 1,000 g for 10 min followed by 3,000 g for 30 min. The supernatant was then collected and filtered using a 0.45 μm filter followed by 0.22 μm filter. After that, the supernant was subjected to affinity purification using Protein A resins (Cat. No. 17549803, GE Healthcare) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. After 1-hour incubation, the resins were washed with PBS to remove the irrelevant proteins and eluted the objective antibodies with 0.1 M citric acid (pH3.0) . The elute fractions were immediately adjusted to physiologic pH by add Tris Buffer, pH8.0.
[0457] The purified antibodies were subsequently subjected to PBS buffer exchange and protein concentration determination using Nano-500 micro UV VIS spectrophotometer (Hangzhou Allsheng Instruments Co., Ltd, China) in 1×PBS buffer. SDS-PAGE and Coomassie-staining were carried out to test the antbody purity and integrity under non-reducing vs reducing conditions. Under non-reducing condition, the test results showed one dominating band around 80 kDa for A149-32, as well as 150 kDa for other full-length antibodies under non-reducing condition, whereas under reducing condision, the test results showed only one band (about 40 kDa) for A149-32, as well as two bands (50 kDa and 25 kDa) for other full-length antibodies. The purified protein was aquoted and kept at 4 ℃ for immediate use or stored at -80 ℃ for long time storage.
[0458] Exemplary anti-DLL3 antibodies mAb098 and mAb098 N56Q were made as such that the expression vectors containing the variable regions (VH and VL) fused to the constant regions of human IgG1 heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 18) and kappa light chain (SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20) , respectively, were transiently transfected into HEK293 or CHO-Scells. The recombinant antibodies produced in suspension of the cells were purified using Protein A affinity chromatography. Example 9 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-167
[0459] To the solution of mAb A149-32 (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 5 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 30 ℃. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 3 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction and shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. The ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) to give ADC PLAD-167. DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 10 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-205
[0460] To the solution of mAb A149-32 with Fc mutations M252Y / S254T / T256E (mAb A149-32-YTE) (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 5 eq. of TCEP was added in antibody solution. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 30 ℃. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound-3 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. The ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) to give ADC PLAD-205. DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 11 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-169
[0461] To the solution of isotype control IgG1 antibody HEL (Cat. no. B214401, Biointron) (5 mg, 2.5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 3 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction and shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. The ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 12 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-189
[0462] To the solution of mAb098 (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added in antibody solution. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 4 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction and shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 13 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-191
[0463] To the solution of mAb63 (5 mg, 2.5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 4 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / ml) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 14 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-181
[0464] To the solution of HEL (5 mg, 2.5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added in antibody solution. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 4 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / ml) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 15 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-201
[0465] To a solution of sdAb A149-32 (5 mg, 5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (TEAA buffer) , 5 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 30 ℃. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 18 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / ml) to give ADC PLAD-201. DAR was determined by LC-MS. Example 16 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-202
[0466] To a solution of isotype mAb HEL (5 mg, 2.5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 18 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / ml) to give ADC PLAD-202. DAR was determined by LC-MS. Example 17 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-204
[0467] To a solution of sdAb A149-32 with Fc mutations M252Y / S254T / T256E (A149-32-YTE) (5 mg, 5 mg / ml) in conjugation buffer (TEAA buffer) , 5 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 30 ℃. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 18 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / ml) to give ADC PLAD-204. DAR was determined by LC-MS. Example 18 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-214
[0468] To a solution of mAb A149-32 (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 5 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 30 ℃. To the reduced antibody solution, 8 eq. of Compound 19 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction and shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. The ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) to give ADC PLAD-214. DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 19 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-211
[0469] Based on isotype control IgG1 antibody HEL (Cat. no. B214401, Biointron) , the IgG1 Fc region was further introduced of LALA mutation (i.e., double mutations of L234A and L235A in the Fc region, according to EU numbering system) , to generate antibody “HEL lala” .
[0470] To be specific, the Fc region of antibody HEL lala comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0471] Amino acid sequence of HEL lala Fc region (SEQ ID NO: 21) :
[0472] To the solution of HEL lala (5 mg, 2.5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PB buffer) , 0.1%wt endoglycosidase and 10 eq. of a disaccharide oxazoline carrying azide groups (oxa-dis-N3) were added and shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. Then 10 eq. of Compound 6 was added to the azide-modified antibody solution and shaken for 6 another 6 hours. The mixture was purified by IEX chromatography to afford the ADC (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 20 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-212
[0473] To the solution of mAb098 N56Q (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 0.1%wt endoglycosidase and 10 eq. of a disaccharide oxazoline carrying azide groups (oxa-dis-N3) were added and shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. Then 10 eq. of Compound 6 was added to the azide-modified antibody solution and shaken for another 6 hours. The mixture was purified by IEX chromatography to afford the ADC (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 21 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-208
[0474] To the solution of HEL lala (as described in Example 19, 5 mg, 2.5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. After shaken for 2 hours at room temperature, 8 eq. of Compound 4 was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine was added to quench the reaction and was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. The ADC was purified via Ultrafiltration (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Example 22 Synthesis of ADC PLAD-222
[0475] To the solution of mAb098 N56Q (5 mg, 5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 0.1%wt endoglycosidase and 10 eq. of a disaccharide oxazoline carrying azide groups (oxa-dis-N3) were added and shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. Then 10 eq. of Compound 4 was added to the azide-modified antibody solution and shaken for another 6 hours. The mixture was purified by IEX chromatography to afford the ADC (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by UV spectrometer and LC-MS. Exmaple 23 Synthesis of positive control ADC PLAD-096 and negative control ADC PLAD-159
[0476] To the solution of mAb AB3-7 (5 mg, 2.5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 6 eq. of VC-MMAE (MCE, HY-15575, purity 99.94%) was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via gel filtration column (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) . DAR was determined by hydrophobic interaction and reversed-phase chromatography.
[0477] To a solution of mAb HEL (5 mg, 2.5 mg / mL) in conjugation buffer (PBS buffer) , 3 eq. of TCEP was added. The mixture was shaken for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reduced antibody solution, 6 eq. of VcMMAE (MCE, HY-15575, purity 99.94%) was added. The reaction mixture was mixed well and shaken for 1 hour. Then 50 eq. of L-cysteine solution was added to reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was shaken for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the ADC was purified via gel filtration column (3 mg, 3 mg / mL) to give ADC HEL-VC-MMAE (PLAD-159) . DAR was determined by hydrophobic interaction and reversed-phase chromatography. Example 24. Biochemical characterization of ADCs
[0478] Table 6 summarizes the DAR values of the ADCs obtained in Examples 8-18. The ADCs comprise a low percentage of unconjugated antibody, high-molecular-weight (HMWs) species, and drug related impurities (including linker-payload and free payload) . DAR value of Compound 3 conjugated ADCs measured by LC-MS were ranging from 3 to 5, while that of Compound 4, 18 and 19 conjugated ADCs were ranging from 6 to 8. The ADCs also comprised a low level of endotoxin, rendering them suitable for in-vivo anti-tumor efficacy studies.
[0479] The ADCs obtained are listed in Table 6 below. Table 6 Example 25. Cancer cell-based binding of A149-32, AB3-7, and HEL antibodies as well as the ADCs
[0480] The CLDN6 positive cell lines, OVCAR3 cells (Ovarian cancer, ATCC No. HTB161) and NEC-8 cells (Testicular germ cell tumor, Cat. No. CTCC-008-0013, Meisen CTCC) were used for the in-vitro cell binding evaluation of A149-32, and AB3-7 antibodies, as well as the exemplary ADCs of the present disclosure and control ADC. DLL3 expressing cell lines, SHP77 cells and NCI-H82 cells were used for in-vitro cell binding evaluation of mAb098 or mAb098 N56Q antibody as well as exemplary ADCs of the present disclosure and control ADC. Table 7 listed the information of cancer cell lines used.
[0481] Briefly, OVCAR3 cells or NEC-8 cells were maintained in the respective culture medium supplemented with 10~20 %FBS (Cat. No. FSP500, Excell Bio) , 2 mM L-glutamine (Cat. No. 25030081, ThermoFisher) and 1 %Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution (BL505A, Biosharp Life Sciences) according to the manufacturer’s recommendation (Table 5) . Cells were cultured at 37 ℃ in an atmosphere of 5 %CO2 in air, and harvested from flask for the assay when the confluence reached 70 %-80 %. 100 μL of 2×106 cells / mL of cells per well in 96-well cell culture plate were incubated with antibodies A149-32, AB3-7, and HEL, as well as the test ADCs in a 4-fold serial dilutions starting from 400 nM to 0.00512 nM for one hour on ice. After being washed twice with 200 μL per well of FACS buffer, cells were incubated with 100 μL 1× secondary antibody PE anti-human IgG Fc Antibody (Cat. No. 366904, Biolegend) for 30 –60 mins on ice. Cells were washed twice with 200 μL of FACS buffer and re-suspended with 200 μL FACS buffer for further detection by CytoFlex Cytometry (Beckman Coulter) . Data were analyzed with the built-in analysis software of CytoFlex. Table 7 Information of cancer cell lines used in cell based assays
[0482] The results of cancer cell binding of ADCs of the present disclosure, PLAD-201, PLAD-167, PLAD-202, PLAD-169, PLAD-204, and PLAD-205 and positive control ADC PLAD-096 are shown in Figures 1A and 1B. It can be seen that the ADCs of the present disclosure showed a comparable binding potency with the antibodies.
[0483] For SHP77 cells and NCI-H82 cells, test andibody mAb098 or mAb098 N56Q or test ADCs were incubated at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 0.00128 nM with cells. The FACS results of cancer cell binding of ADCs of the present disclosure, PLAD-189, PLAD-212 and PLAD-222 and isotype control ADC PLAD-181 are shown in Figures 1C and 1D. Compared to naked antibody WT-098 or WT-098 N56Q, absolute binding of ADCs of the present disclosure was significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, isotype ADC control PLAD-181 did not show any specific binding. Example 26. Target mediated endocytosis of antibodies and the ADCs in tumor cells using FACS method
[0484] Endocytosis (internalization effect) of the antibodies (A149-32 and AB3-7) , ADCs (PLAD-201 and PLAD-167) of the present disclosure and positive control ADC PLAD-096 was measured by a flow cytometry. The CLDN6 positive OVCAR3 cells (Ovarian cancer, ATCC No. HTB161) was used. The culture conditions of cell lines are the same as in Example 25.
[0485] Cells were harvested with 0.25 %Trysin / EDTA (T1320, Solarbio) and adjusted the cell concentration to 4×106 cells / mL with 1×PBS containing 1 %FBS buffer. 100 μL cells per well were then plated in the 96-well cell culture plates and incubated with the test antibodies and ADCs at a final concentration 100 nM for seven time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours) . The mixtures were incubated at 4 ℃ in an atmosphere of 5 %CO2 in air. At specific time points, cells were immediately washed twice and suspended in 100 μL cold wash buffer containing 2 %paraformaldehyde for 30 mins. Cells were washed twice and then incubated with 1×PE anti-human IgG Fc Antibody (Cat. No. 366904, Biolegend) at 4 ℃ and 5 %CO2 for another one hour. After the two-step washing by washing buffer, cells were re-suspended in 100 μL FACS buffer. CytoFlex Cytometry (Beckman Coulter) was used to detect the fluorescent signals of cells. The internalization ratio at several time points were calculated as the missing rate of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values at specific time point in that at 0 hours. Curves of internalization rate versus incubation time (hours) were plotted with the Graphpad Prism Software.
[0486] The results were shown in Table 8 and Figure 2A. For CLDN6 high-expressing OVCAR3 cells, the ADCs of the present disclosure could effectively mediate the internalization into OVCAR3 cells. The conjugation of A149-32 to linker-payloads provided herein did not change the target mediated internalization. Table 8. MFI value of internalization assay for ADCs on OVCAR3 cells
[0487] Endocytosis (internalization effect) of the anti-DLL3 antibody mAb098 and ADC PLAD-189 of the present disclosure was measured in NCI-H524, NCI-H82 and and SHP77 cells. The results were shown in Figures 2B-2D. The ADC of the present disclosure could effectively mediate the internalization into NCI-H524, NCI-H82 and and SHP77 cells. The conjugation of mAb098 to linker-payloads provided herein did not change the target mediated internalization . Example 27 In vitro anti-tumor activity of ADCs
[0488] The in-vitro tumor cytotoxicity of ADCs of the present disclosure and the positive control ADC PLAD-096 was investigated against several cancer cells, including OVCAR3 cells (Ovarian cancer, ATCC No. HTB161) , OV90 cells (Ovarian cancer, ATCC No. CRL-11732) , NEC-8 cells (Testicular germ cell tumor, Cat. No. CTCC-008-0013, Meisen CTCC) , and CLDN6 negative cell line NCI-H1299 cells (NSCLC cancer, Cat. No. CL0165, ProCell) . A 3D 6-day cell cytotoxicity assay was performed for OV90 cells whereas a 2D 3-day cell cytotoxicity assay for OVCAR3 cells.
[0489] Briefly, for 2D assay, 5,000 cells / well of cells were uniformly platted into wells of 2D white clear 96-well assay plates (Cat. No. 6005182, PerkinElmer) (excluding edge wells, which contained medium only) in 90 μL respective complete culture medium (as shown in Example 18) ; for 3D assay of OV90 cells, 3,000 cells / well of cells were homogeneously platted into wells of U-shape 96-well assay plates (Cat. No. C064096, FDcell) in 135 μL RPMI-1640 basic culture medium containing 10 %FBS (Cat. No. FSP500, Excell Bio) , 2 mM L-glutamine (Cat. No. 25030081, ThermoFisher) and 1 %Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution (BL505A, Biosharp Life Sciences) . Cells were grown at 37 ℃ in a humidified incubator at 5 %CO2 atmosphere. After incubation overnight, each test ADC was added to the respective wells in final concentration ranging from 100 nM to 0.015 nM. After additional 3-day (2D) or 6-day (3D) incubation, plates were removed from incubator and equilibrated to room temperature. After approximately 30 mins, 50 μL of 2.0 Luminescent Cell Viability Reagent (Cat. No. G7573, Promega) were added to each well. After shaking the plates at 450 rpm for 3 mins followed by 10-min incubation without shaking, luminescence was measure on the Envision plate reader (Equipment No. 2104, PerkinElmer) with integration time of 250 ms per well. Curves of luminescence versus ADC concentration (nM) were fitted using GraphPad Prism Software.
[0490] The results are shown in Figures 3A-3D. The positive control ADC PLAD-096 exhibited anti-proliferation efficiency in the three CLDN6-expressing cancer cells with similar killing potency (nanomolar killing EC50 value) . In comparison, A149-32-based ADCs (PLAD-201 and PLAD-167) showed target-dependent cytotoxicity as indicated in the three cancer cell lines with high (OVCAR3) , high to moderate (NEC-8) , and low (OV90) CLDN6-expressing cell lines. For CLDN6 high-expressing OVCAR3 cells, PLAD-201 exhibited about 10-fold stronger killing potency than PLAD-096, and PLAD-167 exhibited comparable cytotoxicity with PLAD-096.
[0491] Similar profile was observed in CLDN6 low-expressing OV90 cells after 6-day incubation, although PLAD-096 was reported no obvious killing effect on OV90 cells when incubate for 48 to 72 hours (see US20230049752A1) . NEC-8 was reported as a type of cancer cell line that endogenously expresses CLDN6 with high-to-moderate level, and meanwhile lacks other claudin family members such as CLDN9, CLDN3, and CLDN4 (see WO2022187275A1) . For NEC-8, PLAD-167 had a comparable cytotoxic efficiency as PLAD-096, and PLAD-201 showed slightly weaker killing potency than PLAD-096. In addition, the Fc-engineered A149-32-YTE-based ADCs (PLAD-204 and PLAD-205) showed similar cytotoxic performance as their respective wild-type version A149-32-based ADCs (PLAD-201 and PLAD-167) . Example 28 In vitro cytotoxic assays of ADCs on small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells
[0492] The in vitro cell killing assay was performed on SHP77 (ATCC No. CRL-2195) , NCI-H524 (ATCC No. CRL-5831) SCLC cell lines for ADCs of the present disclosure (PLAD-189, PLAD-191, PLAD-212 and PLAD-222) and control ADCs (PLAD-181, PLAD-208 and PLAD-211) .
[0493] SHP77 and NCI-H524 cells were used for 3D 7-day efficacy assays. For 3D assays, 3,000 cells per well were added to U-shape 96-well assay plates (Cat. No. C064096, FDcell) in 135 μL RPMI-1640 basic culture medium containing 10 %FBS (Cat. No. FSP500, Excell Bio) and 1 %Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution (BL505A, Biosharp Life Sciences) . Tumor cell lines were grown at 37 ℃ in a humidified incubator at 5 %CO2 atmosphere. After incubating overnight, 10μL of test ADCs, and the free linker-payload Compound 4 were added to the respective wells with concentration ranging from 100 nM to 0.015 nM. After 72h of incubation for 2D 3-day assay, or 7 days continuing culture for 3D cytotoxic studies, the 96-well plates were removed from incubator and equilibrated to room temperature 30 min in advance of adding 50 μL of 2.0 Luminescent Cell Viability Reagent (Cat. No. G7573, Promega) . Luminescence indicating cell viability was measured on the Envision plate reader (Equipment No. 2104, PerkinElmer) after shaking the plates at 450 rpm for 3 mins for complete mixture followed by 10-min still incubation. Curves of luminescence versus ADC concentration (nM) were fitted using GraphPad Prism Software. Results are shown in Figures 4A to 4C. The results demonstrate that PLAD-191, PLAD-189 and PLAD-222 exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro. In SHP77 3D 7-day assay, PLAD-191 and PLAD-189 of the present disclosure showed a potency 17.5-fold and 4.4-fold higher than that of the isotype ADC control PLAD-181 (Figure 4A) . Similarly, PLAD-189 and PLAD-222 exhibited higher potency than that of the isotype ADC control PLAD-208 (Figure 4C) . In NCI-H524 cytotoxicity assay, similar trend was also observed (Figure 4B) .
[0494] NCI-H524 cells were also used for 3D 5-day efficacy assay for PLAD-212 and PLAD-222 of the present disclosure and isotype control ADC PLAD-211 and PLAD-208. Cells were plated at a density of 8000 cells per well of 96-well round bottom ultra-low attachment plates (FDcell, C064096) in a volume of 135 μL in their recommended culture media supplement with 10%fetal bovine serum. Immediately after plating, centrifuge the ULA plate for 3 minutes, 1200 RPM, at room temperature and incubate at 37 ℃, 5 %CO2 overnight. A 3 × concentration of each dose of test ADCs was prepared by serial dilution of the ADCs in culture medium. 15 μL of each tested was added to cells in replicates such that final ADC concentration ranged from 100 nM to 0.00128 nM. The treated cells were cultured for 5 days at 37 ℃ in a humidified incubator. The metabolic activity was determined using CellTiter-Glo 3D Luminescent Viability Assay (#G9683) from Promega according to manufacturer’s instructions. Recorded luminescence on the EnVision Multi-Mode Plate Reader. Data were plotted as percent metabolic activity relative to untreated control. RelC50 values were determined using logistic non-linear regression analysis between the maximal viability and the maximal response (peak inhibition) with GraphPad Prism Software. Results are shown in Figure 4D. It is shown that PLAD-212 and PLAD-222 exhibited high potency levels on NCI-H524 cells, which has an over 600-fold therapeutic window compared to isotype ADC control PLAD-211. Example 29 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of the ADCs in several cancer cell derived xenograft (CDX) mice
[0495] The in-vivo tumor inhibitory effects of the ADCs disclosed herein were respectively evaluated in OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cell, NEC-8 testicular germ tumor cell, and OV90 ovarian cancer cell derived xenografts. Briefly, cells were maintained in the respective culture medium supplemented with 10~20 %FBS (Cat. No. FSP500, Excell Bio) , 2 mM L-glutamine (Cat. No. 25030081, ThermoFisher) and 1 %Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution (BL505A, Biosharp Life Sciences) according to the manufacturer’s recommendation (Table 7) .
[0496] For OVCAR3 CDX study, 1×107 cells with 1: 1 Matrigel suspended in 0.2 mL PBS supplement with 50% (v / v) matrigel were injected subcutaneously in the right upper flank of 6-to 8-week-old BALB / c female nude mice (purchased from Shanghai Bikai Keyi Biotechnology Co., LTD) . On day 28, mice were randomized to 12 groups (n=6) when the average tumor volume was 129 mm3. Treatments were initiated on the very same day (defined as PG-D0) . The test articles were administrated to the mice according to the predetermined regimen as shown in the experimental design table (Table 9) . Mice at A49-32 antibody and PLAD-096 groups only received 2.5 mg / kg test articles (i. v., QW) for 3 weeks; mice at the non-targeting isotype ADCs (PLAD-159, PLAD-202, and PLAD-169) treatment groups were injected with 5.0 mg / kg (i. v., QW) test drugs for 3 weeks; mice at PLAD-201 treatment groups were injected (i. v. ) with 2.5 and 5.0 mg / kg PLAD-201 weekly (QW) for 3 weeks; mice at PLAD-167 treatment groups were injected (i.v. ) with 2.5 and 5.0 mg / kg PLAD-167 weekly (QW) for 3 weeks. The tumor volumes and body weights were measured and recorded twice a week. Tumor volume was expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5 × a × b2 where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively. On the termination day 35 (defined as PG-D35) , tumor weight was dissected and measured.
[0497] For NEC-8 CDX study, 1×107 cells with 1: 1 Matrigel suspended in 0.2 mL PBS supplement with 50% (v / v) matrigel were injected subcutaneously in the right upper flank of 6-to 8-week-old female NOD-SCID mice (purchased from Laboratory Animal Business Department of Shanghai Family Planning) . On day 21, mice were randomized to 12 groups (n=6) when the average tumor volume was 126 mm3. Treatments were initiated on the very same day (defined as PG-D0) . The test articles were administrated to the mice according to the predetermined regimen as shown in the experimental design table (Table 10) , which was same as OVCAR3 CDX study. The tumor volumes and body weights were measured and recorded twice a week. Tumor volume was expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5 × a × b2 where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively. On the termination day 34 (defined as PG-D34) , tumor weight was dissected and measured.
[0498] For OV90 CDX study, 5×107 cells with 1: 1 Matrigel suspended in 0.2 mL PBS supplement with 50% (v / v) matrigel were injected subcutaneously in the right upper flank of 6-to 8-week-old female BALB / c Nude mice (purchased from Laboratory Animal Business Department of Shanghai Family Planning) . On day 15, mice were randomized to 15 groups (n=6) when the average tumor volume was 141 mm3. Treatments were initiated on the very same day (defined as PG-D0) . The test articles were administrated to the mice according to the predetermined regimen as shown in the experimental design table (Table 11) . Mice at A149-32 antibody and PLAD-096 groups only received 3.0 mg / kg of test articles (i.v., QW) for 3 weeks; mice at the non-targeting isotype ADCs (PLAD-202 and PLAD-169) treatment groups were injected with 3.0 mg / kg (i.v., QW) test drugs for 3 weeks; mice at PLAD-201 and PLAD-204 treatment groups were injected (i.v. ) with 1.0 and 3.0 mg / kg of test ADCs weekly (QW) for 3 weeks; mice at PLAD-167 and PLAD-205 treatment groups were injected (i.v. ) with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg / kg of test ADCs weekly (QW) for 3 weeks. The tumor volumes and body weights were measured and recorded twice a week. Tumor volume was expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5 × a × b2 where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively. On the termination day 28 (defined as PG-D28) , tumor weight was dissected and measured.
[0499] The tumor size was used for calculations of both T / C and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values. The T / C value (in percent) is an indication of antitumor effectiveness; T / C was calculated for each group using the formula: T / C (%) =TRTV / CRTV × 100 (%) ; TRTV is the average relative tumor volume of a treatment group, CRTV is the average relative tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day with TRTV. RTV = Vt / V0, Vt is the tumor volume on a given day, V0 is the tumor volume on the day of treatment start. TGI rate (%) was calculated as (TVCR-TVTR) / TVCR (%) , where TVCR and TVTR are the relative tumor volumes of the vehicle control group and the experimental groups, respectively. Mice were euthanized and deemed to have succumbed to disease once tumors grew greater than 2, 500 mm3. GraphPad Prism 6.0 Software was used for statistical analysis with a one-way ANOVA.
[0500] Figures 5A-5C and Table 9 shows the anti-tumor efficacy of ADCs of the present application against OVCAR3 CDXs. ADCs PLAD-167 and PLAD-201 demonstrated significant and dose-dependent anti-tumor efficiency. At the same dosing (2.5 mg / kg) groups for PLAD-167, PLAD-201 and PLAD-096, the three ADCs showed similar tumor growth curve (Figure 5A) and comparable TGI and T / C value at day 34 (Table 9) . This can be also validated by the results of tumor weight at day 34 (Figure 5C) . In addition, the results of body weight change indicated no obvious potential toxic risk of the ADCs in this in vivo efficacy study (Figure 5B) . Table 9. Tumor growth inhibition results in ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cell xenograft mice calculated based on tumor volume measurements at day 34 post-treatment Note: a: The data represents Mean ± SEM
[0501] Figures 6A-6C and Table 10 show the tumor inhibitory effect of the ADCs of the present disclosure on NEC-8 CDXs. ADCs PLAD-167 and PLAD-201 demonstrated significant and dose-dependent anti-tumor efficiency, and presented more potent tumor-inhibitory effect than PLAD-096 (Figure 6A) . This can be also validated by the results of tumor weight at day 34 (Figure 6C) . In addition, the results of body weight change indicated no obvious potential toxic risk of the ADCs of the present disclosure in NEC-8 CDX efficacy study (Figure 6B) . Table 10. Tumor growth inhibition results in testicular germ tumor NEC-8 cell xenograft mice calculated based on tumor volume measurements at day 34 post-treatment Note: a: The data represents Mean ± SEM b: P was calculated based on tumor volume. A one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed to compare tumor volume among vehicle group and treatment groups. All data were analyzed using GraphPad, **, ***, ****were considered to be statistically significant.
[0502] Figures 7A-7C and Table 11 show the tumor inhibitory effect of the ADCs of the present disclosure on OV90 CDXs. The ADCs of the present disclosure (PLAD-167, PLAD-201, PLAD-204, and PLAD-205) demonstrated significant and dose-dependent anti-tumor efficiency. PLAD-201 presented potent tumor-inhibitory effect, which was comparable with PLAD-096 (Figure 7A) . PLAD-167 also showed strong anti-tumor efficacy with the TGI (%) value at day 28 was 97.3%. Tumor weight at day 30 in different treatment groups are shown in Figure 7C, which indicates no obvious potential toxic risk of the ADCs of the present disclosure in OV90 CDX efficacy study (Figure 7B) . Table 11. Tumor growth inhibition results in ovarian cancer OV90 cell xenograft mice calculated based on tumor volume measurements at day 28 post-treatment Note: a: The data represents Mean ± SEM b: P was calculated based on tumor volume. A one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed to compare tumor volume among vehicle group and treatment groups. All data were analyzed using GraphPad, * (p<0.05) , ** (p<0.01) , **** (p<0.0001) were considered to be statistically significant. Example 30 In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of the ADCs in SHP77 CDX model
[0503] In brief, ~ 10 × 106 SHP77 tumor cells (suspended in 1: 1 PBS and Matrigel) were subcutaneously implanted into the flank of the CB17 SCID mice (Zhejiang Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. ) . When tumors had reached a volume of approximately 149 mm3, the mice were randomized and test ADCs or control vehicle was administered intravenously. In these studies, one dose of the test ADCs or control vehicle was administered (QW*3) . The results of this study with respect to subcutaneously implanted SHP77 SCLC tumor cells are presented in Table 12. The isotope control ADC PLAD-181 showed responsiveness against SHP77 CDX tumor cells with complete response (CR) of 6 / 6 in tested dosage 10 mg / kg and PLAD-189 of the present disclosre showed responsiveness against SHP77 CDX tumor cells with complete response (CR) of 6 / 6 in both tested dosage 5 and 10 mg / kg. Table 12 Tumor growth inhibition calculation for DLL3 ADC treatment in SHP77
[0504] To further measure test the minimum effective dosages of ADCs on SHP77 CDX model, another in vivo efficacy study was performed with 1 mg / kg, 2.5 mg / kg and 5 mg / kg PLAD-189 and with 5 mg / kg PLAD-208 on SHP77 Balb / c nude mice.
[0505] In brief, ~ 10 × 106 SHP77 tumor cells (suspended in 1: 1 PBS and Matrigel) were subcutaneously implanted into the flank of the Balb / c nude mice (Zhejiang Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. ) . When tumors had reached a volume of approximately 134 mm3, the mice were randomized and test ADCs or control vehicle was administered intravenously. In these studies, one dose of the test ADC or control vehicle was administered (QW*3) . The results of this study with respect to subcutaneously implanted SHP77 SCLC tumor cells are presented in Table 13. PLAD-189 of the present disclosure showed responsiveness against SHP77 CDX tumor cells (Figure 8) . Table 13 Tumor growth inhibition calculation for ADC lower dosages treatment in SHP77 Example 31 In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK / PD) study of the ADCs of the present disclosure in the subcutaneous OVCAR3 ovarian cancer derived xenograft BALB / c Nude mouse model
[0506] When assessed the in-vivo tumor inhibitory effects of ADCs in OVCAR3 CDXs, a single dose PK / PD study was also implemented to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the intra-tumor payload release level after the administration of the ADCs.
[0507] For PK analysis, female BALB / c Nude mice bearing ovarian cancer OVCAR3 xenograft tumors were administered a single intravenous injection of each test article at 2.5 mg / kg (antibody concentration) as shown in Table 14. The methods of OVCAR3 maintaining and tumor inoculation are respectively shown in Example 20. On day 28 post tumor inoculation, mice were randomized to four groups (n=6) when the average tumor volume was 129 mm3. Treatments were initiated on the very same day (defined as PG-D0) . The test articles were administrated to the mice according to the predetermined regimen as shown in the experimental design table (Table 14) . Blood was serially collected into K2EDTA tubes (n=3 / group) at 10 min, 24, 72, 96, 168, 240 and 336 h following the treatment and processed for plasma. Plasma samples (~20 μL) were snap-frozen on dry ice, and stored at –80 ℃ and shipped to PrimeLink Biotherapeutics for bioanalysis. Total antibody and conjugated drug of each test ADC was quantified by performing on QTRAP LC-MS / MS system according to the protocol provided by manufacturer. For each analytical run, peak area ratios of analyte and its internal standard (isotype labeled peptide for total antibody detection) were plotted versus the nominal concentrations of calibration standards using a linear least-squares regression with a weighting factor of 1 / x2. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed on n=3 samples per group as defined by the study protocol. The subjects were run through the NCA Plasma Model of Phoenix WinNonLin. Table 14. Description of PK Experimental Design Note: a. N: number of animals per group; b. Dose based on antibody concentration. c. Group Number listed excluded efficacy groups.
[0508] Total antibody and total conjugated drug mean concentration time profiles are shown in Figures 9A and 9B. PK parameter summary for total antibody and total conjugated drug are respectively listed in Table 15 and Table 16. PLAD-167 had better PK profiles than the benchmark ADC PLAD-096 in terms of half-life and clearance for both conjugated drug and antibody. PLAD-167 had superior PK profiles than its naked antibody A149-32 in terms of total antibody clearance.
[0509] For PD study, female BALB / c Nude mice bearing OVCAR3 xenograft tumors were administered a single intravenous injection of each test article at 2.5 mg / kg (antibody concentration) as shown in Table 17. The methods of OVCAR3 maintaining and tumor inoculation are respectively shown in Example 20. On day 34, post tumor inoculation, mice were randomized to four groups (n=6) when the average tumor volume was about 440 mm3. Treatments were initiated on the very same day (defined as PG-D0) . The test articles were administrated to the mice according to the predetermined regimen as shown in the experimental design table (Table 18) . The tumors were collected and weighted after a single dose of 2.5 mg / kg (antibody concentration) at 72 h and free payload was analyzed at PrimeLink Biotherapeutics. Tumor tissues were put on ice and cut into small pieces (around 0.1 mg to 0.2 mg) under biosafety hood including surface and inner side to be representative of the tumor distribution. Then 1%BSA acidified with 25 mg / mL citric acid was added to the tumor for homogenization with a ratio of 4: 1 (v: v) using a high throughput homogenizer Scientz-48LD by Scientz at a speed of 50 rpm for 50 s and with a cycle number of 4 at 4℃. Standards ranging from 1 ng / mL to 1500 ng / mL and quality control samples (QCs) were prepared in the homogenate prepared with blank tumor tissues. The samples, standards, and QC samples (20 μL) were quenched with 200 μL acetonitrile with 0.1%FA and a generic internal standard haloperidol. After centrifuging at 3500 rpm for 10 min at 4 ℃, the sample supernatant of 80 μL was taken out and diluted with 80 μL of water. Then sample (5 μL) was injected onto ABSciex QTRAP5500 and quantitated with MRM positive mode. Table 17. Study Design for PD Study for Intratumor Payload Release Notes: 1. Spare animals were used for the PD study. 2. For PD study, tumor volumes were approximately (250~500 mm3) . 3. Tumor samples were collected at 72 h after dosing, weighted and frozen immediately.
[0510] Free drug concentration in tumor for PD study at 72 hr is shown in Table 18 and illustrated in Figure 10. The concentration of the free drug accumulated inside the tumor at 72 h showed that PLAD-167 had higher concentration than Val-Cit-PABC-MMAE conjugated ADCs, PLAD-096 and PLAD-201, which was consistent with the PK results as shown above and efficacy data.
[0511] Overall, PLAD-167 had best PK and PD profile among all test articles including the positive control PLAD-096. Table 18. Free payload concentration (with STDEV) accumulated inside tumors after 72h
[0512] The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
[0513] The words "comprise" , "comprising" , "include" , "including" , and "includes" when used in this specification and in the following claims are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
Claims
1.A polymeric scaffold of Formula (I) : wherein:the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol;L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety;Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba;Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH-or -A-;A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol;each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol;each D is independently a therapeutic agent;each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D;each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state;T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000;k is an integer from 0 to 6; andeach of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.2.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein Wp is capable of reacting with a functional group on the targeting moiety via a click reaction.3.The polymeric scaffold of claim 2, wherein Wp is selected from the group consisting of: 4.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein Wp is capable of reacting with an amino acid on the targeting moiety.5.The polymeric scaffold of claim 4, wherein the amino acid is a natural amino acid, a non-natural amino acid or combination thereof.6.The polymeric scaffold of claim 5, wherein the natural amino acid is selected from cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid.7.The polymeric scaffold of claim 4, wherein Wp is capable of reacting with cysteine on the targeting moiety.8.The polymeric scaffold of claim 7, wherein Wp is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R1 is a sulfur protecting group, and each R2 is independently a leaving group.9.The polymeric scaffold of claim 8, wherein each R2 is independently selected from halo or R2aC (O) O-, and R2a is hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.10.The polymeric scaffold of claim 4, wherein Wp is capable of reacting with lysine on the targeting moiety, and is selected from the group consisting of: 11.The polymeric scaffold of claim 4, wherein Wp is capable of reacting with a non-natural amino acid on the targeting moiety.12.The polymeric scaffold of claim 11, wherein Wp is selected from 13.The polymeric scaffold of any one of preceding claims, wherein L is 14.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein Ma is selected from the group consisting of:R3, wherein *is the site covalently attached to L, **is the site covalently attached to Ba,R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 heteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -, aryl, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-10 alkyl) -, 4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-, -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-C (=O) -, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-C (=O) -, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -C (=O) -, -aryl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-C (=O) -, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-C= (O) -, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C (=O) -, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-C (=O) -, -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-NH-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-NH-, -O- (C1-8 alkyl) -NH-, -aryl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-NH-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -NH-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -NH-, - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-NH-, -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 heteroalkyl-S-, -C3-8 cycloalkyl-S-, -O-C1-8 alkyl-S-, -aryl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl-aryl-S-, -aryl-C1-10 alkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -S-, - (C3-8 cycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-, -4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl-S-, -C1-10 alkyl- (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -S-, and - (4-to 14-membered heterocycloalkyl) -C1-10 alkyl-S-;each R4 independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or -COO-C1-6 alkyl;R5 is -C (O) -NR5a-or -NR5a-C (O) -;R5a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl;R6 is a bond or -NR6a- (CR6bR6c) -C (O) -;R6a is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -COOH or –COO-C1-6 alkyl;each R6b and R6c independently is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, hydroxylated C6-10 aryl, polyhydroxylated C6-10 aryl, 5-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl, polyhydroxylated C3-8 cycloalkyl or a side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid;each n1 independently is an integer from 0 to 6;n2 is an integer from 0 to 8;each n3 independently is an integer from 1 to 6;n4 is an integer from 1 to 4; andeach n5 is independently an integer from 1 to 4.15.The polymeric scaffold of claim 14, wherein Ma is selected from the group consisting of: 16.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein G1 is selected from the group consisting of: wherein *is the site covalently attached to LP, each R7 is independently selected from a direct bond, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and R7a is selected from hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl moiety.17.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein each Lp independently comprises a labile structure.18.The polymeric scaffold of claim 17, wherein the labile structure is selected from redox labile structures, hydrolytically labile structures, or enzymatic labile structures.19.The polymeric scaffold of claim 18, wherein the labile structure is a redox labile structure having a structure of and each R18 is independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl.20.The polymeric scaffold of claim 18, wherein the labile structure is a hydrolytically labile structure selected from the group consisting of: wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, R8 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R9 is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.21.The polymeric scaffold of claim 20, wherein G1 is R7 is alkyl, and*is the site covalently attached to LP.22.The polymeric scaffold of claim 21, wherein -G1-LP-D is 23.The polymeric scaffold of claim 18, wherein the labile structure is an enzymatic labile structure liable to enzymes selected from Cathepsin B, phosphatase, sulfatase, or glucuronidase.24.The polymeric scaffold of claim 23, wherein the enzymatic labile structure is liable to cathepsin B and is selected from -Z-, wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, Z is a substrate for cathepsin B comprising 2 to 4 amino acids, and R7a is alkyl.25.The polymeric scaffold of claim 24, wherein G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl, and *is the site covalently attached to LP.26.The polymeric scaffold of claim 25, wherein -G1-LP-D is selected from: 27.The polymeric scaffold of claim 23, wherein the enzymatic labile structure is liable to glucuronidase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D.28.The polymeric scaffold of claim 27, wherein G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl, and *is the site covalently attached to LP.29.The polymeric scaffold of claim 27, wherein -G1-LP-D is selected from: 30.The polymeric scaffold of claim 23, wherein the enzymatic labile structure is liable to phosphatase and is selected from wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R10 and R11 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.31.The polymeric scaffold of claim 30, wherein G1 is 32.The polymeric scaffold of claim 31, wherein -G1-LP-D is selected from the group consisting of: 33.The polymeric scaffold of claim 23, wherein the enzymatic labile structures are liable to sulfatase and is wherein *is the site covalently attached to G1, **is the site covalently attached to D, each of R12 and R13 is independently hydrogen, -NH-, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.34.The polymeric scaffold of claim 33, wherein G1 is wherein R7 is alkyl, and *is the site covalently attached to LP.35.The polymeric scaffold of claim 28, wherein -G1-LP-D is 36.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-35, wherein T is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, or pyrimidinyl.37.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-36, whereinn is an integer from 1 to 100;m is an integer from 1 to 100;p is an integer from 1 to 50; andeach of t1 and t2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and t1+t2 is at least 3.38.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-37, wherein the therapeutic agent has antiproliferative activity against a target cell or pathway.39.The polymeric scaffold of claim 38, wherein the antiproliferative activity is selected from cytostatic and / or cytotoxic activity.40.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from anti-cancer substances, cytotoxic drugs, radionuclides, vitamins, anti-AIDS substances, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, immunomodulatory compounds, therapeutic RNAs, anti-viral substances, enzyme inhibitors, neurotoxins, opioids, hypnotics, anti-histamines, tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, muscle relaxants and anti-Parkinson substances, anti-spasmodics and muscle contractants including channel blockers, miotics and anti-cholinergics, anti-glaucoma compounds, anti-parasite and / or anti-protozoal compounds, modulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions including cell growth inhibitors and anti-adhesion molecules, vasodilating agents, inhibitors of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, anti-hypertensives, analgesics, anti-pyretics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-angiogenic factors, antisecretory factors, anticoagulants and / or antithrombotic agents, local anesthetics, ophthalmics, prostaglandins, anti-depressants, anti-psychotic substances, anti-emetics, imaging agents.41.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is an amino acid-based molecule.42.The polymeric scaffold of claim 41, wherein the amino acid-based molecule is selected from peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, or functional fragments thereof.43.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent has a chemically reactive group.44.The polymeric scaffold of claim 43, wherein the chemically reactive group comprises -COOH, primary amine, secondary amine (-NHR) , -OH, -SH, -C (O) H, C (O) R14. -C (O) NHR15, C (S) OH, -S (O) 2OR15, -P (O) 2OR15, -CN, -NC or -ONO, in which R14 is selected from an aliphatic, heteroahphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and R15 is selected from a hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.45.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein G2 is selected from -OH, -N (R16) 2, -COOH, -OP (O) (OH) 2 or -OS (O) 2OH, and each R16 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.46.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-45, wherein Ba is wherein WL is a functional group connected to stretcher Ma;each Z is independently a branching point;each R19 is independently a linker connecting Z to WM;each WM is independently a functional group connected to -NH-or -A-;r is an integer from 1-3;t is an integer from 1-3;wherein *is the site covalently attached to Ma, **is the site covalently attached to -A-or -NH-.47.The polymeric scaffold of claim 46, wherein Z is -CH (3-r) -, -SiH (3-r) -or -NH (2-r) -.48.The polymeric scaffold of claim 46, wherein Ba is 49.The polymeric scaffold of claim 48, wherein Ba is selected from the group consisting of: 50.The polymeric scaffold of claim 46, wherein Ba is 51.The polymeric scaffold of claim 50, wherein Ba is selected from the group consisting of: 52.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, wherein Ba is 53.The polymeric scaffold of claim 52, wherein:(i) two WM are connected to -NH-, and one WM is connected to -A-;(ii) one WM is connected to -NH-, and two WM are connected to -A-; or(iii) three WM are connected to -A-.54.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 46-53, wherein WL is selected from a group consisting of a bond, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC(=NH) NH-, -NHC (O) O-, and -NHC (O) NH-.55.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 46-54, wherein R19 is selected from an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl.56.The polymeric scaffold of claim 55, wherein R19 is -CH2 (OCH2CH2) 1-5-.57.The polymeric scaffold of claim 56, wherein R19 is -CH2OCH2CH2-.58.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 46-57, wherein WM is selected from *is the site covalently attached to R19.59.The polymeric scaffold of claim 58, wherein WM is selected from 60.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-59, wherein A is RA is hydrogen or alkyl, *is the site covalently attached to WM.61.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-60, wherein A is and WM is optionally WM is 62.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 1-60, wherein A is and WM is selected from optionally WM is 63.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 46-62, wherein G1 is and R7 is alkyl.64.The polymeric scaffold of claim 63, wherein G1 is 65.The polymeric scaffold of claim 46, wherein Ba is selected from the group consisting of: 66.The polymeric scaffold of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of: wherein67.A polymeric scaffold of Formula (II) : wherein,the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol;L is a linking moiety comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety;Ma is a stretcher connecting L to Ba moiety;Ba is a branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH-or -A-;A is a linking moiety connecting Ba to the linear polyglycerol;each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state;each G3 independently comprises a functional group capable of reacting with a reactive group in a drug release mechanism to connect the drug release mechanism to the linear polyglycerol;T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;each of n, m, p and q is an integer from 0 to 1000;k is an integer from 0 to 6;each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1.68.The polymeric scaffold of claim 67, wherein each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 1 to 5, each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 1 to 5, and t1+t2 is at least 3.69.The polymeric scaffold of claim 67 or 68, wherein G2 and G3 are independently selected from the group insisting of: wherein each R17 is independently selected from a direct bond, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.70.The polymeric scaffold of any one of claims 67-69, having a structure selected from: wherein,71.The polymeric scaffold of claim 70, wherein m is 4, n is 1, p is 3, and q is 1.72.A polymeric scaffold of Formula (III) : wherein,the polymeric scaffold comprises linear polyglycerol;PBRM is a targeting moiety;each La is independently a linking moiety connecting the targeting moiety to Ma and comprising a functional group Wp that is capable of forming a covalent bond with the targeting moiety;each Ma is independently a stretcher connecting La to Ba;Ba is branching moiety comprising a functional group WM connecting to -NH-or -A-;each A is independently a linking moiety connecting Ba moiety to the linear polyglycerol;each G1 is independently a functional group connecting Lp to the linear polyglycerol;each D is independently a therapeutic agent;each LP is independently a drug release mechanism linking G1 to D;each G2 is independently a functional group capable of converting into a charged state;each T is a terminal group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;each of n, m, p and q is independently an integer from 0 to 1000;k is an integer from 0 to 6;each of t1 and t2 is an integer from 0 to 30, and t1+t2 is at least 1; ands is in a range of 1 to 10.73.The polymeric scaffold of claim 72, wherein the targeting moiety is an antibody and / or fragment thereof.74.The polymeric scaffold of 73, wherein the targeting moiety is an antibody IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.75.The polymeric scaffold of claim 73, wherein the targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of a Fab, a Fab', a F (ab') 2, a Fd, an Fv fragment, a disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) , a (dsFv) 2, a bispecific dsFv (dsFv-dsFv') , a disulfide stabilized diabody (ds diabody) , a single-chain antibody molecule (scFv) , an scFv dimer, a multispecific antibody, a camelized single domain antibody, a nanobody, a domain antibody, or a bivalent domain antibody.76.A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the polymeric scaffold according to any one of claims 1-66 and 72-75 and an acceptable carrier.77.A method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutic effective amount of the polymeric scaffold according to any one of claims 1-66 and 72-75 or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 76.
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Site specific antibody-drug conjugates with peptide-containing linkers
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Polymer-drug conjugates
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Polymer-drug conjugates
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Polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates
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