Indication related to RACH ros
By indicating valid RACH occasions to terminal devices for semi-static PRACH resource configuration, the method addresses complexity and collisions in RACH management, enhancing efficiency and reducing resource consumption in communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110501
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Current communication systems face challenges in managing random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) due to complex dynamic adaptations, increased DL resource consumption, and collisions between different SSB-to-RO mappings, particularly for next-generation UEs (NES-capable UEs), leading to inefficiencies and complexity in PRACH resource determination.
A method for indicating valid RACH occasions (ROs) to terminal devices, allowing semi-static configuration and reducing complexity by dynamically muting/activating additional ROs, thereby avoiding collisions and optimizing PRACH resource allocation without requiring dynamic UE adaptation.
This approach reduces DL resource consumption, simplifies UE complexity for initial access, and minimizes collisions between legacy and additional ROs, enabling efficient PRACH resource management with semi-static optimization.
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Figure CN2024110501_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INDICATION RELATED TO RACH ROSFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for an indication related to random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in according with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of standards are the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards, 6G (6th Generation) standards or other standards provided by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for an indication related to random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) .
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to receive an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) . The terminal device is further caused to perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission based on the indication.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to transmit, to a terminal device, an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) . The network device is further caused to receive a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device based on the indication.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises receiving an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; and performing, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises transmitting an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) to a terminal device; and receiving a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device based on the indication.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; and means for performing, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises transmitting an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) to a terminal device; and means for receiving a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device based on the indication.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the third aspect to fourth aspect.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform at least the method according to according to any one of the third aspect to fourth aspect.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises receiving circuitry configured to receive an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; and performing circuitry configured to perform, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a terminal device, an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; and receiving circuitry configured to receive, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device.
[0015] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0017] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 1B illustrates an excerpt of Table 6.3.3.2-3 related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 1C illustrates a mapping between PRCH configuration period and SS / PBCH block to PRACH occasion association period related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of how SSB-to-RO mapping is realized related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 1E illustrates example PRACH mask 100e related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIGS. 3A-3B illustrates some PRACH masks according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates a PRACH mask according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates a PRACH mask according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 113 (normal RO, such as existing RO) related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 8 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 125 (additional ROs) related to some embodiments of the present disclosure
[0029] FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 10 illustrates an example embodiment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 11 illustrates another example embodiment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 13 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 128 (additional ROs) related to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 14 illustrates an example embodiment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 15 illustrates an example embodiment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 18 illustrates simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0039] FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0040] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0042] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0043] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0044] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0045] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0046] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0047] (a) hardware-only circuits (such as in analog and / or digital circuits) and
[0048] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0049] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software (e.g., firmware) ; and
[0050] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0051] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0052] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0053] As used herein, the term “cellular network” refers to a network operating in accordance with any suitable radio access technology defined by standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , new radio Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device of a cellular network may be performed according to any suitable communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various cellular networks. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0054] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to any device in a cellular network via which a terminal device accesses a data network and receives services exposed by other network devices of the cellular network. In some examples, a network device may comprise or implement a network function of a 5th generation communication system (5GS) (e.g., a core network) of a cellular network. In some examples, the network devices may be located at the RAN of the 5GS. The network device may be part of a satellite, a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico node, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. A gNB may include a centralized unit CU and one or more distributed DUs. Femto and Pico nodes are small base stations with a small coverage area.
[0055] The term “terminal device” refers to a device of a communication system of a cellular network, such as a 5th generation communication system (5GS) that may be capable of wireless (e.g., radio) communication with a NR-RAN of the 5GS) . By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . Examples of a terminal device include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (for example, remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0056] Currently, based on existing agreements, SSB-to-RO mapping for the additional PRACH resources is separate from the SSB-to-RO mapping of the PRACH resources for normal (for example, legacy) UEs to avoid any impact on these later. In other words, normal (for example, legacy) and additional PRACH resources would follow an independent mapping to SSBs and will be handled independently by both NW and UE.
[0057] NES-capable UEs may make use of additional mechanisms (if any) for determining the additional PRACH resources such as muting / masking ROs (e.g., for the case when the PRACH configuration index for the additional PRACH resources contains normal resources such as legacy resources) , or additional parameters to facilitate condensed / cluster RACH resources in time-domain (including whether needed) .
[0058] This creates several problems. If RO muting / masking is done dynamically, e.g., paging DCI, a great flexibility is available at gNB to create several patterns of normal (for example, legacy) ROs / additional ROs for PRACH transmissions. However, this also requires the UE to support dynamic adaptation of PRACH resource determination, which is rather complex and would likely be subject to a UE capability. As a result, it might be usable only for a sub-set of UEs, whose number will be known by gNB only after such UEs have completed at least one initial access procedure and provided the UE capability report to gNB.
[0059] Complexity at gNB would also be quite larger since the RACH process would be subject to optimization / adaptation at a much larger pace than what can be achieved via semi-static configurations. In other words, gNB would have perform a much larger number of fast reconfigurations of the receiving algorithms based on the dynamic adaptation, with possible impact on the scheduling decision for the UEs performing access, e.g., Msg3 scheduling, and RRC_CONNECTED UEs. A larger DL resource consumption as compared to normal (for example, legacy) solution due to the dynamic adaptation and related signaling.
[0060] Different SSB-to-RO mappings between normal (for example, legacy) ROs and additional ROs may create collisions between ROs, whereby the collision exists when two overlapping ROs (e.g., using the same time and frequency resource) have different SSB-to-RO mapping and overlapping preamble sets.
[0061] The number of additional ROs over a certain number of SFs may not be controlled in a fine way, if gNB needs to rely only on normal (for example, existing) PRACH configuration indices. This would entail the need for solving complex combinatorial problems, whose solution may be highly suboptimal given that the granularity of PRACH configuration indices for certain PRACH formats is not very fine.
[0062] In view of the above, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for an indication related to random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) . In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device may receive an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) . The terminal device may further perform, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.
[0063] In this way, some embodiments of this disclosure offer a method to the use of paging to dynamically mute / activate additional ROs. The method of some embodiments of this disclosure allow to reduce the DL resource consumption, reduce complexity at the UE for Initial Access, since it does not require the UE to support dynamic adaptation of PRACH resource determination based on paging, and reduce complexity at the gNB for similar reasons.
[0064] The method of some embodiments of this disclosure also allow to configure different SSB-to-RO mappings between normal (for example, legacy) ROs and additional ROs and fully avoid collisions between normal (for example, legacy) ROs and additional ROs. The method of some embodiments of this disclosure also allow to control the density of the additional ROs, loosely defined as the number of additional ROs over a certain number of SFs. The method of some embodiments of this disclosure also allow to realize the additional PRACH resource configuration optimization semi-statically, i.e., without any need for the UE to support dynamic adaptation approaches.
[0065] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment 100a in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The environment 100a may be a part of a communication network and comprise a plurality of terminal devices and network devices, such as a terminal device 110, a network device 120. As an example, the terminal device 110 may be implemented as a User Equipment (UE) or an Access Terminal (AT) , and the network device 120 may be implemented as a gNB, or a base station (BS) . The network device 120 may transmit various data to the terminal device 110 via network environment 100.
[0066] To transmit data and / or control information, the terminal device 110 may perform communications with the network device 120. A link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) .
[0067] Although the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 are described in the communication environment 100 of FIG. 1A, embodiments of the present disclosure may equally apply to any other suitable communication devices in communication with one another. That is, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the exemplary scenarios of FIG. 1A. In this regard, it is noted that although the terminal device is schematically depicted as a mobile phone and the network device 120 is schematically depicted as a satellite in FIG. 1A, it is understood that these depictions are exemplary in nature without suggesting any limitation. In other embodiments, the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may be any other communication devices, for example, any other wireless communication devices.
[0068] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1A is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100a may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0069] FIG. 1B illustrates an excerpt 100b of Table 6.3.3.2-3 related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The time-domain resource for RACH occasions (ROs) is RRC configured by prach-ConfigurationIndex (in rach-ConfigGeneric) , which acts as an indicator to a row of a table specified in TS 38.211 (clause 6.3.3.2, tables from 6.3.3.2-2 to 6.3.3.2-4) . With the parameters indicated by prach-ConfigurationIndex, the UE may determine the preamble format for PRACH and applies the procedure specified in TS 38.211 (clause 5.3.2) to find the ROs in time-domain.
[0070] The UE may retrieve information about the PRACH periodicity from Table 6.3.3.2- 3, i.e. configuration period that may be range from 10ms to 160 ms, and is given by the value x in the table: {1, 2, 4, 8, 16} ; the preamble format to be used for the PRACH transmission; sub-frame number (s) containing PRACH slots, whereby PRACH slots are located in system frames which satisfy the equation nSFN mod x=y; within each of the determined system frame numbers (SFNs) , ROs are allocated at subframe number indicated by the corresponding column in the table; and within each of the determined subframes, the remaining parameters in each row indicate the starting symbol of the first RO of each considered subframe, the number of PRACH slots within a subframe, the number of time-domain PRACH occasions within a PRACH slot, and the PRACH occasion duration.
[0071] The parameters msg1-FrequencyStart and msg1-FDM configured in RACH-ConfigGeneric indicate the offset of the lowest RO in frequency domain from the start of the UE uplink bandwidth part and the number of ROs multiplexed in frequency domain for each time instance, respectively. Such ROs are indexed as nRA= {0, 1, …, M -1} , where M equals the higher-layer parameter msg1-FDM, and are numbered in increasing order within the UE uplink bandwidth part, starting from the lowest frequency. The number of occupied resource blocks per RO is specified in Section 6.3.3.2 of TS 38.211, depending on the configured preamble length and sub-carrier spacings for PRACH and PUSCH.
[0072] The PRACH resources configuration is used by the UE in conjunction with the IE ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB to obtain two other fundamental elements for the PRACH resources configuration: SSB-to-RO mapping, and Determination of preambles for PRACH transmissions
[0073] FIG. 1C illustrates a mapping 100c between PRCH configuration period and SS / PBCH block to PRACH occasion association period related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The mapping of SSB indexes to the determined ROs is fundamental for a UE to understand which ROs are associated to the SSB index selected before the start of the RACH procedure. The different SSB indexes are beamformed in different directions in the cell, hence selection of a wrong SSB index may entail failure of the RACH procedure.
[0074] To this purpose, the IE ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB, configured in RACH-ConfigCommon may indicate the number of SSB indexes per RO or, alternatively, the number of preamble sets per RO, and the number of contention-based preambles per SSB index.
[0075] More precisely, for Type-1 random access procedure, a UE is provided a number N of SS / PBCH block indexes associated with one PRACH occasion and a number R of contention-based preambles per SS / PBCH block index per valid PRACH occasion by ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB. Once this information is available to a UE, the UE maps the SSB indexes to the time-frequency grid of ROs (determined as described above) in increasing order of preamble sets, frequency resource indices, time resource indices of the ROs within a PRACH slots, and the PRACH slots, sequentially. In this context, it should be noted that whenever N<1, N consecutive PRACH occasions are mapped to the same SS / PBCH block index. This is referred to in the specification (TS 38.213) as a mapping cycle.
[0076] In relation to the SSB-to-RO mapping, TS 38.213 defines an association period, starting from frame 0, for mapping SSB indexes to PRACH occasions (i.e., ROs) as the smallest value in the set determined by the PRACH configuration period according to Table 8.1-1 (reported below) such that all the SSB indexes are mapped at least once to the PRACH occasions within the association period. In other words, an association period is a period of time in which all SSB indexes are mapped to at least one RO.
[0077] FIG. 1D illustrates an example 100D of how SSB-to-RO mapping is realized related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The configuration may include PRACH configuration #125 (configuration period 10ms) ; Msg1-FDM =1; ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB=eight (this refers to the number of SSB per ROs; the second part of this IE, i.e., AndCB-PreamblesPerSSB, may have any value and the example would be exactly the same) ; and number of SS / PBCH blocks, i.e., #SSBs, equal to 6.
[0078] This configuration may yield the following setup, illustrated in FIG. 1D. 2 subframes in each radio frame, i.e., 2 and 7, include 2 PRACH slots. 2 ROs are present in the first of the 2 PRACH slots. The starting symbols of the 2 ROs are symbols 0 and 6, of the first PRACH slot, respectively. 8 preamble sets are created for each RO, hence 8 SSB indexes are mapped to each RO. Since there are only 6 active SS / PBCH blocks in the cell, 2 SSBs are mapped to 2 preamble sets, while 4 SSBs are mapped to only 1 preamble set.
[0079] This configuration allows to map all SSBs at least once within one configuration period. This implies that the association period is 10 ms in this case. The fourth and last RO of the association period has 2 unmapped preamble sets. In FIG. 1D, PRACH resources according to PRACH configuration index 125, 6 SSBs used by gNB in the cell, and ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB equal to eight.
[0080] Determination of the preambles to be used for PRACH transmissions in ROs mapped to certain SSB indexes is based on network configuration of two main relevant parameters: ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB and totalNumberOfRA-Preambles. More specifically, for Type-1 random access procedure, a UE is provided a with a total number of preambles by totalNumberOfRA-Preambles.
[0081] For Type-1 random access procedure, or for Type-2 random access procedure with separate configuration of PRACH occasions from Type 1 random access procedure, if N <1, one SSB index is mapped to 1 / N consecutive valid PRACH occasions and R contention-based preambles with consecutive indexes associated with the SSB index per valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index 0. If N≥1, R contention based preambles with consecutive indexes associated with SSB index n, 0≤n≤N-1, per valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index · wherein is an integer multiple of N.
[0082] FIG. 1E illustrates an example PRACH mask 100e related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. A component of the PRACH configuration procedure worth mentioning is the PRACH mask. According to TS 38.213, Clause 8.1, and TS. 38.321 (Clause 5, plus Table 7.3) , the PRACH mask may be configured to the UE to indicate where the UE may transmit PRACH. In other words, such tool is used by gNB to restrict the choices of the UE when more than one candidate RO exists to signal the selection of a given SSB, or to transmit a preamble mapped to an SSB index indicated by gNB to UE in the context of, e.g., contention free random access (CFRA) procedure.
[0083] As mentioned above, the PRACH mask is defined in Clause 7.3 of TS 38.231 (see Table below) and provided 11 available codepoints for gNB to allow the UE to use at least a specific RO for performing the PRACH transmission. In particular, PRACH mask indicates one or more ROs per mapping cycle whenever more than one RO is mapped to the same SSB Back-to-back. In other words, if N is the number of SSBs mapped per RO, PRACH mask is used only when N<1. This explains why specification stipulates that the PRACH occasion indexing is reset at each mapping cycle, and why the max PRACH occasion index it can signal is 8, i.e., N cannot be smaller than 1 / 8.
[0084] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that although the process flow 200 has been described referring to FIG. 1A, this process flow 200 may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios.
[0085] In the process flow 200, a network device 120 may transmit (205) an indication 202 of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) to a terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 may then receive (210) the indication 202 of at least one time duration including at least one valid RACH occasion RO.
[0086] The terminal device 110 may then perform (215) a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission 204 based on the indication 202. The network device 120 may receive (220) the PRACH transmission 204 from the terminal device 110 based on the indication 202.
[0087] In some embodiments, the indication 202 of the at least one time duration may comprise an integer equal to or larger than 0. In some further embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the PRACH transmission by determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission. An active RO may be an RO that is used by the terminal device 110 to perform the PRACH transmission. The terminal device 110 may then perform the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0088] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the one or more active ROs by determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs. Alternatively, or additionally, the terminal device 110 may exclude the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.
[0089] In some example embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more association periods. For example, normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to indicate one or more association period indices, indexing the association periods starting from SFN0 (an association period indexing logic is also introduced) .
[0090] In other words, the one or more association periods may be among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid ROs determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) . In some embodiments, indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts.
[0091] In some embodiments, the indication may indicate at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0092] In some embodiments, indexing of the multiple association periods may restart from 0 every N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0. In some further embodiments, the indication may indicate all association periods; an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an index of an association period; every even association period; or every odd association period.
[0093] In some embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more system frames. For example, normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to indicate one or more System frame numbers (SFN) , starting from SFN0. In other words, the one or more system frames may be among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number.
[0094] In some example embodiments, the indication may indicate at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, and N is an integer greater than 0. In some example embodiments, the indication may indicate all system frames; an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; every system frame with an even system frame number; or every system frame with an odd system frame number.
[0095] In some other embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more subframes. For example, normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to indicate one subframe, starting from subframe 0, in all frames for which an overlap exists between normal (for example, legacy) ROs and additional ROs. In other words, the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, and M is an integer greater than 0.
[0096] In some embodiments, the set of subframes may comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device. An overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO may occur in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.
[0097] In some embodiments, the indication may indicate all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; or none of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device.
[0098] In some embodiments, the indication may be received via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling. In some other embodiments, the terminal device 110 may apply the indication regardless of a RRC state of the terminal device 110.
[0099] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit capability information indicating that the terminal device 110 has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device 110 via a downlink control signaling. It is noted that the terminal device 110 may report the capability irrespective of whether a mask indication is received or not
[0100] In some embodiments, the capability information may indicate that the terminal device 110 is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.
[0101] In some further embodiments, the capability information may indicate a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device 110 is located; a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device 110; a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device 110; or minimum time for the terminal device 110 to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.
[0102] In some further embodiments, the terminal device may be configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources. In some example embodiments, a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources may be different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources may be associated with a same PRACH configuration index. In some other embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration may comprise a PRACH mask.
[0103] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may receive the PRACH transmission 204 by determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, and an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission. The network device 120 may then receive the PRACH transmission 204 on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0104] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may determine the one or more active ROs by determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs. Alternatively, or additionally, the network device 120 may determine the one or more active ROs by excluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.
[0105] In some further embodiment, the network device 110 may receive, from the terminal device, capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.
[0106] In this way, NES-capable UEs or the terminal device 110 may then be able to interpret this mask considering the teaching of some embodiments of this disclosure to identify a subset of additional ROs that may be used by such UEs, together with the normal (for example, existing) ROs, for performing the PRACH transmission. The mask is applied by UEs regardless of their RRC state.
[0107] Given that additional ROs will have an SSB-to-RO mapping, then an association period will exist for additional ROs, irrespective of which mapping is assumed (same as normal (for example, legacy) ROs or different) . Furthermore, all such additional ROs will be in subframes, in turn located in system frames.
[0108] As a result, the applicability of some embodiments of this disclosure holds irrespective of whether the additional ROs are created by means of a dedicated PRACH configuration index, i.e., different from the PRACH configuration index for the normal (for example, existing) resource or are created by means of the PRACH configuration index as for the normal (for example, existing) resource.
[0109] It is noted that in some cases of disclosure, the PRACH configuration index for the additional PRACH resources may be different from the PRACH configuration index for the normal (for example, legacy) resource. However, this is not to be understood as a restriction to the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, given the explanation above.
[0110] It is also noted that some embodiments of this disclosure cover both the concepts of 《active valid》, 《activated valid》, 《active》 and 《activated》 ROs, which are used as synonyms in the remained of the embodiments of this disclosure. Similarly, they should capture the fact that, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the PRACH transmission may be on a subset of PRACH occasions in association periods / system frames / subframes provided by the mask (depending on the considered Alternative) .
[0111] FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate some PRACH masks 300a and 300b according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the NES-capable UE transmits PRACH on the additional RO, when such RO is in association periods / system frames / subframes provided by the PRACH mask as per some embodiments of this disclosure. Alternatively, it transmits PRACH on active / activated ROs according to the indication provided by the PRACH mask as per some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0112] As illustrated in FIG. 3A, the normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to provide one or more association periods, indexing association periods starting from SFN0. In a preferred embodiment, such association periods may be the only ones which have activated additional valid ROs. Alternatively, PRACH transmission can only be on ROs in such association periods.
[0113] In an alternative embodiment, such association periods may be the only ones which have inactive / muted additional valid ROs. Alternatively, PRACH transmission cannot be on ROs in such association periods.
[0114] According to one embodiment, the association period indexing may be continuous and restarts when the system frame numbering restarts (the corresponding PRACH mask instance is provided in FIG. 3A) . The mask may assume to operate on a reference time given by N association periods, i.e., the outcome of the application of the mask repeats every N association periods. A modulo operation over N association periods may be performed to convert the mask indication into an association period (s) information. In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, N=8.
[0115] According to one embodiment, the association period indexing may be reset, i.e., restarts from 0, every N association periods, or every reference time defined as N association periods. In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, N=8 (the corresponding PRACH mask instance is provided in FIG. 3B) . It is assumed that the index of the first association period starting from SFN0 is association period 0; additionally, mod (A, B) may denote the integer remainder of the division A / B.
[0116] FIG. 4 illustrates a PRACH mask 400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 4, the normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to indicate one or more SFNs, starting from SFN0. In a preferred embodiment, such SFNs may be the only ones which have active / activated additional valid ROs. In an alternative embodiment, such SFNs may be the only ones which have inactive / muted additional valid ROs.
[0117] The mask may assume to operate on a reference time given by N SFs, i.e., the outcome of the application of the mask repeats every N SFs. A modulo operation over N SFNs is performed to convert the mask indication into an SFN (s) information. In a preferred embodiment N=8. The mod (A, B) may be denoted as the integer remainder of the division A / B.
[0118] FIG. 5 illustrates a PRACH mask 500 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, the normal (for example, existing) PRACH mask may be used to indicate one subframe, starting from subframe 0, in all frames for which an overlap exists between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs. In a preferred embodiment, such subframe may be the only one which has inactive / muted valid additional ROs.
[0119] In an alternative embodiment, such subframe may be the only one which has active / activated valid additional ROs. In some further embodiments, codepoint 11 may not be “Reserved” anymore, but mapped to “None” , and indicate that all the additional ROs in SFs for which collisions / overlaps exist between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs are inactive. In other words, The PRACH transmission may not be on such PRACH occasions.
[0120] In some other embodiments, it was agreed that the configuration of additional PRACH resources may be provided by semi-static signaling, e.g., by RRC. According to a preferred embodiment, the PRACH mask as per some embodiments of this disclosure may also be signaled via RRC, similarly to normal (for example, existing) approaches based on normal (for example, existing) PRACH masks. Furthermore, the indication provided by the mask may be applied by UEs regardless of their RRC state.
[0121] According to an alternative embodiment, the new PRACH mask may be signaled dynamically, such as via downlink control information (DCI) . Furthermore, the indication provided by the mask may be applied by UEs regardless of their RRC state.
[0122] According to another embodiment, the application of the new PRACH mask may be subject to UE capability. Such capability is related to the ability of the UE to support a dynamic adaptation of the PRACH resources based on a dynamic control signaling of the PRACH mask, applied on the resources configured via semi-static RRC signaling.
[0123] Moreover, such capability may depend on factors, such as the frequency band where the initial bandwidth part (BWP) is located or, alternatively, where the PRACH transmission is performed; the preamble format associated to the configured normal (for example, existing) or additional PRACH configuration index; a minimum time for processing and performing the PRACH resource adaptation according to the received dynamic control signaling.
[0124] For example, the UE or terminal device may receive information related to semi-static configuration of resources for performing PRACH transmissions from the network entity or gNB. The UE may then transmitting a control message reporting a PRACH adaptation capability of the UE to adapt PRACH resources determination for performing a PRACH transmission dynamically to the network entity.
[0125] In some embodiments, the UE may receive downlink control signaling providing information to adapt PRACH resources determination for performing a PRACH transmission from the network entity. adapt PRACH resources determination for performing a PRACH transmission based on both the semi-static configuration of resources and the downlink control signaling. The UE may then performing PRACH transmission over one of the determined PRACH resources based at least in part on the downlink control signaling.
[0126] In some further embodiments, transmitting the control message may comprise transmitting the control message indicating that the UE may be capable of adapting PRACH resources determination for performing a PRACH transmission based on both the semi-static configuration of resources and the downlink control signaling.
[0127] In some other embodiments, transmitting the control message may comprise transmitting the control message indicating a frequency band, a preamble format and minimum time for processing and performing the adaptation associated with the PRACH adaptation capability.
[0128] In this way, an alternative to the use of paging to dynamically mute or activate additional ROs is provided. While it may not guarantee the same flexibility of the dynamic approach, the method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may reduce the DL resource consumption. The method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may also reduce complexity at the UE for Initial Access, since it does not require the UE to support dynamic adaptation of PRACH resource determination based on paging. The method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may also reduce complexity at the gNB for similar reasons.
[0129] The method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may also allow to configure different SSB-to-RO mappings between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs and fully avoid collisions between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs. The method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may also allow to control the density of the additional ROs, loosely defined as the number of additional ROs over a certain number of SFs. As a result, and depending on the chosen PRACH configuration indices, the network device may find operating point for the cell where some additional ROs are activated on top of the normal (for example, existing) ones, but not all. This is equivalent to changing the PRACH periodicity of the additional ROs, or to puncturing / muting association periods of ROs semi-statically.
[0130] The method implemented in some embodiments of this disclosure may also allow to realize the additional PRACH resource configuration optimization semi-statically, i.e., without any need for the UE to support dynamic adaptation approaches. As a result, it may reduce the number of reported UE capabilities for NES UEs.
[0131] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates PRACH resources according to PRACH configurations 113 and 125. In this example scenario, PRACH configuration #113 (20ms) may be and Msg1-FDM equals to 1. Ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB equals to eight. #SSBs equals to 6.
[0132] In this example scenario, PRACH configuration #125 (10ms) may be and Msg1-FDM equals to 1. Ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB equals to eight. #SSBs equals to 6.
[0133] FIG. 7 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 113 (normal RO, such as existing RO) 700 related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 125 800 (additional ROs) related to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0134] The following example embodiments in this disclosure may be built based on FIGs. 6-8, where the number of ROs in one association period differs in the two cases, but the SSB-to-RO mapping is the same.
[0135] FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment 900 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example embodiment, a gNB may indicate PRACH mask index 9. Additional ROs in every even association period may be activated. Additional ROs in odd association periods may not be activated. Normal (for example, existing) ROs in odd association periods may still be used.
[0136] In this example embodiment, this method may allow every frame to have the same number of subframes carrying ROs (additional ROs or normal ROs, for example, existing ROs) . Normal (for example, existing) and additional ROs may have the same periodicity. Additional and normal (for example, existing) ROs may have completely different SSB-to-RO mappings, without ever causing collisions at gNB. It is noted that, for this specific combination of PRACH configuration indices, the same effect may be achieved if the method implemented in FIGs 11-12 is considered, and PRACH mask index 9 is signaled.
[0137] FIG. 10 illustrates an example embodiment 1000 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example embodiment, a gNB may indicate PRACH mask index 5. Additional ROs in association period 4 (or the 5th association period every N, e.g., N=8) are activated. Additional ROs in other association periods may not be activated. Normal (for example, existing) ROs in SFs with odd SFN may still be used.
[0138] Accordingly, to emulate periodicity 80 ms whereby the additional ROs are in even numbered SFs and not in odd numbered as per normal (for example, existing) PRACH configuration indices constraints. This enables doubling the total number of available ROs for NES UEs without reducing the nominal periodicity of the ROs. Additional and normal (for example, existing) ROs may have completely different SSB-to-RO mappings, without ever causing collisions at gNB. It is noted that, for this specific combination of PRACH configuration indices, the same effect may be achieved using the method implemented in FIGs 11-12, and PRACH mask index 5 is signaled.
[0139] FIG. 11 illustrates an example embodiment 1100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example embodiment, gNB may indicate PRACH mask index 10. Additional ROs in SFs with odd SFN may be activated. Additional ROs in SFs with even SFN may not be activated.
[0140] In this embodiments, the gNB may activate the PRACH detector only every other frame, i.e., reduce complexity. The NES UEs may perform access over additional ROs with the same periodicity then normal (for example, existing) UEs over the normal (for example, existing) ones. Similar complexity at the gNB for all the frames in which include ROs. Additional and normal (for example, existing) ROs may have completely different SSB-to-RO mappings, without causing collisions at gNB in this case. Different PRACH configuration indices may lead to different results.
[0141] It is noted that, for this specific combination of PRACH configuration indices, the same effect may be achieved using the method implemented in FIGs 9-10, and PRACH mask index 10 is signaled.
[0142] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario 1200 related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates PRACH resources according to PRACH configurations 113 and 128. In this example scenario, PRACH configuration #113 (20ms) may be and Msg1-FDM equals to 1. Ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB equals to eight. #SSBs equals to 6.
[0143] In this example scenario, PRACH configuration #128 (10ms) may be and Msg1-FDM equals to 1. Ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB equals to four. #SSBs equals to 6.
[0144] FIG. 13 illustrates a PRACH configuration index 128 1300 (additional ROs) related to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The following examples may be built based on FIGs 7, and 12-13, where the number of ROs in one association period is the same in the two cases, but the SSB-to-RO mapping is different.
[0145] FIG. 14 illustrates an example embodiment 1400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, where normal (for example, existing) and additional ROs collision / overlap avoidance. In this example embodiment, the gNB may indicate PRACH mask index 9. Additional ROs in every even association period may be activated or active. Additional ROs in odd association periods may be deactivated, inactive or muted. Normal (for example, existing) ROs in SFs with odd SFN may still be used.
[0146] This method allows same situation as per the method of FIG. 9. Collisions or overlaps are avoided and even access opportunities across SSB indices for the additional ROs are guaranteed. This method also eliminates additional ROs in subframe 7 in all subframes with odd SFN, as a by-product.
[0147] It is noted that, for this specific combination of PRACH configuration indices, the same effect may be achieved if the method implemented in FIG. 8 is considered, and PRACH mask index 9 is signaled.
[0148] FIG. 15 illustrates an example embodiment 1500 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, where normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs collision / overlap avoidance. In this example embodiment, the gNB may indicate PRACH mask index 10. Additional ROs in subframe 9 of all frames when a collision / overlap occurs between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs is deactivated, inactive, or muted. All other additional ROs may be activated / active.
[0149] This method allows to eliminate collisions / overlaps between normal (for example, existing) ROs and additional ROs. Similar complexity at the gNB for all the frames. Additional ROs and normal (for example, existing) ROs may have completely different SSB-to-RO mappings, without causing collisions / overlaps at gNB in this case.
[0150] This method also creates uneven access opportunities across SSB indices for the additional ROs. This may be solved by choosing different ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB.
[0151] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1600 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0152] At block 1602, the terminal device 110 may receive an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) . At block 1604, the terminal device 110 may perform, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission. In some embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration may comprise an integer equal to or larger than 0.
[0153] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the PRACH transmission by determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, and an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission; and performing the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the one or more active ROs by determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; or excluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs. In some other embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more association periods.
[0155] In some other embodiments, the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid ROs determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) .
[0156] In some example embodiments, indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0157] In some example embodiments, indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all association periods; an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an index of an association period; every even association period; or every odd association period.
[0159] In some further embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames. In some embodiments, the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0160] In some embodiments, the indication indicates all system frames; an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; every system frame with an even system frame number; or every system frame with an odd system frame number.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes. In some example embodiments, the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, and an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; or none of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the indication may be received via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling. In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may apply the indication regardless of a RRC state of the terminal device.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the capability information may indicate that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the capability information may indicate a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located; a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device; a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; or minimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.
[0168] In some further example embodiments, the terminal device may be configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources. In some further example embodiments, a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources. In some other example embodiments, the first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index.
[0169] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0170] At block 1702, the network device 120 may transmit an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) to a terminal device. At block 1704, the network device 120 may receive a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device based on the indication.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration comprises an integer equal to or larger than 0.
[0172] In some further example embodiments, the network device may receive the PRACH transmission by determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, and an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission; and receiving the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the network device may determine the one or more active ROs by determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; or excluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.
[0174] In some embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more association periods. In some embodiments, wherein the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid RO determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) . In some further embodiments, indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0. In some example embodiments, indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all association periods; an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an index of an association period; every even association period; or every odd association period.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames. In some example embodiments, the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0178] In some further example embodiments, the indication indicates all system frames; an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; every system frame with an even system frame number; or every system frame with an odd system frame number.
[0179] In some other example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes. In some other example embodiments, the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.
[0180] In some further embodiments, the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, and an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.
[0181] In some further embodiments, the indication indicates all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; or none of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device. In some further embodiments, the indication is transmitted via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling.
[0182] In some further embodiments, the network device may receive, from the terminal device, capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.
[0183] In some further embodiments, the capability information indicates that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.
[0184] In some further embodiments, the capability information indicates a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located; a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device; a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; or minimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.
[0185] In some further embodiments, the terminal device is configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources. In some further embodiments, a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources. In some other embodiments, the first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index. In some further embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration comprises a PRACH mask.
[0186] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the terminal device 110) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0187] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) . In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for performing, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission. In some embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration may comprise an integer equal to or larger than 0.
[0188] In some embodiments, the means for performing the PRACH transmission comprises means for determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, and an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission, and means for performing the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0189] In some embodiments, the means for determining the one or more active ROs comprises means for determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; or means for excluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs. In some other embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more association periods.
[0190] In some other embodiments, the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid ROs determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) .
[0191] In some example embodiments, indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0. In some example embodiments, indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all association periods; an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an index of an association period; every even association period; or every odd association period.
[0193] In some further embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames. In some embodiments, the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0194] In some embodiments, the indication indicates all system frames; an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; every system frame with an even system frame number; or every system frame with an odd system frame number.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes. In some example embodiments, the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, and an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; or none of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device.
[0198] In some example embodiments, the indication may be received via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling. In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for applying the indication regardless of a RRC state of the terminal device.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the capability information may indicate that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the capability information may indicate a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located; a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device; a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; or minimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.
[0202] In some further example embodiments, the terminal device may be configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources. In some further example embodiments, a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources. In some other example embodiments, the first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index.
[0203] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1600 (for example, the terminal device 110) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0204] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1700 (for example, the network device 120) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0205] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) to a terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device based on the indication. In some example embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration comprises an integer equal to or larger than 0.
[0206] In some further example embodiments, the means for receiving the PRACH transmission comprises means for determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, and an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission; and receiving the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.
[0207] In some further example embodiments, the means for determining the one or more active ROs comprises means for determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; or means for excluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.
[0208] In some embodiments, the at least one time duration may comprise one or more association periods. In some embodiments, wherein the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid RO determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) . In some further embodiments, indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, and N is an integer greater than 0. In some example embodiments, indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates all association periods; an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an index of an association period; every even association period; or every odd association period.
[0211] In some example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames. In some example embodiments, the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number. In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, and N is an integer greater than 0.
[0212] In some further example embodiments, the indication indicates all system frames; an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, and N is an integer greater than 0; every system frame with an even system frame number; or every system frame with an odd system frame number.
[0213] In some other example embodiments, the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes. In some other example embodiments, the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.
[0214] In some further embodiments, the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, and an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.
[0215] In some further embodiments, the indication indicates all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; or none of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device. In some further embodiments, the indication is transmitted via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling.
[0216] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving, from the terminal device, capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.
[0217] In some further embodiments, the capability information indicates that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.
[0218] In some further embodiments, the capability information indicates a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located; a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device; a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; or minimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.
[0219] In some further embodiments, the terminal device is configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources. In some further embodiments, a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources. In some other embodiments, the first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index. In some further embodiments, the indication of the at least one time duration comprises a PRACH mask.
[0220] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 1700. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0221] FIG. 18 illustrates simplified block diagram of a device 1800 that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1800 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. As shown, the device 1800 includes one or more processors 1810, one or more memories 1820 coupled to the processor 1810, and one or more communication modules 1840 coupled to the processor 1810.
[0222] The communication module 1840 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0223] The processor 1810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0224] The memory 1820 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1824, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1822 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0225] A computer program 1830 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1810. The program 1830 may be stored in the ROM 1824. The processor 1810 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1830 into the RAM 1822.
[0226] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1830 so that the device 1800 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the program 1830 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1800 (such as in the memory 1820) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1800. The device 1800 may load the program 1830 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1822 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0228] FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium 1900 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer readable medium 1900 has the program 1830 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer readable medium 1900 is depicted in form of CD or DVD in FIG. 19, the computer readable medium 1900 may be in any other form suitable for carry or hold the program 1830.
[0229] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0230] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 1600 or 1700 as described above with reference to FIG. 16 or 17. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0231] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0232] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0233] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0234] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0235] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to:receive an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; andperform, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the indication of the at least one time duration comprises an integer equal to or larger than 0.3.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the PRACH transmission by:determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, wherein an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission; andperforming the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.4.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine the one or more active ROs by:determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; orexcluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.5.The terminal device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more association periods.6.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid ROs determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) .7.The terminal device of claim 6, wherein indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts.8.The terminal device of claim 6 or 7, wherein the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.9.The terminal device of any of claims 6-8, wherein indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.10.The terminal device of any of claims 5-9, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all association periods;an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an index of an association period;every even association period; orevery odd association period.11.The terminal device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames.12.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number.13.The terminal device of claim 11 or 12, wherein the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.14.The terminal device of any of claims 10-13, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all system frames;an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;every system frame with an even system frame number; orevery system frame with an odd system frame number.15.The terminal device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes.16.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.17.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, wherein an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.18.The terminal device of any of claims 15-17, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device;an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; ornone of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device.19.The terminal device of any of claims 1-18, wherein the indication is received via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling.20.The terminal device of any of claims 1-19, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:apply the indication regardless of a RRC state of the terminal device.21.The terminal device of any of claims 1-20, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.22.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the capability information indicates that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.23.The terminal device of claim 21 or 22, wherein the capability information indicates at least one of the following:a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located;a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device;a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; orminimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.24.The terminal device of any of claims 1-23, wherein the terminal device is configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources.25.The terminal device of claim 24, wherein:a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources; orthe first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index.26.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit, to a terminal device, an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; andreceive, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device.27.The network device of claim 26, wherein the indication of the at least one time duration comprises an integer equal to or larger than 0.28.The network device of claim 26 or 27, wherein the network device is caused to receive the PRACH transmission by:determining, based on the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration, one or more active ROs for the PRACH transmission, wherein an active RO is an RO that is used by the terminal device to perform the PRACH transmission; andreceiving the PRACH transmission on at least one active RO among the one or more active ROs.29.The network device of claim 28, wherein the network device is caused to determine the one or more active ROs by:determining the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration as the one or more active ROs; orexcluding the at least one valid RO included in the at least one time duration from the one or more active ROs.30.The network device of any of claims 26-29, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more association periods.31.The network device of claim 30, wherein the one or more association periods are among multiple association periods indexed starting from a first association period including at least one valid RO determined in or after a system frame number 0 (SFN0) .32.The network device of claim 31, wherein indexes of the multiple association periods are continuous and restart in the case that system frame numbering restarts.33.The network device of claim 31 or 32, wherein the indication indicates at least one association period in at least one reference time given by N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.34.The network device of claim 31, wherein indexing of the multiple association periods restart from 0 every N association periods, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.35.The network device of any of claims 32-34, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all association periods;an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing an index of an association period by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an index of an association period;every even association period; orevery odd association period.36.The network device of any of claims 26-29, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more system frames.37.The network device of claim 36, wherein the one or more system frames are among multiple system frames indexed starting from a SFN0 to a maximum number.38.The network device of claim 36 or 37, wherein the indication indicates at least one system frame in at least one reference time given by N system frames, wherein N is an integer greater than 0.39.The network device of any of claims 36-38, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all system frames;an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;an integer obtained by subtracting 1 from an integer remainder determined by dividing a system frame number by N, wherein N is an integer greater than 0;every system frame with an even system frame number; orevery system frame with an odd system frame number.40.The network device of any of claims 26-29, wherein the at least one time duration comprises one or more subframes.41.The network device of claim 40, wherein the one or more subframes are among a set of subframes indexed starting from a subframe 0 to subframe M, wherein M is an integer greater than 0.42.The network device of claim 41, wherein the set of subframes comprise at least one subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device, wherein an overlap between a first valid RO and a second valid RO occurs in the case that the two valid ROs are determined by the terminal device over the same time or frequency resource.43.The network device of any of claims 40-42, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:all subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device;an index of a subframe for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device; ornone of subframes for which an overlap exists between one or more valid ROs of a first set of valid ROs and one or more valid ROs of a second set of valid ROs configured for the terminal device.44.The network device of any of claims 26-43, wherein the indication is transmitted via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a downlink control signaling.45.The network device of any of claims 26-44, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, capability information indicating that the terminal device has a capability to apply the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO, in the case when the indication is received by the terminal device via a downlink control signaling.46.The network device of claim 45, wherein the capability information indicates that the terminal device is capable of adapting determination of at least one PRACH resource for performing a PRACH transmission based on a semi-static configuration of PRACH resources and the downlink control signaling providing the indication of the at least one time duration including at least one valid RO.47.The network device of claim 36 or 46, wherein the capability information indicates at least one of the following:a frequency band in which an initial bandwidth part (BWP) of the terminal device is located;a frequency band in which a PRACH transmission is to be performed by the terminal device;a preamble format associated with a first PRACH configuration index or a second PRACH configuration index configured for the terminal device; orminimum time for the terminal device to process and perform PRACH resource adaptation.48.The network device of any of claims 26-47, wherein the terminal device is configured with a first set of PRACH resources and a second set of PRACH resources.49.The network device of claim 48, wherein:a first PRACH configuration index for the first set of PRACH resources is different from a second PRACH configuration index for the second set of PRACH resources; orthe first set of PRACH resources and the second set of PRACH resources are associated with a same PRACH configuration index.50.A method comprising:receiving an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; andperforming, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.51.A method comprising:transmitting, to a terminal device, an indication of at least one time duration including at least one valid random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) ; andreceiving, based on the indication, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission from the terminal device.52.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method of claim 50 or 51.
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