Devices and methods for communication
By employing logical time-based operations and beam DTX patterns, the challenges of non-active time durations in NTN are addressed, enhancing coverage and reducing failure rates in random access and handover processes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/109022
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
In non-terrestrial networks (NTN), the discontinuous transmission (DTX) patterns of satellite beams lead to non-active time durations where no signal transmission or reception is possible, causing issues with timers and timing relationships, resulting in increased failure rates during random access procedures and handovers.
Implementing operations at the terminal device to handle timers and timing relationships by using logical time to exclude non-active time durations, suspending or resuming timers during these periods, extending timer lengths, or restarting timers to account for non-active time, and configuring beam DTX patterns for conditional handovers.
Enhances NTN coverage by reducing unnecessary failures and improving the success rate of random access procedures and handovers by effectively managing timers and timing relationships during non-active time durations.
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Figure CN2024109022_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for non-terrestrial network (NTN) coverage enhancement.BACKGROUND
[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is also working with the satellite communication industry to specify an integrated satellite and terrestrial network infrastructure in the context of the fifth generation (5G) . This is referred to as non-terrestrial networks (NTN) which term refers to networks, or segments of networks, using an airborne or spaceborne vehicle for transmission. In an NTN system, fifth generation (5G) base stations (gNB) or gNB functionality are deployed on board satellites or relayed by gNBs to provide communication coverage over a very large area that may be otherwise unreachable by cellular networks.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; and in accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of: running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration; extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; or stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, wherein a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; and in accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of: modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; or modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; and select a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: determining whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; and in accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, performing an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of: running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration; extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; or stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, wherein a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: determining whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; and in accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, performing an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of: modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; or modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; and selecting a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0013] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of a beam level DTX / DRX in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3A illustrates an example diagram of messages transmission in a random access procedure;
[0018] FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C illustrate example diagrams showing issues during the random access procedure, respectively;
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method for operations for a timer overlapped with non-active time duration according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of logical time in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D illustrate example diagrams of optional operations for RAR window in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method for operations for timing relationship according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8A illustrates an example diagram showing the delaying transmission of a message in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 8B illustrates an example diagram of message transmission for random access procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow for conditional handover in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0028] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0032] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0033] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, an NTN device, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0034] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0035] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0036] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0037] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0038] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0039] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0040] As mentioned, NTN system may provide communication coverage over a very large area. In some mechanisms, additional reference satellite payload parameters assuming power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns / size (i.e. wide or narrow) across the satellite footprint are defined, such that satellite beams may not all be simultaneously active or may be active below the nominal effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) density per satellite beam due to limited power and limited feeder link bandwidth. In addition, the corresponding power sharing assumptions and necessary link level and system level evaluation methodology and relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) for evaluations of the coverage are defined, to allow for identification of physical channels / signals and system-level aspects that need enhancements and the corresponding needed improvements.
[0041] Solutions regarding the NTN enhancements are studied and specified, including link level enhancements for frequency range one (FR1) -NTN (e.g. for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ) and / or system level enhancements for FR1-NTN and / or frequency range two (FR2) -NTN, allowing dynamic and flexible power sharing between satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns / size (i.e. wide or narrow) across the satellite footprint.
[0042] Random access network one (RAN1) reports a list of targeted physical channels / signals for link level enhancements (if any) , and the targeted system-level enhancements (if any) . The impact to backward compatibility needs to be reported, if any, for potential extension of the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) periodicity, in conjunction with the targeted system-level enhancements.
[0043] Issues such as user equipment (UE) ’s cell search complexity and impact to initial cell selection, latency and success rate, for the above extension need to be considered. Antenna gain of UE shall be assumed to be -5.5dBi in case of smartphone in FR1-NTN, the UE is assumed to be a full duplex UE, and at least 2Rx are considered at the UE.
[0044] Non-geostationary stationary orbit (non-GSO, NGSO) is proposed to be considered in priority: low earth orbits (LEO) Set-1 at 600 km. Release (Rel) -18 network energy saving techniques should be considered as baseline in the system level study.
[0045] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a terminal device 110 and a network device 130 may communicate with each other through a network device 120 such as an NTN device 130. In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may be a radio access network (RAN) device on a satellite or a high-altitude platform station (HAPS) .
[0047] The network device 120 may communicate with an NTN gateway (not shown) located at a surface of Earth or an earth station. The NTN gateway may provide sufficient radio frequency (RF) power and RF sensitivity for accessing to the satellites or HAPS. The network device 120 may have a feeder link with the NTN gateway. The feeder link may be a wireless link between an NTN gateway and a satellite.
[0048] A service link or radio link may be established between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 is located in a serving area or a coverage of the network device 120. For example, the terminal device 110 may be located in different beam footprints of the network device 120. A beam footprint (also referred to as a cell footprint) is an area of the Earth visible to satellites. A beam footprint corresponds to a beam (also referred to as cell) . As shown, there may be a plurality of beam footprints, including a beam footprint 142, a beam footprint 143, a beam footprint 144, a beam footprint 145, a beam footprint 146, a beam footprint 147, ... Beam footprints may be of different sizes. For example, a beam footprint 132 may include the beam footprint 142, the beam footprint 143...; a beam footprint 134 may include the beam footprint 144, the beam footprint 145, ...; and a beam footprint 136 may include the beam footprint 146, the beam footprint 147, .... These beam footprints may be referred to as a coverage area 102 of the network device 120. From the field of view of the satellite, more than one footprint may be covered. Generally, to determine whether a terminal device may communicate with a satellite, it depends on whether the signal coverage area of the satellite will cover the terminal device and at what time.
[0049] In some embodiments, these beam footprints may be in different states. A possible state may be an “off” state or N1 state. For example, N1 beam footprints in the off state (N1 being an integer larger than or equal to 0) may not be served by any signal. That is, no satellite service is in this area. Another possible state may be a “common messages only” state or N2 state. For example, N2 beam footprints (N2 being an integer larger than or equal to 0) in the command messages only state do not have any active user traffic, and are served the necessary information for cell discovery and initial access. Optionally, user arrival (e.g., a random access channel (RACH) access) may be involved in this type of cell. A further state may be an “active traffic” or N3 state. For example, N3 beam footprint in the active traffic state (N3 being an integer larger than or equal to 0) may have X active (for example, voice over new radio (VoNR) ) users each, X being an integer larger than or equal to 0. The N3 beam footprints may also be served the necessary information for cell discovery and initial access. As used herein, the beam corresponding to the beam footprint in the off state may be also referred to as an inactive beam or non-active beam. The beam corresponding to the beam footprint in the “command messages only state” or “active traffic” sate may be referred to as active beam or beam in an active state or non-active state.
[0050] As used herein, the total N1 beam footprints, N2 beam footprints and N3 beam footprints may be referred to as total number of beam footprints. That is, a sum of N1, N2 and N3 is the total number of beam footprints. N1, N2, N3 and / or X may be reported. Resource utilization obtained under the assumptions above is to be reported. Other assumptions made in the evaluation are to be reported, e.g. power sharing scheme, beam hopping scheme, etc.
[0051] In some embodiments, a limited number of beams may be active simultaneously in NTN due to satellite power constraints. RAN1 has been working on defining additional reference satellite parameters for scenarios in FR1 and FR2. By way of example, the percentage of simultaneously active beams within the total number of beam footprints may be 1.5%or 10.02%, and the total number of beams may be 1058 in FR1 and 800 in FR2 respectively. At different time points, different beams or beams footprints may be in different states. For example, active beams may be varied at different time points.
[0052] As illustrated, at time T0, beams corresponding to the beam footprint 142, the beam footprint 144 and the beam footprint 146 are active beams. Other beams corresponding to other beam footprints may be inactive beams. At time T1, the beam footprint 143, the beam footprint 145 and the beam footprint 147 are active beams.
[0053] In some embodiments, the state of a beam footprint may be switched between an active state and a non-active state. Such state switching may be regarded as a beam level discontinuous transmission (DTX) or discontinuous reception (DRX) . The beam level DTX / DRX may have a finger granularity, which may also reach the same effects like cell level DTX / DRX (e.g., by associating a list of beams to the same pattern) . Besides, the beam level pattern may take a non-uniform distribution of users and of traffic load into account. Therefore, a beam level DTX / DRX is suitable to address all scenarios.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram 200 of a beam level DTX / DRX in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, for beam 1, there may be a plurality of cycles such as a cycle 210. In the cycle 210, the beam 1 is active in an on duration 215 (also referred to as an active time duration) , and the beam 1 is inactive in the remaining time duration (also referred to as an inactive time duration or non-active time duration) in the cycle 210. Likewise, for beam 2, in a cycle 220, the beam 2 is active in an on duration 225, and is inactive in the remaining time duration of the cycle 220.
[0055] In some example embodiments, a link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0056] It is to be understood that the number of apparatuses and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of apparatuses configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] It is to be understood that in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0058] In some mechanisms, DL coverage enhancement for NR NTN is proposed. To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the UL / DL time resource for SSB and system information block one (SIB1) together with system information block 19 (SIB19) and message one (MSG1) ~ message five (MSG5) are consecutively allocation without any time gap. The processing delay at the base station (BS) / UE may be neglected. In other words, the lower bound of the dwell time is calculated with following breakdown. Table 1 shows the time required needed for an initial access procedure. It is to be understood that the time values in Table 1 are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation.
[0059] Table 1
[0060] It is observed that to support MSG1 detection, a minimum dwell time of 13.2ms may be needed for a give beam. In this case, only 1 footprint may be served by a beam in 20ms, and 106 (=1*106) or 16 (=1*16) beam footprints may be served by 106 or 16 simultaneously active beams in 20ms.
[0061] It is observed that if a complete initial access procedure is involved, a minimum dwell time of 31.5ms is needed for a give beam. In this case, only 0.5 footprint may be served by a beam in 20ms (or 1 footprint served in 40ms) , and 53 (=0.5*106) or 8 (=0.5*16) beam footprints may be served by 106 or 16 simultaneously active beams in 20ms.
[0062] Moreover, MSG1 retransmission may be applied when initial MSG1 transmission is failed, which leads to extra time for initial access and longer dwell time.
[0063] To support MSG1 detection, a minimum dwell time of 13.2ms is needed for a give beam. If a complete initial access procedure is involved, a minimum dwell time of 31.5ms is needed for a give beam.
[0064] According to the analysis above, the periodicity and coverage ratio are analyzed in table, based on the necessary DL common channels transmission only. Table 2 shows example periodicity for command channel for different scenarios. It is to be understood that the parameters and values in Table 2 are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation.
[0065] Table 2
[0066] It can be found that with consideration on the realistic situation, e.g., number of beams, RACH procedure and link budget, or the like, to ensure a workable system, the minimum required periodicity is 640ms. For Set 1-1, a minimum SSB periodicity of 640ms is needed to support necessary DL common channels transmission and random-access procedure. For Set 1-2, a minimum SSB periodicity of 640ms is needed to support necessary DL common channels transmission. For Set 1-3, a minimum SSB periodicity of 320ms is needed to support necessary DL common channels if link level enhancement is introduced for coverage.
[0067] The dwell time will significantly impact the revisit time interval. As shown in Table 2, 160ms dwell time will lead to 6400ms revisit time interval, which will significantly impact the access delay. However, if dwell time is too short, UE may not be able to finish one random access procedure during the dwell time, as shown in figure below, where the UE-gNB RTT is considerably large. As a result, random access procedure has to be done across multiple dwell time.
[0068] FIG. 3A illustrates an example diagram 300 of messages transmission in a random access procedure. As shown, Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, Msg4 and Msg5 are involved in the random access procedure, which may lead to a plurality of dwell times.
[0069] For random access to work well for UE, UE would be better to know the TDM pattern of beam illumination. Otherwise, the frequent interruption caused by beam hopping will impact the random access performance. One may argue that it will impact legacy UE. It is true. But given the restriction of simultaneously activated beam footprints, beam hopping has to be applied to random access procedure. Then the impact is inevitable. The intention to signal the TDM pattern is just to reduce the impact to new UEs.
[0070] For DL coverage enhancement of NTN, N1 status may be introduced, which means that the UE may be non-active duration (also referred to as inactive duration) , i.e. the network (NW) / UE cannot transmit any message in this state. For random access procedure, there are some possible issues as following if DTX is introduced.
[0071] An issue is that when the UE transmit preamble, it is possible that the NW cannot transmit random access response (RAR) due to non-active duration for this period. For this case, when the next period arrives, random access response (RAR) window may expire, this issue needs to be solved. FIG. 3B illustrates an example diagram 320 showing such issue during the random access procedure. As shown, an RAR window 330 encounters an N1 duration 345 (that is, a non-active time duration) in a DTX periodicity 340. The RAR window 330 will expire before the next N2 / N3 duration (or dwell time) 350. Thus, the gNB or NW cannot transmit the RAR.
[0072] Another issue is that the NW receives the preamble and transmit random access response. After receiving the RAR, NW is in N1 state. Then in the following, there are two possible solving ways for Msg3. A possible way is that the UE continues to transmit Msg3 based on the timing relation. For this case, the UE starts contention resolution timer, which may expire before receiving Msg4. FIG. 3C illustrates an example diagram 360 showing such scenario for the random access procedure, in which a contention resolution timer 380 is within an N1 duration 375 in a DTX periodicity 370. Thus, the contention resolution timer 380 expires before receiving Msg4. Another possible way is that when cell / beam is in active state, the UE transmit PUSCH due to NW cannot transmit Msg4 in N1 state. For this case, the timing relation needs to be modified.
[0073] In addition, for other timers, similar issue may occur. For example, when the timer is running, the cell / beam enters N1 state, such that the timer may expire before the next DTX period. After the UE receives UL / DL scheduling, according to the timing relation k1 and k2, it is possible to transmit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) during N1 state. For this case, since the NW cannot give some feedback, whether transmission may be delayed needs to be considered.
[0074] In view of the above, how to handle the timer when a procedure crosses the different DTX or DRX period needs to be considered. In addition, how to handle the timing relation when the timing relation crosses the different XTX or DRX periods also needs to be considered.
[0075] In order to solve at least part of the above problems or other potential problems, a solution on operations for a timer overlapped with non-active time duration is proposed. According to example embodiments, if a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, the terminal device performs an operation associated with the timer. In an option, the operation may be running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time. Another option may be suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration. A further option may be extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration. A still further option may be stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration. A time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0076] In this way, some unnecessary failures associated with a timer overlapping the non-active time duration of the network device such as NTN device may be avoided. The NTN coverage such as NTN downlink coverage may be enhanced.
[0077] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method 400 for operations for a timer overlapped with non-active time duration according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be implemented at the terminal device 110. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0078] At block 410, the terminal device 110 determines whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration. During the non-active time duration, no signal is transmitted to or received from the network device 120. In some embodiments, a time length of the non-active time duration is determined by subtracting an active time duration from a DTX cycle of the network device 120. For example, the non-active time duration corresponds to N1 state or N2 time duration of the network device 120.
[0079] If the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, at block 420, the terminal device 110 performs an operation associated with the timer. An option of the operation associated with the timer may be running the timer based on a logical time. As used herein, the term “logical time” refers to the time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time (also referred to as actual time) . FIG. 5 illustrates an example of logical time in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the logical time 520 and logical time 540 may be time excluding the non-active time duration (s) from physical time 510. For example, for the DTX periodicity 530, the N1 duration 534 is excluded. The logical time 520 corresponds to the N2 / N3 duration 532. The N1 time duration 53 (also referred to as time of N1 state) may be DTX cycle minus on duration timer.
[0080] The logical time may be logical frame, logical subframe, logical slot, logical time in a unit of ms, or the like. By way of example, if the running timer encounters N1 state, the time of N1 state may not be counted into the timer value. The timer may be counted based on the logical frame, subframe, slot or the like.
[0081] Still referring back to FIG. 4, another option of the operation may be suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration. Once the cell / beam enters N1 state of DTX, the running timer may be suspended. When the cell / beam enters N2 / N3 state, the running timer may be resumed.
[0082] A further option of the operation may be extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration. A still further option may be stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration. A time length of the restarted timer may include a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0083] In some embodiments, if a cell or a beam of the network device 120 enters an off state while the timer is running, the terminal device 110 may perform the operation associated with the timer. The non-active time duration comprises a time duration in which the cell or beam in the off state such as N1 state. While the cell or beam enters the off state, no signal is transmitted to or received from the cell or beam of the network device 120.
[0084] In some embodiments, if the timer is to be started during the non-active time duration, the terminal device 110 may start the timer before or after the non-active time duration.
[0085] In some embodiments, examples of the timer may include but not limited to a timer associated with a random access procedure, a configured grant (CG) timer, a configured grant retransmission timer, a discard timer, a reordering timer, or a further timer associated with the terminal device 110. It is to be understood that these example timers are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Any suitable timer may be applied.
[0086] For cell / beam DTX, if N1 state / full off state is used, it means that there is not any signal for this state. For all timers including radio resource control (RRC) , Packed Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) , radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer, such as T300, T-reordering, CG timer, contention resolution timer, once it is running within N1 state, the time of N1 state will not be counted into the timer value. The following two ways may be considered:
[0087] Option 1: logical time can be used for timer. The logical time is that time of N1 state can be removed, i.e. timer can be running only within the time outside the time of N1 state. Logical time may be logical slot, logical subframe, logical ms. For example, the logical time is 10240 –all the time of N1 state.
[0088] Option 2: when the timer is running, once the cell / beam enters N1 state, all the running timers will be suspended. When the N1 state ends or N2 / N3 state starts, all running timers will be resumed.
[0089] If a timer will be started / restarted during N1 state, this timer may not be started / restarted during this state. Once N1 state ends, this timer is started / restarted again.
[0090] As mentioned, the timer may be a timer associated with a random access procedure. By way of example, the timer may be a timer of an RAR window, a timer of an MsgB response window, the MsgB being a message in the random access procedure, or a contention resolution window.
[0091] For random access procedure, when preamble is transmitted, RAR window may be started after the last symbol of the last physical random access channel (PRACH) occasion corresponding to the PRACH transmission. If or is not zero, the window starts after an additional TTA+kmac msec, where denotes UE-derived timing correction, denotes Network-controlled timing correction, TTA denotes timing advance between downlink and uplink, and kmac denotes a number of slots for subcarrier spacing (SCS) configuration μ=0 provided by kmac or kmac=0 if kmac is not provided. It is possible that cell / beam enters N1 state within RAR window. Since the maximum value of RAR window is 10ms, the window may expire during N1 state, which can increase the failure probability rate of random access procedure. For this issue, the following ways may be considered:
[0092] RAR window time may be counted based on the logical slot.
[0093] Once the cell / beam enters N1 state, RAR window may be suspended. Once N1 state ends, RAR window may be resumed.
[0094] Once the cell / beam enters N1 state, RAR window is stopped. Then the terminal device 110 restarts RAR window, and the RAR window time is the left time plus time of N1 state.
[0095] In embodiments where the timer comprises a timer of an RAR window, the terminal device 110 may start the timer of the RAR window after transmitting a preamble for random access to the network device 120.
[0096] When RAR window is started after preamble is transmitted, if RAR window encounters N1 state, i.e. there is no any signals from the network (NW) , the following options may be considered in order to avoid RAR window expiration.
[0097] A first option may be that: logical slot for RAR window is used, i.e. the occupied time of N1 state may not be included. FIG. 6A shows an example diagram 600 of the first optional operation for RAR window. As shown, the N1 duration 610 is excluded from logical time. The RAR window may be counted on the logical time 612 and the logical time 614. That is, RAR window may be the logical slot (s) . The logical slot does not include N1 duration 610.
[0098] A second option may be that when RAR window is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, RAR window is suspended. When N1 state ends, RAR window is resumed. FIG. 6B shows an example diagram 620 of the second option for RAR window. In the second option, the RAR window may be suspended at an end of the logical time 612, that is, the beginning of the N1 duration 612. The RAR window may be resumed when the N1 duration 610 ends.
[0099] A third option may be that when RAR window is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, RAR window is stopped. Then the terminal device 110 restarts RAR window. The value of actual RAR window is the left time plus time of N1 state. FIG. 6C shows an example diagram 640 of the third option for RAR window. As shown, the RAR window may be restarted at the beginning of the N1 duration 610. The length 642 of the restarted RAR window may be extended.
[0100] A fourth option may be that when the terminal device 110 checks RAR window may encounter N1 state, the actual RAR window will be modified as RAR window plus time of N1 state (DTX cycle –on duration timer) . FIG. 6D shows an example diagram 660 of the fourth option for RAR window. As shown, the length 662 of the RAR window is extended. For example, the length 662 of the RAR window may be a sum of an original RAR window and the N1 duration 610.
[0101] In some embodiments, if RAR window may be started during N1 state, it will be delayed to be started until N1 state ends.
[0102] With these options for the timer of RAR window, random access failure rate may be reduced.
[0103] In embodiments where the timer comprises a timer of an MsgB response window, the terminal device 110 may start the timer of the MsgB response window after transmitting an MsgA to the network device 120, the MsgA and the MsgB being associated with a random access procedure. That is, when MsgB response window is started after MsgA is transmitted, if MsgB response window encounters N1 state, i.e. there is no any signals from NW, the following options may be considered in order to avoid MsgB response window expiration. Time of N1 state is that DTX cycle minus on duration timer.
[0104] An option may be that logical slot for MsgB response window is used, i.e. the occupied time of N1 state may not be included. Another option may be that when MsgB response window is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, MsgB response window is suspended. When N1 state ends, MSGB response window is resumed.
[0105] A further option may be that when MsgB response window is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, MsgB response window is stopped. Then the terminal device 110 restarts MsgB response window. The value of actual MsgB response window is the left time plus time of N1 state.
[0106] A still further option may be that when the terminal device 110 checks MsgB response window may encounter N1 state, the actual MsgB response window will be modified as MsgB response window plus time of N1 state (DTX cycle –on duration timer) .
[0107] If MsgB response window may be started during N1 state, it will be delayed to start until N1 state ends.
[0108] In embodiments where the timer comprises a contention resolution timer associated with a random access procedure, the terminal device 110 may transmit an Msg3 to the network device 120 in response to receiving a random access response from the network device 120. In response to transmitting the Msg3, the terminal device 110 may start the contention resolution timer. In some embodiments, a maximum value of the contention resolution timer may be extended.
[0109] When Msg3 PUSCH is transmitted, the terminal device 110 may start or restart the contention resolution timer in the first symbol after the end of the Msg3 transmission plus the round-trip time (RTT) between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. If the contention resolution timer encounter N1 state, i.e. state outside Active state and Semi-Active state, the following options may be considered in order to avoid contention resolution timer expiration.
[0110] Option 1: Logical slot for contention resolution timer is used, i.e. the occupied time of N1 state may not be included.
[0111] Option 2: when contention resolution timer is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, the contention resolution timer is suspended. When N1 state ends, contention resolution timer is resumed.
[0112] Option 3: when contention resolution timer is running and the cell / beam enters N1 state, contention resolution timer is stopped. Then the terminal device 110 restarts contention resolution timer, value of the actual contention resolution timer is the left time plus time of N1 state.
[0113] Option 4: the terminal device 110 checks whether contention resolution timer may encounter N1 state. If the contention resolution timer encounters N1 state, value of the actual contention resolution timer will be modified as the configured contention resolution timer plus time of N1 state.
[0114] Option 5: the maximum value of contention resolution timer may be extended.
[0115] In some embodiments, a time interval between a first time point at which the random access response is received and a second time point at which the message is transmitted is determined based on at least one of: the logical time, or a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0116] With these embodiments regarding the timer associated with a random access process, random access failures may be avoided.
[0117] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for operations for timing relationship. In a solution, if a time interval between two associated transmissions between a terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship, the terminal device performs an operation associated with the timing relationship. The operation may be modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time. Alternatively, the operation may be modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0118] With this solution, failures of two associated transmissions between the terminal device and the network device such as NTN device may be avoided. The NTN coverage such as NTN downlink coverage may be enhanced.
[0119] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 for operations for timing relationship according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be implemented at the terminal device 110. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0120] At block 710, the terminal device 110 determines whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 (such as an NTN device) is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration. No signal is transmitted to or received from the network device 120 during the non-active time duration. The time interval between the two associated transmission is based on a timing relationship. That is, a timing relationship is predefined or configured for the two associated transmission. The time interval between the two associated transmissions may follow the timing relationship.
[0121] If the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, at block 720, the terminal device 110 performs an operation associated with the timing relationship. An option of the operation may be modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time.
[0122] Another option of the operation may be modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0123] For example, the timing relation may be for PDCCH and PUSCH, PDSCH and PUCCH. If PUSCH or PUCCH is transmitted within N1 state based on the timing relation, since the NW may not give some feedback, such as retransmission, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission may be delayed.
[0124] For PUSCH or PUCCH transmission, if it is transmitted within the N1 state based on the timing relation between PDCCH and PUSCH or between PDSCH and PUCCH, in order to achieve some feedback timely, some options may be considered:
[0125] Option 1: For all timing relations, logical slot / subframe / time is used, i.e. time of N1 state cannot be counted into timing time. Logical time may be logical slot, logical subframe, or logical time in unit of ms. For example, the logical time is 10240 –all the time of N1 state.
[0126] Option 2: when PUSCH / PUCCH is transmitted during / within N1 state, the timing relation can be modified, i.e. the current timing relation plus time of N1 state.
[0127] In this way if PUCCH or PUSCH is transmitted within N2 / N3 state, some feedback, such as new scheduling or retransmission scheduling, can be transmitted by NW.
[0128] In some embodiments, the two associated transmission comprises a random access response from the network device 120 and an Msg3 to the network device 120. In response to receiving the random access response from the network device 120 at a first time point, the terminal device 110 may determine a second time point for transmitting the Msg3 based on the timing relationship. If the second time point is within the non-active time duration, the terminal device 110 may perform the above mentioned operation associated with the timing relationship.
[0129] By way of example, modifying the time interval comprises counting the timing relationship using the logical time without counting into the non-active time duration. Modifying the timing relationship comprises extending a time length defined by the timing relationship by the time length of the non-active time duration. A time length of the non-active time duration may be determined by subtracting an active time duration from a DTX cycle of the network device 120.
[0130] In some embodiments, when RAR is received, the terminal device 110 may transmit Msg3 and the contention resolution timer is started. If the contention resolution timer encounters N1 state, since the maximum value of contention resolution timer is for example 64ms, it is possible that contention resolution fails due to the contention resolution timer expires. In order to solve this issue, some options may be considered, for example, time of N1 state may not be counted into the timer. That is, the timer is counted without considering N1 state before transmitting Msg3.
[0131] Besides the above option, based on the timing relation, if Msg3 is transmitted in N1 state, since the NW may not give some feedback for Msg3 during N1 state, Msg3 PUSCH may be delayed to be transmitted during N2 / N3 state. FIG. 8A illustrates an example diagram 800 showing the delaying transmission of the Msg3 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, if the terminal device 110 transmits Msg3 based on the timing relationship. The contention resolution timer 820 may be within the N1 duration 810. The terminal device 110 may delay transmission of the Msg3 after the N1 duration 810. In this way, the number of random access failures may be decreased.
[0132] In some embodiments, based on the timing relationship, when RAR is received, the terminal device 110 may transmit Msg3 PUSCH in slot n+k2+Δ+2μ·Kcell, offset, where n is the last slot that overlaps with the DL slot for the PDSCH reception, Δ is as defined for PUSCH transmission in a standard such as Table 6.1.2.1.1-5 of [6, techinical specification (TS) 38.214] , μ is the SCS configuration of the active UL bandwidth part (BWP) , and Kcell, offset is provided by cellSpecificKoffset; otherwise, if not provided, Kcell, offset=0. If the transmitting time is within N1 state, since the NW cannot give response for Msg3 during N1 state, the transmitting time of Msg3 PUSCH may be delayed, the following options may be considered.
[0133] One option is that the timing relationship may be modified as: n+k2+Δ+2μ· Kcell, offset + time of N1 state. Time of N1 state is DTX / DRX cycle minus on duration timer of N2 / N3. Another option is that for timing relation, logical slot is used, i.e. time of N1 state may not be counted into timing relation. FIG. 8B illustrates an example diagram 850 of message transmission for random access procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the terminal device 110 may delay the transmission of Msg3 after the N1 duration 810. The contention resolution timer 870 may after the delayed transmission of Msg3.
[0134] It is to be understood that the method 400 and the method 700 can be used separately, or in combination. With the method 400 and / 0r method 700, failures such as random access failure may be avoided.
[0135] In some mechanisms, conditional handover (CHO) is important and well suited to an NTN environment considering the deterministic nature of satellite movement and long RTT. However, power sharing changes could impact evaluation and execution of CHO, lowering the overall robustness of the procedure. For example, a UE unaware of future power sharing for a CHO candidate may risk executing the CHO to a cell which is about to experience DL coverage reduction. Similarly, a power sharing change may improve the coverage of a former cell after the CHO was executed, possibly causing the UE to ping pong.
[0136] Future change (s) to beam power sharing / pattern / size in both source cell and target cell could impact evaluation and execution of CHO. The UE may avoid handing over to a cell which may soon no longer be suitable by considering future power sharing of a CHO candidate, avoiding possible RLF or service interruption due to an incorrect mobility event. This may be supported by providing power sharing assistance information for both the source and candidate cells, as previously discussed.
[0137] It is proposed that UE may consider a future change to beam power sharing / pattern / size during CHO. Similar logic may be applied to cell (re) selection, where knowledge of future power sharing for candidate cells can avoid unnecessary cell reselection, reducing measurements and signalling (e.g., due to tracking area updates) . The UE may also consider the future power sharing state of camped and candidate cell (s) when deciding cell (re) selection.
[0138] Future change (s) to beam power sharing / pattern / size in both camped cell and candidate cell (s) could impact cell (re) selection decisions. It is proposed that UE may consider a future change to beam power sharing / pattern / size during cell (re) selection.
[0139] In view of the above, how to avoid unsuitable DTX / DRX pattern for the target cell when performing CHO procedure is a concerning problem. When evaluating CHO, since the UE is unaware of the DTX pattern of target cell, the selected cell may not be suitable for the UE. Thus, some information of DTX pattern needs to be considered for CHO procedure.
[0140] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for conditional handover. In a solution, a network device such as an NTN device transmits, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam DTX pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device. A cell or beam DTX pattern includes an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission. In response to receiving the configuration, the terminal device selects a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern. In this way, taking the DTX pattern into consideration may avoid selecting unsuitable cell.
[0141] Reference is made to FIG. 9, which illustrates a signaling flow 900 for conditional handover in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.
[0142] In operation, the network device 120 transmits (910) , to the terminal device 110 such as an NTN device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam DTX pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device. As used herein, the configuration of at least one cell or beam DTX pattern may be referred to as cell or beam DTX pattern configuration or DTX configuration. It is to be understood that the cell or beam DRX pattern configuration may also be transmitted to the terminal device 110 in some embodiments. The configuration of DTX pattern and the configuration of DRX pattern may be transmitted separately, or in a combined single configuration. By way of example, the configuration may be via RRC, MAC CE or downlink control information (DCI) , or any other suitable signaling.
[0143] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may receive, from a further network device such as a further NTN device, a configuration of cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the further network device. Alternatively, or in addition, the network device 120 may transmit, to the further network device, a configuration of cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the network device 120 to the further network device. That is, network devices such as NTN devices may exchange their cell or beam DTX / DRX patterns.
[0144] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may further transmit the configuration of cell or beam DTX pattern and / or cell or beam DRX pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device 120 to the further network device such as the further NTN device. The further network device may store the received configuration of cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern (s) . In this way, if the further network device becomes a serving cell after the handover, the further network device may provide the cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern (s) of at least one neighboring cell to the terminal device 110. The at least one neighboring cell of the further network device may include the network device 120 and / or the neighboring cell of the network device 120.
[0145] A cell or beam DTX pattern includes an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission. Cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern may need to be exchanged among the different cells by Xn interface. The active time duration may include at least one of: a first time duration for common message transmission such as N2 duration, or a second time duration for at least one of: an active traffic, a cell discovery or an initial access, such as N3 duration. That is, active time may be N2 / N3 duration of DTX pattern. The non-active time duration may be the N1 duration of DTX pattern.
[0146] In response to receiving (920) the configuration, the terminal device 110 selects a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.
[0147] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select the target cell based on a first condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration or active time, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration. For example, the value (referred to as x) may be buffer (data volume) / Active time (such as N2 / N3 duration) . The active time or the value x may be a condition for CHO procedure. As used herein, the term buffer or data volume may be data volume after RLC re-establishment, PDCP re-establishment and MAC reset.
[0148] In addition, in some embodiments, the first condition may be further based on a threshold, the threshold being configured by the network device 120 or predefined. For example, the network device 120 may transmit a configuration of the threshold to the terminal device 110. The configuration of threshold may be combined with the configuration of the cell or beam DTX pattern, or may be separate from the configuration of the cell or beam DTX pattern. By way of example, the configuration of threshold may be via RRC, MAC CE or DCI, or any other suitable signaling.
[0149] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a set of candidate cells from the at least one neighboring cell based on a second condition associated with at least one of: time information, location information or a measurement. The terminal device 110 may select the target cell from the set of candidate cells based on the first condition. That is, during the CHO procedure, active time of cell / beam DTX may be as a selection condition for the target cell. For example, the active time may be as a secondary condition. The secondary condition may be active time or the current buffer / active time.
[0150] When more than one triggered cell exists, condition based on active time needs to be considered as following. The secondary condition is defined as the current buffer / active time of DTX pattern. For cell DTX, if the current buffer / active time is equal or less than a configured threshold, which means that secondary condition is met for this cell. For beam DTX, if the current buffer / active time of the beam with best reference signal received power (RSRP) of a cell is equal or less than a configured threshold, which means that secondary condition of this cell is met.
[0151] In some embodiments, if the set of candidate cells comprises a plurality of candidate cells, the terminal device 110 may select the target cell from the plurality of candidate cells based on the first condition. For these cells, if more than one cells meet the secondary condition, it is up to UE implementation to select which cell as the target cell. If only one cell meets the secondary condition, this cell will be as the target cell. In some embodiments, if only one triggered cell exists, the secondary condition will not be considered.
[0152] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine to trigger a target cell selection based on at least one of: the first condition, a time-based condition, or a location-based condition. At least one of the first condition, the time-based condition or the location-based condition may be configured independently from a measurement condition for the conditional handover. That is, active time of cell / beam DTX may be as a main trigger condition similar to time based and location based trigger condition. A new trigger condition is introduced, i.e. active time based trigger condition.
[0153] Active time may be the following two options:
[0154] Option 1: on duration timer of cell / beam DTX, or
[0155] Option 2: data volume / on duration timer of cell / beam DTX.
[0156] Time-based, active time based or location-based trigger conditions may be configured independently from the measurement condition for CHO in NTN. A new event for active time may be introduced, for example, E1. A threshold, hysteresis, and duration need to be configured.
[0157] By taking the cell or beam DTX pattern into consideration when selecting the target cell for CHO, it may avoid the terminal device from selecting an unsuitable cell. Thus, the CHO may be improved. It is to be understood that the signaling flow 900 may be used separately, or in combination with the method 400 and / or method 700, to improve the DL coverage of NTN. With the method 400, the method 700 and / or the signaling flow 900, the NTN coverage such as NTN downlink coverage can be enhanced.
[0158] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1000 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0159] At block 1010, the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam DTX pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission.
[0160] At block 1020, the terminal device 110 selects a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select the target cell based on a first condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the first condition is further based on a threshold, the threshold being configured by the network device or predefined.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a set of candidate cells from the at least one neighboring cell based on a second condition associated with at least one of: time information, location information or a measurement. The terminal device 110 may select the target cell from the set of candidate cells based on the first condition.
[0164] In some example embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the set of candidate cells comprises a plurality of candidate cells, the terminal device 110 may select the target cell from the plurality of candidate cells based on the first condition.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the method 1000 further comprises: determining to trigger a target cell selection based on at least one of: the first condition, a time-based condition, or a location-based condition.
[0166] In some example embodiments, at least one of the first condition, the time-based condition or the location-based condition is configured independently from a measurement condition for the conditional handover.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the active time duration comprises at least one of: a first time duration for common message transmission, or a second time duration for at least one of: an active traffic, a cell discovery or an initial access.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the network device comprises an NTN device.
[0169] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1100 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0170] At block 1110, the network device 120 transmits, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam DTX pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: transmitting, to the terminal device, a configuration of a threshold for a condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration.
[0172] In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises at least one of:receiving, from a further network device, a configuration of a cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the further network device; or transmitting, to the further network device, a configuration of a cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the network device.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the network device comprises an NTN device.
[0174] FIG. 12 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1200 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0175] As shown, the device 1200 includes a processor 1210, a memory 1220 coupled to the processor 1210, a suitable transceiver 1240 coupled to the processor 1210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1240. The memory 1220 stores at least a part of a program 1230. The transceiver 1240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1240 may include at least one of a transmitter 1242 and a receiver 1244. The transmitter 1242 and the receiver 1244 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0176] The program 1230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1210, enable the device 1200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1210 of the device 1200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may form processing means 1250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0177] The memory 1220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1220 is shown in the device 1200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1200. The processor 1210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0178] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; and in accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of: running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration; extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; or stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, wherein a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0179] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; and in accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of: modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; or modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0180] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; and select a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0181] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0182] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0183] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for determining whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; and means for in accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, performing an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of: running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration; extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; or stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0184] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for determining whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; and means for in accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, performing an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of: modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; or modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0185] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third apparatus is provided. The third apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; and means for selecting a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1000. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0186] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fourth apparatus is provided. The fourth apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1100. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0187] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0188] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; and in accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of: running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration; extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; or stopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0189] In some embodiments, the timer is associated with a random access procedure, and the timer comprises at least one of: a timer of a random access response (RAR) window, a timer of an MsgB response window, the MsgB being a message in the random access procedure, or a contention resolution window.
[0190] In some embodiments, the timer comprises a timer of a random access response (RAR) window, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: start the timer of the RAR window after transmitting a preamble for random access to the network device.
[0191] In some embodiments, the timer comprises a timer of an MsgB response window, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: start the timer of the MsgB response window after transmitting an MsgA to the network device, the MsgA and the MsgB being associated with a random access procedure.
[0192] In some embodiments, the timer comprises a contention resolution timer associated with a random access procedure, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in response to receiving a random access response from the network device, transmit an Msg3 to the network device; and in response to transmitting the Msg3, start the contention resolution timer.
[0193] In some embodiments, a maximum value of the contention resolution timer is extended.
[0194] In some embodiments, a time interval between a first time point at which the random access response is received and a second time point at which the message is transmitted is determined based on at least one of: the logical time, or a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0195] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in response to a cell or a beam of the network device entering an off state while the timer is running, perform the operation associated with the timer, the non-active time duration comprising a time duration in which the cell or beam in the off state, wherein while the cell or beam enters the off state, no signal is transmitted to or received from the cell or beam of the network device.
[0196] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in response to the timer to be started during the non-active time duration, start the timer before or after the non-active time duration.
[0197] In some embodiments, a time length of the non-active time duration is determined by subtracting an active time duration from a discontinuous transmission (DTX) cycle of the network device.
[0198] In some embodiments, the timer comprises at least one of: a timer associated with a random access procedure, a configured grant timer, a configured grant retransmission timer, a discard timer, a reordering timer, or a further timer associated with the terminal device.
[0199] In some embodiments, the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.
[0200] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: determine whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; and in accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of: modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; or modifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.
[0201] In some embodiments, the two associated transmission comprises a random access response from the network device and an Msg3 to the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in response to receiving the random access response from the network device at a first time point, determine a second time point for transmitting the Msg3 based on the timing relationship; in accordance with a determination that the second time point is within the non-active time duration, perform the operation associated with the timing relationship.
[0202] In some embodiments, modifying the time interval comprises counting the timing relationship using the logical time without counting into the non-active time duration.
[0203] In some embodiments, modifying the timing relationship comprises extending a time length defined by the timing relationship by the time length of the non-active time duration.
[0204] In some embodiments, a time length of the non-active time duration is determined by subtracting an active time duration from a discontinuous transmission (DTX) cycle of the network device.
[0205] In some embodiments, the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.
[0206] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; and select a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.
[0207] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: select the target cell based on a first condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration.
[0208] In some embodiments, the first condition is further based on a threshold, the threshold being configured by the network device or predefined.
[0209] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: select a set of candidate cells from the at least one neighboring cell based on a second condition associated with at least one of: time information, location information or a measurement; and select the target cell from the set of candidate cells based on the first condition.
[0210] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: in accordance with a determination that the set of candidate cells comprises a plurality of candidate cells, select the target cell from the plurality of candidate cells based on the first condition.
[0211] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to: determine to trigger a target cell selection based on at least one of: the first condition, a time-based condition, or a location-based condition.
[0212] In some embodiments, at least one of the first condition, the time-based condition or the location-based condition is configured independently from a measurement condition for the conditional handover.
[0213] In some embodiments, the active time duration comprises at least one of: a first time duration for common message transmission, or a second time duration for at least one of: an active traffic, a cell discovery or an initial access.
[0214] In some embodiments, the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.
[0215] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission.
[0216] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to the terminal device, a configuration of a threshold for a condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration.
[0217] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to perform at least one of: receiving, from a further network device, a configuration of cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the further network device, or transmitting, to the further network device, a configuration of cell or beam DTX / DRX pattern of the network device.
[0218] In some embodiments, the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.
[0219] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0220] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0221] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0222] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0223] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0224] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0225] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0226] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0227] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0228] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0229] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0230] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0231] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0232] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0233] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0234] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0235] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0236] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine whether a running time of a timer is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted to or received from a network device during the non-active time duration; andin accordance with a determination that the running time of the timer is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timer, the operation comprising at least one of:running the timer based on a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time;suspending the timer during the non-active time duration and resuming the timer after the non-active time duration;extending a length of the timer based on a time length of the non-active time duration; orstopping the timer at a beginning of the non-active time duration and restarting the timer at the beginning of the non-active time duration, wherein a time length of the restarted timer comprises a remaining time length of the timer and a time length of the non-active time duration.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the timer is associated with a random access procedure, and the timer comprises at least one of:a timer of a random access response (RAR) window,a timer of an MsgB response window, the MsgB being a message in the random access procedure, ora contention resolution window.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the timer comprises a timer of a random access response (RAR) window, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:start the timer of the RAR window after transmitting a preamble for random access to the network device.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the timer comprises a timer of an MsgB response window, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:start the timer of the MsgB response window after transmitting an MsgA to the network device, the MsgA and the MsgB being associated with a random access procedure.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the timer comprises a contention resolution timer associated with a random access procedure, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:in response to receiving a random access response from the network device, transmit an Msg3 to the network device; andin response to transmitting the Msg3, start the contention resolution timer.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein a maximum value of the contention resolution timer is extended.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein a time interval between a first time point at which the random access response is received and a second time point at which the message is transmitted is determined based on at least one of: the logical time, or a time length of the non-active time duration.The terminal device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:in response to a cell or a beam of the network device entering an off state while the timer is running, perform the operation associated with the timer, the non-active time duration comprising a time duration in which the cell or beam in the off state, wherein while the cell or beam enters the off state, no signal is transmitted to or received from the cell or beam of the network device.The terminal device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:in response to the timer to be started during the non-active time duration, start the timer before or after the non-active time duration.The terminal device of any of claims 1-9, wherein a time length of the non-active time duration is determined by subtracting an active time duration from a discontinuous transmission (DTX) cycle of the network device.The terminal device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the timer comprises at least one of:a timer associated with a random access procedure, a configured grant timer, a configured grant retransmission timer, a discard timer, a reordering timer, or a further timer associated with the terminal device.The terminal device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine whether a time interval between two associated transmissions between the terminal device and a network device is at least partially overlapped with a non-active time duration, no signal being transmitted or received during the non-active time duration, the time interval between the two associated transmission being based on a timing relationship; andin accordance with a determination that the time interval is at least partially overlapped with the non-active time duration, perform an operation associated with the timing relationship, the operation comprising at least one of:modifying the time interval based on the timing relationship and a logical time, the logical time excluding the non-active time duration from a physical time; ormodifying the time interval by modifying the timing relationship based on a time length of the non-active time duration.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the two associated transmission comprises a random access response from the network device and an Msg3 to the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:in response to receiving the random access response from the network device at a first time point, determine a second time point for transmitting the Msg3 based on the timing relationship;in accordance with a determination that the second time point is within the non-active time duration, perform the operation associated with the timing relationship.The terminal device of claim 13 or 14, wherein modifying the time interval comprises counting the timing relationship using the logical time without counting into the non-active time duration.The terminal device of claim 13 or 14, wherein modifying the timing relationship comprises extending a time length defined by the timing relationship by the time length of the non-active time duration.The terminal device of any of claims 13-16, wherein a time length of the non-active time duration is determined by subtracting an active time duration from a discontinuous transmission (DTX) cycle of the network device.The terminal device of any of claims 13-17, wherein the network device comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) device.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a configuration of at least one cell or beam discontinuous transmission (DTX) pattern of at least one neighboring cell of the network device, a cell or beam DTX pattern including an active time duration with signal transmission and a non-active time duration without signal transmission; andselect a target cell for a conditional handover from the at least one neighboring cell at least in part based on the at least one cell or beam DTX pattern.The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the terminal device to:select the target cell based on a first condition associated with at least one of: the active time duration, or a value based on a buffer or data volume and the active time duration.
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